Students can access the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Social Science with Solutions and marking scheme Set 1 will help students in understanding the difficulty level of the exam.
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Social Science Set 1 with Solutions
Time: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 80
General Instructions:
(i) Question paper comprises five Sections – A, B, C, D and E. There are 32 questions in the question paper. All questions are compulsory.
(ii) Section A – Question no. 1 to 16 are Objective Type Questions of 1 mark each.
(iii) Section B – Question no. 17 to 22 are short answer type questions, carrying 3 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 80 words.
(iv) Section C – Question no. 23 to 26 are source based questions, carrying 4 marks each.
(v) Section D – Question no. 27 to 31 are long answer type questions, carrying 5 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 120 words.
(vi) Section E – Question no. 32 is map based, carrying 5 marks with two parts, 32.1 from History (2 marks) and 32.2 from Geography (3 marks).
(vii) There is no overall choice in the question paper. However, an internal choice has been provided in few questions. Only one of the choices in such questions have to be attempted.
(viii) In addition to this, separate instructions are given with each section and question, wherever
Section-A
Question 1.
Identify the correct statement about the liberal nationalists of Europe from the options given below.
(a) They emphasised the concept of government by the consent of the people.
(b) They criticized the glorification of science.
(c) They created a sense of collective heritage.
(d) They did not stood for the freedom of markets.
Answer:
(a) They emphasised the concept of government by the consent of the people.
Question 2.
What did Germania symbolise?
(a) French nation
(b) German nation
(c) British nation
(d) Greek nation
Answer:
(b) German nation
Question 3.
What does Satyagraha mean?
(a) Fight against injustice
(b) Complete independence
(c) Following the path of truth and non-violence
(d) All of these
Answer:
(c) Following the path of truth and non-violence
Question 4.
Fill in the blank:
India is the …………. largest producer of sugar in the world.
Or
Tourism in ………… has grown over the last three decades.
Answer:
second
Or
India
Question 5.
Choose the correctly matched pair about the ports of India from the following options:
(a) Kandla – Rajasthan
(b) Marmagao – Kerala
(c) Paradwip – Odisha
(d) Tuticorin – West Bengal
Answer:
(c) Paradwip – Odisha
Question 6.
Fill in the blank:
Tea and coffee: Laterite soils, Maize and pulses: Arid soils, …………….. : Black soils
(a) Rubber and coconut
(b) Barley and spices
(c) Cotton and jowar
(d) Wheat and cinchona
Answer:
(c) Cotton and jowar
Question 7.
Identify the crop with the help of the following features.
- A tropical as well as a sub-tropical crop.
- Grows well in hot and humid climate.
- India is the second largest producer after Brazil.
Answer:
Sugarcane
Question 8.
The first jute mill was set up near Calcutta (now Kolkata) at Rishra in
(a) 1955
(b) 1947
(c) 1855
(d) 1856
Answer:
(c) 1855
Question 9.
The …………… is a national party.
(a) Aam Aadmi Party
(b) Rashtriya Janata Dal
(c) Samajwadi Party
(d) Bharatiya Janata Party
Answer:
(d) Bharatiya Janata Party
Question 10.
Which community was relatively rich and powerful in Belgium?
Or
Why is power sharing good?
Answer:
The minority French-speaking community was relatively rich and powerful in Belgium.
Or
Power sharing reduces the possibility of conflict between different social groups.
Question 11.
Why do parties sometimes launch movements?
Or
Which form of government is considered the best?
Answer:
Parties sometimes launch movements for the resolution of problems faced by people.
Or
Democracy is the most popular form of government in the contemporary set up.
Question 12.
Read the given data and find out which country is at the top regarding GNI and HDI rank in
the world.
Source: Human Development Report, 2018, United Nations Development Programme, New York
(a) Nepal
(b) India
(c) Pakistan
(d) Sri Lanka
Answer:
(d) Sri Lanka
Question 13.
Read the information given below and select the correct option.
