Students can access the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Geography with Solutions and marking scheme Term 2 Set 9 will help students in understanding the difficulty level of the exam.
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Geography Term 2 Set 9 with Solutions
Time Allowed: 2 Hours
Maximum Marks: 35
Roll No. ___________
General Instructions:
- Question paper is divided into 5 sections A, B, C, D & E
- In section A, question number 1 to 3 are Very Short Answer type questions. Attempt any 3 questions.
- In section B, question number 4 is Source based question.
- In section C, question number 5 & 6 are Short Answer type questions.
- In section D, question number 7 to 9 are Long Answer type questions.
- In section E, question number 10 is a Map based question.
Section – A
Very Short Answer Questions
Question 1.
Describe the Trans-Siberian Railways mentioning all its important routes and stations. (2)
Or
Why are sea routes considered an important type of water transport?
Answer:
The Trans-Siberian Railways is major rail route of Russia which runs from St. Petersburg in the west to Vladivostok on the Pacific Coast in the east passing through Moscow, Ufa, Novosibirsk, Irkutsk, Chita and Khabarovsk. It is the most important route in Asia and the longest (9,332 km) double-tracked and electrified TransContinental Railway in the world. It runs across the Ural Mountains Ob and Yenisei rivers Chita is an important agrocentre and Irkutsk, a fur centre. Sea routes considered an important type of water transport because
- The oceans offer a smooth highway traversable in all directions with no maintenance costs.
- Compared to land and air, ocean transport is a cheaper means of haulage (carrying of load) of bulky material over long distances from one continent to another.
Question 2.
Identify the important minerals required for the production of nuclear energy and outline their distribution in India.
Answer:
Important minerals used for the generation of nuclear energy are uranium and thorium. Uranium deposits occur in the Dharwar rocks. Geographically, uranium ores are known to occur in several locations along the Singbhum Copper belt. Thorium is mainly obtained from monazite and ilmenite in the beach sands along the coast of Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
Question 3.
Discuss the highways of China and India.
Answer:
In China, highways criss-cross the country connecting all major cities such as Tsungtso (near Vietnam boundary), Shanghai (central China), Guangzhou (south) and Beijing (north). A new highway links Chengdu with Lhasa in Tibet. In India, there are many highways linking the major towns and cities. For example, National Highway No. 7 (NH 7), connecting Varanasi with Kanya Kumari, is the longest in the country.
Section – B
Source Based Question
Question 4.
Read the source given below and answer the following questions by choosing the correct options.
Oil and Gas Pipelines. Pipelines are the most convenient and efficient mode of transporting liquids and gases over long distances. Even solids can also be transported by pipelines after converting them into slurry.
Oil India Limited (OIL) under the administrative set up of the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas is engaged in the exploration, production and transportation of crude oil and natural gas. It was incorporated in 1959 as a company. Asia’s first cross country pipeline covering a distance of 1,157 km was constructed by OIL from Naharkatiya oilfield in Assam to Barauni refinery in Bihar. It was further extended up to Kanpur in 1966.
Another extensive network of pipelines has been constructed in the western region of India of which Ankleshwar-Koyali, Mumbai High Koyali and Hazira-Vijaipur-Jagdishpur (HVJ) are most important. Recently, a 1256 km long pipeline connecting Salaya (Gujarat) with Mathura (UP) has been constructed. It supplies crude oil from Gujarat to Punjab (Jalandhar) via Mathura. OIL is in the process of constructing of 660 km long pipeline from Numaligarh to Siliguri.
i. Oil and gas are examples of which source of energy?
Answer:
Oil and gas are examples of non-renewable and exhaustible source of energy.
ii. Asia’s first cross country pipeline constructed by OIL connects which places?
Answer:
Asia’s first cross country pipeline was constructed by OIL connects Naharkatiya oilfield in Assam to Barauni refinery in Bihar and Kanpur.
iii. Oil India Limited was listed as a company in 1959. It is under which ministry?
Answer:
Oil India Limited was listed as a company in 1959. It is under the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas.
Section – C
Short Answer Questions
Question 5.
Explain the ways in which landscape, history, art, culture and economy contribute to
tourism of a region.
Or
Explain how services occur at different levels and how are they regulated?
Answer:
Landscape, history, art, culture and economy contribute to tourism of a region in a following ways
Landscape Many people like to spend their holidays in an attractive environment, which often means mountains, lakes, spectacular sea coasts and landscapes not completely altered by man.
History and Art The history and art of an area have potential attractiveness. People visit ancient or picturesque towns and archaeological sites, and enjoy exploring castles, palaces and churches.
Culture and Economy These attract tourists with a penchant for experiencing ethnic and local customs. Besides, if a region provides for the needs of tourists at a cheap cost, it is likely to become very popular. Home-stay has emerged as a profitable business such as heritage homes in Goa, Madikere and Coorg in Karnataka.
Or
Services occur at many different levels. Some are geared to industry, some to people, and some to both industry and people, e.g. the transport systems. Low-order services, such as grocery shops and laundries, are more common and widespread than high-order services or more specialised ones like those of accountants, consultants and physicians.
Services are provided to individual consumers who can afford to pay for them. For example, the gardener, the launderers and the barber do primarily physical labour. Teacher, lawyers, physicians, musicians and others perform mental labour. Many services have now been regulated, for example
Making and maintaining highways and bridges, maintaining fire fighting departments and supplying or supervising education and customercare are among the important services most often supervised or performed by governments or companies. . State and union legislation have established corporations to supervise and control the marketing of such services as transport, telecommunication, energy and water supply.
Question 6.
Describe the railway network of Europe.
Answer:
Europe has one of the most dense rail networks in the world. There are about 4,40,000 km of railways, most of which is double or multiple-tracked. Belgium has the highest density of 1 km of railway for every 6.5 sq kms area. The industrial regions exhibit some of the highest densities in the world. The important rail heads are London, Paris, Brussels, Milan, Berlin and Warsaw.
Passenger transport is more important than freight in many of these countries. Underground railways are important in London and Paris. Channel Tunnel, operated by Euro Tunnel Group through England, connects London with Paris. Trans-continental railway lines have now lost their importance to quicker and more flexible transport systems of airways and roadways.
Section – D
This section consists of 3 questions of Long Answer Type
Long Answer Questions
Question 7.
Highlight the importance of tourism as a service ‘tertiary’ activity. What are the factors affecting tourism?
Or
What are the quaternary and quinary sectors of an economy?
Answer:
Tourism is travel undertaken for purposes of recreation rather than business. It is highly important because
It is the world’s single largest tertiary activity in total registered jobs (250 million) and total revenue (40 per cent of the total GDP)
Many local persons, are employed to provide services like accommodation, meals, transport, entertainment and special shops serving the tourists at the tourist location.
Tourism fosters the growth of infrastructure industries, retail trading, and craft industries (souvenirs). Factors affecting tourism are
Demand Since the last century, the demand for holidays has increased rapidly. Improvements in the standard of living and increased leisure time, permit many more people to go on holidays for leisure.
Transport The opening-up of tourist areas has been aided by improvement in transport facilities. Travel is easier by car, with better road systems. More significant in recent years has been the expansion in air transport. For example, air travel allows one to travel anywhere in the world in a few hours of flying time from their homes. The advent of package holidays has reduced the costs.
Or
Quaternary Sector Quaternary sector involve the collection, production and dissemination of information or even the production of information. Quaternary activities centre around research, development and may be seen as an advanced form of services involving specialised knowledge and technical skills.
Quaternary activities can consist of Information Technology (IT), media, Research and Development (R&D), information-based services such as information-generation and information-sharing and knowledge-based services such as consultation, education, financial planning and designing. The Quaternary Sector along with the Tertiary
Sector has replaced most of the primary and secondary employment as the basis for economic growth. Quinary Sector Quinary sector include the highest level of decision makers or policy makers. These are subtly different from the knowledge based industries that the quinary sector in general deals with. Quinary activities are services that focus on the creation, re-arrangement and interpretation of new and existing ideas; data interpretation and the use and evaluation of new technologies.
Question 8.
Discuss water pollution along with sources of pollution and its effects.
Answer:
Water pollution refers to a state where the natural taste, colour and odour of the water is contaminated.
Sources of Water Pollution
Water pollution can be caused by both natural and anthropogenic (human) sources. Natural sources include contamination from erosion, landslides, decay and decomposition of plants and animals, etc. Anthropogenic sources include contamination through industrial, agricultural and cultural activities.
Industries produce several undesirable products including industrial wastes, polluted waste water, poisonous gases, chemical residuals, numerous heavy metals, dust, smoke, etc. Major water polluting industries are leather, pulp and paper, textiles and chemicals.
Various types of chemicals used in modern agriculture such as inorganic fertilisers, pesticides and herbicides are also pollution generating components.
Cultural activities such as pilgrimage, religious fairs, tourism, etc. also cause water pollution. In India, almost all surface water sources are contaminated and unfit for human consumption.
Effects of Water Pollution
Water pollution is a source of various water-borne diseases.
Heavy metal contamination in polluted water such as mercury, arsenic and cadmium contamination can cause severe acute and chronic effects on human including Gastrointestinal and kidney dysfunction, nervous system disorders, skin lesions, and cancer, etc.
Question 9.
Rapid growing population is resulting in an equivalent increase in resource consumption and waste generation. Limited technology and infrastructure often results in accumulation of waste. In this context, discuss urban waste disposal and issues related to it.
Answer:
The processing of waste generated in urban areas is known as urban waste disposal. Human population and related consumption resources is rapidly increasing. This led to generation of large amount of waste in urban house holds and industries. Urban waste disposal is a serious problem in India. In metropolitan cities like Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bengaluru, etc., about 90 per cent of the solid waste is collected and disposed. The issues related to urban waste disposal are
The huge turnout of ashes and debris from industries, thermal power houses and building constructions or demolitions have contributed to land, air and water pollution
Solid wastes cause health hazard through creation of obnoxious smell, and harbouring of flies and rodents, which act as carriers of diseases like typhoid, diphtheria, diarrhea, malaria and cholera, etc.
Concentration of industrial units in and around urban centres gives rise to disposal of industrial wastes. The dumping of industrial waste into rivers leads to water pollution. Serious health problems downstream.
Section – E
Map Based Question
Question 10.
On the political map of the world, identify the following features (Attempt any 5). (1 × 5 = 5)
A. The Terminal Station of Trans-Continental Railway
B. A major airport
C. An international airport
D. A major seaport
E. A major seaport
F. A canal
Answer:
