Category: CBSE Class 8

Here we are providing Online Education for Reaching the Age of Adolescence Class 8 Extra Questions and Answers Science Chapter 10 was designed by subject expert teachers. https://ncertmcq.com/extra-questions-for-class-8-science/

Online Education for Class 8 Science Chapter 10 Extra Questions and Answers Reaching the Age of Adolescence

Reaching The Age Of Adolescence Class 8 Questions Answers Question 1.
When do human beings and many other kinds of animals become capable of reproduction?
Answer:
They become capable when they get reproductive maturity.

Reaching The Age Of Adolescence Questions And Answers Question 2.
What brings about changes that make a child grow into an adult?
Answer:
Hormones bring about these changes.

Reaching The Age Of Adolescence Question Answer Question 3.
What period covers the “teens”?
Answer:
The years 13 to 18 or 19 covers the ‘teens’.

Reaching The Age Of Adolescence Question And Answer Question 4.
What is the other name of adolescents?
Answer:
It is ‘teenagers’.

Reaching The Age Of Adolescence Class 8 Questions And Answers Question 5.
What is the conspicuous change during the puberty?
Answer:
The most conspicuous change during puberty is the sudden increase in height.

Reaching The Age Of Adolescence Class 8 Pdf Questions And Answers Question 6.
Up to what age girls grow in height faster than the boys?
Answer:
Girls grow in height faster than boys up to 18 years of age.

Question Answer Of Reaching The Age Of Adolescence Question 7.
Do all parts of the body grow at the same rate?
Answer:
No, all parts of the body do not grow at the same rate.

Question And Answer Of Reaching The Age Of Adolescence Question 8.
What factor does height depend on?
Answer:
Height depends upon the genes inherited from parents.

Reaching The Age Of Adolescence Class 8 Solutions Question 9.
What happens to the quality of voice on puberty?
Answer:
Girl’s voice becomes high-pitched and that of boys becomes deep or hoarse.

Reaching The Age Of Adolescence Class 8 Question 10.
Where do endocrine glands release hormones?
Answer:
Endocrine glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream.

Extra Questions For Class 8 Science With Answers Question 11.
Name the secretion of ovaries on reaching puberty.
Answer:
Ovaries begin to produce female hormones called estrogen.

Question Answers Of Reaching The Age Of Adolescence Question 12.
What makes ova in ovaries and sperms in testes mature?
Answer:
FSH or Follicle Stimulating Hormone makes ova mature in ovaries and sperms in testes.

Reaching The Age Of Adolescence Question Answers Question 13.
What marks the beginning of reproductive period when one becomes capable of reproduction ?.
Answer:
It is puberty.

Reaching The Age Of Adolescence Class 8 Notes Question 14.
When does menstrual cycle stop?
Answer:
At 45 to 50 years of age, the menstrual cycle stops.

Extra Questions Class 8 Science Question 15.
What do you understand by menopause?
Answer:
The stoppage of menstrual cycle is termed as menopause.

Class 8 Science Extra Questions Question 16.
How many chromosomes do all humans have?
Answer:
All humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes.

Extra Questions Of Science Class 8 Question 17.
What determines the sex of unborn baby?
Answer:
Sex chromosomes of father determine the sex of unborn baby.

Question 18.
What are sex chromosomes? How many are they?
Answer:
Chromosomes carrying genes for different sexual characters are termed as sex chromosomes. There are two sex chromosomes out of 23 pairs of chromosomes.

Question 19.
What is the hormone produced by pancreas? What is the disease caused due to the non-production of that hormone?
Answer:
Pancreas secretes insulin hormone. Insulin hormone regulates the levels of sugar in the blood. Its deficiency in the blood causes diabetes. In diabetic patients, it is not secreted in required amount, therefore, blood sugar level rises and causes various harmful effects.

Question 20.
How do you calculate the probable full height of a adolescent? Give the formula for this purpose and state an example.
Answer:
The formula for calculation of full height (in cm) is given as follows :
\(\frac{\text { Present height }(\text { in } \mathrm{cm})}{\text { Percentage of full height at this age }} \times 100 \)

Example: A girl is 10 years old and her height is 130 cm. At the end of the growth period, she is likely to be of what height?
Solution:
\(\frac{130 \mathrm{~cm}}{78} \times 100 \mathrm{~cm}\) ≈ 166 cm.

Question 21.
By seeing the data of activity 10.1, can you read the graph and say at what age girls grow in height faster than the boys?
Answer:
Initially girls grow faster than boys but by about 18 years of age, both reach their maximum height. The rate of growth in height is different in different individuals. Some grow suddenly at puberty and then slow down, while others grow gradually.

Question 22.
What is the proportion of growth of the body parts in adolescence?
Answer:
All the parts of the body do not grow at the same rate. Sometimes the arms and legs of adolescents, look oversized and out of proportion with the body. But, soon the other parts catch up and result into a proportionate body.

Question 23.
How does body get adequate nourishment for growth?
Answer:
It is very important to eat the right kind of food, especially during the growing years. This helps the bones, muscles and other parts of the body get adequate nourishment for growth.

Question 24.
What happens to the sex organs of boys and girls at puberty?
Answer:
At puberty, male sex organs like the testes and penis develop completely. The testes also begin to produce sperms. In girls, the ovaries enlarge and eggs begin to mature. Also, ovaries start releasing mature eggs.

Question 25.
What are psychological changes in adolescence?
Answer:
Adolescence is also a period of change in a person’s way of thinking.

• Adolescents are more independent than before and are also self-conscious.
• Intellectual development takes place and they tend to spend considerable time in thinking.
• It is often the time in one’s life when the brain has the greatest capacity for learning.
• Sometimes, however, an adolescent may feel insecure while trying to adjust to the changes in the body and mind.

Question 26.
Describe menstrual cycle.
Answer:
Menstrual cycle is controlled by hormones. The cycle includes the maturation of the egg, its release, thickening of uterine wall and its breakdown if fertilization does not occur. In case the egg is fertilized, it begins to divide and then gets embedded in the uterus for further development.

Question 27.
What do you understand by the term ‘chromosomes’? Diseuss.
Answer:
These are the thread-like structures found in the nucleus of a cell. It contains genes. All human beings have 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nuclei of their cells. Two chromosomes out of these are sex chromosomes.

Question 28.
What should one do to keep the body healthy?
Answer:
To keep the body healthy, one needs to:

• have a balanced diet,
• observe personal hygiene and cleanliness regularly, and
• undertake adequate physical exercises.

During adolescence, however, these become even more essential.

Question 29.
What are the required hygienic activities for boys and girls when they become adolescents?
Answer:
Everyday bath is more necessary for teenagers because the increased activities of sweat glands sometimes make the body smelly. If cleanliness is not maintained, there are chances of catching bacterial infection. Girls should keep track of their menstrual cycle and be prepared for the onset of menstruation. Undergarments should be changed every day. Cotton undergarments should be preferred.

Question 30.
How do HIV viruses enter the human bodies?
Answer:
HIV pass on to a normal person from an infected person by :

• sharing the syringes used for injecting drugs.
• from the infected mother to an infant through milk.
• through sexual contact with a person infected with HIV.

Question 31.
What are myths and taboos regarding bodily changes in case of adolescents?
Answer:
There are many myths and taboos regarding bodily changes that adolescents experience. Some of these are given below :

• A girl becomes pregnant if she looks at boys during menstruation.
• The mother is responsible for the sex of the child.
• A girl should not be allowed to work in the kitchen during menstruation.

These should be discarded outrightly.

Question 32.
What are the drawbacks of early marriage and motherhood?
Answer:
The followings are the drawbacks of early marriage and motherhood :

• Teenage girls are not prepared mentally or physically for motherhood.
• Early marriage and motherhood cause health problems in the mother and the child.
• It also curtails employment opportunities for a young woman and causes mental agony as she is not ready for the responsibilities of motherhood.

Question 33.
Describe the reproductive phase of life in females.
Answer:
Reproductive phase of life in females :

• In females, the reproductive phase of life begins at puberty (10 to 12 years of age) and generally lasts till the age of approximately 45 to 50 years.
• The ova begins to mature with the onset of puberty. One ovum matures and is released by the ovaries once in about 28 to 30 days.
• During this period, the wall of the uterus becomes thick. This is a natural preparation to receive the egg in case it is fertilized and pregnancy occurs.
• If fertilization does not occur, the released egg and the thickened lining of the uterus along with its blood vessels are shed off. This causes bleeding in women which is known as menstruation.

Menstruation occurs once in about 28 to 30 days. Initially, menstrual cycle may be irregular and takes some time to become regular. In case the egg is fertilized, it begins to divide and then gets embedded in the uterus for further development.

Question 34.
What are the changes appears in boys and girls on reaching the adolescence?
Answer:
Changes in boys :

• Muscles of the body grow more prominently.
• Facial hair (beard and moustache) appears.
• Voice becomes hoarse, as voice box enlarges.
• Under shoulder hair and pubic hair appears.

Changes in girls :

• Region below the waist becomes wider.
• Voice pitch increases.
• Breast appears.
• Menstrual cycle begins.
• Under shoulder hair and pubic hair appears.

Question 35.
Name the various secretions (release) of endocrine glands.
Answer:
Endocrine glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream.

Endocrine glands	Hormones secreted
(1) Testes	Testosterone
(2) Ovary	Estrogen
(3) Adrenal	Adrenalin
(4) Thyroid gland	Thyroxin
(5) Pituitary glands	Follicle Stimulation Hormone (FSH), Growth hormone
(6) Pancreas	Insulin.

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. What percentage of height does a boy attain at 13 years?
(a) 95%
(b) 88%
(c) 84%
(d) 91%.
Answer:
(b) 88%.

2. At what age does a girl attain 95% height?
(a) 12 years
(b) 15 years
(c) 13 years
(d) 17 years
Answer:
(c) 13 years.

3. At 13 years, a girl is 145 cm tall and a boy is 135 cm tall. Which of the following is likely to happen at 18 years?
(a) The boy will be taller than the girl.
(b) The girl will be taller than the boy.
(c) Both will attain the same height.
(d) The height will depend on the financial status.
Answer:
(a) The boy will be taller than the girl.

Extra Questions for Class 8 Science

Check the below Online Education NCERT MCQ Questions for Class 8 Geography Chapter 4 Extra Questions and Answers Agriculture Pdf free download. https://ncertmcq.com/extra-questions-for-class-8-social-science/

Online Education for Agriculture Class 8 Extra Questions Geography Chapter 4

Class 8 Geography Chapter 4 Extra Questions And Answers Question 1.
What is arable land?
Answer:
The land on which the crops are grown is called arable land.

Agriculture Class 8 Extra Questions Question 2.
Mention the important inputs of agriculture.
Answer:
Seeds, fertilizers, machinery and labour.

Ncert Class 8 Geography Chapter 4 Extra Questions Question 3.
Name the operations involved in agriculture.
Answer:
Ploughing, sowing, irrigation, weeding and harvesting.

Class 8 Geography Chapter 4 Agriculture Extra Questions Question 4.
Mention the outputs of agriculture.
Answer:
Crops, wool, dairy and poultry products.

Class 8 Geography Chapter 4 Extra Questions Question 5.
On what basis can agriculture be classified.
Answer:

• Geographical conditions,
• demand of produce,
• labour,
• level of technology.

Ncert Solutions For Class 8 Geography Chapter 4 Extra Questions Question 6.
Name two major types of farming.
Answer:

1. Subsistence farming
2. Commercial farming.

Class 8 Agriculture Extra Questions Question 7.
What is subsistence farming?
Answer:
Subsistence farming is practised to meet the needs of the farmer’s family.

Agriculture Class 8 Questions And Answers Question 8.
Into which two types can subsistence farming be classified?
Answer:

1. Intensive subsistence,
2. Primitive subsistence farming.

Extra Questions For Class 8 Geography Chapter 4 Question 9.
Name the crops cultivated in intensive subsistence agriculture.
Answer:
Wheat, maize, pulses and oilseeds.

Geography Class 8 Chapter 4 Extra Questions Question 10.
Into which two types can primitive subsistence agriculture be divided?
Answer:

1. Shifting cultivation,
2. nomadic herding.

Chapter 4 Geography Class 8 Extra Questions Question 11.
In which parts of the world is shifting cultivation practised?
Answer:

• Amazon basin,
• Tropical Africa,
• Parts of South-East Asia,
• North-East India.

Class 8 Geography Ch 4 Extra Questions Question 12.
Which types of farming are included in commercial farming?
Answer:

• Commercial grain farming,
• Mixed farming,
• Plantation agriculture.

Extra Questions Of Agriculture Class 8 Question 13.
In the temperate grasslands of North America, why can only a single crop be grown?
Answer:
In the temperate grasslands of North America, only a single crop can be grown because severe winters- restrict the growing season.

Agriculture Class 8 Extra Questions And Answers Question 14.
Name two major plantations found in the tropical regions of the world.
Answer:

1. Rubber plantation in Malaysia
2. Coffee plantation in Brazil
3. Tea plantation in India and Sri Lanka.

Extra Questions On Agriculture Class 8 Question 15.
Name two important food crops, fibre crops and beverage crops.
Answer:

1. Food crops – wheat,
2. rice Fibre crops – jute,
3. cotton Beverage crops – tea, coffee.

Class 8 Geography Agriculture Extra Questions Question 16.
Name four leading producers of rice.
Answer:
China, India, Japan, Sri Lanka.

Agriculture Extra Questions Class 8 Question 17.
Name two places where two to three crops of rice are grown in a year.
Answer:

1. West Bengal,
2. Bangladesh.

Agriculture Class 8 Geography Extra Questions Question 18.
During which season is wheat grown in India?
Answer:
Winters.

Extra Questions Of Chapter 4 Geography Class 8 Question 19.
Name the leading producers of maize.
Answer:
North America, Brazil, China, Russia, Canada, India and Mexico.

Class 8 Chapter 4 Geography Extra Questions Question 20.
In which countries is cotton grown as a major crop?
Answer:
China, USA, India, Pakistan, Brazil and Egypt.

Question 21.
Which countries produce best quality tea in the world?
Answer:
Kenya, India, China, Sri Lanka.

Question 22.
What are primary activities? Give examples.
Answer:
Primary activities include all those activities connected with extraction and production of natural resources. For example, agriculture, fishing, gathering etc.

Question 23.
What are secondary activities? Give examples.
Answer:
Secondary activities are concerned with the processing of natural resources. For example, manufacturing of steel, weaving of cloth etc.

Question 24.
What are tertiary activities? Give examples.
Answer:
Tertiary activities provide support to the primary and secondary sectors through services. For example, trade, banking, insurance etc.

Question 25.
In which parts of the world is nomadic herding practised?
Answer:
Nomadic herding is practised in the following regions –

• Semi-arid and arid regions of Sahara.
• Central Asia.
• Rajasthan and Jammu and Kashmir in India.

Question 26.
Write the main features of commercial farming?
Answer:
Main features of commercial farming are:

• Crops are grown and animals are reared for sale in the market.
• The area cultivated and the amount of capital used is large.
• Most of the work is done by machines.

Question 27.
What is mixed farming? In which parts of the world is it practised?
Answer:

• In the mixed farming, the land is used for growing food and fodder crops and rearing livestock.
• It is practised in Europe, Eastern USA, Argentina, Southeast Australia, New Zealand and South Africa.

Question 28.
Why do is development of a transport network essential for plantation farming?
Answer:
Development of a transport network is essential for plantation farming because the produce is processed on the farm itself or in nearby factories.

Question 29.
Mention the geographical requirements for the cultivation of rice.
Answer:

• It is mainly grown in tropical and sub-tropical regions.
• Rice needs high temperature, high humidity and rainfall.
• It grows well in alluvial clayey soil.

Question 30.
Write the geographical requirements for wheat cultivation.
Answer:

• Wheat requires moderate temperature and rainfall during growing season and bright sunshine at the time of harvest.
• It thrives best in well-drained loamy soil.

Question 31.
Mention the geographical conditions required for maize cultivation.
Answer:

• Maize requires moderate temperature.
• It also needs well-drained fertile soils.

Question 32.
Write the geographical conditions required for cotton.
Answer:

• Cotton requires high temperature, light rainfall, two hundred and ten frost-free days and bright sunshine.
• It grows best on black and alluvial soils.

Question 33.
Mention the geographical conditions required for coffee cultivation.
Answer:

• Coffee requires warm and wet climate and well-drained loamy soil.
• Hill slopes are more suitable for the growth of this crop.

Question 34.
What is agricultural development? Also, write its ultimate aim.
Answer:

• Agricultural development refers to the efforts made to increase farm production in order to meet the growing demand of increasing population.
• Its ultimate aim is to increase food security.

Question 35.
How can farm production be increased?
Or
How can the ultimate aim of agricultural development be increased?
Answer:
Farm production can be increased in the following ways –

• Increasing the cropped area.
• The number of crops grown.
• Improving irrigation facilities.
• Use of fertilizers and high yielding variety of seeds.

Question 36.
On the outline map of India show the following places. Coffee producing state.
Answer:
Coffee producing state

Question 37.
What is sericulture? Name the factors influencing agriculture?
Answer:
Commercial rearing of silkworms is called sericulture. Factors influencing agriculture are as follows :

• Favourable topography
• Soil
• Climate.

Question 38.
Write the main features of intensive subsistence agriculture.
Answer:

• The farmer cultivates a small plot of land using simple tools and more labour.
• Climate with large number of days with sunshine and fertile soil permit growing of more than one crop annually on the same field.
• Major crops grown are rice, wheat, maize, pulses etc.
• Intensive subsistence agriculture is practised in thickly populated areas of the monsoon regions of South, South-East and East Asia.

Question 39.
Write the main features of nomadic herding.
Answer:

• Herdsmen move from place to place with their animals in search of fodder and water.
• Herders have to move from one place to another due to climatic constraints and terrain.
• Sheep, camel, cattle, yak and goats are the most commonly reared.
• Animals provide milk, meat, wool, hides and other products to herders and their families.

Question 40.
Describe the regions where commercial grain farming is practised.
Answer:

• Commercial grain farming is practised in the temperate grasslands of North America, Europe and Asia.
• These regions are sparsely populated with large farms spreading over hundreds of hectares.
• Due to severe winters, only a single crop can be grown.

Question 41.
Write a short note on millets.
Answer:

• Millets are also known as coarse grains and can be grown on less fertile and sandy soils.
• It is a hardy crop that needs low rainfall and high to moderate temperature and adequate rainfall.
• Millets are grown in India, Nigeria, China and Niger.

Question 42.
Write the geographical condi¬tions required for the cultivation of tea.
Answer:

• Tea requires cool climate and well-distributed high rainfall throughout the year for the growth of its tender leaves.
• It needs well-drained loamy soils and gentle slopes.
• Large number of labour is required to pick the leaves.

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. ………………………….. is not a tertiary activity.
(a) Trade
(b) Manufacturing
(c) Transport
(d) Banking.
Answer:
(b) Manufacturing

2. Tick the odd pair in the following.
(a) Pisciculture – breeding of fish.
(b) Viticulture – cultivation of grapes.
(c) Horticulture – rearing livestock.
(d) Sericulture – rearing of silkworms.
Answer:
(c) Horticulture – rearing livestock.

3. Organic manure and natural pesticides are used instead of chemicals in this type of farming. What is it called?
(a) Subsistence farming
(b) Shifting cultivation
(c) Mixed farming
(d) Organic farming.
Answer:
(d) Organic farming.

4. Which of the following crops needs high temperature, high humidity, fertile soil and good rainfall?
(a) Rice
(b) Wheat
(b) Cotton
(d) Millets
Answer:
(a) Rice

5. Which of the following pairs is not correct?
(a) Tea – beverage
(b) Jute – Golden Fibre
(c) Wheat – corn
(d) Millets – coarse grains
Answer:
(c) Wheat – corn

Glossary:

→ Primary activities – They include activities connected with extraction and production of natural resources.

→ Secondary activities – These activities are concerned with the processing of natural resources.

→ Tertiary activities – These activities provide support to the primary and secondary sectors through services.

→ Sericulture – Commercial rearing of silkworms.

→ Viticulture – Cultivation of grapes.

→ Pisciculture – Breeding of fish in specially constructed tanks and ponds.

→ Horticulture – Growing vegetables, flowers and fruits for commercial use.

→ Agriculture – The science and art of cultivation on the soil, raising crops and rearing livestock.

→ Subsistence farming- This type of farming is practised to meet the needs of farmer’s family.

→ Nomadic herding – The herdsmen move from one place to another in search of fodder and water.

→ Commercial farming- The crops are grown and animals are reared for sale in the market.

→ Mixed farming – The land is used for growing food and fodder crops and rearing livestock.

→ Organic farming – The use of organic manure and natural pesticides instead of chemicals is known as organic farming.

→ Agricultural development – It refers to efforts made to increase farm production in order to meet the growing demand of increasing population.

Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science

Here we are providing Online Education for A Visit to Cambridge Extra Questions and Answers Class 8 English Honeydew, Extra Questions for Class 8 English was designed by subject expert teachers.

You can refer to NCERT Solutions for Class 8 English honeydew Chapter 7 A Visit to Cambridge to revise the Questions and Answers in the syllabus effectively and improve your chances of securing high marks in your board exams.

Online Education for A Visit to Cambridge Extra Questions and Answers Class 8 English Honeydew

A Visit to Cambridge Extra Questions and Answers Short Answer Type

A Visit To Cambridge Extra Questions Class 8 Question 1.
Who was Stephen Hawking?
Answer:
Stephen Hawking was one of the greatest scientists of our time. He suffered from a form of paralysis that confined him to a wheelchair, and allowed him to ‘speak’ only by punching buttons on a computer, which spoke for him in a machine-like voice.

A Visit To Cambridge Class 8 Extra Questions Answers Question 2.
Who is Firdaus Kanga?
Answer:
Firdaus Kanga is a writer and journalist who lives and works in Mumbai. Kanga was born with ‘brittle bones’ that tended to break easily when he was a child.

Visit To Cambridge Extra Questions Class 8 Question 3.
Who received the phone at Stephen Hawking’s house and what were the conversations?
Answer:
The author called to Stephen Hawking’s house. There was his assistant on the line and the author told him that he wants to meet Mr. Hawking. Even ten minutes would do “Half an hour”. Then he said “from three-thirty to four”.

A Visit To Cambridge Extra Question Answer Class 8 Question 4.
What was the thing that makes author feel stronger?
Answer:
The only thing that makes you stronger is somebody like you. It seems like achieving something huge. This makes him feel stronger.

Extra Questions Of A Visit To Cambridge Class 8 Question 5.
What did Mr. Hawking reply when he asked “lot of people seem to think that disabled people are chronically unhappy”?
Answer:
When he asked “A lot of people seem to think that disabled people are chronically unhappy”. About after three minutes later, he responded, that “I find it amusing when people patronize me”.

A Visit To Cambridge Class 8 Extra Questions  Question 6.
“A first glimpse of Hawking is shocking”. Why?
Answer:
A first glimpse of Hawking is shocking, because he was like a still photograph – as if all those pictures of him in magazines and newspapers have turned 3 – Dimensional.

A Visit To Cambridge Short Question Answer Class 8 Question 7.
Why was author watching his wrist?
Answer:
He shifted his chair or turned his wrist to watch the time. He wanted to make every one of thirty minutes count.

A Visit To Cambridge Question Answer Class 8 Question 8.
What did Hawking reply when author asked “Is there any advice you can give disabled people, something that might help make life better”?
Ans.
Hawking replied that they should concentrate on what they are good at and according to him things I like the disabled Olympics are a waste of time.

A Visit To Cambridge Extracts Class 8 Question 9.
The author asked Hawking that he had been an inspiration beyond clinched for me, what Hawking replied to it?
Answer:
Hawking said “no”, according to him if his body is like claustrophobic room & the walls are growing narrower day by day, if doesn’t do much good to know that there are people outside smiling with admiration to see him breathing still.

Extra Questions From A Visit To Cambridge Class 8 Question 10.
The author had got appointment only for half an hour then why did he stay there for some more time?
Answer:
He had got appointment only for half an hour but when he was going to back his way Stephen stopped him and said, “Have some tea and he can see his garden”. So he stayed there for some more time.

A Visit To Cambridge Extra Questions And Answers Class 8 Question 11.
Describe the environment of Stephen’s Garden.
Answer:
The garden was as big as a park, but Stephen Hawking covered every inch, rumbling along motorized wheelchair. The environment of garden was entirely different.

Extra Questions On A Visit To Cambridge Class 8 Question 12.
Why was there silence in the garden?
Answer:
They cannot talk very much in the garden, because the sun made them silent, the letters on his screen disappeared because of the sunlight. So there were silence in the garden.

A Visit To Cambridge Extract Based Questions Class 8 Question 13.
How did the author say good bye to Mr. Hawking?
Answer:
The author didn’t know what to do at the time of leaving him. He couldn’t kiss him or cry. So he touched * his shoulder and wheeled out in the summer evening.

Class 8 English A Visit To Cambridge Extra Questions Question 14.
Describe the emotions of the author at the end of the chapter.
Answer:
He was in the feeling of embodiment of his bravest self. He thought Stephen Hawking might be waving at him though he wasn’t. At the end, he said his journey is over and he had a great interview of Mr. Hawking.

Extra Questions A Visit To Cambridge Class 8 Question 15.
(i) Did the prospect of meeting Stephen Hawking make the writer nervous?
(ii) Did he at the same time feel very excited? If so, why?
Answer:
(i) Yes, the prospect of meeting Stephen Hawking made the writer nervous. Stephen Hawking was the greatest scientist on the earth. He was the author of the world-renowned book “A brief History of Time”. He was doubtful whether he would be allowed to meet him even for ten minutes or not. Also, he was fed up with people asking him to be brave.

(ii) Yes, he felt very excited at the same time because Stephen Hawking was totally paralysed, still, he had made great achievement. This got him the strength to do still better.

A Visit To Cambridge Class 8 Question Answers  Question 16.
Guess the first question put to the scientist by the writer.
Answer:
The writer’s first question might be about Hawking’s disability and how he had accepted it.

Question 17.
Stephen Hawking said, “I’ve had no choice.” Does the writer think was a choice? What was it?
Answer:
The writer thought that there was a choice. Stephen Hawking could have chosen to leave everything, be sad and depressed. He could have sulked. However, he chose to live creatively, knowing the reality of his disintegrating body.

Question 18.
“I could feel his anguish”. What could be the anguish?
Answer:
The auguish was that he found it very difficult to express himself with the right words on his computer. He felt frustrated. He could not express himself freely although ideas were floating in his mind.

Question 19.
What endeared the scientist to the writer so that he said he was looking at one of the most beautiful men in the world?
Answer:
When the writer asked the scientist if he felt annoyed when someone like the writer went and disturbed him in his work, then scientist answered ‘yes’ with his one-way smile. This endeared the writer as he knew without being sentimental or silly he was looking at one of the most beautiful man in the world.

Question 20.
Read aloud the description of the beautiful’ man. Which is the most beautiful sentence in the description?
Answer:
The sentences describing the inner glow of Hawking’s personality which makes his physical looks irrelevant is probably one of the most beautiful descriptions of beauty.

Question 21.
(i) If ‘the lantern’ is the man, what would its ‘walls’ be?
(ii) What is housed within the thin walls?
(iii) What general conclusion does the writer draw from this comparison?
Answer:
(i) The walls of the lantern in Hawking’s case were his skeleton like physical structure.
(ii) The glow, the external soul was housed within the thin walls of his body.
(iii) The writer draws conclusion that the eternal soul is more important than the body.

Question 22.
What is the scientist’s message for the disabled?
Answer:
The scientist Stephen Hawking’s message for the disabled is they should concentrate on what they are good at. They should make the best use of their talent and thank God.

Question 23.
Why does the writer refer to the guitar incident? Which idea does it support?
Answer:
The scientist Stephen Hawking said that Olympics for the handicapped or disabled people are waste of time. The writer agreed with him. He remembered the years which he tried to play a big guitar. He felt defeated. So he destroyed it one night. He supports Stephen Hawking’s idea that the disabled should only concentrate on what they are good at.

Question 24.
The writer expresses his great gratitude to Stephen Hawking. What is the gratitude for?
Answer:
The writer expressed his gratitude to Stephen Hawking because he had been an inspiration for him. He saw Stephen as the embodiment of his bravest self. He felt that if he had been as brave as Stephen, he would have achieved a lot. He felt he was moving towards the embodiment that he had believed in for many years. That is why he expressed his great gratitude to him as he had made him realised what great heights he could reach.

A Visit to Cambridge Extra Questions and Answers Long Answer Type

Question 1.
The narrator called him ‘a beautiful man’. How does he define beauty?
Answer:
The narrator was inspired by the achievements of Stephen Hawking whose creativity is beyond measures. His never ‘giving up’ attitude attracted him the most. He could be associated with the difficulties faced by Stephen as he was also confined to a wheel chair. So it is rightly said that beautiful is the one, who do things beautifully and Stephen Hawkings contributed so much that people will also be inspired and awestruck by his achievements.

Question 2.
What is Stephen’s idea behind saying- ‘They should concentrate on what they are good at’?
Answer:
Stephen Hawking was a differently able person who overcame him deformity. He was one of the greatest scientists of the present era. He had the idea to achieve what one is good at. Rather than justifying or proving to others, he wanted challenged person to accept the way they are. Because they do have potential and focus to achieve much more than any other normal people. He did not appreciate the things like the disable Olympics as they are a wastage of time to him.

A Visit to Cambridge Extra Questions and Answers Reference to Context

Passage 1

It was on a walking tour through Cambridge that the guide mentioned Stephen Hawking, ‘poor man, who is quite disabled now, though he is a worthy successor to Issac Newton, whose chair he has at the university.’ And I started, because I had quite forgotten that this most brilliant and completely paralysed astrophysicist, the author of ‘A Brief History of Time’, one of the biggest best-sellers ever, lived here.

When the walking tour was done, I rushed to a phone booth and, almost tearing the cord so it could reach me outside, phoned Stephen Hawking’s house. There was his assistant on the line and I told him I had come in a wheelchair from India (perhaps he thought I had propelled myself all the way) to write about my travels in Britain. I had to see Professor Hawking – even ten minutes would do. “Half an hour,” he said. “From three-thirty to four.”

Question 1.
Why did the guide call Stephen Hawking a ‘poor man’?
Answer:
The guide called Stephen Hawking a ‘poor man’ because he was a differently-abled man.

Question 2.
What did ‘I’ speak about Stephen Hawking?
Answer:
He said that Stephen Hawking is the most brilliant and completely paralysed astrophysicist, author of a best seller ‘A brief History of Time’ lived in Cambridge.

Question 3.
Why had he ‘almost tearing the cord’?
Answer:
He rushed to a phone booth to take an appointment with Stephen Hawking and as he was on a wheel chair, he found it difficult to reach to the telephone.

Question 4.
What time slot was given to him?
Answer:
He was given half an hour from three thirty to four to meet Stephen Hawking.

Question 5.
Who is astrophysics?
Answer:
Astrophysics is the branch of astronomy that employs the principles of physics and chemistry “to ascertain the nature of the heavenly bodies, rather than their positions or motions in space.”

Passage 2

“I haven’t been brave,” said his disembodied computer-voice, the next afternoon. “I’ve had no choice.” Surely, I wanted to say, living creatively with the reality of his disintegrating body was a choice? But I kept quiet, because I felt guilty every time I spoke to him, forcing him to respond. There he was, tapping at the little switch in his hand, trying to find the words on his computer with the only bit of movement left to him, his long, pale fingers. Every so often, his eyes would shut in frustrated exhaustion. And sitting opposite him I could feel his anguish, the mind buoyant with thoughts that came out in frozen phrases and sentences stiff as corpses. “A lot of people seem to think that disabled people are chronically unhappy,” I said. “I know that’s not true myself. Are you often laughing inside?”

Question 1.
What do you get about Stephen when he spoke ‘I have had no choice’?
Answer:
Stephen Hawking accepted his disability. He tried to be brave.

Question 2.
How did he manage to express himself?
Answer:
Stephen Hawking was tapping at the little switch in his hand, trying to find the words on his computer with the only bit of movement left to him.

Question 3.
What is the general opinion about disabled?
Answer:
The general opinion about the disabled people are that they chronically unhappy.

Question 4.
How did Stephen take his visitors?
Answer:
Stephen found it amusing when others patronize him and get annoyed when someone comes and disturb him.

Question 5.
Change the word ‘patron’ into a verb.
Answer:
Patronise.

Passage 3

“Yes,” he said; it was a disadvantage of his voice synthesiser that it could convey no inflection, no shades or tone. And I could not tell how enthusiastically he agreed with me. Every time I shifted in my chair or turned my wrist to watch the time – I wanted to make every one of our thirty minutes count — I felt a huge relief and exhilaration in the possibilities of my body. How little it mattered then that I would never walk, or even stand. I told him how he had been an inspiration beyond cliche’ for me, and, surely, for others — did that thought help him? “No,” he said; and I thought how foolish I was to ask. When your body is a claustrophobic room and the walls are growing narrower day by day, it doesn’t do much good to know that there are people outside smiling with admiration to see you breathing still.

Question 1.
What was the disadvantage of his voice synthesizer?
Answer:
The disadvantage of his voice synthesizer was that it could convey no infection, no shade or tone.

Question 2.
Why was he worried about time?
Answer:
He wanted to make every minute of meeting count.

Question 3.
How was his body a ‘Claustrophobic Room’?
Answer:
As he was dependent on others and confined to a wheel chair, he called his body to be a suffocating place.

Question 4.
How did he feel after seeing admiring people?
Answer:
He didn’t get to know that there are people outside smiling with admiration to see him breathing still.

Question 5.
Choose a word that means the same as follows.
‘Phrase or idea used so often that it loses it meaning”
Ans.
cliche.

Passage 4

“Stay.” I waited. “Have some tea. I can show you the garden.” The garden was as big ks a park, but Stephen Hawking covered every inch, rumbling along in his motorised wheelchair while I dodged to keep out of the way. We couldn’t talk very much; the sun made him silent, the letters on his screen disappearing in the glare. An hour later, we were ready to leave. I didn’t know what to do. I could not kiss him or cry. I touched his shoulder and wheeled out into the summer evening. I looked back; and I knew he was waving, though he wasn’t. Watching him, an embodiment of my bravest self, the one I was moving towards, the one I had believed in for so many years, alone, I knew that my journey was over. For now.

Question 1.
Why did Stephen say ‘stay’?
Answer:
Stephen wanted him to stay with him and to show him the garden.

Question 2.
Why did ‘the sun made him silent’?
Answer:
The letters on his screen couldn’t be displayed because of the sunlight. So he couldn’t communicate. It made him silent.

Question 3.
What did the narrator So to did bade him goodbye?
Answer:
The narrator touched his shoulder and wheeled out into the summer evening.

Question 4.
How was the narrator’s journey?
Answer:
The narrator’s journey was inspiring and thought provoking.

Question5.
Find the superlative adjective of‘brave’ from the above lines?
Answer:
Bravest.

Here we are providing Online Education On the Grasshopper and Cricket Extra Questions and Answers Class 8 English Honeydew, Extra Questions for Class 8 English was designed by subject expert teachers. https://ncertmcq.com/extra-questions-for-class-8-english/

You can refer to On the Grasshopper and Cricket Class 8 Questions and Answer NCERT to revise the concepts in the syllabus effectively and improve your chances of securing high marks in your board exams.

Online Education for On the Grasshopper and Cricket Extra Questions and Answers Class 8 English Honeydew

On the Grasshopper and Cricket Extra Questions and Answers Short Answer Type

On The Grasshopper And The Cricket Poem Questions And Answers Question 1.
What is the meanings of the line: ‘The poetry of earth is never dead’?
Answer:
The poet wanted to say that poetry of nature is never going to end. No matter what the season is, whether it is the sweltering summer or the harsh cold winter, the music and the poetry of the nature is never dead.

On The Grasshopper And Cricket Extra Questions Question 2.
What is main theme of the poem?
Answer:
The main theme of poem is that poetry and music in nature do not perish.

On The Grasshopper And Cricket Question Answers Class 8 Oxford Question 3.
Where do birds take rest in hot summer day?
Answer:
The birds took rest under shady trees to secure themselves from the scorching heat of the sun.

On The Grasshopper And Cricket Question Answer Question 4.
Where do grasshoppers take rest when he tired?
Answer:
When grasshopper became tired, he rests ease beneath some pleasant weeds.

On The Grasshopper And The Cricket Poem Extra Questions And Answers Question 5.
In which season cricket sing?
Answer:
The cricket sing in winter. When it is very cold and quiet, the winter silence is broken by a shrill sound.

On The Grasshopper And The Cricket Poem Questions And Answers Pdf Question 6.
Discuss with your partner the following definition of a poem.
A poem is made of wotds arranged in a beautiful order. These words, when read aloud with feeling, have a music and meaning of their own.
Answer:
Poem is supposedly an artistic piece which contains a speech as well ag a song and is usually rhythmical and metaphorical. These beautiful arrangement’of words add to the essence of the poem. Poems are supposedly read aloud to feel the intense passion and emotion with which they have been composed. The rhyming words in a poem puts various ideas and imaginations of the poet in a sync.

According to the Oxford advanced learner’s dictionary, a Poem can be defined as a piece of writing in which the words are chosen for their sound and the images they suggest, not just for their obvious meanings. The words are arranged in separate lines, usually with a repeated rhythm, and often the lines rhyme at the end.

On The Grasshopper And Cricket Class 8 Extra Questions Question 7.
‘The poetry of earth’ is not made of words. What is it made of, as suggested in the poem?
Answer:
‘The poetry of earth’ is not made of words but it is made of the songs of a grasshopper and the cricket, thus it is made by the music sung by these insects.

On The Grasshopper And Cricket Question Answers Class 8 Question 8.
Find in the poem lines that match the following.
(i) The grasshopper’s happiness never comes to an end.
(ii) The cricket’s song has a warmth that never decreases.
Answer:
(i) In summer luxury — he has never done with his delights.
(ii) the cricket’s song, in warmth increasing ever.

On The Grasshopper And The Cricket Poem Questions And Answers Class 8 Question 9.
Which word in stanza 2 is opposite in meeting to ‘the frost’?
Answer:
The word ‘frost’ in stanza 2 differs in meaning we to word ‘grassy’. Frost has a chilly reference which means a degree or state of coldness sufficient to cause the freezing of water. This meaning it lacks green grass.

On The Grasshopper And Cricket Class 8 Question 10.
‘The poetry of earth continues round the year through a cycle of two seasons’. Mention each with its representative voice.
Answer:
The grasshopper’s takes the lead in summer. He is never done with his delight. On a long winter evening when the forest is silent, the cricket sing with its shrill voice from the stone.

On the Grasshopper and Cricket Extra Questions and Answers Reference to Context

Question 1.
The poetry of earth is never dead:
When all the birds are faint with the hot sun,
And hide in cooling trees, a voice will run
From hedge to hedge about the new-mown mead,
That is the grasshopper’s
he takes the lead In summer luxury
he has never done With his delights, for when tired out with fun
He rests at ease beneath some pleasant weed.

Paraphrase:
Like every poet Keats has been attracted towards the beauty of nature. He finds nature beautiful in all seasons not excluding the hot summer and cold winter. He says that the earth is always singing. When the birds stop singing in the hot summer finding cool place, we find the grasshopper singing and flying from hedge. He sings tirelessly and when it gets tired, it rests beneath some weed.

(i) What is an ongoing process in nature?
(ii) Where do birds go when heat of the sun rise?
(iii) How has the continuity of music maintained?
(iv) Name the figure of speech in the above stanza.
(v) Describe the beauty of the poem.
Answer:
(i) Poetry, rhythm in nature is an unending process giving life to surroundings.
(ii) As the heat of the Sun rise, the birds hide in branches to find a cool place for themselves.
(iii) During the extreme heat when birds stop singing, voice of grasshopper delights with its music.
(iv) Metaphor – Poetry of earth.
(v) The poem is a 14 line Petrarchan sonnet with a rhyming scheme of abba – abba – cdecde.

Question 2.
The poetry of earth is ceasing never:
On a lone winter evening when the frost
Has wrought a silence, from the stone there shrills
The cricket’s song, in warmth increasing ever,
And seems to one in drowsiness half lost;
The grasshopper’s among some grassy hills.

Paraphrase:
When the birds are silent in very cold, the earth never stops and expresses its pleasure through different being like the cricket. It sings the beautiful songs from the stones. It seems to be increasing in warmth every moment and half – asleep human being feels it to be a grasshopper’s song coming from grassy hills.

(i) What is ‘ceasing never’?
(ii) Who takes up the job of providing rhythm during winters?
(iii) From where do the cricket sing?
(iv) What is the impact of cricket and grasshopper music?
Answer:
(i) The poetry of earth is never ceasing.
(ii) Cricket takes up the job by providing rhythm in extreme cold weather.
(iii) The crickets hide under the stone and sing in its shrill voice.
(iv) Crickets and grasshoppers make sounds that soothes the listener even its extreme weathers. The listeners are recovered from their drowsy sleep to listen to the endless fountain of relief with music of the nature.

Check the below Online Education NCERT MCQ Questions for Class 8 Geography Chapter 5 Extra Questions and Answers Industries Pdf free download. https://ncertmcq.com/extra-questions-for-class-8-social-science/

Online Education for Industries Class 8 Extra Questions Geography Chapter 5

Class 8 Geography Chapter 5 Extra Questions And Answers Question 1.
On what basis industries can be classified?
Answer:
Industries can be classified on the following bases –

• raw materials,
• size,
• ownership.

Class 8 Geography Chapter 5 Extra Questions Question 2.
Classify the industries on the basis of ownership.
Answer:
Private sector, state-owned or public sector, joint sector and co-operative sector.

Chapter 5 Industries Class 8 Extra Questions Question 3.
Name the major industrial regions of the world.
Answer:

• Eastern North America,
• Western and Central Europe,
• Eastern Europe,
• Eastern Asia.

Industries Class 8 Questions And Answers Question 4.
Why do industrial accidents or disasters occur?
Answer:
Industrial accidents occur mainly due to technical failure or irresponsible handling of hazardous material.

Industries Class 8 Extra Questions Question 5.
Name the countries where iron and steel industry is located.
Answer:
Germany, USA, China, Japan and Russia.

Extra Questions For Class 8 Geography Chapter 5 Question 6.
In which countries is textile industry concentrated?
Answer:
India, Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan and Taiwan.

Class 8 Geography Chapter 5 Short Extra Questions Question 7.
In which countries do the major hubs of Information Technology (IT) industry lie?
Answer:

• Silicon Valley in Central California.
• Bangalore region of India.

Class 8 Industries Extra Questions Question 8.
Why is iron and steel industry called a feeder industry?
Answer:
Iron and steel industry is called a feeder industry because its products are used as raw materials for other industries.

Industries Class 8 Extra Questions And Answers Question 9.
Write the names of great lakes of North America.
Answer:
Superior, Huron, Ontario, Michigan and Erie.

Ncert Class 8 Geography Chapter 5 Extra Questions Question 10.
Name the regions of Pittsburgh where large steel mills are located.
Answer:

• Valley of Monogahela river.
• Valley of Allegheny river.
• Along the river Ohio.

Geography Class 8 Chapter 5 Extra Questions Question 11.
Give examples of natural fibres.
Answer:
Wool, silk, cotton, linen and jute.

Chapter 5 Geography Class 8 Extra Questions Question 12.
Give examples of man-made fibres.
Answer:
Nylon, polyester, acrylic, rayon.

Extra Questions On Industries Class 8 Question 13.
Which countries are the important producers of cotton textiles?
Answer:
India, China, Japan and USA.

Class 8 Geography Ch 5 Extra Questions Question 14.
India has a glorious tradition of producing good quality cotton textiles. Give examples of Indian handspun and handwoven cloth.
Answer:

• Muslins of Dhaka
• Chintzes of Masulipatnam
• Calicos of Calicut
• Gold-wrought cotton pieces of Burhanpur, Surat and Vadodara.

Class 8th Geography Chapter 5 Extra Questions Question 15.
When and where was the first successful modem textile mill established?
Answer:
In 1854 at Mumbai.

Question 16.
Name an important textile centre of Japan.
Answer:
Osaka is an important textile centre of Japan. It is also known as ‘Manchester of Japan’.

Question 17.
From which countries does Japan import cotton?
Answer:
Egypt, India, China and USA.

Question 18.
Which industries have replaced the cotton textile industry of Osaka?
Answer:
Iron and steel, machinery, ship¬building, automobiles, electrical equipments and cement.

Question 19.
Define Information Technology industry.
Answer:
The information technology industry deals in the storage, processing and distribution of information.

Question 20.
Which factors guide the location of IT industry?
Answer:
Resource availability, cost and infrastructure.

Question 21.
Name the major hubs of the IT industry.
Answer:

• Silicon Valley, California
• Bangalore, India.

Question 22.
What do you understand by secondary activities? Explain with the help of example.
Answer:
Secondary activities change raw materials into products of more value to people. For example, pulp is changed into paper and paper into a notebook.

Question 23.
Explain how products of mineral-based industries feed other industries.
Answer:
Iron made from iron-ore is the product of mineral-based industry. This is used as raw material for the manufacture of various products such as heavy machinery, building materials and railway coaches.

Question 24.
What is the difference between private sector and public sector industries?
Answer:
Private-sector industries are owned and operated by individuals or a group of individuals. Public sector industries are owned and operated by the government.

Question 25.
Write the difference between joint sector and co-operative sector industries.
Answer:
Joint sector industries are owned and. operated by the state and individuals or a group of individuals.
Co-operative sector industries are owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers or both.

Question 26.
Name the major industrial regions of India.
Answer:

• Mumbai-Pune cluster
• Bangalore-Tamil Nadu region
• Hugli region
• Ahmedabad-Baroda region
• Chottanagpur industrial belt
• Visakhapatnam-Guntur belt
• Gurgaon-Delhi-Meerut region
• Kollam-Thiruvananthapuram region.

Question 27.
What was the cause of industrial disaster which occurred in Bhopal on 3 December 1984?
Answer:
The industrial disaster in Bhopal on 3 December 1984 occurred due to the leakage of highly poisonous Methyl Isocyanate (MIC) gas along with Hydrogen Cyanide and other reactive products.

Question 28.
What are ‘Sunrise Industries’? Give examples of such industries.
Answer:
Emerging industries are also known as ‘Sunrise Industries’. For example, Informa¬tion Technology, Hospitality and Knowledge.

Question 29.
Mention the inputs of iron and steel industry.
Answer:
The inputs of iron and steel industry are –

• Raw materials – iron-ore, coal, limestone
• labour,
• capital,
• land,
• other infrastructure.

Question 30.
Write two characteristics of steel.
Answer:

1. Steel is hard and it can easily be shaped, cut or made into wire.
2. Special alloys of steel can be made by adding other metals like aluminium, nickel and copper. It gives unusual hardness, toughness or ability to resist rust.

Question 31.
After 1950, why did iron and steel industry begin to be located on flat land and near seaports?
Answer:
After 1950 iron and steel industry began to be located on flat land near seaports because steelworks had become very large and iron-ore had been imported from overseas.

Question 32.
Name the import steel-producing centres of India. Also, mention the states where they are located.
Answer:

Steel producing centres	States where they are located
1. Bhilai	Chhattisgarh
2. Durgapur,	West Bengal
3. Burnpur	West Bengal
4. Jamshedpur,	Jharkhand
5. Bokaro	Jharkhand
6. Rourkela	Orissa
7. Bhadravati,	Karnataka
8. Vijaynagar	Karnataka
9. Visakhapatnam	Andhra Pradesh
10. Salem	Tamil Nadu

Question 33.
Why has the cotton textile industry spread to different parts of the country?
Answer:
Cotton textile industry has spread to different parts of the country because :

• Raw cotton is a pure and lightweight raw material.
• Humidity can be created artificially which is important for cotton textile.

Question 34.
Why could traditional cotton textile not compete with new textile mills of the West (Europe)?
Answer:

• The production of handwoven cotton textile was expensive and time-consuming.
• Textile mills of the West (Europe) produced cheap and good quality fabrics.

Question 35.
Name some major cotton textile centres of India.
Answer:
Coimbatore, Kanpur, Chennai, Ahmedabad, Mumbai, Kolkata, Ludhiana, Pondicherry and Panipat.

Question 36.
Why have textile mills been closed down in Ahmedabad?
Answer:
Textile mills have been closed down in Ahmedabad because:

• New textile centres have emerged in India.
• Machines and technology have not been upgraded.

Question 37.
Name the two major hubs of IT industry. Also, write their locations.
Answer:

1. Bangalore is located on the Deccan Plateau of India.
2. Silicon Valley is a part of Santa Clara Valley, located next to the Rocky Mountains of North America.

Question 38.
Name some emerging information technology hubs in India.
Answer:
Mumbai, New Delhi, Hyderabad, Chennai, Gurgaon, Pune, Thiruvananthapuram, Kochi and Chandigarh.

Question 39.
On the outline map of India show the following places. Ahmedabad.
Answer:
Ahmedabad.

Question 40.
Which industry is often referred to as the backbone of modern industry and why?
Answer:
Iron and steel industry is often referred to as the backbone of modem industry because almost everything we use is either made of iron or steel or has been made with tools and machinery of these metals.

Question 41.
How can industries be classified on the basis of raw materials? Explain.
Answer:
On the basis of raw materials, industries can be classified in the following ways –

• Agro-based industries use plant and animal-based products as their raw materials. For example, food processing.
• Mineral-based industries use mineral ores as their raw material. For example, iron and steel industry.
• Marine-based industries use products from the sea and oceans as raw materials. For example, manufacturing of fish oil.
• Forest-based industries utilise forest produce as raw materials. For example, paper and pulp, furniture and building.

Question 42.
What do you understand by Industrial System? Explain with the help of an example.
Answer:
Industrial System consists of inputs, processes and outputs.

• The inputs are raw materials, labour, cost of land, transport, power etc.
• The processes include a wide range of activities that convert the raw materials into finished products.
• The outputs are the end products and the income is earned from it.

For example, in textile industry the inputs are cotton, labour, factory building, transport cost, etc. The processes include ginning, spinning, weaving, dyeing and printing. The output are the garments like shirt, trousers, etc.

Question 43.
Describe the utility of steel in our day-to-day life.
Or
Explain how steel is the backbone of modern industry.
Answer:

• Various modes of transport like ships, trains, trucks and autos are made of steel.
• The safety pins and the needles are also made of steel.
• Oil wells are drilled with steel machinery. Steel pipelines transport oil.
• Minerals are mined with steel equipment.
• Farm machines are made up of steel.
• Large buildings have steel frameworks.

Question 44.
Why was Sakchi (near Jamshedpur) chosen to set up the steel plant (TISCO)? Give reasons.
Answer:
Sakchi was chosen to set up the steel plant (TISCO) for various reasons –

• It was close to the iron ore, coal and manganese deposits. TISCO gets coal from Jharia coalfields and iron-ore, limestone, dolomite and manganese from Orissa and Chhattisgarh.
• The Kharkai and Subarnarekha rivers ensured sufficient water supply.
• Kolkata provided a large market.
• Government initiatives provided adequate capital for its later development.

Question 45.
Describe the locational advantages of Pittsburgh steel city in the United States of America.
Answer:
Locational advantages df Pittsburgh steel city –

• Coal is available locally.
• Iron-ore comes from the iron mines at Minnesota, about 1500 km from Pittsburgh.
• The world’s best route – the famous Great Lakes waterway is available for shipping ore cheaply.
• Trains carry the ore from the Great Lakes to the Pittsburgh area.
• The Ohio, the Monogahela and Allegheny rivers provide adequate water supply.

Question 46.
Describe the favourable locational factors that were responsible for the development of the textile industry in Ahmedabad.
Answer:

• Ahmedabad is situated in the “heart of a cotton-growing area. This ensures easy availability of raw material.
• The humid climate is ideal for spinning and weaving.
• The flat terrain is suitable for the establishment of the mills.
• The densely populated states of Gujarat and Maharashtra provide both skilled and semi-skilled labour.
• There are well-developed road and railway network.
• Nearby Mumbai port facilitates import of machinery and export of cotton textiles.

Question 47.
Why has the textile industry developed in Osaka (Japan)?
Or
Describe the geographical factors responsible for the location of textile industry in Osaka (Japan).
Answer:

• The extensive plain around Osaka ensured the availability of land for the growth of cotton mills.
• Warm humid climate is well suited to spinning and weaving.
• The river Yodo provides sufficient water for the mills.
• Labour is easily available.
• Location of port facilitates import of raw cotton and for exporting textiles.

Question 48.
Explain the classification of Industries
Answer:
Industries can be classified on the following basis –
Raw Materials-Agro-based and mineral-based like food processing iron and steel industry.

Question 49.
Explain the factors influencing the location of an industry.
Answer:
Factors which affect the location of an industry are:

• Availability of raw materials
• land
• water
• labour
• power
• capital
• transport
• market
• government policies
• communication.

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. Industry refers to …………………………….. activity that is concerned with production of goods, extraction of minerals or the provision of services.
(a) apolitical
(b) a social
(c) a cultural
(d) an economic
Answer:
(d) an economic.

2. What is not true about cottage industry?
(a) It is a type of small scale industry.
(b) Its products are manufactured by machines.
(c) It is also known as household industry.
(d) Basket weaving is a cottage industry.
Answer:
(b) Its products are manufactured by machines.

3. The processes such as ginning, spinning, weaving, dyeing and printing are associated with the industry.
(a) steel industry
(b) chemical
(c) textile
(d) paper
Answer:
(c) textile.

4. operate for profit in the market.
(а) Government
(b) Private Companies
(c) Cooperative Societies
Answer:
(b) Private Companies.

Glossary:

→ Secondary activities or Manufacturing – These activities change raw materials into products of more value to people.

→ Industry- It refers to an economic activity that is concerned with production of goods, extraction of minerals or the provision of services.

→ Agro-based industries – These industries use plant and animal-based products as their raw materials.

→ Mineral-based industries – These industries use mineral ores as their raw materials.

→ Marine-based industries – These industries use products from sea and oceans as raw materials.

→ Forest-based industries – These industries utilise forest product as raw materials.

→ Cottage or household industries – Here products are manufactured by hand by the artisans.

→ Private sector industries – These are owned and operated by individuals or a group of individuals.

→ Public sector industries – These are owned and operated by the government.

→ Joint sector industries – These are owned and operated by the state and individuals or a group of individuals.

→ Co-operative sector industries – These are owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials.

→ Smelting- It is the process in which metals are extracted from their ores by heating beyond the melting point.

→ TISCO – Tata Iron and Steel Company.

→ Information Technology – This industry deals in storage, processing and distribution of information.

Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science