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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 3 Chapter 3 Space Travel are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 3 Chapter 3 Space Travel.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 10
Subject	English Main Course Book
Chapter	Unit 3 Chapter 3
Chapter Name	Space Travel
Category	NCERT Solutions

CBSE Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 3 Science Chapter 3 Space Travel

TEXTUAL EXERCISES

Question 1.
In this section you will read about the experiences of four women astronauts in space. Your teacher will divide the class into groups of four and ask each of the group members to read about one of the astronauts. In the end each of the group members will complete the table given below by exchanging information within the group.
Answer:
For answer see Q.3.

Question 2.
Read the Article given.

Question 3.
Copy and complete the following table with information from the passage :
Answer:
Each one of the group members exchanged information about the four astronauts. The inputs were shared among group members of Group 1, Group 2, Group 3, Group 4. Their task of completing the table is given below :

Name	Age	Year or becoming an astronaut	No. of space .Journeys	Experience with yero gravity	Ways of staying fit	Memorable moments	What one has learnt from the travel
1. Peggy Whitson	48	1996	2	—Nice —felt younger	cardio exercises resistance training	Incredible earth’s curvature	Exploration a must
2. Pamela Melroy	47	1995	3	Magical zero gravity	—	cheered by Whitson and her crew	Long term pay-off
3. Sunita Williams	43	1998	1	hard	running	flying versus walking	under­ standing oneness
4. Barbara Morgan	56	1985	1	fun-filled	power of food	upside down position	to remain optimistic

Question 4.
Complete the following sentences with information given in the passage above :

1. Peggy Whitson has been described as a ‘walking laboratory’ because …………………….
2. Peggy feels that returning to earth is not a pleasant experience as …………………….
3. Pam Melroy and her crew members were applauded when …………………….
4. The historic moment during Pam Melroy’s space flight was …………………….
5. According to Melroy the space station is important because …………………….
6. ‘Being a rookie’ means …………………….
7. Sunita Williams donated her hair because …………………….
8. Sunita Williams broke the record of …………………….
9. Barbara had to wait for her turn to go into space because …………………….
10. Morgan’s work on the space shuttle was to …………………….

Answer:

1. she was sufficiently equipped for describing the long-term effects of zero gravity (zero-g).
2. her agility and quick motions were severely checked.
3. they came on board after they docked the aircraft with the International Space Station.
4. that it was the first time two women were incharge of two spacecrafts at the same time.
5. of the sheer act of sending humans into an extremely hostile environment in space.
6. an untrained recruit
7. she knew the trauma of cancer patients to fight the disease
8. Shannon Lucid’s previous endurance of space time.
9. in the tragic fall of Challenger in 1986, Morgan returned to Idaho to resume her teaching career. In August 2007, she blasted off in the shuttle for a 13-day mission as a full time astronaut.
10. operate the space station’s robotic arms and teach lessons via on board video about the life on space.

Question 5.
In your groups find out about the famous Indian astronauts and their achievements. Is there any woman astronaut in India ? Report your findings to the rest of the class.
Answer:
The Groups A, B and C found out information about the famous Indian astronauts that is given below :

1. Rakesh Sharma (Indian)
2. Kalpana Chawla (India born, U.S.A. Citizen)
3. Sunita Williams (India born, U.S.A. Citizen)

1. Rakesh Sharma

Rakesh was the first Indian and 138th person to travel in space. Sharma joined the Indian Air Force and progressed rapidly through the ranks. Sharma, then a Squadron Leader and pilot with the Indian Air Force, embarked on a historic mission in, 1984 as part of a joint space programme between the Indian Space Research Organisation and the Soviet Intercosmos space programme. He spent eight days in space aboard the Salyut 7 space station. Launched along with two Soviet cosmonauts aboard Soyuz T-ll on the 2 April 1984, was 35-year-old Sharma. During the flight, Sharma conducted multi- spectral photography of northern India in anticipation of the construction of hydroelectric power stations in the Himalayas. In a famous conversation, he was asked by the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi how India looked from space, to which he replied, Saare Jahan Se Achcha, (a reference to an iconic Urdu poem used in India’s freedom struggle, usually referred to as ‘Saare Jahaan se achcha Hindustan hamara,’ ‘our land of Hindustan, is the best of the entire world’).

He was conferred with the honour of Hero of Soviet Union upon his return from space. The Government of India conferred its highest gallantry award (during peace time), the Ashoka Chakra on him and the other two Russian members of his mission. Sharma and his backup, Wing Commander Ravish Malhotra, also prepared an elaborate series of zero-gravity Yoga exercises which the former had practised aboard the Salyut 7. Retiring with the rank of Wing Commander, Rakesh Sharma joined Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) as a test pilot at its Nashik Division. He was later based at the National Flight Test Center (NFTC) in Bangalore and worked on the indigenous Light Combat Aircraft program, among others.

2. Kalpana Chawla

Kalpana Chawla was the first Indian woman to travel into space and also the first Indian to perish in space. She graduated from Tagore School at Karnal, India in 1976 and was conferred the Bachelor of Science degree in aeronautical engineering from Punjab Engineering College, India, 1982. She did her Master of Science Degree in aerospace engineering from University of Texas, 1984 ; and Doctorate of Philosophy in aerospace engineering from University of Colorad, 1988. Her space flight experience on STS-107 COLUMBIA was the 16-day flight that was a dedicated Science and Research Mission. But STS-107 mission ended abruptly on February 1, 2003 when space shuttle Columbia and the crew perished during entry, 16 minutes prior to scheduled landing. Daughter of India, the famous astronaut and scientist, Kalpana dedicated her whole life to scientific and astronomic research. She finally laid her life as supreme sacrifice on the path of human service during the journey of the Space Shuttle ‘COLUMBIA’. Kalpana was selected as an astronaut in 1994. She had the highest number of hours, logged in space. She was honored with several posthumous awards like Congressional Space Medal of Honor NASA Space Flight Medal, NASA Distinguished Service Medal etc.

India’s Prime Minister Manmohan Singh announced on February 5, 2003 that the meteorological series of satellites, “METSAT”, will be renamed “KALPANA”.

3. Sunita Williams

Deepak Pandya who is Sunita Williams’ father is a famous neuroanatomist. Williams’ roots on her father’s side go back to Gujarat in India. She has been to India to visit her father on April 11,2007. She surpassed the record of 188 days and 4 hours set by Shannon Lucid in 1996.

Selected by NASA in June 1998, Williams began her training in August 1998. Her Astronaut Candidate training included orientation briefings and tours, numerous scientific and technical briefings, intensive instruction in Shuttle and International Space Station systems, physiological training and ground school. It was all to prepare for T-38 flight training, as well as learning water and wilderness survival techniques.

She surpassed Kathryn Thornton, who had three spacewalks, as the woman with the most spacewalks. Peggy Whitson later surpassed her for woman with the most spacewalks. Following a period of training and evaluation, Williams worked in Moscow with the Russian Space Agency on the Russian contribution to the ISS, and with the first expedition crew sent to the ISS. Following the return on Expedition 1, Williams worked within the Robotics branch on the ISS Robotic Arm and the related Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator. She was a crewmember on the NEEMO 2 mission, living underwater in the Aquarius habitat for nine days in May 2002.

As of 2008, Williams served as NASA’s Deputy Chief of the Astronaut Office. She was assigned as a backup crew member for Expedition 30 to the International Space Station to be flown in 2011 and was to be the Commander of Expedition 32, a six-month mission scheduled to begin in the spring of 2012.

Like many astronauts, Williams is a licensed amateur radio operator, having passed the technician class license exam in 2001. She was issued the call sign KD5PLB by the Federal Communications Commission on August 13, 2001. She used one of the two amateur radio stations aboard the ISS when she talked with school children.

In September 2007, Sunita Williams visited India. She went to the Sabarmati Ashram, the ashram set up by Mahatma Gandhi in 1915, and her ancestral village Jhulasan in Gujarat. She was awarded the Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Vishwa Pratibha Award by the World Gujarati Society. She is the first person of Indian origin who is not an Indian citizen to be presented the award. She also visited her cousin’s home on her nephew’s birthday. On October 4, 2007.

She has the following awards and honors to her credit :

• Navy Commendation Medals (twice)
• Navy and Marine Corps Achievements Medal
• NASA Space Plight Medal
• Humanitarian Service Medal
• Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Vishwa Pratibha Award

Question 6.
You are very impressed by the achievements of the women astronauts and decide to give a speech on how Indian girls should also make a mark in this field. Write the speech. The following points may help you make your speech interesting :

– Start with a suitable salutation (Good Morning )
– Think of an impressive introduction (a quote/a humorous story/questions, etc.)
– List out the points that appealed to you in the article
– List out the reasons why there are hardly any women in the Indian space programmes
– Think of ways in which this can be changed
– Think of an interesting conclusion

Answer:

The following inputs will help you write the speech :
<
Good Morning friends

Stepping in space may not be your dream. But do you ever wonder how does it feel to be in zero gravity ? Secondly, when other women can go into space, why can’t you? You, too, can make a mark like them.