Kanta works in an office. She attends her office from 9:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. She gets her salary regularly at the end of every month. In addition to the salary, she also gets provident fund as per the rule laid down by the government. She also gets medical and other allowances. Kanta does not go to office on Sundays. This is a paid holiday. When she joined work, she was given an appointment letter starting all the terms and conditions of work.
Like Kanta, people who work in the organised sector-
(a) do not worry about medical benefits and pensions
(b) do not get security of employment
(c) do not get overtime
(d) are not sure about their paid leaves, medical benefits, etc.
Or
Many people work in the unorganised sector. Which of the following statements about this sector is correct?
(a) It provides medical benefits.
(b) It ensures security of employment.
(c) It is one where the terms of employment are regular.
(d) Jobs are low paid and some kind of work is seasonal in nature.
Answer:
(a) do not worry about medical benefits and pensions
Or
(d) Jobs are low paid and some kind of work is seasonal in nature.
Question 14.
Who supervises the functioning of formal source of loans?
(a) Reserve Bank of India
(b) State Bank of India
(c) Central Bank of India
(d) Moneylenders
Answer:
(a) Reserve Bank of India
Question 15.
Read the following statements in context of the ‘foreign trade’ and choose the correct
option.
(a) Foreign trade implies exchange of goods and services across the countries.
(b) It helps to expand the size of market for producers.
(c) Producers and consumers can get commodities produced in any part of the world.
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(d) All of the above
Question 16.
In the question given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason
(R) Read the statements and choose the correct option:
Assertion (A): MNCs have been attracted towards the Indian market.
Reason (R): The Government of India has allowed flexibility in labour laws.
Options:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Answer:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Section-B
Question 17.
Who had designed the ‘swaraj flag’ by 1921? Explain the main features of this ‘swaraj flag’.
Answer:
By 1921, Mahatma Gandhi had designed the ‘swaraj flag’.
During the Swadeshi movement in Bengal, a tricolour flag (red, green and yellow) was designed. It had eight lotuses representing eight provinces of British India and a crescent moon, representing Hindus and Muslims. In 1921, the Gandhiji’s designed swaraj flag was again a tricolour (red, green and white) and had a shining wheel at the centre, that representating the Gandhian ideal of self-help. Carrying the ‘swaraj flag’, holding it aloft, during marches became a symbol of defiance.
Question 18.
Describe the events of the French Revolution which had influenced the people belonging to
other parts of Europe.
Or
Why in the years after 1848, the autocrats of Central and Eastern Europe began to introduce the changes that had already taken place in Western Europe before 1815? Explain.
Answer:
- When the news of the events in France reached the different cities of Europe, students and other members of educated middle-classes began setting up Jacobin clubs.
- Their activities and campaigns prepared the way for the French armies which moved into Holland, Belgium, Switzerland and much of Italy in the 1790s.
- With the outbreak of the revolutionary wars, the French armies began to carry the idea of nationalism abroad.
Or
- Though conservative forces were able to suppress liberal movements in 1848, they could not restore the old order. Monarchs were beginning to realise that the cycles or revolution and repression could only be ended by granting concessions to the liberal-nationalist revolutionaries.
- Hence, in the years after 1848, the autocratic monarchies of Central and Eastern Europe began to introduce the changes that had already taken place in Western Europe before 1815.
- Thus, serfdom and bonded labour were abolished both in the Habsburg dominations and in Russia. The Habsburg rules ganted more autonomy to the Hungarians in 1867.
Question 19.
Classify industries according to their main role.
Answer:
According to their main role, industries are of two types:
- Basic or Key:
Industries which supply their raw materials to manufacture other goods. Example: Iron and steel, copper smelting, aluminium smelting. - Consumers:
Industries produce goods for direct use by consumers. Example: Sugar, toothpaste, paper, sewing machines, etc.
Question 20.
What led to tensions between the Dutch-speaking and French-speaking communities in Belgium during the 1950s and 1960s? Where was this tension more acute, and why?
Or
What were the majoritarian measures taken in Sri Lanka to establish Sinhala supremacy?
Answer:
- The minority French-speaking community in Belgium was relatively rich and powerful. This was resented by the Dutch-speaking community who got the benefit of economic development and education much later.
- This led to tensions between the Dutch-speaking and French-speaking communities during the 1950s and 1960s.
This tension between the two communities was more acute in Brussels. It was so, because, the Dutch-speaking people constituted majority in the country, but minority in the capital, i.e. Brussels.
Or
When Sri Lanka emerged as an independent country in 1948, the leaders of the Sinhala community tried to dominate over the government by virtue of their majority. In order to establish their supremacy they took some ‘majoritarian measures’ which are given below:
- In 1956, an Act was passed which declared Sinhala as the only official language, thus disregarding Tamil.
- Preferences were given to Sinhala applicants for university positions and government jobs.
- A new Constitution stipulated that the state shall protect and promote Buddhism. All these government measures, coming one after the other, gradually strained the relationship between the two communities.
Question 21.
Do you think the classification of economic activities into primary, secondary and tertiary is useful? Explain how?
Answer:
Yes, the classification of economic activities into primary, secondary and tertiary is very useful because of the following reasons:
(i) On account of the information it provides we come to know how and where the people of ,a country are employed.
(ii) It helps in ascertaining as to which sector of economic activity contributes more or less to the country’s GDP and per capita income.
(iii) If the tertiary sector is developing much faster than the primary sector, it implies that agriculture is depleting, and the government must take measures to rectify this. The knowledge that the agricultural profession is becoming unpopular or regressive can only come if we know which sector it belongs to. Hence, it is necessary to classify economic activities into these three basic sectors for smooth economic administration and development.
Question 22.
In recent years how our markets have been transformed? Explain with examples.
Answer:
Until the middle of the twentieth century, production was largely organised within countries.What crossed the boundaries of these countries were raw materials, food stuffs and finished goods. Trade was the main channel connecting distant countries. But with the emergence of multinational corporations (MNCs), things have been changed.
These MNCs are spreading their production and interacting with local producers in various countries across the globe. Foreign trade integrates markets. It creates an opportunity for the producers to reach beyond the domestic markets.
Producers can sell their produce not only in markets located within the country but can also compete in markets located in other countries. Similarly, for the buyers, import of goods produced in another country is one way of expanding the choice of goods beyond what is domestically produced.
Section-C
Question 23.
Read the source given below and answer the questions that follows. (4 x 1 = 4)
The first clear expression of nationalism came with the French Revolution in 1789. France, as you would remember, was a full-fledged territorial state in 1789 under the rule of an absolute monarch. The political and constitutional changes that came in the wake of the French Revolution led to the transfer of sovereignty from the monarchy to a body of French citizens. The revolution proclaimed that it was the people who would henceforth constitute the nation and shape its destiny. From the very beginning, the French revolutionaries introduced various measures and practices that could create a sense of collective identity amongst the French people. The ideas of lapatrie (the fatherland) and le citoyen (the citizen) emphasised the notion of a united community enjoying equal rights under a constitution.
A new French flag, the tricolour, was chosen to replace the former royal standard. The Estates General was elected by the body of active citizens and renamed the National Assembly. New hymns were composed, oaths taken and martyrs commemorated, all in the name of the nation. A centralised administrative system was put in place and it formulated uniform laws for all citizens within its territory. Internal customs duties and dues were abolished and a uniform system of weights and measures was adopted. Regional dialects were discouraged and French, as it was spoken and written in Paris, became the common language of the nation.
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option.
Question 23.1.
When did the French Revolution take place? (1)
(a) In 1889
(b) In 1789
(c) In 1788
(d) In 1751
Answer:
(b) In 1789
Question 23.2.
Identify the purpose of the French revolutionaries from the following options:
(a) To establish republic
(b) To provide equal rights for all
(c) To create a sense for collective responsibility
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these
Question 23.3.
