Category: CBSE Class 10

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 5 Chapter 1 Land of All Seasons are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 5 Chapter 1 Land of All Seasons.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 10
Subject	English Main Course Book
Chapter	Unit 5 Chapter 1
Chapter Name	Land of All Seasons
Category	NCERT Solutions

CBSE Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 5 Travel and Tourism Chapter 1 Land of All Seasons

TEXTUAL EXERCISES

Question 1.
Fill in information from the text to complete the notes on the passage.
India : Destination of the Millennium

I. To a tourist it offers

(a) ………….. topography
(b) ………….. beauty
(c) ………….. diversity

II. Traditional yet modern

(a) shopping : …………..
(b) family structure : …………..
(c) medicine : …………..

III. indian hospitality

(a) belief : …………..
(b) attitude : …………..
(c) unique selling point (USP) : …………..

IV. Ministry of Tourism, GO! proposal

(a) name of the prog : …………..
(b) train people to : …………..
(c) boost : …………..
(d) effort to preserve : …………..
(e) inculcating sense of : …………..

Answer:

I.

(a) wide
(b) scenic
(c) cultural

II.

(a) haats and malls
(b) nuclear and joint
(c) ayurveda and modem medical tourism

III.

(a) honounng guests is honouring gods
(b) cheerful
(c) tradition—Atithi Devo Bhavah

IV.

(a) Atithi Devo Bhavah
(b) be sensitive to tourists
(c) tourism in India
(d) rich heritage and culture
(e) responsibility towards tourists

Question 2.
Following are some web links to the most creative advertisements that are a part of the ‘Incredible India’ Campaign. Watch them and then discuss in class which one you liked best and the reason for your choice.

(a) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-T2qtEu9e5o&feature=related
(b) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ruJvV7Tb6Mw&feature=related
(c) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rNWeBVBqo2c&feature=related
(d) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rLZ9eMNezQY&feature=related
(e) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dro_oER2iDU&feature=fvw

Comment on the contents of each of them. Your comments should include your opinion about the message and the visuals. Discuss in class which one you liked best and the reason for your choice. Speak about the features of the advertisement which made it more attractive than the others. Alternatively prepare a scrap book of advertisements related to the promotion of tourism in India. Discuss in class which one you liked best and the reason for your choice. Speak about the features of the advertisement which made it more attractive than the others.

Answer:

Following are the advertisements in web-links :

(a) Aamir Khan’s Incredible India Commercial—2
— Aamir speaks out against harassment of foreign tourists and vandalism of our ancient monuments by anti-social elements.

(b) Aamir Khan’s Incredible India Commercial—1
— Aamir speaks out against harassment of foreign tourists and vandalism of our ancient monuments.

(c) The Latest Incredible India Commercial, Directors Cut
— The 2 minute version of the newest Incredible India and featuring yours truly.

(d) Incredible India !
— Incredible India Promo.

(e) Aamir Khan’s Incredible India TV CF 2010
— Atithi Devo Bhavah

This campaign is aimed at Indians to help foreign tourists and to make tourists feel at home.

Comments

Students may have seen all these advertisements in different T.V. channels from time to time. Liking depends on individuals.

However, I like the last advertisement. This campaign is aimed at Indians to help make foreign tourists feel at home. Japanese actress Nobuko is one of the precious gems.

Question 3.
As an employee of the Ministry of Tourism, Government of India prepare an advertisement to promote tourism in India. You can promote tourism in your state or the country.

Answer:

Question 4.
Guest is God—Atithi Devo Bhavah

SUMMARY

‘Atithi Devo Bhavah’ is the essence of an old saying: ‘Treat others as you would like to be treated yourself. It implies that we shall be treated well by others if we treat them well. So we must behave better with others. It is the essence of Atithi Devo Bhauah (Guest is God). The number of foreign tourists in Intha is very small compared to those of ot her Asian countries. We can easily increase this number to 100%. This will only be a first step because the possibilities are much greater. For all this we need to change our attitude and behaviour towards the tourists. It is known that if some one is rude to you, you won’t encourage your friends to visit him.

Respect has always been an integral part of the Indian soul. We have always respected our teachers, elders, parents and guests. In the past, India was visited by travellers for enlightenment. We can bring back this golden age again through our culture of‘our visitor is God’.

The seven-point programme

To attract and assure the tourists the Government of India has launched a programme. This seven-point programme is named Atithi Devo Bhavah.

The first point is to make the people of tourism industry sensitive to the tourists. They should be told how this will benefit them also. For this these people will be given proper training and induction course. This will be the second step. The third step is to motivate these people by various incentives. Certification to ensure standards is the fourth step.

The other three steps are connected with these four. The fifth is to get a feedback from the tourists. This will help in further improvement in the tourism industry. The sixth step is to create awareness among the masses through mass media. The last is to urge all the people connected with tourism to make it their own programme.

The Charter of the Programme

The charter is also of seven points. First of them is hygiene and cleanliness. This includes not only roads and hotels but also vehicles and shops. The service providing persons should also be neat and clean.

The personal conduct and behaviour of the service provider is important. They must be courteous and polite. These people such as taxi drivers and hotel owners must be honest. Safety and security of the tourists is of utmost importance. They should display honesty and integrity.

To do these things, the government is organizing public-relation shows and using mass-media communication to create a general awareness. It is through newspapers, TV, cinema etc.

Question 5.
On the basis of your reading of the passage above, answer the following questions :
1. List the factors that you think inhibit tourists from coming to India. Find practical solutions to each of them. Give reasons to support your solutions.

2. Cultural Tourism is travel to experience the arts or history of a location or travel to immerse oneself in the language, society, or culture of a region.

This brings people into contact with each other and can foster understanding between different people and cultures. This helps people to develop mutual sympathy and understanding and to reduce prejudices. The jobs created by tourism can act as a very important motivation to reduce emigration from rural areas.

However, this causes cultural and environmental destruction. Moreover, at times tribes do not survive infections that are got into the area by the tourists.

Write an article on “The Two Sides of Tourism Industry”.

3 .Prepare a Road Show to sensitize people towards the responsibility of being good hosts in order to ensure that India becomes a safe and preferred destination for foreign tourists. Your road show must include a talk, jingles, street play etc. Prepare banners, backdrop and posters to create a suitable effect. For this activity divide your class into five groups.

Answers:

1. The following factors inhibit tourists from coming to India.

(a) our attitude
(b) mistreatment
(c) cheating
(d) rude behaviour
(e) dirty streets and places
(f) bad road conditions

The reasons are obvious. Inspite of our great wealth of tourist spots and cultural attractions we are not able to attract enough number of tourists. The truth is that our bad behaviour spreads like wildfire and inhibits foreign tourists to visit our great country. When one foreign lady tourist was killed, we got such a bad name all over the world. Then, the tourists who come here complain about the conditions when they return to their respective countries.

The solution is to bring about change.

Our attitude should be that guests are no burden but a blessing and God-send. They should be treated well. Let us remember to treat others as we want to be treated. Taxi drivers and such other people often cheat these tourists. The public should keep an eye on these things. The police should assure speedy action on the culprits. Common men are not always very kind to the tourists, particularly if they are from an undeveloped country. We should remember that a guest is a guest whatever the colour, creed or nationality. Our behaviour should be polite to everyone but specially to a foreign tourist. The way we treat with such a tourist with enhances or lowers the great name of our country abroad.

2. The Two Sides of Tourism Industry

Tourism, specially cultural tourism has two sides. First let us be clear what it means. It means coming in contact of people whose culture is different from your own. Obviously, the people who come as tourists do not want to experience much inconvenience. So for, the host country it means an investment and a commitment. This country has to invest in improving the infrastructure and maintaining its heritage. Thus valuable national resources are spent in becoming good hosts.

But it can also be a powerful economic development tool. Countries like Malaysia have survived basically on tourism. Tourism creates millions of jobs, provides new business opportunities and strengthens the local economy. If properly used, it can help to protect nation’s natural and cultural treasures. It can help also to improve the quality of life for residents and visitors alike.

However, the destruction of local culture as a result of tourism is well-documented. To attract more and more tourists, some governments and organizations offer the visitors stage culture instead of the real street culture. Thus the visitors have a lop-sided view of the country’s culture. In a multi-ethnic society like that of India, it causes a lot of heart-burning in those groups which are ignored. For example, in India the government advertises to the tourists much about the Mughal monuments. This clearly irritates other people whose ancestors’ monuments are equally important. Last but not least, * the chain of visitors causes damage to the heritage cities. So the basic purpose of cultural tourism is itself defeated.

3. Answer in Hints

(i) You should prepare a talk on the basis of the representation entitled Ecotourism. You can add more points from your own reading of the text and by learning from ; internet. Think about these on your own too.

Ladies and Gentlemen

This road show is our attempt to create an awareness about the tourism. Many persons in our country are unaware of its need and benefits. Perhaps, you know that each year lakhs of Indians go out for tours of different type and size. Thus a lot of money goes into foreign hands. On the other hand, the number of tourists who visit our country is very small. Thus we are losing the valuable foreign exchange which can work wonders to our developing economy.

To get it back, we have to make an effort. This road show is being organized to give you an idea of what we should do in this direction.

(ii) Jingles are to be brought from the market. They are to be used in your road-show when there is a change of scene. They will also be used when the tone of your play changes.

(iii) Prepare banners with various slogans. For example,

(iv) Posters are like big banners. Look at the examples below.

Backdrop : Backdrop should be a cloth which should be painted in the colour of environment. This colour should be preferably light blue or green as these are the colours of the sky and nature and obviously symbolise environment.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 5 Chapter 1 Land of All Seasons help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 5 Chapter 1 Land of All Seasons, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Footprints Without Feet Chapter 2 The Thief’s Story are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Footprints Without Feet Chapter 2 The Thief’s Story.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 10
Subject	English Footprints Without Feet
Chapter	Chapter 2
Chapter Name	The Thief’s Story
Category	NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Footprints Without Feet Chapter 2 The Thief’s Story

TEXTUAL EXERCISES

Read and Find Out (Pages 8 & 10)

Question 1.
Who does T refer to in this story ?
Answer:
“I” in this story refers to the narrator.

Question 2.
What is he “a fairly successful hand” at ?
Answer:
He is ‘a fairly successful hand’ at stealing things (because he is a thief).

Question 3.
What does he get from Anil in return for his work ?
Answer:
He gets from Anil in return for his work, a place and food. It is for sleeping and food to eat.

Question 4.
How does the thief think Anil will react to the theft ?
Answer:
The thief thinks that Anil would be sad when he would discover the theft.

Question 5.
What does he say about the different reactions of people when they are robbed ? (V. Imp.)
Answer:
He says that a greedy man shows fear. A rich man shows anger. A poor man shows acceptance. There are different reactions of people when they are robbed.

Question 6.
Does Anil realise that he has been robbed ? (V. Imp.)
Answer:
I think Anil does realise that he has been robbed. Persons like Anil have a large heart. They do not attach importance to money. Anil reviews the situation. Then he decides to overlook Hari Singh’s, theft.

Think About It (Page 13)

Question 1.
What are Hari Singh’s reactions to the prospect of receiving an education ? Do they change over time ? (Hint. Compare for example, the thought, “I knew that once I could write like an educated man there would be no limit to what I could achieve” with these later thoughts: “Whole sentences, I knew, could one day bring me more than a few hundred rupees. It was a simple matter to steal—and sometimes just as simple to be caught. But to be a really big man, a clever and respected man, was something else.”) What makes him return to Anil ?
Answer:
Hari Singh’s reactions to the possibility of receiving an education -undergo a change. In the beginning he thinks one thing. It is that if he wrote like an educated man he could achieve success (or money). His later thoughts prove this change. Later he feels that if he wrote whole sentences, he would get more than a few hundred rupees. Money doesn’t hold much attraction for him now.

He wants from education to become a big man, a clever and respected man. May be Anil is his idol in that. This makes him return to Anil. It is because only Anil could teach him as he wants.

Question 2.
Why does not Anil hand the thief over to the police ? Do you think most people would have done so ? In what ways is Anil different from such employers ?
Answer:
I feel that Anil is a large-hearted person. First, he does realise that he has been robbed. But he reviews the whole situation. He thinks that if he gives the thief to the police, he may become a criminal. He decides to reform the thief differently. It is showing grace, kindness and sympathy.

Most people could not do so like Anil. They could have handed over such persons to the police after first beating them themselves. Anil is different because he decides to reform the thief through kindness and sympathy.

Talk About It

Question 1.
Do you think people like Anil and Hari Singh are found only in fiction, or are there such people in real life ?
Answer:
I think people like Anil and Hari Singh are found in real life also. But their number is very very small.

Question 2.
Do you think it a significant detail in the story that Anil is a struggling writer ? Does this explain his behaviour in any way ?
Answer:
It is a significant detail in the story that Anil is a struggling writer. His getting little money and getting some from time to time shows this. Then he has a heart of gold as mostly the writers have. When they get money, they spend it lavishly. They are in fact, the gems of humanity.

Question 3.
Have you met anyone like Hari Singh ? Can you think and imagine the circumstances that can turn a fifteen-year-old boy into a thief ?
Answer:
Yes, I have also met a boy like Hari Singh. I think the circumstances make one a thief. For example, if one’s family has sources of livelihood its member can’t be a thief. But if it is a family of thieves, the children shall surely be thieves later. Food and its lack make a human being a thief.

Question 4.
Where is the story set ? (You can get clues from the names of the persons and places mentioned in it.) Which language or languages are spoken in these places ? Do you think the characters in the story spoke to each other in English ?
Answer:
The story is set in Delhi, capital of India. The clues are : ‘The Jumna Sweet Shop’, ‘railway station’, ‘The Lucknow Express was just moving out’. Hindi, English and other Indian languages are spoken in it.

I do not think the characters in the story spoke to each other in English. However, they might have used some English words. These could be like ‘time’, ‘train’, ‘clock tower’. These are now parts of Hindi language as a whole.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Footprints Without Feet Chapter 2 The Thief’s Story help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Footprints Without Feet Chapter 2 The Thief’s Story drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 1 Chapter 2 Laughter – The Best Medicine are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 1 Chapter 2 Laughter – The Best Medicine.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 10
Subject	English Main Course Book
Chapter	Unit 1 Chapter 2
Chapter Name	Laughter – The Best Medicine
Category	NCERT Solutions

CBSE Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 1 Health and Medicine Chapter 2 Laughter – The Best Medicine

TEXTUAL EXERCISES

Question 1.
Read the following poem. Take turns in reading them aloud with your partner and ensure that you put in the right sort of feelings and emotions and voice modulations and intonation to make your partner laugh heartily.
Answer:
Students to read the text on their own.

Question 2.
Discuss with your partner which part of the poem you liked the most and give reasons for your preference.
Answer:
Classroom activity. The following information shall he useful in assessing the poem.

In a way, the entire poem is beautiful seeing the subject and its musical aspects. However, the last part is the most likable. It is the climax and underlines the fact that the narrator has been riding all the time, yet he is where he had begun from. This is also because of his realizing that whatever he had been doing was a crime though a muddle-head he was. It means that he regains some sensibility. This redeems his muddle-headedness.

Question 3.
Humor is infectious. The sound of roaring laughter is far more contagious than any cough, sniffle, or sneeze. When laughter is shared, it binds people together and increases happiness and intimacy. In addition to the domino effect of joy and amusement, laughter also strengthens your immune system, boosts energy, and protects you from the damaging effects of stress. Best of all, this priceless medicine is fun, free, and easy to use. Given below the table are the benefits of laughter in a jumbled form. Complete the table by putting them in the relevant column.
Answer:

	The Benefits of Laughter
Physical Health Benefits:A Boosts immunity Lowers stress hormones Decreases pain Relaxes your muscles Prevents heart disease	Mental Health Benefits:B Relieves stress Helps defuse conflict Eases anxiety and fear Improves mood Adds joy and zest to life Enhances resilience	Social Benefits:C Strengthens relationships Enhances teamwork Promotes group bonding Attracts others to us

Question 4.
Read the following article Fundamentals of Laughter Yoga
Answer:
Students to read the text on their own.

FUNDAMENTALS OF LAUGHTER YOGA
SUMMARY

The most important principle behind Laughter Yoga and the driving force behind Laughter Clubs is the theory that Motion Creates Emotion. Some persons wonder how a person can laugh when he is in no mood to laugh. The answer is simple. It is : what happens to the mind happens to the body as well. Also there is a link between the body and the mind.

A simple thing between a father and his son proves it. The father told his son that if he was sad, he should not sit idle. But he should do some physical work or go for a walk. He would feel better and it happened. It means in a sad mood if we behave happily we shall start feeling happy.

Laughter Yoga aims to use the two-way body-mind link to change the state of mind. It is through clapping, chanting or some body movements like breathing exercises. The result has been positive. Laughter Yoga has been seen to overcome severe and chronic depression in thousands of people across the globe. Several Laughter Clubs have adopted the motto : If your Mind can’t laugh, bring your Body to our Club’.

Laughter is all about playfulness. Children laugh 300 to 400 times a day. This is because of the brain. Adults first use their brains to understand humour to decide if they have to laugh. This is linked to the LKK syndrome, that is, ‘Log Kya Kahenge’. This is called the ‘Mind-to-Body Model of Humour. But children do not bother about it. Even if they fall into mud they laugh even at the spoiling of their clothes. Their laughter comes straight from their bodies and not brains. They exhibit the ‘Body-to-Mind Model of Humour’. It is this playfulness that Laughter Yoga aims at cultivating in people who are stressed. More and more people are becoming the members of Laughter Clubs.

Laughter distinguishes between Happiness and Joy. Happiness is a conditional response of the mind. It depends solely on the fulfilment of certain desires of the mind. It is related to how one’s life had been in the past and how it will be in the future ! It is a sad fact that even if some goals or dreams have been obtained, happiness disappears quickly. It is because the mind starts searching for new goals like a new house, a car etc. On the other hand, joyfulness is the unconditional commitment to be happy each moment despite the problems of life. It is the promise that the Body makes to the mind to indulge in playfulness. This playfulness is caused by dancing, singing, playing and laughing. Physiological and biochemical changes occur within the body. This gives us a sense of well-being which changes the negative outlook towards life into positive one.

In Laughter Clubs members develop positive conditioning of joy. In chanting ‘Ho Ho Ha Ha’ and “Very Good Very Good Yay Yay’ the brain develops new neuronal connections to produce neuropeptides and hormones in the body. This gives a new life and rejuvenates the members.

Finally, Laughter Yoga rectifies irregular breathing. It is the direct consequence of stress and negative mental state. According to Dr. Otto Warburg, a Nobel Laureate, one reason for falling sick is the lack of oxygen in the body cells. It is due to incorrect breathing. So let us laugh together and get oxygen back into our cells !

Question 5.
Given below in jumbled form are the sub-headings for the paragraphs of the article that you just read. Arrange the headings in the right order against the paragraph numbers :

(para 4) The unconditional nature of joy
(para 6) Healing power of laughter yoga
(para 2) Laughter-Positive Impact-making members refreshed
(para 5) The conditioned Mind
(para 1) The link between Body and Mind
(para 3) Spontaneous laughter

Answer:

(para 1) The conditioned Mind
(para 2) Laughter-Positive Impact-making members refreshed
(para 3) The link between Body and Mind
(para 4) The unconditional nature of joy
(para 5) Spontaneous laughter
(para 6) Healing power of laughter yoga

Question 6.
Now write an e-mail to your overstressed sister who is preparing for her Class XII exams suggesting her to join a laughter club to combat her anxiety. Youmay use the following points along with your own.

Answer:

Date : 10 January, 20 —
From : praveenl2@gmail.com
Subject : joining laughter club to combat anxiety
To : romal3@yahoo.com

Dear Roma

I hope all at your side are fine. I felt a little distressed to know that you are under stress due to your preparing for your class XII examinations. You’ll agree with me that stress is more because of a worrying nature and a tendency to be sad and fallen. Just imagine if you tend to be more stressed what gain you will get ! No gains except more sadness and frustration. So stop worrying about those things that are to happen in future. We, you know, can’t foresee future happenings. What is important is cheerfulness and happiness. We should not spoil our present for the sake of future as we can’t see it.

I, therefore, advise you to feel light in every way. Join a laughter club as it is a panacea for these modern diseases. Laughing lowers blood pressure. It reduces stress hormones and cleanses lungs and body tissues. It also increases blood circulation and boosts immune function. In a way, laughing produces a general sense of well-being. One feels fresh zest and enthusiasm thereafter. You yourself will see a sea change in your body after a few days on joining this club. All of us here are already the members of this club.

With best wishes
Yours affectionately
praveen

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 1 Chapter 2 Laughter – The Best Medicine help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 1 Chapter 2 Laughter – The Best Medicine, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 3 Chapter 4 Letters from the planet Aurigae II are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 3 Chapter 4 Letters from the planet Aurigae II.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 10
Subject	English Main Course Book
Chapter	Unit 3 Chapter 3
Chapter Name	Space Travel
Category	NCERT Solutions

CBSE Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 3 Science Chapter 4 Letters from the planet Aurigae II

TEXTUAL EXERCISES

Question 1.
Have you read novels or short stories about life on other planets ? What is this type of writing called ?
Answer:
Yes, I have read the novel Brave New World written by Aldous Huxley. This type of writing is called ‘Science Fiction’.

1. What does the letter suggest about its writer ?
2. What do you think may happen between the writer and Pen Pal ?

Answer:

1. The letter suggests that the writer is a living being of a planet other than the earth. This planet is in the galaxy. This living being does not know anything about the Earth, its inhabitants, etc.
2. I think that there may develop a ‘friendship’ between the writer and Pen Pal.

Question 2.
Now find out what happens, in this exciting Science Fiction story. The letter to Pen Pal continues…

1. What does “a hydrocarbon form of life” mean ?
2. What would a non-hydrocarbon form of life look like ?
3. Why cannot Skander hold ordinary paper {from Earth) ?
4. Why do you think Skander is in prison ? .

Answer:

1. It means a form of life that is composed of water and carbons as life on the Earth is made of.

2. Since till date no non-hydrocarbon form of life is known to the human race, it can be imagined to be of any form. Some examples are given below :
(i) It may be a giant form or a tree-like body in which Mercury is flowing instead of blood.
(ii) It may be a giant-like shape having no eyes and no ears, living on Helium instead of Oxygen.

Both of these forms may or may not be radioactive but these should look like the modern-day robots.
Note: Students might have seen some Hollywood movies like Antz or The Planet of the Apes which f deal with such creatures.

3. He cannot hold ordinary paper (from the Earth) because it will burn at his contact, since his body temperature is 250 degrees Celsius.

4. Skander is in prison because he has committed some crime or any unlawful experiment. However, he doesn’t mention what exactly he has done.

Question 3.

1. From the first two letters, what have we so far learned about Skander ?
2. What have we learned about the Planet Aurigae II ?
3. Why do you think Skander started this correspondence with Pen Pal ?
4. What impression do you have of Skander ?

Answer:

1. From the first two letters we have so far learned that Skander is a scientist. He lives on the Planet Aurigae II. He is not a hydrocarbon form of life like us. He is in jail for performing forbidden experiments on his body. He communicates with other planets by intercepting letters from the interstellar correspondence club. He has a longer life expectancy than that of humans.

2. The Planet Aurigae II is inhabited. Its average temperature is more than 250 degrees Celsius. Its inhabitants live for a very long period. Also, they are very much advanced in science, technology, etc.

3. Skander had been amusing himself at intercepting communications between the planets in his galaxy. He developed systems for intercepting these communications and intercepted Pen Pal’s letter out of curiosity. The description of the Earth sounded exciting and he developed a liking to live on it for a while. So he started the correspondence with Pen Pal.

4. Skander is of a high mental calibre. He has a deep desire to know everything possible about other planets. His system for intercepting communications between the planets reveals this fact. His experimenting upon his own body means that he is curious to acquire every kind of knowledge even at a great risk to his body.

Question 4.
1. Why (D.4) do you think Pen Pal showed Skander’s photographic plate to a doctor at the hospital ?

2. In all the last four letters, Skander is insistent that Pen Pal sends a photograph of himself Why do you think Skander is so insistent ?

3. Why (D.5) do you think Pen Pal’s government warned him against continuing the correspondence ?

Answer:

1. Perhaps Pen Pal got suspicious of the uncommon photographic plate. So he showed it to a doctor at the hospital to know what it actually was.

2. Firstly, Skander, in my opinion, is so insistent because he, perhaps, needs a photograph of his friend. It is so because we are generally keen to keep the photographs of our friends.

Secondly, he may also be keen to have the photograph of a living being of the Earth which, for him and others on the Aurigae II, may be a novel and unique thing. Thirdly, he, being very inquisitive and being a scientist, may have a desire to know more about the human species.

3. Pen Pal’s government was afraid that if he continued the correspondence any longer, something dangerous might happen, eg some epidemic might come. Or because of ‘spying’, some other problem may come to the Earth from some other planet in the galaxy.

Question 5.

1. What exactly did Skander do ?
2. Why did he do this ?
3. Might this ever be really possible, at some stage in the future ?
4. Would there be advantages and/or disadvantages in doing so ?
5. Were there any clues in earlier letters that warned us of what Skander was planning to do ?

Answer:

1. Skander simply played a trick. He placed Pen Pal’s photograph near him and activated the sub-space energy flow between the two photographic plates. He now lived in Pen Pal’s body and the Pen Pal in his body with their memories intact.

2. Skander did this because he had been fascinated by the description of the Earth. Due to that he had developed a desire to live there for some time. Secondly, he wanted to escape from the prison and ‘tour the universe’.

3. This may be possible in the future. No one can predict what man can do with computer- aided knowledge in this age of science.

4. There would be both advantages and disadvantages in doing so. Advantages would be in the sense that man would get new knowledge and experiences by changing his body. Also, humanity would be benefited a lot if the mind of a great scientist on death bed is transferred into a young man’s body with a weak and dull mind.

The disadvantages would be more horrible in the sense that an evil mind might be transferred into the body of a virtuous man. In that case, there would be an utter confusion and chaos. Unimagined difficulties and problems would arise as is being thought of these days in relation to human cloning. Consequently, there might be many disadvantages of various kinds in the atmosphere or environment etc.

5. Yes, there were ‘clues’, that warned us of what Skander was planning. These were :
(D.1) × ‘Earth ……. I would like to live there for a while ………. ’
(D.3) × ‘ ……… how I plan to visit Earth ………… ’
(D.3, D.4, D.5, D.6) × Skander asks Pen Pal to send a photograph of himself.
(D.3) × ‘ It would be pleasant to leave my body behind and tour the universe.’

Question 6.
1. Who has written the letter ? (Original Pen Pal ? original Skander ? “New Pen Pal” ?) ‘

2. Which planet does he live on ?

3. When Skander and Pen Pal exchanged bodies and personalities, each received certain benefits. Write words or phrases in the scales under their names, to indicate the advantages to each. Decide who profited most from the exchange. (Copy and complete.)

4. Imagine that five years have passed since the last letter. Skander and Pen Pal are both still alive. Write another letter from Skander to Pen Pal, outlining what has happened in the intervening years. What is your present situation ? What are your thoughts ? What are your plans for the immediate future ?

(NB : Decide : Are you the “original Skander” or the “New Skander” ?)

Answer:
1. Original Pen Pal (now in the body of the original Skander). The reasons for this are :
(a) Original Pen Pal is now enjoying a disease-free life. The original Skander has now realized that man on the Earth suffers heart attacks and paralysis.
(b) It is clear from the last line of the body of the final letter that its writer is becoming ‘accustomed’ with a new name ‘Skander’ as signed in the letter. It means the writer’s old name is Pen Pal.

2. Aurigae

3.

Decide who profited most… ?

This is for class discussion. In our opinion, both are benefited and both are at a loss. Students can discuss and can write about the profit from the words and phrases given in the boxes above.

4. We are giving here two letters. First is written by new Skander and second by original Skander.

(i) Dear Pen Pal

You will be amazed to receive my letter after five years. Well, there has not happened anything special in the intervening period. Life has been going on as usual. I enjoyed, at first, my coming over to Aurigae II. But it was not for long.

As regards my present situation, I am still in jail. I have tried my level best to correspond with other planets. But I have not yet got the knowledge of how to do it. Doing experiments without the mental capability and knowledge is as useless as trying to swim without knowing how to.

At present, I have neither any plan nor any new thoughts. In fact, life has become a hell in jail. I am in your body but my mind and thoughts are of an Earth’s man. So there is no compatibility between them. I am not confident of doing any successful experiments without the knowledge equal to that of yours. Thus I am really trapped for ever in your body. I can’t transfer myself because I have no knowledge of it. However, all facilities about equipments and laboratories exist here. You played a trick but didn’t think what would happen. Now it has happened. We both are to suffer long.

Skander

(ii) Dear Skander

I hope you recollect something about me that happened five years before.

You may be startled to know that I am in a very bad condition. While I was there on Aurigae, the Earth sounded exciting. But it is not now. At first, everything looked fascinating. But soon I found that my mind was not compatible with the body. There, then, started a series of troubles. I suffered the weaknesses of the body. Some time there was an acute pain in it due to some injury.

Really my thoughts have remained imprisoned for ever. I have, you know, a very active mind. But it can’t do anything for me. It is because I have no equipment and no facilities of laboratories here. So my future plans are nothing. If there is anything here, it is the tale of suffering and suffering. In this way, my future is bleak. How I regret my curiosity to tour the world ! I am waiting only to die because I just struggle to live here. Really, the earth is a strange place and human body another strange thing.

Pen Palt

Question 7.
Writing a science fiction story : Do you think life exists on other planets ?
If there is life on other planets, what would these aliens look like ? Draw your idea of an alien in the box below.
Answer:

Students to write their own stories on their own keeping the points given above in mind. Some more information given below may help them in this project work.

• The setting may or can be of the earth, the sky or wilderness suiting the occasion.
• Characters can both be humans and aliens.
• The plot can be about a visit of the alien to the earth as it happens in Hindi film KOI MIL GAYA. Or it can be the one given in the film KRISH. Or it is PK.
• Students can draw both audio and video help from these pictures.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 3 Chapter 4 Letters from the planet Aurigae II help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 3 Chapter 4 Letters from the planet Aurigae II, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Footprints Without Feet Chapter 1 A Triumph of Surgery are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Footprints Without Feet Chapter 1 A Triumph of Surgery.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 10
Subject	English Footprints Without Feet
Chapter	Chapter 1
Chapter Name	A Triumph of Surgery
Category	NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Footprints Without Feet Chapter 1 A Triumph of Surgery

TEXTUAL EXERCISES

Read and Find Out (Pages 1 & 3)

Question 1.
Why is Mrs. Pumphrey worried about Tricki ? (V. Imp.)
Answer:
Mrs. Pumphrey is worried and shocked about Tricki. It has become hugely fat. It looks like a bloated sausage. Its eyes are blood red and rheumy. Its tongue lolls down its jaws.

Question 2.
What does she do to help him ? Is she wise in this ?
Answer:
She at once calls Mr. Herriot for Tricki. Mr. Herriot is a veterinary doctor. She is wise in this. No one can know about animals except the veterinary doctor.

Question 3.
Who does “I” refer to in this story ?
Answer:
“I” in this story, refers to James Herriot, the veterinary surgeon.

Question 4.
Is the narrator as rich as Tricki’s mistress ?
Answer:
No, the narrator is not as rich as Tricki’s mistress.

Question 5.
How does he treat the dog ?
Answer:
He takes the dog Tricki to his surgery. There he does not give much food to it. He instead cuts its food. He keeps it on a strict diet. He keeps it under observation. At the end of the second day Tricki changes. It starts showing some interest in the surroundings. On the third day it whimpers.

Question 6.
Why is he tempted to keep Tricki on as a permanent guest ? (V. Imp.)
Answer:
It was a temptation to keep Tricki as a permanent guest. It was because Mrs Pumphrey started sending fresh eggs, two dozen at a time. The staff of Mr Herriot ate these eggs. There came bottles of wine etc. It was really a great thing for them. Mr. Herriot does not give these to Tricki.

Question 7.
Why does Mrs. Pumphrey think the dog’s recovery is “a triumph of surgery” ?
Answer:
She thinks so because it is the surgery, that is, hospital. It has made Tricki all right. Its stay at the surgery has cured it of its illness.

Think About It (Page 6)

Question 1.
What kind of a person do you think the narrator, a veterinary surgeon, is ? Would you say he is tactful as well as full of common sense ? (Imp.) (CBSE 2012)
Answer:
I think the narrator, a veterinary surgeon is a very practical man. He is also tactful and has a lot of common sense. He is kind-hearted and jovial kind of fellow. He, at once, understands Tricki’s illness. He wants to keep Tricki for a longer period. It may be his selfishness because he gets Jiuge supplies from Mrs. Pumphrey for Tricki. But it is not a mean quality.

Question 2.
Do you think Tricki was happy to go home ? What do you think will happen now ?
Answer:
Yes, Tricki was happy to go home. It is seen in one fact. When Mrs. Pumphrey comes to the surgery to take Tricki home, it jumps into her lap. It swarms over her. It also licks her face out of great excitement.

I think that Mrs. Pumphrey will again give Tricki a lot of food. It would grow sick again due to overeating and no exercise.

Question 3.
Do you think this is a real-life episode, or mere fiction ? Or is it a mixture of both ?
Answer:
I think it is a real-life episode with some part of fiction. But it is not mere and whole fiction. In fact it is a mixture of both.

Talk About It

Question 1.
This episode describes the silly behaviour of a rich woman who is foolishly indulgent, perhaps because she is lonely. Do you think such people are merely silly, or can their actions cause harm to others ?
Answer:
I think that persons like Mrs. Pumphrey are over-indulgent because she is lonely. She can be called silly also because she lacks in common sense. All know that overeating and no physical exercise can make even an elephant ill. Such people can cause harpa to others as Mrs. Pumphrey does to Tricki.

Question 2.
Do you think there are also parents like Mrs. Pumphrey ?
Answer:
Yes, there are parents like Mrs. Pumphrey. They are doting on their children or pet animals. Later when things get out of their control they repent much. But losses can’t be made up.

Question 3.
What would you have done if you were : (i) a member of the staff in Mrs. Pumphrey’s household (ii) a neighbour ? What would your life have been like, in general ?
Answer:
If I were in the staff of Mrs. Pumphrey. I could have politely advised her in the matter. The advice would be : cut down Tricki’s food. Give it light food, if it had a liking for it. If I had been her neighbour, I could have advised her more emphatically. Tricki was not ill. But it was the effect of rich food given to it.

My life would have been all right. A man or a woman should have some practical common sense also.

Question 4.
What would you have done if you were in the narrator’s place ?
Answer:
If I had been in the narrator’s place, I would have done the same thing as he did. He did not exploit Mrs. Pumphrey, nor would I do. Eating a part of Mrs. Pumphrey’s food meant for Tricki was not bad in taste. It was playful.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Footprints Without Feet Chapter 1 A Triumph of Surgery help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Footprints Without Feet Chapter 1 A Triumph of Surgery drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 2 Chapter 3 Inclusive Education are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 2 Chapter 3 Inclusive Education.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 10
Subject	English Main Course Book
Chapter	Unit 2 Chapter 3
Chapter Name	Inclusive Education
Category	NCERT Solutions

CBSE Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 2 Education Chapter 3 Inclusive Education

TEXTUAL EXERCISES

Question 1.
Discuss in groups of four, the following questions :

• What was wrong with Fox’s school initially ?
• What were the reasons for improvement in the results ?
• Do you think the schools in the present day resemble Fox’s school ? If yes / no say how ?
• Can the Bat’s advice be extended to present day schools ? If yes, how ? If no, why ?

Answer:

Students to discuss in groups as desired as directed by their class teacher. Some
information is given below on the above points to help them in their discussion :

• The wrong with Fox’s school initially was that he introduced many things in his curriculum. These were not liked at all by the students. Also they didn’t have an inherent interest for them.
• The reasons for improvement in the results were that despite teachers’ doing their best the students failed and failed. The teachers were very unhappy with the results. They tried all methods and conducted classes regularly. But no improvement was there.
• Yes, the schools in the present day resemble Fox’s school. The subjects taught to the students fail to excite them to learn. They are boring and not related to real-life situations. School education doesn’t make them competent to face the problems of life. There is no coordination between what one learns at school and what he has to learn to lead a happy life later.
• The wise Bat’s advice deserves to be extended to present day schools. It is so because students shall learn those things quickly for which they have a liking and an aptitude, or an inherent curiosity. When the students of Fox’s school were given the subjects of their liking and in relation to natural instincts they excelled in them. This should be the way to give education to all.

Question 2.
Discuss within your group in what way is the story of the Fox’s school applicable to your classroom. How can the issue of inclusion of students with different abilities be addressed in the best possible way ?
Answer:
Group activity at classroom level. Some additional information is given below to enable the students to discuss the point in detail and with conviction :

The story of the Fox’s school is fully applicable to the classroom. If the students have a liking for a particular subject, they will learn it in the best manner. For instance, a student likes to study sports as he excels in it. He will do best in it if he is given sports as the main subject. But if he is forced to learn or study Sanskrit, he will miserably fail.

In such a backdrop, students must be identified as per their liking and inherent traits. Then they should be sent to those classes or subjects which cater to their talent and traits. Thus the issue of inclusion of students with different abilities can be addressed in this way.

Additionally, students identified with different abilities can be groomed by specialised courses. These should be relating to their inherent abilities and talents from the beginning. For instance, a student showing a potential for cricket can be sent to a cricket school to brighten in cricket. Going this way would bring in great results.

Question 3.
What does the term “inclusive education” mean to you ?
To me the term “inclusive education” means …………………………….
Answer:
…. the education which is singly and totally devoted to one subject or one goal. Though ‘inclusive’ means including all things related to one particular aspect, it, here, means a different kind of education. It comprises the things which have an inherent connection with the students’ tastes, likings, talents and abilities.

Question 4.
Read the poem given below :
I am SPECIAL, and so are You
___________________________________
Answer:
Students to read the poem on their own

SUMMARY

The poet says that he and all others are special. He asks the reader to think what could have happened if Mother Nature had been uniform and all living beings had been the same. If ants, apes, leopards, bears, birds, clouds, leaves fish etc, had been uniform, life could have been tragic.

God is to be thanked that we all have different shapes and sizes, looks, talent etc. Friends are fat, skinny, graceful, slow, funny, helpful, intelligent, dance-lovers etc. This gives uniqueness.

The poet says further that his friends are intelligent. They are winners in dancing, music, painting and sports. Then there are others who are full of other surprises. This is because each of us is one of a kind specially created and specially designed.

Each of us has a purpose, a role, a goal and a dream. Each of us is different, special and rare. Therefore, the poet advises that we should love one another as life has an aim. This is to be happy being special. We should do what we do as we all are special.

Question 5.
Based on your understanding of the poem, have a group discussion on the topic : ‘Inclusion means acceptance of diversity in a classroom. ’ After having the discussion, a member of each group will make a brief presentation to the class, giving the views and opinions of the group.
Answer:
Classroom activity. Group discussion on the topic to proceed as desired. The following points will help in the discussion :

1. analysis of the comprehensive meaning of Inclusive Education vis-a-vis present-day situation. Meaning of diversity in a classroom like—a classroom has students having different tastes, talents, skills, backgrounds, inherent likes and dislikes.
2. Physical conditions suiting getting Inclusive Education in the face of non-availability of infrastructural support.
3. Curriculum and its viability suiting the provision of Inclusive Education.
4. Diversity can’t be overlooked or ignored as it is the spice of life.
5. Diversity—a force of character—to be recognised and ways and means to be explored to sharpen a student’s personal interests, likes and dislikes.
6. Drawbacks, if any, of the present-day system of education and suggestions for further diversification or improvements in consonance with the ground truths.

Question 6.
Working in groups, illustrate the poem. Put up your illustrations on the class notice board under catchy titles.
Answer:
Students to draw their illustrations on their own as desired.

Question 7.
Now read the news story given below.
West Bengal Boy is World’s Youngest Headmaster
Answer:
Students to read the news story on their own.

SUMMARY

At 16 years of age Babar Ali is, perhaps, the youngest headmaster in the world. He is incharge of teaching hundreds of students in his family’s backyard. These students are, indeed, poor and from his village. This young man is from Murshidabad in West Bengal.

Babar Ali’s day starts early. He jumps on an auto-rickshaw after doing household chores and reaches the Raj Govinda School. It is at a distance of ten kms. Babar Ali has to walk two kms to reach it. The school is neat and clean. It is fully equipped with furniture and dedicated teachers.

Babar Ali sits in the middle in the front row. He is a tall, slim, smart and studious teenager wearing a blue and white uniform. He is a model student and first member of his family to get a proper education.

Raj Govinda school is govt, run and so it is free. Babar Ali has to pay for his uniform, books and rickshaw. It costs around 1800 rupees a year to send him to school. Many poor families can’t afford to send their children to the school.

Chumki Hajra, 14-years old, has never been to school. She lives in a tiny shack. Every morning she scrubs the dishes instead of going to school. She has bee^ doing this work since she was five. Her father is handicapped and can’t work. But Chumki is getting education with hundreds of other poor children, thanks to Babar Ali. Babar Ali rushes back to his school from Raj Govinda school after it is over. He reaches it at 4 O’clock. A bell summons all children to his house. He now acts as head¬master of his own unofficial school.

Babar Ali gives the lessons the way he gets from his teachers. The children sit in the mud, some on rickety benches while family chickens scratch around here and there. His school has 800 students all from poor families, all taught free. He was just nine when he began teaching a few friends as a game. He says that in the beginning he play-acted. But later he realised that they won’t learn to read and write if they didn’t have proper lessons. He calls it his duty to educate them to help our country build a better future.

There are ten teachers at his school. They volunteer their services free. Ali doesn’t charge for anything. Books, food etc, are free and funded by donations. He admits that without his school they won’t be ever literate.

There are about twelve other girls besides Chumki Hajra. Her dedication is incredible as she works, in homes in the village from six in the morning till 2 pm. Then she heads for Ali’s school. She dreams to become a nurse one day. With that in her mind she is attending Ali’s school. The school has been recognized by the local authorities as it has helped increase literacy rates in the area. Babar Ali has won many awards for his work.

The youngest children are just four or five. There are a couple of electric bulbs to give light when it is dark. There are little problems when seasons change. The monsoon comes and children hurry for cover. They crowd under a piece of plastic sheeting. Babar Ali shouts an order. Lessons are cancelled as rain disrupts the working. The children hurry home through the downpour. Tomorrow they will be back though.

Question 8.
On the basis of your reading of the above text complete the following sentences:

1. What makes Babar Ali’s tale extraordinary is ___________
2. That Babar Ali values his education is evident ___________
3. In spite of the fact that he studies in a government school, receiving an education is not easy because : (a) ___________ (b) ___________
4. Chumki is likely to achieve her dream of becoming a nurse because she has the qualities of : (a) ___________ (b) ___________
5. The poor infrastructure that the students of Babar Ali’s school study in is obvious from ___________
6. It is ironical that though the poor children are hungry for knowledge ___________

Answer:

1. his being at the age of 16 the youngest headmaster in the world
2. in his giving out to the poor children what he has been learning from his school teachers. It is in his hardwork to teach the poor children and in running his school.
3. (a) it is far away and (b) it is very costly
4. (a) working very hard in scrubbing the dishes and cleaning the homes of her neighbours and,(b) her deep ambition to be a nurse
5. the absence of furniture. His ‘school’ has rickety benches. It is under a rough, is homemade shelter and with family chickens scratching around nearby.
6. no government or non-govt, organizations come to the real help of Babar Ali, the youngest headmaster in the world.

Question 9.
Find one word or phrase from the passage that means the same as the following :

(a) extremely serious, bad or terrible (para 1-3)
(b) to give enthusiastic support (para 4-5)
(c) lanky (para 6-8)
(d) to leave to go to another place (para 13-14)
(e) wobbly (para 16-17) .
(f) to write something hastily or untidily (para 22-23)
(g) very difficult to believe (para 23-25)
(h) scamper (para 27-28)
(i) heavy shower (para 28)

Answer:

(a) direst
(b) pitches in
(c) gangly
(d) heads off
(e) rickety
(f) scribbling
(g) incredible
(h) scurry
(i) downpour

Question 10.
Smt. Anju Kar, Minister (Mass Education), West Bengal comes across BBC’s story of Babar Ali’s remarkable achievements transforming the lives of hundreds of poor children.
She writes a letter to him lauding his extraordinary efforts and undeterred spirit of reform in the face of adversity. She also promises support, both financial and academic to him. As Anju Kar, write the letter to Babar Ali.
Answer:

Minister (Mass Education)
Govt, of West Bengal Kolkata
5 October, 20 – –
My dear Babar Ali

I have come across BBC’s story of you and your remarkable achievements in transforming the lives of hundreds of poor children through teaching them even in adverse conditions. My heart goes with you when I realize how wonderfully you have contributed to the cause of govt’s, mass education campaign. This makes it more creditable without any govt, assistance. The country feels proud of you and the people of West Bengal bow their heads in gratitude to your determined efforts in educating the poor population. Despite difficulties and other adverse circumstances you have riicely been discharging your social responsibilities towards the educationally deprived. in a way, you are helping the underprivileged to fulfil their dreams through literacy. You are a pathfinder tor the youth of the country irl doing something useful for it. In this way you are an inspirer for thousands of such children.

I, as Minister of Education, am exploring all possible avenues to provide you every possible financial and other assistance. It is to ensure that you do not face any problem in your great duties. I am also recommending your case for a special grant to the Hon’ble Chief Minister.

Wishing all success in your great efforts.
Yours sincerely
(Smt.) Anju Kar

Question 11.
Writing a Biosketch
Answer:

Bama, alias Karukku Bama

Bama, popularly known as Karukku Bama, was born in 1958. She is a creative Tamil woman writer, a committed teacher and a social activist. She has a penname in Faustina Mary Fatima Rani. She has written novels with the titles Karukku, Sangati and Vanman. She has translated them into other Indian languages, English and French. Bama has also written twenty short stories which have not yet been published in book form. She was awarded a Honorary doctorate degree. She was honoured with a Crossword Award for her semi-fictional autobiography Karukku. She was invited by universities in India and abroad. She also lectured at various conferences held in the country and abroad.

Bama is a multi-faceted personality. She is a woman with extraordinary courage and conviction. She resists any form of oppression. She has a keen eye for beauty in nature and profound insight into the issues pertaining to caste, religion and women. She is endowed with clear thoughts and expression. Bama is dedicated to the uplift of the downtrodden. Her passion is teaching and mission of life is building a casteless society.

Question 12.
Listen carefully to a speech by Steven Jobs.
Answer:
No questions asked

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 2 Chapter 3 Inclusive Education help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 2 Chapter 3 Inclusive Education, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 5 Introduction are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 5 Introduction.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 10
Subject	English Main Course Book
Chapter	Unit 5
Chapter Name	Introduction
Category	NCERT Solutions

CBSE Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 5 Travel and Tourism Introduction

INTRODUCTION

THE TRAVEL AGENT’S NIGHTMARE

Question 1.

Two couples, Mr. and Mrs. apple and Mr. and Mrs. Banana, are going on individual vacations. One person wants to fly on Kathmandu, one to London, one to Frankfurt, and one to Hong kong.

Of these four, only two can fly on a weekend.

One of those two is going to London.

One woman wants to fly to Hong kong on a weekend. Her husband wants to go to Kathmandu. Mrs. Banana must leave on a weekday.

1. Where does Mrs. Banana want to go ?

(a) Kathmandu
(b) London
(c) Frankfurt
(d) Hongkong

2. Where and when does Mr. Banana want to go ?

(a) to London on a weekend
(b) to Kathmandu on a weekend
(c) to Frankfurt on a weekend
(d) to Hong Kong on a weekday
(e) to London on a weekday

3. Who wants to fly to Kathmandu ?

(a) Mrs. Banana
(b) Mr. Banana
(c) Mrs. Apple
(d) Mr. Apple

Answer:

1. → (c)
2. → (o)
3. → (d)

Note :

1. Mr. Apple wants to fly to Kathmandu on a weekday.
2. Mr. Banana wants to fly to London on a weekend.
3. Mrs. Banana wants to go to Frankfurt on a weekday.
4. Mrs. Apple wants to go to Hong kong on a weekend.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 5 Introduction help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 5 Introduction, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 1 introduction are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 1 introduction.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 10
Subject	English Main Course Book
Chapter	Unit 1
Chapter Name	Introduction
Category	NCERT Solutions

CBSE Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 1 Health and Medicine Introduction

INTRODUCTION

Question 1.
In groups of 4-5, discuss and make a list of things that, according to you, contribute towards good health and wellness in an individual.

(a) a balanced diet
(b) ________ ()
(c) ________ ()
(d) ________ ()
(e) ________ ()
(f) ________ ()
(g) ________ ()
(h) ________ ()
(i) ________ ()
(j) ________ ()
(k) ________ ()

Source-Reader’s Digest (August 2006)

Put a tick against the five most popular choices made by the groups in your class. How many groups included “A good night’s sleep” as an important contributor to good health and well-being ?

Answer :

To be discussed in groups at class level.

The things that contribute towards good health and wellness in an individual are given below :

(b) sleeping and rising in time (a good night’s sleep)
(c) playing
(d) eating healthy food/avoiding junk food
(e) positive outlook
(f) avoiding negative thoughts/unnecessary fears
(g) viewing not much television
(h) sitting before computer for a limited time and in right posture
(i) doing regular homework
(j) avoiding eating street food or too much fried food
(k) avoiding bad habits like backbiting etc.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 1 introduction help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 1 introduction, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English First Flight Poem Chapter 11 For Anne Gregory are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English First Flight Poem Chapter 11 For Anne Gregory.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 10
Subject	English First Flight Poem
Chapter	Chapter 11
Chapter Name	For Anne Gregory
Category	NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English First Flight Poem Chapter 11 For Anne Gregory

TEXTUAL QUESTIONS
(Page 141)

Thinking About the Poem

Question 1.
What does the young man mean by “great honey-coloured / Ramparts at your ear ?” Why does he say that young men are “thrown into despair” by them ?
Answer:
By these the poet means golden outer parts of the young woman’s ears. He says that young men are “thrown into despair” by them. It is because they look ugly.

Question 2.
What colour is the young woman’s hair ? What does she say she can change it to ? Why would she want to do so ?
Answer:
The colour of the young woman’s hair is ‘white’. She can colour it ‘brown, black or carrot’. She can change it to brown, black or carrot. She would want to do so as per the latest fashion. It would be for looking attractive and beautiful.

Question 3.
Objects have qualities which make them desirable to others. Can you think of some objects (a car, a phone, a dress…) and say what qualities make one object more desirable than another ? Imagine you were trying to sell an object: what qualities would you emphasise ?
Answer:
These objects can be ‘shoes, ornaments, hair dyes, hair styles’ etc. Wearing costly ornaments and behaving in an affected manner etc, can make one more desirable than another. But these are momentary and ‘die’ after some time. It is because they emphasize the physical aspect of beauty. Physical beauty is external. Internal aspects of beauty are lasting. These are : affectionate or sympathetic attitude or behaviour, compassion, pity, love etc.

If I were to sell an object I would emphasize the useful and durable qualities. I wouldn’t favour artificial, temporary and unreal ones.

Question 4.
What about people ? Do we love others because we like their qualities, whether physical or mental ? Or is it possible to love someone “for themselves alone” ? Are some people ‘more lovable’ than others ? Discuss this question in pairs or in groups, considering points like the following.

(i) a parent or caregiver’s love for a newborn baby, for a mentally or physically challenged child, for a clever child or a prodigy
(ii) the public’s love for a film star, a sportsperson, a politician, or a social worker
(iii) your love for a friend, or brother or sister
(iv) your love for a pet, and the pet’s love for you.

Answer:
Such an attitude can and can’t be applied because human society is as such. We have to overlook certain weaknesses of the human beings seeing different situations. Essentially, we love others because of their physical and mental qualities. We also love them ‘for themselves alone’. For example, a mother loves her child whether he or she is or is not beautiful. There are some people ‘more lovable’ than others. It is because of their qualities of head and heart.

The following to be discussed in pairs in groups :

(i) A parent’s love for a newborn baby, or a mentally or physically challenged child, etc, will almost be the same. It would be more for a clever or a prodigy because of his or her inborn traits. However, the love of a caregiver .will not be of that level. That would be determined by the relationship.

(ii) The public’s love for a film star, a sportsperson, a politician or a social worker is situational. It will be there till that person works as the public expects. Players, sportspersons, filmstars and politicians are out once they fail to meet the public aspirations. Politicians get defeated. Filmstars, sportspersons etc, are abused. Rotten tomatoes are thrown at them. They are shown black flags if they fail to come up to the public’s estimate. They are also abused in the social media.

(iii) My love for a friend or brother or sister can’t be the same. A friend is a friend. A brother or sister are a brother or sister. But my love gets shaken if they fail to act what they are. A friend in that case may be ‘defriended’. But a brother or sister can’t be done with so.

(iv) My love for a pet will be less affected by the pet’s behaviour. Her or his being not a human being will continue to get my love. Her or his winning my heart by tricks/ feats etc, shall determine my love.

Question 5.
You have perhaps concluded that people are not objects to be valued for their qualities or riches rather than for themselves. But elsewhere Yeats asks the question: How can we separate the dancer from the dance ? Is it possible to separate ‘the person himself or herself from how the person looks, sounds, walks, and so on 1 Think of how you or a friend or member of your family has changed over the years. Has your relationship also changed ? In what way ?
Answer:
It is rather difficult to separate ‘the person himself or herself from how the person behaves. But a certain distinction can be made. Actually man or woman must understand that he or she is not one man. He or she hides several persons in them. She or he must behave in keeping with those things in mind.

Yes, I have seen how a member of my family has changed over the years. It is due to stupid and artificial reasons. It is also due to her not taking the relationships seriously, t Seeing that my relationship has also changed. She has abused the faith that we had in her earlier. Now we do not have any faith in her. We are conscious of her every time. Our relationship is not deep. It has become showy and artificial. It mustn’t be this way.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English First Flight Poem Chapter 11 For Anne Gregory help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English First Flight Poem Chapter 11 For Anne Gregory drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 3 Chapter 3 Space Travel are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 3 Chapter 3 Space Travel.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 10
Subject	English Main Course Book
Chapter	Unit 3 Chapter 3
Chapter Name	Space Travel
Category	NCERT Solutions

CBSE Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 3 Science Chapter 3 Space Travel

TEXTUAL EXERCISES

Question 1.
In this section you will read about the experiences of four women astronauts in space. Your teacher will divide the class into groups of four and ask each of the group members to read about one of the astronauts. In the end each of the group members will complete the table given below by exchanging information within the group.
Answer:
For answer see Q.3.

Question 2.
Read the Article given.

Question 3.
Copy and complete the following table with information from the passage :
Answer:
Each one of the group members exchanged information about the four astronauts. The inputs were shared among group members of Group 1, Group 2, Group 3, Group 4. Their task of completing the table is given below :

Name	Age	Year or becoming an astronaut	No. of space .Journeys	Experience with yero gravity	Ways of staying fit	Memorable moments	What one has learnt from the travel
1. Peggy Whitson	48	1996	2	—Nice —felt younger	cardio exercises resistance training	Incredible earth’s curvature	Exploration a must
2. Pamela Melroy	47	1995	3	Magical zero gravity	—	cheered by Whitson and her crew	Long term pay-off
3. Sunita Williams	43	1998	1	hard	running	flying versus walking	under­ standing oneness
4. Barbara Morgan	56	1985	1	fun-filled	power of food	upside down position	to remain optimistic

Question 4.
Complete the following sentences with information given in the passage above :

1. Peggy Whitson has been described as a ‘walking laboratory’ because …………………….
2. Peggy feels that returning to earth is not a pleasant experience as …………………….
3. Pam Melroy and her crew members were applauded when …………………….
4. The historic moment during Pam Melroy’s space flight was …………………….
5. According to Melroy the space station is important because …………………….
6. ‘Being a rookie’ means …………………….
7. Sunita Williams donated her hair because …………………….
8. Sunita Williams broke the record of …………………….
9. Barbara had to wait for her turn to go into space because …………………….
10. Morgan’s work on the space shuttle was to …………………….

Answer:

1. she was sufficiently equipped for describing the long-term effects of zero gravity (zero-g).
2. her agility and quick motions were severely checked.
3. they came on board after they docked the aircraft with the International Space Station.
4. that it was the first time two women were incharge of two spacecrafts at the same time.
5. of the sheer act of sending humans into an extremely hostile environment in space.
6. an untrained recruit
7. she knew the trauma of cancer patients to fight the disease
8. Shannon Lucid’s previous endurance of space time.
9. in the tragic fall of Challenger in 1986, Morgan returned to Idaho to resume her teaching career. In August 2007, she blasted off in the shuttle for a 13-day mission as a full time astronaut.
10. operate the space station’s robotic arms and teach lessons via on board video about the life on space.

Question 5.
In your groups find out about the famous Indian astronauts and their achievements. Is there any woman astronaut in India ? Report your findings to the rest of the class.
Answer:
The Groups A, B and C found out information about the famous Indian astronauts that is given below :

1. Rakesh Sharma (Indian)
2. Kalpana Chawla (India born, U.S.A. Citizen)
3. Sunita Williams (India born, U.S.A. Citizen)

1. Rakesh Sharma

Rakesh was the first Indian and 138th person to travel in space. Sharma joined the Indian Air Force and progressed rapidly through the ranks. Sharma, then a Squadron Leader and pilot with the Indian Air Force, embarked on a historic mission in, 1984 as part of a joint space programme between the Indian Space Research Organisation and the Soviet Intercosmos space programme. He spent eight days in space aboard the Salyut 7 space station. Launched along with two Soviet cosmonauts aboard Soyuz T-ll on the 2 April 1984, was 35-year-old Sharma. During the flight, Sharma conducted multi- spectral photography of northern India in anticipation of the construction of hydroelectric power stations in the Himalayas. In a famous conversation, he was asked by the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi how India looked from space, to which he replied, Saare Jahan Se Achcha, (a reference to an iconic Urdu poem used in India’s freedom struggle, usually referred to as ‘Saare Jahaan se achcha Hindustan hamara,’ ‘our land of Hindustan, is the best of the entire world’).

He was conferred with the honour of Hero of Soviet Union upon his return from space. The Government of India conferred its highest gallantry award (during peace time), the Ashoka Chakra on him and the other two Russian members of his mission. Sharma and his backup, Wing Commander Ravish Malhotra, also prepared an elaborate series of zero-gravity Yoga exercises which the former had practised aboard the Salyut 7. Retiring with the rank of Wing Commander, Rakesh Sharma joined Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) as a test pilot at its Nashik Division. He was later based at the National Flight Test Center (NFTC) in Bangalore and worked on the indigenous Light Combat Aircraft program, among others.

2. Kalpana Chawla

Kalpana Chawla was the first Indian woman to travel into space and also the first Indian to perish in space. She graduated from Tagore School at Karnal, India in 1976 and was conferred the Bachelor of Science degree in aeronautical engineering from Punjab Engineering College, India, 1982. She did her Master of Science Degree in aerospace engineering from University of Texas, 1984 ; and Doctorate of Philosophy in aerospace engineering from University of Colorad, 1988. Her space flight experience on STS-107 COLUMBIA was the 16-day flight that was a dedicated Science and Research Mission. But STS-107 mission ended abruptly on February 1, 2003 when space shuttle Columbia and the crew perished during entry, 16 minutes prior to scheduled landing. Daughter of India, the famous astronaut and scientist, Kalpana dedicated her whole life to scientific and astronomic research. She finally laid her life as supreme sacrifice on the path of human service during the journey of the Space Shuttle ‘COLUMBIA’. Kalpana was selected as an astronaut in 1994. She had the highest number of hours, logged in space. She was honored with several posthumous awards like Congressional Space Medal of Honor NASA Space Flight Medal, NASA Distinguished Service Medal etc.

India’s Prime Minister Manmohan Singh announced on February 5, 2003 that the meteorological series of satellites, “METSAT”, will be renamed “KALPANA”.

3. Sunita Williams

Deepak Pandya who is Sunita Williams’ father is a famous neuroanatomist. Williams’ roots on her father’s side go back to Gujarat in India. She has been to India to visit her father on April 11,2007. She surpassed the record of 188 days and 4 hours set by Shannon Lucid in 1996.

Selected by NASA in June 1998, Williams began her training in August 1998. Her Astronaut Candidate training included orientation briefings and tours, numerous scientific and technical briefings, intensive instruction in Shuttle and International Space Station systems, physiological training and ground school. It was all to prepare for T-38 flight training, as well as learning water and wilderness survival techniques.

She surpassed Kathryn Thornton, who had three spacewalks, as the woman with the most spacewalks. Peggy Whitson later surpassed her for woman with the most spacewalks. Following a period of training and evaluation, Williams worked in Moscow with the Russian Space Agency on the Russian contribution to the ISS, and with the first expedition crew sent to the ISS. Following the return on Expedition 1, Williams worked within the Robotics branch on the ISS Robotic Arm and the related Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator. She was a crewmember on the NEEMO 2 mission, living underwater in the Aquarius habitat for nine days in May 2002.

As of 2008, Williams served as NASA’s Deputy Chief of the Astronaut Office. She was assigned as a backup crew member for Expedition 30 to the International Space Station to be flown in 2011 and was to be the Commander of Expedition 32, a six-month mission scheduled to begin in the spring of 2012.

Like many astronauts, Williams is a licensed amateur radio operator, having passed the technician class license exam in 2001. She was issued the call sign KD5PLB by the Federal Communications Commission on August 13, 2001. She used one of the two amateur radio stations aboard the ISS when she talked with school children.

In September 2007, Sunita Williams visited India. She went to the Sabarmati Ashram, the ashram set up by Mahatma Gandhi in 1915, and her ancestral village Jhulasan in Gujarat. She was awarded the Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Vishwa Pratibha Award by the World Gujarati Society. She is the first person of Indian origin who is not an Indian citizen to be presented the award. She also visited her cousin’s home on her nephew’s birthday. On October 4, 2007.

She has the following awards and honors to her credit :

• Navy Commendation Medals (twice)
• Navy and Marine Corps Achievements Medal
• NASA Space Plight Medal
• Humanitarian Service Medal
• Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Vishwa Pratibha Award

Question 6.
You are very impressed by the achievements of the women astronauts and decide to give a speech on how Indian girls should also make a mark in this field. Write the speech. The following points may help you make your speech interesting :

– Start with a suitable salutation (Good Morning )
– Think of an impressive introduction (a quote/a humorous story/questions, etc.)
– List out the points that appealed to you in the article
– List out the reasons why there are hardly any women in the Indian space programmes
– Think of ways in which this can be changed
– Think of an interesting conclusion

Answer:

The following inputs will help you write the speech :
<
Good Morning friends

Stepping in space may not be your dream. But do you ever wonder how does it feel to be in zero gravity ? Secondly, when other women can go into space, why can’t you? You, too, can make a mark like them.

Men and women from America and Russia have been flying in space since 1961. They have proved that humans can live and work successfully in space even for months at a stretch. Inspired by them ; Peggy Whitson, Pamela Melroy, Sunita Williams, Barbara Morgan have also set new records. With her 195 days in space, Sunita broke Shannon Lucid’s previous endurance record-until Peggy Whitson broke both women’s records in 2008.

It is heartening to note that they exhibited exemplary performances while repairing broken satellites, improvising new procedures when things went wrong in space. Even Kalpana Chawla’s indomitable spirit inspires millions of aspiring astronauts. Peggy Whitson is a walking laboratory for the long-term effects of zero gravity. Indian women have made a mark all over the world as engineers, scientists and doctors. But it is amazing that Indian women are nowhere on the list of space achievers. However, many have done marvelously well in fields where men could show their might.

Space flights are expanding. But there are hardly any women in the Indian space programmes. This may be due to the prevailing unfavourable conditions like poor infrastructure, gender-biased society and cultural inhibitions. Sheer dedication, strong academic background, mental and physical fitness and, of course, practical skills do certainly help to reach the final destination.

You know it well that we live in the 21st century where mindsets are changing for the better. Therefore, do not stop just because the task is daunting. It is difficult, but not impossible. There are great names to seek inspiration from ie, Kalpana Chawla and Sunita Williams. They have made India proud with their unflagging spirit and wonderful work done. Their achievements can certainly inspire you as well.

So, young girls, gear up for the space mission. Be, pilot astronauts or astronaut researchers. It requires your grit and courage to become an astronaut. Your friends have been flying aircraft and fighter bombers. You, too, can be responsible for the crew, the integrity of the space-flight-and its mission.

International Space Station welcomes you all heartily. You must dare to reach the frontiers of space and even beyond. Best of luck to you all!

Thank you very much.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 3 Chapter 3 Space Travel help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 3 Chapter 3 Space Travel, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 1 Chapter 1 Do Indians Get Enough Sleep ? are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 1 Chapter 1 Do Indians Get Enough Sleep ?.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 10
Subject	English Main Course Book
Chapter	Unit 1 Chapter 1
Chapter Name	Do Indians Get Enough Sleep ?
Category	NCERT Solutions

CBSE Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 1 Health and Medicine Chapter 1 Do Indians Get Enough Sleep ?

TEXTUAL EXERCISES

Question 1.
Now that you have read a substantial part of the feature article, work with your partner and jot down at least five reasons that, according to you, are mainly responsible for Indians today not getting the desired quota of sleep each night. Share your views with other pairs of students in your class.
Answer:
Five reasons responsible for Indians today not getting the desired quota of sleep each night are :

1. worries due to fast pace of life
2. relating to living problems
3. to and fro travel from home and office
4. trying to catch up with time
5. worries about studies, career, peer competition
6. absence of proper and balanced food
7. gap between what mind thinks and what actually is available
8. ambitions without proper props
9. parents discrimination

Note : Students to add a few more from their side and share their views with the other pairs of students.

Question 2.
On the basis of your reading of the article, answer the following questions :

(a) The direct result of lack of sleep is _____.
(b) Why is it important for physicians to ‘wake up’ to sleep disorders ? How will it help ?
(c) What do you understand by sleep deficit ? Why does the amount of sleep required to rejuvenate people vary from one person to another ?
(d) Why does the writer refer to the ‘early to bed …’principle ?

Answer:

(a) sleep disorders/many ailments.

(b) It is important for physicians to ‘wake up’ to sleep disorders because sleep disorders are behind many ailments. If sleep history is considered in evaluating a patient, it will help greatly in diagnosing the ailments.

(c) By ‘sleep deficit’ I mean the sleep that should have been there but was not had due to various reasons. The amount of sleep required to rejuvenate people varies from person to person. It is so because the physiological aspects and living conditions are different from one to another.

(d) The writer refers to the ‘early to bed …’ principle because it is just the best for a healthy person. However, it may not be possible today.

Question 3.
Now, write a letter to your school going younger brother or sister who is sleep deprived. Advise him or her to make life style changes to his/her daily schedule in order to get the desired hours of sleep daily.
Work in pairs and follow the CODER (Collect, Organize, Draft, Edit, Review) steps recommended for writing.

Language Tips :
(a) Remember to use the imperative form of sentences mostly.
E.g. “Drink a lot of water and take at least a fifteen minute stroll after dinner on a regular basis.”

(b) For the sake of introducing variety into your writing, use other forms of sentences making statements or asking questions, but consider the possibility of using modals like “should”, “must”, “may”, “might”, etc or using words or expressions that we usually employ when we advise others.
E.g. “You are recommended / advised to ……………… ”
“You ought to…”
“You must not forget to…”
“It is important to…”

Answer:

98-Sector 14A
Rohini, New Delhi
15 September, 20 – –

My dear Anil

I hope everything at your end is fine. I have learnt that you have started being sleep deprived due to various reasons. It is really very sad to know. There may be some valid reasons. However, I am sure if you change your life style, you can remain healthy.

First of all, I would say that sleep deprivation may be called the mother of all diseases. Leaving the reasons behind it aside you must think more of changing your daily routine. For instance, you must go to bed and rise at fixed times. Eat a balanced diet. Avoid junk food, avoid eating street food. Take plenty of water. Dwell more on eating your homemade food. Play for some time in between doing your homework. Don’t view television for I longer hours. Avoid sitting before the computer for hours together and in one posture. Snatch a few minutes in between, if you have to use it, and stretch your body. Avoid the effect of any peer competition. Stop giving a long rope to unrealistic goals.

I am sure if you pursue your goal with a strict regularity you’ll enjoy a sound sleep. You’ll also succeed in your goals.

Yours sincerely
_________________

Question 4.
(a) Phrasal verbs are “multi-word verbs”. These verbs consist of a basic verb + another word or words. The other word (s) can be prepositions and/or adverbs that modify or change their meaning. For example ‘give up’ is a phrasal verb that means ‘stop doing’ something, which is very different from ‘give’. In the article that you have just read there are a few phrasal verbs like :

• pull off : Manage to do something difficult or tricky/to steer or turn a vehicle off the road
• roll down : roll down (something) or roll (something) down : to move (something) down especially by turning handle
• head for : to go or cause to go (towards)
• woke up : arose from sleep/realized

Now look through the unit of Health and Medicine, figure out the phrasal verbs that you come across and list them.

Answer:

Some more phrasal verbs from the Unit are given below :

(b) Find words from the article which mean the saine as the following :

Answer:

Question 5.
Read the concluding part of the article on whether we get enough sleep these days.

Concluding Part of the Article

SUMMARY

Sleep is very important for one’s health. Without it we can invite health problems, like heart disease, diabetes, obesity and depression.

Stanley Coren, noted professor of psychology and author of‘Sleep Thieves’, says that not sleeping enough can affect one’s immune system. He says that the immune system works best when one is sleeping. Then natural killer cells are generated. These are produced in the bone marrow and found in the blood and lymph fluid. They are the part of the body’s defence mechanism against viruses etc, even cancer.

In a study conducted in Turkey it was found that after 24 hours of sleep deprivation these natural killer cells declined by 37%. In another study in the U.S.A. this percentage was 72%. This activity returns to normal when we begin to get proper sleep. But sleep deprivation does more damage to our immune system.

Dr. Michael Sole, a Canadian cardiologist, says that there is a higher rate of heart failure among people with sleep disorders and sleep disturbances. He emphasises that C-reactive protein is tjie evidence that indicates the heart disease risk.

Researches in various universities all over the world have discovered that sleep loss can reduce the body’s ability to regulate hormones etc. In a study at the University of Chicago sleep from eight hours a night was reduced to four hours. They noted changes in bodies. Sleep disturbances disturbed glucose in tolerance and insulin resistance causing heart diseases. Dietician Ramona Josephson notes that insufficient sleep may effect three hormones contributing to obesity. Increased hormones resulting from sleep loss make us eat more.

Sleep is important in keeping waistline trim. It also ensures a balanced brain activity. During sleep brain neurotransmitters get replenished. In the absence of sleep these brain chemicals become depleted. This leads to emotional disturbances like depression, anxiety, sadness, anger and irritation.

Question 6.
Find the words from the final part of the above article that you have just finished reading which mean the same as the words or group of words given below.

(a) Vital, very important (para 1): (i) _________

(b) the quality of being prone to or open (ii) _________
to dangers, like a disease or infection or a weakness (para 1):

(c) a wide range (para 1) : (iii) _________

(d) very badly in a damaging way (iv) _________
(para 4):

(e) a problem that has persisted for (v) _________
quite some time (para 5):

Answer:

(i) crucial
(ii) susceptibility
(iii) array
(iv) adversely
(v) chronic

Question 7.
Choose the appropriate options to complete the sentences below.

1. Lack of sleep

(a) decreases laziness.
(b) weakens the body’s capacity to combat diseases.
(c) helps youngsters do well in their examinations.
(d) prevents a person from gaining weight.

2. Natural killer cells

(a) make a person look old pretty quickly.
(b) are produced in large numbers when we stay awake.
(c) help us fight viruses and bacteria.
(d) work well even for sleep-deprived people.

3. C-reactive protein

(a) when produced more in the body causes heart failure.
(b) prevents us from having a good night’s sleep.
(c) helps us to sleep peacefully.
(d) assists in destroying natural killer cells.

4. If we don’t sleep well,

(a) we may lose our appetite.
(b) we may become very thin.
(c) our brain may stop functioning in a balanced manner.
(d) production of brain chemicals increases.

Answer:

1. (b) weakens the body’s capacity to combat diseases.
2. (c) help us fight viruses and bacteria.
3. (a) when produced more in the body causes heart failure.
4. (c) our brain may stop functioning in a balanced manner.

Question 8.
Lack of sleep has a direct effect on the production of three hormones and brain neurotransmitters, which in turn has a bearing on our health. Complete the table below to show the above.

Answer:

(i) appetite-suppressing (hormone) (weakness)
(ii) in obesity/suppressing appetite
(iii) hunger pangs
(iv) increase in hunger pangs
(v) stress (hormone)
(vi) increase in fat storage
(vii) get depleted,
(viii) sadness, anger and irritation, depression etc

Question 9.
You have read about sleep deprivation and the ill effects it has on human beings. There are other work areas where youngsters remain sleep deprived and fall a pray to ill health. Listen carefully to some of the comments made about the business process outsourcing (BPO) sector which is part of the IT-enabled industry and do the activity. [Page 239 and 240 of Main Course Book]


WORD-NOTES

While you listen, complete the following statements by choosing the right option :

1. According to the speaker, call centre work is insensitive because :

(i) the people cannot go to the toilets and need to concentrate very hard
(ii) the people are expected to attend to all the calls that come through to them
(iii) it requires unflagging concentration throughout the day with minimum breaks for meals or visits to the toilet
(iv) the people are expected to work on the computer all day long

2. People working at call centres are not allowed to leave their desks because :

(i) the managers do not want them to waste time smoking
(ii) they have to attend the calls which come in one after the other
(iii) they have to work at their computers all day long
(iv) they are paid very well

3. The targets that have to be met by the call centre employees have been called unrealistic because :

(i) they have to attend to too many calls in one day
(ii) they have to attend to double the calls than call centre workers in other countries
(iii) it is not humanly possible to attend all the calls that come through to them
(iv) the employees fall sick after working at these places

4. Closed circuit cameras have been installed in these offices to monitor

(i) whether the workers are smoking
(ii) whether the workers are resting at their desks
(iii) whether the workers are attending their calls without wasting a minute
(iv) whether the workers are visiting the toilets too often

5. The statistics about the health problems suffered by these people are

(i) 13%-headaches, 3%-eye fatigue, 23% indigestion and constipation
(ii) 3%-headaches, 13%-eye fatigue, 23% indigestion and constipation
(iii) 23%-headaches, 3%-eye fatigue, 13% indigestion and constipation
(iv) 13%-headaches, 13%-eye fatigue, 23% indigestion and constipation

6. That most people are not happy with their jobs in a call centre can be inferred from the fact that:

(i) they are under constant surveillance
(ii) they have to speak incessantly on the telephone
(iii) they have to stare at the computer screen all day long
(iv) they do not stay in the job for more than three years

Answers:

1. (iii) it requires unflagging concentration throughout the day with minimum breaks for meals or visits to the toilet
2. (ii) they have to attend the calls which come in ‘one after the other
3. (ii) they have to attend to double the calls than call centre workers in other countries
4. (iii) whether the workers are attending their calls without wasting a minute
5. (ii) 3%-headaches, 13%-eye fatigue, 23% indigestion and constipation
6. (iv) they do not stay in the job for more than three years

Question 10.
You have listened to the woes of working in a call centre. There are a number of other jobs which involve health hazards. However, modern advancements and developments in various therapies have improved our living conditions. Given below are different view points. In groups of four, discuss and add to these views :

Answer:

Meant for classroom activity. A sample of discussion is given below :

A : I personally feel that today the pace of life has become very fast. There is a lot of stress and pressure in everybody’s life …………

B : I agree with A. I see that a student has to cope up with lot of homework, peer competition, meeting parents’ ambitions etc. Don’t you see how students spend a day ? They have become the beasts of burden due to the stress of studies.

A : Then see the adults ! Do you see cheerfulness and joy on their faces ? Never ! They are always under stress and tension. This takes even small moments of joy from their lives. Worries of life have simply made them mad ………..

C : I am sorry, I don’t agree with you. They may be stressed but it is their own doing. I think that today men are more comfortable than their ancestors. See the advancement in every field of human activity. However, means of travel, medical facilities, health awareness, availability of medicines, new therapies etc, have increased life expectancy.

D : I agree with C. People today are more aware about their health. In the past we didn’t have yoga classes in parks etc. Now people are health conscious and do yoga and other physical exercises and eat a balanced diet.

E : Besides this, laughter therapies are there. We see adults laughing and clapping. These therapies have been found really beneficial for today’s stress and tension. Even absence of stress, you know, helps in keeping good health.

C : I feel that today human beings are comfortably placed in life than their ancestors. This all is because of scientific and technological advancement in almost every branch of life. Then education has brought a kind of revolution. Old treatises of medicines have been translated. Ayurvedic, Homeopathic and Unani medicines have rendered a great service to human health.

D : I see that there is no point in being pessimistic. We must live life full and with a positive outlook. We must sleep well, eat well and laugh and laugh. Of course, we mustn’t shun our work as work is worship…

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 1 Chapter 1 Do Indians Get Enough Sleep ? help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 1 Chapter 1 Do Indians Get Enough Sleep ?, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.