Category: English Summary

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The Rebel Summary in English by D. J. Enright

The Rebel by D. J. Enright About the Poet

Poet Name	D. J. Enright
Born	11 March 1920, Royal Leamington Spa, United Kingdom
Died	31 December 2002, London, United Kingdom
Genre	Poetry, fiction, essays
Education	North Leamington School, Downing College

The Rebel Summary in English

A rebel is a person who always disagrees with you. He likes to do the opposite of what ‘ everyone loves to do. When everyone has short hair, the rebel sports long hair. When everybody lets his hair grow long, the rebel cuts his hair short. When others in the class s-talk, the rebel keeps silent. But when others are all quiet, the rebel breaks this silence. When other boys go to school in uniforms, the rebel puts on colourful clothes.

When other boys are in fancy dress, the rebel’s dress is simple. If others are dog lovers, the rebel prefers cats. But in the company of cat lovers, he praises dogs. When everybody longs for sunlight, the rebel longs for rain. When others go to the meeting, the rebel stays at home and reads books. When everybody agrees, the rebel disagrees. The rebels are necessary because they help us look at life differently. But this practice will not suit everyone.

The Rebel Summary in Hindi

विद्रोही वह होता है जो आपसे सहमत न हो। वह हमेशा जो दूसरे लोग करते हैं उसके विपरीत करना पसंद करता है। जब सभी छोटे बाल रखते हैं तो विद्रोही बड़े बाल रखता है। जब सभी बड़े बाल रखते हैं तो विद्रोही छोटे बाल करा लेता है। जब वर्ग के सभी बच्चे बातें करते हैं विद्रोही चुप रहता है। लेकिन जब सभी शांत रहते हैं तो वह शोर मचाता है। जब अन्य सभी स्कूल ड्रेस पहनते हैं तो विद्रोही रंगीन (फैंसी) कपड़ों में होता है। जब सभी रंगीन फैंसी कपड़े पहनकर आते हैं तो विद्रोही साधारण ड्रेस पहनकर आता है। जब सभी कुत्ते को पसंद करते हैं तो विद्रोही बिल्ली को पसंद करता है। परन्तु बिल्ली पसंद करने वालों के बीच विद्रोही कुत्ते की प्रशंसा करता है। जब लोगों को धूप की इच्छा होती है तो विद्रोही वर्षा की इच्छा करता है। जब अन्य सभा में जाते हैं तो विद्रोही घर में किताबें पढ़ने बैठ जाता है। जब सभी सहमति जताते हैं तो विद्रोही असहमत हो जाता है। विद्रोहियों की भी हमें जरुरत है क्योंकि वे हमें जीवन का एक अलग नजरिया पेश करते हैं। लेकिन ऐसी बात हर किसी को अच्छी नहीं लगती।

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The Cop and the Anthem Summary in English by O. Henry

The Cop and the Anthem by O. Henry About the Poet

Author Name	O. Henry
Born	11 September 1862, Greensboro, North Carolina, United States
Died	5 June 1910, New York, New York, United States
Full Name	William Sydney Porter
Short stories	The Gift of the Magi, The Last Leaf
Nationality	American

The Cop and the Anthem Summary in English

Soapy was a young man. He had left his home and parents. He became a vagabond. He spent his days alone in Madison Square. It was all right in summer. He made his bed warm with three newspapers. There were quite a few others like him living there.

What would happen during the winter? He started feeling uneasy. The winter was coming. He felt cold on the park-bench. He realised the need to find some cozy place. But he did not think of going to warmer regions outside the country. Just three months in the orison on Blackwell’s Island was what he wanted. There he was sure of getting food and a bed every night. He would be safe from cold wind and also from fear of the police. He had been to prison for a number of times during winter.

He decided to go to prison somehow. If he goes to any other place, he would have to pay for the room and meals. He might be asked to wash their clothes and answer all of personal questions. Prison was better than all other options. He would be his own master there.

Soapy thought of easy ways to reach the prison. If he goes to eat at restaurant and then tell them he had no money they would call a cop who would arrest him. Next morning die judge would send him to jail. His face was clean and his coat was good enough. But as soon as he put his foot inside the restaurant, the waiters blocked his entry.

He next went to a shop with a glass window. He threw a big stone through the glass. A cop arrived. But the cop did not consider soapy to have done because he had not tried to run out. The cop saw another man running, and went after him. Soapy was shocked at heart for failing two times.

Next he went to another restaurant and sat down at a table was soon eating a big dinner. When he had finished he said that he had no money. Soon he was thrown on the street outside by the waiters. His dream of being taken to prison failed again. No cop was going to arrest him.

Then he began to shout as if he had drunk too much. He danced and cried out. The cop ignored him, taking him for some noisy college boy.

Then he stole a man’s umbrella, kept beside a shop door. The owner followed him. But he let Soapy go because he himself was carrying a stolen umbrella.

Soapy, at last, came to a quiet street. He stopped at his old childhood home. There was a sudden change in his soul. He felt sorry for wasting his life in such a way. He decided to pull himself out of the mud, and get a job. Soon there came a cop who arrested min for hanging around there. Next morning the judge sent Soapy to prison on Blackwell’s island for three months.

The Cop and the Anthem Summary in Hindi

सोपी एक युवक था! उसने अपने घर तथा माता-पिता को छोड़ दिया था। वह आवारा हो गया। वह अपने दिन मेडिसन स्क्वेअर में सरल बिताने लगा। ग्रीष्म ऋतु में तो उसे कोई कष्ट न हुआ। उसने तीन अखबार बिछाकर अपना बिस्तर बना लिया। उसी की तरह के कुछ अन्य लोग भी वहाँ रहा करते थे।

शीत ऋतु में क्या होगा? वह बेचैनी महसूस करने लगा। शीत ऋतु आ रही थी। सोपी को पार्क की बेंच पर ठण्ड लगने लगी। उसने कोई गरम स्थान खोजने की जरुरत महसूस किया। पर उसके मन में देश से बाहर किसी गर्म प्रदेश में जाने का विचार नहीं आया। ब्लेकवेल टापू पर तीन माह कैद में बिताना ही उसकी एक मात्र तमन्ना थी। वहां प्रति रात उसे भोजन और बिछावन मिलने की तो गारंटी थी। वह वहाँ ठण्ड तथा पुलिस दोनों से सुरक्षित रहेगा। वह पहले भी कई बार वहाँ (कैद में) शीत ऋतु बिता चुका था।

वह किसी प्रकार जेल पहुँचने के उपायों पर विचार करने लगा। यदि वह किसी अन्य स्थान पर शरण लेने गया तो उसे कमरे तथा भोजन का पैसा देना पड़ेगा। उसे यह भी कहा जा सकता था कि कपड़े धोओ और अनेक प्रश्नों का उत्तर भी दो। जेल जाना सभी अन्य विकल्पों से बेहतर था। वहाँ वह अपना स्वामी स्वयं होगा।

सोपी ने जेल जाने के सरल उपायों पर विचार किया। एक तो यह था कि वह किसी रेस्तरां में जाकर खाना खाये और फिर कह दे मेरे पास तो कोई पैसा नहीं। वे लोग पुलिस को बुला लेंगे जो उसे हिरासत में ले लेगी। अगले दिन जज उसे जेल भेज देगा। उसका चेहरा साफ सुथरा था और कोट भी बुरी हालत में न था। पर जैसे ही उसने अपना पैर रेस्तरां के अन्दर रखा, वेटर ने उसे प्रवेश करने से रोक दिया।

इसके बाद वह एक दुकान के सामने गया जिसमें कांच लगी खिड़की थी। उसने एक बड़ा-सा पत्थर शीशे पर फेंका। सिपाही आ गया। पर उसने सोपी को अपराधी नहीं समझा क्योंकि सोपी ने भागने का कोई प्रयास नहीं किया। उसने तो एक अन्य व्यक्ति को भागते देखा, और उसी के पीछे भाग चला। सोपी का मन उदास हो गया, वह दो बार असफल हो चुका था। । – इसके बाद सोपी एक अन्य भोजनालय में गया तथा एक मेज पर जा बैठा। जब वह खाना खा चुका तो बोला कि उसके पास पैसे नहीं है। वेटरों ने उसे बाहर सड़क पर फेंक दिया। उसका जेल जाने का सपना फिर अधूरा रह गया। कोई भी सिपाही उसे बन्दी बनाने को तैयार न था।

फिर सोपी इस प्रकार से शोर मचाने लगा मानो अधिक शराब पी रखी हो। वह नाचता तथा चिल्लाता रहा। सिपाही ने उसकी ओर ध्यान नहीं दिया, उसने समझा कि यह कोई शोर करने वाला विचलित छात्र है।

फिर सोपी ने एक दुकान के बगल में रखी छतरी उठा ली। छतरी मालिक ने पीछा किया पर शीघ्र हो उसने सोपी को जाने दिया क्योंकि उसके पास भी वह छतरी चोरी की थी।

अंत में सोपी एक शांत सड़क पर आ गया। वह अपने पुराने ढंग में बने बचपन वाले घर के सामने ठहर गया। उसके मन में अचानक बदलाव आ गया। उसे अपना जीवन व्यर्थ गंवाने पर अफसोस हुआ। उसने निश्चय कर लिया कि वह अब कीचड़ से निकलकर कोई नौकरी कर लेगा। शीघ्र ही वहां एक सिपाही आ गया जिसने उसे आवारागर्दी के अपराध में पकड़ लिया। अगली प्रातः जज ने सोपी को ब्लेकवेल टापू जेल में तीन माह के लिये भेज दिया।

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The Desert Summary Class 7 English An Alien Hand

The Desert Summary in English

A desert is generally a place without water and vegetation. The popular belief is that it is an area of endless sand with no greenery, dry, hot and without shade. But this belief is not all correct. The desert can be a beautiful place, a home of many people, animals and plants. When it rains, desert flowers bloom.