What does the idea of la patrie mean?
(a) The fatherland
(b) The motherland
(c) The citizen
(d) The Constitution
Answer:
(a) The fatherland
Question 23.4.
Which of the following measures was not adopted by the French revolutionaries?
(a) Ideas of la patrie and le citoyen
(b) The tricolour French flag
(c) Hymns composed
(d) Regional dialects were encouraged
Answer:
(d) Regional dialects were encouraged
Question 24.
Read the text given below and answer the following questions. (4 x 1 = 4)
Planning is the widely accepted strategy for judicious use of resources. It has importance in a country like India, which has enormous diversity in the availability of resources. There are regions which are rich in certain types of resources but are deficient in some other resources. There are some regions which can be considered self sufficient in terms of the availability of resources and there are some regions which have acute shortage of some vital resources. For example, the states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh are rich in minerals and coal deposits.
Arunachal Pradesh has abundance of water resources but lacks in infrastructural development. The state of Rajasthan is very well endowed with solar and wind energy but lacks in water resources. The cold desert of Ladakh is relatively isolated from the rest of the country. It has very rich cultural heritage but it is deficient in water, infrastructure and some vital minerals. This calls for balanced resource planning at the national, state, regional and local levels.
Resource planning is a complex process which involves : (i) identification and inventory of resources across the regions of the country. This involves surveying, mapping and qualitative and quantitative estimation and measurement of the resources, (ii) Evolving a planning structure endowed with appropriate technology, skill and institutional set up for implementing resource development plans, (iii) Matching the resource development plans with overall national development plans.
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option.
Question 24.1.
…………… of is not …………… essential for a developed region.
(a) Availability; resources
(b) Valuation; resources
(c) Utilisation; resources
(d) Valuation; planning
Answer:
(b) Valuation; resources
Question 24.2.
There are some regions of India where availability of resources is sufficient, but in some regions, these are acute shortage of important resources. Identify which of the following belongs to:
|
Regions |
Features |
| a. Jharkhand | 1. Endowed of solar energy |
| b. Rajasthan | 2. Abundance of water resources |
| c. Ladakh | 3. Coal deposits |
| d. Arunachal Pradesh | 4. Deficient in water resources |
Choose the correct option:
(a) a – 2, b – 4, c – 1, d – 3
(b) a – 4, b – 2, c – 3, d -1
(c) a – 3, b – 1, c – 4, d – 2
(d) a – 2, b – 3, c – 1, d – 4
Answer:
(c) a – 3, b – 1, c – 4, d – 2
Question 24.3.
The state of Rajasthan lacks in
(a) Water resources
(b) Soil resources
(c) Biotic resources
(d) Potential resources
Answer:
(a) Water resources
Question 24.4.
Which of the following processes is involved in Resource Planning?
(a) Identification and inventory of resources across the regions of the country
(b) Evolving a planning structure with suitable technology
(c) Matching the resource development plans with overall national development plans
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(d) All of the above
Question 25.
Read the given extract and answer the following questions. (4 x 1 = 4)
The Constitution of India originally provided for a two-tier system of government, the Union Government or what we call the Central Government, representing the Union of India and the State governments. Later a third tier of federalism was added in the form of Panchayats and Municipalities. As in any federation, these difference tiers enjoy separate jurisdiction. The Constitution clearly provided a three-fold distribution of legislative powers between the Union Government and the State Governments. Thus, it contains three lists.
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option.
Question 25.1.
The Indian Constitution provides
(a) Two-tier system of government
(b) Three-tier system of government
(c) Four-tier system of government
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) Three-tier system of government
Question 25.2.
What is the first-tier of government in India called?
(a) District Government
(b) Provincial Government
(c) Central Government Municipalities are set up in
(d) Community Government
Answer:
(c) Central Government Municipalities are set up in
Question 25.3.
Municipalities are set up in ……………….
(a) houses
(b) towns
(c) villages
(d) metropolitan cities
Answer:
(b) towns
Question 25.4.
Which government legislates on residuary subjects?
(a) State Government
(b) Local Government
(c) Community Government
(d) Union Government
Answer:
(d) Union Government
Question 26.
26. Read the source given below and answer the following questions. (4 x 1 = 4)
The value of final goods and services produced in each sector during a particular year provides the total production of the sector for that year. And the sum of production in the three sectors gives what is called the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of a country. It is the value of all final goods and services produced within a country during a particular year. GDP shows how big the economy is. In India, the mammoth task of measuring GDP is undertaken by a central government ministry. This Ministry, with the help of various government departments of all the Indian states and union territories, collects information relating to total volume of goods and services and their prices and then estimates the GDP.
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate answer.
Question 26.1.
How is GDP calculated?
(a) The value of intermediate goods and services produced in each sector during a particular year and the sum of production in the three sectors.
(b) The value of intermediate goods and services produced in each sector during a particular year provides the approximate production of the sector for that year.
(c) The value of final goods and services produced in each sector during a particular year provides the total production of sector for that year, and the sum of production in the three sectors.
(d) The value of final goods and services produced in each sector during last three years provides the total production of the sector for that year.
Answer:
(c) The value of final goods and services produced in each sector during a particular year provides the total production of sector for that year, and the sum of production in the three sectors.
Question 26.2.
What do final goods and services mean?
(a) Production of goods and services
(b) Those goods and services that finally reach the consumers
(c) Those goods and services that are out of reach of consumers
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(b) Those goods and services that finally reach the consumers
Question 26.3.
In how many sectors does the sum of production give GDP of a country?
(a) Two
(b) Five
(c) Four
(d) Three
Answer:
(d) Three
Question 26.4.
Who is responsible for collecting data for the GDP in India?
(a) Central Government ministry
(b) State Government ministry
(c) Mayor
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) Central Government ministry
Section-D
Question 27.
What steps did the French revolutionaries take to create a sense of collective identity among
the French people?
Or
Choose some examples to show the contribution of culture to the growth of nationalism in Europe.
Answer:
The first clear cut expression of nationalism came in France with the French Revolution. To make the Revolution a success it was very important to instill a sense of unity in every citizen. To achieve it, various measures and practices were followed:
- A new French flag, the tricolour, was chosen to replace the former royal standard.
- The Estate General was elected by the body of active citizens and renamed the National Assembly.
- The ideas of la patrie (the fatherland) and le citoyen (the citizen) emphasised the nation of a united community enjoying equal rights under a Constitution.
- New hymns were composed, oaths were taken and martyrs were commemorated, all in the name of the nation.
- A centralised administrative system practising uniform laws for all citizens within its territory was set up.
- Internal custom duties and dues were abolished and a uniform system of weights and measures was adopted.
- Regional languages were discouraged and French was adopted as the common language of the nation.
Or
(i) Culture played a vital role in creating the idea of the nation, viz, art and poetry, stories and music helped to express and arouse nationalist feelings. Romantic artists and poets made deliberate efforts to create a sense of shared collective heritage, a common cultural past as the basis of a nation.
(ii) The German philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder stated that true German culture was to be discovered among the common people. It was through folk songs, folk poetry and folk dances that the true spirit of nation was popularised. So collecting and recording these forms of folk culture was essential to the project of nation-building.
The French painter Delacroix depicted an incident through his painting in which about 20,0 Greeks were assumed to have been killed by Turks. By dramatising the incident and focusing on the suffering of women and children Delacroix wanted to appeal to the emotions of the spectators and create sympathy for the Greeks.
Karol Kurpinski celebrated the national struggle through his operas and music, turning folk dances like the polonaise and mazurka into nationalist symbols.
(iii) Language played an important role in developing nationalist sentiments. Regional languages had always been an obstacle in the unification of a country. To overcome it, a common national language was adopted. The Polish language was forced out of schools and the Russian language was made obligatory everywhere.
