Students can access the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 History with Solutions and marking scheme Term 2 Set 1 will help students in understanding the difficulty level of the exam.
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 History Term 2 Set 1 with Solutions
Time: 2 Hours
Maximum Marks: 40
General Instructions:
- This Question paper is divided into four sections-Section A, B, C and D.
- All questions are compulsory.
- Section – A: Question no. 1 to 4 are Short Answer type questions of 3 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 80 words.
- Section – B: Question no. 5 to 7 are Long Answer type questions, carrying 6 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 150-200 words.
- Section – C: Question no. 8 and 9 are Case Based questions, carrying 4 marks each with subparts.
- Section – D: Question no, 10 is map based carrying 2 marks.
- There is no overall choice in the question paper. However, an internal choice has been provided in a few questions. Only one of the choices in such questions have to be attempted.
- In addition to this, separate instructions are given with each section and question, wherever necessary.
Section – A
Short Answer Type Questions (3 x 4 = 12)
Question 1.
State the features of Humanist thought. [3]
Answer:
The features of Humanist thought are:
- The humanist thought, implied that religious teachings alone could not provide answers to a holistic life.
- It stressed the human skills individually. The person with various skills and interests was called as Renaissance
- These subjects were not drawn from or connected with religion.
Question 2.
Explain the meaning of Industrial Revolution. [3]
OR
How did the political stability of England contribute to the advent of the Industrial Revolution? [3]
Answer:
The transformation of industry and economy in Britain between the 1780s and 1850s is referred to as the Industrial Revolution. In order words, Industrial Revolution means the transformation of industry and economy of a country with quick succession than normal slow rate. The technological changes introduced novel ways of working and living and fundamentally transformed society. This led to increased production and efficiency, lower prices, more goods, improved wages and migration from rural areas to urban areas.
OR
England was politically more strong and stable than the other European countries since the 17th century. England, Wales and Scotland were unified under a constitutional monarchy and peace prevailed in the country. There were common laws and a common currency and a common market system that was not fragmented by local authorities. With political stability people could takes out loans which led to entrepreneurs making new machines and expanding their businesses. Political stability, thus, contributed in a major way to the advent of the Industrial Revolution.
Question 3.
What changes helped in the revival of the Italian culture after the fall of the Western Roman Empire. [3]
Answer:
Political and cultural centres in Italy were destroyed after the fall of the Western Roman Empire. There was no unified government during those times. Pope was not strong though he was sovereign in his own state. For a long time, the regions of Western Europe were shaped by feudal relations unified under the Latin Church. Changes were brought about in Eastern Europe under the Byzantine empire. Islam too was creating a common civilisation in the west. The revival of trade gave a new lease of life to the port cities of Italy which became centres of growing commerce. Here the merchants and the bankers assumed an important role instead of the clergy or the state. These changes helped in revival of the Italian culture.
Question 4.
Write a short note on Tanaka Shozo. [3]
Answer:
- Tanaka Shozo was a self-taught son of a farmer, who rose to become a major political figure. He participated in (1841 – 1913) the popular rights movement in the 1880s, which demanded constitutional government in Japan.
- He was elected to the Diet. He believed that people’s lives should not be sacrificed for industrial progress Solutions.
- He, therefore, launched the first agitation against industrial pollution in 1897. The mass protest forced the government to take action. Thus, he played an important role in the movement towards environmental destruction.
Section – B
Long Answer Type Questions (6 x 3 = 18)
Question 5.
Discuss some characteristics of the natives of America. [3]
OR
When and how did things improve for the natives of the USA and Canada? Discuss. [3]
Answer:
The characteristics of the natives of America are:
(i) These people lived in bands in villages along the river valleys, ate fish and cultivated vegetables and maize. They searched for meat, chiefly of the bison that roamed the grasslands. However, they killed only as many animals as they needed for food. They practiced subsistence level agriculture and did not produce surplus.
(ii) There were some instances of quarrels between tribes over territory but by and large they were content with food and shelter they got from the land and did not feel the need to own it.
(iii) An important feature of their tradition was of making formal alliances friendships and exchange of gifts. They exchanged ‘wampum belts’ after the treaty was agreed to. They did not believe in commodifying goods but obtained them as ‘gifts’.
(iv) They spoke numerous languages but these were not written down. They believed time moved in cycles and each tribe had accounts about their origins which were passed from one generation to another by word of mouth. They could understand the climatic changes and different landscapes.
(v) They were extremely superstitious but simple people, who loved and lived close to nature. E.g., when the Europeans slaughtered hundreds of beavers for fur, the natives were not only puzzled by their greed, but feared the animals would take revenge on them for their destruction.
OR
Things began to improve for the natives of the USA and Canada from the 1920s. In 1928 a survey report by social scientist, Lewis Meriam titled, “The Problems of Indian Administration” painted a grim picture of the poor health and education facili ties for natives in reservations. Sympathy among “whites” for the natives who were denied benefits of citizenship and being discouraged from the full exercise of their cultures led to a landmark law in the USA, the Indian Re¬organisation Act of 1934. This gave the natives the hitherto denied right to buy land and take loans in reservations. Attempts by the USA and Canadian governments to end the special provisions for the natives and make them join the mainstream ended in failures.
In 1954, in the “Declaration of Indian Rights” prepared by them, the native people accepted the citizenship of the USA but on the condition that their reservation would not be taken away and their traditions would not be interfered with. In Canada, the government announced in 1969 that they would “not recognise aboriginal rights” the natives mustered support and organised opposition by holding debates and a series of demonstrations. Ultimately the government relented and by the Constitutional Act of 1982 accepted the . existing aboriginal and treaty rights of the natives. Today while the natives in both the countries are much reduced in numbers they have been able to assert their right to their own cultures and particularly in Canada to their “sacred lands” in a way their ancestors could not have done in the 1880s.
Question 6.
Describe the condition of Japan before the Meiji Restoration. [3]
Answer:
Political condition:
Japan was ruled by an emperor from Kyoto while the actual powers were in the hands of the Shoguns. From 1603 to 1867, the members of the Tokugawa family held the position of the Shogun, the country was divided into 250 domains each ruled by a daimyo. The daimyos were given a large degree of autonomy and were ordered to live in the capitals of their domains. By the mid 17th century the daimyo’s capitals became bigger.
Social condition:
Edo was the most populated city in the world by the mid-17th century. Osaka and Kyoto were the other large cities in Japan. There were about half a dozen castle-towns with population over 50,000. A person’s merit was valued more than his status. A vibrant culture grew around the towns. Habit of reading increased among the people and many writers could earn their living solely by writing.
Economic conditions:
Growth of cities led to the growth of a commercial economy. Financial and credit system came into existence. Japan was considered rich as it began to import luxury goods like silk from China and textiles from India. There was an increased use of money. There was a stock market in rice which was a sign of economic prosperity in those days.
Question 7.
Describe in detail the effects of Industrial Revolution in Britain. [3]
OR
What do you know about Luddism? Explain.[3]
Answer:
The Industrial Revolution deeply affected all aspects of public life in England. It transformed Britain an from agriculture-dominated country into an industrial country.
Following were the major effects of the Industrial Revolution:
(i) It made England one of the largest industrial nations. She established her trade relations with other countries and with increased exports her national income increased. London had acquired a global significance.
(ii) The machines invented during this period could not be installed at home so innumerable factories were set up in the country. Consequently, cottage industries almost ended.
(iii) The Industrial Revolution Contributed to the establishment of large towns such as Manchester, Lancashire, Birmingham. This pace of growth was not matched with the provision of adequate housing, sanitation or clean water for the rapidly growing urban population.
(iv) Invention of machines resulted in the sufficient production of goods. As these were cheaper, more and more people began to buy them.
(v) One of the worst effects was the elimination of the home industries. As a single machine could do the work of many people, people who rendered manual labour were left unemployed.
(vi) The Industrial Revolution forced small farmers to sell their land and work in the factories. The bigger landlords bought up small farms near their own properties and enclosed the village common lands. Thus, the number of landless labour increased.
(vii) The Industrial Revolution was a time of important changes in the way that children and women worked. The earnings of women and children were necessary to supplement men’s meagre wages. Factory managers considered child labour to be important training for future factory work.
(viii)The condition of workers was quite miserable. They became victims of restlessness, epidemics and diseases.
OR
The movement known as Luddism (1811 – 17) was led by General Ned Ludd. Luddism was not merely a backward-looking assault on the machines. Its participants demanded a minimum wage, control over the labour of women and children, work for those who had lost their jobs because of machines and the right to form trade unions so that they could legally represent their demands.
During the early years of industrialization, the working population possessed neither the vote nor legal methods to express their anger at the drastic manner in which their lives had been overturned. In August 1819 around 80,000 people had gathered peacefully at St. Peter’s Fields in Manchester to claim democratic rights of political organization, public meetings and of the freedom of the press.
The movement was brutally suppressed and it what came to be known as the Peterloo Massacre and the rights they demanded were denied by the Six Acts, passed by Parliament the same year. These extended the restrictions on political activity introduced in the two Combination Acts of 1795. But there were some gains. After Peterloo, the need to make the House of Commons more representative was recognized by liberal political groups and the Combination Acts were repealed in 1824 – 25.
Section – C
Case Based Question (4 x 2 = 8)
Question 8.
Read the source given below and answer the question that follows: [1+1+2 = 4]
The earliest universities in Europe had been set up in Italian towns. The universities of Padua and Bologna had been centres of legal studies from the eleventh century. Commerce being the chief activity in the city, there was an increasing demand for lawyers and notaries (a combination of solicitor and record-keeper) to write and interpret rules and written agreements without which trade on a large scale was not possible. Law was therefore a popular subject of study, but there was now a shift in emphasis. It was studied in the context of earlier Roman culture. Francesco Petrarch (1304 – 78) represented this change. To Petrarch, antiquity was a distinctive civilisation which could be best understood through the actual words of the ancient Greeks and Romans. He therefore, stressed the importance of a close reading of ancient authors.