Men and women from America and Russia have been flying in space since 1961. They have proved that humans can live and work successfully in space even for months at a stretch. Inspired by them ; Peggy Whitson, Pamela Melroy, Sunita Williams, Barbara Morgan have also set new records. With her 195 days in space, Sunita broke Shannon Lucid’s previous endurance record-until Peggy Whitson broke both women’s records in 2008.

It is heartening to note that they exhibited exemplary performances while repairing broken satellites, improvising new procedures when things went wrong in space. Even Kalpana Chawla’s indomitable spirit inspires millions of aspiring astronauts. Peggy Whitson is a walking laboratory for the long-term effects of zero gravity. Indian women have made a mark all over the world as engineers, scientists and doctors. But it is amazing that Indian women are nowhere on the list of space achievers. However, many have done marvelously well in fields where men could show their might.

Space flights are expanding. But there are hardly any women in the Indian space programmes. This may be due to the prevailing unfavourable conditions like poor infrastructure, gender-biased society and cultural inhibitions. Sheer dedication, strong academic background, mental and physical fitness and, of course, practical skills do certainly help to reach the final destination.

You know it well that we live in the 21st century where mindsets are changing for the better. Therefore, do not stop just because the task is daunting. It is difficult, but not impossible. There are great names to seek inspiration from ie, Kalpana Chawla and Sunita Williams. They have made India proud with their unflagging spirit and wonderful work done. Their achievements can certainly inspire you as well.

So, young girls, gear up for the space mission. Be, pilot astronauts or astronaut researchers. It requires your grit and courage to become an astronaut. Your friends have been flying aircraft and fighter bombers. You, too, can be responsible for the crew, the integrity of the space-flight-and its mission.

International Space Station welcomes you all heartily. You must dare to reach the frontiers of space and even beyond. Best of luck to you all!

Thank you very much.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 3 Chapter 3 Space Travel help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 3 Chapter 3 Space Travel, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 1 Chapter 1 Do Indians Get Enough Sleep ? are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 1 Chapter 1 Do Indians Get Enough Sleep ?.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 10
Subject	English Main Course Book
Chapter	Unit 1 Chapter 1
Chapter Name	Do Indians Get Enough Sleep ?
Category	NCERT Solutions

CBSE Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 1 Health and Medicine Chapter 1 Do Indians Get Enough Sleep ?

TEXTUAL EXERCISES

Question 1.
Now that you have read a substantial part of the feature article, work with your partner and jot down at least five reasons that, according to you, are mainly responsible for Indians today not getting the desired quota of sleep each night. Share your views with other pairs of students in your class.
Answer:
Five reasons responsible for Indians today not getting the desired quota of sleep each night are :

1. worries due to fast pace of life
2. relating to living problems
3. to and fro travel from home and office
4. trying to catch up with time
5. worries about studies, career, peer competition
6. absence of proper and balanced food
7. gap between what mind thinks and what actually is available
8. ambitions without proper props
9. parents discrimination

Note : Students to add a few more from their side and share their views with the other pairs of students.

Question 2.
On the basis of your reading of the article, answer the following questions :

(a) The direct result of lack of sleep is _____.
(b) Why is it important for physicians to ‘wake up’ to sleep disorders ? How will it help ?
(c) What do you understand by sleep deficit ? Why does the amount of sleep required to rejuvenate people vary from one person to another ?
(d) Why does the writer refer to the ‘early to bed …’principle ?

Answer:

(a) sleep disorders/many ailments.

(b) It is important for physicians to ‘wake up’ to sleep disorders because sleep disorders are behind many ailments. If sleep history is considered in evaluating a patient, it will help greatly in diagnosing the ailments.

(c) By ‘sleep deficit’ I mean the sleep that should have been there but was not had due to various reasons. The amount of sleep required to rejuvenate people varies from person to person. It is so because the physiological aspects and living conditions are different from one to another.

(d) The writer refers to the ‘early to bed …’ principle because it is just the best for a healthy person. However, it may not be possible today.

Question 3.
Now, write a letter to your school going younger brother or sister who is sleep deprived. Advise him or her to make life style changes to his/her daily schedule in order to get the desired hours of sleep daily.
Work in pairs and follow the CODER (Collect, Organize, Draft, Edit, Review) steps recommended for writing.

Language Tips :
(a) Remember to use the imperative form of sentences mostly.
E.g. “Drink a lot of water and take at least a fifteen minute stroll after dinner on a regular basis.”

(b) For the sake of introducing variety into your writing, use other forms of sentences making statements or asking questions, but consider the possibility of using modals like “should”, “must”, “may”, “might”, etc or using words or expressions that we usually employ when we advise others.
E.g. “You are recommended / advised to ……………… ”
“You ought to…”
“You must not forget to…”
“It is important to…”

Answer:

98-Sector 14A
Rohini, New Delhi
15 September, 20 – –

My dear Anil

I hope everything at your end is fine. I have learnt that you have started being sleep deprived due to various reasons. It is really very sad to know. There may be some valid reasons. However, I am sure if you change your life style, you can remain healthy.

First of all, I would say that sleep deprivation may be called the mother of all diseases. Leaving the reasons behind it aside you must think more of changing your daily routine. For instance, you must go to bed and rise at fixed times. Eat a balanced diet. Avoid junk food, avoid eating street food. Take plenty of water. Dwell more on eating your homemade food. Play for some time in between doing your homework. Don’t view television for I longer hours. Avoid sitting before the computer for hours together and in one posture. Snatch a few minutes in between, if you have to use it, and stretch your body. Avoid the effect of any peer competition. Stop giving a long rope to unrealistic goals.

I am sure if you pursue your goal with a strict regularity you’ll enjoy a sound sleep. You’ll also succeed in your goals.

Yours sincerely
_________________

Question 4.
(a) Phrasal verbs are “multi-word verbs”. These verbs consist of a basic verb + another word or words. The other word (s) can be prepositions and/or adverbs that modify or change their meaning. For example ‘give up’ is a phrasal verb that means ‘stop doing’ something, which is very different from ‘give’. In the article that you have just read there are a few phrasal verbs like :

• pull off : Manage to do something difficult or tricky/to steer or turn a vehicle off the road
• roll down : roll down (something) or roll (something) down : to move (something) down especially by turning handle
• head for : to go or cause to go (towards)
• woke up : arose from sleep/realized

Now look through the unit of Health and Medicine, figure out the phrasal verbs that you come across and list them.

Answer:

Some more phrasal verbs from the Unit are given below :

(b) Find words from the article which mean the saine as the following :

Answer:

Question 5.
Read the concluding part of the article on whether we get enough sleep these days.

Concluding Part of the Article

SUMMARY

Sleep is very important for one’s health. Without it we can invite health problems, like heart disease, diabetes, obesity and depression.

Stanley Coren, noted professor of psychology and author of‘Sleep Thieves’, says that not sleeping enough can affect one’s immune system. He says that the immune system works best when one is sleeping. Then natural killer cells are generated. These are produced in the bone marrow and found in the blood and lymph fluid. They are the part of the body’s defence mechanism against viruses etc, even cancer.

In a study conducted in Turkey it was found that after 24 hours of sleep deprivation these natural killer cells declined by 37%. In another study in the U.S.A. this percentage was 72%. This activity returns to normal when we begin to get proper sleep. But sleep deprivation does more damage to our immune system.

Dr. Michael Sole, a Canadian cardiologist, says that there is a higher rate of heart failure among people with sleep disorders and sleep disturbances. He emphasises that C-reactive protein is tjie evidence that indicates the heart disease risk.

Researches in various universities all over the world have discovered that sleep loss can reduce the body’s ability to regulate hormones etc. In a study at the University of Chicago sleep from eight hours a night was reduced to four hours. They noted changes in bodies. Sleep disturbances disturbed glucose in tolerance and insulin resistance causing heart diseases. Dietician Ramona Josephson notes that insufficient sleep may effect three hormones contributing to obesity. Increased hormones resulting from sleep loss make us eat more.

Sleep is important in keeping waistline trim. It also ensures a balanced brain activity. During sleep brain neurotransmitters get replenished. In the absence of sleep these brain chemicals become depleted. This leads to emotional disturbances like depression, anxiety, sadness, anger and irritation.

Question 6.
Find the words from the final part of the above article that you have just finished reading which mean the same as the words or group of words given below.

(a) Vital, very important (para 1): (i) _________

(b) the quality of being prone to or open (ii) _________
to dangers, like a disease or infection or a weakness (para 1):

(c) a wide range (para 1) : (iii) _________

(d) very badly in a damaging way (iv) _________
(para 4):

(e) a problem that has persisted for (v) _________
quite some time (para 5):

Answer:

(i) crucial
(ii) susceptibility
(iii) array
(iv) adversely
(v) chronic

Question 7.
Choose the appropriate options to complete the sentences below.

1. Lack of sleep

(a) decreases laziness.
(b) weakens the body’s capacity to combat diseases.
(c) helps youngsters do well in their examinations.
(d) prevents a person from gaining weight.

2. Natural killer cells

(a) make a person look old pretty quickly.
(b) are produced in large numbers when we stay awake.
(c) help us fight viruses and bacteria.
(d) work well even for sleep-deprived people.

3. C-reactive protein

(a) when produced more in the body causes heart failure.
(b) prevents us from having a good night’s sleep.
(c) helps us to sleep peacefully.
(d) assists in destroying natural killer cells.

4. If we don’t sleep well,

(a) we may lose our appetite.
(b) we may become very thin.
(c) our brain may stop functioning in a balanced manner.
(d) production of brain chemicals increases.

Answer:

1. (b) weakens the body’s capacity to combat diseases.
2. (c) help us fight viruses and bacteria.
3. (a) when produced more in the body causes heart failure.
4. (c) our brain may stop functioning in a balanced manner.

Question 8.
Lack of sleep has a direct effect on the production of three hormones and brain neurotransmitters, which in turn has a bearing on our health. Complete the table below to show the above.

Answer:

(i) appetite-suppressing (hormone) (weakness)
(ii) in obesity/suppressing appetite
(iii) hunger pangs
(iv) increase in hunger pangs
(v) stress (hormone)
(vi) increase in fat storage
(vii) get depleted,
(viii) sadness, anger and irritation, depression etc

Question 9.
You have read about sleep deprivation and the ill effects it has on human beings. There are other work areas where youngsters remain sleep deprived and fall a pray to ill health. Listen carefully to some of the comments made about the business process outsourcing (BPO) sector which is part of the IT-enabled industry and do the activity. [Page 239 and 240 of Main Course Book]


WORD-NOTES

While you listen, complete the following statements by choosing the right option :

1. According to the speaker, call centre work is insensitive because :

(i) the people cannot go to the toilets and need to concentrate very hard
(ii) the people are expected to attend to all the calls that come through to them
(iii) it requires unflagging concentration throughout the day with minimum breaks for meals or visits to the toilet
(iv) the people are expected to work on the computer all day long

2. People working at call centres are not allowed to leave their desks because :

(i) the managers do not want them to waste time smoking
(ii) they have to attend the calls which come in one after the other
(iii) they have to work at their computers all day long
(iv) they are paid very well

3. The targets that have to be met by the call centre employees have been called unrealistic because :

(i) they have to attend to too many calls in one day
(ii) they have to attend to double the calls than call centre workers in other countries
(iii) it is not humanly possible to attend all the calls that come through to them
(iv) the employees fall sick after working at these places

4. Closed circuit cameras have been installed in these offices to monitor

(i) whether the workers are smoking
(ii) whether the workers are resting at their desks
(iii) whether the workers are attending their calls without wasting a minute
(iv) whether the workers are visiting the toilets too often

5. The statistics about the health problems suffered by these people are

(i) 13%-headaches, 3%-eye fatigue, 23% indigestion and constipation
(ii) 3%-headaches, 13%-eye fatigue, 23% indigestion and constipation
(iii) 23%-headaches, 3%-eye fatigue, 13% indigestion and constipation
(iv) 13%-headaches, 13%-eye fatigue, 23% indigestion and constipation

6. That most people are not happy with their jobs in a call centre can be inferred from the fact that:

(i) they are under constant surveillance
(ii) they have to speak incessantly on the telephone
(iii) they have to stare at the computer screen all day long
(iv) they do not stay in the job for more than three years

Answers:

1. (iii) it requires unflagging concentration throughout the day with minimum breaks for meals or visits to the toilet
2. (ii) they have to attend the calls which come in ‘one after the other
3. (ii) they have to attend to double the calls than call centre workers in other countries
4. (iii) whether the workers are attending their calls without wasting a minute
5. (ii) 3%-headaches, 13%-eye fatigue, 23% indigestion and constipation
6. (iv) they do not stay in the job for more than three years

Question 10.
You have listened to the woes of working in a call centre. There are a number of other jobs which involve health hazards. However, modern advancements and developments in various therapies have improved our living conditions. Given below are different view points. In groups of four, discuss and add to these views :

Answer:

Meant for classroom activity. A sample of discussion is given below :

A : I personally feel that today the pace of life has become very fast. There is a lot of stress and pressure in everybody’s life …………

B : I agree with A. I see that a student has to cope up with lot of homework, peer competition, meeting parents’ ambitions etc. Don’t you see how students spend a day ? They have become the beasts of burden due to the stress of studies.

A : Then see the adults ! Do you see cheerfulness and joy on their faces ? Never ! They are always under stress and tension. This takes even small moments of joy from their lives. Worries of life have simply made them mad ………..

C : I am sorry, I don’t agree with you. They may be stressed but it is their own doing. I think that today men are more comfortable than their ancestors. See the advancement in every field of human activity. However, means of travel, medical facilities, health awareness, availability of medicines, new therapies etc, have increased life expectancy.

D : I agree with C. People today are more aware about their health. In the past we didn’t have yoga classes in parks etc. Now people are health conscious and do yoga and other physical exercises and eat a balanced diet.

E : Besides this, laughter therapies are there. We see adults laughing and clapping. These therapies have been found really beneficial for today’s stress and tension. Even absence of stress, you know, helps in keeping good health.

C : I feel that today human beings are comfortably placed in life than their ancestors. This all is because of scientific and technological advancement in almost every branch of life. Then education has brought a kind of revolution. Old treatises of medicines have been translated. Ayurvedic, Homeopathic and Unani medicines have rendered a great service to human health.

D : I see that there is no point in being pessimistic. We must live life full and with a positive outlook. We must sleep well, eat well and laugh and laugh. Of course, we mustn’t shun our work as work is worship…

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 1 Chapter 1 Do Indians Get Enough Sleep ? help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 1 Chapter 1 Do Indians Get Enough Sleep ?, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 4 Chapter 5 Geological Heritage are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 4 Chapter 5 Geological Heritage.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 10
Subject	English Main Course Book
Chapter	Unit 4 Chapter 5
Chapter Name	Geological Heritage
Category	NCERT Solutions

CBSE Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 4 Environment Chapter 5 Geological Heritage

TEXTUAL EXERCISES

Working to save a Geological Heritage

Question 1.
Look at the photograph given below. This is The Three Stooges, a bizarre rock formation that can be found in Goblin Valley. There are some exceptionally unique rock formations all over the world.

A. Why do you feel such geological structures should be preserved?

(a) _______________________________________
(b) _______________________________________
(c) _______________________________________

Answer:

(a) They reflect our glorious past.
(b) They are our national heritage.
(c) They can be places of tourists’ attraction.

B. What are the threats to such structures ?

(a) _______________________________________
(b) _______________________________________
(c) _______________________________________

Answer:

(a) Global warming
(b) Natural disasters
(c) Weathering and erosion.
(d) Using stones or rocks as building material in towns and cities.

Question 2.
The box below contains ten words from the passage. Use them appropriately to fill the blanks in the sentences that follow :

1. While food production has shown only marginal improvement, the demand for food grains, vegetables and fruits has registered an ______ growth the world over, forcing governments to initiate urgent measures to establish a balance between supply and demand.

2. To construct the ______ structure, the builder had to use enormous quantities of concrete.

3. When he returned from the office, he ______ himself in an armchair and asked for a cup of tea.

4. When the teacher saw a student perched ______ on the branch of a tree, she asked him to climb down immediately.

5. The newly appointed office assistant earned the praise of her colleagues for the ______ with which she completed the tasks assigned to her.

6. The new office building was ______ with its bright and fashionable exterior.

7. The pensioner did not get his dues in time on account of the ______ of the officials.

8. The land ______ the post office was procured by the authorities for expanding the building that housed it.

9. Merchants stock up on goods during festival seasons to meet the ______ demand and declare discounts when the sales slacken.

10. During wars armies dig up ______ passages for the movement of troops and supplies unseen by the enemy.

Answer:

1. exponential
2. mammoth
3. ensconced
4. precariously
5. alacrity
6. snazzy
7. apathy
8. abutting
9. booming
10. subterranean

Question 3.
On the basis of your comprehension of the text fill in the following table.
Answer:

(a) Importance of rocks

Aesthetic importance :

(a) True heritage of Hyderabad
(b) Fascinating shapes
(c) Mind-capturing

Ecological importance :

(a) Helpful in formation of lakes and ponds
(b) Create natural drainage system of the area
(c) Preserve and nurture bio-diversity and ecological balance

(b) Threats to the geological heritage.

Causes

1. Expansion of cities
2. Illegal and indiscriminate quarrying

Effects

1. Depletion of green cover, flora and fauna.
2. Depletion of underground water table.

(c) The hope

(i) The efforts of ‘Society to Save Rocks’ led to ……….
the addition of nine rock formations in Regulation No. 13 of Hyderabad Urban Development Authority for the protection of Heritage Buildings Precincts.

(i.i) Challenge to the efforts of‘Society to Save Rocks’ comes in the form of …………..
indifference and apathy of government to conserve rocks as well as conflict between development and protection in the city.

