Category: CBSE Class 10

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Chapter 14 Julius Caesar are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Chapter 14 Julius Caesar.

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Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 10
Subject	English Literature
Chapter	Chapter 14
Chapter Name	Julius Caesar
Category	NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Chapter 14 Julius Caesar

TEXTUAL EXERCISES
(Pages 157 & 185)

Question 1.
Consult a dictionary and find out the difference between

(a) killing
(b) murder
(c) assassination.

Answer:

(а) ‘killing’ means : to cause the death of somebody or something
(b) ‘murder’ means : unlawful killing of a human being intentionally
(c) ‘assassination’ means : killing an important or famous person for money or for political reasons.

Question 2.
Popular and powerful leaders have been assassinated in the past and in recent times. Can you name some of them ?
• ……………………………………………………………………………..
Answer:

Question 3.
Discuss in groups the reasons why the leaders you named in (2) were assassinated. Is assassination the end to a problem ?

Have a group discussion on the topic in the context of past/present day political assassinations.

Introduction :
JULIUS CAESAR is the story of a man’s personal dilemma over moral action, set against
…………………………………………………………………………………
Answer:
Meant for classroom activity. A sample discussion is given below :

A : It is really very sad that great leaders and statesmen have fallen to the bullets of the assassins here and there.

B : They have been most powerful, popular statesmen and politicians of their times. They are Mahatma Gandhi, Indira Gandhi, Rajiv Gandhi, John F. Kennedy, Abraham Lincoln, etc.

C : What amazes me is what for they should be or have been killed !

D : It’s not difficult to know. I personally feel that political rivalry, vested interests, narrow-minded ideology and some political decisions have caused their assassina¬tions.

A : D is right in saying so. Let me elaborate here. Abraham Lincoln was assassinated for abolishing slavery. Rajiv Gandhi was bombed to death because he, as Prime Minister, had sent Indian troops to Sri Lanka ….

B : It is not necessary to debate over the reasons behind these assassinations. But the fact is that there is always good and evil. Without good, evil can’t be isolated and vice-versa. Political interests of the vested few are behind such heinous crimes ….

D : I beg to interrupt here. Let me know what had the great son of India, Mahatma Gandhi done to be assassinated ?

B : It’s not difficult to imagine. Again it is political expediency. Don’t think there was no evil in the golden period when Lord Rama ruled. Even then there were such persons in the form of Ravana. In fact, dualism is the order of nature, good-evil, day-night and life too.

A : As long as people are there, good people and evil people will be there. Such great leaders shall be born and their assassinators shall also be there. What are at the centre of assassinations are, I think, narrow-mindedness, parochial thinking, materialism, terrorism and sycophancy and orthodox ideology.

C : I agree with this.

Question 4.
The play Julius Caesar can be performed on the stage. The first step would be a reading of the play as a whole class. Your teacher will then have an audition and assign you roles. Later the play can be put up on the stage.

Given below are some suggestions and sites which may be visited for instructions regarding set-design, costumes and direction.

Answer:

Classroom activity.

Question 5.
Answer the following questions by ticking the correct options.

1. When Caesar says “Nor heaven nor earth have been at peace to-night” he sounds …………

(a) worried
(b) angry
(c) joyous
(d) frightened.

2. Caesar’s reference to the senators as ‘graybeards’ shows his …………

(a) confidence
(b) cowardice
(c) arrogance
(d) ambition.

3. Decius Brutus changes Caesar’s mind about going to the Senate by appealing to his …………

(a) ambition
(b) vanity
(c) greed
(d) generosity.

4. The offer that Cassius makes to Antony after Caesar’s assassination is that …………

(a) the conspirators would like to be friends with him
(b) he may take Caesar’s body to the pulpit and speak to the crowd praising Caesar for his achievements
(c) his recommendations will be as strong as that of the conspirators while distributing the powers and benefits to friends
(d) he may join the conspiracy against Caesar

5. Cassius tries to stop Brutus from letting Antony speak at Caesar’s funeral as he …………

(а) knows the Roman mob loves Caesar and Antony
(b) knows Brutus is not a good orator
(c) knows they should not have killed Caesar
(d) knows Antony is a good orator who can sway the mob.

6. What prophecy does Antony make over Caesar’s dead body ?

(a) Romans will see Caesar’s ghost roaming on the streets
(b) Rome will experience fierce civil war in which many people will die
(c) Rome will be ruled by Ate
(d) Roman women will smile at the death of Caesar.

7. After listening to Brutus’ speech, the Third Citizen says ‘Let him be Caesar’. This clearly shows he …………

(a) has not understood Brutus’ reason for killing Caesar
(b) loved Caesar more than he loves Brutus
(c) loves Brutus more than he loved Caesar
(d) thinks Brutus killed Caesar to assume power.

8. When Antony calls the conspirators ‘honourable men’ his tone is …………

(a) admiring
(b) flattering
(c) angry
(d) mocking

9. Antony’s reference to Caesar’s conquest of the Nervii is to …………

(а) remind the mob of Caesar’s greatness as a warrior
(b) make the mob feel afraid of being attacked by the war-like race
(c) make the crowd weep for Caesar who died at war
(d) stop and collect his emotions as he is feeling very upset.

10. Antony’s remark Mischief, thou art afoot,
Take thou what course thou wilt! shows him to be …………

(a) a ruthless manipulator
(b) an honourable man
(c) a loyal friend
(d) a tactful man

Answer:

1. → (a) worried
2. → (c) arrogance
3. → (a) ambition
4. → (c) his recommendations will be as strong as that of the conspirators while distributing the powers and benefits to friends.
5. → (d) knows Antony is a good orator who can sway the mob.
6. → (d) Roman women will smile at the death of Caesar
7. → (c) loves Brutus more than he loved Caesar
8. → (d) mocking
9. → (a) remind the mob of Caesar’s greatness as a warrior
10. → (d) a tactful man

Question 6.
Answer the following questions briefly :

(a) How do the heavens ‘blaze forth’ the death of Julius Caesar ?

(b) What does Calpurnia try to convince Caesar of ? (V. Imp.)

(c) Why does Calpurnia say ‘Caesar’s wisdom is consumed in confidence’ ? What does she mean ? (CBSE 2016)

(d) What does Calpurnia dream about Caesar ? How does Decius Brutus interpret the dream ? (V. Imp.)

(e) What are the arguments put forward by Decius Brutus to convince Caesar to go to the Capitol ?

(f) Why is Decius more successful than Calpurnia in persuading Caesar ?

(g) What is the petition put before Caesar by the conspirators ? How does Caesar respond to it ?

(h) Who says “Et tu Brute” ? When are these words spoken ? Why ? (V. Imp.)

(i) In the moments following Caesar’s death what do the conspirators proclaim to justify Caesar’s death ?

(j) Seeing the body of Caesar, Antony is overcome by grief What does he say about Caesar ?

(k) Whom does Antony call “the choice and master spirits of this age” ? Why ?

(l) How do Brutus and Cassius respond to Antony’s speech ? (V. Imp.)

(m) Why does Cassius object to allowing Antony to speak at Caesar’s funeral ? How does Brutus overcome this objection ?

(n) What are the conditions imposed by the conspirators before allowing Antony to speak at Caesar’s funeral ?

(o) When he is left alone with the body of Caesar what does Antony call Brutus and the others ?

(p) What prediction does Antony make regarding the future events in Rome ? (V. Imp.)

(q) What reasons does Brutus give for murdering Caesar ? (V. Imp.)
Or
How does Brutus justify Caesar’s assassination ? (CBSE 2015)

(r) Who says, “Let him be Caesar” ? What light does this throw on the speaker ?

(s) Why is Antony’s speech more effective ?

(t) At the end of the scene what is the fate of Brutus and Cassius ?

Answer:

(a) It is generally believed that when kings or princes die, a bright star plucks from the sky. It shoots and falls later. It leaves a blazing light behind it. So when Caesar was murdered, a star blazed forth in the sky.

(b) Calpurnia tries to convince Caesar that what she has seen in her dream means a danger to his life. So he must not go to the senate-house. He, in fact, must not leave home. Caesar doesn’t listen to her fear and is murdered.

(c) Calpurnia means by this that Caesar’s wisdom takes the form of confidence. Due to that he confuses wisdom with confidence. This over-confidence becomes the cause of his murder.

(d) Calpurnia dreamt that Caesar’s statue had a hundred spouts. Pure blood ran from them. Many strong Romans came smiling. They bathed their hands into it. She meant this as an ill-omen. So she feared for Caesar’s life and asked Caesar not to go to the senate-house that day.

But Brutus interpreted the dream differently. He said that the Romans’ bathing their hands meant that Caesar’s blood was his ‘spirit or influence’. It would be treated as a great thing. It shall serve as colours added to a coat of arms. Also it would be treated an object of reverence, mementos and a badge of service.

(e) First Brutus convinces Caesar that his blood will be used as a great thing of reverence by the Romans. They will revere it as souvenirs, coats of arm, etc. Secondly, if Caesar doesn’t go, the senators’ mind may change and they may not offer him the crown.

(f) Decius Brutus is more successful than Calpurnia in persuading Caesar. It is because he is his most trusted friend and a fellow Roman warrior. However, he has joined the conspirators. He has very good oratorical qualities. This is accepted by Caesar when he says that he has well expounded Calpurnia’s dream.

(g) The petition is of Metellus Cimber whose brother has been banished from Rome under law by Caesar. The conspirators want that Caesar should compromise his political right and authority. He should repeal the order of the banishment of Cimber’s brother. This will mean lowering of Caesar’s image as a great Roman. But Caesar doesn’t agree to repeal the order. He is fixed like the northern star and firm in his decisions.

(h) Caesar says these words “Et tu, Brute” (‘Even you, Brutus’) to Brutus who also stabs him with other conspirators. Critics say that Caesar was greatly shocked. He died due to the shock of Brutus’ stabbing. It was because Brutus was very close to his heart. Brutus could not be expected by Caesar to fall so low as to stab him. So Caesar was shocked due to Brutus’s ‘ingratitude’ as is given by many literary critics.

(i) The conspirators proclaim to justify that Caesar had become very ambitious to be a danger to Rome as a country. He had started becoming more and more powerful. In that case he was likely to harm the country for his ambitions. Brutus says that they killed Caesar for the love of Rome. If they had not killed him he would have made all the country a slave and all the countrymen as bondsmen.

(j) He says about Caesar many things of praise. He recollects his conquests, glories, triumphs and spoils. He calls him ‘mighty’ and wonders how ‘low’ he lies in his death. He calls him so great that he has shrunk to a little piece of ground. He calls him a ‘bleeding piece of earth’. He is ‘the ruins of the noblest man’.

(k) Antony calls the conspirators as ‘the choice and master spirits of this age’ with a taunt. He says so deliberately. He flatters them here as the situation demands. He sees that opposing them here would be murderous. So very cleverly he ‘flatters’ them here to outwit them later.

(l) Brutus says that Antony should not think that they are pitiless. He has a pitiful heart. They shall not kill him. But they shall receive him with ‘all kind love, good thoughts, and reverence’. Cassius says that Antony shall have a say in the disposing of new honours. In other words, they have no ill-will against Antony. They shall welcome him as a brave Roman warrior.

(m) Cassius objects to allowing Antony to speak at Caesar’s funeral. He feels that people may be moved against them by his speech. They may turn against them. Cassius’s fears come out true when Antony moves the mob against them. The mob ia now after the blood of the conspirators.

(n) The conditions are : Brutus shall be the first to speak. He shall show the reason of Caesar’s death. Second, whatever Antony speaks, he shall speak with their permission.

(o) When Antony is left alone with the body of Caesar he calls Brutus and others as ‘butchers’. He curses them ‘that shed this costly blood’.

(p) He predicts that a curse shall fall upon men. ‘Domestic fury and civil strife’ shall rage. Blood and destruction shall be common. Mothers shall smile (due to madness) when their infants shall be killed before their own eyes. All pity shall be choked. The Greek goddess of revenge shall rage in the streets with the spirit of Caesar taking revenge. Dead men will cry for burial due to this most foul deed of Caesar’s murder.

(q) Brutus gives various reasons for murdering Caesar. First of all, he says that Caesar was ambitious. He would have made everyone as his bondsman if he had lived. He loved Caesar, no doubt, but he loved Rome more. So Brutus states that they killed Caesar more for the sake of Rome and not for any personal reasons.

(r) The third citizen symbolizing the common Roman people says this line about Brutus. This line speaks much about the speaker, ie, the citizen. He offers a great respect to Brutus. He wants that Brutus should be made the king of Rome as Caesar was to be made.

(s) Antony’s speech is more effective because he appeals to the basic sentiments of the common people, ie, the mob. He very cleverly directs his speech towards Caesar’s greatness as a human being. He, in that way, arouses their basic instinct of revenge I against the conspirators. He does so by stating from his Will that Caesar has left his everything to them. And the conspirators call him ‘ambitious !’ This is really strange, he says.

(t) At the end of the scene, death, destruction, murder, fire etc, are meant for Brutus and Cassius. Antony has roused the mob against the conspirators. The Roman people run mad with fire to search and kill them. They even burn the houses of the conspirators.

Question 7.
Julius Caesar and Antony reveal something about their character in their words and actions. We also learn about them from what other people say. Can you pick out the words that describe them from the box given below ? Also, pick out lines from the play to illustrate your choice.

Answer:

Question 8.
In the play ‘Julius Caesar’, we meet the Roman mob. We find that as Brutus and Antony speak, the mob displays certain qualities and characteristics.

Given below are some characteristics of the mob. Complete the table by quoting the lines wherein these are revealed.

Answer:

Question 9.
Antony employs a number of devices to produce the desired effect on the mob. These devices maybe described as rhetorical devices. He first speaks in such a manner that it seems to the mob that he is in full agreement with Brutus about Caesar. Then step by step he moves away from Brutus’ position, depicting Brutus as a villain and Caesar as a wronged man. Copy and complete the following table by showing how Antony builds the argument in Caesar’s favour.

Antoy’s words	Argument
1. I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him.	Does not wish to eulogise Caesar
2. The noble Brutus Hath told you Caesar was ambitious : If it were so, it was a grievous fault, And grievously hath Caesar answer’d it.	Seemingly agrees with Brutus

Answer:

Question 10.
Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow :

1. Caesar : Cowards die many times before their deaths ;
The valiant never taste of death but once.
Of all the wonders that I yet have heard.
It seems to me most strange that men should fear ;
Seeing that death, a necessary end,
Will come when it will come.

(a) Whom is Caesar speaking to ? Why does he say these words ?
(b) What fears has the listener expressed ?
(c) What is the basis for the fears expressed ?

2. But here’s a parchment with the seal of Caesar ;
I found it in his closet, ’tis his Will:
Let but the commons hear this testament—
Which, pardon me, I do not mean to read—
And they would go and kiss dead Caesar’s wounds

(a) Who speaks these words ? Where is the speaker at this moment ?
(b) What are the contents of Caesar’s Will that he is referring to ?
(c) Why does the speaker read Caesar’s Will to the citizens ?
(d) What is the reaction of the listeners to the reading of the Will ?

Answer:

1. (a) Caesar is speaking to his wife Calpurnia. He says these words because Calpurnia has seen a horrible dream indicating Caesar’s death. So she requests him not to go to the senate-house and remain in the house.

(b) The listener Calpurnia has expressed her fear that her dream means danger to the life of Caesar. It indicates that Caesar may be killed or may die. This is the fear expressed.

(c) The basis is that Calpurnia has seen a horrible dream. In it she has seen the statue of Caesar having a hundred spouts. Pure blood ran out of them and Romans dipped their hands in it. These were ominous occurrences suggesting very bad times.

2. (a) Antony speaks these words to the mob. He is at the Capitol at this moment.

(b) The contents of Caesar’s Will are that he has given his everything to the people of Rome. These are his money, gardens and orchards.

(c) The speaker reads Caesar’s Will to prove that Caesar was not ambitious. So he shouldn’t have been murdered. On the other hand, he was a victim to their ill-will and jealousy of the conspirators.

(d) The listeners get agitated and violent. They now are after the bodies of the conspirators who have murdered Caesar in cold blood.

Question 11.
ACTIVITY

Stage a press conference that takes place shortly after Caesar’s death. The “reporters” should have their questions written down ahead of time to ask the students who play the roles of Brutus, Antony, and Cassius. These questions should focus on the key events in the play, as well as the characters’ intentions.

Answer:

This ‘Activity’ is basically to be stage-managed at the class level with the help and guidance of teachers. To facilitate it, we are giving below some ‘questions’ to be asked by the ‘reporters’.

Questions to be asked :

A. To Brutus

1. What precisely made you, being very close to Julius Caesar, kill him ?
2. You have a very popular image as the noblest of all Romans among the Roman public. What made you stoop down to the level of a murderer ?
3. How did you react when Caesar being stabbed called out ‘Et tu, Brute’ ?
4. Didn’t you feel bad in Joining the conspirators as they Symbolished ?

B. To Antony

1. You were moved undoubtedly by Caesar’s death but why did you join the conspirators ?
2. Did you plan beforehand to turn the tables against the conspirators ? If so, how did you do so ?
3. Did you know that you’d succeed in your plan to turn the mob against the conspirators ?
4. Why did you call Brutus as ‘the noblest of all the Romans’ even though you knew that he was not ?
5. You can be charged for inciting the Roman people against the state after Caesar’s death. What do you have to say about it ?

C. To Cassius

1. You are said to be the main conspirator. What precisely incited you to bear a grudge against Caesar that led to his assassination ?
2. How did you plan your conspiracy to murder Caesar and why ?
3. What forced you to make Brutus join the conspiracy even though you knew that he couldn’t be a party to your evil designs against Julius Caesar ?
4. You told Brutus not to allow Antony to deliver a funeral speech to the Roman people. But why didn’t you force him not to permit Antony to do so ?
5. You as the head of the conspirators have been successful in murdering Julius Caesar. Do you have any remorse or regrets ? What are your future plans now ?

Question 12.
QUESTIONS FOR FURTHER STUDY :

Given below are some questions based on reading of the play ‘Julius Caesar’. These questions are not for testing in the Exam. These are for a deeper understanding of the play and the characters.

(a) Why was the conspiracy to assassinate Julius Caesar hatched ?
(b) Was Caesar really ambitious ? Find evidence from the play to support your answer.
(c) What was Cassius’ motive for murdering Julius Caesar ?
(d) Why was it essential for the conspirators to include Brutus in the conspiracy ?
(e) What were the mistakes made by Brutus that led to the failure of the conspiracy ?
(f) Comment on Caesar’s friendship with Antony.
(g) Write a brief character sketch of Antony.
(h) What is the role of Julius Caesar’s ghost in the play, Julius Caesar ?
(i) Why does Antony call Brutus ‘the noblest Roman of them all’ ?
(j) How do Brutus and Cassius meet their end ?

Answer:

(a) The conspiracy to assassinate Julius Caesar was hatched by Cassius, Casca and others. The main reason behind it was ill-will, jealousy and hatred for Caesar. They didn’t like Caesar to become an emperor and assume more powers to himself. They were, thus, personally against Caesar. Brutus was cleverly made to join them. It was due to legitimize their intent to assassinate Caesar on political and national grounds.

(b) Caesar was not ambitious at all. If he was, why he should have bequeathed his everything in his Will and money for all the Romans. Secondly, when Antony offered him crown, he refused to take it as Antony says before the Roman people.

(c) Cassius’ motive for murdering Julius Caesar was pure ill-will, jealousy and hatred for Caesar as a popular king. He was an ambitious person by himself and wanted to be equal to Caesar.

(d) It was essential for the conspirators to give a stamp of legitimacy to their cause of murdering Caesar. Brutus was a man of noble ideas. Also he was very close to Caesar. His joining them was meant to show that they were right to kill Caesar as Brutus’s name stood for righteousness and fairness.

(e) Brutus allowed Antony to give Caesar a suitable funeral after giving a speech to the people at the Capitol. Second, his utter simplicity and belief in Antony. Third, his leaving him alone with Caesar’s dead body and the mob. Fourth, his not heeding Cassius’ fears in allowing Antony to speak to the people.

(f) Caesar was very close both to Marcus Brutus and Antony. Antony’s sincerity, devotion and closeness to Caesar is seen in what Antony does to Caesar after his death. He calls him ‘bleeding piece of earth’ and praises him for his ‘conquests, glories, triumphs, spoils’ etc. This speaks of his intense and personal loss in Caesar’s death. It is also clear in his turning the tables on the conspirators in a very subtle and flawless manner.

(g) Antony is a noble personality. He has all the human virtues of love, sympathy, sincerity, integrity, solidarity, devotion etc. He has got these good qualities. He doesn’t hesitate to take the maximum use in accordance with them. He is clever and shrewd. He knows how to manoeuvre the situations to his advantage. In this way, he is practical and pragmatic. (In the later part, he is in league with Octavius Caesar. He fights a war with the conspirators and saves the situation.) In that way, he avenges rightly the death of his friend and political mentor, Julius Caesar.

(h) The role of Julius Caesar’s ghost in the play assumes significance in the end. It appears before Brutus and Cassius in the battlefield when the armies of Octavius Caesar and Brutus’ are fighting. Both Brutus and Cassius get very much frustrated. They finally commit suicide.

(i) Antony calls Brutus ‘the noblest of them all’ because he doesn’t suffer from jealousy, grudge, ill-will, hatred, etc, as Cassius and Casca suffer from. He has been made to join the conspirators through crafty means. But he has got a very popular image in the Roman public. It is due to his nobility and justice-loving nature.

(j) Both Brutus and Cassius commit suicide due to the utter disillusionment in the battlefield. They are visited by the ghost of Julius Caesar.

Question 13.
A reporter covers the event of the assassination of Julius Caesar in the senate giving graphic details and a catchy headline. Write the newspaper report in about 200 words.
Answer:

Rome’s Sun Sets in Caesar’s Death

Rome : 20 B.C.—Today around 11 am, Rome’s Sun has set for ever in Caesar’s assassination by his own friends and faithfuls. It has been learnt from reliable sources that Caesar’s wife Calpurnia saw some uncommon and supernatural sort of dreams that night before Caesar was to become the crowned king. She dreamt of seeing blood drizzle upon the Capitol, shrieking of ghosts in the streets, yawning of graves, and : littering of a lioness in the streets. She begged of Caesar not to go to Senate that day as she feared for his life. But he went and was instantly stabbed to death by Brutus, Cassius and Casca. It is said that the most horrible death shock came to him from Marcus Brutus. He relied much on Brutus who was his closest friend. He had a great faith in him also. When he stabbed, Caesar cried, “Et tu, Brute”, that is, “even you, Brutus”. It is evident that Caesar may have been dead more from a psychological shock than the stabbing.

No one from Rome shall arise like Caesar and shine in the political firmament like a meteor. Caesar was an able general and a great conqueror who brought name and fame to Rome. He was to be crowned king after he had defeated the sons of Pompey. Surprisingly, he never craved for the throne. He declined the crown when Antony offered it to him. He was not ‘ambitious’ as he had been branded. If he had been, how come he would have given everything of his to the Roman people as Antony later read out his Will and testament ? Whatever may be the case, Rome has become an orphan in his death. Centuries will go when another Caesar shall be born again in Rome.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Chapter 8 Mirror are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Chapter 8 Mirror.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Chapter 8 Poem Mirror – detailed line by line explanation of the poem along with meanings of difficult words and literary devices used in the poem.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 10
Subject	English Literature
Chapter	Chapter 8
Chapter Name	Mirror
Category	NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Chapter 8 Mirror

TEXTUAL EXERCISES
(Page 97)

Pre-Reading Task

Question 1.
In pairs discuss the following questions :

(a) When do you generally use a mirror ?

(b) Is a mirror essential for us ?

(c) Given below is a list of possible reasons why a person uses a mirror. Tick (✓) the ones you agree with :

1. to check one’s appearance
2. to look beautiful
3. to make sure one is neat and tidy before going out.
4. to check for a pimple or a grey hair
5. to apply make-up
6. to make a phone call
7. as a decorative item at home.

Answer:

(a) I use a mirror when I have to go outside or to school or when I comb my hair. In fact, looking into a mirror has become a kind of habit when I go out. I do so as I feel that I should look proper, formal and presentable.

(b) It is not possible to do without a mirror. It is because one should look neat and tidy, and of course, presentable. To be so means one is civil and civilized.

(c) (i) ✓ (ii) × (iii) ✓ (iv) × (v) ✓ (vi) × (vii) ×

Question 2.
The teacher will now play a recording of the poem, hasten carefully and answer the questions that follow :
Answer:
Classroom activity.

Question 3.
On the basis of your understanding of the poem, answer the following questions by ticking the correct choice.

(a) When the mirror is being described as being ‘unmisted by love or dislike’ we understand that the mirror is

1. not misted
2. not prejudiced
3. has four angles
4. is silver in colour.

(b) The other word for ‘contemplation’ is……..

1. contempt
2. meditation
3. mediation
4. thoughtful.

(c) When the mirror says ‘it has no preconceptions’ it means that :

1. it reflects back an image objectively
2. it modifies an image as it reflects it
3. it beautifies an image as it reflects it
4. it gives a biased view of a person/object.

(d) The mirror has been called ‘a four-cornered god’ because :

1. it is square shaped
2. like God it watches you unbiased and fair from all four angles
3. it reflects back all that it sees
4. it never stops reflecting.

(e) The ‘speckles’ refer to :

1. a pink object
2. the opposite wall which has spots on it
3. a person with pink pimples
4. pink spots in general.

(f) The phrase ‘agitation of the hand’ suggests that the person is :

1. very ill
2. very upset
3. very angry
4. very happy.

(g) By saying ‘Now I am a lake’ the narrator wants to show that

1. the poem is not only about external beauty but also the inside of a person
2. the lake can also reflect surfaces
3. the depth of the lake is important
4. the lake does not show as exact an image as a mirror.

Answer:

(a) → (ii) not prejudiced
(b) → (ii) meditation
(c) → (i) it reflects back an image objectively
(d) → (ii) like God it watches you unbiased and fair from all four angles
(e) → (iv) pink spots in general
(f) → (ii) very upset
(g) → (i) the poem is not only about external beauty but also the inside of a person

Question 4.
Answer the following questions briefly
(a) What is the poetic device used when the mirror says ‘I swallow’ ?

(b) How does the mirror usually pass its time ? (V. Imp.)
Or
How, according to the poet, does the mirror pass its time ? (CBSE 2015)

(c) What disturbs the mirror’s contemplation of the opposite wall ?

(d) Why does the mirror appear to be a lake in the second stanza ? What aspect of the mirror do you think is being referred to here ? (V. Imp.)

(e) What is the woman searching for in the depths of the lake ? (CBSE 2014)

(f) How does the narrator convey the fact that the woman looking at her reflection in the lake is deeply distressed ? (CBSE 2015)

(g) What makes the woman start crying ? (V. Imp.) (CBSE 2015)
Or
Why does the woman start crying ? (CBSE 2014)

(h) What do you think the ‘terrible fish’ in the last line symbolizes ? What is the poetic device used here ? (V. Imp.)
Or
What does the phrase “terrible fish” symbolize in the poem “Mirror” ? (CBSE 2014)

Answer:

(a) The poetic device used in it is ‘personification.’ The mirror is shown as a human being which it is not. ‘Swallow’ shows the use of ‘metaphor’ in it.

(b) It usually passes its time ‘meditating’, or ‘contemplating’.

(c) What disturbs the mirror is the opposite wall that seems freckled and is like a painted one.

(d) The mirror appears to be a lake in the second stanza because like the lake it reflects back the images objectively and hides things. The dispassionate and objective reflecting capacity of the mirror is referred in it.

(e) The woman is searching for the beauty of her face in the depths of the lake. Once she was beautiful. But now she has grown old and is not what she was earlier. Now she doesn’t want to see her old and wrinkled face. So she searches for her old face of her youthful days.

(f) The narrator conveys the fact that the woman looks at her reflection in the lake. She is deeply distressed which is seen in her agitating hands. Secondly, she weeps and behaves like ‘a terrible fish’ over the loss of her beauty.

(g) The wrinkled old face without beauty makes the woman start crying. She wanted to see her face always youthful. But now it is not so as she has grown old.

(h) The ‘terrible fish’ symbolizes the woman agitating at the loss of her youthful beauty. She is now old and behaves like ‘a terrible fish’ at the loss of her youth. The poetic device used here is ‘simile’.

Question 5.
Read the poem silently and answer the following questions :

(a) List out the adjectives that have been used to describe the mirror. Add a few more adjectives to the list.

(b) In the second stanza why has the narrator replaced the mirror with a lake ? What is he/she trying to focus on ?

Answer:

(a) The adjectives are : silver and exact, cruel, truthful, four-cornered, important. Adjectives from our side: dispassionate, unshaken, appropriate, objective, impersonal, unmoved.

(b) In the second stanza the narrator has replaced the mirror with a lake. Like the mirror the lake reflects the things objectively. It also shows the objects objectified or reflected back like the mirror does.

Now the narrator is trying to give a different meaning to the woman’s looking in the mirror searching for the depths of her face. The lake does so when one looks into it. When the woman looks at her reflection a little closer she agitates. It is because now she sees her wrinkled face and not the youthful beauty that she once had. So she agitates at the loss of her youthful face. She is trying to focus on the loss of her beauty.

Question 6.
Find the various instances of personification used in this poem.
Answer:

Various instances of personification :

1. I am silver—as a human being
2. I am the eye of a little god—as a god
3. I am ‘a part’ of the wall—now a wall
4. ‘Now I am a lake’—as a lake.

Question 7.
Read the given lines and answer the questions that follow by ticking the correct choice :
A woman bends over me,
Searching my reaches for what she really is.
Then she turns to those liars, the candles or the moon.

(a) What is the woman bending over ?

1. the mirror
2. the lake
3. the opposite wall
4. the moon and the candles.

(b) Why have the candles and the moon been called ‘liars’ ?

1. because they make people beautiful
2. they hide the blemishes of people with their soft light
3. they hide the blemishes and make people look beautiful in their soft glow
4. they can’t talk.

(c) Why does she turn to them in spite of calling them ‘liars’ ?

1. the reality is too harsh for her to bear
2. she is desperately looking for someone to comfort her
3. she wants to be told that she is still beautiful
4. she can hide her signs of graying in their light.

Answer:

(a) → (i) the mirror
(b) → (ii) they hide the blemishes and make people look beautiful in their soft glow
(c) → (iii) she wants to be told that she is still beautiful

Question 8.
Imagine you are the mirror. Write a speech that you would like to deliver to the humans who come to see their reflection in you. You could begin like this ……

Good Morning dear humans

I feel honoured to have been given the opportunity to express my feelings and share my thoughts with you. As you know, all my life is spent in faithfully reflecting all that comes before my eyes …..

Answer:

… I reflect exactly what comes before me. I do not act false. I am always truthful. I do not help any human being in romanticising about him or her. I have grown old seeing many human beings growing old. Some speckles have come out on my exterior. These are like the wrinkles grown over the bodies of young men and women. Many women have come before me. They have behaved very strangely. They have tried to see in their faces what they had had once. Not finding them beautiful they have sadly shed tears many times over this loss. I have been in deep sympathy with them. However, I have always wanted them to be truthful like me. Times are powerful. Human beings at physical levels undergo changes with the passage of time in their bodies. They must be aware of this change and compromise with these physical changes. When they don’t compromise, I feel pity for them. Then truth must be accepted in every way. Going away from it is always painful.

Question 9.
Here is another poem on mirror. The narrator calls the mirror a ‘fibber’. How is this poem different from the poem by Sylvia Plath ? Have a class discussion on the comparison in terms of the theme, the tone and the language used.

Answer:
For classroom activity.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Chapter 8 Mirror help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Chapter 8 Mirror, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Chapter 3 The Letter are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Chapter 3 The Letter.

All questions and answers from the NCERT Book of class 10 English Chapter 3 are provided here for you for free.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 10
Subject	English Literature
Chapter	Chapter 3
Chapter Name	The Letter
Category	NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Chapter 3 The Letter

TEXTUAL EXERCISES
(Pages 22 & 29)

Question 1.
Look at the picture of the old man given below :
Working with your partner, note down the feelings of the old man.
• ………………………………………..
Answer:
Various answers as given below :

Question 2.
Can you think of reasons for these feelings ? Discuss with your partner and note down possible reasons.
• ………………………………………..
Answer:

• when things of life do not move as anticipated.
• when there is illness in the family.
• when the family feels insecure and helpless due to reasons beyond control. These may be like murder, dacoity, scandal, straying from the path of righteousness, rectitude etc.
• when deaths occur.
• when the person has been deserted and is feeling neglected.

Note: There can be numerous other feelings and reasons thereof. These vary from persons to persons as they face life and look at it differently. Then their conditions are always different. The common aspects of life have been given above in relation to ‘feelings’ and ‘reasons’.

Question 3.
Answer the following questions by ticking the correct options :

(a) Ali’s walking to the Post Office daily even in biting cold weather shows his _______

1. courage
2. optimism
3. foolishness
4. strength of will

(b) The Post Office is referred to as Ali’s “place of pilgrimage” as he _______

1. visited it daily
2. came there to pray for a letter from his daughter
3. went there with faith and hope
4. believed God would bless him if he went there

(c) The Post Master’s rudeness to Ali reveals his _______

1. lack of empathy
2. preoccupation with his work
3. preconceived notions
4. sensitivity

(d) Ali did not come to the Post Office for several days as _______

1. he had given up hope
2. he was upset by the Post Master’s rebuke
3. he was unwell and not able to walk to the Post Office
4. he was busy hunting

(e) “Tortured by doubt and remorse, he sat down in the glow of the charcoal sigri to wait. ” The Post Master was waiting for _______

1. a letter from Miriam
2. a letter from his own daughter
3. a letter from Ali
4. Ali to deliver Miriam’s letter to him.

Answer:

(a) → (ii) optimism
(b) → (iii) went there with faith and hope
(c) → (i) lack of empathy
(d) → (iii) he was unwell and not able to walk to the Post Office
(e) → (ii) a letter from his own daughter

Question 4.
Answer the following questions briefly :

(a) Who was Ali ? Where did he go daily ? (CBSE 2015)

(b) “Ali displays qualities of love and patience.” Give evidence from the story to support the statement. (V. Imp.)

(c) How do you know Ali was a familiar figure at the post office ? (CBSE 2015)

(d) Why did Ali give up hunting ? (CBSE 2015)

(e) What impression do you form of the postmaster after reading the story, ‘The Letter’ ? (V. Imp.)

(f) The postmaster says to Ali, “What a pest you are, brother !” Do you agree with the statement ? Give reasons for your answer.

(g) “Ali came out very slowly, turning after every few steps to gaze at the post office. His eyes were filled with tears of helplessness, for his patience was exhausted, even though he still had faith.” Why were Ali’s eyes filled with tears of helplessness ? What had exhausted his patience but not his faith ?

(h) “Tortured by doubt and remorse, he sat down in the glow of the charcoal sigri to wait.” Who is tortured by doubt and remorse ? Why ? What is he waiting for ? (V. Imp.) (CBSE 2015)

Answer:

(a) Ali was an old coachman. He went to the post office daily.

(b)
(i) His love for his only daughter Miriam in his loneliness is clear when he hopes for a touch of love through it.
(ii) His going regularly to the post office for over five years to get a letter and waiting patiently for it shows his infinite patience.

(c) Ali was now a familiar figure at the post office since every one there knew him well. He had been coming to it regularly for over five years.

(d) Ali gave up hunting because now he was getting old and inching towards death.

(e) The postmaster in the beginning is ill-tempered, selfish and impatient. He is casual, indifferent, unfeeling and inconsiderate also. But when he faces a situation similar to that of Ali, he changes. He becomes caring, worrying, concerned, patient, helpful, sympathetic and selfless. He also develops the virtue of understanding.

(f) I do not agree with it. But given the temperament of the postmaster at this point of the story, he behaves as he should. This speaks of the irresponsible and indifferent attitude of those in power towards the common people. In fact, the postmaster must have shown sympathy to Coachman Ali. Ali had been coming steadily to the post office for some solace from his own daughter Miriam.

(g) Ali’s eyes were filled with tears of helplessness. It was because he could do nothing except to leave the postmaster in his rough and uncivilized behaviour. His not receiving any letter from Miriam for over a period of five years and the old age had exhausted his patience. But somehow he had still faith that he would receive a letter from Miriam. And he did receive that, though after his death.

(h) The postmaster is now tortured by doubt caused by his daughter’s illness. It is due to what he had seen in Ali’s coming to the post office. Ali had = been dead for over three months. But the postmaster had seen him (in the form of a ghost) that early morning.

The postmaster is bitten by remorse also. It is because of his rash and casual attitude towards Ali. He now feels that he should not have ill-treated Ali earlier. He now realises the real and genuine love which Ah had had earlier for his daughter. The postmaster now is, obviously, waiting for news from his own daughter.

Question 5.
The writer carefully builds up an atmosphere of loneliness and grief in the story. Working in groups, pick out words/ phrases from the story that build up the atmosphere. Copy the following table in your notebook and complete it.

Answer:

Question 6.
Complete the table by explaining the following phrases/sentences in your own words :

Phrases/Sentences	Meanings
(a) happy memories light up a life that is nearing its close
(b) the sounds helped him along his lonely way
(c) the cold used sleep to extend its sway over all things even as a      false friend lulls his chosen victim with caressing smiles
(d) when the evening of his life was drawing in, he left his old ways  and suddenly took a new turn
(e) the whole universe is built up through love and that the grief of  separation is inescapable
(f) the post-master, a man with a face as sad and as inexpressive as a Pumpkin, would be seen sitting on his chair inside
(g) And so the clerk, like a worshipper of Vishnu, repeated his  customary thousand names.
(h) The haughty temper of the official had quite left him in his sorrow  and anxiety, and had laid bare his human heart.

Answer:

(а) Happy memories of one’s past life come up when one is dying.

(b) The people had woken up at that time in the morning. They were busy with their daily routine. These helped him to walk his lonely way to the post office.

(c) Sleep is the last refuge for men or women to soothe one during cold which makes them its prey.

(d) When he was going to die soon, he let go his old memories (of the past) and took a new turn in life.

(e) The whole of the world has love and grief like the two sides of the same coin. Both love and separation are inescapable.

(f) The postmaster was an unfeeling man. He had a wooden face, sad and round one. He would keep sitting on his chair.

(g) It means that the clerk was bewildered due to some supernatural development. He was a worshipper of Lord Vishnu. So he repeated his customary thousand names to seek his protection against the supernatural mishap. (It is like we chant ‘Hanuman Chalisa’ when we are terrified greatly.)

(h) The postmaster shed his sorrow and anxiety. In that moment he saw the real human heart (when he put himself in Ali’s place, though for a moment).

Question 7.
LISTENING TASK
Now you are going to listen to an article about the break-up of the Joint Family system in India.

As you listen to the passage complete the boxes given below.

Answer:

Question 8.
WRITING TASK

Tortured by doubt and remorse, the postmaster sits in the glow of a charcoal sigri that night, waiting for news of his daughter. As he sits, he writes his diary.

As the postmaster, write a diary entry in about 150 words outlining your feelings about the day’s events.

Answer:

10 January, 20 – 1.50 am

1 am overburdened with the feelings of doubt and remorse at what happened today. I saw Ali coming and knocking at the door in his same dress. I duly asked him to come in. He was leaning on his stick and had tears on his face. However, his features were unearthly. I tried to guess what that could be. But I could not. This made me shrink in fear. I talked about it with Lakshmi Das, and asked more about him. He told me that Ali had died three months ago. This left me in a troubled state of mind. I searched my mind to know who was that who had come to me in the early morning in the post office. Then I understood everything. It was Ali’s ghost which had visited me. I had insulted him while he was alive. I now started feeling guilty. I went to his grave and offered his letter from Miriam. This was my repentance.

I am feeling remorse now. In the beginning, I insulted Ali. I laughed at his genuine feelings of love for Miriam when he used to wait for a letter from her. I overlooked the human side of his emotions then. But very soon I found myself in the same predicament. I realised my foolishness towards Ali. I really regret that I should not have been harsh to Ali.

Question 9.
SPEAKING TASK
(a) The postmaster believes that he saw Ali. What do you think ? Discuss with your partner and present your views in front of the class.
(b) The postmaster was anxiously waiting for his ailing daughter’s news. On not getting any news he visits his daughter’s town. Now construct a dialogue between the postmaster and his daughter and enact it.

Answer:

(a) I think the postmaster is right in his believing that he saw Ali’s ghost. The text clearly shows it. The postmaster sitting in the office at night asks Ali’s ghost by saying “Come in, brother Ali.” He then ‘handed’ the letter to him. The narrator describes Ali leaning on a stick and wet tears appear on his face. However, his features are ‘hard’ but got softened after getting the letter. Secondly, the postmaster shrinks back in fear and astonishment at unearthly light in the eyes of Ali’s ghost. Lakshmi Das hears the postmaster speak to Ali’s ghost. He even asks the postmaster about who it was that came to him.

(b) A dialogue between the postmaster and his daughter

Postmaster : Hello, daughter ! How are you now ? I was greatly worried about you as I couldn’t get the latest news about your condition.

Daughter : Hello, papa !I am now a bit well. I fell ill at once and no one could know what to do. My husband took me to hospital as I had gone into a coma. So all were worried and no one could inform you.

Postmaster : It is now ok. In fact I lay awake all night due to worry as I wanted to know about your condition. I couldn’t come to you at night as there was no transport. Your illness had almost killed me.

Daughter : Papa, you’re right. But I never knew I would have to undergo such a horrible situation, You know the abdominal pain nearly killed me.

PostrTuister : What thd the doctors tell of your illness?

Daughter : They say it is something related to the brain. They are doing tests. The real thing shall be out after the reports of the tests.

Postmaster : Ah ! it is really very sad that you being so young should have some brain problem !! am really scared. I feel as if my own body is being ripped apart.

Daughter : I’m very sorry, papa. But what can I do ? You know, who wants to be ill ? We must bear things as they come the natural way and shouldn’t complain.

Postmaster : Yes, daughter. You are right. But how can I make my heart understand ? My heart is always with you.

Daughter : I understand, papa …………

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Chapter 3 The Letter help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Chapter 3 The Letter, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Chapter 13 The Dear Departed are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Chapter 13 The Dear Departed.

The Dear Departed Summary of CBSE Class 10 English poem followed by detailed explanation of the poem along with meanings of difficult words and literary devices used in the poem.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 10
Subject	English Literature
Chapter	Chapter 13
Chapter Name	The Dear Departed
Category	NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Chapter 13 The Dear Departed

TEXTUAL EXERCISES
(Pages 135, 154)

Question 1.
Read an excerpt from the diary of a man of 72 years :
As I sit here alone and waiting
……………………………………………

• What do you think is he feeling ?
• What situation do you think leads to people feeling so ?
• Can such people be helped ? How ?

Answer:

• I think that the man is feeling quite lonely and aloof. He wants to talk to the people and smile at them. He wants to socialise with the people to fight his loneliness. But no one looks at him. For those he gazes at, he is nothing.
• The situation that leads to people feeling so is clear. It is the passive and indifferent attitude of the members of his family and his relations. His own men and members of his family have turned away from him. So he is left alone to manage on his own in old age when he needs them the most.
• Such people can be helped through some understanding or fellow-feeling. The police or social welfare organisations can help them. Then people like Mother Teresa, can bring in a sense of positivism in their life. Home for the Aged etc, can help them greatly.

Question 2.
Read the news story given below.

Discuss in groups :

(a) What are the reasons for the old people being “abused, harassed and abandoned” in India ?
(b) What are the problems faced by the old people as a result ?

Answer:

(a) There are many reasons behind the old people being abused, harassed and abandoned. These are : importance of money more than human values among the young, increasing selfishness, growing materialism, breaking family system, lack of employment, economic hardships, increasing consciousness of celebrating one’s own life, youth leaving for other cities for jobs, generation gap, existential problems like urban poverty, lack of space for living, infighting among family members.

(b) These problems are : loneliness, neglect, absence of communication among their own, lack of sympathy, no medical help, growing independence on others, absence of interacting with others at social level, not sharing of grief etc.

Question 3.
The play ‘The Dear Departed’ can be performed on the stage. The first step would be a dramatized reading of the play as a whole class activity. Later, your teacher will assign you roles which you will play after an audition. Later the play can be put up on stage.
Answer:
Classroom activity under the guidance of class teacher.

Question 4.
Given below are the main incidents in the play. They are in a jumbled order. Arrange them in the sequence in which they occur in the play.

1. Victoria is asked to fetch the bunch of keys to the bureau to look for the insurance receipt.
2. Mrs. Slater instructs Victoria to put her white frock on with a black sash.
3. Mrs. Slater discovers that grandfather is ‘dead’.
4. The Slaters fetch the bureau and the clock from upstairs.
5. The family sits down to have tea.
6. Henry wears the new slippers of grandfather’s.
7. Grandfather comes to know how his daughters were in a hurry to divide his things between them.
8. Grandfather announces his intention to change his will and to marry Mrs. Shorrocks.
9. Grandfather comes down and is surprised to find the Jordans.
10. They discuss the obituary announcement in the papers and the insurance premium payment.
11. The Jordans arrive and learn the details of grandfather’s ‘demise’ from the Slaters.

Answer:
The sequential order will be :
3, 2, 1, 4, 6, 11, 5, 10, 9, 7, 8.

Question 5.
Answer the following questions briefly.

1. How does Mrs. Slater plan to outshine the Jordans ? What does it reveal about her character ? (CBSE 2014)

2. Why does Mrs. Slater decide to shift the bureau from grandfather’s room before the arrival of the Jordans ? How does Henry react to the suggestion ? (V. Imp.)

3. What is the reason for the Jordans taking a long time to get to the house of the Slaters ? What does it show about the two sisters’ attitude towards each other ?

4. What does Mrs. Jordan describe as ‘a fatal mistake’ ? What is the irony in the comment she makes on Mrs. Slater’s defense ? (V. Imp.)

5. Ben appreciates grandfather saying ‘its’ a good thing he did’. Later he calls him a ‘drunken old beggar’. Why does he change his opinion about grandfather ? (V. Imp.)

6. What change does grandfather make in his new will ? What effect does it have on his daughters ?
Or
Why did grandfather change his will ? Did it please his daughters ? (CBSE 2015)

7. What are the three things that grandfather plans to do on Monday next ? (V. Imp.)
Or
What are the three things that the grandfather planned to do on Monday ? (CBSE 2015)

Answer:

1. Mrs. Slater plans to outshine the Jordans in wearing mourning dress. This attitude reveals that she is an inconsiderate and unscrupulous woman. For her, human relationships and being a daughter carry no meaning.

2. Mrs. Slater decides to shift the bureau from grandfather’s room as she has had an eye on it. She wants to grab it before the arrivals of the Jordans. Otherwise, it will be subject to being divided. Henry doesn’t like it. He advises her to arrange it with Elizabeth when she comes.

3. The reason behind this is that the Jordans don’t have mourning dresses for the occasion. They have ordered theirs. They don’t fancy to buy ready-made dresses. This shows that they give more importance to showmanship than the real thing. The real thing is that they must be ideal relatives and not mean ones.

4. Mrs. Jordan describes Mrs. Slater’s not going to another doctor than Dr. Pringle about father is ‘a fatal mistake’. The irony is that they want their father ‘dead’. But here it shows Mrs. Jordan’s concern for father’s life.

5. Ben like his wife is a mean and unscrupulous person. His eyes are on grabbing as many things of the father as is possible. He changes his opinion about grandfather due to his selfishness and meanness.

6. Grandfather makes a change in his Will that he won’t give a penny to either of his daughters. He will marry next Monday and liv6 happily. He does so as his daughters do not care hu him. His daughters get shocked to know this. They are unable to speak as his decision of marrying is a slap on them as daughters.

7. The three things are : one, he will go to the lawyer and change his Will. Two, he will pay his insurance premium. Three, he will get married.

Question 6.
Answer the following in detail :

1. Bring out the irony in the title of the play.
Or
Bring out the irony of the title, ‘The Dear Departed’. (CBSE 2014)

2. How does the spat between his daughters lead to grandfather discovering the truth ? (V. Imp.)

3. Compare and contrast Henry’s character with that of his wife. Support your answer with evidence from the play. (V. Imp.)

Answer:

1. The irony in ‘The Dear Departed’ is clearly seen. On the surface value, it means the dearest member of the family has been dead. So all must lament and grieve. But at a deeper level, they don’t lament or grieve. They are more concerned about grabbing father’s things. They also fight over these greedily and selfishly even when he’s not dead.

2. Abel comes to senses and sees his daughter Elizabeth and Mr. Ben Jordan in mourning. He asks what has brought them there. Abel sees Mrs. Slater whispering. Then he finds Henry wearing his slippers. Mrs. Slater asks him if he had promised Jimmy his gold watch. He sees his bureau shifted downstairs. Finally, he sees his daughters quarrelling. When Mrs. Jordan says ‘After you were dead, I say’ he realizes the truth. This is confirmed when both the daughters talk about grabbing his things. Now Abel discovers the whole truth.

3. Mrs. Slater can be called a greedy, selfish, mean and crafty woman. She doesn’t bother about family values or the sweet relationship between a father and his daughter. Her eyes are to pinch as many things of father as possible. She has already grabbed his bureau, clock and slippers. Thus she is mean and unscrupulous. She is impolite, blunt, greedy, insensitive and what not. She doesn’t value moral and familial values but material things. Thus she is like her sister Mrs. Jordan as far as greed is considered.

On the other hand, her husband doesn’t have these qualities. But he is a weak- natured person. He is afraid of his wife and dares not displease her. If she speaks a bit hard, he surrenders. For instance, he calls her shifting father’s bureau undesirable. But when she talks in a harsh tone, he surrenders. He can be called his wife’s shadow. He is, thus, a weak and non-assertive person. He can be called a hen-pecked husband.

Question 7.
Bring out the traits in Mrs. Slater’s personality quoting evidence from the play.

Trait	Evidence from the play
greedy	(a)
Overpowering/dominating	(b)
Blunt/straight talking	(c)
impolite	(d)
Insensitive	(e)

Answer:

(a) Her grabbing the bureau and clock of father before the arrival of her sister Elizabeth, asking Henry to wear father’s slippers.

(b) Her rebuking Victoria not to gallivant in the street; asking her to close the door if her aunt Elizabeth and uncle come; her dominating attitude towards her husband Henry, etc.

(c) Her bluntness/straight talking to her sister and father like : “Don’t be so silly, Elizabeth” when they are talking about Dr. Pringle. Second, when Victoria says that perhaps grandpa didn’t go to pay his insurance premium Mrs. Slater snubs her saying ‘He went out”. Finally, her bluntness in her asking Victoria to change her dress and not gallivant.

(d) Impoliteness of Mrs. Slater is seen in her talks like : “What do you mean by that Henry Slater ?” when Henry refers to greediness in the family.

Second example : Mrs. Slater : Henry, why shouldn’t we bring that bureau down here now ? We could do it before they come.

Henry (stupefied) : I wouldn’t care to.
Mrs. Slater : Don’t look so daft. Why not ?

(e) Her insensitiveness is seen in :
1. Victoria: That’s grandpa’s clock.
Mrs. Slater: Chut ! Bc quit! It’s ours now.

2. Mrs. Jordan: I’ll tell you what’s been going on in this house. Father, nothing short of robbery.
Mrs. Slater: Be quiet. Elizabeth.

Note : Students themselves can find out more such examples. Mrs. Slater’s talks border on greediness, impoliteness, bluntness and insensitivity taken together.

Question 8.
Answer the following with reference to the context.

1. “Are we pinching it before Aunt Elizabeth comes ?”

(a) What does ‘it’ refer to here ?
(b) How does Vicky conclude that her parents are ‘pinching it’ ?
(c) Mention the two reasons that Mrs. Slater gives for her action.
(d) What does it reveal about the difference between the attitude of the elders and that of Vicky ?

2. “7 don’t call that delicate, stepping into a dead man’s shoes in such haste.”

(a) Who makes this comment ?
(b) What prompts the speaker to say this ?
(c) Bring out the significance of this statement.

3. “Now, Amelia, you mustn’t give way. We’ve all got to die some time or other. It might have been worse.”

(a) Who is the speaker of these lines ?
(b) What prompts the speaker to say these words ?
(c) What does he mean when he says ‘It might have been worse’ ?
(d) What does it reveal about the speaker’s character ?

Answer:

1.
(a) ‘It’ here refers to the shifting of the bureau by Mrs. Slater.

(b) Victoria (Vicky) concludes it from her mother’s lie that her grandpa gave it to her that morning. But she says that that morning he was drunk. At this Mrs. Slater rebukes her saying that she mustn’t ever say he was drunk.

(c) One, she says her grandpa gave it to her. Second, she had had always a fancy for that.

(d) It reveals the difference that Victoria (Vicky) speaks the truth but the elders tell lies.

2.
(a) Abel (grandpa) makes this comment.

(b) Abel sees that Henry has worn his slippers which he should not. This prompts him to say these words.

(c) The significance is that Abel is conscious of the fact that his things are slowly being grabbed by his daughters.

3.
(a) Ben Jordan speaks these lines.

(b) Mrs. Slater informs Mr. Jordan and his sister Elizabeth (Mrs. Jordan) that father, 72, is now dead. This prompts Ben Jordan (to) say this.

(c) By this he means to say that father died. It is alright as every one has to die sooner or later. But his death could have been due to the worst things. The way he died was not much troublesome.

(d) The speaker’s character seen in this comment here seems normal and mature.

Question 9.
Writing

Victoria Slater is truly attached to her Grandpa. As she sees the elders in her family quarrel over the inheritance, she is bewildered and upset by their attitude. As Victoria write a diary entry outlining the incident and your feelings. (150 words)

Answer:

Wednesday, 24th April, 20 – 9 pm

I can’t forget this day when I found my mom and dad grabbing dear grandpa’s bureau, clock and slippers. I was greatly shocked to hear mom saying that grandpa was dead. However, I saw that he was drunk this morning. Soon my aunt Elizabeth and uncle Ben came and were in mourning dress. All of them started arguing hotly over grandpa. My mom told my aunt that he was as merry as a sandboy in the morning. After taking tea they started talking over dividing his things like gold watch, slippers, clock etc. I felt it very bad that grandpa was not yet dead. But he was made to be ‘dead’ and they started fighting over his things ! It was most inhuman and unbecoming of them to treat grandpa so badly.

I was overjoyed when I saw grandpa still alive. When I expressed my happiness, my mom snubbed me. Things finally came out when my aunt told grandpa that my mom and dad had been robbing him. Grandpa didn’t take long to understand that for his daughters his death and his things were more important than his life. He took no time to frustrate their evil designs by saying that he was marrying again next Monday. I shall miss my dearest grandpa. But I would go to him whenever I like.

Victoria

Question 10.
Speaking

Grandfather says, “It seems to me that neither of you has any cause to feel proud about the way you’ve treated me.” While it is true that the daughters disregard modesty, decency and filial obligation, grandfather cannot be fully justified in practically disowning his family. Besides, Victoria loves him and he seems to have spared no thought for her feelings.

Divide yourselves into groups of four or five and discuss the statement: Grandfather is not entirely right in moving away from his daughters.

After the discussion, a representative from each group will present the views of her/his group to the class in about 3 minutes.

Answer:

Mainly for discussion in groups at class level.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Chapter 13 The Dear Departed help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Chapter 13 The Dear Departed, Nor the Gilded Monuments, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Chapter 7 The Frog and the Nightingale are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Chapter 7 The Frog and the Nightingale.

All questions and answers from the NCERT Book of class 10 English Chapter 7 are provided here for you for free.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 10
Subject	English Literature
Chapter	Chapter 7
Chapter Name	The Frog and the Nightingale
Category	NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Chapter 7 The Frog and the Nightingale

TEXTUAL EXERCISES
(Pages 85 & 91)

Question 1.
Listed below are a few character traits of people. Some are positive qualities, while others are not. Tick mark the ones you feel are desirable qualities in a person.

Answer:

Question 2.
Have you come across people who are not what they seem to be-like someone who is extremely friendly and helpful yet you are not very comfortable with him/her as you feel it is a put-on ? Have a class discussion about such people and why you feel as you do.
Answer:
Meant for classroom activity. The following may help the students in their discussion.

Yes I have come across such persons. They, at first, are and can be successful in impressing others. But when the reality about them comes out they become the laughing stock. Also they lose something in their popularity and what they have shown earlier. We tend to develop distance between them as they stop being men of integrity.

A man with natural good human qualities and having integrity, honesty, large-heartedness, etc, is always respected in society. Such qualities defy time as they are basically human. Such persons always are the sources of inspiration for others.

Question 3.
Before you read the poem complete the word-web with the words that we associate with a Frog and a Nightingale.

Answer:

Question 4.
The following is a summary of the poem but it is jumbled up. Write out the events in their correct order to form a continuous paragraph.

(a) As a result, her voice lost its beauty, and the other creatures stopped coming to hear her sing.
(b) Soon the nightingale became famous, and creatures from miles around came to hear her sing.
(c) All the creatures in the bog cheered and clapped at her beautiful song.
(d) He offered to train the nightingale, so that she could sing even more beautifully.
(e) So the frog could sing unrivalled in the bog once more.
(f) The next night the frog introduced himself.
(g) The frog charged an admission fee, and earned a lot of money from these concerts.
(h) A frog croaked all night in a bog, in an unpleasant voice.
(i) But the frog made the nightingale rehearse continuously in the rain.
(j) One night a nightingale began to sing in a melodious voice.
(k) Finally, the nightingale burst a vein and died.

Answer:
The correct order is :

1. (h)
2. (j)
3. (c)
4. (f)
5. (d)
6. (b)
7. (g)
8. (i)
9. (a)
10. (k)
11. (e)

Question 5.
Now that you have read the poem, add more personality traits to the word- web of the frog and the nightingale as depicted in the poem. Then complete the table given below. (Some of the words in the box below may help you. You may also use the words given in Q.1.)


Answer:

Question 6.
Divide yourselves into groups of four or five and brainstorm on any one of the given situations in order to create an imaginary dialogue or a comic strip. Keep in mind the characters and situations while doing so. Representatives from each group could then present the dialogues/read them to the class.

Answer:

Mainly for classroom activity. The following information for different situations shall help greatly in this sort of discussion :

The points to be discussed in group activity together with characters and situations in each case are :

(a) Other creatures hate the croaking of the frog. They throw stone at him, pray to him to stop croaking and use sticks. But the frog refuses to budge. They also insult him publicly, complain against him or throw stones at him. But everything is useless to silence him. He is such a shameless person that these do not have any effect on him. Students to focus on the efforts of the creatures to stop the croaking of the frog.

(b) When the nightingale sings for the first time, the frog gapes with amazement. Other creatures stare towards the sumac tree fully charmed by the melodious song of the nightingale. Ducks swim to her and herons wade to her to hear her sing. When she stops singing they clap in admiration. Toads, teals and tiddlers call it ‘Bravo !’
‘Too divine’, and demand her to sing more.

(c) The nightingale is awestruck when the frog introduces himself. It is because she had never anticipated such a diversionary view about her song. Strangely, the frog introduces himself in a detailed manner. In doing so he shows an authoritative attitude. Strangely, he does so in a gentle tone. He tells her that he edits the Bog Trumpet and writes songs for it also. Thus he poses to be an intellectual.

Shallow persons always succeed in showing off their hollowness through hyperbolic overtones. But the reality about them is soon out.

(d) The nightingale offers herself to be trained by this Mozart. It is the morning and it is raining. Her ‘training’ starts. But she says she can’t sing in such a weather. The frog offers to sing with her. His training lasts for six hours. He makes her sing from this tree to that tree physically exhausting her in the name of training. The nightingale shivers due to cold and her voice gets hoarse and quivering.

(e) The nightingale becomes a huge sensation. Creatures from far crowd the place to hear her sing. The frog charges admission fee and earns a huge money. A large number of titled gentry crowds the place. But such a thing doesn’t last long.

Soon the nightingale fails to earn money for the frog. He calls her to give the audience ‘something sharper, snappier’ and add some frills. But the nightingale can’t continue singing for long. Due to continuous singing and over-exertion she gets very weak and tired. Her voice zips and trills and the ticket office gross crashes.

The frog gets very angry and calls the nightingale ‘brainless’. He asks her to puff her lungs with passion. But he has drained her energies. Weeping and trembling she puffs up to sing but dies due to the bursting of her vein.

The reaction of the frog : He calls her stupid, too prone to influence. He leaves no alibi to be responsible for her death—a crafty and wicked being.

Question 7.
On the basis of your understanding of the poem, complete the sentences given below by choosing the appropriate option.

1. The frog’s aim was to

(a) make the nightingale a sensation
(b) make the nightingale as good a singer as him
(c) maintain his supremacy in the bog
(d) make a lot of money.

2. The animals reacted to the nightingale’s song with

(a) hatred
(b) admiration
(c) indifference
(d) suggestions for improvement

3. The nightingale accepted the frog’s tutelage as she

(a) was not confident of herself
(b) wanted to become as good a singer as the frog
(c) wanted to become a professional singer
(d) was not a resident of Bingle Bog

Answer:

1. (c) maintain his supremacy in the bog
2. (b) admiration
3. (c) wanted to become a professional singer

Question 8.
Read the stanza given below and complete the sentences by choosing the appropriate option.

Day by day the nightingale
Grew more sorrowful and pale
Night on night her tired song
Zipped and trilled and bounced along,
Till the birds and beasts grew tired
At a voice so uninspired
And the ticket office gross
Crashed, and she grew more morose
For her ears were now addicted
To applause quite unrestricted,
And to sing into the night
All alone gave no delight.

(i) The nightingale was sorrowful and pale because

1. she had been practicing in the rain
2. she had been performing all night
3. she was losing confidence in herself
4. she was falling ill.

(ii) The audience was tired of her song because

1. they had heard it many times
2. it had become mechanical
3. she looked tired
4. she had added trill to her song.

(iii) She no longer enjoyed singing alone as

1. she wanted to sing only for titled crowd
2. she was now used to the appreciation she got
3. the frog was no longer with her
4. she had become proud of herself.

Answer:

(i) 2. she had been performing all night
(ii) 2. it had become mechanical
(iii) 2. she was now used to the appreciation she got.

Question 9.
Answer the following questions briefly.
(a) How did the creatures of Single bog react to the nightingale’s singing ? (V. Imp.) (CBSE 2014, 2015)

(b) Which are the different ways in which the frog asserts his importance ? (V. Imp.)

(c) Why is the frog’s joy both sweet and bitter ? (V. Imp.)

(d) Why was the frog angry ?

(e) How did the frog become the unrivalled king of the bog again ? (V. Imp.) (CBSE 2015)

Answer:

(a) The creatures of Bingle Bog reacted firstly to the nightingale’s singing very favourably. They, in fact, crowded the places where they could hear the nightingale sing so sweetly. Animals and birds came from long distances to hear her sweet and melodious song.

(b) The frog asserts his importance as a musician and an art critic. He also shows his importance that he owns the Bingle Bog and reigns supreme in it. He also tells her that if she gets training from him, she would scale new heights in singing.

(c) The frog’s joy is sweet because he is earning a lot of money from the nightingale’s singing. Secondly, he is getting success in tiring the nightingale out and killing her. His joy is bitter because the revenue is getting less and less. Obviously, the nightingale is not attracting a large crowd of animals and birds as expected by the frog.

(d) The frog was angry because the nightingale didn’t sing sweetly to enable him to earn more. Secondly, her voice was becoming ‘uninspired’. Her song now zipped, trilled and bounced along.

(e) The frog became the unrivalled king of the bog again after the death of the nightingale. Now no bird or animal could rival him in singing. Secondly, all of them over there were greatly scared of him.

Question 10.
Discuss the following questions and write the answers in your note-books.

(a) Bring out the irony in the frog’s statement—‘Your song must be your own’.

(b) Do you think the end is justified ? (V. Imp.)

(c) Do you think the nightingale is ‘brainless’ ? Give reasons for your answer. (V. Imp.) (CBSE 2014)

(d) In spite of having a melodious voice and being a crowd puller, the nightingale turns out to be a loser and dies. How far is she responsible for her own downfall ?

(e) Do you agree with the Frog’s inference of the Nightingale’s character ? Give reasons for your answer. (V. Imp.)

Answer:

Discussion at class level. The answers are given below :

(a) The irony here is that the frog means that the nightingale’s song is not hers but it has been stolen. Indirectly, he means to say that the nightingale steals others’ songs and that’s why her song is so melodious.

(b) The end seems to be appropriate as it justifies the truth that evil people at first have the upper hand over the innocent ones. Here the nightingale is alone ; so it is natural ‘innocence’ symbolised by her. This is crushed by the ‘cruel and crafty designs’ of evil frog.

(c) Yes, to a greater extent, the nightingale is ‘brainless’ because she doesn’t see into the things. She is innocent and credulous to the extent that whatever the frog says is accepted by her. She must have been worldly-wise, careful and alert. Also she should have seen beyond what the frog tells her. In a way she should not have followed what the frog told her to do.

(d) The nightingale herself is responsible for her own downfall as such men are bound to fail before the crafty and deceitful persons. She has no capacity to judge and evaluate the persons from their sweet tongues. That’s why, she is killed by the evil designs of the frog. He simply ploys her to her death.

(e) Yes, I agree with the Frog’s inference of the Nightingale’s character. She must have seen through the evil designs of the Frog and acted accordingly. But being innocent and simple-hearted, she didn’t evaluate the Frog’s tricks to liquidate her out of Bingle Bog. Being flattering and submissive she paid the price in her death.

Question 11.
The Frog and the nightingale’ is a spoof on the present society. Study the Mind Map given below. Divide yourselves into groups, select a box and discuss the statement given. Then present your views to the class

Answer:

Classroom activity. The following information shall help the students in their discussion :

1. Shallow thinking patterns are basically those patterns which dwell mainly on one’s selfishness and self-interests. These selfishness and self-interests are basically materialistic and harmful. Since these are born merely out of jealousy and ill-will, these produce fickle-mindedness in the people. Fickle-minded people have no backbone and can simply be harmful. They have no human virtues like fidelity, honesty and integrity.

2. Fickle-minded people have no locus standi of their own. They are simply those persons who pose to show that they are something. But in reality they are a group of brainless persons with a limited thinking. These persons are very dangerous as their sole aim is to cause damage to the progressive ones.

3. Materialistic society or materialism is the by-product of fickle-minded people and of those people who have a shallow thinking. People loving materialism are always showy and pompous. They have nothing to do with aesthetic or human virtues. They know only the mathematics of amassing materialistic things and looking at things in the name of buying and purchasing. The virtues that lie at the roots of a good person or a good thing are unknown to them.

4. Such materialistic persons have their eyes on successes by hook or by crook. They do succeed temporarily but in between face the music of their limited values. For instance, the frog aims to remove the nightingale and earn money. He earns money but for how long ? His clever plans succeed but partially. So materialistic persons succeed initially but not always.

5. If such persons are behind the art, art tends to be commercialized. The frog commercializes the art of singing of the nightingale. He treats the nightingale as a hen that lays golden eggs. But for how long ? So if art is in the hands of the people like the sly and wicked frog, God save us ! True art lies not in material terms but it is deeply connected with the aesthetic qualities of men. If it is balanced with materialism it ceases to be true Art.

CLASS DISCUSSION
How a person tries to put down another when that person is succeeding in his or her life.

Our self-image is often based on what others make us believe we are. A poor self-image can do irreparable damage to us. Do you agree with this statement ? Elaborate with suitable reasons and examples.

Answer:

Mainly for discussion at class level. The following shall help the students in their discussion :

Yes, I agree with this that our poor self-image can do irreparable damage to us. A poor self-image means loss of self-confidence or low self-confidence. This, too, is very bad as it never lets a person face the harsh and bitter realities of life. Low self-confidence or over self-confidence are both bad. There are many persons around us who may not digest our progress. So they may try to derail us by sweet talks. But their sole aim is to show that they are our well-wishers. But in reality their jealousy and ill-will damage us in one way or the other. Obviously, we should not take them on their face value or by their sly and clever talks. In fact, we should judge or evaluate their hypocritical advice or interpretation objectively. Flattery is another tool to damage us. In fact, we should always keep in mind that all that glitters can never be gold. If the nightingale had understood and evaluated the frog’s ‘sweet’ talks, she shouldn’t have died.

WRITING TASK
Question 12.
The nightingale has scaled the heights of success. But now the audience is dwindling, the frog is unhappy and reprimands her all the time. She is mentally and physically exhausted and fears failure. As the nightingale, write a diary entry highlighting her fears and analyzing the reasons for her failure.
Answer:
Sunday, 17th September, 20 – 9 pm

I can’t forget when the frog came to me for the first time and spoke sweet words. Those words were never sweet. But my foolishness and too much submissive nature made me feel so. Now I clearly visualize the crafty nature of the frog. He has really duped me and I, being foolish, believed in him !

I see now that I can’t sing melodiously as I did earlier. When I sang with my own choice and will, I sang melodiously. The sly frog charged fees and earned a lot. He compelled me to sing with trills and frills and change the style. He said that it was all in the name of training. But now I realize it was not training but killing me slowly due to overwork and exertion.

At this point of my life I see myself defeated at the hands of this sly frog. I feel physically exhausted. I can’t sing non-stop. I find myself physically exhausted. Truly he took full advantage of my innocence and simple-heartedness. Very cleverly he led me to my own death without any alibi. I want to leave a message that we must not believe in what others say about ourselves.

Nightingale

Question 13.
Write an obituary for the nightingale. You may begin like this : May the kind soul (or you may make use of your own beginning).
Answer:

An Obituary for the Nightingale

May the kind and innocent soul of the Nightingale rest in peace ! The Nightingale was really innocent, simple-hearted, cooperative and compassionate. In her death she has left a vacuum which is difficult to fill up. She had malice towards none but had to pay the price of being innocent, submissive, simple-hearted and credulous. But strangely she herself became a victim of the modern evils like craftiness, selfishness, and the power of place. One must be vigilant, alert and suspicious of others, especially of the sweet-tongued. One must be conscious that all that glitters is not gold. We must shun the people having the qualities of the frog. Being credulous is always harmful.

LISTENING TASK
Question 14.
Listen to a poem on a similar theme by Mary Howitt and compare the Fly to Vikram Seth’s Nightingale.
Answer:

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Chapter 7 The Frog and the Nightingale help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Chapter 7 The Frog and the Nightingale, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Chapter 2 Mrs. Packletide’s Tiger are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Chapter 2 Mrs. Packletide’s Tiger.

All our solutions for Chapter 2 – Mrs. Packletide’s Tiger are prepared considering the latest CBSE syllabus, and they are amended from time to time. Our free NCERT Textbook Solutions for CBSE Class 10 English will strengthen your fundamentals in this chapter and can help you to score more marks in the examination. Refer to our Textbook Solutions any time, while doing your homework or while preparing for the exam.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 10
Subject	English Literature
Chapter	Chapter 2
Chapter Name	Mrs. Packletide’s Tiger
Category	NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Chapter 2 Mrs. Packletide’s Tiger

TEXTUAL EXERCISES
(Page 12 & 16)

Question 1.
Why do people hunt ? Complete the web chart giving various reasons for the same :

Answer:

Question 2.
Read these lines and guess the answers to the questions given below :
It was Mrs. Packletide’s pleasure and intention that she should shoot a tiger … The compelling motive … was the fact that Loona Bimberton had recently … personally procured tiger-skin and a heavy harvest of Press photographs could successfully counter that sort of thing.

(a) Why did Mrs. Packletide want to kill a tiger ? (V. Imp.)
(b) What does it tell you about her ?
(c) What is the tone of the storywriter ?
(d) Do you think she was successful in her mission ?
(e) What do you think the story is all about ?

Answer:

(a) Mrs. Packletide wanted to kill a tiger to counter the fame and prestige of Loona Bimberton. She had acquired these in flying in an aeroplane. She couldn’t tolerate her increased social prestige than hers. So out of jealousy she decided to kill a tiger.

(b) This all tells us that Mrs. Packletide is a woman full of jealousy for other women. She can’t tolerate the idea that other women should outweigh her in any thing.

(c) The tone of the storywriter is humorous and taunting. At every available point Mrs. Packletide is derided and made fun of.

(d) Mrs. Packletide was not successful in her mission. She had decided publicly to belittle Loona Bimberton in organizing a luncheon party in her honour and offering her a tiger-claw brooch. But Loona Bimberton had declined to attend this party. However, she accepted the tiger-claw brooch unwillingly. Mrs. Packletide was, however, successful in ‘hunting’ the tiger though she had to pre-arrange it.

(e) The story is all about her feeling jealous of Loona Bimberton and hunting the tiger.

Question 3.
Answer the following questions in your own words :

(a) Why did Mrs. Packletide wish to kill a tiger ? (V. Imp.) (CBSE 2015)
Or
Why does Mrs. Packletide want to kill a tiger ? (CBSE 2012)
Or
Why does Mrs. Packletide want to kill a tiger ? How does she realise her ambition ? (CBSE 2015)

(b) What made her decide to give a party in Loona Bimberton’s honour ? What did she intend to give Loona on her birthday ? (V. Imp.)
Or
Why did Mrs. Packletide decide to give a party in the honour of Loona Bimberton ? What did she plan to present Loona on her birthday ? (CBSE 2012)

(c) How was the tiger shooting arranged ? What kind of a tiger was chosen for the purpose ? (CBSE 2015)

(d) In what way did the villagers help Mrs. Packletide shoot the tiger ?

(e) Who was Miss Mebbin ? Was she really devoted to Mrs. Packletide ? How did she behave during the tiger shooting ? (V. Imp.)

(f) Mrs. Packletide was a good shot. Discuss.

(g) What comment did Miss Mebbin make after Mrs. Packletide had fired the shot ? Why did Miss Mebbin make this comment ? How did Mrs. Packletide react to this comment ? (V. Imp.)

(h) How did the villagers react to the tiger’s death ?

(i) Do you think Mrs. Packletide was able to achieve her heart’s desire ? Give reasons for your answer.

(j) How did Miss Mebbin manage to get her week-end cottage 1 Why did she plant so many tiger lilies in her garden ? (V. Imp.)
Or
How did Mrs. Louisa Mebbin manage to acquire a week-end cottage for herself ? (CBSE 2015)

(k) “The incidental expenses are so heavy”, she confides to inquiring friends. Who is the speaker ? What is she referring to here ? (V. Imp.)

Answer:

(a) Mrs. Packletide wished to kill a tiger to counter the fame of Loona Bimberton who had flown in an aeroplane. She couldn’t tolerate her increased social prestige than hers. So to counter it she thought a tiger hunt would put her above her in social circles. So she decided to hunt a tiger to achieve that status. She arranged for the kill through payment and with the help of the villagers and Miss Mebbin.

(b) The feeling of belittling Loona Bimberton by hunting a tiger made her decide to give a party. She intended to offer Loona Bimberton a tiger-claw brooch on her birthday.

(c) Mrs. Packletide offered ? one thousand to the villagers to arrange an old tiger for hunting. She took Louisa Mebbin with her as her hunting companion and paid her for this work. A very old tiger who couldn’t even kill for his food was chosen for the purpose.

(d) The villagers helped Mrs. Packletide a lot in shooting the tiger. They arranged for an old tiger. Then they posted the children to see that the tiger didn’t stray in other hunting grounds. They also asked women crossing the forest not to sing loudly. This was to avoid that the tiger was not disturbed in his sleep.

(e) Miss Louisa Mebbin was Mrs. Packletide’s paid companion. She charged money for sitting with Mrs. Packletide while she hunted the tiger. She was not devoted to Mrs. Packletide at all. She behaved very arrogantly during the tiger hunting. She said that Mrs. Packletide shouldn’t pay if the tiger didn’t touch the goat. Then she pointed out that the shot of Mrs. Packletide killed the goat and the tiger died due to heart failure. She threatened to tell all this to Loona Bimberton to extract money from her.

(f) Mrs. Packletide was not a good shot as her shot killed the goat and not the tiger who was the target.

(g) Miss Mebbin said that Mrs. Packletide’s shot had killed the goat while there was no trace of shot on the tiger’s body. The tiger had died due to heart-failure caused by the sudden report of the rifle. Miss Mebbin made this comment just to blackmail Mrs. Packletide for more and more money. Mrs. Packletide was annoyed at this discovery.

(h) The villagers celebrated the hunt of the tiger by Mrs. Packletide. They started beating the tom-toms. This made Mrs. Packletide very glad and excited.

(i) No, Mrs. Packletide was not able to achieve her heart’s desire because Loona Bimberton declined to attend the luncheon party. Mrs. Packletide had decided to arrange it in her honour. Also she had decided to belittle her in offering her a tiger-claw brooch.

(j) Miss Mebbin blackmailed Mrs. Packletide. She threatened her that unless she bought her the week end cottage, she would tell Loona Bimberton the secret of her tiger hunt. Mrs. Packletide gave in for fear of being exposed and humiliated. She paid the money and Miss Mebbin managed to get the cottage. Miss Mebbin planted many tiger-lilies in her garden as the tiger was behind her acquiring this cottage. Tiger-lilies were synonymous for the tiger.

(k) The speaker of these lines is Mrs. Packletide. She refers to the ‘expenses’ that she met in buying Louisa Mebbin a cottage. These ‘expenses’ also include the money that she paid to the villagers for arranging a tiger.

Question 4.
Discuss the following questions in detail and write the answers in your notebooks :

(a) Do you think the tiger shooting organized by the villagers was a serious affair ? Give f reasons for your answer.

(b) Do you think the writer is trying to make fun of the main characters in the story i.e. Mrs. Packletide, Miss Mebbin and Loona Bimberton ? Pick out instances from the story that point to this fact.

(c) A person who is vain is full of self importance and can only think of himself / herself and can go to great lengths to prove his / her superiority. Do you think Mrs. Packletide is vain ? Give reasons in support of your answer.

(d) Sometimes writers highlight certain negative aspects in society or human beings by making fun of it. This is called satire. In your groups discuss whether you would classify this story as a satire. Give reasons to support your answer.

(e) How does the writer create humour in this story ?
Or
How does the writer create humour in the story Mrs. Packletide’s Tiger’ ? (CBSE 2015)

Answer:

(a) Yes, I think the tiger shooting organized by the villagers was a serious affair because tiger hunting is illegal. Doing anything to help in illegal deeds is also criminal. So the villagers can be challaned in helping in arranging the tiger for hunt illegally. Secondly, tigers are on the extinction list. The hunt becomes a serious criminal act on the part of Mrs. Packletide and the villagers.

(b) I think the writer is trying to make fun of these main characters. The language and tone used for this suggests taunt, derision and fun in an implied manner. The instances are :

For Mrs. Packletide : “Not that the lust to kill had suddenly descended … could successfully counter that sort of thing,” “her movements and motives were … Loona Bimberton.”

For Miss Mebbin : “If it’s an old tiger … money”, “Her energetic intervention had saved many a rouble … sympathetic hands,” “How you shot the goat … pleasant laugh”, “Loona Bimberton would,” said Miss Mebbin,” “I have seen a week-end cottage … have the money.”

For Loona Bimberton : “… that Loona Bimberton had recently been carried eleven miles … of nothing else,” “As for Loona Bimberton, she refused to look … repressed emotions,” “The luncheon party she declined … dangerous.”

(c) Mrs. Packletide is very vain and jealous by nature. She can never tolerate the growing social prestige of Loona Bimberton being carried in an aeroplane. So Mrs. Packletide is so much full of self-importance that she thinks of herself only. She can’t give the No. 1 place to any other woman and at any cost at social level. So she spends so much money. She is forced also to buy Louisa Mebbin a cottage just to keep (up) her foolish sense of social superiority.

(d) Meant for discussion at class level.

The story is essentially a satire on womanhood. The hollowness of Mrs. Packletide, the hypocrisy of Loona Bimberton and their giving more importance to false notions are ridiculed by the author. The doings of Louisa Mebbin and how she blackmails Mrs. Packletide also satirise these traits in women. In fact, all the three women have been satirised humorously in such a way that their hypocrisy and affectation are clearly understood.

(e) The author creates humour through the use of satirical language and creating undertones (through phrases) in description of various aspects of the story. The phrases are: ‘It was Mrs. Packletide’s pleasure and intention’; ‘her sudden deviation’; ‘stimulated the sporting and commercial instinct of the villagers’ ; ‘The one great anxiety was lest he should die of old age’.

Humour is also created through situations. These are : Mrs. Packletide and Louisa Mebbin are on the hunting platform. But they have small sized playing cards to play ‘solitaire’; women asked to hush up their singing lest the tiger should get disturbed in sleep ; villagers’ celebrating the hunting through thumping of tom-toms ; Mrs. Packletide’s hiding the facts of the case calling through ‘incidental expenses’.

This humour is also created through satirical and ironical treatment by the author.

Question 5.
Choose extracts from the story that illustrate the character of the people listed in the table given below. There are some words given to help you. You may add words of your own. One has been done as an example :

vain jealous competitive shrewd manipulative stingy materialistic spiteful



Answer:

(a) shrewd, manipulative, opportunistic, cunning planner
(b) vain, stingy, spiteful, proud, self-willed
(c) competitive, shrewd, materialistic, calculative Cd) competitive, shrewd, materialistic, vain
(e) shrewd, spiteful, exploitative, manipulative.
(f) shrewd, manipulative, opportunistic, materialistic
(g) vain, jealous, shrewd, stingy, spiteful, haughty
(h) revengeful, stingy, spiteful, vain, haughty

Question 6.
There are many amusing lines in the story. Here are a few of them. Rewrite each one in ordinary prose so that the meaning is retained. One has been done for you as an example :

(a) It was Mrs. Packletide’s pleasure and intention that she should shoot a tiger.
Mrs. Packletide wanted to shoot a tiger
……………………………………………………………………………………..

(b) Mrs. Packletide had already arranged in her mind the lunch she would give at her house in Curzon Street, ostensibly in Loona Bimberton’s honour, with a tiger-skin rug occupying most of the foreground and all of the conversation.
……………………………………………………………………………………..

(c) Mothers carrying their babies home through the jungle after the day’s work in the fields hushed their singing lest they might curtail the restful sleep of the venerable herd-robber.
……………………………………………………………………………………..

(d) Louisa Mebbin adopted a protective elder-sister attitude towards money in general, irrespective of nationality or denomination.
……………………………………………………………………………………..

(e) Evidently the wrong animal had been hit, and the beast of prey had succumbed to heart-failure, caused by the sudden report of the rifle, accelerated by senile decay.
……………………………………………………………………………………..

(f) As for Loona Bimberton, she refused to look at an illustrated paper for weeks, and her letter of thanks for the gift of a tiger-claw brooch was a model of repressed emotions.
……………………………………………………………………………………..
Answer:

(b) Mrs. Packletide would arrange a luncheon party in her house to honour Loona Bimberton with a tiger-skin rug and conversation about it.

(c) Mothers were asked to come home through the jungle silently so that the tiger was not disturbed in his sleep.

(d) Louisa Mebbin behaved like an elder sister about money.

(e) Clearly the goat had been killed and the tiger died due to heart failure caused by the noise of the rifle shot and old age.

(f) Loona Bimberton refused to look at the illustrated magazines for weeks. Her letter of thanks for the gift of a tiger-claw brooch showed her repressed emotions.

Question 7.
An oxymoron is a figure of speech that combines normally-contradictory terms. The most common form of oxymoron involves an adjective-noun combination of two words like—failed success.

Writers often use an oxymoron to call attention to an apparent contradiction. For example, Wilfred Owen’s poem The Send-off refers to soldiers leaving for the front line, who “lined the train with faces grimly gay.” The oxymoron ‘grimly gay’ highlights the contradiction between how the soldiers feel and how they act: though they put on a brave face and act cheerful, they feel grim. Some examples of oxymorons are—dark sunshine, cold sun, living dead, dark light, almost exactly etc.

The story ‘Mrs. Packletide’s Tiger’ has a number of oxymorons. Can you identify them and write them down in your notebooks ?

Answer:

The following are some oxymorons in the story :

over-much, elaborate carelessness, grand attack, venerable herd-robber, disagreeably pleasant.

Students on their own can find more oxymorons in the story.

Question 8.
WRITING TASK
(a) Years later Mrs. Packletide writes her autobiography. As Mrs. Packletide, write about the tiger episode with the help of the clues given below.

(b) In groups of four construct the dialogues and enact the following situations from the story :

1. Mrs. Packletide and the headman of the village/other villagers discussing the details of the tiger shooting.
2. Miss Mebbin blackmailing Mrs. Packletide into gifting her a cottage.
3. Loona Bimberton and a lady-friend discussing Mrs. Packletide’s hunting success.

Answer:

(a) Loona Bimberton’s being carried in an aeroplane was the talk of the town. She had become very famous due to it and her social prestige had gone onto the top. I couldn’t digest it as her applause had created jealousy in me. Day and night I felt how to counter it. So I thought that a tiger hunt would take me on a higher social pedestal than Loona. I lost no time in arranging a tiger hunt with the help of the villagers who were just thirsty for money.

I paid ₹ one thousand to the villagers for getting an aged tiger in the village forest. A goat with a loud bleat was tied at a convenient place to attract the tiger.

A suitable platform was built in a tree. On the night of the hunt I sat with Louisa Mebbin, my paid companion.

As per pre-arranged plan the tiger came near the goat. He lay flat to regain his strength before attacking his prey. I lost no time in firing the shot. I saw that both the goat and the tiger had been killed. ‘I am on the top’, I simply felt it in my blood.

It was Louisa Mebbin who told me that I had killed the goat with my shot and not the tiger. The tiger had died due to heart failure caused by the rifle shot and old age. She proved herself very cunning and crafty. She blackmailed me that she would tell this fact to Loona Bimberton. This hit my self-esteem. I had no choice except to bow down to her indirect demand. I had to buy a week-end cottage in Dorking for her to shut her mouth to give out the secret of the tiger hunt.

(b) Students to construct the dialogues on their own and enact the same on the given situations. One sample dialogue construction is given below which can be enacted by them at class level :

Mrs. Packletide and the headman of the village/other villagers discussing the details of the tiger shooting.

A (Mrs. Packletide) : Well, gentlemen, I have decided to hunt a tiger in your village. For that I shall be needing your help. Don’t worry about money. What do you say?

B (village headman) : Yes, madam. When you have talked of money, we shall do whatever you say. I think my village people shall fully cooperate.

C (other villagers) : Yes, madam. We are with the headman. Whatever you decide, we shall do.

A (Mrs. Packletide) : For this I shall pay you one thousand. You shall have to arrange for a very weak tiger. You all will direct it on the hunting night to come to his bait. For bait you’ll arrange a goat with a good bleating sound and tie it at a point near the platform in a tree.

B (village headman) : Excuse me, madam. Where shall the platform be built?

A (Mrs. Packletide) : It should be near the place where the goat is to be tied. I and another madam shall sit on this platform in a tree. You all will direct the tiger towards the goat. When I see the tiger coming near the goat, I shall shoot at once.

C (other villagers) : What’ll happen in case the tiger strays out before the date of hunting?

A (Mrs. Packletide) : That’s your responsibility. But one thing. You’re never to disclose whatever we decide now to anybody, come what may.

B (village headman) : You needn’t worry, madam. I am asking the children to see that the tiger doesn’t stray out. Equally all the women have been asked not to sing loudly while coming home through the jungle. It is not to disturb the tiger in his sleep.

A (Mrs. Packletide) : That would be very nice. Please see that whatever we decide actually occurs. If there gets any lapse, you know the consequences…

C (All the villagers) : Yes, madam. You needn’t worry. We shall celebrate the tiger hunt with playing tom-toms.

A (Mrs. Packletide) : Good bye.

Question 9.
LISTENING TASK
Listen to the passage on lion hunting and answer the questions given below :

1. The Maasai tribe in Africa hunt lions because

1. they live near the forests of Africa
2. they view it as a sign of bravery and personal achievement
3. they are a hunting tribe
4. they adorn their bodies with body parts of the lion.

2. Solo hunting has been banned because

1. it is dangerous –
2. of the declining lion population
3. too many hunters have been killed
4. it creates pride in the minds of the successful hunters.

3. The hunting of lionesses is discouraged because

1. they bear the cubs
2. they run much faster
3. they are more fierce
4. they cannot be spotted easily.

4. The Maasai warriors chase a lion with rattle bells to

1. awaken it
2. make it run faster
3. make it angry
4. frighten it.

5. The Maasai use three parts of the lion. They are

1. the mane, tail and claws
2. the mane, nails and claws
3. the mane, tail and nails
4. the whiskers, tail and claws.

6. The tail is given to

1. the strongest warrior
2. the fastest warrior
3. the youngest warrior
4. the bravest warrior.

Answer:

1. 2. they view it as a sign of bravery and personal achievement
2. 2. of the declining lion population
3. 1. they bear the cubs
4. 3. make it angry
5. 3. the mane, tail and nails
6. 1. the strongest warrior

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Chapter 2 Mrs. Packletide’s Tiger help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Chapter 2 Mrs. Packletide’s Tiger, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Chapter 12 Snake are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Chapter 12 Snake.

You can download the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Chapter 12 Snake in PDF Below. Prescribed textbook by CBSE for Chapter 12 Snake is standard X NCERT course book for English.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 10
Subject	English Literature
Chapter	Chapter 12
Chapter Name	Snake
Category	NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Chapter 12 Snake

TEXTUAL EXERCISES
(Pages 124, 127)

Question 1.
Snakes generate both horror and fascination. Do you agree ? Why ? Why not ?
Answer:
I agree with the statement that snakes generate both unmentionable horror and fascination for the first time. They generate horror (of death) because they are poisonous. A single bite could result in a painful death.

They cause fascination because they are lovely to look at because of the colours and designs on their bodies. The design of a paw on the hood of cobra adds beauty to it. The patterned circles, squares or chequered designs add beauty to pythons. In fact, all species i have beautiful patterns on their bodies. But they cause a sense of revulsion and fear at their vileness in our hearts.

Question 2.
Read what W.W.E. Ross feels when he sees a snake and fill in the table given below :

The Snake Trying

The snake trying
to escape the pursuing stick,
with sudden curvings of thin
long body. How beautiful
and graceful are his shapes !
He glides through the water away
from the stroke. O let him go
over the water
into the reeds to hide
without hurt. Small and green
he is harmless even to children.
Along the sand
he lay until observed
and chased away, and now
he vanishes in the ripples
among the green slim reeds.

What is the snake doing?	Words to describe the snake	Poet’s plea
(a)	(b)	(c)

Answer:

(а) The snake is trying to escape the sticks of the onlookers. It glides through the water to escape these.

(b) Curvings of thin long body, beautiful, graceful are his shapes, glides through, small and green, vanishes in the ripples among the green slim reeds.

(c) The poet’s plea is not to kill the snake because it is a beautiful and graceful creature. It is harmless to all. So it is not good to kill it.

Question 3.
Given below is the summary of the poem Snake in short paragraphs. However they are jumbled. Work in pairs and put the summary into a logical sequence.

(a) After drinking water to satisfaction, the snake raised his head dreamily and flickered his forked tongue and licked his lips. The snake looked around like a God and then slowly proceeded to curve round and move away from the water trough.

(b) The poet felt much like the ancient mariner who had killed the albatross for no reason. He wishes that the snake would come back. He thinks of the snake as a king in exile who has to be crowned again. He also regrets having missed his opportunity of knowing and understanding one of the lords of life.

(c) As the snake put his head into the hole to retreat into the earth, the poet was filled with a protest against the idea of the snake withdrawing into his hole. The poet put down his pitcher, picked up a log and hurled it at the snake. The snake twisted violently and with great alacrity vanished into the hole in the wall.

(d) A snake visited the poet’s water trough on a hot afternoon to quench his thirst. The poet who had also gone to the trough to fill water in a pitcher waited for the snake since he had come at the trough prior to the poet.

(e) The voices of education inside the poet tell him that it was the fear for the snake that made him refrain from killing him. However, the poet feels that though he was quite afraid of the snake, he did actually feel honoured that a snake had come to seek his hospitality from the deep recesses of the earth.

(f) He is guilt-ridden. He feels that he has to atone for the meanness of his action of throwing a log at the snake.

(g) The snake rested his throat upon the stone bottom and sipped the water into his slack long body. After drinking water, he raised his head just like cattle do and flashed his forked tongue, thought for a moment and then bent down to drink some more water.

(h) Education and social conventions make the poet think that the golden brown poisonous snake must be killed and that as a brave man he must undertake the task of killing the snake.

(i) The poet instantly felt sorry for his unrefined and contemptible act and cursed the voices of education and civilization that had shaped his thought processes and urged him to kill the snake.

(j) However, the poet instinctively likes the snake, treats him like a guest and feels honoured that it had come to drink at his water trough. The poet questions himself and wonders whether his not daring to kill the snake proved that he was a coward and whether his desire to talk to the snake reflected his perversity.

Answer:

The logical sequence will be :

(d) →
(g) →
(a) →
(h) →
(e) →
(j) →
(c) →
(f) →
(i) →
(b) →

Question 4.
Based on your reading of the poem, answer the following questions by ticking the correct options:

1. ‘he lifted his head from his drinking as cattle do’—The poet wants to convey that the snake

(a) is domesticated
(b) is innocent
(c) is as harmless as cattle
(d) drinks water just like cattle

2. ‘Sicilian July’, ‘Etna smoking’ and ‘burning bowels of the earth’ are images that convey that

(a) there are snakes in volcanic areas
(b) the poet lived in a hot area
(c) it was a really hot day when the snake came
(d) Sicilian snakes are dangerous

3. ‘A sort of horror, a sort of protest overcame me’—The poet is filled with protest because

(a) he doesn’t want to let the snake remain alive
(b) he fears the snake
(c) he doesn’t want the snake to recede into darkness
(d) he wants to kill it so that it doesn’t return

4. In the line ‘And as he slowly drew up, snake-easing his shoulders, and entered farther the phrase ‘snake-easing his shoulders’ means

(a) loosening its shoulders
(b) slipping in with majestic grace
(c) moving slowly
(d) moving fast

5. ‘He seemed to me like a king in exile …’ The poet refers to the snake as such to emphasize that the snake

(а) is like a king enduring banishment
(b) is like a king due to be crowned
(c) is a majestic king who came for a while on earth
(d) is a majestic creature forced to go into exile by man

6. ‘I thought how paltry, how vulgar, what a mean act’— The poet is referring to

(а) the snake going into the dreadful hole
(b) the accursed modern education
(c) the act of throwing a log of wood at the snake
(d) the act of killing the snake

Answer:

1. → (d) drinks water just like cattle
2. → (c) it was a really hot day when the snake came
3. → (c) he doesn’t want the snake to recede into darkness
4. → (b) slipping in with majestic grace
5. → (d) is a majestic creature forced to go into exile by man
6. → (c) the act of throwing a log of wood at the snake

Question 5.
Answer the following questions briefly :

(a) Why does the poet decide to stand and wait till the snake has finished drinking ? What does this tell you about the poet ? (Notice that he uses ‘someone’ instead of ‘something’ for the snake.) (V. Imp.)

(b) In stanza 2 and 3, the poet gives a vivid description of the snake by using suggestive expressions. What picture of the snake do you form on the basis of this description ?

(c) How does the poet describe the day and the atmosphere when he saw the snake ? (CBSE 2012) (V. Imp.)

(d) What does the poet want to convey by saying that the snake emerges from the ‘burning bowels of the earth’ ?

(e) Do you think the snake was conscious of the poet’s presence ? How do you know ?

(f) How do we know that the snake’s thirst was satiated ? Pick out the expressions that convey this.

(g) The poet has a dual attitude towards the snake. Why does he experience conflicting emotions on seeing the snake ? (V. Imp.) (CBSE 2016)

(h) The poet is filled with horror and protest when the snake prepares to retreat and bury itself in the “horrid black’, ‘dreadful’ hole. In the light of this statement, bring out the irony of his act of throwing a log at the snake. (V. Imp.)

(i) The poet seems to be full of admiration and respect for the snake. He almost regards him like a majestic god. Pick out at least four expressions from the poem that reflect these emotions.

(j) What is the difference between the snake’s movement at the beginning of the poem and later when the poet strikes it with a log of wood ? You may use relevant vocabulary from the poem to highlight the difference.

(k) The poet experiences feelings of self-derision, guilt and regret after hitting the snake. Pick out expressions that suggest this. Why does he feel like this ?

(l) You have already read Coleridge’s poem The Ancient Mariner in which an albatross is killed by the mariner. Why does the poet make an allusion to the albatross ?

(m) T have something to expiate’-Explain. (V. Imp.)

Answer:

(a) The poet decides to stand and wait till the snake has finished drinking because he looks at it as a guest. Secondly, the poet came there after the snake had come. So he must wait on that count. This shows that the poet is understanding, civilized and well-mannered.

(b) From the suggestive expressions in stanzas 2 and 3, the picture emerges very beautiful and clear. The poet is in pyjamas and has his pitcher. The snake has trailed its yellow-brown slack body over the edge of the trough. Resting its throat it is sipping water softly and silently.

(c) The poet describes the day and atmosphere hot. It is clear in the usage of words and phrases like : ‘On a hot, hot day’, ‘in the deep, strange scented shade …’, ‘burning bowels of the earth’, ‘day of Sicilian July, when Etna smoking’.

(d) By this the poet wants to convey that there is intense heat inside the hole of the earth as it is burning.

(e) I think the snake was not conscious of the poet’s presence. If it was, it couldn’t have behaved majestically and as if it were in a dream. It looked around like a god but not at the poet, though it looked in the direction where the poet stood.

(f) The snake’s thirst was satiated as it looked dreamily after drinking the water. The expressions are : ‘And flickered his two-forked tongue’, ‘mused a moment’, ‘He drank enough’, ‘And lifted his head, dreamily’.

(g) The poet has a dual attitude towards the snake. It is because he is governed by human instinct and rational thought (called voice of human education). One, natural human instinct makes him appreciate the snake and love animals. Second, the rational thought says that snakes are poisonous. So they must be killed.

(h) The irony is that the snake itself is withdrawing. It means there is no need of the poet’s throwing a log on the snake. But he does it which is later regretted by him.

(i) The expressions are : ‘And flickered his two-forked tongue/from his lips’, ‘and mused a moment’, ‘But must I confess I liked him’, ‘How glad I was …’, ‘like a guest in quiet’, ‘I stared with fascination’, ‘Like a king in exile’.

(j) At the beginning the snake is thirsty. It draws its slack body over the edge of the water-trough leisurely and slowly. But when the poet strikes a log at it, it ‘convulses and writhes’ like lightning.

(k) The expressions are : ‘A sort of horror, a sort of protest’, ‘I thought how paltry, how vulgar, what a mean act!’, ‘I despised myself, ‘to expiate’, ‘A Pettiness’.

(l) The poet makes an allusion to the albatross because no one wanted that the albatross should be killed by the Ancient Mariner. However, later it was called a right thing.

The mariners wanted it to come to them as it had brought wind to steer the ship clear from the ice. Like this, the poet in ‘Snake’ wants the snake back to accept his hospitality like an honoured guest.

(m) It means that the poet has something to regret for ever. This is that he shouldn’t ; have thrown a log to kill the snake.

Question 6.
The encounter with the snake and the dual response of the poet to his presence at the water trough reflect a conflict between civilized social education and natural human instincts. The poet writes a diary entry highlighting how he was torn between the two voices. Write his diary.

Answer:

Monday, 18th July, 20 – 9 pm

I can’t forget the hot day when I saw an earth-brown snake come to my water trough to drink water. It trailed its yellow-brown slack and soft body over the edge of the stone trough. Then it drank water like the cattle do. It looked majestically all around like a god. It flickered its two-forked tongue and mused for a moment. Instinctively, I felt I charmed by it.

But the voice of civilised social education made me feel that such snakes are poisonous and they must be killed. So I threw a log at the snake. The snake had by then proceeded to enter the hole. The remaining part of its body convulsed and writhed like lightning at the noise at my doing so. In a moment, the snake was gone. But after this act, I felt a sense of guilt. A deep conflict rose between my natural human instincts and civilized social education. I wondered what was this all; cowardice, perversity, wish to talk to the snake or humility ? Then I felt it very bad that I should have intended to kill the snake. It was an honoured guest and an uncrowned king living into the bowels of the earth. It had accepted my hospitality. So as a host I must not have thrown the log at it. But I did and I shall regret it throughout my life !

D.H. Lawrence

Question 7.
Alliteration is the repetition of sounds in words, usually the first sound. Sibilance is
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
To what effect has the poet used these devices ? How has it added to your understanding of the subject of the poem ? You may record your understanding of snake characteristics under the following headings :

(a) Sound
(b) Movement
(c) Shape

Answer:

By using alliteration, sibilance and onomatopoeia D. H. Lawrence has succeeded in creating a kind of visual and sensory effect on us. In line ‘And trailed his yellow-brown slackness soft-bellied down’, we feel the onomatopoeiac effect in ‘trailed’, ‘slackness’, and ‘soft-bellied down’. We almost hear both the sound and the movement of the snake. Equally in line ‘And flickered his two-forked tongue’, |f| sound (sibilance) and onomatopoeiac effect in ‘flickered’ lend a visual and sensory movement to the snake.

In line ‘Softly drank through his straight gums, into his slack long body/Silently’, the |s| sound conveys the snake’s feature of its long body. Obviously, these lines give out the effect of the physical feature of the snake through sibilance. In doing so, the poet has succeeded in making us understand the snake through the sound, movement a d shape. Another example of onomatopoeic word ‘slowly’ and |s| sound indicating the use of sibilance, conveys this effect: ‘And slowly turned his head,/And slowly, very slowly, as if thrice a dream’.

Question 8.
The poet has also used both repetition and similes in the poem. For example—‘must wait, must stand and wait’ (repetition) and ‘looked at me vaguely as cattle do’ (simile).
Pick out examples of both and make a list of them in your notebooks. Give reasons why the poet uses these literary devices.

Answer:

The following are the lines chosen from the poem showing repetition of sounds :

Alliteration

Similes

1. as drinking/cattle do
2. And lifted his head, dreamily, as one who has drunken.
3. And looked around like a god
4. And slowly, very slowly, as if thrice a dream.

Note : Students themselves can find out more similes by seeing comparison between two things where as or like have been used.

Question 9.
A calligram is a poem, phrase, or word in which the handwriting is arranged in a way that creates a visual image. The image created by the words expresses visually what the word, or words, say. In a poem, it manifests visually the theme presented by the text of the poem. Read the poem given below. Try to compose a calligram. You could pick a subject of your choice.
Answer:
For self-attempt by students.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Chapter 12 Snake help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Chapter 12 Snake, Nor the Gilded Monuments, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Maths in Hindi Medium Paper 4 are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Maths in Hindi Medium. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Maths in Hindi Medium Paper 4.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Maths in Hindi Medium Paper 4

Board

CBSE

Class

10

Subject

Maths

Sample Paper Set

Paper 4

Category

CBSE Sample Papers

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 10 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme, as prescribed by the CBSE, is given here. Paper 4 of Solved CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Maths in Hindi Medium is given below with free PDF download Answers.

Time allowed: 3 hours
Maximum marks: 80

सामान्य निर्देश:

• सभी प्रश्न अनिवार्य हैं।
• इस प्रश्न-पत्र में 30 प्रश्न हैं।
• खण्ड A में प्रश्न संख्या 1-6 प्रश्न अतिलघुत्तरीय हैं जिनमें से प्रत्येक 1 अंक का है।
• खण्ड B में प्रश्न संख्या 7-12 प्रश्न लघुत्तरीय हैं जिनमें से प्रत्येक 2 अंक का है।
• खण्ड C में प्रश्न संख्या 13-22 प्रश्न दीर्घ उत्तरीय-I हैं जिनमें से प्रत्येक 3 अंक का है।
• खण्ड D में प्रश्न संख्या 23-30 प्रश्न दीर्घ उत्तरी-II हैं जिनमें से प्रत्येक 4 अंक का है।

SECTION A

प्रश्न संख्या 1 से 6 तक प्रत्येक प्रश्न 1 अंक का है।

Question 1.
दी गई आकृति में, यदि DE || BC, AE = 8 cm, EC = 2 cm तथा BC = 6 cm है, तो DE का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 2.
\(10\cdot \frac { 1-{ cot }^{ 2 }{ 45 }^{ 0 } }{ 1+{ sin }^{ 2 }{ 90 }^{ 0 } }\) का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 3.
आकृति में, PQ तथा PR केंद्र O वाले वृत्त की दो स्पर्श रेखाएँ हैं। यदि ∠QPR = 46° है, तो ∠QOR का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 4.
यदि दो भिन्न-भिन्न पासों को एक साथ उछाला जाए, तो दोनों पासों पर सम संख्या के आने की प्रायिकता ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 5.
यदि बिंदु A(x, 2), B(-3, -4) तथा C(7, -5) संरेखी हैं, तो x को मान ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 6.
ऊँचाई 45 सेमी तथा व्यास 4 सेमी वाले धातु के एक ठोस बेलन को पिघला कर 6 सेमी व्यास वाले ठोस गोले बनाए गए। ठोस गोलों की संख्या ज्ञात कीजिए।

SECTION B

प्रश्न संख्या 7 से 12 तक प्रत्येक प्रश्न के 2 अंक हैं।

Question 7.
भाजक के उस प्रधान घटक को ढूंढिए जिसे सरल रूप से व्यक्त की गई तर्कसंगत संख्या \(6.\bar { 12 }\) में व्यक्त किया है।

Question 8.
द्विघात समीकरण ज्ञात कीजिए जिसके शून्यकों का योग तथा गुणनफल क्रमशः √3 तथा \(\frac { 1 }{ \surd 3 }\) हो।

Question 9.
एक आयत ABCD में, E, AD को मध्यबिंदु है। यदि AD = 40 m तथा AB = 48 m है तो EB का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
अथवा
निम्नलिखित सारणी एक कक्षा के विद्यार्थियों को मिले साप्ताहिक जेबखर्च को दर्शाती है। अधिकतम विद्यार्थियों को मिले जेबखर्च की गणना कीजिए।

Question 10.
द्विघात समीकरण 2x² + ax – a² = 0 को x के लिए हल कीजिए।

Question 11.
एक समांतर श्रेढी का प्रथम पद 5 तथा अंतिम पद 45 है। यदि इस श्रेढी के सभी पदों का योग 400 है, तो इसका सार्वअंतर ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 12.
सिद्ध कीजिए कि वृत्त की दो समांतर स्पर्श रेखाओं के स्पर्श बिंदुओं को मिलाने वाला रेखाखण्ड वृत्त के केन्द्र से होकर जाता है।

SECTION C

प्रश्न संख्या 13 से 22 तक प्रत्येक प्रश्न के 3 अंक हैं।

Question 13.
सिद्ध कीजिए कि 3 + 2√3 एक अपरिमेय संख्या है।

Question 14.
एक आदमी की मासिक आय उसकी पत्नी की मासिक आय से ₹ 600 अधिक है। आदमी की आय के दसवें भाग तथा पत्नी की आय के छठे भाग का योग ₹ 1,500 है, जो कि उनकी मासिक बचत है। उनकी मासिक आय ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 15.
जाँच कीजिए कि x – 1, बहुपद x³ – 8x² + 19x – 12 का एक गुणनखंड है या नहीं। विभाजन एल्गोरिथ्म को सत्यापित कीजिए।

Question 16.
यदि दो समान त्रिभुज ABC और DEF की परिधि क्रमशः 50 cm और 70 cm और ∆ABC = 20 cm के एक तरफ है तो ∆DEF के संबंधित पक्ष को ढूंढिए।
अथवा
आकृति में, यदि DE || OB तथा EF || BC है, सिद्ध कीजिए कि DF || OC.

Question 17.
गरीब लड़कियों की मदद के लिए उनकी कक्षा के विद्यार्थियों द्वारा बचाए गए जेबखर्च को निम्नलिखित तालिका द्वारा दर्शाया गया है:

आँकड़ों का माध्य तथा माध्यिका ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 18.
यदि एक समांतर श्रेढी का सातवां पद \(\frac { 1 }{ 9 }\) है तथा उसके नौंवाँ पद \(\frac { 1 }{ 7 }\) है, तो उसका 63 वाँ पद ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 19.
यदि बिंदु A(0, 2), बिंदुओं B(3, p) तथा C(p, 5) से समदूरस्थ है, तो p का मान ज्ञात कीजिए। AB की लंबाई भी ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 20.
यदि बिंदु A(-2, 1), B(a, b) तथा C(4, -1) संरेखी हैं तथा a – b = 1 है तो a तथा b के मान ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 21.
आकृति में, 12 सेमी भुजा वाली एक समबाहु त्रिभुज ABC के अंतर्गत एक वृत्त खींचा गया है जिसका केंद्र O है। अंत:वृत्त की त्रिज्या ज्ञात कीजिए तथा छायांकित भाग को क्षेत्रफल ज्ञात कीजिए। [π = 3.14 तथा √3 = 1.73 लीजिए।]

अथवा
आकृति में, PSR, RTQ तथा PAQ तीन अर्द्धवृत्त हैं जिनके व्यास क्रमशः 10 सेमी, 3 सेमी तथा 7 सेमी है। छायांकित भाग का परिमाप ज्ञात कीजिए। [π = 3.14 लीजिए।]

Question 22.
एक किसान अपने खेत में 10 मी व्यास और 2 मी गहरी एक बेलनाकार टंकी को आंतरिक व्यास 20 सेमी व्यास वाले एक पाइप द्वारा नहर से जोड़ता है। यदि पाइप में पानी 4 किमी/घंटा की चाल से बह रहा है तो कितने समय में टंकी पूरी भर जाएगी?
अथवा
20 सेमी ऊँचाई और 60° शीर्षकोण वाले एक ठोस धातु के लंबवृत्तीय शंकु को उसकी ऊँचाई के बीचों-बीच से होकर जाते एक तल से दो भागों में काटा गया है जबकि तल शंकु के आधार के समांतर है। यदि प्राप्त शंकु के छिन्नक को \(\frac { 1 }{ 12 }\) सेमी व्यास वाले एक तार के रूप में खींचा जाता है, तो तार की लंबाई ज्ञात कीजिए।

SECTION D

प्रश्न संख्या 23 से 30 तक प्रत्येक प्रश्न के 4 अंक हैं।

Question 23.
सीता देवी गली के जानवरों को पेयजल उपलब्ध कराने के उद्देश्य से सड़क के किनारे आयताकार तालाब बनवाना चाहती है। यदि तालाब की लंबाई में 2 फुट की कमी तथा चौड़ाई में 1 फुट की वृद्धि कर दी जाए तो उसका क्षेत्रफल 3 वर्गफुट कम हो जाएगा। यदि इसकी लंबाई में 1 फुट की वृद्धि तथा चौड़ाई में कोई परिवर्तन न किया जाए तो इसका क्षेत्रफल 4 वर्गफुट बढ़ जाएगा। तालाब की लंबाई एवं चौड़ाई ज्ञात कीजिए।
सीता देवी को गली के जानवरों के लिए पेयजल उपलब्ध करवाने के लिए किस बात ने प्रेरित किया?

Question 24.
ΔABC में, लम्ब AD तथा CE एक-दूसरे को बिंदु P पर प्रतिच्छेद करती हैं। सिद्ध कीजिए:
(i) ΔAPE ~ ΔCPD
(ii) AP x PD = CP x PE
(iii) ΔADB ~ ΔCEB
(iv) AB x CE = BC x AD

Question 25.
सिद्ध कीजिए : (cot A + sec B)² – (tan B – cosec A)² = 2 (cot A . sec B + tan B . cosec A)
अथवा
सिद्ध कीजिए : (sinθ + cosθ + 1) . (sinθ – 1 + cosθ) . secθ . cosecθ = 2

Question 26.
नीचे दी गई बारंबारता सारणी विद्यार्थियों के समूह के द्वारा प्राप्त की गई जेबखर्च की राशि को दर्शाती है:

उपरोक्त सारणी से ‘से अधिक प्रकार’ का तोरण बनाइए तथा उससे माध्यिका निकालिए। माध्यिका गणना का सत्यापन कीजिए।

Question 27.
एक मोर एक 9 मी ऊँचे स्तंभ के शिखर पर बैठा है। स्तंभ के तेल से 27 मी की दूरी पर एक सांप स्तंभ के आधार पर स्थित छिद्र की ओर आ रहा है। सांप को देखकर मोर उसकी ओर झपटता है, यदि उन दोनों की गति समान है तो सांप अपने छिद्र से कितनी दूरी पर पकड़ा गया?
अथवा
दो प्राकृत संख्याओं का अंतर 5 है तथा उनके व्युतक्रमों का अंतर \(\frac { 1 }{ 10 }\) है, तो संख्याएँ ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 28.
एक 60 मी ऊँची बिल्डिंग के शिखर से एक मीनार के शिखर तथा पाद के उन्नयण कोण तथा अवनमन कोण क्रमश: 30° तथा 60° हैं। बिल्डिंग तथा मीनार की ऊँचाइयों का अंतर तथा उनके बीच की दूरी ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 29.
एक बैग में कार्ड हैं, जिन पर 1 से 49 तक की संख्याएँ अंकित हैं। इन कार्डों को अच्छी प्रकार से मिलाकर, उनमें से यादृच्छया एक कार्ड निकाला गया। प्रायिकता ज्ञात कीजिए कि निकाले गए कार्ड पर अंकित संख्या:
(i) एक विषम संख्या है।
(ii) 5 का गुणज है।
(iii) एक पूर्ण वर्ग संख्या है।
(iv) एक सम अभाज्य संख्या है।

Question 30.
सुशांत के पास ऊपर से खुला उल्टे शंकु के आकार का एक बरतन है जिसकी ऊँचाई 11 सेमी तथा ऊपरी सिरे की त्रिज्या 2.5 सेमी है। यह बरतन पानी से पूरा भरा हुआ है। इस बरतन में 0.5 सेमी व्यास की धातु की गोलाकार गोलियाँ डाली गईं जिनसे बरतन के पानी का \(\frac { 2 }{ 5 }\) वाँ भाग बाहर आ गया। ज्ञात कीजिए कि इस बरतन में कितनी गोलियाँ डाली गईं। सुशांत ने ऐसा प्रबंध किया कि बरतन से निकली पानी सीधा फूलों की क्यारियों को सींच सके। सुशांत ने इस कार्य से किस मूल्य का प्रदर्शन किया।
अथवा
ऊँचाई 2.8 सेमी और व्यास 4.2 सेमी वाले एक ठोस बेलन में से इसी ऊँचाई और इसी व्यास वाला एक शंक्वाकार खोल काट लिया जाता है। शेष बचे ठोस का पृष्ठीय क्षेत्रफल ज्ञात कीजिए। [π = \(\frac { 22 }{ 7 }\) लीजिए।]

SOLUTIONS

Solution 1.

Solution 2.

Solution 3.
∠OQP = 90° [वृत्त की स्पर्श रेखाएँ, स्पर्श बिंदु से जाने वाली त्रिज्या पर लंब होती हैं।]
∠ORP = 90°
∠OQP + ∠QPR + ∠ORP + ∠QOR = 360° …..[चतुर्भुज के चारों कोणों का योग गुणधर्म]
90° + 46° + 90° + ∠QOR = 360°
∠QOR = 360° – 90° – 46° – 90° = 134°

Solution 4.
दो पासे फेंकने पर कुल परिणाम = 6 x 6 = 36
दोनों पासों पर संख्या प्राप्त करने के संभावित परिणाम
{(2,2), (2,4), (2,6) {(4,2), (4,4), (4,6)}, (6,2), (6,4), (6,6)}
अर्थात्, 9
P(सम संख्या) = \(\frac { 9 }{ 36 }\) = \(\frac { 1 }{ 4 }\)

Solution 5.

x + 63 = 0
x = -63

Solution 6.

Solution 7.

Solution 8.

Solution 9.

Solution 10.

Solution 11.

Solution 12.
दिया है : CD और EF, । हैं एक केन्द्र O वाले वृत्त के दो बिंदु A तथा B पर समांतर स्पर्श रेखाएँ हैं।
सिद्ध करना है: AB, केन्द्र O से गुजरने वाली रेखा है अथवा AOB वृत्त का व्यास है।
रचना : OA तथा OB को मिलाया। OM || CD खींचा।
उपपत्ति : ∠1 = 90° …(i) [वृत्त की स्पर्श रेखा स्पर्श बिंदु से पाने वाली त्रिज्या पर लंब होती है।]
OM || CD
∠1 + ∠2 = 180° …[एक ही ओर बने कोण]
90° + ∠2 = 180° …[(1) से]
∠2 = 180° – 90° = 90°
इसी प्रकार, ∠3 = 90°
∠2 + ∠3 = 90° + 90° = 180°
AOB एक सरल रेखा है।
अतः O केन्द्र वाले वृत्त पर AOB एक व्यास है।
AB केन्द्र O से गुजरता है।

Solution 13.

Solution 14.
माना पत्नी की मासिक आय = ₹ x
तब आदमी की मासिक आय = ₹ (x + 600)

Solution 15.

Solution 16.

Solution 17.

Solution 18.

Solution 19.

Solution 20.

Solution 21.

Solution 22.

Solution 23.

Solution 24.

Solution 25.

Solution 26.

Solution 27.

Solution 28.

Solution 29.

Solution 30.

We hope the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Maths in Hindi Medium Paper 4 help you. If you have any query regarding CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Maths in Hindi Medium Paper 4, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Maths in Hindi Medium Paper 3 are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Maths in Hindi Medium. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Maths in Hindi Medium Paper 3.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Maths in Hindi Medium Paper 3

Board	CBSE
Class	10
Subject	Maths
Sample Paper Set	Paper 3
Category	CBSE Sample Papers

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 10 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme, as prescribed by the CBSE, is given here. Paper 3 of Solved CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Maths in Hindi Medium is given below with free PDF download Answers.

Time allowed: 3 hours
Maximum marks: 80

सामान्य निर्देश:

• सभी प्रश्न अनिवार्य हैं।
• इस प्रश्न-पत्र में 30 प्रश्न हैं।
• खण्ड A में प्रश्न संख्या 1-6 प्रश्न अतिलघुत्तरीय हैं जिनमें से प्रत्येक 1 अंक का है।
• खण्ड B में प्रश्न संख्या 7-12 प्रश्न लघुत्तरीय हैं जिनमें से प्रत्येक 2 अंक का है।
• खण्ड C में प्रश्न संख्या 13-22 प्रश्न दीर्घ उत्तरीय-I हैं जिनमें से प्रत्येक 3 अंक का है।
• खण्ड D में प्रश्न संख्या 23-30 प्रश्न दीर्घ उत्तरी-II हैं जिनमें से प्रत्येक 4 अंक का है।

SECTION A

प्रश्न संख्या 1 से 6 तक प्रत्येक प्रश्न का 1 अंक है।

Question 1.
यदि ΔABC ~ ΔRPQ है, AB = 3 cm, BC = 5 cm, AC = 6 cm, RP = 6 cm और PQ = 10 तो QR की लंबाई ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 2.
ΔABC एक समकोण त्रिभुज है जिसमें tan B = \(\frac { 12 }{ 5 }\), तो sin B का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 3.
एक समकोण त्रिभुज ABC में, ∠B समकोण है, BC = 12 सेमी तथा AB = 5 सेमी है। इस त्रिभुज के अंतर्गत खींचे गए वृत्त की त्रिज्या (सेमी में) ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 4.
3 बच्चों के परिवार में, कम-से-कम एक लड़का होने की प्रायिकता ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 5.
ABCD एक आयत है जिसके तीन शीर्ष B(4, 0), C(4, 3) तथा D(0, 3) हैं। आयत के एक विकर्ण की लंबाई ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 6.
10 सेमी त्रिज्या के वृत्त की एक जीवा केंद्र पर समकोण अंतरित करती है। इस जीवा की लंबाई (सेमी में) ज्ञात कीजिए।

SECTION B

प्रश्न संख्या 7 से 12 तक प्रत्येक प्रश्न के 2 अंक हैं।

Question 7.
सिद्ध कीजिए कि 2 + 3√5 एक अपरिमेय संख्या है।

Question 8.
द्विघात समीकरण 3x² – 75 के शून्यक ज्ञात कीजिए तथा शून्यकों व गुणांकों के बीच संबंध की सत्यता की जाँच कीजिए।

Question 9.
आकृति में, EF || AC, BC = 10 cm, AB = 13 cm तथा EC = 2 cm है। AF की लम्बाई ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 10.
101 तथा 999 के बीच 2 और 5 दोनों से विभाज्य प्राकृत संख्याओं की संख्या ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 11.
आकृति में, केंद्र O₁ तथा O₂ वाले दो वृत्तों की उभयनिष्ठ स्पर्श रेखाएँ AB तथा CD बिंदु E पर काटती हैं। सिद्ध कीजिए कि AB = CD.

अथवा
एक समद्विबाहु त्रिभुज ABC, जिसमें AB = AC है, के अंतर्गत खींचा गया वृत्त, भुजाओं BC, CA तथा AB को क्रमशः बिंदुओं D, E तथा F पर स्पर्श करता है। सिद्ध कीजिए कि BD = DC है।

Question 12.
यदि एक ठोस अर्द्धगोले का सम्पूर्ण पृष्ठीय क्षेत्रफल 462 वर्ग सेमी है, तो इसका आयतन ज्ञात कीजिए। [π = \(\frac { 22 }{ 7 }\) लीजिए]

SECTION C

प्रश्न संख्या 13 से 22 तक प्रत्येक प्रश्न के 3 अंक हैं।

Question 13.
एक द्विघात समीकरण ज्ञात करो। जिनके शून्यकों का योग व गुणनफल क्रमशः -8 तथा 12 है। अतः शून्यक ज्ञात करो।

Question 14.
दो संख्याएँ ज्ञात कीजिए जिनका योग 75 तथा 15 अंतर है।

Question 15.
8m लंबे खंभे की भूमि पर छाया 6m लंबी है तथा उसी समय टॉवर की छाया की लंबाई 30 m है। टॉवर की ऊँचाई ज्ञात करो।
अथवा
चतुर्भुज ABCD के विकर्ण एक दूसरे को बिंदु O पर प्रतिच्छेद करते हैं जिससे \(\frac { AO }{ BO }\) = \(\frac { CO }{ DO }\)। दर्शाइये कि ABCD एक समलंब है।

Question 16.
यदि cos x = cos 40° . sin 50° + sin 40° . cos 50° है, तब x का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 17.
निम्नलिखित बारम्बारता सारणी कक्षा X के विद्यार्थियों की ऊँचाई को दर्शाती है:

बहुलक की ऊँचाई ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 18.
52 पत्तों की ताश की एक गड्डी में से लाल रंग की बेगमें तथा काले रंग के गुलाम निकाल दिए गए। शेष पत्तों को अच्छी प्रकार फेंटने के बाद उनमें से यादृच्छया एक पत्ता निकाला गया। प्रायिकता ज्ञात कीजिए कि निकाला गया पत्ता:
(i) एक बादशाह है।
(ii) लाल रंग का हो
(iii) एक तस्वीर वाला पत्ता हो
(iv) एक बेगम हो।

Question 19.
एक समांतर श्रेढी के 5वें और 9वें पदों का योगफल 30 है। यदि इसका 25वां पद इसके 8वें पद का तीन गुना है, तो समांतर श्रेढी ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 20.
एक त्रिभुज की रचना कीजिए, जिसकी भुजाएँ 5 सेमी, 5.5 सेमी तथा 6.5 सेमी हैं। फिर एक अन्य त्रिभुज की रचना कीजिए, जिसकी भुजाएँ, दिए हुए त्रिभुज की संगत भुजाओं की \(\frac { 3 }{ 5 }\) गुनी हों।

Question 21.
यदि बिंदु P(k – 1, 2) बिंदुओं A(3, k) तथा B(k, 5) से समदूरस्थ हैं, तो k के मान ज्ञात कीजिए।
अथवा
वह अनुपात ज्ञात कीजिए जिसमें बिंदुओं A(3, -3) तथा B(-2, 7) को मिलाने वाला रेखाखण्ड x-अक्ष से विभाजित होता है। इस विभाजन बिंदु के निर्देशांक भी ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 22.
6 मी चौड़ी तथा 1.5 मी गहरी एक नहर में पानी 4 किमी प्रति घण्टे की चाल से बह रहा है। 10 मिनट में यह नहर कितने क्षेत्रफल की सिंचाई कर पाएगी यदि सिंचाई के लिए 8 सेमी गहरे पानी की आवश्यकता है?
अथवा
आकृति में, ABCD एक समलंब है जिसका क्षेत्रफल 24.5 वर्ग सेमी है। इसमें AD || BC, ∠DAB = 90°, AD = 10 सेमी तथा BC = 4 सेमी है। यदि ABE एक वृत का चतुर्थांश है, तो छायांकित भाग का क्षेत्रफल ज्ञात कीजिए। [π = \(\frac { 22 }{ 7 }\) लीजिए]

SECTION D

प्रश्न संख्या 23 से 30 तक प्रत्येक प्रश्न के 4 अंक हैं।

Question 23.
टैक्सी कम्पनी के मालिक ने सभी टैक्सियों के लिए पेट्रोल या डीज़ल के स्थान पर CNG इस्तेमाल करने का निर्णय किया। नगर में टैक्सी के भाड़े में एक नियत भाड़े के अतिरिक्त चली गई दूरी पर भाड़ा सम्मिलित किया जाता है। 12 km की दूरी के लिये भाड़ा ₹ 89 तथा 20 km के लिए भाड़ा ₹ 145 है।
(i) एक व्यक्ति को 30 km यात्रा करने पर कितना भाड़ा देना होगा?
(ii) मालिक ने पेट्रोल की जगह CNG को प्रयोग करने का निर्णय क्यों लिया?
अथवा
यदि बहुपद 3x⁴ – 4x³ – 16x² + 15x + 14 को अन्य बहुपद x² – 4, से भाग करने पर शेषफल px + q ज्ञात होता है। p तथा q का माने ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 24.
दी गई आकृति में, ABCD एक आयत है जिसकी चौड़ाई BC = 7 cm तथा ∠CAB = 30° है। आयत की भुजा की लम्बाई AB तथा विकर्ण AC की लम्बाई ज्ञात करो। यदि ∠CAB = 60° है तो भुजा AB का क्या माप होना चाहिए। [√3 = 1.73 तथा √2 = 1.41 लीजिए।]

Question 25.
सिद्ध कीजिए b²x² – a²y² = a²b², यदि:
(i) x = a sec θ, y = b tan θ
(ii) x = a cosec θ, y = b cot θ

Question 26.
भूमि पर स्थित बिंदु A से 120 मी की दूरी पर स्थित एक मीनार के शिखर का उन्नयन कोण 45° है। यदि मीनार के शिखर पर लगे एक ध्वजदंड के ऊपरी सिरे का बिंदु A पर उन्नयन कोण 60° है, तो ध्वजदंड की ऊँचाई ज्ञात कीजिए। [√3 = 1.73 लीजिए]
अथवा
भूमि के एक बिंदु से एक वायुयान का उन्नयन कोण 60° है। 30 सेकंड की उड़ान के बाद यह उन्नयन कोण 30° हो जाता है। यदि यह वायुयान 3000√3 मी की अचर ऊँचाई पर उड़ रहा है, तो वायुयान की गति ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 27.
स्कूल में हुए ‘खेल-दिवस’ पर 150 विद्यार्थियों ने भाग लिया। निम्नलिखित सारणी उन विद्यार्थियों की आयु को दर्शाता है।

दिए गए आंकड़ों से ‘से अधिक’ प्रकार का तोरण बनाइए तथा वक्र से माध्यक ज्ञात कीजिए। उचित गणना द्वारा सत्यापन कीजिए।

Question 28.
एक नाव की शांत जल में चाल 18 km/h है। यदि नाव को 24 km धारा के प्रतिकूल जाने की तुलना में अनुकूल जाने पर 1 घंटा अधिक लगता है। धारा की चाल ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 29.
आकृति में, 10 सेमी त्रिज्या के एक वृत्त की 16 सेमी लंबी एक जीवा PQ है। बिंदु P तथा बिंदु Q पर स्पर्श रेखाएँ परस्पर एक बिंदु T पर प्रतिच्छेद करती है। TP की लंबाई ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 30.
ऊपर से खुला एक बरतन शंकु के छिन्नक के आकार का है, जिसकी ऊँचाई 24 सेमी है तथा निचले तथा ऊपरी वृत्तीय सिरों की त्रिज्याएँ क्रमशः 8 सेमी तथा 20 सेमी है। ₹ 21 प्रति लीटर की दर से इस बरतन को पूरा भर सकने वाले दूध का मूल्य ज्ञात कीजिए। [π = \(\frac { 22 }{ 7 }\) लीजिए]
अथवा
एक तम्बू एक शंकु के छिन्नक के आकार का है जिस पर एक शंकु अध्यारोपित है, यदि छिन्नक के ऊपरी और निचले वृत्ताकार सिरों का व्यास क्रमशः 14 मी तथा 26 मी है, छिन्नक की ऊँचाई 8 मी है तथा अध्यारोपित शंक्वाकार भाग की तियर्क ऊँचाई 12 मी हो तो, तम्बू बनाने के लिए आवश्यक कैनवास का क्षेत्रफल ज्ञात कीजिए (माना गया है कि छिन्नक के ऊपरी वृत्ताकार की त्रिज्या तथा अध्यारोपित शंकु के आधार की त्रिज्या समान है)।

SOLUTIONS

Solution 1.

Solution 2.

Solution 3.

Solution 4.
कुल परिणाम, S = {bbb, bbg, ggb, geg}
कम से कम 1 लड़का = {bbb, bbg, ggb} = 3
P(कम से कम 1 लड़का) = \(\frac { 3 }{ 4 }\)

Solution 5.
AB = 4 इकाइयाँ
BC = 3 इकाइयाँ
AC² = AB² + BC² …[पाइथागोरस प्रमेयानुसार]
= (4)² + (3)² = 16 + 9 = 25
AC = 5 सेमी।

Solution 6.
AB² = OA² + OB² …[पाइथागोरस प्रमेयानुसार]
AB² = 10² + 10²
AB² = 2(10)²
AB = 10√2

Solution 7.
यदि हम इसके विपरीत मान लें 2 + 3√5 कि एक परिमेय संख्या है।
अतः हम ऐसी सहअभाज्य संख्याएँ a तथा b (b ≠ 0) ज्ञात कर सकते हैं कि 2 + 3√5 = \(\frac { a }{ b }\) समीकरण को पुनर्व्यवस्थित करने पर।
चूँकि a तथा b पूर्णांक हैं।
\(\frac { a }{ 3b }\) – \(\frac { 2 }{ 3 }\) एक परिमेय संख्या है अतः √5 एक परिमेय संख्या है जिससे इस तथ्य का विरोधाभास प्राप्त । होता है कि √5 एक अपरिमेय संख्या है।
इसलिए हम निष्कर्ष प्राप्त करते है कि 2 + 3√5 एक अपरिमेय संख्या है।

Solution 8.

Solution 9.

Solution 10.
2 और 5 दोनों से विभाज्य संख्याएँ : 110, 120, 130, …, 990
यहाँ a = 110, a = 120 – 110 = 10
a_n = 990
जैसा कि हम जानत हैं, : a + (n – 1) d = a_n
110 + (n – 1)(10) = 990
(n – 1) (10) = 990 – 110 = 880
(n – 1) = 88
n = 88 + 1 = 89

Solution 11.
EA = EC …(i) ….. [वृत्त के बाह्य बिंदु से खींची गई स्पर्श रेखाओं की लंबाई समान होती हैं।]
EB = ED …(ii)
EA + EB = EC + ED …[समीकरण (i) तथा (ii) को जोड़ने पर]
AB = CD
अथवा

दिया है : एक ΔABC जिसमें एक अंत:वृत्त बिंदुओं D, E, तथा F पर त्रिभुज की भुजाओं BC, CA तथा AB को क्रमशः स्पर्श करता है। AB = AC
सिद्ध करना है : BD = CD
उपपत्ति : वृत्त की बाह्य बिंदु से खींची गई स्पर्श रेखाओं की लंबाई समान होती हैं।
AF = AE …..(i)
BF = BD …(ii)
CD = CE ….(iii)
(i), (ii) तथा (iii) को जोड़ने पर,
AF + BF + CD = AE + BD + CE
⇒ AB + CD = AC + BD
परंतु AB = AC …[दिया है।]
CD = BD

Solution 12.

Solution 13.
माना शून्यकों का योग (α + β) = S = -8
शून्यकों का गुणनफल (α x β) = P = 12
द्विद्यात समीकरण : x² – Sx + P = 0
⇒ x² – (-8)x + 12 = 0
⇒ x² + 8x + 12 = 0
⇒ x² + 6x + 2x + 12 = 0
⇒ x (x + 6) + 2 (x + 6) = 0
⇒ (x + 2)(x + 6) = 0
शून्यक हैं x + 2 = 0 अथवा x + 6 = 0
x = -2 अथवा x = -6

Solution 14.
माना x तथा y दो संख्याएँ हैं।
प्रश्नानुसार,
x + y = 75 …..(i)
x – y = ±15 …..(ii)

Solution 15.

Solution 16.
cos x = cos 40° sin 50° + sin 40° cos 50°
⇒ cos x = cos 40° sin(90° – 40°) + sin 40° . cos(90° – 40°)
⇒ cos x = cos 40° cos 40° + sin 40° sin 40° …… [ sin (90° – A) = cos A, cos (90° – A) = sin A ]
⇒ cos x = cos²40° + sin²40°
⇒ cos x = 1 …[cos²A + sin²A = 1]
⇒ cos x = cos 0°
⇒ x = 0°

Solution 17.

Solution 18.
लाल बेगमों की संख्या = 2
काले गुलामों की संख्या = 2
शेष पत्ते = 52 – 2 – 2 = 48
(i) P(एक बादशाह) = \(\frac { 4 }{ 48 }\) = \(\frac { 1 }{ 12 }\)
(ii) P(लाल रंग) = \(\frac { 24 }{ 48 }\) = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\)
(iii) P(एक तस्वीर वाला पत्ता) = \(\frac { 8 }{ 48 }\) = \(\frac { 1 }{ 6 }\)
(iv) P(एक बेगम) = \(\frac { 2 }{ 48 }\) = \(\frac { 1 }{ 24 }\)

Solution 19.
दिया है : a₅ + a₉ = 30
a + 4d + a + 8d = 30 …[a_n = a + (n – 1)d]
2a + 12d = 30
a + 6d = 15 …[2 से भाग करने पर]
a = 15 – 6d …(i)
a₂₅ = 3(a₈)
a + 24d = 3(a + 7d)
15 – 6d + 24d = 3(15 – 6d + 7d) ….[(i) से]
15 + 18d = 3(15 + d)
15 + 18d = 45 + 3d
18d – 3d = 45 – 15
15d = 30
d = 2
(i) से, a = 15 – 6(2) = 15 – 12 = 3
A.P. है a, a + a, a + 2d, a + 3d, …
3, 5, 7, 9, ……..

Solution 20.

अत: ∆AB’C’ एक अभीष्ठ त्रिभुज है।

Solution 21.

Solution 22.

Solution 23.

Solution 24.

Solution 25.

Solution 26.

Solution 27.

Solution 28.

Solution 29.

Solution 30.

We hope the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Maths in Hindi Medium Paper 3 help you. If you have any query regarding CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Maths in Hindi Medium Paper 3, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Maths in Hindi Medium Paper 2 are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Maths in Hindi Medium. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Maths in Hindi Medium Paper 2.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Maths in Hindi Medium Paper 2

Board	CBSE
Class	10
Subject	Maths
Sample Paper Set	Paper 2
Category	CBSE Sample Papers

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 10 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme, as prescribed by the CBSE, is given here. Paper 2 of Solved CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Maths in Hindi Medium is given below with free PDF download Answers.

Time allowed: 3 hours
Maximum marks: 80

सामान्य निर्देश:

• सभी प्रश्न अनिवार्य हैं।
• इस प्रश्न-पत्र में 30 प्रश्न हैं।
• खण्ड A में प्रश्न संख्या 1-6 प्रश्न अतिलघुत्तरीय हैं जिनमें से प्रत्येक 1 अंक का है।
• खण्ड B में प्रश्न संख्या 7-12 प्रश्न लघुत्तरीय हैं जिनमें से प्रत्येक 2 अंक का है।
• खण्ड C में प्रश्न संख्या 13-22 प्रश्न दीर्घ उत्तरीय-I हैं जिनमें से प्रत्येक 3 अंक का है।
• खण्ड D में प्रश्न संख्या 23-30 प्रश्न दीर्घ उत्तरी-II हैं जिनमें से प्रत्येक 4 अंक का है।

SECTION A

प्रश्न संख्या 1 से 6 तक प्रत्येक प्रश्न 1 अंक का है।

Question 1.
तर्कसंगत संख्या का दशमलव विस्तार \(\frac { 43 }{ { 2 }^{ 4 }{ \cdot 5 }^{ 3 } }\) दशमलव के कितने स्थान के बाद समाप्त हो जाएगा।

Question 2.
यदि ax + by = a² – b² तथा bx + ay = 0 है, तो (x + 1) का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 3.
यदि समचतुर्भुज के दो विकर्णो की लम्बाई 24 cm तथा 32 cm है। समचतुर्भुज की ऊँचाई की गणना कीजिए।

Question 4.
समांतर श्रेढी \(\frac { 1 }{ p }\) , \(\frac { 1-p }{ p }\) , \(\frac { 1-2p }{ p }\), …… को सार्वअंतर ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 5.
आकृति में, ∆ABC का क्षेत्रफल (वर्ग इकाई में) ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 6.
आकृति में, एक बाह्य बिंदु P से केन्द्र C वाले वृत्त पर खींची गई दो स्पर्श रेखाएँ PA तथा PB हैं। यदि वृत्त की त्रिज्या 4 सेमी है तथा PA ⊥ PB है, तो प्रत्येक स्पर्श रेखा की। लम्बाई ज्ञात कीजिए।

SECTION B

प्रश्न संख्या 7 से 12 तक प्रत्येक प्रश्न के 2 अंक हैं।

Question 7.
एक द्विघात समीकरण ज्ञात कीजिए जिसके शून्यक क्रमशः -2 तथा -5 हैं। शून्यकों व गुणाकों के बीच संबंध की सत्यता की जाँच कीजिए।

Question 8.
एक द्विघात समीकरण ज्ञात कीजिए जिसके शून्यक \(\frac { 3+\surd 5 }{ 5 }\) तथा \(\frac { 3-\surd 5 }{ 5 }\) हैं।

Question 9.
निम्न द्विघात समीकरण को x के लिए हल कीजिए: 4√3 x² + 5x – 2√3 = 0
अथवा
तीन अंकों वाली कितनी प्राकृत संख्याएँ 7 से विभाज्य हैं?

Question 10.
एक त्रिभुज ABC के अंतर्गत बना हुआ वृत्ते उसकी भुजाओं AB, BC तथा AC को क्रमशः बिंदुओं D, E तथा F पर स्पर्श करता है। यदि AB = 12 cm, BC = 8 cm तथा AC = 10 cm है, तो AD, BE तथा CF की लंबाईयाँ ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 11.
एक अच्छी प्रकार से फेंटी गई 52 पत्तों की ताश की गड्डी में से एक पत्ता यादृच्छया निकाला गया। प्रायिकता ज्ञात कीजिए कि निकाला गया पत्ता न तो बादशाह है और न ही बेगम है।

Question 12.
14 सेमी x 7 सेमी विमाओं वाले एक आयताकार कार्ड-बोर्ड में से दो परस्पर स्पर्शी, अधिकतम क्षेत्रफल तथा समान त्रिज्या वाले वृत्ताकार टुकड़े काट दिए गए। शेष बचे कार्ड-बोर्ड का क्षेत्रफल ज्ञात कीजिए। [π = \(\frac { 22 }{ 7 }\) लीजिए|]

SECTION C

प्रश्न संख्या 13 से 22 तक प्रत्येक प्रश्न के 3 अंक हैं।

Question 13.
तीन घंटियाँ क्रमशः 9, 12, 15 मिनट के अंतराल पर बजती हैं। यदि वे एक साथ बजना शुरू होती हैं, तो वे दोबारा किस समय एक साथ बजेंगी।

Question 14.
निम्न रैखिक समीकरण को x तथा के लिए हल कीजिए :
\(\frac { b }{ a } x+\frac { a }{ b } y={ a }^{ 2 }+{ b }^{ 2 }\); x + y = 2ab

Question 15.
दर्शाइए कि \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) तथा \(\frac { -3 }{ 2 }\) बहुपद 4x² + 4x – 3 के शून्यक हैं तथा बहुपद के शून्यक व गुणांक के बीच संबंध की सत्यता की जाँच कीजिए।

Question 16.
यदि एक ΔABC की भुजा AB तथा AC को एक रेखाखंड क्रमश: बिंदु D और E पर काटता है जो कि भुजा BC के समांतर है। सिद्ध करें \(\frac { AD }{ AB }\) = \(\frac { AE }{ AC }\)
अथवा
आकृति में, ΔPQR में Q एक समकोण है जिसमें PQ = 6 cm तथा PR = 12 cm है। ∠QPR तथा ∠PRQ का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 17.
यदि 5 sinθ = 4 है, तो सिद्ध कीजिए कि \(\frac { 1 }{ cos\theta } +\frac { 1 }{ cot\theta } =3\)

Question 18.
k के किस मान के लिए द्विघात समीकरण kx (x – 2) + 6 = 0 के मूल समान हैं?
अथवा
समांतर श्रेढी 18, 15\(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\), 13, .., -49\(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) के पदों की संख्या ज्ञात कीजिए तथा इसके सभी पदों का योगफल ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 19.
एक त्रिभुज की रचना कीजिए जिसकी भुजाएँ 5 सेमी, 4 सेमी तथा 6 सेमी हैं। फिर एक अन्य त्रिभुज की रचना कीजिए जिसकी भुजाएँ पहली त्रिभुज की संगत भुजाओं की \(\frac { 2 }{ 3 }\) गुना हों।

Question 20.
वह अनुपात ज्ञात कीजिए जिसमें y-अक्ष, बिंदुओं (-4, -6) तथा (10, 12) को मिलाने वाले रेखाखण्ड को विभाजित करता है। विभाजन-बिंदु के निर्देशांक भी ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 21.
एक बर्तन एक अर्धगोलाकार कटोरे पर अध्यारोपित खोखले बेलन के आकार का है जिसके व्यास समान हैं। अर्धगोलाकार कटोरे का व्यास 14 सेमी है तथा इस बर्तन की कुल ऊँचाई 13 सेमी है। बर्तन का कुल पृष्ठीय क्षेत्रफल ज्ञात कीजिए। [π = \(\frac { 22 }{ 7 }\) लीजिए)

Question 22.
लकड़ी के एक ठोस बेलन के प्रत्येक सिरे पर से उसी त्रिज्या का एक अर्धगोला खोदकर निकालते हुए, एक खिलौना बनाया गया। यदि बेलन की ऊँचाई 10 सेमी हैं और आधार की त्रिज्या 3.5 सेमी हैं, तो इस खिलौने की लकड़ी का आयतन ज्ञात कीजिए। [π = \(\frac { 22 }{ 7 }\) लीजिए।
अथवा
21 सेमी त्रिज्या वाले वृत्त की एक चाप, केन्द्र पर 60° का कोण अंतरित करती हैं। ज्ञात कीजिए:
(i) चाप की लंबाई
(ii) चाप द्वारा बनाए गए त्रिज्याखण्ड का क्षेत्रफल। [π = \(\frac { 22 }{ 7 }\) लीजिए]

SECTION D

प्रश्न संख्या 23 से 30 तक प्रत्येक प्रश्न के 4 अंक हैं।

Question 23.
एक स्कूल में कक्षा X में 104 विद्यार्थी हैं तथा कक्षा IX में 96 विद्यार्थी हैं। एक आंतरिक परीक्षा में विद्यार्थियों को समांतर पंक्तियों में ऐसे बैठे होना चाहिए ताकि कोई भी दो सटी हुई पंक्तियाँ एक ही कक्षा की न हों।
(a) बैठने की व्यवस्था के लिए प्रत्येक वर्ग की समानांतर पंक्तियों की अधिकतम संख्या बताइए।
(b) एक ही पंक्ति में बैठे कक्षा IX और कक्षा X के विद्यार्थियों की संख्या भी बताइए।
(c) ऐसी व्यवस्था के लिए स्कूल प्रशासन का क्या उद्देश्य हैं?

Question 24.
आकृति में, AD त्रिभुज ABC की माध्यिका है और AE ⊥ BC. सिद्ध कीजिए b² + c² = 2p² + \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) a²

Question 25.
यदि sin θ + cos θ = m तथा sec θ + cosec θ = n है तो सिद्ध कीजिए n (m² – 1) = 2m.
अथवा
∆ABC में, सिद्ध कीजिए sin²\(\frac { A }{ 2 }\) + sin²\(\frac { B+C }{ 2 }\) = 1.

Question 26.
निम्नलिखित आँकड़ों की माध्यिका 32 हैं। यदि कुल बारंबारता 100 हो तो, f1 तथा f2 को मान ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 27.
निम्नलिखित को x के लिए हल कीजिए:
\(\frac { 1 }{ 2a+b+2x } =\frac { 1 }{ 2a } +\frac { 1 }{ b } +\frac { 1 }{ 2x }\)
अथवा
दो वर्गों के क्षेत्रफलों का योग 400 वर्ग सेमी है। यदि इनके परिमापों का अंतर 16 सेमी है, तो दोनों वर्गों की भुजाएँ ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 28.
एक मीनार के पाद-बिंदु से एक भवन के शिखर का उन्नयन कोण 300 है और भवन के पाद-बिन्दु से मीनार के शिखर का उन्नयन कोण 60° है। यदि मीनार 60 मी० ऊँची हो, तो भवन की ऊँचाई ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 29.
एक समांतर चतुर्भुज ABCD के तीन शीर्ष A(3, -4), B(-1, -3) तथा C(-6, 2) हैं। शीर्ष D के निर्देशांक ज्ञात कीजिए तथा ABCD का क्षेत्रफल ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 30.
2 सेमी आंतरिक व्यास वाले बेलनाकार पाइप से पानी 0.4 मी/से० की दर से एक बेलनाकार टैंक में जा रहा है। यदि टैंक के आधार की त्रिज्या 40 सेमी है, तो ज्ञात कीजिए कि आधे घंटे में टैंक में पानी का स्तर कितना बढ़ जाएगा?
अथवा
आकृति में, ABC एक समकोण त्रिभुज A पर है। AB, AC तथा BC को व्यास मानकर अर्द्धवृत्त खींचे जाते हैं तो छायांकित भाग का क्षेत्रफल ज्ञात कीजिए।

SOLUTIONS

Solution 1.

Solution 2.

Solution 3.

Solution 4.

Solution 5.
∆ABC का क्षे० = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) x आधार x शीर्षलंब = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) x 5 x 3 = 7.5 वर्गमात्रक

Solution 6.
रचना : AC तथा BC को मिलाया।
उत्पत्ति : ∠1 = ∠2 = 90° [वृत्त की स्पर्श रेखाएँ, स्पर्श बिंदु से जाने वाली त्रिज्या पर लंब होती हैं।
APBC एक वर्ग है।
प्रत्येक स्पर्श रेखा की लंबाई, AC
त्रिज्या = 4 cm

Solution 7.

Solution 8.

Solution 9.

3 अंकों की संख्याएँ हैं, 100, 101, 102, …, 999
3 अंकों की 7 से विभाज्य संख्याएँ हैं,
105, 112, 119, 126, …, 994
a = 105, d = 7, a_n = 994, n = ?
जैसा कि हम जानते हैं, a + (n – 1)d = a_n
105 + (n – 1) 7 = 994
(n – 1) 7 = 994 – 105 = 889
(n – 1) = 127
n = 127 + 1 = 128

Solution 10.

माना AD = AF = x
BD = BE = y तथा CE = CF = z
AB = 12 cm … [दिया है।]
x + y = 12 cm …(i)
उसी प्रकार, y + z = 8 cm …(ii)
तथा x + z = 10 cm …(iii)
(i), (ii) तथा (iii) को जोड़ने पर,
2(x + y + z) = 30
x + y + z = 15
z = 15 – 12 = 3 …[x + y = 12]
z का मान (ii) तथा (iii) में रखने पर।
y + 3 = 8 ⇒ y = 8 – 3 = 5
x + 3 = 10 ⇒ x = 10 – 3 = 7
AD = 7 cm, BE = 5 cm, CF = 3 cm

Solution 11.
एक ताश की गड्डी में 4 बादशाह तथा 4 बेगम हैं।
P (न बादशाह और न ही बेगम) = 1 – P (बादशाह तथा बेगम)
= 1 – (\(\frac { 8 }{ 52 }\)) = 1 – \(\frac { 2}{ 13 }\) = \(\frac { 11 }{ 13 }\)

Solution 12.

Solution 13.
9, 12, 15 का LCM लेने पर,
9 = 3², 12 = 2² x 3, 15 = 3 x 5
LCM = 2² x 3² x 5 = 4 x 9 x 5 = 180 मिनट या 3 घंटे
घंटियाँ 3 घंटे के बाद एक साथ बजेंगी।

Solution 14.

Solution 15.

Solution 16.

Solution 17.

Solution 18.

Solution 19.
रचना के पद :
∆ABC बनाया जिसमें AC = 6 cm, AB = 5 cm तथा BC = 4 cm है।
AC पर न्यूनकोण बनाती हुई एक किरण AC खींची। AX पर 3 बिंदु अंकित किए।
CA₃ को मिलाया तथा A₂C’ || CA₃ खींचा।
बिंदु C’ से B’C’ || BC खींचा। |
अत: ∆AB’C’ एक वांछित त्रिभुज है।

Solution 20.

Solution 21.

Solution 22.

Solution 23.
हम 104 तथा 96 को
HCF ज्ञात करते हैं।
104 = 2³ x 13
96 = 2⁵ x 3
HCF = 2³ = 8
एक पंक्ति में 8 विद्यार्थी हैं।
(a) कक्षा X के विद्यार्थियों की पंक्तियों की संख्या = \(\frac { 104 }{ 8 }\) = 13
कक्षा IX के विद्यार्थियों की पंक्तियों की संख्या = \(\frac { 96 }{ 8 }\) = 12
कुल पंक्तियों की संख्या = 13 + 12 = 25
(b) एक पंक्ति में कक्षा IX के विद्यार्थियों की संख्या = 8
एक पंक्ति में कक्षा X के विद्यार्थियों की संख्या = 8
(c) मूल्य : ऐसी व्यवस्था के पीछे स्कूल प्रशासन का मुख्य उद्देश्य एक निष्पक्ष परीक्षा से है, ताकि कोई भी विद्यार्थी अपनी ही कक्षा के विद्यार्थी से किसी भी प्रकार की सहायता में ले सके।

Solution 24.

Solution 25.

Solution 26.

Solution 27.

Solution 28.

Solution 29.

Solution 30.

We hope the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Maths in Hindi Medium Paper 2 help you. If you have any query regarding CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Maths in Hindi Medium Paper 2, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science in Hindi Medium Paper 3 is part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science in Hindi Medium . Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science in Hindi Medium Paper 3

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science in Hindi Medium Paper 3

Board	CBSE
Class	X
Subject	Science
Sample Paper Set	Paper 3
Category	CBSE Sample Papers

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 10 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme as prescribed by the CBSE is given here. Paper 3 of Solved CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science in Hindi Medium is given below with free PDF download solutions.

समय : 3 घण्टे
पूर्णांक : 80

सामान्य निर्देश :

• इस प्रश्न पत्र के दो भाग, A व B हैं। आप को दोनों भाग करने हैं।
• सभी प्रश्न अनिवार्य हैं।
• भाग A के सभी प्रश्न एक साथ करने हैं तथा भाग B के सभी प्रश्न एक साथ करने हैं।
• भाग A के प्रश्न सं० 1 व 2 एक अंक के हैं। इनका उत्तर एक शब्द अथवा एक वाक्य में लिखना है।
• प्रश्न सं० 3 से 5 तक दो अंक के हैं। इनका उत्तर 30 शब्दों में (प्रत्येक प्रश्न के लिए) लिखिए।
• प्रश्न सं० 6 से 15 तक तीन अंक के हैं। इनमें से प्रत्येक प्रश्न का उत्तर 50 शब्दों में लिखिए।
• प्रश्न सं० 16 से 21 तक पाँच अंक के हैं। इनमें से प्रत्येक प्रश्न का उत्तर 70 शब्दों में लिखिए।
• भाग B के प्रश्न सं० 22 से 27 तक प्रयोगात्मक कौशल पर आधारित हैं। प्रत्येक प्रश्न दो अंक का है।

SECTION A

प्र०1.
एक चालक कुण्डलित तार में विद्युतधारा अभिप्रेरित करने की एक विधि लिखिए।

प्र०2.
तापीय विद्युत संयंत्र अधिकतर कोयले की खानों अथवा तेल के कुओं के नज़दीक ही क्यों लगाये जाते हैं? इसका कोई एक कारण लिखिए।

प्र०3.
धावन सोडा तथा प्लास्टर ऑफ पेरिस के अणुओं के साथ कितने जले के अणु जुड़े होते हैं? इन जल अणुओं को क्या नाम दिया गया है?

प्र०4.
तीन प्रतिरोधक, जिनका मान क्रमशः 10 Ω, 15 Ω तथा 5 Ω है, परस्पर समांतर क्रम में जुड़े हुए हैं। इनका परिणामी प्रतिरोध ज्ञात कीजिए।

प्र०5.
भारत सरकार पॉलिथीन की थैलियों को बंद क्यों करवाना चाहती है? इन थैलियों के बदले क्या उपयोग में लाना चाहिए, इसके लिए कोई दो सुझाव दीजिए। स्पष्ट कीजिए कि इनके प्रयोग को बंद करने से पर्यावरण कैसे ठीक होगा?

प्र०6.
(i) 25 वाट के बल्ब से प्रवाहित होने वाली विद्युतधारा का मान ज्ञात कीजिए, यदि यह बल्ब 250 वोल्ट पर जल रहा है?
(ii) विद्युत ताप उपकरणों में चालक तार मिश्र धातु से क्यों बनी होती है?

प्र०7.
धातु निष्कर्षण की परिभाषा लिखिए, तथा रिक्त स्थान भरें।
धातु निष्कर्षण के चार मुख्य चरण हैं :
(i) अयस्क का ………
(ii) अयस्क का उसके …….. में परिवर्तन होना।
(iii) ऑक्साइड अयस्क का ……..
(iv) धातु का ………

प्र०8.
नीचे दिए गए विद्युत परिपथ में A तथा B बिंदुओं के बीच प्रतिरोध ‘R’ ज्ञात कीजिए।

अथवा
(a) एक क्रियाकलाप द्वारा दर्शाएं कि एक छड़ चुबंक के ध्रुवों के पास उसका चुबंकीय क्षेत्र सबसे अधिक प्रबल होता है।
(b) एक छड़ चुबंक के
(i) भीतर व
(ii) बाहर, उसकी बल रेखाओं की दिशा लिखिए।

प्र०9.
निम्नलिखित का उत्तर कारण सहित लिखिए।
(a) धमनियों की दीवारें मोटी होती हैं?
(b) मछलियों के हृदय में रक्त एक चक्र में केवल एक ही बार जाता है।
(c) पौधों को कम ऊर्जा की आवश्यकता होती है।

प्र०10.
अभी जब सरकार ने एक विशेष क्षेत्र में एक नाभिक संयंत्र लगाने का विचार बनाया तो वहाँ के एक NGO (गैर सरकारी संस्था) तथा कुछ स्थानीय लोगों ने इसके विरूद्ध आवाज़ उठाई। उन लोगों ने सरकार से यह संयंत्र लगाने से पहले वहाँ के लोगों की सुरक्षा निश्चित करने की मांग उठाई जिसे पूरा करने का सरकार ने उन्हें भरोसा दिलाया।
(a) अब उत्तर दीजिए कि यह कदम वहाँ के स्थानीय लोगों के किस गुण को दर्शाता है?
(b) लोगों की ऐसी दो चिंताओं के विषय में लिखिए (जो कि नाभिकीय संयंत्र को लेकर थी) जिसके लिए वह सरकार से सुरक्षा की मांग कर रहे थे?

प्र०11.
कार्बन-यौगिकों में प्रकार्यात्मक समूह का अर्थ लिखिए।
(i) एथेनॉल में और
(ii) एथेनॉइक अम्ल में उपस्थित प्रकार्यात्मक समूह का नाम एवं उसकी संरचनो खींचिए।

प्र०12.
तत्वों के समूह की संयोजकता पर आधारित प्रत्येक की न्यायोचितता बताते हुए निम्नलिखित यौगिकों के सूत्र लिखिए :
(i) पहले समूह के तत्वों के ऑक्साइड,
(ii) तेरहवें समूह के तत्वों के हैलाइड, तथा
(iii) वह यौगिक जो दूसरे समूह के किसी तत्व तथा सोलहवें समूह के किसी तत्व के संयोजन से बनते है।
अथवा
(a) निम्नलिखित की परिभाषा लिखिए :
(i) संयोजकता;
(ii) परमाणु आकार
(b) आधुनिक आर्वत सारणी में किसी आवर्त में बाएं से दाएं जाने पर तत्वों की संयोजकता व उनके परमाणु आकार किस प्रकार बदलते हैं?

प्र०13.
(a) इसका प्रमाणे दीजिए कि पक्षियों का विकास सरीसृपों से हुआ है।
(b) कीटों, ऑक्टोपस, प्लैनेरिया और कशेरुकियों में भी आँख की संरचना होती है। क्या हम इन जीवों को इनकी आँखों के आधार पर एक साथ समूहित कर सकते हैं? अपने उत्तर की कारण सहित पुष्टि कीजिए।

प्र०14.
कोई गोलीय दर्पण 50 सेमी दूरी पर स्थित पर्दे पर -1 आवर्धन का प्रतिबिम्ब बनाता है।
(a) दर्पण की प्रकृति लिखिए।
(b) बिम्ब की प्रतिबिम्ब से दूरी ज्ञात कीजिए।
(c) दर्पण की फोकस दूरी कितनी है?
(d) इस प्रकरण में प्रतिबिम्ब बनना दर्शाने के लिए किरण आरेख खींचिए।

प्र०15.
कारण सहित व्याख्या कीजिए कि पृथ्वी के पृष्ठ से किसी प्रेक्षक को आकाश नीला क्यों दिखाई देता है? पृथ्वी की परिक्रमा कर रहे अन्तर्राष्ट्रीय अन्तरिक्ष स्टेशन में स्थित किसी अन्तरिक्ष यात्री को आकाश | कैसा प्रतीत होगा? अपने उत्तर की पुष्टि कारण सहित कीजिए।

प्र०16.
शुद्ध लोहा धातु नरम होती है तथा गर्म करने पर आसानी से खिंच जाती है।
(a) लोहे का यह गुण कैसे बदल जाता है।
(i) जब उसमें थोड़ी-सी मात्रा में कार्बन मिला देते हैं?
(ii) जब लोहे में निक्कल तथा क्रोमियम धातुओं को मिला देते हैं।
(b) एक मिश्र धातु जिसका उपयोग विद्युत फ्यूज़ बनाने में किया जाता है। उसका नाम लिखिए तथा उस मिश्र धातु को बनाने वाले तत्वों के नाम भी लिखिए।
(c) मिश्र धातु किसे कहते हैं? एक मिश्र धातु को कैसे बनाया जाता हैं?

प्र०17.
(a) AC तथा DC के कोई दो अंतर लिखिए।।
(b) एक व्यक्ति एक माइक्रोवेव जिसकी शक्ति 2kW है, को 220 V तथा 5 A विद्युत धारा के परिपथ पर चलाता है। इसका क्या परिणाम होगा, कारण सहित व्याख्या करें।
(c) AC तथा DC की आवर्ति लिखिए।

प्र०18.
मनुष्य के श्वसन तंत्र के चित्र को बनाकर, उस पर निम्नलिखित नामांकित करें :
(a) श्वासनली |
(b) कूपिका
(c) श्वसनिकाएँ
(d) कंठ
संक्षेप में गैसों के आदान-प्रदान में फेफड़े के कार्य लिखिए।

प्र०19.
कारण सहित व्याख्या कीजिए कि ऐसा क्यों है कि कार्बन न तो C⁴⁺ धनायन और न ही C^4- ऋणायन बना सकता है, परन्तु सहसंयोजी यौगिक बनाता है। कारण सहित यह भी उल्लेख कीजिए कि सहसंयोजी यौगिक है।
(a) विद्युत के कुचालक क्यों होते हैं?
(b) कम गलनांक और क्वथनांक वाले क्यों होते हैं?

प्र०20.
(a) एकलिंगी तथा उभयलिंगी पुष्पों में प्रत्येक का एक-एक उदाहरण दीजिए।
(b) किसी पुष्प में निषेचन के पश्चात होने वाले परिवर्तनों का उल्लेख कीजिए।
(c) प्रत्येक नयी पीढ़ी दो संततियों की DNA प्रतिकृतियों का संयोजन होती है, फिर भी उसमें DNA की मात्रा नियत कैसे रहती है? स्पष्ट कीजिए।
अथवा
(a) मानव मादा जनन तंत्र के उस भाग का नाम लिखिए :
(i) जो अण्ड उत्पन्न करता है,
(ii) जहाँ अण्ड और शुक्राणु का संलयन होता है,
(iii) जहाँ युग्मनज ( निषेचित अण्ड) स्थापित होता है।
(b) संक्षेप में वर्णन कीजिए कि स्थापित होने के पश्चात युग्मज को क्या होता है।

प्र०21.
कोई छात्र किसी लेंस का उपयोग करके मोमबत्ती की ज्वाला के प्रतिबिम्ब को स्कूल-प्रयोगशाला की दीवार पर प्रक्षेपित करना चाहता है :
(a) उसे किस प्रकार का लेंस उपयोग करना चाहिए और क्यों?
(b) लेंस की फोकस दूरी ‘F’ के अनुसार मोमबत्ती को लेंस से कितनी दूरी पर रखना चाहिए कि दीवार पर मोमबत्ती का ।
(i) विवर्धित (बड़ा),
(ii) छोटा प्रतिबिम्ब बने।
(c) प्रत्येक प्रकरण में प्रतिबिम्ब बनना दर्शाने के लिए किरण आरेख खींचिए।

SECTION B

प्र०22.
नीचे दिये गये चित्रों में विद्युत धारा का मान एमीटर से तथा विभवांतर का मान वोल्टमीटर से ज्ञात कर, उनके आधार पर चालक को प्रतिरोध ज्ञात करें।

प्र०23.
दो प्रतिरोधक R1 = 10Ω तथा R2 = 10Ω को 20 वोल्ट की बैटरी से जोड़ा गया है, जैसा कि चित्रों में दिखाया गया, तीनों परिपथों में से किसमें अधिक मात्रा में विद्युत धारा प्रवाहित हो रही है, उसका मान ज्ञात कीजिए।

प्र०24.
कॉलम (A) के रसायनों का कॉलम (B) में दिये गये रसायन सूत्रों से मिलान कीजिए। कॉलम A

प्र०25.
आप क्या प्रेक्षण देखेंगे
जब Zn धातु को तनु HCl अम्ल वाली एक परखनली में डालते हैं तो निकलने वाली गैस की पहचान आप कैसे करेंगे? इस गैस का एक मुख्य उपयोग लिखिए।

प्र०26.
अमीबा में जनन क्रिया की स्लाइड देखने पर आप क्या विशेष बात देखते हैं? इस जनन विधि का क्या नाम है?

प्र०27.
अवतल दर्पण की फोकस दूरी ज्ञात करने के लिए बिम्ब की स्थिति प्रतिबिम्ब की स्थिति कहाँ पर देखी जाती है? प्रतिबिम्ब कहाँ प्राप्त करते हैं तथा इसकी प्रकृति कैसी है?

Answers

उत्तर 1-
चालक कुण्डलित तार में विद्युत धारा तब अभिप्रेरित होती है जब एक स्थिर चुबंक के चुबंकीय क्षेत्र में उस कुण्डलित तार को घुमाया जाता है।

उत्तर 2-
तापीय विद्युत संयंत्र अधिकतर कोयले की खानों तथा तेल के कुओं के निकट लगाए जाते हैं क्योंकि यदि संयंत्रों को इन स्थानों से दूर स्थापित किया तो इनके परिवहन में ही बहुत अधिक खर्च उठाना पड़ेगा।

उत्तर 3-
धावन सोडे के अणु के साथ 10 जल के अणु जुड़े होते हैं। (Na₂CO₃ 10H₂O)
प्लास्टर ऑफ पेरिस अणु के साथ औसतन ½ जल के अणु जुड़े होते हैं।
(CaSO₄.½ H₂O or 2CaSO₄ H₂O). इन्हें क्रिस्टलीय जल अणु भी कहते हैं।

उत्तर 4-
R₁ = 10 Ω
R₂ = 15 Ω
R₃ = 5 Ω
यदि ‘R’ उनका परिणामी प्रतिरोध है, तो

उत्तर 5-
पॉलिथीन पदार्थ का जैवीय अपघटन नहीं होता अतः ये पदार्थ प्रकृति में अविषाक्त रूप से विघटित नहीं हो पाते। यदि पॉलिथीन की थैलियाँ जानवरों द्वारा खा ली जाएं तो यह उनकी आंतों में फंसकर उनकी मृत्यु को कारण बन सकती है। वर्षा के दिनों में ये थैलियाँ नालियों में बहकर सीवर को ब्लॉक कर देती हैं।
पॉलिथीन थैलियों के विकल्पों के लिए दो सुझाव :
(i) पॉलिथीन की थैलियों के बदले हमें घर के बने कपड़े या जूट से बने थैलों का उपयोग करना चाहिए।
(ii) ट्रेन में चाय देने के लिए प्लास्टिक कपों की जगह डिस्पोजेबल पेपर से बने कपों का उपयोग करना चाहिए।
(iii) दुकानदारों को भी पॉलिथीन थैलियों के स्थान पर पेपर से बने थैलों का प्रयोग करना चाहिए। पॉलीथीन व प्लास्टिक की बनी थैलियों को बंद करने पर पर्यावरण के प्रदूषण की समस्या पर कुछ नियंत्रण
हो पायेगा। इससे नालियों तथा नालों के पानी के बहाव में आने वाली रुकावटे भी कम होगी।

उत्तर 6-
(i) P = 25 वाट
V = 250 वोल्ट
I = ?
P = V x I
या I = \(\frac { P }{ V }\)
I = \(\frac { 25 }{ 250 }\) = 0.1 A
(ii) विद्युत ताप उपकरणों में चालक तार मिश्र धातु की बनी होती है क्योंकि इनकी गलनांक ताप उच्च होता है। इनकी प्रतिरोधकता उच्च होती है जिसके कारण विद्युत धारा गुजरने पर यह बहुत अधिक ऊष्मा उत्पन्न करते हैं।

उत्तर 7-
धातु के अयस्क से शुद्ध धातु को प्राप्त करने के लिए प्रयोग की गई सभी भौतिक तथा रासायनिक विधियों को धातु निष्कर्षण कहते हैं। धातु निष्कर्षण के चार मुख्य चरण हैं :
(i) अयस्क का सान्द्रण।
(ii) अयस्क को उसके धातु ऑक्साइड में परिवर्तन होना।
(iii) ऑक्साइड अयस्क का अपचयन।
(iv) धातु का परिष्करण (शुद्धीकरण)

उत्तर 8-
ऊपर प्रश्न में दिए गए प्रतिरोधों को हम इस विद्युत परिपथ की तरह दिखा सकते हैं :

अथवा
(a) एक छड़ चुबंक को ड्राईंग पेपर पर रखकर, उसके चारों तरफ उसकी परिधि पर पेंसिल से लाइन लगाकर एक दिक्सूचक की सहायता से, चुबंकीय बल रेखाएँ । खींचते हैं। जैसा कि इस क्रियाकलाप के चित्र से दिखाई । देता है कि ये बल रेखाएँ छड़ चुबंक के उत्तरी तथा दक्षिणी ध्रुव के पास अधिक संख्या में बनती हैं। इससे पता चलता । हैं कि ध्रुवों के पास चबंकीय क्षेत्र सबसे अधिक प्रबल दिक्सूचक होता है।

(b) (i) छड़ चुबंक के भीतर चुबंकीय बल रेखाएँ S ध्रुव से N ध्रुव की दिशा में जाती हैं।
(ii) छड़ चुबंक के बाहर चुबंकीय बल रेखाएँ N ध्रुव से S ध्रुव की दिशा में जाती है।

उत्तर 9-
(a) धमनियाँ हृदय से रक्त लेकर शरीर के अन्य भागों तक पहुँचाती हैं। धमनियों में हृदय से रक्त उच्च दाब | से डाला जाता है इसलिए इस उच्च दाब को सहने के लिए धमनियों की दीवारें मोटी होती हैं।
(b) मछलियों में हृदय के केवल दो कोष्ठक होते हैं-एक अलिंद तथा एक निलय। उनमें ऑक्सीकृत तथा अनॉक्सीकृत रक्त अलग-अलग नहीं किया जा सकता जिसके कारण उनके हृदय के माध्यम से रक्त हृदय में एक चक्र में केवल एक ही बार आता है।
(c) पौधे एक ही जगह पर स्थिर रहते हैं इसलिए उन्हें कम कार्य करने पड़ते है। उनकी कोशिकाओं को तीव्रता से पदार्थों की आपूर्ति करने की आवश्यकता नहीं होती जिसके कारण पौधों को कम ऊर्जा की आवश्यकता होती है।

उत्तर 10-
(a) यह कदम स्थानीय लोगों की सुरक्षा तथा स्वास्थ्य के प्रति चिंता व जागरूकता को दर्शाता है।
(b) सुरक्षा मांगने के पीछे लोगों की दो चिंताएँ :
(i) लोगों को जानकारी थी कि नाभिकीय संयत्र में उपयोग होने के बाद बचे हुए ईधन का सुरक्षित भण्डारण एक बड़ी समस्या होगी क्योंकि इस बचे हुए ईंधन से हानिकारक विकिरणें निकलती हैं।
(ii) कभी-कभी इन संयंत्रों में हानिकारक विकिरणों के रिसाव के कारण बड़ी दुर्घटनाएँ घटित हो जाती है। जिनका मनुष्यों तथा वातावरण पर हानिकारक प्रभाव होता है।

उत्तर 11-
प्रकार्यात्मक समूह-किसी कार्बन यौगिक के अणु में उपस्थित एक विशेष परमाणु या परमाणु समूह, जिस पर उस यौगिक के रासायनिक गुण निर्भर करते हैं, उस विशेष परमाणु या परमाणु समूह को उस यौगिक का प्रकार्यात्मक समूह कहते हैं।

उत्तर 12-
(i) पहले समूह के तत्वों के ऑक्साइड :
पहले समूह का तत्व = A संयोजकता = +1
ऑक्साइड = O संयोजकता = -2
∴ रासायनिक सूत्र :

(ii) तेरहवें समूह के तत्वों के हैलाइड :
माना तेरहवें समूह का तत्व = M संयोजकता = +3
माना हैलाइड तत्व = X संयोजकता = -1
∴ रासायनिक सूत्र :

(iii) वह यौगिक जो दूसरे समूह के किसी तत्व तथा सोलहवें समूह के किसी तत्व के संयोजन से बनते
माना दूसरे समूह की तत्व = X संयोजकता = +2
सोलहवें समूह का एक तत्व = Y संयोजकता = -2
∴ रासायनिक सूत्र :

अथवा
(a) (i) संयोजकता-किसी तत्व की दूसरे तत्वों के साथ यौगिक बनाने के लिए मिलने की क्षमता को उस तत्त्वे की संयोजकता कहते हैं।
• किसी भी तत्व की संयोजकता उसके परमाणु के सबसे बाहरी कोश में उपस्थित संयोजकता इलेक्ट्रॉनों की संख्या से निर्धारित होती है।
• संयोजकता एक संख्या है जो यह प्रदर्शित करती है कि जब कोई परमाणु इलेक्ट्रॉन प्राप्त करता है या खोता है या साझा करता है। जब वह अपने ही तत्व के परमाणु से या किसी अन्य परमाणु से आबंध बनाता है। (ii) परमाणु आकार-एक तत्व के एक स्वतंत्र परमाणु के केन्द्र से उसके सबसे बाहरी कोश तक की दूरी को उसका परमाणु साइज़ कहते हैं।
(b) आवर्त में बाएं से दाएं ओर जाने पर तत्वों की संयोजकता पहले 1 से 4 तक बढ़ती है तथा उसके बाद यह घटते हुए 0 (शून्य) तक आती है।
इसी प्रकार आवर्त में बाईं से दाईं ओर जाने पर परमाणु आकार घटता जाता है।

उत्तर 13-
(a) कुछ विशेष प्रकार के जीवाश्मों के अध्ययन से यह पाया गया है कि इन जीवाश्मों में कुछ गुण सरीसृप वर्ग के जीवों के तथा कुछ गुण पक्षियों के पाये गए हैं। उदाहरण के लिए, आर्कियोप्टेरिक्स जीव का जीवाश्म। आर्कियोप्टेरिक्स में पक्षी की तरह पंख वाले पर थे परंतु दांत एवं पूंछ जैसे गुण सरीसृप वाले पाए गए हैं, इसलिए हम कह सकते हैं कि पक्षियों का विकास सरीसृपों से हुआ है।
(b) हम इन जीवों को केवल उनमें आँख होने के आधार पर एक समूह में समूहित नहीं कर सकते हैं। क्योंकि इन सभी जीवों में कुछ अन्य मूल गुण एक-दूसरे से भिन्न हैं, जैसे प्लेनेरिया में हृदय आदि संरचना का न होना। कीटों में खुला रक्त परिवहन तंत्र होता है जबकि कशेरुकियों में बंद रक्त परिवहन तंत्र होता है।

उत्तर 14-
यदि आवर्धन, m = -1
υ = 50 cm
क्योंकि आवर्धन ऋणात्मक है इसका मतलब प्रतिबिंब वास्तविक तथा उलटा बनता है।
∴υ = -50 (वास्तविक प्रतिबिंब के लिए)

उत्तर 15-
जब सूर्य का प्रकाश वायुमण्डल से गुजरता है, तो वायु के सूक्ष्म कण लाल रंग की अपेक्षा नीले रंग (छोटी तरंगदैर्थ्य) को अधिक प्रबलता से प्रकीर्ण करते हैं। प्रकीर्णित हुआ नीला प्रकाश हमारे नेत्रों में प्रवेश करता है अतः स्वच्छ आकाश को रंग नीला दिखाई देता है। यदि पृथ्वी पर वायुमंडल न होता तो कोई प्रकीर्णन न हो पाता, तब आकाश काला प्रतीत होता।
पृथ्वी की परिक्रमा कर रहे अन्तर्राष्ट्रीय अन्तरिक्ष स्टेशन में स्थित किसी अन्तरिक्ष यात्री को आकाश काला प्रतीत होता है, क्योंकि ऊपर अन्तरिक्ष में वायुमंडल नहीं होता है, जिसके कारण, सूर्य के प्रकाश का प्रकीर्णन नहीं हो पाता है, इसलिए आकाश काला प्रतीत होता है।

उत्तर 16-
(a) (i) जब कार्बन की थोड़ी मात्रा को लोहे में मिलाया जाता है तो यह मिश्र धातु बन जाता है जिसे स्टील कहते हैं। यह स्टील कम लचीला तथा भंगुर होता है।
(ii) लोहे में निक्कल (Ni) तथा क्रोमियम (Cr) धातुओं को मिलाने पर यह एक मिश्र धातु बन जाता | है जिसे स्टेनलेस स्टील कहते है। इस धातु पर कभी जंग नहीं लगता। स्टेनलेस स्टील का उपयोग खाने के बरतन, चाकू, कैंची इत्यादि बनाने में किया जाता है।
(b) फ्यूज़ एक मिश्र धातु से बनाया जाता है। जिसका गलनांक ताप निम्न होता है। यह टिन तथा सीसे (लैड, Pb) से बनी हुई मिश्र धातु है जिसमें 63% टिन तथा 37% सीसा होता है।
(c) मिश्र धातु दो या दो से अधिक धातुओं अथवा एक धातु या एक अधातु का समांगी मिश्रण है। मिश्र धातु को बनाने की प्रक्रिया-किसी मिश्र धातु को बनाने के लिए पहले मूल धातु को गलित अवस्था में लाया जाता है एवं उसके बाद दूसरे तत्वों को एक निश्चित अनुपात में इसमें विलीन किया जाता है। फिर इसे कमरे के ताप पर ठंडा करके ठोस रूप दिया जाता है।

उत्तर 17-
(a)

(b) माइक्रोवेव की शक्ति, P = 2 kW = 2000 वाट विभवांतर, V = 220 वोल्ट ।
आवश्यक विद्युत धारा, I = ?
∴I = \(\frac { P }{ V }\) = \(\frac { 2000 }{ 220 }\) = 9A (लगभग)
माइक्रोवेव को 9A की आवश्यकता है परन्तु उसे 5 A विद्युत धारा के परिपथ पर चलाया जा रहा है इस कारण यह माइक्रोवेव ठीक से कार्य नहीं कर पाएगा तथा उसके परिपथ की फ्यूज़ तार जल्दी से पिघल कर टूट जाएगी।

उत्तर 18-

फेफड़ों का गैसों के आदान-प्रदान में कार्य-फेफडों की कृपिकाओं के चारों तरफ रक्त की केशिकाएँ होती। हैं। जब सांस भीतर ले जाने पर, फेफड़ों की कूपिकाओं में वायु भर जाती है तो इन कूपिकाओं से वायु की O₂ गैस केशिकाओं द्वारा रक्त में चली जाती है तथा रक्त से CO₂ गैस केशिकाओं से फेफड़ों में की जाती है। इसलिए अब फेफड़ों में अधिक मात्रा की CO₂ गैस वाली वायु होती है, जिसे सांस छोड़ने की क्रिया से शरीर से नासद्वारों द्वारा बाहर निकाल दिया जाता है।

उत्तर 19-
कार्बन के सबसे बाहरी कोश में 4 इलेक्ट्रॉन होते हैं तथा उत्कृष्ट गैस विन्यास को प्राप्त करने के लिए। इसको 4 इलेक्ट्रॉन प्राप्त करने या खोने की आवश्यकता होती है।
कार्बन परमाणु से C^4- ऋणायन बनने पर इसमें कुल 10 इलेक्ट्रॉन हो जाते हैं, जिन्हें नाभिक के छह प्रोटॉन संतुलित नहीं कर पाते। इसलिए इस प्रकार का ऋणायन नहीं बन पाता है।
कार्बन परमाणु को C⁴⁺ धनायन बनने के लिए 4 इलेक्ट्रॉन खोने पड़ते हैं। बाहरी कक्ष के इन 4 इलेक्ट्रॉनों को खोने के लिए अत्यधिक ऊर्जा की आवश्यकता होती है जो रासायनिक क्रियाओं में उपलब्ध नहीं हो पाती है। इसलिए यह C⁴⁺ धनायन नहीं बना पाता।
यही कारण है कि कार्बन परमाणु अपने परमाणुओं के साथ अथवा दूसरे तत्वों के परमाणुओं के साथ सहसंयोजी बंध बनाकर सहसंयोजी यौगिक बनाता है।
कारण सहित व्याख्या :
(a) सहसंयोजी यौगिक विद्युत के कुचालक होते हैं क्योंकि यह तरल अवस्था में अथवा जलीय विलयन के रूप में अपने आयनों के रूप में विघटित नहीं होते हैं।
(b) इन यौगिकों के अणुओं के बीच अधिक आकर्षण बल न होने के कारण इन यौगिकों का गलनांक और क्वथनांक ताप कम होता है।

उत्तर 20-
(a) पपीते के फूल एकलिंगी फूल हैं। गुड़हल के फूल उभयलिंगी है।
(b) निषेचन के पश्चात् युग्मनज अनेक भागों में विभाजित हो जाता है तथा बीजांड में भ्रूण विकसित होने | लगता है जो कि बीजों में परिवर्तित हो जाता है। अंडाशय बहुत शीघ्रता से वृद्धि करता है तथा परिपक्व होकर फल बन जाता है। बाह्यदल, पंखुड़ी, पुंकेसर, वर्तिका तथा वर्तिकाग्र प्रायः मुरझाकर गिर जाते हैं।
(c) मानव के शरीर के विशिष्ट अंगों में कुछ विशेष प्रकार की कोशिकाओं की परत होती है। जिनमें मनुष्य की कायिक कोशिकाओं की अपेक्षा गुणसूत्रों की संख्या भी आधी होती है तथा DNA की मात्रा भी आधी होती है। अतः जब दो भिन्न जीवों की यह युग्मक कोशिकाएँ युग्मनज बनाती हैं। तो नई संतति में गुणसूत्रों की संख्या एवं DNA की मात्रा पुन:स्थापित हो जाती है। यही कारण है। कि नई संतति में DNA की मात्रा नियत रहती है।
अथवा
(a) मानव मादा जनन तंत्र का भाग :
(i) जो अण्ड उत्पन्न करता है-अण्डाशय।
(ii) जहाँ अण्ड और शुक्राणु का संलयन होता है-अण्डवाहिका।
(iii) जहाँ युग्मनज (निषेचित अण्ड) स्थापित होता है-गर्भाशय।
(b) गर्भाशय में स्थापित होने के बाद युग्मनज भ्रूण के रूप में विकसित हो जाता है। भ्रूण को माँ के रुधिर से ही पोषण मिलता है इसके लिए एक विशेष संरचना होती है जिसे प्लेसेंटा कहते हैं। विकासशील भ्रूण द्वारा जो अपशिष्ट पदार्थ उत्पन्न होते हैं उनका निपटान भी प्लेसेंटा के द्वारा ही होता है।

उत्तर 21-
(a) उसे उत्तल लेंस का उपयोग करना चाहिए। क्योंकि केवल उत्तल लैंस द्वारा ही परदे अथवा दीवार पर, बिम्ब का वास्तविक प्रतिबिम्ब बन सकता है।
(b) & (c) (i) यदि मोमबत्ती को F तथा 2F के बीच रखा जाएगा तो प्रतिबिंब विवर्धित तथा वास्तविक बनेगा।

(ii) यदि मोमबत्ती को 2F से दूर रखा जाएगा तो प्रतिबिंब छोटा तथा वास्तविक बनेगा।

उत्तर 22-
I = 400 mA = \(\frac { 400 }{ 1000 }\) = 0.40 A, V = 8 वोल्ट
R (प्रतिरोध) = \(\frac { V }{ I }\) = \(\frac { 8X10 }{ 4 }\) = 20 Ω

उत्तर 23-
तीनों परिपथों में एक जैसी विद्युत धारा प्रवाहित होगी क्योंकि तीनों परिपथों में दोनों प्रतिरोधक श्रेणी क्रम में जुड़े हुए है।
R1 = 10 Ω
R2 = 10 SΩ
∴R = R1 + R2 = 10 + 10 = 20 Ω
V = 20 वोल्ट
∴I (विद्युत धारा) = \(\frac { V }{ R }\) = \(\frac { 20 }{ 20 }\) = 1A

उत्तर 24-

उत्तर 25-
परखनली से एक रंगहीन गैस निकलती है। जब परखनली के मुख पर एक जलती हुई माचिस की तीली लाते हैं तो यह गैस पॉप ध्वनि से तेज़ी से जल उठती है। निकलने वाली गैस H₂ गैस है। H₂ गैस का उपयोग एक ईंधन के रूप में किया जा सकता है।

उत्तर 26-
अमीबा की कोशिका को एक केन्द्रक क्रम से दो केन्द्रकों में विभाजित होता हुआ दिखाई देता है। अमीबा की इस जनन विधि को द्विखंडन विधि कहते हैं।

उत्तर 27-
एक अनंत दूरी पर रखी बड़ी वस्तु को, जो कि प्रयोगशाला की खिड़की से दिख रही है, बिम्ब के रूप में लेते हैं।
प्रतिबिम्ब दर्पण के F बिंदु पर बनता है। यह प्रतिबिम्ब परदे पर प्राप्त करते हैं।
प्रतिबिम्ब की प्रकृति-प्रतिबिम्ब वास्तविक व उलटा बनेगा।

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