CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Paper 1

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Paper 1 for Class 12 Political Science Paper 1 are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Paper 1.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Paper 1

Board	CBSE
Class	XII
Subject	Political Science
Sample Paper Set	Paper 1
Category	CBSE Sample Papers

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 12 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme as prescribed by the CBSE is given here. Paper 1 of Solved CBSE Sample Paper for Class 12 Political Science is given below with free PDF download solutions.

Time Allowed: 3 hours
Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions :

1. All questions are compulsory.
2. Questions nos. 1 to 5 are of 1 mark each. The answer to these questions should not exceed 20 words
3. Questions nos. 6 to 10 are of 2 marks each. The answer to these questions should not exceed 40 words
4. Questions nos. 11 to 16 are of 4 marks each. The answer to these questions should not exceed 100 words
5. Questions nos. 17 to 21 are of 5 marks each. The answer to these questions should not exceed 150 words
6. Questions no. 21 is map based question
7. Questions nos. 22 to 27 are of 6 marks each. The answer to these questions should not i exceed 150 words

Question 1.
Mention the period of First and Second World Wars.

Question 2.
Why is it said that the fall of Berlin Wall signified the end of bipolarity?

Question 3.
What is global poverty?

Question 4.
Why were the states reorganised on linguistic basis in India in 1956?

Question 5.
When and by whom was the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) founded?

Question 6.
When and why did the New World Order begin?

Question 7.
Mention any two steps taken by China to improve its economy.

Question 8.
What is Indus River Water Treaty? Mention its significance also.

Question 9.
Who was J.C. Kumarappa?

Question 10.
What was Afro-Asian unity?

Question 11.
What was 9/11 event? How did the US respond to it?

Question 12.
In what ways does the present Chinese economy differ from its command economy?

Question 13.
India’s neighbours often think that the Indian government tries to dominate and interfere in the domestic affairs of the smaller
countries of the region. Is this a correct impression?

Question 14.
What was the task of the States Reorganisation Commission? What was its most salient recommendation?

Question 15.
In what sense was the Congress an ideological coalition ? Mention the various ideological currents present within the Congress.

Question 16.
What was the major thrust of the First Five Year Plan? In which ways did the Second Plan differ from the first one?

Question 17.
Read the passage given below carefully and answer the questions that follow:
The Western alliance was formalised into an organisation, the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), which came into existence in April 1949. It was an association of twelve states which declared that armed attack on any one of them would be regarded as an attack on all of them. Each of these states would be obliged to help each other. The eastern alliance known as the Warsaw Pact was led by Soviet Union, created in 1955 and its principal function was to counter NATO’s forces in Europe.
(i) What does NATO stand for?
(ii) What was NATO’s policy?
(iii) What was Warsaw Pact?
(iv) Mention the main function of Warsaw Pact.

Question 18.
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions:
In eastern Europe, Czechoslovakia split peacefully into two, with the Czechs and the Slovaks forming independent countries. But the most severe conflict took place in the Balkan republics of Yugoslavia. After 1991, it broke apart with several provinces like Croatia, Slovenia and Bosnia and Herzegovina declaring independence. Ethnic Serbs opposed this, and a massacre of non-Serb Bosnians followed. The NATO intervention and the bombing of Yugoslavia followed inter- ethnic civil war.
(a) In Eastern Europe which republic split into two?
(b) Name the republic/place where severe conflict took place.
(c) Name various provinces with which Yugoslavia had been broken in 1991.
(d) Which incidents resulted into inter-ethnic civil war?

Question 19.
Study the picture given below and answer the questions that follow:
(i) What message does the cartoon convey?
(ii) Name the person who is making efforts to balance both the sectors.
(iii) How was both these sectors balanced?

Question 20.
Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions:
ASEAN was and still remains principally an economic association. While the ASEAN region as a whole is a much smaller economy compared to the US the EU, and Japan, its economy is growing much faster than all these. This accounts for the growth in its influence both in the region and beyond. The objectives of the ASEAN Economic Community are to create a common market and production base within ASEAN States and to aid social and economic development in the region. The Economic Community would also like to improve the existing ASEAN Dispute Settlement Mechanism to resolve economic disputes. ASEAN has focused on creating a Free Trade Area (FTA) for investment, labour, and services. The US and China have already moved fast to negotiate FT As with ASEAN.
(i) What is the objective of ASEAN Economic Community?
(ii) Why did ASEAN establish Free Trade Areas (FTAs)?
(iii) How would ASEAN Economic Community resolve economic disputes?
(iv) Which countries have already moved fast to negotiate FTAs with ASEAN and why?

Question 21.
On a political outline map of the world, locate and label the following and symbolise them as indicated:

(i) The country that Iraq invaded in Aug. 1990.
(ii) The country under the Presidentship of Saddam Hussain.
(iii) The country referred to as a hegemonic power.
(iv) The Operation Infinite Reach was launched against these countries.

Question 22.
Examine the role played by India in the implementation of UN policies and programmes.
OR
Give a comparative analysis of Indian expenditure on traditional and non-traditional security.

Question 23.
What is meant by ‘Common but differentiated responsibilities’? How could we implement the idea?
OR
Critically evaluate the impact of the changing role of state in the developing countries in the light of globalisation ?

Question 24.
Describe the relationship of India with post-Communist countries.
OR
What are the constraints on American hegemony today? Which one of these do you expect to get more important in the future ?

Question 25.
Highlight the role of Pt. Nehru in
(i) Setting the national agenda.
(ii) Afro-Asian unity
OR
What were the factors which led to the popularity of Indira Gandhi’s Government in the ’ early 1970 s ?

Question 26.
The Shah Commission was appointed in 1977 by the Janata Party Government. Why was it appointed and what were its findings?
OR
What are popular movements? Explain any three issues related to women which brought social awareness amongst them.

Question 27.
What were the main provisions of the Punjab accord? In what way can they be the basis for further tensions between the Punjab and its neighboring States?
OR
Analyse India’s changing relationship with Russia post and communist countries.

Answers

Answer 1.
First World War: 1914-1918
Second World War: 1939-1945

Answer 2.
The collapse of Berlin Wall in 1989 is considered as the end of bipolarity as it was a symbol
of Cold War. Fall of Berlin Wall was followed by those events that led to the end of the Cold War.

Answer 3.
Global poverty signifies a condition available in the states to be suffered from low incomes and less economic growth i.e. developing or underdeveloped countries.

Answer 4.
States were reorganised on linguistic basis in India in 1956 to maintain unity and integrity of the nation to avoid violence and conflicts among the people.

Answer 5.
The Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) was founded in 1929 by Plutareo Elias Calles
in Mexico which represented the legacy of Mexican Revolution.

Answer 6.
The New World Order began in 1991 after the collapse of Soviet Union. The world was left
only with single superpower i.e. the US and came to be known as the US hegemony to show the superiority of its military power. The US hegemony also shaped world economy and emerged in the form of military domination, economic order, political clout and cultural superiority.

Answer 7.
(i) Special Economic Zones (SEZs) were created to invite foreign investors to set up their own enterprises.
(ii) The privatisation of agriculture and industry in 1982 and 1998.

Answer 8.
India and Pakistafi signed Indus River Water Treaty by the mediation of the World Bank in 1960 over the issue of sharing of rivers of the Indus basin. This treaty has been survived despite many military conflicts between these two countries.

Answer 9.
(i) J.C. Kumarappa was originally known as J.C. Cornelius. k
(ii) He was an economist and chartered accountant.
(iii) He was the follower of Mahatma Gandhi to apply Gandhian principles of economic policies.

Answer 10.
Bandung Conference was held in 1955 in Indonesia as an Afro-Asian conference to lead an establishment of NAM. It was held to mark the engagement of India with African and Asian nations known as Afro-Asian unity.

Answer 11.
9/11 event implies a series of attacks on the US by hijackers from Arab countries on 11
September 2001. It was the most disastrous attack on the US. The hijackers attacked on i important US building such as World Trade Centre in New York, Pentagon building and Capital building of US Congress in Pennsylvania.

The US responded to it by launching ‘Operation Enduring Freedom’ to arrest all those who were suspected to be behind this attack. The US forces made arrest all over the i world without the knowledge of the government of the persons being arrested, transported and detained them in secret prisons mainly against Al-Qaeda and Taliban regime in Afghanistan.

Answer 12.
The present Chinese economy has adopted the ‘open door policy’ to generate higher productivity by investments of capital and technology. It differed from its command economy in the following manner:
(i) It broke stagnancy of command economy.
(ii) Command economy lagged behind the industrial production but Chinese economy recovered it by privatisation of agriculture and industry.
(iii) The present Chinese economy established new trading laws and created Special Economic Zones leading higher rise in foreign trade. During Command economy the international trade was minimal and per capita income was very low.

Answer 13.
No, the impression is not correct because India makes efforts to manage its neighbours beyond its size and powers which can be justified on following grounds-
(i) India often feels exploited by its neighbours.
(ii) On the other hand, India’s neighbours fear that India wants to dominate them regionally but India is centrally located who shares borders with other countries geographically, which should be accepted on mutual understanding.
(iii) India avoids political instability in its neighbouring states so that outsiders shold not take advantage of influence in the region.

Answer 14.
The States Reorganisation Commission was set up in 1953 by Central Government to look into the matter of redrawing of boundaries of state:
(i) The Commission evolved that states’ boundaries should reflect the boundaries of different languages to accommodate linguistic diversity.
(ii) The States Reorganisation Act was passed in 1956 which resulted the creation of 14 states and 6 union territories.
(iii) Its most salient recommendation was the formation of linguistic states i.e. to reorganise states on the basis of accommodation of their languages to prepare a uniform base for the nation.

Answer 15.
The Congress Party became a social and ideological coalition for it merged different social groups along with their identity holding different beliefs:
(i) It accommodated the revolutionary, conservative, pacifist, radical, extremist and moderates and the rights and the left with all other shades of the centre.
(ii) The Congress became a platform for numerous groups, interests and even political parties to take part in the national movement.
Ideological currents present within the Congress:
(a) In pre-Independence days, many organisations and parties with their own Constitutions and organisational structures were allowed to exist within the Congress.
(b) Some of these like “Congress Socialist Party” later seperated from the Congress and became an opposition party.

Answer 16.
The First Five Year Plan was commenced in 1951 to be drafted by young economist K.N. Roy with the emphasis on poverty alleviation. Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India presented this to the Parliament of India. Its main thrusts were as follows:

• To invest in dams and irrigation to improve agricultural sector with the urgent attention.
• Huge allocations were made for large scale projects like Bhakra-Nangal dam.
• It focused on land reforms for the development in rural areas.
• It aimed to increase level of national income.

The First Five Year plan differed from the Second Five Year plan:
(a) The Second Five Year Plan stressed on heavy industrialisation.
(b) It wanted to bring quick structural transformation in all possible directions in place of slow and steady growth like First Five Year Plan.

Answer 17.

• NATO stands for North Atlantic Treaty Organisation.
• NATO was an association of twelve states which declared that armed attack on any one of them would be regarded as an attack on all of them and each of them would be obliged to help each other.
• Warsaw Pact was eastern alliance led by Soviet Union, created in 1955.
• Main function of Warsaw Pact was to counter NATO’s forces in Europe.

Answer 18.
(a) Czechoslovakia split into two with Czechs and Slovaks.
(6) Balkan republics of Yugoslavia.
(c) Croatia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
(d)
(i) Ethnic Serbs opposed the breaking up of several provinces independently following a massacre of non-serb Bosnians.
(ii) NATO intervention and bombing on Yugoslavia.

Answer 19.

1. Cartoon is trying to make balance between the private and public sectors to maintain the growth of an economy adopted by India.
2. Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru, the then Prime Minister of India.
3. Pt. Nehru made a*balance between both the sectors by adopting the model of mixed economy to co-exist the private and public sector.

Answer 20.

1. To create common market and production based activities within ASEAN states itself and to aid social and economic development.
2. Free Trade Areas have been established for investment, labour and services.
3. By improving the existing ASEAN Dispute Settlement Mechanism.
4. ASEAN is rapidly growing into areas of regional organisation with its Vision 2020.

Answer 21.

• Kuwait (A).
• Iraq (B).
• The USA (C).
• Afghanistan and Sudan (D) and (E).

Answer 22.

1. India believes that a strengthened and revitalised UN is desirable in the changing world.
2. India also supports an enhanced role for the UN in promoting development and cooperation among states.
3. India believes that the development should be central to the UN’s agenda as it is a vital precondition for the maintenance of international peace and security.
4. India debates more representation in Security Council may enjoy greater support in world community.
5. India has major concern about restructuring of UN Security Council.
6. India supports the role of developing countries should be represented in Security Council in decision making.

OR

India spends more on traditional security than non-traditional because

1. India has been involved in conflict with its neighbours as Pakistan in 1947-48, 1965, 1971 and 1999 and China in 1962.
2. In South Asian region, India is surrounded by nuclear armed countries. Hence, India’s decision to conduct nuclear test in 1990 was justified to safeguard national security.
3. India conducted its first nuclear detonation on 18 May 1974.

Though India has made efforts to develop its economy and an individual’s security from poverty but still it is lagging behind even now and we are supposed to make more efforts.

Answer 23.
Common but differentiated responsibilities mean that the state shall cooperate in the spirit of global partnership to conserve, protect and restore the health and integrity of the .earth’s ecosystem. As the states have common but differentiated responsibilities over various contributions of global environmental degradation. The developed countries acknowledge that the responsibility that they bear in the international pursuit of sustainable development in view of the pressures their societies place on the global environment and of the technological and financial resources they command.

We could implement the idea with the help of conventions and declarations:

1. The Rio-Summit held in June 1992 produced conventions dealing with climate change, biodiversity, forestry and recommended a list of developed practices called Agenda 21.
2. The 1992 United Nations Framework convention on climatic change (UNFCCC) also emphasised that the parties should act to protect the climate system on the basis of common but differentiated responsibilities.
3. An international agreement known as Kyoto Protocol set targets for industrialised countries to cut their greenhouse gas emissions which support for global warming.

OR

The impact of changing role of state in the developing countries in the light of globalisation can be summed up as follows:

1. Globalisation reduces the state capacity i.e. the ability of governments to do what they do.
2. Market becomes the prime concern to set down economic and social priorities.
3. Multinational companies effect on the decisions taken by government because their own interest fulfillment also depends on government policies.
4. The old welfare state is now giving way to more minimalist state to perform certain core functions as maintenance of law and order and the security.
5. State also withdraws from many of its welfare functions taken place at the level of
   economic and social well-being. .
6. To some extent developing countries have received a boost as a result of globalisation and became more strong and powerful clue to emergence of new technology.

Answer 24.
India has maintained good relations with all the post-communist countries, but the strongest relations are still those between Russia and India.

1. Indo-Russian relations are a significant aspect of India’s foreign policy. Their relations are embedded in history of trust and common interests and are matched by popular perceptions. For example, Indian heroes from Raj Kapoor to Amitabh Bachchan are household names in Russia and many post-Soviet countries.
2. Russia and India share a vision of multipolar world order i.e. co-existence of several world powers internationally, collective security, greater regionalism, democratisation with the decision-making through bodies like the UN.
3. More than 80 bilateral agreements have been experienced between India and Russia as a part of the Indo-Russia Strategic Agreement of 2001.
4. India has been benefitted from its relationship on the issues like Kashmir, energy supplies, sharing information on international terrorism, access to Central Asia and balanoing its relation with China.
5. Russia is also important for India’s nuclear energy plan and assisting India’s space industry by giving cryogenic rocket to India whenever needed.
6. Co-operation with Russia and its republics like Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan in the form of partnership and investment in oil fields has also benefitted India.
7. Russia is also “benefitted from India on ground of the second largest arms market.
   Indian military gets most of its hardware from Russia.
8. Russia and India have collaborated on various scientific projects also.

OR

“We can identify three constraints on American Power” which were actually not in operation in the years following 9/11. Hence, the US could establish its hegemony. Recently all these constraints are slowly beginning to operate in the following ways:

1. The US bears institutional architecture in the American State itself. It refers division of powers between the three branches of government where American military’s executive branch can place significant brakes upon the unrestrained and immoderate exercise.
2. The second constraint on American hegemony emerges from open nature of American society. American society and suffering from a deep skepticism towards purposes and methods of government in America despite an imposition of particular perspectives on domestic opinion in the US. This is a huge constraint on US military action overseas.
3. The third constraint on US hegemony is the possession of NATO to moderate the exercise of the US hegemony today. The US has an enormous interest in keeping the alliance of democracies to follow the market economies alive and it may be possible to its allies in NATO to moderate the exercise of the US hegemony through their own i liberal policies to fullfiel their own ends.

Answer 25.
1. Role of Pt. Nehru in setting the national agenda :
As the Prime Minister and Foreign Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru exercised profound influence in the formulation and implementation of India’s foreign policy from 1946 to 1964. The three major objectives of Nehru’s foreign policy were to preserve the . hard-earned sovereignty. Protect territorial integrity, and promote rapid economic development. Nehru wished to achieve these objectives through the strategy of non-alignment. There were, of course; Parties and groups in the country.
2. Role of Pt. Nehru in Afro-Asian unity :
Jawaharlal Nehru envisaged a crucial role for India in world affairs and in Asian _ affairs especially. His era was marked by the establishment of contacts between India and other newly independent states in Asia and Africa. Throughout the 1940s and 1950s, Nehru had been an ardent advocate of Asian unity. Under his leadership, India convened the Asian Relations Conference in march 1947, five months ahead of attaining its independence, and made earnest efforts for the early realisation of freedom of Indonesia from the Dutch colonial regime by convening an international conference in 1949 to support its freedom struggle.

OR

Because :

1. Socialist credentials became main projects during this period.
2. Indira Gandhi campaigned to implement land reform legislations and land ceiling legislations.
3. She ended her dependence on other political parties by strengthening her party’s position and recommended the dissolution of the LokSabha in December 1970.
4. The crisis in East Pakistan and Indo-Pak war to establish Bangladesh as an independent one, also enhanced the popularity of Indira Gandhi.
5. Indira Gandhi’s government was not accepted only as a protector of the poor and underprivileged but as a strong government also.
6. Congress became popular among different social sections and restored dominance again.

Answer 26.
The Shah Commission was appointed in May 1977 by Janata Party government which was headed by J.C. Shah, retired Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of India to look into the matters of:

• Allegations of abuse of authority
• Excesses and malpractices
• Actions taken in the name of emergency proclaimed on 25 June 1975.

The Commission performed to examine various evidences to give testimonies even including Indira Gandhi to appear before Commission, but she refused to answer any questions.
Findings of Shah Commission :
(a) It found many ‘excesses’ committed during Emergency.
(b) Under preventive detention laws nearly one lakh eleven thousand people were arrested.
(c) Press censorship took place without any proper legal sanctions.
(d) Even general manager of Delhi Power Supply Corporation received verbal orders from the officers of the Lt. Governor of Delhi to cut electricity to all newspapers press at 2 a.m. on 26 June 1975.

The Government of India accepted the findings, observation and recommendations contained the two interim reports and their and final report of the Shah Commission. The reports were also tabled in the two houses of Parliament.

OR

Popular movements are the movements organised by dalits and farmers under the banner of various social organisations to voice their demands.
Issues related to women which brought social awareness among them:

1. Chipko movement spread across many parts of Uttarakhand and larger issues of ecological and economic exploitation were also raised. Government issued a ban on felling of tress in Himalayan region for fifteen years until green cover was fully restored. Active participation of women was also a very novel aspect of the movement.
2. Anti-arrack movement was the movement of rural women in Andhra Pradesh to protest against alcoholism, mafias and government. This movement focused on issues of sexual violence against women either within family or outside. Women joined the campaign against dowry and demanded personal and property laws based on gender  equality. These campaigns contributed a great deal in increasing social awareness as well as shifted from legal reforms to open social confrontations.
3. Throughout seventies and eighties, local fish workers’ organisations fought with the State governments over the issues of their livelihood. Fisheries being a State subject, the fish workers were mostly mobilised at the regional level. With the coming of policies of economic liberalisation in and around the mid eighties, these organisations were compelled to come together on a national level platform-the National Fishworkers’ Forum (NFF). Fish workers from Kerala took the main responsibility of mobilising fellow workers, including women workers of other states.

Answer 27.
Punjab Accord was an agreement signed between the then Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi and Harchand Singh Longowal, the then President of Akali Dal in 1985 to be known as ‘Rajiv Gandhi Longowal Accord’ also to create normalcy in Punjab:

• Chandigarh would be transferred to Punjab.
  
  Rajiv Gandhi and Harchand Singh Longowal, signatories of Punjab Accord of 1985
• To appoint a separate commission to resolve border dispute between Punjab and Haryana.
• To set up a tribunal to settle down the sharing of Ravi-Beas river water among Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan.
• To provide agreement for compensation to better treatment to those affected by militancy in Punjab.
• To withdraw the Armed Forces Special Power Act in Punjab.

But, peace could not be established easily in Punjab and resulted as follows:
(a) It led to many excesses by police and violation of human rights.
(b) It fragmented the Akali Dal.
(c) The President’s rule was imposed and normal political process was suspended.
(d) Hence, political process could not be restored in this atmosphere. Even during elections in 1992, only 24% electors turned out to vote.

Consequently above mentioned added to tension between Punjab and its neighbouring states.

OR

India should not change its foreign policy and focus more on friendship with US, but India is required to maintain healthy relations with Russia because India has experienced a long band of mutual trust, interests and popular perceptions with Russia in the following
manner:

1. Russia and India share a vision of multipolar world order i.e. co-existence of several world powers internationally, collective security, greater regionalism, democratisation with the decision-making through bodies like the UN.
2. More than 80 bilateral agreements have been experienced between India and Russia as a part of the Indo-Russia Strategic Agreement of 2001.
3. India has been benefited from its relationship on the issues like Kashmir, energy supplies, sharing information on international terrorism, access to Central Asia and balancing its relation with China.
4. Russia is also important for India’s nuclear energy plan and assisting India’s space industry by giving cryogenic rocket to India whenever needed.
5. Co-operation with Russia and its republics like Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan in the form of partnership and investment in oil fields has also benefitted India.
6. Russia is also benefitted from India on ground of the second largest arms market for Russia. Indian military gets most of its hardware from Russia.
7. Russia and India have collaborated on various scientific projects also.

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