This educational programme implied that there was much to be learnt which religious teaching alone could not give. This was the culture which historians in the nineteenth century were to label ‘humanism’. By the early fifteenth century, the term ‘humanist’ was used for masters who taught grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history and moral philosophy. The Latin word humanitas, from which ‘humanities’ was derived, had been used many centuries ago by the Roman lawyer and essayist Cicero (106 – 43. BCE), a contemporary of Julius Caesar, to mean culture: These subjects-were not drawn from or connected with religion and emphasised skills developed by individuals through discussion and debate.
These revolutionary ideas attracted attention in many other universities, particularly in the newly established university in Petrarch’s own home-town of Florence. Till the end of the thirteenth century, this city had not made a mark as a centre of trade or of learning, but things changed dramatically in the fifteenth century. A city is known by its great citizens as much as by its wealth and Florence hadcome to be known because of Dante Alighieri (1265 – 1321), a layman who wrote on religious themes and Giotto (1267-1337), an artist who painted lifelike portraits, very different from the stiff figures done by earlier artists. From then it developed as the most exciting intellectual city in Italy and as a centre of artistic creativity. The term “Renaissance Man’ is often used to describe a person with many interests and skills, because many of the individuals who became well known at this time were people of many parts. They were scholar-diplomat-theologian-artist combined in one.
Question 8.1.
Who was Giotto? [1]
Answer:
Giotto (1267 – 1337), was an Italian painter who painted lifelike portraits, very different from the stiff figures done by earlier artists.
Question 8.2.
Which universities legal studies during the 11th century? [1]
Answer:
The universities of Padua and Bologna had been centres of legal studies from the plevenfh century.
Question 8.3.
Who was Petrarch? Why was he famous? [2]
Answer:
etrarch was an Italian scholar, poet and humanist. Francesco Petrarch is known as ‘Father of Humanism’. He is best known for the Lyric poetry of his Canzoniere and is considered one of the greatest love poets of world literature.
Question 9.
Read the source given below and answer the questions that follows: [1+1+2 = 4]
The Gold Rush and the Growth of Industries there was always the hope that there was gold in North America. In the 1840s, traces of gold were found in the USA, in California. This led to the “Gold Rush’, when thousands of eager Europeans hurried to America in the hope of making a quick fortune. This led to the building of railway lines across the continent, for which thousands of Chinese workers were recruited. The USA’s railway was completed by 1870, that of Canada by 1885.
“The old nations creep on at a snail’s pace’ said Andrew Carnegie, a poor immigrant from Scotland who became one of the first millionaire industrialists in the USA, ‘the Republic thunders on at the speed of an express’. One reason why the Industrial Revolution happened in England when it did was because small peasants were losing their land to big farmers and moving to jobs in factories. In North America, industries developed for very different reasons to manufacture railway equipment so that rapid transport could link distant places and to produce machinery which would make large-scale farming easier. Industrial towns grew and factories multiplied, both in the USA and Canada.
In 1860, the USA had been an undeveloped economy. In 1890, it was the leading industrial power in the world. Large-scale agriculture also expanded. Vast areas were cleared and divided up into farms. By 1890, the bison had almost been exterminated, thus, ending the life of hunting the natives had followed for centuries. In 1892, the USA’s continental expansion was complete. The area between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans was divided up into states. There no longer remained the ‘frontier’ that had pulled European settlers west for many decades. Within a few years the USA was setting up its own colonies in Hawaii and the Philippines. It had become an imperial power.
Question 9.1.
Who was Andrew Carnegie? [1]
Answer:
Andrew Carnegie was a poor immigrant from Scotland who became one of the first millionaire industrialists in the USA.
Question 9.2.
What was the Gold Rush? [1]
Answer:
In the 1840s, traces of gold were found in the USA, in California. This led to the ‘Gold Rush’ when thousands of eager Europeans hurried to America in the hope of making a quick fortune.
Question 9.3.
In North America, industries developed for very different reasons. Why? [2]
Answer:
In North America, industries developed for very different reasons so as to manufacture railway equipment so that rapid transport could link distant places and to produce machinery which would make large-scale farming easier.
Section – D
Map Based Question (1+1=2)
Question 10.
On the given outline map of Britain, locate and label ANY ONE of the following with appropriate symbol.
(I) A place known for iron and coal manufacturing centre. [1]
OR
(II) A place known for cotton textile manufacturing centre. [1]
(III) On the same map of United Kingdom, A is marked as a place where James Watt created the Soho. [1]
Answer:
(I) Shropshire
(II) Manchester
(III) Birmingham