(iv) In 1831, an armed rebellion against Russian rule took place but it was crushed. After the failure of this rebellion, members of the clergy in Poland began to use language as a weapon of national resistance. Polish became a common language in church gatherings and all religious instruction. As a result, several priests and bishops were put in jail by the Russian authorities as punishment for their refusal to preach in Russian. The use of Polish came to be seen as a symbol of the struggle against Russian dominance.
(v) Conservatives were able to suppress liberal movements in 1848.
Question 28.
What do you know about agriculture? Give its significance.
Or
Describe the types of farming practised in India.
Answer:
(i) Agriculture is a primary activity which produces most of the food that we consume. Two- thirds of India’s population is engaged in agricultural activities.
(ii) Agriculture has been in practice in India for thousands of years and continuous use of land without well-matched techno-institutional reforms have slowed the pace of agricultural development. Most of the farmers in large parts of the country still depend upon monsoon and natural fertility of soil. Also rapid growth in population put pressure on the agricultural production as more than 60 percent of India’s population depends on agriculture.
(iii) Agriculture in India produces raw materials for various industries, e.g., paper industry, textile industry, etc.
(iv) Agriculture contributes a lot to the national economy, employment and output. It provides employment and livelihood to about 63% of population. All other sectors of Indian economy heavily depend on agriculture for their growth.
Or
Two-thirds of India’s population is engaged in agricultural or farming activities. Different types of farming are in practice here:
(i) Primitive Subsistence Farming:
It is still practised in a few parts of India on small patches of land with the help of primitive tools like hoe, dao and digging sticks. It depends upon monsoon, natural fertility of the soil and suitability of other environmental conditions to the crops grown. It is also known as ‘Slash and Bum’ agriculture.
In this type of farming, farmers clear a patch of land and produce cereals and other food crops to sustain their family and when the soil fertility decreases, the farmers shift and clear a fresh patch of land for cultivation. It helps in allowing nature to reload the fertility of the soil through natural processes. Land productivity in this type of agriculture is low as the farmer does not use fertilisers or other modem inputs.
(ii) Intensive Subsistence Farming:
It is practised in areas where population pressure on land is high. High amount of biochemical inputs and irrigation are used for higher production. It is practised in West Bengal, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh. Farm size is small and uneconomical due to the division of land. The farmers take maximum output from the limited land.
(iii) Commercial Farming:
In such farming there is a use of higher doses of modem inputs, e.g. high yielding variety (HYV) seeds, chemical fertilisers, insecticides and pesticides in order to obtain higher productivity. The degree of commercialisation of agriculture varies from one region to another. For example, rice is a commercial crop in Haryana and Punjab, but in Odisha, it is a subsistence crop.
(iv), Plantation Farming: It is a type of commercial farming where single crop is grown on a large area. The plantation has an interface of agriculture and industry. The production is mainly for market and all the produce is used as raw material in respective industries. It requires well-developed network of transport and communication to connect the plantation areas, processing industries and markets together. In India, tea, coffee, mbber, sugarcane, bananas, etc. are important plantation crops. This type of farming is practised in Assam and North Bengal (tea), and Karnataka (coffee).
Question 29.
How does democracy produce an accountable, responsive and legitimate government?
Answer:
(i) Accountable Government:
Democracy refers to an accountable government because it is the government of the people, by the people and for the people. The representatives elected by the people are responsible to them. If the people are not happy with the government they can change the leaders in coming elections.
(ii) Responsive Government:
A citizen who wants to know if a decision was taken through the correct procedures can find this out. He has the right and the means to examine the process of decision-making. This type of transparency is not available in non-democratic government.
(iii) Legitimate Government:
There is one aspect in which democratic government is certainly better than its alternatives: democratic government is legitimate government. It may be slow, less efficient, not always very responsive or clean but a democratic government is people’s own government. So people wish to be ruled by representatives elected by them. They favour democracy as a government.
Question 30.
Give a comparative study of the ways in which the Belgian and Sri Lankan governments dealt with the problem of cultural diversities.
Or
What lessons do we leam from the principles of majoritarianism and accommodation followed in Sri Lanka and Belgium respectively?
Answer:
Sri Lanka is an island nation, just a few km off the southern coast of Tamil Nadu. It has about two crore people, about the same as in Haryana. Sri Lanka has a diverse population. Belgium is a small country in Europe, smaller in area than the state of Haryana. It has borders with France, the Netherlands, Germany and Luxembourg.
It has a population of a little over one crore, about half of the population of Haryana. The ethnic composition of Belgium is very complex. The Belgian leaders, in order to solve the problem of cultural diversities, adopted a compromising path. They amended their Constitution four times so as to work out an arrangement that would enable everyone to live together peacefully within the same country.
It was declared that no single community can make decisions unilaterally. Brussels has a separate government in which both the communities enjoy equal representation. These measures helped to avoid civic strife between the two communities and a possible division of the country on linguistic lines. Sri Lanka presents a different story.
The leaders of the majority community namely the Sinhala adopted a series of majoritarian measures to establish Sinhala supremacy. An Act was passed in 1956 which recognised Sinhala as the only official language, thus disregarding Tamil. The government followed preferential policies that favoured Sinhala applicants for university positions and government jobs.
These measures gradually increased the feeling of alienation among the Sri Lankan Tamils. Their relations with the Sinhala community got strained over time which finally resulted in civil war.
Or
Lessons learnt from Belgium:
In Belgium, the leaders realised that unity of the country could be maintained by respecting the feelings and interests of the different communities living in the country. So they worked on the principle of accommodation whereby mutually acceptable arrangement of sharing power were evolved. A possible division of the country on linguistic lines was also avoided.
Lessons from Sri Lanka:
In a country if a majority community learns to face its dominance over others and refuses to share power it can undermine the unity of the country.
Question 31.
“Different people can have different developmental goals.” Support the statement with examples.
Or
What does sustainability of development mean? How can sustainable development be achieved?
Answer:
The statement ‘different people have different goals of development’ is as because:
- People come from different background.
- Different people have different dreams of aspirations.
- People set their goals according to the changing circumstances and the prevailing situations.
- People may change the goal with the change in situation which could be contradictory to previous goal. For example, a person willing to go for higher education but will change his goal and go for employment because weak economic situation of the family.
- People seek things that are most important for them i.e. things that can fulfill their aspiration or desires.
- Examples:
- Development for a farmer might be proper irrigation facilities.
- For an urban youth, it may be employment.
- For a landless labourer, it may be land.
- For a girl, it might be mean of gender equality or more freedom.
Or
Sustainability of development means that development which is not only for the present time but is also for the future generations. Sustainability is the capacity to use the resources judiciously and maintain the ecological balance.
Sustainable development can be achieved through:
(i) Every generation wants to get the maximum benefits from the available resources but such a thing would be quite disastrous because the available resources shall be exhausted within a short time and the coming generations will be deprived of such resources.
(ii) Environmental degradation can be observed in different ways. Deforestation, falling levels of groundwater, soil erosion, water pollution, burning of fossil fuels, the hole in the ozone layer and combustion from automobiles causing extreme air pollution especially in urban areas are some of the examples of environmental degradation.
Sustainable development can be achieved by judicious use of both renewable and non-renewable resources and without disturbing the balance of environment keeping in mind the requirement for present and future generations.
Section-E
Map Skill Based Question
Question 32.1
Two places A and B have been marked on the given outline map of India. Identify and write their correct names on the lines drawn near them.
(A) The place where the Indian National Congress Session was held.
(B) The place where cotton mill workers organised Satyagraha.
Question 32.2
On the same outline map of India locate and label any THREE of the following with suitable symbols.
(a) Salal Dam
(b) Bokaro Iron and Steel Plant
(c) Ramagundam Thermal Power Plant
(d) West Bengal – the largest producer of rice
(e) Jawaharlal Nehru Port
Answer:
