RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.3

RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.3

These Solutions are part of RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions. Here we have given RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.3

Other Exercises

Question 1.
Subtract the first rational number from the second in each of the following :
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.3 2
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.3 2
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.3 3
Solution:
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.3 4
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.3 5

Question 2.
Evaluate each of the following :
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.3 6
Solution:
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.3 7
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.3 8
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.3 9
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.3 10

Question 3.
The sum of two numbers is \(\frac { 5 }{ 9 }\). If one of the numbers is \(\frac { 1 }{ 3 }\), find the other.
Solution:
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.3 11

Question 4.
The sum of two numbers is \(\frac { -1 }{ 3 }\). If one of the numbers is \(\frac { -12 }{ 3 }\), find the other.
Solution:
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.3 12

Question 5.
The sum of two numbers is \(\frac { -4 }{ 3 }\). If one of the number is -5, find the
Solution:
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.3 13

Question 6.
The sum of two rational numbers is -8. If one of the numbers is \(\frac { -15 }{ 7 }\) find the other.
Solution:
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.3 14

Question 7.
What should be added to so as to \(\frac { -7 }{ 8 }\) get \(\frac { 5 }{ 9 }\) ?
Solution:
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.3 15

Question 8.
What number should be added to \(\frac { -5 }{ 11 }\) so as to get \(\frac { 26 }{ 3 }\) ?
Solution:
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.3 16

Question 9.
What number should be added to \(\frac { -5 }{ 7 }\) to get \(\frac { -2 }{ 3 }\) ?
Solution:
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.3 17
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.3 18

Question 10.
What number should be subtracted from \(\frac { -5 }{ 3 }\) to get \(\frac { 5 }{ 6 }\) ?
Solution:
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.3 19

Question 11.
What number should be subtracted from \(\frac { 3 }{ 7 }\) to get \(\frac { 5 }{ 4 }\) ?
Solution:
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.3 20

Question 12.
What should be added to \(\left( \frac { 2 }{ 3 } +\frac { 3 }{ 5 } \right)\) to get \(\frac { -12 }{ 15 }\) ?
Solution:
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.3 21
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.3 22

Question 13.
What should be added to \(\left( \frac { 1 }{ 2 } +\frac { 1 }{ 3 } +\frac { 1 }{ 5 } \right)\) to get 3 ?
Solution:
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.3 23

Question 14.
What should be subtracted from \(\left( \frac { 3 }{ 4 } -\frac { 2 }{ 3 } \right)\) to get \(\frac { -1 }{ 6 }\) ?
Solution:
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.3 24

Question 15.
Fill in the blanks :
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.3 25
Solution:
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.3 26
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.3 27
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.3 28

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RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.2

RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.2

These Solutions are part of RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions. Here we have given RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.2

Other Exercises

Question 1.
Verify commutativity of addition of rational numbers for each of the following pairs of rational numbers :
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.2 1
Solution:
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.2 2
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.2 3
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.2 4
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.2 5
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.2 6
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.2 7
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.2 8

Question 2.
Verify associativity of addition of rational numbers i.e., (A: + y) + z = x + (y + z), when :
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.2 9
Solution:
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.2 10
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.2 11
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.2 12
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.2 13
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.2 14

Question 3.
Write the additive inverse of each of the following rational numbers :
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.2 15
Solution:
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.2 16
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.2 17

Question 4.
Write the negative (additive inverse) of each of the following :
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.2 18
Solution:
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.2 19

Question 5.
Using commutativity and associativity of addition of rational numbers, express ‘iach of the following as a rational number :
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.2 20
Solution:
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.2 21
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.2 22

Question 6.
Re-arrange suitably and find the sum in each of the following :
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.2 23
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.2 24
Solution:
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.2 25
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.2 26
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.2 27

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RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.1

RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.1

These Solutions are part of RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions. Here we have given RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.1

Other Exercises

Question 1.
Add the following rational numbers:
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.1 1
Solution:
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.1 2
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.1 3

Question 2.
Add the following rational numbers:
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.1 4
Solution:
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.1 5
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.1 6
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.1 7
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.1 8
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.1 9
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.1 10

Question 3.
Simplify:
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.1 11
Solution:
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.1 12
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.1 13
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.1 14
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.1 15
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.1 16
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.1 17
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.1 18
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.1 19

Question 4.
Add and Express the sum as mixed fraction:
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.1 20
Solution:
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.1 21
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.1 22
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.1 23
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.1 24
RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Ex 1.1 25

 

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Online Education for RS Aggarwal Class 8 Solutions Chapter 11 Compound Interest Ex 11C

Online Education for RS Aggarwal Class 8 Solutions Chapter 11 Compound Interest Ex 11C

These Solutions are part of Online Education RS Aggarwal Solutions Class 8. Here we have given RS Aggarwal Solutions Class 8 Chapter 11 Compound Interest Ex 11C.

Other Exercises

Question 1.
Solution:
Principal (P) = Rs. 8000
Rate (R) = 10% p.a. or 5% half yearly
Period (n) = 1 year or 2 half years
RS Aggarwal Class 8 Solutions Chapter 11 Compound Interest Ex 11C 1.1

You can also Download NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths to help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Question 2.
Solution:
Principal (P) = Rs. 31250
Rate (R) = 8% p.a. or 4% half yearly
Period (n) = \(1\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \) years or 3 half years
RS Aggarwal Class 8 Solutions Chapter 11 Compound Interest Ex 11C 2.1
= Rs 3902

Question 3.
Solution:
Principal (P) = Rs 12800
Rate (R) = \(7\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \)% p.a. = \(\\ \frac { 15 }{ 2 } \)% half yearly
Period (n) = 1 year or 2 half years
RS Aggarwal Class 8 Solutions Chapter 11 Compound Interest Ex 11C 3.1

Question 4.
Solution:
Principal (P) = Rs. 160000
Rate (R) = 10% p.a. or 5% half yearly
Period (n) = 2 years or 4 half years
RS Aggarwal Class 8 Solutions Chapter 11 Compound Interest Ex 11C 4.1

Question 5.
Solution:
Principal (P) = Rs. 40960
Rate (R) = \(12\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \) = \(\\ \frac { 25 }{ 2 } \)% p.a. or \(\\ \frac { 25 }{ 4 } \) % half yearly
RS Aggarwal Class 8 Solutions Chapter 11 Compound Interest Ex 11C 5.1

Question 6.
Solution:
Loan received for the cost of the house (P) = Rs. 125000
Rate of interest (R) = 12% p.a. or 6% half yearly
RS Aggarwal Class 8 Solutions Chapter 11 Compound Interest Ex 11C 6.1

Question 7.
Solution:
Amount deposit in the bank = Rs. 20000
Rate of interest (R) = 6% p.a. or 3% half-yearly
Period (n) = 1 year or 2 half years
Amount received after 1 year
= \({ \left( 1+\frac { R }{ 100 } \right) }^{ n }\)
RS Aggarwal Class 8 Solutions Chapter 11 Compound Interest Ex 11C 7.1

Question 8.
Solution:
Amount of loan = Rs. 65536
Rate of interest (R) = 12 \(12\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \) % = \(\\ \frac { 25 }{ 2 } \)%
RS Aggarwal Class 8 Solutions Chapter 11 Compound Interest Ex 11C 8.1
RS Aggarwal Class 8 Solutions Chapter 11 Compound Interest Ex 11C 8.2

Question 9.
Solution:
Amount deposit in the bank (P)
= Rs. 32000
Rate of interest (R) = 5% p.a.
RS Aggarwal Class 8 Solutions Chapter 11 Compound Interest Ex 11C 9.1

Question 10.
Solution:
Amount taken from finance company (P) = Rs. 390625
Rate of interest (R) = 16% p.a.
RS Aggarwal Class 8 Solutions Chapter 11 Compound Interest Ex 11C 10.1

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Online Education NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Sanskrit Chapter 14 आर्यभटः

We have given detailed Online Education NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Sanskrit Ruchira Chapter 14 आर्यभटः Questions and Answers come in handy for quickly completing your homework.

Online Education NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Sanskrit Ruchira Chapter 14 आर्यभटः

Class 8 Sanskrit Chapter 8 Chapter 14 आर्यभटः Textbook Questions and Answers

1. एकपदेन उत्तरत
(एकपद में उत्तर दो)

(क) सूर्यः कस्यां दिशायाम् उदेति?
उत्तराणि:
पूर्वस्याम्।

(ख) आर्यभटस्य वेधशाला कुत्र आसीत्?
उत्तराणि:
पाटलिपुत्रे।

(ग) महान् गणितज्ञः ज्योतिर्विच्च कः अस्ति?
उत्तराणि:
आर्यभटः।

(घ) आर्यभटेन कः ग्रन्थः रचित?
उत्तराणि:
आर्यभटीयम्।

(ङ) अस्माकं प्रथमोपग्रहस्य नाम किम् अस्ति?
उत्तराणि:
आर्यभटः।

2. पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरत –
(पूर्ण वाक्य में उत्तर दो)

(क) कः सुस्थापितः सिद्धान्तः?
उत्तराणि:
सूर्योऽचलः पृथिवी च चलेति सुस्थापितः सिद्धान्तः।

(ख) चन्द्रग्रहणं कथं भवति?
उत्तराणि:
यदा पृथिव्याः छायया चन्द्रस्य प्रकाशः अवरुध्यते, तदा चन्द्रग्रहणं भवति।

(ग) सूर्यग्रहणं कथं दृश्यते?
उत्तराणि:
चन्द्रस्य छायया सूर्यग्रहणं भवति।

(घ) आर्यभटस्य विरोधः किमर्थमभवत्?
उत्तराणि:
नूतनविचाराणां स्थापनया आर्यभटस्य विरोधः अभवत्।

(ङ) प्रथमोपग्रहस्य नाम आर्यभटः इति कथं कृतम्?
उत्तराणि:
आर्यभटस्य योगदानम् अवलोक्य प्रथमोपग्रहस्य नाम आर्यभटः इति कृतम्।

3. रेखांकितपदानि आधृत्य प्रश्ननिर्माणं कुरुत –
(रेखांकित पदों के लिए प्रश्न निर्माण कीजिए)

(क) सूर्यः पश्चिमायां दिशायाम् अस्तं गच्छति।
उत्तराणि:
सूर्यः कस्यां दिशायाम् अस्तं गच्छति?

(ख) पृथिवी स्थिरा वर्तते इति परम्परया प्रचलिता रूढिः।
उत्तराणि:
पृथिवी स्थिरा वर्तते इति कथं प्रचलिता रूढिः?

(ग) आर्यभटस्य योगदानं गणितज्योतिषः संबद्धः वर्तते।
उत्तराणि:
आर्यभटस्य योगदान केन संबद्धः वर्तते?

(घ) समाजे नूतनविचाराणां स्वीकरणे प्रायः सामान्यजनाः काठिन्यमनुमवन्ति।
उत्तराणि:
समाजे नूतनविचाराणां स्वीकरणे प्रायः के काठिन्यमनुमवन्ति।

(ङ) पृथ्वीसूर्ययोः मध्ये चन्द्रस्य छाया पातेन सूर्य ग्रहणं भवति।
उत्तराणि:
कयोः मध्ये चन्द्रस्य छाया पातेन सूर्य ग्रहणं भवति?

4. मञ्जूषातः पदानि चित्वा रिक्तस्थानानि पूरयत –
(मंजूषा से पदों को लेकर रिक्तस्थानों को पूरा करो)

मञ्जूषा- [ नौकाम्, पृथिवी, तदा, चला, अस्तं]

(क) सूर्यः पूर्वदिशायाम् उदेति पश्चिमदिशायां च ………… गच्छति।
उत्तराणि:
सूर्यः पूर्वदिशायाम् उदेति पश्चिमदिशायां च अस्तं गच्छति।

(ख) सूर्यः अचलः पृथिवी च ………..
उत्तराणि:
सूर्यः अचलः पृथिवी च चला।

(ग) ……….. स्वकीये अक्षे घूर्णति।
उत्तराणि:
पृथिवी स्वकीये अक्षे घूर्णति।

(घ) यदा पृथिव्याः छायापातेन चन्द्रस्य प्रकाशः अवरुध्यते ……….. चन्द्रग्रहणं भवति।
उत्तराणि:
यदा पृथिव्याः छायापातेन चन्द्रस्य प्रकाशः अवरुध्यते तदा चन्द्रग्रहणं भवति।

(ङ) नौकायाम् उपविष्टः मानवः ………….. स्थिरामनुभवति।
उत्तराणि:
नौकायाम् उपविष्टः मानवः नौकां स्थिरामनुभवति ।

5. सन्धिविच्छेदं कुरुत
(सन्धिविच्छेद करो)

ग्रन्थोऽयम् = ……………… + ………………..
सूर्याचलः = ……………… + ………………..
तथैव = ……………… + ………………..
कालातिगामिनी = ……………… + ………………..
प्रथमोपग्रहस्य = ……………… + ………………..
उत्तराणि:
ग्रन्थोऽयम् = ग्रन्थः + अयम्।
सूर्याचलः = सूर्य + अचलः।
तथैव = तथा + एव।
कालातिगामिनी = काल + अतिगामिनी।
प्रथमोपग्रहस्य = प्रथम + उपग्रहस्य।

6. (अ) अधोलिखितपदानां विपरीतार्थकपदानि लिखत –
(निम्नलिखित पदों के विपरीतार्थक पद लिखो)

उदयः – ………………..
अचलः – ………………..
अन्धकारः – ………………..
स्थिरः – ………………..
समादरः – ………………..
आकाशस्य – ………………..
उत्तराणि:
उदयः – अस्तः ।
अचलः – चलः।
अन्धकारः – प्रकाशः।
स्थिरः – अस्थिरः।
समादरः – अनादरः।
आकाशस्य – धरायाः ।

6. (आ) अधोलिखितपदानां समानार्थकपदानि पाठात् चित्वा लिखत –
(निम्न पदों के समान अर्थ वाले पाठ में चुनकर लिखिए)

शब्दाः – अर्थाः
संसारे – ………………..
इदानीम् – ………………..
वसुन्धरा – ………………..
समीपम् – ………………..
गणनम् – ………………..
राक्षसौ – ………………..
उत्तराणि:
शब्दाः – अर्थाः
संसारे – लोके
इदानीम् – साम्प्रतम्
वसुन्धरा – पृथिवी
समीपम् – निकषा
गणनम् – आकलनम्
राक्षसौ – राहुकेतुनामानौ

7. अधोलिखितानि पदानि आधृत्य वाक्यानि रचयत –
(निम्नलिखित पदों के आधार पर वाक्यों की रचना करो)

साम्प्रतम् – …………………
निकषा – …………………
परितः – …………………
उपविष्टः – …………………
कर्मभूमिः – …………………
वैज्ञानिकः – …………………
उत्तराणि:
साम्प्रतम् विज्ञानस्य युगम् अस्ति।
ग्रामं निकषा तडागः अस्ति।
नगरं परितः जलं वर्तते।
वृक्षे एकः काकः उपविष्टः अस्ति।
श्रीकृष्णस्य कर्मभूमिः गोकुलम् आसीत् ।
आर्यभटः वैज्ञानिकः आसीत्।

Class 8 Sanskrit Chapter 14 आर्यभटः Additional Important Questions and Answers

अधोलिखितं गद्यांशं पठित्वा निर्देशानुसारं प्रश्नान् उत्तरत –

476 तमे ख्रिस्ताब्दे आर्यभटः जन्म लब्धवानिति तेनैव विरचिते ‘आर्यभटीयम्’ इत्यस्मिन् ग्रन्थे उल्लिखितम्। ग्रन्थोऽयं तेन त्रयोविंशतितमे वयसि विरचितः। ऐतिहासिकस्रोतोभिः ज्ञायते यत् पाटलिपुत्रं निकषा आर्यभटस्य वेधशाला आसीत्।

I. एकपदेन उत्तरत

(i) आर्यभटः कदा जन्म लब्धवान्?
उत्तराणि:
476 तमे वर्षे ।

(ii) आर्यभटस्य वेधशाला कुत्र आसीत्?
उत्तराणि:
पाटलिपुत्रं निकषा।

II. पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरत

(i) आर्यभटेन को ग्रन्थः लिखितः?
उत्तराणि:
आर्यभटेन ‘आर्यभटीयम्’ इति ग्रन्थो लिखितः।

III. निर्देशानुसारम् प्रदत्तविकल्पेभ्यः उचितं उत्तरं चित्वा लिखत –

(i) ‘विरचितः’ इति क्रियापदस्य कर्तृपदं किम्?
(क) अयं
(ख) तेन
(ग) वयसि
(घ) ग्रन्थः
उत्तराणि:
(ख) तेन

(ii) ‘लब्धवान्’ इत्यस्मिन् पदे कः प्रत्ययः?
(क) क्त
(ख) वान्
(ग) शानच्
(घ) क्तवतु
उत्तराणि:
(घ) क्तवतु

समुचितपदेन रिक्तस्थानानि पूरयत येन कथनानां भावः स्पष्टो भवेत् –

सूर्यो गतिशील इति अवबोध्यम्।
भाव:-……… भ्रमति इति ज्ञेयम्।
उत्तरम्-
सूर्यः भ्रमति इति ज्ञेयम् ।

अधोलिखितेषु भावार्थेषु समुचितभावार्थं लिखत

(क) पृथिव्याम् अवस्थितः मानवः पृथिवीं स्थिराम् अनुभवति।
भावार्थाः
(i) पृथिव्यां स्थितः जनः ‘पृथिवी स्थिरा अस्ति’ इति जानाति।
(ii) स्थिर पृथिव्यां मानवः तिष्ठति।
(iii) मानवः पृथिवीं स्थिरां मन्यते।
उत्तराणि:
(i) पृथिव्यां स्थितः जनः ‘पृथिवी स्थिरा अस्ति’ इति जानाति।

अधोलिखितेषु शुद्धकथनं ( ✓ ) चिह्नन अशुद्धकथनं (✗) चिह्नन अङ्कयत –

स पण्डितम्मन्यानाम् उपहासपात्रम् जातः

(i) पण्डितम्मन्याः जनाः आर्यभटस्य उपहासम् अकुर्वन् ।
(ii) सः पण्डितानाम् उपहासम् अकरोत् ।
उत्तराणि:
(i) (✓)
(ii) (✗)

अधोलिखितवाक्येषु स्थूलपदानि आधृत्य प्रश्ननिर्माणं कुरुत –

(i) आर्यभटस्य अपि विरोधः अभवत् ।
(क) कस्याः
(ख) कस्य
(ग) केषाम्
(घ) कस्मिन्
उत्तराणि:
कस्य विरोधः अभवत्?

(ii) सूर्यः पूर्वदिशायाम् उदेति।
(क) किम्
(ख) क:
(ग) का
(घ) कम्
उत्तराणि:
कः पूर्वदिशायाम् उदेति?

(iii) सूर्योऽचलः पृथिवी च चला।
(क) कः
(ख) कौ
(ग) का
(घ) के
उत्तराणि:
का चला अस्ति?

घटनाक्रमानुसारम् अधोलिखितानि वाक्यानि पुनः लेखनीयानि –

(i) आर्यभटस्य विरोधः अभवत् ।
उत्तराणि:
476 तमे ख्रिस्ताब्दे आर्यभटः जन्म लब्धवान्।

(ii) 476 तमे ख्रिस्ताब्दे आर्यभट: जन्म लब्धवान् ।
उत्तराणि:
तेन आर्यभटीयम् इति ग्रन्थः प्रणीतः।

(iii) तेन आर्यभटीयम् इति ग्रन्थः प्रणीतः।
उत्तराणि:
पाटलिपुत्रे आर्यभटस्य वेधशाला आसीत्।

(iv) अस्माकं प्रथमोपग्रहस्य नाम आर्यभट इति कृतम्।
उत्तराणि:
तस्य कर्मभूमिः पाटलिपुत्रमेव आसीत्।

(v) पाटलिपुत्रे आर्यभटस्य वेधशाला आसीत्।
उत्तराणि:
गणितपद्धत्या तेन ग्रहणस्य वैज्ञानिकं कारणं उपादिशत्।

(vi) गणितपद्धत्या तेन ग्रहणस्य वैज्ञानिकं कारणं उपादिशत्।
उत्तराणि:
आर्यभटस्य विरोधः अभवत्।

(vii) तस्य कर्मभूमिः पाटलिपुत्रमेव आसीत्।
उत्तराणि:
अस्माकं प्रथमोपग्रहस्य नाम आर्यभट इति कृतम्।

अधोलिखिते सन्दर्भे रिक्तस्थानानि मंजूषातः उचितपदैः पूरयत –

आर्यभटस्य …………… गणितज्योतिषा …….. ……. वर्तते यत्र …………… आकलनं ……………. आदधाति।
[महत्त्वम्, योगदानम्, सम्बद्धम्, संख्यानाम् ।]
उत्तराणि:
आर्यभटस्य योगदानम् गणितज्योतिषा सम्बद्धम् वर्तते यत्र संख्यानाम् आकलनं महत्त्वम् आदधाति।

अधोलिखितानां शब्दानां वाक्येषु प्रयोगं कुरुत –

उदेति, अनुभवति, निकषा।
उत्तराणि:
(i) उदेति = उदयः भवति।
सूर्यः पूर्वस्याम् उदेति।

(ii) अनुभवति = अनुभवं करोति।
सन्तुष्टः जनः सदा सुखम् अनुभवति।

(iii) निकषा = निकटे।
ग्रामं निकषा उपवनम् अस्ति।

अधोलिखितानां शब्दानां समक्षं दत्तैरथैः सह मेलनं कुरुत –

शब्दाः – अर्थाः
(i) नूतनः – प्राप्तः
(ii) निकषा – कठिनता
(iii) काठिन्यम् – अवस्था
(iv) समागतः – नवीनः
(v) वयः – समीपम्
(vi) लब्धः – आगतः।
उत्तराणि:
शब्दाः – अर्थाः
(i) नूतनः – नवीनः
(ii) निकषा – समीपम्
(iii) काठिन्यम् – कठिनता
(iv) समागतः – आगतः
(v) वयः – अवस्था
(vi) लब्धः – प्राप्तः।

1. निम्नलिखितगद्यांशद्वयं पठित्वा प्रश्नान् उत्तरत –

(क) समाजे नूतनानां विचाराणां स्वीकारे प्रायः सामान्यजनाः काठिन्यमनुभवन्ति। भारतीयज्योति:शास्त्रे तथैव आर्यभटस्यापि विरोधः अभवत्। तस्य सिद्धान्ताः उपेक्षिताः।

(i) एकपदेन उत्तरत-

कस्य सिद्धान्ताः उपेक्षिता:?
(क) आर्यभटः
(ख) आर्यभटस्य
(ग) आर्यभटे
(घ) आर्यभटाय
उत्तराणि:
(ख) आर्यभटस्य

(ii) पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरत-

समाजे सामान्यजनाः केषाम् स्वीकारे काठिन्यम् अनुभवन्ति?
उत्तराणि:
समाजे नूतनानां विचाराणां स्वीकारे सामान्यजनाः काठिन्यमनुभवन्ति।

(iii) ‘तस्य’ इति सर्वनामपदं कस्मै प्रयुक्तः?
(क) आर्यभटाय
(ख) आर्यभटः
(ग) आर्यभटेन
(घ) आर्यभटस्य
उत्तराणि:
(घ) आर्यभटस्य

(iv) ‘नवीनानां’ इत्यर्थे किं पदं प्रयुक्तं?
(क) नूतनानां
(ख) प्राचीन
(ग) नूतन
(घ) नूतनानि
उत्तराणि:
(क) नूतनानां

(ख) ग्रन्थोऽयं तेन त्रयोविंशतितमे वयसि विरचितः। ऐतिहासिकस्रोतोभिः ज्ञायते यत् पाटलिपुत्रं निकषा आर्यभटस्य वेधशाला आसीत्। अनेन इदम् अनुमीयते यत् तस्य कर्मभूमिः पाटलिपुत्रमेव आसीत्।

(i) एकपदेन उत्तरत

पाटलिपुत्रम् कस्य कर्मभूमिः आसीत्?
(क) आर्यभटस्य
(ख) आर्यभटः
(ग) आर्यभटं
(घ) आर्यभटाः
उत्तराणि:
(क) आर्यभटस्य

(ii) पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरत

आर्यभटेन कदा ग्रन्थः रचित?
उत्तराणि:
आर्यभटेन त्रयोविंशतितमे वयसि ग्रन्थः रचितः।

(iii) ‘समीपं’ इत्यस्य पर्यायपदं गद्यांशे किं प्रयुक्तं?
(क) निकषा
(ख) यत्
(ग) वयसि
(घ) ज्ञायते
उत्तराणि:
(क) निकषा

(iv) ‘वयसि’ अस्मिन् पदे का विभक्तिः किं वचनं च?
(क) प्रथमा, एकवचन
(ख) सप्तमी, बहुवचन
(ग) सप्तमी, एकवचन
(घ) षष्ठी, एकवचन
उत्तराणि:
(ग) सप्तमी, एकवचन

2. रेखाङ्कितपदानि आधृत्य प्रश्ननिर्माणं कुरुत –

(i) भारतस्य प्रथमोपग्रहस्य नाम आर्यभटः अस्ति?
(क) कस्याः
(ख) कस्य
(ग) कया
(घ) केन
उत्तराणि:
(ख) कस्य

(ii) पूर्वदिशायाम् उदेति सूर्यः।
(क) कः
(ख) कस्य
(ग) कस्याम्
(घ) का
उत्तराणि:
(ग) कस्याम्

Online Education NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities Ex 8.3

In Online Education NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities Ex 8.3 are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities Ex 8.3.

Board CBSE
Textbook NCERT
Class Class 8
Subject Maths
Chapter Chapter 8
Chapter Name Comparing Quantities
Exercise Ex 8.3
Number of Questions Solved 12
Category NCERT Solutions

Online Education NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities Ex 8.3

Question 1.
Calculate the amount and compound interest on
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities Ex 8.3 1
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities Ex 8.3 1 2
Solution.
(a) By using year by year calculation
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities Ex 8.3 2
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities Ex 8.3 3

(b) By using year by year calculation
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities Ex 8.3 4
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities Ex 8.3 5
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities Ex 8.3 6
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities Ex 8.3 7

(c) By using half year by half year calculation
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities Ex 8.3 8
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities Ex 8.3 9

(d) By using half-year by half-year calculation
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities Ex 8.3 10
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities Ex 8.3 11
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities Ex 8.3 12

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities Ex 8.3 13
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities Ex 8.3 14
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities Ex 8.3 38

Question 2.
Kamala borrowed ₹ 26,400 from a Bank to buy a scooter at a rate of 15% p.a. compounded yearly. What amount will she pay at the end of 2 years and 4 months to clear the loan?
(Hint: Find A for 2 years if interest is compounded yearly and then find SI on the 2nd year amount for \(\frac { 4 }{ 12 } \) year)
Solution.
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities Ex 8.3 15

Question 3.
Fabina borrows ₹ 12,500 at 12% per annum for 3 years at simple interest and Radha borrows the same amount for the same time period at 10% per annum, compounded annually. Who pays more interest and by how much ?
Solution.
For Fabina
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities Ex 8.3 16

Question 4.
I borrowed ₹ 12,000from Jamshed at 6% per annum simple interest for 2 years. Had I borrowed this sum at 6% per annum compound interest, what excess amount would I have to pay?
Solution.
At simple interest
P = ₹ 12000
R = 6% per annum
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities Ex 8.3 17

Question 5.
Vasudevan invested ₹ 60,000 on interest at the rate of 12% per annum compounded half yearly. What amount would he get
(i) after 6 months?
(ii) after 1 year?
Solution.
(i) after 6 months
P = ₹ 60,000
R = 12% per annum
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities Ex 8.3 18

(ii) after 1 year
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities Ex 8.3 19

Question 6.
Arif took a loan of ₹ 80,000 from a bank. If the rate of interest is 10% per annum, find the difference in amounts he would be paying after \(1\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \) years if the interest is
(i) compounded annually
(ii) compounded half yearly
Solution.
(i) compounded annually
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities Ex 8.3 20

(ii) compounded half yearly
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities Ex 8.3 21
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities Ex 8.3 22

Question 7.
Maria invested ₹ 8,000 in business. She would be paid interest at the rate of 5% per annum compounded annually. Find
(i) the amount credited against her name at the end of the second year.
(ii) the interest for the 3rd year.
Solution.
(i)
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities Ex 8.3 23

(ii)
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities Ex 8.3 24
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities Ex 8.3 25
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities Ex 8.3 26

Question 8.
Find the amount and the compound interest on ₹ 10,000 for \(1\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \) years at 10% per annum, compounded half yearly. Would this interest be more than the interest he would get if it was compounded annually?
Solution.
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities Ex 8.3 27
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities Ex 8.3 28
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities Ex 8.3 29

Question 9.
Find the amount which Ram will get on ₹ 4,096 if he gave it for 18 months at \(12\frac { 1 }{ 2 } % \) per annum, interest being compounded half yearly.
Solution.
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities Ex 8.3 30
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities Ex 8.3 31

Question 10.
The population of a place increased to 54,000 in 2003 at a rate of 5% per annum.
(i) find the population in 2001.
(ii) what would he its population in 2005?
Solution.
(i)
Let the population in 2001 be P.
R = 5% p.a.
n = 2 years
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities Ex 8.3 32

(ii)
initial population in 2003
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities Ex 8.3 33

Question 11.
In a Laboratory, the count of bacteria in a certain experiment was increasing at the rate of 2.5% per hour. Find the bacteria at the end of 2 hours, if the count was initially 5,06,000.
Solution.
Initial count of bacteria
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities Ex 8.3 34
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities Ex 8.3 35

Question 12.
A scooter was bought at ₹ 42,000. It’s value depreciated at the rate of 8% per annum. Find its value after one year.
Solution.
Initial value of the scooter
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities Ex 8.3 36
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities Ex 8.3 37

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities Ex 8.3 help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities Ex 8.3, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

Online Education NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Hindi Vasant Chapter 18 टोपी

In Online Education NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Hindi Vasant Chapter 18 टोपी are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Hindi. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Hindi Vasant Chapter 18 टोपी.

Board CBSE
Textbook NCERT
Class Class 8
Subject Hindi Vasant
Chapter Chapter 18
Chapter Name टोपी
Number of Questions Solved 12
Category NCERT Solutions

Online Education NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Hindi Vasant Chapter 18 टोपी

प्रश्न-अभ्यास
(पाठ्यपुस्तक से)

कहानी से

प्रश्न 1. गवरइया और गवरा के बीच किस बात पर बहस हुई और गवरइया को अपनी इच्छा पूरी करने का अवसर कैसे मिला?
उत्तर :
गवरइया और गवरा के बीच आदमियों के द्वारा रंग-बिरंगे और सुंदर कपड़े पहनने की बात पर बहस हुई। गवरा कह रहा था कि कपड़े से आदमी की खूबसूरती बढ़ जाती है तथा वह सर्दी, गर्मी एवं वर्षा की मार से बचता है। इसके विपरीत गवरा कहता था कि आदमी कपड़े पहनने से बदसूरत लगने लगता है। उसकी शारीरिक क्षमता प्रभावित होती है। इसके अलावा कपड़ों से आदमी की हैसियत का पता चल जाता है। गवरइया को अपनी इच्छा पूरी करने का अवसर तब मिला जब वे दोनों घूरे पर दाना चुनने गए थे, जहाँ उन्हें रुई का फाहा मिला था। उसने उससे सूत कतवाया, कपड़े बनवाए तथा टोपी सिलाकर अपनी इच्छा पूरी की।

प्रश्न 2. गवरइया और गवरे की बहस के तर्को को एकत्र करें और उन्हें संवाद के रूप में लिखें।
उत्तर :
गवरइया और गवरे की बहस निम्नलिखित चार तर्कों पर हुई –

  1. आदमियों द्वारा कपड़े पहनने पर।
  2. गवरइया द्वारा टोपी पहनने पर।
  3. रुई का फाहा मिलने पर।
  4. गवरइया द्वारा टोपी पहनने के बाद।

इनके बीच हुई बहस को संवाद के रूप में इस प्रकार लिखा जा सकता है

  1. आदमियों द्वारा कपड़े पहनने पर
    गवरइया – देखते हो, आदमी रंग बिंरगे कपड़े पहनकर कितना सुंदर दिखाई देता है।
    गवरा – पागल हो रही है क्या? आदमी कपड़े पहनकर बदसूरत दिखता है।
    गवरइया – लगता है आज लटजीरा चुग आए हो क्या? आदमी पर कपड़ा कितना फबता है?
    गवरा – खाक फबता है। कपड़े से मनुष्य की खूबसूरती ढक जाती है। अब तुम्हारे शरीर का एक-एक कटाव मैं जो देख रहा हूँ, कपड़े पहनने पर कैसे देख पाता।
    गवरइया – पर आदमी मौसम की मार से भी बचने के लिए कपड़े पहनता
    गवरा – कपड़े पहनने से आदमी की सहनशक्ति भी तो प्रभावित होती है। कपड़े पहनने से आदमी की हैसियत में भी तो फर्क दिखने लगता है। इसके अलावा उनकी हैसियत का भी पता चल जाता है।
  2. गवरइया द्वारा टोपी पहनने पर
    गवरइया – आदमी की टोपी तो सबसे अच्छी होती है। मेरा भी मन टोपी पहनने को करता है।
    गवरी – तू टोपी की बात कर रही है। टोपी की तो बहुत मुसीबतें हैं। कितने राज-पाट बदल जाते हैं। लोग अपनी टोपी बचाने के लिए कितनों को टोपी पहनाते हैं। जरा-सी चूक हुई और टोपी उछलते देर नहीं लगती है। मेरी मान तो तू इस चक्कर में पड़ ही मत।
  3. रुई का फाहा मिलने पर
    गवरइया – मिल गया, मिल गया! मुझे रुई का फाहा मिल गया।
    गवरा – लगता है तू पगला गई है। रुई से टोपी बनवाने का सफर कितना कठिन है।
    गवरइया – टोपी तो बनवानी है चाहे जैसे भी बने।
  4. गवरड्या द्वारा टोपी पहने के बाद
    गवरइया – (गवरे से) देख मेरी टोपी सबसे निराली… पाँच हुँदने वाली।
    गवरा – वाकई तू तो रानी लग रही है।
    गवरइया – ‘‘रानी नहीं, राजा कहो मेरे राजा। अब कौन राजा मेरा मुकाबला करेगा।”

प्रश्न 3. टोपी बनवाने के लिए गवरइया किस-किसके पास गई? टोपी बनने तक के एक-एक कार्य को लिखें।
उत्तर :
टोपी बनवाने के लिए गवरइया निम्नलिखित चार लोगों के पास गई –

  1. धुनिया के पास – घूरे पर मिला रुई का फाहा लेकर गवरइया सबसे पहले धुनिए के पास गई। वह पहले तो गवरइया का काम करने को तैयार न था पर आधी रुई मेहनताने के रूप में पाने पर काम करने के लिए तैयार हो गया और रुई धुन दी।
  2. कोरी के पास – धुनिया से रुई धुनवाकर गवरइया सूत कतवाने धुनिए के पास गई। कोरी ने पहले तो मुफ्त में काम करने से मना कर दिया पर आधा सूत मेहनताना के रूप में पाने पर महीन सूत कात दिया।
  3. बुनकर के पास – कोरी द्वारा काता महीन सूत लेकर गवरइया बुनकर के पास गई। बुनकर ने आधे कपड़े को पारिश्रमिक के रूप में लेकर महीन कपड़ा बुन दिया।
  4. दर्जी के पास – पहले तो दर्जी गवरइया का काम करने को तैयार न था, परंतु जब गवरइया ने उससे कहा कि दो टोपियाँ सिलकर एक उसे दे दे तथा एक स्वयं ले ले तब वह सहर्ष काम करने को तैयार हो गया।

प्रश्न 4. गवरइया की टोपी पर दर्जी ने पाँच हुँदने क्यों जड़ दिए?
उत्तर :
गवरइया जब बुनकर द्वारा बुना महीन कपड़ा लेकर दर्जी के पास गई तो उसने दर्जी से कहा कि इस कपड़े से दो टोपियाँ सिल दे। उनमें से एक को अपने पारिश्रमिक के रूप में रख ले। इतनी अच्छी मजूरी मिलने की बात दर्जी सोच भी नहीं सकता था। वह बहुत खुश हुआ। उसने अपनी खुशी से गवरइया की टोपी पर पाँच हुँदने जड़ दिए।

कहानी से आगे

प्रश्न 1. किसी कारीगर से बातचीत कीजिए और परिश्रम का उचित मूल्य नहीं मिलने पर उसकी प्रतिक्रिया क्या होगी? ज्ञात कीजिए और लिखिए।
उत्तर :
मेरे घर के निकट एक बढ़ई रहता है। वह अपने काम के लिए प्रसिद्ध है। उसका बनाया सामान भी सुंदर, मजबूत तथा टिकाऊ होता है। एक बार एक धनी व्यक्ति ने काम के लिए उसे बुलाया। आधा काम हो जाने के बाद उसे पारिश्रमिक मिला जो बाजार रेट से काफी कम था। उस बढ़ई का वहाँ सामान लग चुका था, इसलिए काम करना उसकी मजबूरी थी। उससे जब मैंने बात की तो बढ़ई ने बताया कि उचित पारिश्रमिक न मिलने पर काम में मन नहीं लगता है। मन चिड़चिड़ा सा हुआ रहता है तथा काम में सुंदरता नहीं आ पाती है।

प्रश्न 2. गवरइया की इच्छा पूर्ति का क्रम घूरे पर रुई के मिल जाने से प्रारंभ होता है। उसके बाद वह क्रमशः एक-एक कर कई कारीगरों के पास जाती है और उसकी टोपी तैयार होती है। आप भी अपनी कोई इच्छा चुन लीजिए। उसकी पूर्ति के लिए योजना और कार्य-विवरण तैयार कीजिए।
उत्तर :
मैंने परीक्षा में प्रथम स्थान प्राप्त किया। मुझे उपहार स्वरूप 501 रुपये तथा सभी विषयों की किताबें एवं सी.डी. मिली। अब समस्या थी कि इस सी.डी. को मैं कहाँ देखें। घर में सी.डी. प्लेयर नहीं था। मैंने माँ से कुछ रुपये माँगे तथा कुछ पिताजी से। मैंने अपनी और भाई की गुल्लक से पैसे निकाले । एक मित्र से भी दो सौ रुपये लिए। अब मेरे पास कुल दो हजार दो सौ रुपये थे। मैं अपने पिताजी को पुस्तकें दिलाने के बहाने साथ ले गया और किताब की दुकान पर न जाकर इलैक्ट्रानिक्स की दुकान से सी.डी. प्लेयर दो हजार तीन सौ रुपये में खरीदा। एक सौ रुपये पिताजी ने दे दिए। इस प्रकार अपनी आवश्यक वस्तु पाकर मैं बहुत खुश हुआ।

प्रश्न 3. गवरइया के स्वभाव से यह प्रमाणित होता है कि कार्य की सफलता के लिए उत्साह आवश्यक है। सफलता के लिए उत्साह की आवश्यकता क्यों पड़ती है, तर्क सहित लिखिए।
उत्तर :
यह सत्य है कि कार्य की सफलता हेतु उत्साह की आवश्यकता होती है। उत्साह ही काम करने के लिए व्यक्ति को प्रेरित करता है तथा मार्ग में आने वाली बाधाओं से लड़ने की प्रेरणा देता है। उत्साह के अभाव में काम नीरस प्रतीत होता है तथा काम की सफलता संदिग्ध होती है। गवरइया भी फाहा मिलने के बाद उत्साह से भर उठी। वह धुनिए, कोरी तथा बुनकर के काम से उत्साहित हो उठी और दर्जी से अपनी टोपी बनवाने में कामयाब रही।

अनुमान और कल्पना

प्रश्न 1. टोपी पहनकर गवरइया राजा को दिखाने क्यों पहुँची जबकि उसकी बहस गवरा से हुई और वह गवरा के मुँह से अपनी बड़ाई सुन चुकी थी। लेकिन राजा से उसकी कोई बहस हुई ही नहीं थी। फिर भी वह राजा को चुनौती देने को पहुँची। कारण का अनुमान लगाइए।
उत्तर :
अपनी सुंदर सी टोपी पहन गवरइया ने गवरे को दिखाया। गवरे ने उसकी प्रशंसा की किंतु गवरइया टोपी दिखाने राजा के पास गई वह राजा को यह अहसास करवाना चाहती थी कि राजा ! तू प्रजा को बिना पारिश्रमिक दिए काम करवाता है। प्रजा को राजा के अलावा किसी का सहारा नहीं होता। यदि इन्हें उचित पारिश्रमिक न मिला तो ये लोग भूखों मर जाएँगे। गवरइया राजा की कार्यप्रणाली को भली प्रकार समझ चुकी थी। उसने धुनिए, कोरी एवं दर्जी को काम करते हुए यह सब प्रत्यक्ष देख लिया था कि वे राजा के काम को स्वेच्छा से नहीं बल्कि डर से कर रहे हैं, जबकि पारिश्रमिक पाने पर यही काम अच्छी तरह से करते हैं। इसके अलावा पारिश्रमिक देने पर काम जल्दी भी होता है। गवरइया राजा को यही सब एहसास करवाने एवं चुनौती देने गई थी।

प्रश्न 2. यदि राजा के राज्य के सभी कारीगर अपने-अपने श्रम का उचित मूल्य प्राप्त कर रहे होते तब गवरइया के साथ उन कारीगरों का व्यवहार कैसा होता?
उत्तर :
यदि राजा के राज्य के सभी कारीगर अपने-अपने श्रम का उचित मूल्य पाते तो वे राजा का काम पहले करते तथा उनका काम पूरा होने तक गवरइया के काम को हाथ न लगाते हाँ राजा का काम पूरा होने के बाद ही वे भले उसका काम करते अंन्यथा मना कर देते।

प्रश्न 3. चारों कारीगर राजा के लिए काम कर रहे थे। एक रजाई बना रहा था। दूसरा अचकन के लिए सूत कात रहा था। तीसरा बागी बुन रहा था। चौथा राजा की सातवीं रानी की दसवीं संतान के लिए झब्बे सिल रहा था। उन चारों ने राजा का काम रोककर गवरइया का काम क्यों किया?
उत्तर :
धुनिया, कोरी, बुनकर और दर्जी राजा का काम डर कर कर रहे थे, अपनी रुचि से नहीं। उन्हें राजा द्वारा कोई पारिश्रमिक भी नहीं दिया जा रहा था। गवरइया ने उन कारीगरों को उनकी कल्पना से भी अधिक मजदूरी दी, इसलिए उन्होंने राजा का काम रोककर गवरइया का काम पहले किया।

भाषा की बात

प्रश्न 1. गाँव की बोली में कई शब्दों का उच्चारण अलग होता है। उनकी वर्तनी भी बदल जाती है; जैसे – गवरइया, गौरैया का ग्रामीण उच्चारण है। उच्चारण के अनुसार इस शब्द की वर्तनी लिखी गई है। पूँदना, फुलगेंदा का बदला हुआ रूप है। कहानी में अनेक शब्द हैं जो ग्रामीण उच्चारण में लिखे गए हैं, जैसेमुलुक-मुल्क, खमी-क्षमा, मजूरी-मजदूरी, मल्लार-मल्हार इत्यादि। आप क्षेत्रीय या गाँव की बोली में उपयोग होने वाले कुछ ऐसे शब्दों को खोजिए और उनका मूल रूप लिखिए, जैसे-टेम-टाइम, टेसन/स्टेशन।
उत्तर :
क्षेत्रीय या गाँव की बोली में उपयोग होने वाली कुछ शब्द तथा उनके मूल रू
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Hindi Vasant Chapter 18 टोपी 1
प्रश्न 2.
मुहावरों के प्रयोग से भाषा आकर्षक बनती है। मुहावरे वाक्य के अंग होकर प्रयुक्त होते हैं। इनका अक्षरश: अर्थ नहीं बल्कि लाक्षणिक अर्थ लिया जाता है। पाठ में अनेक मुहावरे आए हैं। टोपी को लेकर तीन मुहावरे हैं; जैसेकितनों को टोपी पहनानी पड़ती है। शेष मुहावरों को खोजिए और उनका अर्थ ज्ञात करने का प्रयास कीजिए।
उत्तर :
टोपी से संबंधित मुहावरे एवं अर्थ ।

  • टोपी उछलना – बेइज्जती या बदनामी हो जाना।
  • टोपी के लिए टाट उलटना – इज्जत बचाने हेतु दल-बदल लेना।
  • टोपी सलामत रखना – इज्जत बचाए रखना।
  • टोपी पहनाना – खुशामद करना या चापलूसी करना।

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Hindi Vasant Chapter 18 टोपी help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Hindi Vasant Chapter 18 टोपी, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

Class 8 Civics Chapter 1 Extra Questions and Answers The Indian Constitution

Class 8 Civics Chapter 1 Extra Questions and Answers The Indian Constitution

Check the below Online Education NCERT MCQ Questions for Class 8 Civics Chapter 1 Extra Questions and Answers The Indian Constitution with Answers Pdf free download. https://ncertmcq.com/extra-questions-for-class-8-social-science/

Online Education for The Indian Constitution Class 8 Extra Questions Civics Chapter 1

(1) The caste system is an example of …………………. .
Answer:
inequality

Class 8 Civics Chapter 1 Extra Questions And Answers

(2) The sheep in the region of Ladakh are very important because they produce …………………. .
Answer:
pashmina wool

Class 8 Civics Chapter 1 Worksheet With Answers

(3) Local versions of the Tibetan national epic is …………………. .
Answer:
Kesar saga

The Indian Constitution Class 8 Extra Questions And Answers

(4) wrote in his travelogue that Muslims were a highly respected community …………………. .
Answer:
Ibn Battuta

Class 8 Civics Chapter 1 Short Questions

(5) Our national anthem was composed by …………………. .
Answer:
Rabindranath Tagore.

Class 8 Civics Chapter 1 Extra Questions and Answers The Indian Constitution

The Indian Constitution Class 8 Worksheets With Answers Question 1.
Why was the newspaper boy disappointed?
Answer:
Newspaper boy was disappointed and the cyclist boy asked for a Hindi newspaper, while he thought the boy will read the English newspaper.

Ncert Solutions For Class 8 Civics Chapter 1 Extra Questions Question 2.
What did the newspaper boy do the next day?
Answer:
Next day the newspaper boy brought a Hindi newspaper.

Class 8 Civics Chapter 1 Short Questions And Answers Question 3.
What are communal riots?
Answer:
When arson, looting, fire and killing break out between two communities due to different reasons it is called communal riots.

Class 8 Civics Chapter 1 Very Short Questions And Answers Question 4.
Samir Do belonged to which community?
Answer:
Samir Do was a Muslim boy.

Class 8 Civics Chapter 1 Extra Questions Very Short Question 5.
What is inequality? Give one example of inequality.
Answer:
Inequality comes about when a person does not have the resources and opportunities that are available to other persons.
Samir Do did not have the opportunity to go to school, because his parents are poor and do not have enough to eat and wear.

Class 8 Civics Chapter 1 Extra Questions and Answers The Indian Constitution

Class 8 Civics Chapter 1 Extra Questions And Answers Pdf Question 6.
What is caste system? Write about it.
Answer:
Caste system is an example of inequality. According to this, the society was divided into different groups depending upon the work that people did and they were supposed to regain in those groups. So if the father was a potter, the son couch only becomes a potter. This system considered irreversible.

Ncert Class 8 Civics Chapter 1 Extra Questions Question 7.
How did the caste system create inequality?
Answer:
In the caste system, a person could not change his profession, it was not considered necessary for him to know anything more than what was needed in the profession. This created a situation of inequality.

Civics Class 8 Chapter 1 Extra Questions Question 8.
What does diversity add to our lives?
Answer:
Diversity adds variety in our lives. We learn to do things differently and come to know more about different people. People eat different food, wear different clothes and speak different languages, people narrate different experiences.

Indian Constitution Class 8 Extra Questions Question 9.
How can we explain diversity?
Answer:
Diversity can be explained in many ways, e.g.,

  • Two hundred years before people travelled from one part of the world to another, in ships, on horses or camels or on foot. But after the advent of aeroplanes and trains, buses and cars people want to travel by them as journey is comfortable and takes less time.
  • Often people went in search of new lands or for trade. Because it took long to reach the destination, people stayed there for a long time. Sometimes people left their homes because of natural calamities, some went in search of work.
  • People come from villages to cities to find work, In cities, it is often easy to forget how their lives revolved around the surroundings. In villages they grow their own vegetables and grain. In the cities, they depend on the market to buy things.
  • Sometimes when people make their homes in new places, they begin to change. Their languages, food, music and religion become a mix of old and new.
  • Similarly, people have to adapt themselves to geographical surroundings, e.g. „ living near the sea is very different living in a mountainous region.

Class 8 Civics Chapter 1 Short Answers Question 10.
Write about the life of the people in Ladakh, pointing out historical and geographical factors have influenced the lives of the people.
Answer:
Ladakh is a mountainous country in the eastern part of Jammu and Kashmir. This region does not receive any rain and is covered with snow for large part of the year. Agriculture is not possible under such conditions. There are very few trees that grow here. People get water when snow melts during the summer reason.

People eat meat and milk and its products. People domesticate sheep, which give special wool called the pashmina wool. Ladakh lies on the trade route and has many passes. Caravans travelled to Tibet from here. They carried textiles and spices, raw silk and carpets Buddhism reached Tibet through Ladakh. Islam was introduced by the Arab travellers.

Class 8 Civics Chapter 1 Extra Questions and Answers The Indian Constitution

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How did people travel around two hundred years ago?
(a) In ships and on horses and elephants
(b) On camels and foot
(c) By train or bus
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Answer:
(d) Both (a) and (b).

2. How did people of Ladakh get drinking water?
(a) Tubewells
(b) Ponds
(c) Melting snow during the summer months
(d) Lakes
Answer:
(c) Melting snow during the summer months.

3. Which of the following did caravans carry through Ladakh trade route?
(a) Textiles
(b) Spices
(c) Raw’ silk and carpets
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(d) All of these.

4. Which of the following is called Little Tibet?
(a) Katra
(b) Ladakh
(c) Srinagar
(d) Kargil
Answer:
(b) Ladakh.

5. Which of the following statement is correct?
(a) The caste system is an example of equality
(b) Our national anthem was composed by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
(c) The sheep in the region of Ladakh are very important because they produce Pashmina wool
(d) Local version of the Tibetan national epic is Ibn Battuta
Answer:
(c) The sheep in the region of Ladakh are very important because they produce Pashmina wool.

Class 8 Civics Chapter 1 Extra Questions and Answers The Indian Constitution

6. Which of the following spices are grown on the Kerala hills?
(a) Pepper
(b) Cloves
(c) Cardamoms
(d) All ot these
Answer:
(d) All ot these.

7. Who is credited with bringing Christianity to India?
(a) St. Thomas
(b) St. Stephens
(c) St. Francis
(d) Joseph Marry.
Answer:
(a) St. Thomas

8. Who discovered the sea route to India from Europe?
(a) The Chinese travellers I-Qing
(b) The Portuguese navigator Vasco-da Gama
(c) The Arab invader Babur
(d) St. Thomas
Answer:
(b) The Portuguese navigator Vasco-da Gama.

Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science

Online Education NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Civics Chapter 9 Public Facilities

Online Education NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Civics Chapter 9 Public Facilities

These Solutions are part of Online Education NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science. Here we have given. NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Civics Chapter 9 Public Facilities

Question 1.
Why do you think there are so few cases of private water supply in the world?
Answer:
Water is an essential public facility that, needs to be provided for everyone without considering the aspect of profit or loss. But, the private companies operate mainly for-profit motives. They hardly care whether the product is within the reach of every person or not. Therefore, there are few cases of private water supply in the world. Since water is an essential facility, it becomes important for the government to ensure that this public facility is made available to everyone.

Question 2.
Do you think the water in Chennai is available and affordable by all? Discuss.
Answer:
Water in Chennai is not available and affordable by all.

  • Water supply is marked by shortages especially. The municipality is able to meet only about half of the total need.
  • Some areas have a regular supply, some close to storage points gets more water than others.
  • The burden of shortfall falls mainly on the poor. The middle class is able to cope through private means like water tankers or bottled water. The wealthy have more choices.
  • Even in the case of access to ‘safe’ water—the wealthy and middle class has options, like mineral water, and the poor again left out.

Question 3.
How is the sale of water by the farmer to water dealers in Chennai affecting the local people? Do you think local people can object to such exploitation of groundwater? Can the government do anything in this regard?
Answer:
Due to the sale of water by farmers to water dealers, the groundwater levels have dropped drastically in all these towns and villages. Local people are facing severe shortages of water. Local people can object to such exploitation of groundwater. Being, a natural resource, under-ground water should not be overused. The government can penalize the farmers as well as water dealers.

Question 4.
Why are most of the private hospitals and private schools located in major cities and not in towns or rural areas?
Answer:
Private hospitals and private schools are located only in major cities as the services they offer are very costly and only the affluent city dweller will be able to afford it.

Question 5.
Do you think the distribution of public facilities in our country is adequate and fair? Give an example of your own to explain.
Answer:
The distribution of public facilities in our country is not adequate and fair. For example, in Delhi, all public facilities like water, healthcare, and sanitation, electricity, public transport, schools, and colleges are available. But if we go few kilometers away, for example, Mathura or Aligarh the public facilities are not adequate. Electricity cut-offs, water shortages are normal routines of life. Public transport is also not properly developed.

Question 6.
Take some of the public facilities in your area, such as water, electricity, etc. Is there scope to improve these? What is your opinion should be done? Complete the table.

Is it available? How can it be improved?
Water
Electricity
Roads
Public Transport

Answer:

Is it available? How can it be improved?
Water No, only one hour supply

By extending the hours of supply.
quality of water should be checked regularly.

Electricity No, 8 hours daily cut

strict action should be taken to prevent wastage of electricity such as
-street lights are on in the daytime.
– Public appeal to prevent wastage.

Roads Yes

By making the roads with proper and good quality material.
By regular repair and maintenance.
By making footpath on both sides of the road to prevent breakage on the side.

Public Transport No, fewer buses

By running more buses on busy routes.
By deputing trained drivers.
By arranging the service at the proper intervals.

Question 7.
Are the above public facilities shared equally by all the people in your area? Elaborate.
Answer:
Yes, the above public facilities are shared equally by all the people in our area.

Question 8.
Data on some of the public facilities are collected as part of the Census. Discuss with your teacher when and how the Census is conducted.
Answer:
Conduction of Census

  • House listing one year before the actual Census.
  • Census every 10 years.
  • Target date: 1 March.
  • Enumerators visiting each and every household.
  • Collects information in a prescribed form.
  • Compile them and handover them same to the cluster in-charge.
  • He compiles them and sends them to the District office.
  • After the collection Census Deptt. publishes the data.

Question 9.
Private educational institutions—schools, colleges, universities, technical and vocational training institutes are coming up in our country in a big way. On the other hand, educational institutes run by the government are becoming relatively less important. What do you think would be the impact of this? Discuss.
Answer:
Private educational institutions are coming up in a big way while educational institutes run by the government are becoming relatively less important. The impact of this Would be as follows:

  1. Government institutions will gradually lose importance.
  2. The poor people will not be able to get higher education since they cannot afford high fees in private institutions.
  3. It will be unjust for the economically poor and weaker sections of our society.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Civics Chapter 9 Public Facilities, help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Civics Chapter 9 Public Facilities, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

Online Education NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 12 Exponents and Powers Ex 12.1

In Online Education NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 12 Exponents and Powers Ex 12.1 are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 12 Exponents and Powers Ex 12.1.

Board CBSE
Textbook NCERT
Class Class 8
Subject Maths
Chapter Chapter 12
Chapter Name Exponents and Powers
Exercise Ex 12.1
Number of Questions Solved 7
Category NCERT Solutions

Online Education NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 12 Exponents and Powers Ex 12.1

Question 1.
Evaluate :
(i) \({ 3 }^{ -2 }\)
(ii) \({ -4 }^{ -2 }\)
(iii) \(({ \frac { 1 }{ 2 } ) }^{ -5 }\)
Solution.
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 12 Exponents and Powers Ex 12.1 1
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 12 Exponents and Powers Ex 12.1 2

Question 2.
Simplify and express the result in power notation with positive exponent.
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 12 Exponents and Powers Ex 12.1 3
Solution.
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 12 Exponents and Powers Ex 12.1 4
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 12 Exponents and Powers Ex 12.1 5
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 12 Exponents and Powers Ex 12.1 6

Question 3.
Fmd the value of:
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 12 Exponents and Powers Ex 12.1 7
Solution.
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 12 Exponents and Powers Ex 12.1 8
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 12 Exponents and Powers Ex 12.1 9
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 12 Exponents and Powers Ex 12.1 10
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 12 Exponents and Powers Ex 12.1 11

Question 4.
Evaluate
(i) \(\frac { { 8 }^{ -1 }\times { 5 }^{ 3 } }{ { 2 }^{ -4 } } \)
(ii) \(({ 5 }^{ -1 }\times { 2 }^{ -1 })\times { 6 }^{ -1 }\)
Solution.
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 12 Exponents and Powers Ex 12.1 12

Question 5.
Find the value of m for which \({ 5 }^{ m }+{ 5 }^{ -3 }={ 5 }^{ 5 }\)
Solution.
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 12 Exponents and Powers Ex 12.1 13
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 12 Exponents and Powers Ex 12.1 14

Question 6.
Evaluate :
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 12 Exponents and Powers Ex 12.1 15
Solution.
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 12 Exponents and Powers Ex 12.1 16
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 12 Exponents and Powers Ex 12.1 17
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 12 Exponents and Powers Ex 12.1 18

Question 7.
Simplify:
(i) \(\frac { 25\times { t }^{ -4 } }{ { 5 }^{ -3 }\times 10\times { t }^{ -8 } } \) (t ≠ 0)
(ii) \(\frac { { 3 }^{ -5 }\times { 10 }^{ -5 }\times 125 }{ { 5 }^{ -7 }\times { 6 }^{ -5 } } \)
Solution.
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 12 Exponents and Powers Ex 12.1 19
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 12 Exponents and Powers Ex 12.1 20
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 12 Exponents and Powers Ex 12.1 21
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 12 Exponents and Powers Ex 12.1 22

 

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 12 Exponents and Powers Ex 12.1 help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 12 Exponents and Powers Ex 12.1, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

Microorganisms: Friend and Foe Class 8 Extra Questions and Answers Science Chapter 2

Microorganisms: Friend and Foe Class 8 Extra Questions and Answers Science Chapter 2

Check the below Online Education NCERT MCQ Questions for Microorganisms: Friend and Foe Class 8 Extra Questions and Answers Science Chapter 2 Pdf free download. https://ncertmcq.com/extra-questions-for-class-8-science/

Online Education for Class 8 Science Chapter 2 Extra Questions and Answers Microorganisms: Friend and Foe

Class 8 Science Chapter 2 Extra Questions Question 1.
Write the agent that is responsible for the spread of following diseases :
Polio = …………………….
Tuberculosis = …………………….
Answer:
Polio = Viruses
Tuberculosis = Bacteria.

Class 8 Science Chapter 2 Extra Questions And Answers Question 2.
Write the name of bacteria which converts milk into curd.
Answer:
Lactobacillus.

Class 8 Science Ch 2 Extra Questions Question 3.
Name two diseases caused by protozoans.
Answer:
Diseases like dysentery and malaria are caused by protozoans.

Ncert Class 8 Science Chapter 2 Extra Questions Question 4.
Name two diseases caused by bacteria.
Answer:
Typhoid and tuberculosis (T.B.).

Microorganisms: Friend and Foe Class 8 Extra Questions and Answers Science Chapter 2

Ncert Solutions For Class 8 Science Chapter 2 Extra Questions Question 5.
Where are microbes found?
Answer:

  • They are present everywhere because they can survive under all types of environments.
  • They are also found inside human body.

Ch 2 Science Class 8 Extra Questions Question 6.
What are the commercial uses of yeast?
Answer:
Yeast is used for commercial production of alcohol and wine.

Extra Questions For Class 8 Science Chapter 2 Question 7.
Name the process of conversion of sugar into alcohol.
Answer:
Fermentation.

Chapter 2 Science Class 8 Extra Questions Question 8.
Who discovered the process of fermentation ?
Answer:
Louis Pasteur in 1857.

Class 8 Chapter 2 Extra Questions Question 9.
Who discovered Penicillin?
Answer:
Alexander Fleming discovered the antibiotic called Penicillin in 1929.

Microorganisms: Friend and Foe Class 8 Extra Questions and Answers Science Chapter 2

Microorganisms Class 8 Extra Questions Question 10.
Name some of the diseases that can be prevented by vaccination.
Answer:
Cholera, tuberculosis, smallpox, hepatitis, etc.

Class 8 Chapter 2 Science Extra Questions Question 11.
Who discovered the vaccine for smallpox?
Answer:
Edward Jenner discovered the vaccine for smallpox in 1798.

Science Class 8 Chapter 2 Extra Questions Question 12.
Can you name some diseases for which you have been given injections in your childhood to protect you from them?
Answer:
They are diphtheria, tuberculosis, chickenpox, cholera, etc.

Class 8th Science Chapter 2 Extra Questions Question 13.
What is the most prominent role of microorganisms in pollution control?
Answer:
They degrade the harmful substances and thereby play prominent role in pollution control.

Science Chapter 2 Class 8 Extra Questions Question 14.
Define microorganisms with two examples.
Answer:
A microorganism is a living thing that is too small that it can’t be seen with the naked eye. Microorganisms can be found in air, water and in the bodies of plants and animals. They may be unicellular or multi cellular.
For Example :
Bacteria : Lactobacillus
Protozoa : Amoeba, Paramecium.

Microorganisms: Friend and Foe Class 8 Extra Questions and Answers Science Chapter 2

Class 8 Science Chapter 2 Extra Question Answer Question 15.
How do microorganisms help to improve the fertility of soil?
Answer:
Rhizobium bacteria present in the nodules of the roots of leguminous plants helps in the replenishment of the soil with nitrogen. Rhizobium bacteria takes nitrogen from the atmosphere and fix it directly into nitrogenous compounds and increase the fertility of the soil.

Questions On Microorganisms Class 8 Question 16.
Seema took 50 gm of flour (atta) and added some sugar and mixed it with warm water„ and also added small amount of yeast powder into it :
(i) Write the observation noted by her after two hours.
(ii) What is the function of yeast in this activity?
Answer:
(i) After two hours the flour (atta) is found to be raised a little bit.
(ii) Yeast reproduces rapidly and produces carbon dioxide during respiration. Bubbles of the carbon dioxide gas fill the flour mix and increase its volume. This is the basis of the use of yeast in the baking industry for making breads, pastries and cakes.

Class 8 Microorganisms Friend And Foe Extra Questions Question 17.
What is pseudopodia? Write down two examples.
Answer:
Pseudopodia: A pseudopodium is a temporary arm-like projection of the cell of a microorganism.
Examples :

  • Pseudopodia are used for motility.
  • Pseudopodia are used for ingestion.

Microorganisms Friend And Foe Class 8 Extra Questions Answers Question 18.
(a) What are antibiotics?
(b) Name any two antibiotics?
(c) How are antibiotics manufactured?
Answer:
(a) Antibiotics are the medicines which kill or stop the growth of the disease-causing microorganisms. The source of these medicines is micro-organisms.

(b) Streptomycin, Tetracycline.

(c) The antibiotics are manufactured by growing specific microorganisms which checks the growth of some other bacteria or microorganisms. Antibiotics are used to cure a variety of diseases. They are also used to control many plant diseases.

Microorganisms: Friend and Foe Class 8 Extra Questions and Answers Science Chapter 2

Extra Questions Of Chapter 2 Science Class 8 Question 19.
How are bacteria beneficial to us? Explain by giving any three examples.
Answer:
Bacteria are very useful to human beings though some other bacteria are harmful too.
Following are some examples that are very useful to us :

  1. Rhizobium: Rhizobium bacteria and blue-green algae present in the soil fix nitrogen from the atmosphere and convert into nitrogenous compounds.
  2. Lactobacillus: Lactobacillus bacteria is useful in making curd from milk.
  3. Decomposers: Bacteria play an important role in cleaning the environment by decomposing the dead organic matter.

Class 8 Science Chapter 2 Important Questions Question 20.
How can nitrogen be replenished in soil? Explain with an example.
Answer:
Nitrogen in the soil can be replenished by two different ways :
Rhizobium bacteria present in the nodules of the roots of leguminous plants helps in the replenishment of the soil with nitrogen. Rhizobium bacteria takes nitrogen from the atmosphere and fix it directly into nitrogenous compounds. These crops are like beans and peas which with which it has a symbiotic relationship Rhizobium.
Nitrogen sometimes gets fixed through the action of lightning in the clouds. High temperature generated in the lightning fixes the nitrogen to nitrogenous compounds.

Question 21.
What is nitrogen cycle? Describe with the help of a diagram how nitrogen- cycle works.
Answer:
The process of consumption of nitrogen by living beings (animals and plants), taking it from the atmosphere and returning back to the atmosphere by various processes, is called nitrogen cycle.
Nitrogen-cycle :

  • Nitrogen is one of the essential constituents of all living organisms as part of proteins, chlorophyll, nucleic acids and vitamins.
  • The atmospheric nitrogen cannot be taken directly by plants and animals.
  • The nitrogen-fixing bacteria and algae present in the soil fix nitrogen from the atmosphere and convert into nitrite and nitrate forms.
  • Once nitrogen is converted into these usable forms, it can be utilized by plants through their roots. This is called the process of ‘fixing5 of nitrogen. Fig. Nitrogen cycle
  • Nitrogen is then used for the synthesis of amino acids, proteins, etc. in plants. Animals feeding on the plants thus get these nitrogen-containing compounds.
  • When plants and animals die, bacteria and fungi present in the soil convert the various compounds of nitrogen back to nitrates and nitrites. Certain specialized bacteria convert nitrates and nitrites into nitrogen gas which goes back into the atmosphere. As a result, the percentage of nitrogen in the atmosphere remains more or less constant. This is how nitrogen cycle works.

Microorganisms: Friend and Foe Class 8 Extra Questions and Answers Science Chapter 2

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. Rhizobium bacteria present in root nodules of leguminous crops help in
(a) crop-rotation
(b) transplantation
(c) transpiration
(d) nitrogen fixation.
Answer:
(d) nitrogen fixation.

2. The following is a communicable disease :
(a) Tetanus
(b) Common cold
(c) Rabies
Answer:
(b) Common cold.

Extra Questions for Class 8 Science