(ii) Individuals have made efforts to preserve the heritage by ………….
integrating rocks by the side of their houses into the structures of their homes and interiors.

Question 4.
Select a historical site in need of conservation, research about its historical significance, identify the threatening factors and suggest ways of preserving the geological heritage. Prepare a power point presentation and make a presentation to the class. (This can be done in groups)

Answer:

POWER POINT PRESENTATION ON RAM SETHU

• Image Taken by NASA
• Published in Daily Hindustan

Ram Sethu

• Space images taken by NASA reveal a mysterious ancient bridge in the Palk Strait between India and Sri Lanka. The recently discovered bridge currently named as Adam’s Bridge is made of chain of shoals, c. 18 mi (30 km) long.

Historical Significance :

• The bridge’s unique curvature and composition by age reveals that it is man-made. The legends as well as Archaeological studies reveal that the first signs of human inhabitants in Sri Lanka date back to the primitive age, about 1,750,000 years ago and the bridge’s age is also almost equivalent.

Sri Rama and history of Ram Sethu

• Sri Ram was born three yugas ago as per Hindu religious books, so there could be places of the era of Sri Ram. The fact that there was a monument built during the era of Sri Ram was very heartening and encouraging.

Contemporary Researches :

• Geological Survey of India (GSI) has sent a team of scientists to Rameswaram to confirm the authenticity of the picture of RAM SETHU taken by NASA.
• The GSI team, having reached Rameswaram, Dhanushkodi and studying the place shown in the picture, confirmed the underwater formation of rocks attached to each other and described those rocks as old as one lakh years. For further study and excavation, they proposed a detailed project involving marine and scientific assistance and a budget of ₹ 100 crore.

Threatening Factors and Efforts to protect the Ram Sethu

• The news that Sethusamundram Project will be implemented by destroying Ram Sethu is like a severe jolt to us all.
• People and many NGO’s are launching movements against the Sethusamudram Project all over India.
• Every effort is being done to Protect Ram Sethu.
• The destruction of Ram Sethu is not only an insult to Indian culture, but it will also deprive lakhs of fishermen of their livelihood.
• We will have to fight for the cause of protection of Ram Sethu using our united powers.

Question 5.
Prepare a poster on ‘Let’s Preserve Our Heritage’
Remember

• to include both textual and graphic elements
• to make it easy to read
• to make it easy to understand
• to try for :
  20% text
  40% graphics
  40% empty space

Answer:

Students to prepare a poster keeping in mind the above and using the above information. One is given on the next page.

POSTER 

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 4 Chapter 5 Geological Heritage help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 4 Chapter 5 Geological Heritage, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 2 Chapter 2 Educating the Girl Child are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 2 Chapter 2 Educating the Girl Child.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 10
Subject	English Main Course Book
Chapter	Unit 2 Chapter 2
Chapter Name	Educating the Girl Child
Category	NCERT Solutions

CBSE Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 2 Education Chapter 2 Educating the Girl Child

TEXTUAL EXERCISES

Question 1.
Working in pairs, answer the following questions :

• Name two states with the lowest female literacy.
• Name two states with the highest female literacy.
• Name two states that rank second in female literacy.

Answer:

• Jharkhand and Bihar
• Kerala and Mizoram
• Delhi and Goa

Question 2.
What do you think are the causes for female illiteracy in India ?

• ……………………………………………………………………….

Answer:

• superstitions
• ignprance
• poverty
• traditions
• dowry
• male-dominated society
• attitude towards women

Question 3.
Read the following short story The whole world came together
Answer:
Students to read the text on their own as desired.

Question 4.
On the basis of your reading of the story and the discussion between the girls in the following picture, have a whole class discussion on-The Need to Recognize and Empower the Girl Child.
Answer:
Classroom activity. Discussion as desired to follow under the guidance of class teacher.

Some more information relating to the subject is given below to help in the discussion :

Present situation of the girl child—the negative side

• birth of a girl child not received well because of various beliefs, customs and traditions like dowry, a burden on parents – financially etc. – dependent, weaker sex etc.
• practices like female foeticide, female infanticide, son idolization, girl not seen as the propagator of one’s dynasty, etc.
• girl child education a drain on one’s parents, treated a burden till married off.
• an object of consuming, of sex only, and not an equal partner in the drama of life but as a propagator of one’s dynasty

Changed scenario—the positive side

• women breaking the age-old shackles of superstitions, dowry, being weaker sex- emerging as more than equal men in various fields of life.
• women now engineers, entrepreneurs, business tycoons, pilots, army officers, planners etc, have proved as efficient, honest officials.
• have proved their worth not less than that of men in terms of skills, intelligence, hard work, endurance, mental and physical strength.
• scene changing now—female-dominating families—compulsory education for girl child
• opening of more girl schools, colleges, universities due to govt planning for girl children and their indispensability for human survival programmes like Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan and its provisions real tools for the education, upliftment of girl child.
• women now on the forefront in every field of human activity-albeit more than men.

Question 5.
Read the following extract on Girl Child Education
Answer:
Students to read the text on their own.

Question 6.
On the occasion of Women’s Day, your school Literary Club organizes a Speech Competition on the topic-“Empowering the Girl Child is the Best Way to Empower the Nation.” On the basis of the input given above and your own ideas, draft the speech.

When giving your speech :

• Stand
• Make sure you look at every member of your audience while speaking
• Use questions, so as to involve your audience e.g. “Did you know that ………. ?” “I wonder how many of you are aware ……… ?”
• Speak up so that everyone can hear you
• Pause occasionally
• Don’t talk too fast

Answer:

Worthy judges, teachers and dear students

Today I, Shruti, stand before you to speak on “Empowering the Girl Child is the Best Way to Empower the Nation” on the occasion of Women’s Day today.

I submit that a woman sits at the centre of a family. If she is educated and enlightened about everything she can take the family forward socially, economically and, of course, morally. You’ll see that if a family progresses this way, a district progresses, a state progresses and, finally, the country progresses.

You’ll agree with me that such a stage of complete progress due to a woman is yet to be gained. However, I feel strongly that we have discarded many age-old superstitions and beliefs against a girl child, like she is a burden etc. Discrimination against a girl child still takes place in villages but not much in cities. Then there is a whole range of discriminatory practices. These are female foeticide, female infanticide, son idolization, early marriage and dowry. Girls are not seen as the propagators of one’s dynasty.

But as the time passes such things are left behind. You’ll agree with me if I say that today women are not behind men in any way. There are women entrepreneurs, pilots, doctors, army officers, planners, politicians and what not. They have truly shown their worth by their sincerity, dedication and devotion. It is all due to government policies like Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan or ‘Education for AH’. Today’s woman has woken up to her rights and responsibilities. I wonder how many of you are aware that we have had amongst us the most powerful women in the world in Smt. Pratibha Singh Ex-President, and Smt. Sonia Gandhi as ex-chairperson of UPA ! But much is to be done though we have more girl schools, colleges, universities etc. Since women are equal partners in every way, they need to be recognized as indispensable and equal. Their being empowered will mean empowering the nation.

Thank you very much.

Question 7.
Girls’ Enrolment:
Answer:
Students to study the data and understand it.

Question 8.
Did you note that in spite of the Government’s initiatives and provisions made for the girl child, the statistics shown in the enrolment position of girls in primary and upper primary are not very encouraging. Write a letter to the editor of a national daily, expressing your concern about the issue and the need to work on a war footing to counter the problem of poor enrolment of girls.

Answer:

24th September, 20 – –
The Editor
The Times of India
New Delhi
Subject : Problem of poor enrolment of girls in schools and suggestions thereof

Dear Sir

Kindly publish the following views of mine on the problem of poor enrolment of girls in primary and upper primary in the appropriate columns of your esteemed daily.

It is sad that we have not yet been able to ensure gender parity in the field of education despite our best efforts. The data available showing the enrolment of girls in primary and Upper primary have not been much encouraging. For instance, during the years 1999-2001, not much percentage was seen. In the year 2001-2003 there was a slight increase from 44.2 to 46.8 in primary and from 41.7 to 43.9 in the upper primary. Then in the years 2003-2005 there was slight increase only.

From this it is clear that the age-old beliefs about the girl child as a burden on parents still grip the minds of the parents. For this dowry, son idolization etc, are more responsible than any other reasons. We need social workers to eradicate such stupid beliefs from the minds of the parents. If we want to bring dynamic changes in the mindset of the people, girls should be educated. Their education holds the key to a large number of problems. The education of girls means the education of a whole family. The empowerment of women through programmes like Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan is needed the most. Old centres of power of men stand now invaded by women.

But not much has been done. There is still a need of awakening about what women can do to fight the bias against girls. These are like reservation of women in seats of power. So all govt, and non-govt, agencies need to work on a war footing to counter the problem of poor enrolment of girls.

Thanking you
Yours faithfully
____________

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 2 Chapter 2 Educating the Girl Child help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 2 Chapter 2 Educating the Girl Child, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English First Flight Poem Chapter 10 The Tale of Custard the Dragon are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English First Flight Poem Chapter 10 The Tale of Custard the Dragon.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 10
Subject	English First Flight Poem
Chapter	Chapter 10
Chapter Name	The Tale of Custard the Dragon
Category	NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English First Flight Poem Chapter 10 The Tale of Custard the Dragon

TEXTUAL QUESTIONS
(Page 132)

Thinking About the Poem

Question 1.
Who are the characters in this poem ? List them with their pet names.
Answer:
Here is the list of Characters of this poem :

Name of the Character	Pet Name
Little black Kitten	Ink
Little grey mouse	Blink
Little yellow dog	Mustard
The dragon	Custard

Question 2.
Why did Custard cry for a nice safe cage ? Why is the dragon called “cowardly dragon” ?
Answer:
Custard cried for a nice safe cage because he was coward. He was called “cowardly dragon”. All other animals laughed at him for being so. He did not like that. So he cried for a nice safe cage.

Question 3.
“Belinda tickled him, she tickled him unmerciful…” Why ?
Answer:
Belinda tickled Custard because a pirate had come there. He had pistols in his hands. She tickled Custard to save her from the pirate.

Question 4.
The poet has employed many poetic devices in the poem. For example: “Clashed his tail like iron in a dungeon”—the poetic device here is a simile. Can you, with your partner, list some more such poetic devices used in the poem ?

Answer:

Similes :

— the little yellow dog was sharp as Mustard
— Belinda was as brave as a barrel full of bears
— snorting like an engine
— He went at the pirate like a robin at a worm

Question 5.
Read stanza three again to know how the poet describes the appearance of the dragon.
Answer:
Stanza three of the poem describes the physical side of the dragon. By stating his ‘big sharp teeth’, ‘spikes’ and ‘scales’, the poet makes him fearful.

Question 6.
Can you find out the rhyme scheme of two or three stanzas of the poem ?
Answer:
The rhyme scheme is : first stanza — aa bb , second stanza — aa bb

We can identify it by putting a to one sound and b to another one. In stanza first house and mouse have / s / sound. We put aa to these. In third and fourth line it is / n / sound in wagon and dragon. We put bb to these.

Question 7.
Writers use words to give us a picture or image without actually saying what they mean. Can you trace some images used in the poem ?
Answer:
Some images are in stanza third (physical image of Custard). In stanza eight we can almost see the picture of the pirate. In stanza ten, it is that of an ‘engine’. It is also of the fighting image of soldiers.

Question 8.
Do you find The Tale of Custard the Dragon to be a serious or a light-hearted poem ? Give reasons to support your answer.
Answer:
It is a light-hearted poem. The animals have been treated as human beings. Then they pose before each other what they are not. When the danger comes, they run off. Again, when they come together, they pretend of their bravery.

Question 9.
This poem, in ballad form, tells a story. Have you come across any such modern song or lyric that tells a story ? If you know one, tell it to the class. Collect such songs as a project.
Answer:
It is meant for individual student. They should collect such poems and tell them to the class.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English First Flight Poem Chapter 10 The Tale of Custard the Dragon help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English First Flight Poem Chapter 10 The Tale of Custard the Dragon drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 3 Chapter 2 Plugging into Future are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 3 Chapter 2 Plugging into Future.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 10
Subject	English Main Course Book
Chapter	Unit 3 Chapter 2
Chapter Name	Plugging into Future
Category	NCERT Solutions

CBSE Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 3 Science Chapter 2 Plugging into Future

TEXTUAL EXERCISES

Question 1.
In this section you will read about the old gizmos, which your father or grand-father would have used. Try to compare these gizmos with the ones you have been using. Work in pairs and discuss the change.

Answer:

The comparison between the gizmos used by grand parents and the gadgets used by the modern generation is apparent by the pair discussion given below :

Student A : The gramophone which my grandpa used is kept in the living room. It is there along with the phone that used to operate on wire system.

Pupil B : Same at my grandfather’s house. The gramophone and the table phone are now just showpieces.

Pupil C : They must have been filed in the condemnation registers.

Pupils A and B : Come on ! They are the envoys of celebrities like Amitabh Bachchan and Dilip Kumar who can buy them at exorbitant rates. But yes, now we are addicted to iPods and iPhones. They are trendy and just incredible.

Pupil A : I feel that the function of Gramophones had a limited range.

Pupil C : An iPod is a fancy piece of music playing technology. It has a nice music ; delivery mechanism for business communication ; educational module ; on and so forth.

Pupil B : Even the iPhone 4 has two cameras. It can function as a video camera and a camera phone with text messaging and visual voice mail. This is simply incredible. Due to these features it has become very popular with the youth.

Pupil C : I am amazed at the speed of the technology being changed. Everyday there are new gadgets. Take mobile; now it is a mini computer. It is replacing desktops and laptops.

Question 2.
Work in groups of four and give a one minute presentation on the latest gadgets that you have been using or your parents are using at home. Write any two advantages and disadvantages the new gadget has over the old one.
Answer:

The life-style of a modern family unit has undergone a desired change. The latest gadgets that they use are given below :

1. 3G, 4G Mobile phone
2. Compact disk
3. iPod
4. iPhone

1. (a) The advantages and disadvantages that a ‘mobile phone’ has over the ‘pager’ are given below :

Pager versus Mobile Phone

Advantage	Disadvantage
Pager first portable communication device received short text messages Mobile Phone modem gadget with attractive features wide network coverage ability of data transfer and voice calls	voice calls could not be made limited coverage area data transfer was not possible radiations are injurious to health disturbance caused by tele-marketing calls hearing liable to be impaired due to usage for long hours

(b) The one-minute presentation on the ‘Nokia Craze’ is given below :

Respected teacher and friends

I present before you the latest craze of the new generation. The teenage addiction today is the mobile-phone. Let me share my opinions about the Nokia craze.

The market is flooded with numerous brands of mobile smart phones. These are like Samsung, Sony Ericsson, Blackberry, Motorola. But the overwhelming response of Nokia dominates the gadget world. The multi-purpose handset is the pulse of the new generation. Easy internet access services, data interpretation, video calling and video conferencing prove a boon to their hectic life-style. These also allow them to be in touch with the social network. They tend to get lost in its absence. It really comes in handy during emergent times ; nonetheless, leisure is also best utilised by playing games and listening to music, even FM. It has indeed become a vital part of their lives.
Thank you.

2. (a) The advantages and disadvantages that a Compact Disk has over the Floppy Disk are listed below :

Floppy disk versus CD (Compact Disk)

(b) The one-minute presentation on the Compact Disk is given below :

Respected teacher and friends

Let me share my views on the Compact Disk.

A CD is an optical disc used to store digital data. It was originally developed for storing digital audio. It is a standard physical medium for commercial audio recordings.

CD-Rs rewritable media remain widely used technologies in the computer industry. CD-RW disks need to be blanked before reuse. Full blanking removes traces of the former data. But CDs are susceptible to damage both from normal use and environmental exposure. However, the scratches on the clear side can be repaired by refilling them with similar refractive plastic, or by careful polishing. It can write data to multiple times. It is, in fact, a media storage solution of highest quality and compatibility.

Thank you.

3. The one-minute presentation on the iPod is given below :

Respected teacher and friends

Another gadget that has swept off the feet of the modern generation is the iPod

I wish to share my views on the latest gadget, iPod. iPod is the latest craze designed and marketed by Apple. Being a portable media player, everyone wants to get their hands on this fancy piece of music playing technology. Well! that seems quite fine and dandy. But they are really a good gift idea for a teenager. Listening to an MP3 player is extremely exciting. You find people listening to some nice music, learning new languages through MP3 recordings. It is just thrilling to own it. You can listen to music while you study, travel to and from school, when you exercise or before you go to sleep, to relax. This list goes on. Besides earning a reputation as a respected entertainment device, the iPod is also accepted as a business device. It is used as a delivery mechanism for business communication and training. iPods have also gained popularity for their use in education though they have been criticized for their short life span and fragile hard devices.

Thank you.

4. The one minute presentation on the iPhone is given below :

Respected teacher and class-fellows

Advancement is the vogue of the day. There are four generations (4G) of iPhone models. The first iPhone was unveiled on January 9, 2007 and released on June 29, 2007. The original iPhone was a GSM phone. It established design precedents like screen size and button placement that have persisted through all models. The iPhone 3G added 3G cellular network capabilities and A-GPS location. The iPhone 3GS added a compass, faster processor, and higher resolution camera, including video. The iPhone 4 has two cameras for Face Time video calling and a higher-resolution display. It was released on June 24, 2010. On January 11, 2011, Apple and Verizon together launched a CDMA 2000 compatible iPhone 4. It was launched specifically for the Verizon network in the US, released on February 10, 2011.

An iPhone can function variously. It can function as a video camera, camera phone with text messaging and visual voicemail, a portable media player, and an Internet client with e-mail, web browsing, and both Wi-Fi and 3G connectivity. The user interface is built around the device’s multi-touch screen, including a virtual keyboard rather than a physical one. Third-party as well as Apple applications are available from the App Store. These launched in mid-2008 and now has well over 300,000131 “apps” approved by Apple. These apps have diverse functionalities, including games, reference, GPS navigation, social networking, security and advertising for television shows, films and celebrities.

Thank you.

Question 3.
Here is a list of innovative inventions. Read them and match them with the visuals by writing the correct numbers in the blanks given by the side of the visuals.
Answer:
No quesions asked

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 3 Chapter 2 Plugging into Future help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 3 Chapter 2 Plugging into Future, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English First Flight Poem Chapter 9 Fog are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English First Flight Poem Chapter 9 Fog.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 10
Subject	English First Flight Poem
Chapter	Chapter 9
Chapter Name	Fog
Category	NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English First Flight Poem Chapter 9 Fog

TEXTUAL QUESTIONS
(Page 115)

Thinking About the Poem

Question 1.

1. What does Sandburg think the fog is like ?
2. How does the fog come ? (V. Imp.)
3. What does ‘if in the third line refer to ?
4. Does the poet actually say that the fog is like a cat ? Find three things that tell us that the fog is like a cat.

Answer:

1. The fog is like the little cat sitting with her knees bent.
2. The fog comes silently and slowly.
3. ‘It’ in the third line refers to the cat and the fog as well.
4. The poet does not say it. But he means it through a metaphor.

The three things are : (a) The fog comes (b) It sits on little haunches (c) It then moves on.

Question 2.
You know that a metaphor compares two things by transferring a feature of one thing to the other (See Unit 1).
(i) Find metaphors for the following words and complete the table below. Also try to say how they are alike. The first is done for you.

Storm	tiger	pounces over the fields, growls
Train
Fire
School
Home

(ii) Think about a storm. Try to visualise the force of the storm, hear the sound of the storm, feel the power of the storm and the sudden calm that happens afterwards. Write a poem about the storm comparing it with an animal.

Answer:

(i)

Train	snake	moves on its rail	hisses
Fire	dragon	destroys	roars
School	temple	teaches, instructs	ringing bells
Home	cave	gives protection, safety	comfort

(ii) Students can write a poem on Storm as asked for.

Question 3.
Does this poem have a rhyme scheme ? Poetry that does not have an obvious rhythm or rhyme is called ‘free verse’.
Answer:
The poem does not have a rhyme scheme. It is a free verse.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English First Flight Poem Chapter 9 Fog help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English First Flight Poem Chapter 9 Fog drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 4 Chapter 4 A Tale of Three Villages are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 4 Chapter 4 A Tale of Three Villages.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 10
Subject	English Main Course Book
Chapter	Unit 4 Chapter 4
Chapter Name	A Tale of Three Villages
Category	NCERT Solutions

CBSE Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 4 Environment Chapter 4 A Tale of Three Villages

 

TEXTUAL EXERCISES

Question 1.
Now that you have each read one of the stories above, first complete the appropriate column of the table below. When you have done that, ask the other two students in your group about the stories you have not read. For example, ask “In which country did your story take place ? What type of pollution is there ?” When it is your turn to give information, only do so when the other two students ask you questions. As you receive the answer, complete the other two columns.
Answer:

	D.1	D.2	D.3
Country	Nigeria	India	Ukraine
Cause(s) of pollution	poisonous chemicals in drums	tanneries	explosion in Chernobyl nuclear power station
Who is responsible ?	factories in Italy	leather factory owners	government; maintenance engineers
Consequences	13 people died	soil pollution ; crops cannot grow; nearest fuel 10 km away	many deaths; mass evacuation; barren fields no bird activity
What do you think should be done to solve the problem ?	—stop developed countries from dumping poisonous chemicals into developing countries in the name of export. —resettle the people from Koko Village elsewhere.	tanneries required to treat dangerous chemicals before discharge into the streams, tanneries to instal devices to purify smoke at the source before spewing out into the atmosphere	stop using nuclear power

Question 2.
Work in groups of three, and answer the following questions :

Koko Village, Nigeria

• Why do you think there are “three large, empty metal drums” outside Mr. Nana’s front door ?
• Why do you think the drums were sent from Italy to Nigeria ?
• What do you think was in the brown paper bag that the Chief received ?
• Why are the drums referred to as “the mountain of death” ?

Answer:

• Perhaps Mr. Nana brought them there, planning to use them for some domestic purposes or his children rolled them there.
• The drums were sent from Italy to Nigeria because it is easier dumping chemical in Nigeria than in Italy. Secondly, because, perhaps, the factory owners were not allowed to dump them there in Italy.
• It was money.
• They are referred to as “the mountain of death” because they are piled on top of each other very high-like a mountain. They are a sure and definite source of causing death.

Ponnimanthuri Village, India

• Vijayasama and the narrator both refer many times to “they”. Who do you think “they” are ?
• Why do you think the women of the village have to walk 10 km everyday ?
• Why does Vijayasama say: “We don’t buy leather shoes or leather handbags or leather clothes” ?

Answer:

• They are the factory owners.
• The women of the village have to walk 10 km everyday to find wood for fuel and/or get clean drinking water.
• Vijayasama says it because the villagers do not at all benefit from having the tanneries nearby. They (the villagers) are poor and cannot afford to buy leather shoes, leather handbags or leather clothes. Perhaps, they don’t need them at all seeing the poor and miserable life they lead.

Vorobyov Village, Ukraine

• Why do you think Natasha’s three children died ?
• Where do you think Natasha lives now ?
• What do you think is going to happen to Natasha very soon ? Why ?

Answer:

• Natasha’s three children died because of radiation poisoning.
• She now lives in Moscow.
• Natasha is going to die soon.
• She is poisoned by radiation.

Question 3.
Still working in groups of three, find any ten “happy” words and ten “unhappy” words from the passages you have just read. First, copy and complete the table below :

Note : Students to select 10 words, as asked for.

	“happy” words	“unhappy” words
Koko village, Nigeria	picturesque, colourful stream, playful, smiling, brightest	skull and crossbones symbol, corroded, slimy… leaking out, badly, fallen down, smoking, swelling, bursting, mad, poisonous, frowning, troubled, died, pain, terrible pain, deaths, sick
Ponnimanthuri Village, India	green, good, jobs, rich, grow, rivers	wistfully, monsters, spluttered, anger, ominous- looking, black, shroud, thick, black, smoke, silent, chemicals, arsenic, discharged polluting, poison dumped, ulcers, sores, tailed off
Vorobyov Village, Ukraine	birthday, lovely, warm, played, laughing, chewed, neighed	explosion, worry, white smoke, nervously, tears slid, pinched, pale, radioactive dust, vomit, hair fell out, thin, sores, died, broke down, cried, bur­ied, ghost, barren

Now give reasons why you have classified them as “happy” and “unhappy” words.

Answer:

This activity is meant to be done at class level.

‘Happy’ and ‘unhappy’ words are mainly due to their corresponding situations. The same thing occurs here.

Question 4.
The Ecological Footprint

The situation is not hopeless. There are lots of things we can do to reduce our impact on the planet ! Fill in the worksheet given below to measure your ecological footprint.

My Ecological Footprint
Worksheet : Measure Your Impact

Answer:

Activity	Resource(s)	Low	Usage   Medium & High
Brushing my teeth	Water	1
Having a bath	Water, soap, shampoo		2
Commuting to school	Bus, car			3
Watching Television	T.V.			3
Visiting Friends	Public trans­port, car		2
Using computer	Computer, electricity		2
Using Fans/Air conditioners/Coolers	equipment, electricity			3
Cooking	L.P.G., electricity			3
Entertainment	T.V., cinema		2
Subtotals (add up each column and write the subtotals in the boxes)		1	8	12
Total Score (add all the subtotals)	21

Score : 21 (beginning of the stage Dumping Dinosaur)

The above Table has been filled as desired. Rating is : Dumping Dinosaur Besides this, another new table in answer to question 1 under Instructions has also been given.

Resource(s)	Usage
	Low	Medium	High
1. Water, soap, shampoo towel, underwear etc.	—	2	—
2. transport like bus, car, auto, van using petrol, operators resulting in wear and tear	—	—	—
3. television, cable connection T.V. sky (DTH) with technology manpower etc.		2
4. transport used with associated resources	—	2	—
5. Computer, Internet (all associated technology)	—	2	—
6. Fans/ACs/coolers + electricity, water (resources used in generating electricity, cables transmission etc.)	—	—	3
7. Fuel in the form of LPG, electricity utensils, raw food, vegetables etc.	—	—	3
8. Cinema, T.V., sky-T.V., playing, visiting Zoos, Parks, tourist destinations, clubs discotheques etc + manpower coupled with infrastructure, electricity, gadgets etc.	—	—	3
9.	2	10	9
10.	21

Score : 21 (beginning of the stage Dumping Dinosaur)

Question 5.
How could you improve your score ?
How could you improve your score ? Also reflect on the ways in which the waste produced in carrying out some of the activities above is disposed of

My Ecological Footprint
Worksheet: How could you improve your score ?

What changes could you make in your daily activities at school and at home to improve your score ? Use the table below to write down ways of using less energy, less water and making less waste.

Use Less Energy	Use Less Water	Make Less Waste
Turn off the light when there is no one in the classroom or bedroom (a)	Don’t leave the water running when brushing (b)	Put the rubbish in the recycling bins (c)

Answer:

Use Less Energy	Use Less Water	Make Less Waste
Turn off the light when there is no one in the classroom or bedroom (a) — using public transport instead of personal one — using computer only when it is necessary — using energy saving utensils like pressure cooker — using TV for less time	Don’t leave the water running when brushing (b) — using water necessary for cooking — taking a bath in showers — no car wash, only dry-cleaning with one bucket — water harvesting —  using showers for watering the plants if grown in kitchen garden —  kitchen waste water to be used for irrigating plants in flower pots etc.	Put the rubbish in the recycling bins (c) — using cyclable material only — no use of plastic bags — using shopping bags made of jute or cloth — old clothes, shoes etc,to be donated

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 4 Chapter 4 A Tale of Three Villages help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 4 Chapter 4 A Tale of Three Villages, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 3 Chapter 1 Promise for the Future : Renewable Energy are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 3 Chapter 1 Promise for the Future : Renewable Energy.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 10
Subject	English Main Course Book
Chapter	Unit 3 Chapter 1
Chapter Name	Promise for the Future : Renewable Energy
Category	NCERT Solutions

CBSE Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 3 Science Chapter 1 Promise for the Future : Renewable Energy

TEXTUAL EXERCISES

Question 1.
In A.2 you will read about alternate sources of energy. Before doing so find out how much you already know about renewable sources of energy. Complete column A, to indicate whether you think each statement is True (√), False (x), or whether you do not know (?) After reading the passage, complete column B in the same way.
Answer:
No questions asked

Question 2.
Now go back to A.I. and complete column (B). How much did you know already before you read the article ?
Answer:

Statements	(A)	(B)
(a) Solar energy is a powerful source of energy	True	True
(b) Electric battery operated cars are more powerful than those run on fossil fuels	False	True
(c) EV stands for electric vehicles	True	True
(d) Driving an electric vehicle is stressful	False	False
(e) Solar power can be the next source of pollution in the world	False	False
(f) India is one of the countries with a great potential for generation and use of solar energy	True	True
(g) Using alternate sources of energy can help India save a lot of money spent in foreign exchange	True	True

Question 3.
Complete the following blanks with information from the passage :

(a) India receives 5000 trillion kWh/year which means ________ .
(b) The advantages of using solar energy instead of fossil fuels is that it is ________ .
(c) It is important to find means of keeping air and noise pollution in urban areas under control because ________ .
(d) Tax exemptions and subsidies are required to ________ .
(e) The media can help by ________ .

Answer:

(a) that the country can get 5000 trillion kW of solar energy in a year. It is far more than its annual energy consumption.
(b) renewable, clean and easily available
(c) of ever increasing pollution levels which is harmful for human race
(d) promote the usage of electric vehicles
(e) playing its role in educating the public about alternate fuel vehicles and their advantages.

Question 4.
Copy and complete the following table with the required information from the passage
Answer:

Points of Comparison	Internal Combustion Engine	Electric Motors
1. Pollution	emits more	emits less, clean and smog-free air
2. Engine efficiency	less energy efficient	more energy efficient driving easier
3. Peak power generation	cannot generate at low speed	can generate even at low speed
4. Recharging	not possible, fresh fuel every time	rechargeable, possible at home also
5. Maintenance	high maintenance cost	low maintenance cost

Question 5.
Based on your reading of the passage say whether the following statements are True or False :

(a) EV’s have the potential to flourish in India
(b) EVs degrade with time
(c) EVs can create health hazards
(d) EVs cannot drive fast because they have only two pedals
(e) Solar power will not last for a very long time in our country
(f) Establishing Solar Power generating units is too expensive

Answer:

(a) True
(b) False
(c) False
(d) False
(e) False
(f) True (cost of equipments is costly)

Question 6.
You are going to listen to a presenter discussing three new inventions-The Solerickshaw, the Green Phone and the Solar Water Purifier. As you listen complete the notes given below :

Answer:

I. Solerickshaws

1. Features
(i) pedal-operated
(ii) motor-assisted three-wheeler
(iii) battery powered by solar energy
(iv) zero-carbon urban transport vehicle

2. a team of Engineers from the Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (CMERI), Durgapur, West Bengal.

II. Green Phones

1. Blue Earth developed by → Samsung
(i) back with → a full solar panel
(ii) made from → recycled plastic
(iii) CO₂ emissions monitored by → built in pedometer
(iv) fits into → your pocket

2. Coral 200

(i) powered by → Solar energy
(ii) fits → into your pocket and your budget
(iii) made by → ZTE the Chinese mobile manufacturer
(iv) talk time fifteen minutes for every one hour of sunlight

3. LG

(i) three mins, of talk time for ten minutes of sunlight
(ii) Bluetooth solar car kit called → HFB-500
(iii) features
(i) hands-free
(ii) fully rechargeable unit

III. Solar water purifier

1. First type features

(i) twelve volt water purifier
(ii) more potable

2. Second type features

(i) distillation without electricity
(ii) relatively inexpensive
(iii) process of distillation

(a) water heated by → sun rays
(b) water condensation on → the underside of solar panel
(c) impurities collected in → a box
(d) water collected in → a trough
(e) from trough into → the collection bottles
(f) germs and bacteria killed by → UV rays from the sun.

Question 7.
You have listened to a presentation on three new inventions. One of them is solar water purifier. The stages of water purifier can be set in a flow-chart. Copy and complete the following flow chart with the stages in their correct order.
Answer:

Stages in correct order :

1. solar panel is placed on top of a rectangular shaped box
2. box filled with unpurified water
3. sun rays heat the water
4. water condenses on the underside of the solar power
5. impurities of water remain in the box
6. slope of the panel allows water to be collected in the trough
7. bottles collect water from trough

Question 8.
Now read that portion of the listening text describing the solar distillation system :
Answer:
No question asked.

Question 9.
Below is a flow chart describing the process of making rubber. Use it to help you copy and complete the process description that follows it. Remember to use the simple present tense, a mixture of actives and passives, and to add sequence markers where you see
Answer:
First rubber trees are planted in deep soil. When the trees are cut, fully the containers are attached to, the bark of the tree ….. and containers are filled with latex. The latex is collected and is sent to the factory. Here it is coagulated by treating it with acetic acid. The coagulated mass is then separated. It is then pressed into blocks or rolled into sheets. After that blocks or sheets are dried in a current of warm air.

We use Simple Present Tense along with sequence markers. Yes, we have used mixture of actives and passives.

• The tense used was Present Tense
• Sequence markers were used
• Both Active and Passive Voices were used

Question 10.
You have been gifted a new cell phone which is powered by solar energy. Write an email to your friend describing the phone and all its exciting features. You may use the notes that you have made in A.7.
Answer:

Date : May 11, 20 – –
From : renumalik@gmail.com
To : mehakgupta@yahoo.com
Subject : New Cell phone : Solar 777

Dear Mehak

I hope my letter will find you all, in the best of health and spirits. I was mightily thrilled to receive two books ‘The Tinkler’s Question’ and ‘The Immortals of Meluha’ that you sent lately.

I apprise you of the most wonderful gift that has made a difference to me. I am sure it will also change the mindsets of the entire country, once it becomes popular. The new cell phone ‘SOLAR’ 777 is powered by solar energy. Realising the side- effects of mobile-phones, many manufacturers are going green while others are going solar. Three cheers for Samsung that has introduced the solar-powered phone. It is a touch phone that has full solar panel on its back. This panel can generate enough power to charge the phone. It has a built-in pedometer to keep a tab on the carbon dioxide emissions. And …more important, it fits into your pocket and your budget constraints. It provides fifteen minutes of talktime for every hour of sunlight. Isn’t it a wonderful invention ?

I shall gift you Coral 200, a solar-powered handset from Chinese mobile manufacturer ZTE on your birthday.

Bye ! Stay in touch.
Your friend
Renu

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 3 Chapter 1 Promise for the Future : Renewable Energy help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 3 Chapter 1 Promise for the Future : Renewable Energy, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Footprints Without Feet Chapter 10 The Book that Saved the Earth are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Footprints Without Feet Chapter 10 The Book that Saved the Earth.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 10
Subject	English Footprints Without Feet
Chapter	Chapter 10
Chapter Name	The Book that Saved the Earth
Category	NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Footprints Without Feet Chapter 10 The Book that Saved the Earth

TEXTUAL EXERCISES

Read and Find Out (Pages 63 & 65)

Question 1.
Why was the twentieth century called the ‘Era of the Book’ ? (V. Imp.) (CBSE 2011)
Answer:
The twentieth century was called the ‘Era of the Book’. It was because there were books about everything. These were from anteaters to Zulus. Then books taught the people almost everything.

Question 2.
Who tried to invade the earth in the twenty-first century ?
Answer:
The Martian people (Mars) tried to invade the earth in the year 2014.

Question 3.
What guesses are made by Think-Tank about the books found on earth ? (V. Imp.)
Answer:
Think-Tank first states that the books have been found on earth. These may be ‘sandwiches’. These may be for eye communication. Finally, these are ‘high explosives’.

Think About It (Page 74)

Question 1.
Noodle avoids offending Think-Tank but at the same time he corrects his mistakes. How does he manage to do that ? (V. Imp.)
Answer:
Noodle is Think-Tank’s deputy. Think-Tank says that books on the earth are ‘sandwiches’. But Noodle says they are ‘communication devices’. Think Tank agrees to it. Secondly, Think-Tank says that the ‘sandwiches’ are ‘communication devices’ as told by Noodle.

Question 2.
If you were in Noodle’s place, how would you handle Think-Tank’s mistakes? (V. Imp.)
Answer:
If I were in Noodle’s place, I would handle Think-Tank’s mistakes like Noodle. Noodle points out Think-Tank’s errors and corrects them. So shall I. Then he does so politely. So I shall also do so.

Question 3.
Do you think books are being replaced by the electronic media ? Can we do away with books altogether ? (CBSE 2011)
Answer:
Yes, I think that books are being replaced by the electronic media. These are called Compact Discs (CDs). But CDs can’t replace books. Books are permanent sort of things. They can never disappear. On the contrary, CDs are liable to corruption. Then they can blank out through a virus.

Question 4.
Why are books referred to as a man’s best companion ? Which is your favourite book and why ? Write a paragraph about that book.
Answer:
Books are referred to as a man’s best companion. They are permanent. Human friends can deceive, cheat or kill. But books can’t do so. They will continue to give advice after advice as the time passes.

My favourite book is The Ramayana. It is a treasurehouse of rich human values and virtues. All good human qualities are shown in it. These are shown through various characters. They are not characters but symbols. The real human aspect of human life is given in it. Then the fight between good and evil is also there. The book is actually all about how one should live life. Lord Rama is the symbol of a king and a good human being. Sita is a queen and an ideal woman. Lakshman is the symbol of a brother. Ravana is the symbol of evil. A fight between good and evil is shown in the book. Essentially, the book guides us about how life should be lived. Also how life can be made good for living.

Talk About It

Question 1.
In what ways does Think-Tank misinterpret innocent nursery rhymes as threats to the Martians ? Can you think of any incidents where you misinter¬preted a word or an action ? How did you resolve the misunderstanding ? (Imp.)
Answer:
Think-Tank misinterprets innocent nursery rhymes as threats to the Martians. He hears the nursery rhyme of‘Mistress Mary … row’. He hears the words ‘garden’, ‘cockle shells’ and ‘silver bells’ in it. He means that the Earthlings have discovered how to combine agriculture and mining. They can also grow high explosives. Secondly, he hears ‘Humpty Dumpty …’. He sees his picture. From this he concludes that the Earthlings are after his life and Mars.

It so happened that a father-in-law told his daughter-in-law one thing. If she didn’t behave like a responsible woman, both would have to fight legal battles. That would not be in the interest of both the families. But the daughter-in-law concluded that a divorce case was filed against her. Later the daughter-in-law realised her foolishness in ‘misinterpreting’. This brought things to normal.

Question 2.
The aliens in this play speak English. Do you think this is their language ? What could be the language of the aliens ?
Answer:
I don’t think the aliens’ language is English. Their language could be anything. But it would not any language found in this world. It may be dots, dashes, points etc. Or it could be anything. It depends upon imagination to think about it.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Footprints Without Feet Chapter 10 The Book that Saved the Earth help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Footprints Without Feet Chapter 10 The Book that Saved the Earth drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Footprints Without Feet Chapter 9 Bholi are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Footprints Without Feet Chapter 9 Bholi.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 10
Subject	English Footprints Without Feet
Chapter	Chapter 9
Chapter Name	Bholi
Category	NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Footprints Without Feet Chapter 9 Bholi

TEXTUAL EXERCISES

Read and Find Out (Pages 54, 55 & 58)

Question 1.
Why is Bholi’s father worried about her ?
Answer:
Bholi’s father is worried about Bholi. It is because she has neither good looks nor intelligence like his other children. He is worried that no one will marry her when she comes of the age.

Question 2.
For what unusual reasons is (was) Bholi sent to school ? (CBSE2011, 2015)
Answer:
Bholi is sent to school not for education. But she is sent to worry her teachers about her. Her parents don’t want her to trouble them. This is the unusual reason.

Question 3.
Does Bholi enjoy her first day at school ?
Answer:
Bholi does not enjoy her first day at school. It is because she is fearful of everything therein.

Question 4.
Does she find her teacher different from the people at home ?
Answer:
She finds her teacher different from the people at home. She finds the teacher’s voice soft and soothing. In all her life she had never been called like that. The teacher called her by her name.

Question 5.
Why do Bholi’s parents accept Bishamber’s marriage proposal ?
Answer:
The three reasons were : one, Bholi would be lucky to get such a jich bridegroom. Second, Bishamber did not ask for any dowry. He was ready to marry her. That wouldn’t be burden on Bholi’s father. Third, he had a big shop and a house of his own.

Question 6.
Why does the marriage not take place ?
Answer:
The marriage does not take place. It is because the bridegroom demands a dowry of five thousand rupees. Bholi refuses to marry such a person who demands dowry.

Think About It (Page 62)

Question 1.
Bholi had many apprehensions about going to school. What made her feel that she was going to a better place than her home ?
Answer:
Bholi was much afraid of school. She did not know what a school was like and what happened there. The teacher told her a thing. If she came to school, no one would laugh at her. People would respect her. She would also speak without a stammer. This made her feel that she was going to a better place than her home.

Question 2.
How did Bholi’s teacher play an important role in changing the course of her life? (CBSE 2011)
Answer:
Bholi’s teacher acted more than Bholi’s parents. She showed her great love and affection. She told her that if she came to school no one would laugh at her. People would listen to her with respect. And her schooling made her a complete woman. Bholi stood on her own legs. She faced the problems of life with confidence.

Question 3.
Why did Bholi at first agree to an unequal match ? Why did she later reject the marriage ? What does this tell us about her ?
Answer:
Bholi at first agreed to an unequal match because she was not asked. When her father asked her mother about her reactions, her mother called her ‘witless’. She said she was like a dumb cow. She won’t say anything.

She later rejected the marriage. It was because the bridegroom was demanding a dowry of five thousand rupees. This tells that Bholi understood everything through education. She now knew what was right and what was wrong for her.

Question 4.
Bholi’s real name is Sulekha. We are told this right at the beginning. But only in the last but one paragraph of the story is Bholi called Sulekha again. Why do you think she is called Sulekha at that point in the story ?
Answer:
Bholi is called Sulekha because she is now no more ‘Bholi’. ‘Bholi’ means a simple-hearted person. In the end, Bholi is not ‘bholi’. She is not a simple hearted person. But she is a confident woman. So she is called by her real name.

Talk About It

Question 1.
Bholi’s teacher helped her overcome social barriers by encouraging and motivating her. How do you think you can contribute towards changing the social attitudes illustrated in this story ?
Answer:
We can change social attitudes towards the differently-abled through maturity and awakening. These are,possible if education is provided to all. Actually such social attitudes towards such handicapped persons are more due to many things. These are: illiteracy, ignorance and baseless notions and beliefs. These can be set right through a proper education.

Question 2.
Should girls be aware of their rights, and assert them ? Should girls and boys have the same rights, duties and privileges ? What are some of the ways in which society treats them differently ? When we speak of ‘human rights’, do we differentiate between girls’ rights and boys’ rights ?
Answer:
The girls should be aware of their rights, and assert them. But they should equally be aware of their duties. Problems arise more when they assert their rights but become blind to their duties. There should be a balance between them.

Some of the ways in which society treats them differently are : discrimination between boys and girls, sons and daughters, giving preference to sons and ignoring daughters, providing good education to sons and ordinary to daughters. Also, the society treats women as inferior.

When we speak of “human rights’ we do not differentiate between the rights of girls and boys. In practice or reality, it may be a different story. Every ‘written thing5 can’t be the same in practice.

Question 3.
Do you think the characters in the story were speaking to each other in English ? If not, in which language were they speaking ? (You can get clues from the names of the persons and the non-English words used in the story.)
Answer:
I do not think the characters were speaking to each other in English. English is spoken only in cities, that too, in offices etc, not everywhere. This is clear from the use of many words. These words are : Numberdar, farmer’s household, village, parrot, mango orchard, cow, (village becoming a small town).

The local dialects or native languages are spoken in these places.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Footprints Without Feet Chapter 9 Bholi help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Footprints Without Feet Chapter 9 Bholi drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.