A desert is not just a sandy wasteland. It may have mountains and even a greenland, called oasis. An oasis takes shape around a spring or well. A desert may be hot like the Thar or cold like Ladakh. Strong winds raise heaps of sand and deposit them as mounds. These are called sand dunes.

All living things including plants and animals, need water to survive. But desert creatures and plants require less water than green land plants. Camels can do without water for days together. The reason is that they sweat very little. Human beings sweat when it gets hot. The sweat cools the body. Camels can stand high body temperature.

The smaller desert plants, such as cactus store water in their thick stems. They quickly absorb moisture even from the light rains.

The major feature of all deserts is dryness and variations in temperature. Since there is no moisture in the air, the desert heats up repidly during the day and also cools off rapidly at night.

Deserts have their own importance. They are part of nature’s plan. One should not call them useless.

The Desert Summary in Hindi

मरुस्थल आमतौर से एक सखा और बिना पेड पौधों का स्थान होता है। आम धारणा यह है कि वहां अंतहीन रेत होती है. कोई हरियाली नहीं होती, सूखा, गर्म तथा छायारहित स्थान होता है। पर यह धारणा पूरी तरह से सही नहीं है। मरुस्थल एक सुन्दर स्थान भी हो सकता है जहाँ अनेक प्रकार के लोग, पशु तथा पौधे पाए जाते हैं। जब वर्षा होती है तो रेगिस्तानों में फूल खिल जाते हैं।

मरुस्थल मात्र रेतीला बंजर प्रदेश नहीं होता । उसमें पर्वत हो सकता है तथा हरे-भरे मरुद्यान भी। मरुद्यान वहीं जन्म लेता है जहाँ कोई झरना या कुँआ मिल जाता है। मरुस्थल थार की भाँति गर्म प्रदेश हो सकता है और लद्दाख की भाँति ठण्डा। हवा वहाँ ढेरों रेत उड़ाकर उन्हें टीलों के रुप में जमा देता है। इन्हें रेत के टीले कहा जाता है।

सभी जीवंत चीजें चाहे पेड़ पौधे हों या पशु, पानी के बिना जीवित नहीं रह सकते। पर हरियाली भूमि के पौधों की तुलना में रेगिस्तानी जीवों और पौधों का काफी कम पानी से काम चल जाता है। ऊँट तो कई दिनों तक बिना पानी पिये रह जाते हैं। कारण यह है कि इनका पसीना कम निकलता है। मनुष्यों को गर्मी से पसीना बहने लगता है। पसीना शरीर को ठण्डा रखता है। ऊँट अत्यधिक शारीरिक तापमान सह सकता है।

रेगिस्तान के छोटे पौधे जैसे कैक्टस अपने मोटे तने में जल जमा रखते हैं। वे हल्की-फुल्की वर्षा से भी नमी ले लेते हैं।

सभी मरुस्थलों की मुख्य विशेषताएं होती है उनका सूखापन और उनके तापमान में बदल कि हवा में वहां नमी नहीं होती, इस कारण मरुस्थल दिन के समय शीघ्र गर्म हो जाते हैं और रात को शीघ्र ठंडा।

रेगिस्तानों का अपना महत्त्व है। वे प्रकृति की परियोजना के अंग हैं। हमें उन्हें अर्थहीन या अनुपयोगी नहीं कहना चाहिये।

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The Tale of Custard the Dragon Summary in English by Ogden Nash

The Tale of Custard the Dragon by Ogden Nash About the Poet

Frederic Ogden Nash (1902-1971) was an American poet was an American poet famous for his light verse. He was known as the producer of humorous poetry. He received Sarah Josepha Hale Award in 1964.

Poet Name	Ogden Nash
Born	19 August 1902, Rye, New York, United States
Died	19 May 1971, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
Spouse	Frances Rider Leonard (m. 1931–1971)
Movies	The Feminine Touch, The Shining Hour, The Wizard of Oz, The Firefly, Poezija Ogdena Neša

The Tale of Custard the Dragon Summary in English

It is a narrative poem which describes a little girl Belinda and her pets. Her pets are a black kitten called Ink, a grey mouse named Blink, a yellow dog named Mustard and a coward dragon called Custard. The dragon has dragger like sharp nails, sharp teeth and spikes on his scales. All her pets consider themselves to be brave. They all use to sit on a red wagon and make fun of the dragon who is assumed to be a coward. A pirate enters the house all of a sudden having pistols in both hands. He is holding sword in his teeth. Belinda gets extremely frightened and cries for help.

But all the pets flee away and hide themselves. But Custard comes forward full of bravery. He fights with the pirate and swallows him. This shows that Custard is not a coward. All other pets are cowards. But, other pets start saying that they are brave and two or three times braver than the dragon. However., the reality is now clear. Indeed, the dragon is only brave while all others are simply cowards.

The Tale of Custard the Dragon Summary Questions and Answers

Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follows by choosing the most appropriate options.

1. Custard the dragon had big sharp teeth,
And spikes on top of him and scales underneath,
Mouth like a fireplace, chimney fora nose,
And realio, trulio daggers on his toes.

a. The above lines tell us about ……………………..
(i) kitten
(ii) mouse
(iii) dog
(iv) Custard
Answer:
(iv) Custard

b. It is a description of the ……………………..
(i) appearance of the dragon
(ii) courage of the dragon
(iii) heroism of the dragon
(iv) cowardice of the dragon
Answer:
(i) appearance of the dragon

c. The rhyme scheme of the stanza is ……………………..
(i) a a ; a b
(ii) a b ; a b
(iii) a a ; b b
(iv) a b ; b b
Answer:
(iii) a a ; b b

2. The pirate gaped at Belinda’s dragon,
And gulped soma grog from his pocket flagon,
He fired two bullets, but they didn’t hit,
And Custard gobbled him, every bit.

a. Belida was a ……………….
(i) village woman
(ii) cat
(iii) girl
(iv) dog
Answer:
(iii) girl.

b. Custard was Belinda’s pet ……………….
(i) dog
(ii) dragon
(iii) kitten
(iv) mouse
Answer:
(ii) dragon.

c. The Custard gobbled
(i) some spirits
(ii) two bullets
(iii) the pirate
(iv) Belinda
Answer:
(ii) two bullets.

3. Belinda tickled hi m, she tickled him unmerciful,
Ink, Blink and Mi istard, they rudely called him Percival,
They all sat laugl ling in the little red wagon
At the realio, trul io, cowardly dragon.

a. Who is Belinda ?
Answer:
Belinda is a young girl who lives in a little white house with her pets.

b. How did Belinda and the other pets laugh at the dragon?
Answer:
Belinda tickled him and the other pets compared him to brave Percival to make fun of him.

c. Which word in this extract means the same as ‘unkind’
Answer:
‘unkind’:- ‘rudely’

4. Belinda paled, and’she cried Help! Help!
But Mustard fled with a terrified yelp,
Ink trickled down to the bottom of the household,
And little mouse Blink strategically mouseholed.

a. Why did Belinda cry for help?
Answer:
Belinda cried for help as she saw a pirate standing with pistols in both his hands. She at once realised that he had bad intentions of harming her.

b. Who are Mustard and Ink?
Answer:
Mustard is the little yellow dog and Ink was the little black kitten.

c. What did they do?
Answer:
Mustard fled with a terrified cry and Ink ran down to the bottom of the house.

d. Where did the mouse slip away?
Answer:
The mouse Blink tactfully slipped into his hole.

5. Belinda lived in a little white house,
With a little black kitten and a little grey mouse,
And a little yellow dog and a little red wagon,
And a realio, trulio, little pet dragon.

a. Who is the mistress of the house?
Answer:
Belinda is the mistress of the house.

b. How many pets does she have?
Answer:
She has four pets I.e. a kitten, a mouse, a dog and a dragon.

c. ‘Kitten,’ ‘mouse’ and ‘dog’ are enemies to each other. What effect do you think they create here?
Answer:
‘Kitten’, ‘mouse’ and ‘dog’ are enemies to each other but in the poem they create farcical effect.

d. What is the rhyme scheme in the stanza?
Answer:
The rhyme scheme in the stanza is a, a, b, b.

Question 6.
Belinda tickled him, she tickled him unmerciful.
Why did Etelinda tickle Custard so severely?
Answer:
Belinda tickled Custard so severely because this was her way of teasing and making fun of the cowardly dragon Custard.

Question 7.
But Custard cried for a nice safe cage.
Who is Custard? Why did he cry for a ‘nice safe cage’?
Answer:
Custard is a dragon.-He wants a nice safe cage for him, it shows his basic nature of being calm and quiet and above all he is coward.

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Bringing up Kari Summary in English by Dhan Gopal Mukerji

Bringing up Kari by Dhan Gopal Mukerji About the Poet

Author Name	Dhan Gopal Mukerji
Born	6 July 1890, West Bengal
Died	14 July 1936, New Milford, Connecticut, United States
Awards	John Newbery Medal
Education	The University of California, Berkeley

Bringing up Kari Summary in English

Kari was a five-month-old elephant. The narrator, a nine-year-old child, took care of him. Both grew together. Kari grew tail earlier than the boy. He lived in a shed with straw roof.

Kari once saved the life of a boy drowning in the river. He ate 40 pounds of twigs a day. Every morning he was taken to the river for his bath. The narrator rubbed his body with ash sand for an hour. Kari loved to roll in water for a long time. The narrator led him by the ear to the border of a jungle. He liked to eat tasty and sweet smelling leaves of the banyan tree.

One spring day in March, the narrator suddenly heard the call of Kari. He went tc the river bank. He saw some creature trying to save itself from drowning. He felt helpless. Kari pushed him into the water to save the boy. Kari also stood firmly on the bank for help. Kari saw the narrator being carried away by the current. He rushed into the water and spread out his trunk around the boy’s neck. He then pulled them both to the bank.

Kari was like a baby. He had to be trained to be good. He was naughty also. One day somebody gave him some bananas to eat. Very soon he developed a great love for ripe bananas. He then started taking away fruit from the dining table. One day all the bananas on the table disappeared. The family blamed the narrator and servants for eating all the fruit. The narrator child couldn’t convince them that he was innocent. Then one day he saw Kari picking up fruits, with its trunk, through the window. He then found Kari eating bananas in its pavilion. He pulled the thief by the ear and presented him before his parents. He scolded Kari for that. Afterwards Kari never stole anyting. He accepted the punishment for his mischief quietly.

Kari was a fast learner. He learnt what to do when the narrator said dhat or Mali, Dhat was a signal to sit down while ‘Mali’ meant to walk. He took three weeks to learn Dhat.

The most difficult thing to teach an elephant is the master call. Kari took five years to learn it properly. The master-call is a strange hissing and howling sound, as if a snake and a tiger were fighting each other. Each sound was to be made in Kari’s ear. It was necessary to teach him such a sound. If someone got lost, the only thing to do then was to give the master call. Kari would instantly come for his help.

Bringing up Kari Summary in Hindi

कारी पाँच माह का हाथी था। वर्णनकर्ता जो, 9 वर्ष का बालक था, उसकी देखभाल करता था। दोनों साथ-साथ बड़े हुए। कारी लड़के से पहले ऊँचा हो गया। वह फूस की छत वाले शेड में रहता था।

कारी ने एक बार एक नदी में डूबते बालक की जान बचाई थी। वह 40 पौण्ड टहनियाँ हर दिन खाता था। वर्णनकर्ता हर प्रातः उसे नदी पर नहलाने ले जाया जाता था। वह उसके शरीर पर एक घण्टे तक रेत रगड़ता था। कारी को काफी समय तक पानी में लेटे रहना पसन्द था। वर्णनकर्ता उसे कान से पकड़ कर जंगल के किनारे तक ले जाता था। कारी वटवृक्ष की स्वादिष्ट तथा सुगंधित पत्तियाँ खाना पसन्द करता था।

मार्च में बसंत ऋतु के दौरान एक दिन लेखक को कारी की आवाज सुनाई दी। वह नदी तट पर गया। उसने किसी जीव को पानी में डूबने से बचने का प्रयास करते देखा। लेखक ने स्वयं को विवश महसूस किया। कारी ने उसे पानी में धकेल दिया ताकि जाकर बालक को बचा ले। कारी स्वयं तट पर पैर जमाकर सहायता करने के लिए खड़ा रहा। उसने लेखक को धारा के साथ बहते देखा। वह पानी में भाग चला तथा उसने अपनी सँड बालक के गले में लपेट दी। फिर वह लेखक तथा डूबने वाले दोनों को तट पर घसीट लाया।

कारी एक बच्चे की भाँति था। उसे अच्छा बनने के लिये प्रशिक्षण की जरूरत थी। वह नटखट भी था। एक दिन किसी ने उसे खाने के लिए कुछ केले दिये। कारी को पके हुए केले पसन्द आ गये। फिर उसने भोजन की मेज पर रखे फल उठाने शुरु कर दिये। परिवार वालों ने लेखक पर तथा नौकरों पर सारे फल चुराकर खा जाने का संदेह किया। लेखक बालक उन्हें विश्वास न दिला पाया कि वह निर्दोष है। फिर एक दिन उसने कारी को अपनी सूंड़ खिड़की से अन्दर डालकर फल उठाते देख लिया। फिर उसने कारी को अपने खेमे में केले खाते पाया। उसने चोर के कान पकड़कर उसे अपने माता-पिता के सामने पेश कर दिया। उसके लिए, उसने कारी को फटकारा भी। उस दिन के पश्चात कारी ने चोरी नहीं की। उसने अपनी शैतानी के लिये मिले दण्ड को भी चुपचाप सह लिया।

कारी बहुत शीघ्र सीखने वाला जीव था। उसने सीख लिया कि ‘धत्’ या ‘माली’ कहे जाने पर उसे क्या करना है। धत् का संकेत था कि बैठ जाओ जबकि माली का संकेत था उठकर चलो। तीन सप्ताह में कारी ने धत् का अर्थ समझ लिया।

पर हाथी को मास्टर-कॉल सिखाना सबसे कठिन काम होता है। कारी को इसे भली भाँति सीखने में पाँच वर्ष लगे। मास्टर कॉल एक प्रकार की आवाज होती है जैसी सांप और शेर आपस में लड़ते समय निकालते हैं। इस आवाज को कारी के कान में कहना पड़ता था। उसे इस आवाज का अर्थ समझाना जरुरी भी था। क्योंकि तभी वह तुरन्त सहायता के लिए दौड़ेगा यदि कोई जंगल में गुम हो गया हो और मास्टर कॉल दिया हो।

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Animal Farm Chapter 7 Summary

The winter had arrived and it was bitter and stormy weather. The work continues on the windmill through the bitter winter because the animals want to prove themselves to the humans outside the farm, who doubt them. These same humans say the windmill collapsed because the walls were too thin, but the animals continue to believe that Snowball is responsible. However, they also decide to rebuild the windmill with thicker walls, which means they need more stones. Collecting the stone in winter weather is slow and difficult, impeding their progress. Only Boxer and Clover, with their unshakable work ethic, keep up the animals spirits.

Other problems also abound. In January an improperly planted crop fails, leaving the farm with a severe food shortage from the outside world. Napoleon and the animals work frantically to conceal the shortage from the outside world. Rumours of famine are already circulating among the humans, so confirming these rumours would put the farm in danger. The animals are instructed to talk about increased rations when Mr. Whymper is around. Still, Napoleon makes arrangements to sell more of the hen’s eggs so the farm can buy grain to make up for the shortfall in their stores.

Wanting their eggs to become chicks, the hens rebel, laying their eggs in the hen house rafters so they fall to the floor and break. Napoleon responds Jjy withholding the hen’s rations, but their resistance still lasts for five days. Nine hens die of starvation, but Napoleon makes sure the other animals are told they died of disease.

It was heard that Snowball was hiding in one of the adjoining farms. There was a pile of timber and Mr. Pilkington ‘ and Mr. Frederick, were interested in it. However, whenever the deal took shape, Snowball was noticed to be in that particular farm. Everything bad that happened in the farm was put on Snowball’s head. Even broken windows and blocked drains were put on his name. All the bad things that happened were blamed on Snowball, even if the true causes became apparent later. Eventually, Squealer announces Snowball, has sold himself to Frederick and says Snowball was always in league with the humans, even fighting for Jones at the Battle of Cowshed.

Later, Napoleon uses the threat of Snowball to eliminate some of his enemies. During a meeting, he sends his dogs after the four pigs who question his trade plans, the hens that have rebelled over the eggs, and a few other animals who confess to working with Snowball. All of these animals are executed immediately. This violence stuns the other animals, especially Clover.

After the executions, she and other animals got there on the knoll where the windmill stood. In an attempt to comfort themselves, the animals try to sing ‘Beasts of England ‘but Squealer tells them the song in now banned, replaced with a new song swearing allegiance to Animal Farm. Minimus, the poet, had composed it but somehow neither the words nor the tune was as appealing as ‘Beasts of England’.

Animal Farm Chapter 7 Summary Word Meanings:

• Emboldened – Give someone the courage or confidence to do something
• Pullets – A young hen, especially less than one year old
• Lurking – Be or remain hidden so as to wait in ambush for someone or something
• Frisking – Skip or leap joyfully, frolic
• Tumult – A state of confusion or disorder
• Knoll – A small hill or mound.
• Swishing – Move with a hissing round
• Spinney – A small area of trees and bushes.
• Whinny – A gentle, high pitched neigh
• Lumbering – Moving in a slow, heavy, awkward way.

Animal Farm Chapter 7 Summary Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow :
When it was all over, the remaining animals, except for the pigs and the dogs, crept away in one body. They were shaken and miserable. They did not know which was more shocking: the treachery of the animals who had leagued themselves with Snowball, or the cruel retribution they had just witnessed Since Jones had left the farm, until today, no animal had killed another animal.
(i) Mention the two crimes that the four pigs had just confessed to. As a result what happened to them ?
(ii) Who was Snowball ? In what way had he deceived the other animals ?
(iii) What happened to the other animals who had ‘leagued’ themselves with Snowball ?
(iv) Why had Mr. Jones left the farm ? Which two persons were willing to take over the farm from the animals ?Who did Napoleon favour ?
(v) How was the Sixth Commandment, ‘No animal shall kill any other animal’ modified ? Briefly describe any
other incident which led to the change in another Commandment.
Answer:
(i) The four pigs confessed that they had been secretly in touch with Snowball ever since his expulsion, that they had collaborated with him in destroying the windmill, and that they had entered into an agreement with him to hand over Animal Farm to Mr. Frederick. They added that, Snowball had privately admitted to them that he had been Jones’ secret agent for years past. When they had finished their confession, the dogs promptly tore their throats out.

(ii) Snowball was one of the cleverest pigs, who won the loyalty of the other animals by his decision for the betterment of the farm. He failed to see the sinister thoughts of Napoleon who easily chased him away from the farm. In his absence Napoleon and Squealer wanted to prove him traitor. According to them, they forced the four pigs to make false confession which stated that Snowball had deceived the other animals, because Snowball had privately admitted to them that he had been Jones’ secret agent for years past, and he had ditched animals welfare, for his personal interests.

(iii) The other animals who had leagued themselves with Snowball were all executed. The three hens were slaughtered. The goose and the sheep were all slain on the spot. And so the tale of confessions and executions went on until there was a pile of corpses lying before Napoleon’s feet and the air was heavy with the smell of blood, which had been unknown there since the expulsion of Jones.

(iv) The animals had chased Mr. Jones, his family and his men out of the Manor Farm during the Rebellion. They had beaten and chased him during the Battle of Cowshed too. Mr. Frederick the owner of Pinchfield, a neighbouring farm and Mr. Pilkington, owner of Foxwood farm, were willing to take over the farm from the animals. And Napoleon was in favour of Mr. Pilkington, the owner of Foxwood Farm.

(v) Lot of animals were killed by Napoleon under the revenge of Snowball. He proved all of them traitors working for Snowball. The Commandment was changed to “No animal should kill other animal, without cause”. The pigs sleeping in the beds with sheet, is another example of change in the Fourth Commandment.

Question 2.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow.
One Sunday morning Squealer announced that the hens, who had just come in to lay again, must surrender their eggs. Napoleon had accepted, through Whymper, a contract for four hundred eggs a week.
(i) Who is Mr. Whymper ?
(ii) Why had Squealer announced that the hens must surrender their eggs ?
(iii) How was Napoleon behaving in these days ?
(iv) How did the hens react to this statement ?
(v) What happened to the hens after this ?
Answer:
(i) Mr. Whymper was a solicitor living in Willingdon. Upon Napoleon’s consideration, he had agreed to act as intermediary between Animal Farm and the outside world. He would visit the farm every Monday morning to receive his instructions.

(ii) The winter was very harsh that year. There was a severe food shortage at the Animal Farm. Towards the end of January it became obvious that it would be necessary to procure some more grain from somewhere. Hence, the price of these would pay for enough grain and meal to keep the farm going till summer came on and conditions were easier.

(iii) In these days, Napoleon rarely appeared in public, but spent all his time in the farmhouse, which was guarded at each door by fierce-looking dogs. When he did emerge, it was in a ceremonial manner, with an escort, six dogs who closely surrounded him and growled if anyone came too near. Frequently, he did not even appear on Sunday mornings, but issued his orders through one of the other pigs, usually Squealer.

(iv) When the hens heard that they have to surrender the eggs, they raised a terrible outcry. They had been warned earlier that this sacrifice might be necessary, but had not believed that it would really happen. They were just getting their clutches ready for the spring sitting, and they protested that, to take eggs away now was murder.

(v) The hens made a determined efforts to thwart Napoleon’s wishes. Their method was to fly up to the rafters and lay their eggs there, which were smashed to pieces on the floor. Napoleon acted swiftly and ruthlessly. He ordered the hens’ rations to be stopped, and decreed that any animal giving so much as a grain of corn to a hen should be punished through death. The dogs saw to it that these orders were carried out. For five days the hens held out, then they surrendered and went back to their nesting boxes. Nine hens had died in the meantime.

Question 3.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow.
Four days later, in the late afternoon, Napoleon ordered all the animals to assemble in the yard. When they were all gathered together, Napoleon emerged from the farmhouse, wearing both his medals with his nine huge dogs frisking round him and uttering growls that sent shivers down all the animals’ spines. They all cowered silently in their places, seeming to know in advance that some terrible thing was about to happen.
(i) Who had been called a traitor four days ago ?
(ii) When had Napoleon been awarded the two military honours ?
(iii) What happened just after the extract ?
(iv) What happened when the dogs pounced on Boxer ?
(v) Why were the animals in a shock after what followed the extract ?
Answer:
(i) Snowball had been called a traitor. This was not the first time that he had been decreed as a traitor.He was  accused of helping the humans attack the Animals Farm and even destroying the windmill.

(ii) After the Battle of the Cowshed, the animals had decided to create the military decorations, ‘Animal Hero, First Class’ and ‘Animal Hero, Second Class’. Napoleon had recently awarded himself with these honours.

(iii) Napoleon stood sternly surveying his audience; then he uttered a high-pitched whimper. Immediately the dogs bounded forward, seized four of the pigs by the ear and dragged them, squealing with pain and terror, to Napoleon’s feet.

(iv) The dogs had tasted blood and then unexpectedly, three of them pounced on Boxer. However, he was much more agile and strong. Boxer saw them coming and put out his great hoof, caught a dog in mid-air, and pinned him to the ground. The dog shrieked for mercy and the other two fled with their tails between their legs.

(v) The four pigs confessed that they had conspired with Snowball in destroying the windmill. After they had confessed to all their crimes, the dogs tore their throats out. Then the three hens, a goose and a sheep, were all slained on the spot for their crimes. The other animals were totally shaken and miserable. Since Jones had left, no animal had killed another animal. But now, the air was heavy with the smell of blood. They had never wanted to see this.

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The Tiny Teacher Summary Class 7 English An Alien Hand

The Tiny Teacher Summary in English

The ant is a very small insect, but it is very intelligent and hard-working. It is wiser than any fly or earthworm. The story of an ant’s life sounds almost untrue. But watching the behaviour of the commonest ant can teach us a lot.

The ants can be black or red. They live comfortably, in large and high homes called ‘nests’ or ‘anthills’. Each home has hundreds of rooms and paths. In some of these rooms the queen ant lays eggs. Other rooms are used as nurseries for the young ones called ‘grubs’. Workers and soldiers have separate rooms. Some rooms are used as store houses. No worker can hurt a younger. They live in peace. Each one does its share of work intelligently and bravely.

The queen ant is the head of the family. It lives for about 15 years. It has a pair of wings which it bites off after its wedding flight. And then it does nothing but lay eggs.

Eggs are hatched. Grubs are out. Workers feed and clean them. They are carried about daily for airing and sun bath. A couple of weeks lets grubs become cocoons which break in three weeks. Perfect ants appear. They have to be trained to do their duties.

The ants use their feelers to talk to other ants. They pass on messages through them.

An anthill is a home not for ants alone. Some other creatures like beetles and the green fly also live in it. Some of them give out sweet smell while others give sweet juices. The green fly gives them milk.

Human beings can learn a lot from this small teacher. We can learn from them hard work, sense of duty and discipline, cleanliness, loyalty and care for the young ones.

The Tiny Teacher Summary in Hindi

चींटी बहुत छोटी कीटाणु होती है पर वह बहुत समझदार और परिश्रमी होती है। वह किसी भी मक्खी या केंचुए से अधिक बुद्धिमान होती है। चींटी के जीवन की कहानी बिल्कुल सच नहीं लगती। पर इस चींटी के आचरण को देखने से हम बहुत कुछ सीख सकते हैं।

चींटियाँ काली या लाल होती हैं। वे आराम से लम्बे चौड़े और ऊँचे घरों में रहती हैं जिन्हें घोंसला या टीला कहते हैं। हर घर में सैकड़ों कमरे तथा मार्ग होते हैं। इनमें से कुछेक कक्षों में रानी चींटी अपने अण्डे देती है। अन्य कक्षों में नवजात बच्चों का पालन पोषण होता है। कर्मी तथा सैनिक चींटियाँ अलग-अलग कक्षों में रहती हैं। कुछ कक्ष भण्डार घर का काम करते हैं। कोई भी कर्मी किसी बच्चे को चोट नहीं पहुँचा सकता। वे शांति से रहते हैं। प्रत्येक अपने हिस्से का काम समझदारी और वीरतापूर्वक करती है।

रानी चींटी परिवार की प्रमुख होती है। वह लगभग 15 वर्ष तक जीवित रहती है। उसके दो पंख होते हैं जिन्हें वह अपने विवाह के पश्चात काटकर फेंक देती है। और फिर उसका एक मात्र काम होता है अण्डे देना।

अण्डों को सेते हैं। उनमें से शिशु निकलते हैं। कर्मी चींटियाँ उन्हें भोजन खिलाती हैं तथा उनकी सफाई करती हैं। वे उन्हें हर दिन हवा तथा धूप स्नान के लिये बाहर ले जाती हैं। एक दो सप्ताह पश्चात वे शिशु खोल में बदल जाते हैं जो तीन सप्ताह पश्चात फूटते हैं। फिर पूरी चींटी उनमें से निकल आती है। उन्हें अपना-अपना काम सीखने के लिये प्रशिक्षण दिया जाता है।

चींटियाँ अपने फीलर्स के द्वारा अन्य चींटियों से बातें करती हैं तथा उन्हें संदेश देती हैं।

चींटियों का टीला एक घर होता है जिसमें केवल चींटियाँ ही नहीं रहती हैं बल्कि कुछ अन्य जीव जैसे बीटल्स (बरेला) और ग्रीन फ्लाई भी उसमे रहते हैं। उनमें से कुछेक तो सुगन्ध देते हैं तथा अन्य मधुर रस देती है। ग्रीन फ्लाई उन्हें दूध देती है।

मनुष्य इस छोटी-सी शिक्षिका से कई गुण सीख सकते हैं, हम उनसे परिश्रम करना, कर्त्तव्य पालन करना, अनुशासन, स्वच्छता, वफादारी तथा शिशुओं की देखभाल करना सीख सकते हैं।

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Animal Farm Chapter 6 Summary

Another year passes. The animals worked like slaves. They all believed that they were doing it for their own benefit and that’s why no one complained. The animals are asked to work Sunday afternoons as well. If anyone did not come then their ration would be reduced by half. The harvest was not so good and it was easy to predict that the winter would be a hard one.

Progress on the windmill is laborious and slow. The stones with which it is to be built have to be hauled to the top of the quarry and thrown from there to the bottom, so that the stones can be broken into the appropriate sizes. It takes until the end of the summer to accumulate enough stone to begin building the windmill work which depends almost entirely on the tremendous efforts of Boxer, who works himself harder than ever before.

As the work on the harvest and the windmill proceeds, the animals find themselves running out of supplies. Items such as paraffin, seeds, manure and machinery, could not be produced on the farm. This problem is resolved when Napoleon announces one day that Animal Farm will, henceforth, enter into trading arrangements with some of the surrounding farms.

Hay and wheat from the farm will be sold, and the hens are told that they will have to give up some of their eggs, a sacrifice that they should be proud to make. Some of the animals are doubtful about this move, seeming to remember an agreement in the early days after the Rebellion never to have anything to do with the humans. Again, Squealer puts any doubts to rest in the following days, informing them that such a resolution was never written down.

After this, Napoleon announced that no animal but he himself, will come in contact of the humans and would take the burden upon himself. Mr. Whymper, a solicitor living in Willingdon was appointed for this purpose. Squealer assured the animals that the resolution against engaging in trade and using money was a lie circulated by Snowball. The Solicitor comes every Monday, and his presence makes the other animals very uneasy, but their doubts are eased by their pride in seeing Napoleon giving orders to a human.

Shortly afterwards, the pigs move into the farmhouse. They eat in the kitchen, relax in the drawing room, and even sleep in the beds. Some of the animals are very doubtful about this. Clover consults the Seven Commandments on the gable wall, and asks Muriel to read out the fourth commandment, which states, “No animal shall sleep in a bed with sheets”. Muriel cannot remember sheets being mentioned before. However, helped by the smooth words of Squealer, she assumes that she must have been wrong. She and the other animals accept his argument that the pigs, as the leaders, must have as much comfort as possible to facilitate their brain work. The pigs even started to sleep an extra hour.

The work on the windmill continues. The animals are all extremely proud of their progress, except for Benjamin, who expresses no opinion for or against the windmill. By November, the windmill is half finished. However, disaster strikes when a night time storm destroys it. The animals all gather around the ruin. Napoleon is silent for a long time, before making the sudden and dramatic announcement that the windmill was destroyed by Snowball. Some pig footprints leading away from the farm are discovered, and Napoleon confirms that they belong to Snowball. The other animals are shocked that their former leader could do such a thing. Napoleon announces that work on rebuilding the windmill will commence immediately.

Animal Farm Chapter 6 Summary Word Meanings

• Indignation – A feeling of righteous anger
• Intermediary – A negotiator who acts as a link between parties
• Scapegoat – Someone who is punished for the errors of others
• Vague – Lacking clarity or distinctness
• Accentuate – Stress or single out as important
• Malignity – The act of being evil in nature or effect
• Plod – Walk slowly with heavy steps
• Quarry – A place, typically a large deep pit, from which stone or other materials are extracted
• Boulder – A large rock
• Timidly – In a manner that shows a lack of courage or confidence

Animal Farm Chapter 6 Summary Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow :
All that year the animals worked like slaves. But they were happy in their work, they grudged no effort or sacrifice, well aware that everything that they did was for the benefit of themselves and those of their kind who would come after them and not for a pack of idle thieving human beings. Throughout the spring and summer they worked a sixty-hours week, and in August.
(i) What did Napoleon announce in August ?
(ii) How much time had elapsed since the constitution of the Animal Farm? As summer wore on, what unforeseen shortages began to be felt ?
(iii) What new policy did Napoleon make? The new policy brought a vague uneasiness among the animals.
What did they recall?
(iv) Who had agreed to act as an intermediary between the Animal Farm and the outside world ? Describe him.
(v) What roused the pride of the animals and made them reconcile to the new arrangement? In the meanwhile, what sudden decision was taken by the pigs? What do we learn about Napoleon at this juncture?
Answer:
(i) In August, Napoleon announced that there would be work on Sunday afternoons as well. This work was strictly voluntary, but any animal who absented himself from it would have his rations reduced by half. Even so, it was found necessary to leave certain tasks undone.

(ii) As the summer wore on, various unforeseen shortages began to make themselves felt. There was need of paraffin oil, nails, string, dog biscuits, and iron for the horses’ shoes, none of which could be produced on the farm. Later there would also be need for seeds, artificial manures, besides various tools and, finally, the machinery for the windmill.

(iii) From now onwards, Animal Farm would engage in trade with the neighbouring farms : not, of course, for any commercial purpose, but simply in order to obtain certain materials which were urgently necessary. The need of the windmill must over-ride everything else, Napoleon said.

He was, therefore making arrangements to sell a stack of hay and part of the current year’s wheat crop, and later on, if more money was needed, it would have to be made up by the sale of eggs, for which there was always a market in Willingdon. The hens, said Napoleon, should welcome this sacrifice as their own special contribution towards the building of the windmill. The animals were conscious of a vague uneasiness. Never to have any dealings with human beings, never to engage in trade, never to make use of money. All the animals remembered passing such resolutions or at least they thought that they remembered it.

(iv) Mr. Whimper, a solicitor living in Wellington, had agreed to act as an intermediary between Animal Farm and the outside world, and would visit the farm every Monday morning to receive his instructions.He was a sly-looking little man with side whiskers, a solicitor in a very small way of business, but sharp enough to have realized earlier than anyone else that Animal Farm would need a broker and that the commissions would be worth having.

(v) The sight of Napoleon, on all fours, delivering orders to Whimper, who stood on two legs, roused their pride and partly reconciled them to the new arrangements. The pigs not only took their meals in the kitchen and used the drawing-room as a recreation room, but also slept in the beds. Napoleon was finding his ways by breaking Seven Commandments, one after another and for gaining total power, he was exploiting all animals the Animal Farm, and earning money out of it.

Question 2.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow :
“Afterwards Squealer made a round of the farm and set the animals’ minds rest.”
(i) What had taken place to disturb the animals’ peace of mind ?
(ii) What did Squealer say in order to put the animals’ mind at rest ?
(iii) Were the animals convinced with his argument ?
(iv) Which important development took place regarding the pigs immediately after this incident ?
(v) Do you think this incident violated any of the Seven Commandments? If yes, which Commandment was
violated?
Answer:
(i) Napoleon’s announcement of a new policy of trading with neighbouring farms for essential material disturbed the animals’ peace of mind, because dealing with human beings was against their early resolutions.

(ii) Squealer assured the animals that the resolution against engaging in trade and using money had never been passed, or even suggested. It was pure imagination probably traceable in the beginning to the lies circulated by Snowball.

(iii) Few animals still felt faintly doubtful about the matter, but Squealer asked them shrewdly, “Are you certain that this is not something that you have dreamed, Comrades ? Have you any record of such a resolution ? Is it written down anywhere? “And since it was certainly true that nothing of the kind existed in writing, the animals were satisfied that they had been mistaken. This put all the animals’ mind at rest.

(iv) Around this time, it was noticed that the pigs suddenly moved into the farmhouse and took up their residence there. They ate in the kitchen, relaxed in the drawing room and slept in the beds.

(v) Yes, this incident had violated one of the Seven Commandments. It was the violation of the Fourth Commandment “No animal shall sleep in a bed”.

Question 3.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow.
Once again the animals were conscious of a vague uneasiness. Never to have had not these been among the earliest resolutions passed at that first triumphant. Meeting after Jones was expelled ? All the animals remembered passing such resolutions : or at least they thought that they remembered it.
(i) Why were the animals feeling uneasy ?
(ii) What happened just after this extract ?
(iii) What were the Seven Commandments the animals abided by ?
(iv) The animals were feeling uneasy but Napoleon had already made arrangements. What arrangements had he made ?
(v) Just before the extract, what had Napoleon asked the hens to do ?
Answer:
(i) One Sunday morning, when the animals assembled to receive their orders, Napoleon announced that he had decided upon a new policy. From now onwards, Animal Farm would engage in trade with the neighbouring farms. This announcement made the animals uneasy.

(ii) Just after this extract, the four young pigs who had protested when Napoleon abolished the meeting raised their voices timidly, but they were promptly silenced by a tremendous growling from the dogs. Then, as usual, the sheep broke into ‘Four legs good, two legs bad!’

(iii) The Seven Commandments of the Animal Farm were

• Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy.
• Whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings, is a friend.
• No animal shall wear clothes.
• No animals shall sleep in a bed.
• No animal shall drink alcohol.
• No animal shall kill any other animal.
• All animals are equal.

(iv) Napoleon informed the other animals that there would be no need for any of the animals to come in contact with human beings, which would clearly be most undesirable. He intended to take the whole burden upon his own shoulders. Mr. Whymper, a solicitor living in Willingdon, had agreed to act as intermediary between Animal Farm and the outside world, and would visit the farm every Monday-morning to receive his instructions.

(v) Napoleon announced that the needs of the windmill would override everything. He was, therefore, making arrangements to sell a stack of hay and part of the current year’s wheat crop, and later on, if more money was needed, it would have to be made up by the sale of eggs, for which there was always a market in Willingdon. The hens, said Napoleon, should welcome this sacrifice as their own special contribution towards the building of the windmill.

Question 4.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow.
The windmill presented unexpected difficulties. There was a good quarry of limestone on the farm, and plenty of sand and cement had been problem the animals could not at first solve was how to break up the stone into pieces of suitable size.
(i) Who had presented the idea of the windmill ?
(ii) How was the windmill going to help the animals of the farm ?
(iii) Why had Napoleon protested the windmill initially ?
(iv) How did humans solve the problem of breaking the stone ?
(v) Why did the animals not solve problems like humans ? What solution did they come up with ?
found in one of the outhouses, so that all the materials for building were at hand. But the
Answer:
(i) Snowball, the pig, had presented the idea of the windmill. It was his dream project. However, it also became the reason for his downfall.

(ii) Snowball had the dream of building a windmill for the Animal Farm. He told the animals that after the windmill gets completed, the animals would have electricity and then they would have more comfortable lives as most of their work would get completed much earlier and more efficiently.

(iii) It is not clear why Napoleon had protested the building of the windmill initially. It seems that he was always against Snowball’s thoughts and that might have prompted him to go against the idea of the windmill also. But later, he told the animals of the farm that they indeed needed the windmill.

(iv) The animals needed to break the stone in order to build the windmill. However, they were not able to do so as the humans did it by picks and crowbars and the animals were not able to operate these tools without standing on their hind legs.

(v) After weeks of vain effort, the right idea occur to somebody – was, to utilise the force of gravity. Huge boulders, far too big to be used as they were, lying all over the bed of the quarry. The animals lashed ropes round these, and then all together, cows, horses, sheep, any animal that could lay hold of the rope – even the pigs sometimes joined in at critical moments. They dragged them with desperate slowness up the slope to the top of the quarry, where they were toppled over the edge, to shatter to pieces below. Transporting the stone when it was once broken was comparatively simple.

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A Tiger in the House Summary in English by Ruskin Bond

A Tiger in the House by Ruskin Bond About the Poet

Poet Name	Ruskin Bond
Born	19 May 1934 (age 85 years), Kasauli
Education	Bishop Cotton School Shimla (1950)
Movies and TV shows	7 Khoon Maaf, The Blue Umbrella, The Black Cat, Junoon, Ek Tha Rusty II
Awards	Padma Bhushan, Padma Shri
Parents	Aubrey Bond, Edith Clarke

A Tiger in the House Summary in English

Timothy, the tiger cub, was discovered by Grandfather in the Terai jungle. One day he was going with the hunting party. He noticed a little tiger hiding under a banyan tree. He brought it home.

At first the cub was brought up only on milk. But it couldn’t digest it. So it was given a diet of meat, pigeons and rabbits.

Timothy had two companions in the house. Toto, the monkey, and a puppy, who was mischievous. It pulled the cub’s tail. Timothy was at first quite afraid of the puppy. Finally it allowed the dog to sit on its back. One of its favourite sport was to move silently and closer towards the narrator. It soon grew to the size of a hunting dog. People on the road kept a safe distance from it. It had clean habits like a cat. It slept at night in the cook’s quarters.

As Timothy grew up, it became less friendly and rather dangerous. Grandmother declared that one day it would kill the cook, Mahmoud. It started going after a cat or a pet dog. It had to be chained up more often. Grandfather decided it was time to transfer it to the zoo at Lucknow. The zoo authorities received the gift of a well-fed tiger gladly.

Six months passed. Grandparents went to Lucknow to meet some relatives. Grandfather decided to see Timothy. He made straight for the cage in which it had been kept. He said Tiello’ to the beast and even put his both hands around its head. He patted it and tickled its ears. He hit it lightly whenever it growled. But the leopard in the next cage growled at it and terrified it.

A keeper asked grandfather what he was doing. Grandfather told him that he had gifted that tiger to the zoo six months ago. Now it was time to say good bye to it. He had been striking and slapping it lovingly. Another keeper watched this with alarm. He remembered that Grandfather had brought a tiger to the zoo some time back. But he told him that Timothy had died two months ago of pneumonia. The tiger in that cage was very dangerous and had been trapped only the previous month.

The tiger was still licking Grandfather’s arm with relish. Grandfather withdrew his hand slowly from the cage and left the zoo silently.

A Tiger in the House Summary in Hindi

टिमोथी, शेर के बच्चे को दादा जी ने तराई के जंगल में पाया था। एक दिन वह शिकारी दल के साथ जा रहे थे। उन्हें यह बच्चा एक बरगद के वृक्ष के नीचे छिपता दिखाई दिया। वह इसे घर ले आये।

पहले तो बच्चे को केवल दूध पर पाला गया। पर वह इसे हजम न कर सका। इस कारण उसे माँस, कबूतर तथा खरगोश दिये गये।

टिमोथी के घर पर दो साथी थे। पहला था टोटो बन्दर और दूसरा पिल्ला, जो शरारती था। वह उसकी पूँछ पकड़ कर खींचता था। टिमोथी पहले तो पिल्ले से डरता था। पर अंतत: उसने कुत्ते को अपनी पीठ पर सवार हो जाने दिया। बच्चे का प्रिय खेल था चुपचाप वर्णनकर्ता के पीछे नजदीक आ जाना। वह शीघ्र ही एक शिकारी कुत्ते के आकार का हो गया। सड़क पर लोग उसके रास्ते से हट जाते थे। उसकी आदत थी बिल्ली की भाँति मुँह को साफ रखना। रात को वह कुक या रसोइया के कमरे में सोता था।

जैसे-जैसे टिमोथी बड़ा होता गया, वह मित्र के बजाय खतरनाक अधिक हो गया। दादी ने कहा कि किसी दिन वह रसोइया महमूद को ही मार देगा। उसने बिल्ली अथवा पालतू कुत्ते के भी पीछे भागना शुरु कर दिया। उसे अक्सर जंजीर से बाँधकर रखना पड़ता था। दादा जी ने सोचा कि अब इसे लखनऊ के चिड़ियाघर में पहुँचाना होगा। वहां के अधिकारियों ने इस स्वस्थ शेर को लेना सहर्ष स्वीकार कर लिया।

छह माह पश्चात दादा दादी जी किसी सगे संबंधी से मिलने लखनऊ गये। दादा जी ने सोचा टिमोथी से मिल लिया जाये। वह सीधा उस पिंजरे की ओर गये जहां टिमोथी को रखा गया था। उन्होंने हेलो बोला और अपने दोनों हाथ उसके सिर पर रख दिये। उसे थपथपाया तथा कानों को सहलाया। जब भी वह गुर्राया उन्होंने उसे हल्के से चपत भी लगा दी। पर बगल के पिंजरे में बंद लकड़बध्या उस पर गुर्राता तथा उसे डराता रहता था।

एक देखभाल करने वाले कर्मचारी ने दादा से पूछा कि वह क्या कर रहा है। दादा ने उसे वहाँ बताया कि छह महीने पूर्व उसने बाघ को चिड़ियाघर में उपहार के रुप में (सौंप) दिया था। थोड़ी देर बाद दादा उसे अलविदा कहने के लिए पिंजरे के पास आया। वह प्यार से उसे थपथपा रहे थे। एक अन्य देखभाल कर्मचारी ने इस खेल को भयभीत होकर देखा। उसे याद आ गया कि दादा जी एक पालतू शेर को कभी यहाँ लाये थे। पर उसने बताया कि टिमोथी तो दो माह पूर्व ही निमोनिया से मर गया था। उस पिंजरे में बंद शेर तो बहुत खतरनाक है तथा उसे पिछले माह ही पकड़ा गया था।

शेर अभी भी दादा जी का हाथ स्वाद लेकर चाट रहा था। दादा जी ने अपना हाथ धीरे से पिंजरे के बाहर खींच लिया तथा वहां से चुपचाप बाहर निकल आये।

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Animal Farm Chapter 5 Summary

As the winter drew on, Mollie becomes an increasing burden on Animal Farm. She arrives late for work every morning and gives excuses of oversleeping etc. Clover went to her stall and found lumps of sugar and several bunches of ribbons of different colours. She accepts treats from men associated with nearby farms, and generally behaves contrary to the tenets of Animalism. Eventually she disappears, lured away by a fat, red-faced man who stroked her coat and fed her sugar; now she pulls his carriage. None of the other animals ever mention her name again.

In January, the weather was cold and bitter and nothing could be done in the fields. The pigs were busy planning out the work for the coming season. Meetings were held in the big barn. Snowball and Napoleon’s constant disagreements continued to dominate the proceedings. Snowball proves himself a better speaker and debater, but Napoleon can better canvass for support in between meetings. Snowball brims with ideas for improving the farm. He studies Mr. Jones books and eventually concocts a scheme to build a windmill, with which the animals could generate electricity and automate many farming tasks, bringing new comforts to the animals’ lives.

But building the windmill would entail much hard work and difficulty, and Napoleon contents that the animals should attend to their current needs rather than plan for a distant future. The question deeply divides the animals. Napoleon surveys Snowball’s plans and expresses his contempt by urinating on them. Then there was difference of opinion relating to the defence of the farm. Snowball wanted to spread Rebellion and Napoleon wanted to procure firearms and train themselves.

The days of voting for the windmill came. Napoleon was not at all excited but Snowball impressed everybody with his speech. Napoleon gives a strange whimper, and nine enormous dogs wearing brass : studded collars charge into the barn, attack Snowball, and chase him off the farm. They return to Napoleons’ side, and with the dogs growling menacingly, Napoleon announces that, from now on, meetings will be held only for ceremonial purposes. He states that all important decisions will fall to the pigs alone.

Afterwards, many of the animals felt confused and disturbed. Squealer explains to them that Napoleon is making a great sacrifice in taking the leadership responsibilities upon himself and that as the cleverest animal, he serves the best interest of all by making the decisions. These statements placate the animals, though they still question the expulsion of Snowball. Squealer explains that Snowball was a traitor and a Criminal. Eventually, the animals come to accept this version of events, and Boxer adds greatly to Napoleon’s prestige by adopting the maxims “I will work harder” and “Napoleon is always right”.

These two maxims soon reinforce each other when, three weeks after the banishment of Snowball, the animals learn that Napoleon supports the Windmill Project. Squealer explains that their leader never really opposed the proposal, he simply used his apparent opposition as a manoeuvre to oust the wicked Snowball. These tactics he claims, served to advance the collective best interest. Squealers’ words proved so appealing, and the growls of his three dogs entourage so threatening, that the animals accept his explanation without question.

Animal Farm Chapter 5 Summary Word Meaning

• Blithely – In a way that shows a casual and cheerful indifference considered to be callous or improper
• Manifestly – In a way that is clear or obvious to the eye or mind
• Acreage – An area of land, typically when used for agricultural purposes, but not necessarily measured in acres
• Silage – Grass or other green fodder compacted and stored in airtight conditions
• Advocate – A person who pleads for a person, cause or idea
• Eloquence – Powerful and effective language
• Pretext – Something serving to conceal plans
• Procure – Get by special effort
• Sordid – Foul and Repulsive
• Spurt – Move with a sudden burst of speed

Animal Farm Chapter 5 Summary Questions and Answer

Question 1.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow.
Snow ball had made a close study of some back numbers of the Farmers and Stock breeder which he had found in the farmhouse, and was full of plans for innovations and improvements.Napoleon produced no schemes of his own, but said quietly that Snowball’s would come to nothing, and seemed to be biding his time. But of all their controversies, none was so bitter as the one that took place over the wind mill.
(i) In what ways, according to Snowball, would the building of a windmill make the lives of the animals easier?
(ii) How did the animals respond to the idea of building a windmill?
(iii) What did Napoleon do just before the animals could vote on Snowball’s Windmill proposal? What was the outcome of his action?
(iv) What did Napoleon announce after Snowball’s expulsion?
(v) Compare the character traits of Napoleon and Snowball. Show how the Windmill controversy led to the confrontation that had been building since the start of the novel.
Answer:
(i) Snowball had the dream of building a Windmill for the Animal Farm. He told the animals that after the Windmill gets completed, the animals would have electricity and then they would have more comfortable lives as most of their work would get completed much earlier and more efficiently.

(ii) The animals were greatly excited as they had never heard of anything like this before. They enjoyed the explanation given by Snowball on the Windmill and imagined the machines doing their work, while they grazed comfortably or improved their minds with reading and conversation.

(iii) Napoleon had rejected the idea of Windmill from the outset and showed his disdain by urinating on Snowball’s plans. On the day of voting, Napoleon was not excited but Snowball impressed everybody with his speech. Suddenly, Napoleon gives a strange whimper; and nine enormous dogs wearing brass- studded collars charge into the barn, attack Snowball and chase him off the farm.

(iv) After Snowball’s expulsion; Napoleon announces that from now on, meetings will be held only for ceremonial purposes. He states that all important decisions will fall to the pigs alone.

(v) Both Napoleon and Snowball have similar intelligence traits. Both could read and write perfectly. Snowball had written all the windmill plans with careful thinking and use of time. Napoleon had used his knowledge to write a fake letter said to be written by Snowball to have agreed to be a secret agent to the Foxwood farm.

Both of them were the most active in the speeches and planning. Both wanted to establish a social and economic system and be the leader of the farm.But the difference was that, Napoleon wanted to become a dictator and didn’t care for the animals. But Snowball was for Animalism, which was freedom and equal treatment for all animals.

Snow ball’s belief is that the windmill would make the lives of the animals better- Napoleon doesn’t have any particular strong reason for opposing the windmill except that he doesn’t want Snowball to gain power by, proposing it and gaining the animals’ support. Thus, windmill becomes an issue where the two confront ‘ each other and the controversy which was building from the beginning, gets a chance to explode.

Question 2.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow.
This arrangement would have worked well enough if it had not been for the disputes between Snowball and Napoleon. These two disagreed at every point where disagreement was possible.
(i) What ‘arrangement’ has been mentioned here?
(ii) Which was the bitterest dispute between them?
(iii) How did Napoleon express his dissent for the dispute?
(iv) What was the outcome of the bitterest dispute?
(v) What did Napoleon do after the outcome of the dispute?
Answer:
(i) It had come to be accepted that the pigs, who were manifestly cleverer than the other animals, should decide all questions of farm policy, though their decisions had to be ratified by a majority vote. This arrangement is being talked about here.

(ii) Snowball and Napoleon could not agree on any point. They disagreed at every point where disagreement was possible. However, of all their controversies, none was so bitter as the one that took place over the windmill.

(iii) One day, Napoleon arrived unexpectedly to examine the plan. He walked heavily round the shed, looked closely at every detail of the plan and snuffed at them once or twice, then stood for a little while contemplating them out of the corner of his eye; then suddenly he lifted his leg, urinated over the plan, and walked out without uttering a word.

(iv) The day for casting the vote for the windmill came. Snowball, as usual, presented a beautiful speech and swayed the audience in his favour. However, he had not even finished when Napoleon gave out a loud whimper and nine ferocious dogs came running after Snowball. They did not stop until they had made Snowball run out of the farm to save his life.

(v) Napoleon, with the dogs following him, mounted on to the raised portion of the floor where Major had previously stood to deliver his speech. He announced that from now on, the Sunday-morning meeting would come to an end. They were unnecessary, he said, and wasted time. In future, all questions relating to the working of the farm would be settled by a special committee of pigs, presided over by himself. They would meet in private and afterwards communicate their decisions to the others.

Question 3.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow :
“At this there was a terrible baying sound outside, and nine enormous dogs wearing brass-studded collars came bounding into the bam. They dashed straight for Snowball, who only sprang from his place just in time to escape their snapping jaws”.
(i) What has just happened?
(ii) Who brings these dogs and commands them to oust Snowball from the farm?
(iii) What is the motive behind him getting these dogs?
(iv) What happens after this event takes place?
(v) What was the propagation?
Answer:
(i) When Snowball’s windmill plan was completed, everyone was asked to vote whether the plan should be put to work or not. Napoleon opposed it and advised everyone not to vote for it. Snowball pleaded for it to be put in use until the animals got confused and did not know who to vote for. During all this mayhem, suddenly nine huge dogs came and attacked Snowball. He ran out of the farm and managed to escape and was never to be seen anymore.

(ii) Napoleon had trained these dogs. He had taken them away when they were little puppies and now they were fully grown dogs. He took the puppies and trained them on his own.

(iii) Napoleon’s motive behind bringing these dogs was to establish his power and control over the animals. This shows that he was more powerful and could get anything done through the dogs he had trained.

(iv) The most important thing which came out of this incident was that, it was decided by Napoleon that the Sunday meeting wouldn’t be held anymore. All the matters would be decided by a special committee of pigs and Napoleon would preside over it. Some animals protested that they had a right to discuss matters but the dogs, with their deep and menacing growls, silenced all of them.

(v) It was propagated that loyalty and obedience were to be given more importance than bravery and courage. Boxer, like other animals learnt the maxim : “Napoleon is always right”.

Question 4.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow :
“The animals had never heard of anything of this kind before, and they listened in astonishment while Snowball conjured up pictures of fantastic machines which would do their work for them while they grazed at their ease in the
(i) What were the animals excited about?
(ii) Whose idea was it?
(iii) What was Napoleon’s reaction to this idea?
(iv) How would this make their life easier?
(v) What could the animals do when this invention was put to use?
Answer:
(i) The animals were very excited to hear Snowball’s different projects about the windmill and supply of electrical power on the farm.

(ii) It was Snowball’s idea.

(iii) Napoleon held himself aloof. He has declared himself against the plan of the windmill from the starting. One day, he arrived unexpectedly to examine the plans. He looked at every detail of the plan and in the end, he urinated over the plan, and walked out without uttering a word.

(iv) Snowball declared that much labour would be saved so that the animals would only need to work three days a week. The electrical power would light the stalls and warm them in winter, and would also run a circular saw, a chaff-cutter, a mangle-slicer and an electric milking machine would ease their life.

(v) When this invention will be put to use, their lives will become easy, electric machineries

We have decided to create the most comprehensive English Summary that will help students with learning and understanding.

Animal Farm Chapter 4 Summary

The news of Animal Farm Rebellion has spread to the surrounding country. Snowball and Napoleon are sending pigeons to the neighbouring farms and beyond, to tell the animals about the rebellion, and to teach them the tune of “Beasts of England”. Mr. Jones had spent a lot of time at the Red Lion complaining to everyone about the “Monstrous injustice he had suffered from a pack of good-for-nothing animals.” The owners of the two adjoining farms, Foxwood and Mr. Pilkington, started spreading rumours about the Animal Farms that, animals there practised cannibalism and tortured one another with red horseshoes.

These stories were never fully believed and caused a wave of rebelliousness throughout the countryside. The tune and words of “Beasts of England” were heard everywhere and started spreading at a remarkable speed. Early one day in October, a flight of pigeons came and gave news that Jones, all his men, and half a dozen men from the neighbouring farms, had entered the five barred gate and were carrying sticks and Jones was carrying gun in his hand. They had come to recapture the farm. The animals, however were well prepared. Snowball had studied an old book of Julius Caesar and had a strategy in his mind.

Even though Jones was armed with a gun, the humans were no match for the forces of the Animal Farm. Jones was able to kill one of the sheep but the humans were brutally beaten up and fled. Boxer had nearly killed a man but it was later found out that he was merely stunned and left the place in their absence. After the war, Mollie was found missing and everyone feared that the men might have harmed her in some way. But in the end, they found her hiding in the stall with her head buried among the hay in the manger. She fled the battle as soon as the gun
went off.

The animals assembled with the wildest excitement to celebrate their victory. The flag is raised, “Beasts of England” is sung.. A medal for “Animal Hero First class” is created and awarded to Snowball. And a medal for “Animal Hero, Second Class” is created, and awarded to a sheep that died when Jones fired his gun. The dead sheep was given a solemn funeral. After much discussion the battle was named as the “Battle of the Cowshed”, and it was decided that Jones’ gun should be placed at the bottom of the flagstaff, to be fired twice a year, one on the anniversary of the Battle of Cowshed and other on the anniversary of the Rebellion.

Animal Farm Chapter 4 Summary Word Meanings:

• Cannibalism – The practice of eating the flesh of one’s own species
• Flogging – Beating someone with a whip or stick as a punishment
• Elm – A tall deciduous tree which typically has rough leaves and propagates from root suckers
• Ignominious – Deserving or causing public disgrace or shame
• Gored – Pierce or stab with a horn or tusk
• Hawthorn – A thorny shrub or tree of the rose family, with white or red blossom and small red fruits
• Impromptu – Done without being planned or rehearsed
• Posthumously – After the death of the originator

Animal Farm Chapter 4 Summary Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow.
Most of this time Mr. Jones had spent sitting in the taproom of the Red Lion at Willingdon, complaining to anyone who would listen of the monstrous injustice he had suffered at being turned out of his property by a pack of good-for- nothing animals.
(i) What is the ‘monstrous injustice’ that Jones is talking about?
(ii) How had the ‘monstrous injustice’ occurred?
(iii) How did the other farmers react to the injustice done to Jones ?
(iv) What were Snowball and Napoleon doing to spread the injustice ?
(v) After this extract, two of the owners of the adjoining farms have been mentioned. Describe both of them in your own words.
Answer:
(i) Jones was the owner of the Manor Farm. However, he did not care much for his animals and one day, the animals rebelled against him. He was thrown out of his own farm and then Animal Farm was established. This was the ‘monstrous injustice’ that Jones was talking about.

(ii) Jones used to be a good farmer once, but lately, he had fallen for ill ways. He did not care for his farm or the animals. The animals were starving. One day, he got too drunk and slept without feeding them. The animals were unable to bear the hunger and in unison, broke away from their sheds and chased away Jones from the farm.

(iii) The other farmers sympathised in principle, but they did not at first give him much help. At heart, each of them was secretly wondering whether he could not somehow turn Jones’ misfortune to his own advantage.

(iv) Every day Snowball and Napoleon sent out flights of pigeons whose instructions were to mingle with the animals on neighbouring farms, tell them the story of the Rebellion, and teach them the tune of “Beasts of England.”

(v) The owner of Foxwood was Mr. Pilkington, an easy-going gentleman farmer who spent most of his time in fishing or hunting according to the season. The other farm was called ‘Pinchfield’. Its owner was Mr. Frederick, a tough, shrewd man, perpetually involved in lawsuits and with a name for driving hard bargains.

Question 2.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow :
“This had long been expected, and all preparations had been made. Snowball who had studied an old book of Julius Caesar’s campaigns which he had found in the farm – house was in charge of the defensive operations.”
(i) What had they been long expecting?
(ii) What were the preparations made for “this?
(iii) Who was responsible for the defence options ?
(iv) Did they finally succeed in “this”?
(v) What were the important changes which took place after “this” had been accomplished?
Answer:
(i) Jones attempt of recapturing the Manor Farm was long expected by the animals on Animal Farm.

(ii) Meanwhile, Snowball had studied an old book of Julius Caesar’s campaigns and made a strategy against Jones recapturing the farm.

(iii) Snowball was in charge for the defensive operations.

(iv) Yes, all the animals finally succeeded in driving Jones and all his men out of the Animal Farm.

(v) After “this’ had been accomplished, the Manor Farm totally changed into Animal Farm. Their dream came true and they proved themselves more powerful than men. They managed the farm all by themselves and become powerful monsters themselves.

Question 3.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow.
This had long been expected, and all preparations had been made. Snowball, who had studied an old book of Julius Caesars campaigns which he had found in the farmhouse, was in charge of the defensive operations. He gave his order quickly, and in a couple of minutes every animal was at his post.
(i) What had long been expected ?
(ii) Who was Snowball ?
(iii) What was the outcome of ‘this’ ?
(iv) Which farm is being mentioned here ? To whom did it belong ?
(v) Just after this extract, what was the first thing that Snowball does ?
Answer:
(i) It had long been expected that Jones would attack the farm in the near future. Hence, Snowball was well prepared for it in advance.

(ii) Snowball was one of the cleverest pigs, who won the loyalty of the other animals by his decision for the betterment of the farm. He failed to see the sinister thoughts of Napoleon who easily chased him away from the first.

(iii) The outcome of the attack by Jones and his men was that, they were all beaten up and chased away from the farm. Although, the animals had won the battle, they had lost one of the sheeps.

(iv) The farm that is being mentioned here is the Animal Farm. Initially, it was named as the Manor Farm and had belonged to Jones. However, after he was overthrown, the farm was renamed to Animal Farm and was now owned by the animals.

(v) As the human beings approached the farm building, Snowball launched his first attack. All the pigeons, to the number of thirty-five, flew to and fro over the men’s head and muted upon them from mid-air ; and while the men were dealing with this, the geese, who had been hiding behind the hedge, rushed out and pecked viciously at the calves of their legs.