Students can access the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science with Solutions and marking scheme Term 2 Set 11 will help students in understanding the difficulty level of the exam.
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Term 2 Set 11 with Solutions
Time allowed: 2 Hours
Maximum Marks: 40
General Instructions:
- The question paper has three sections as A,B and C.
- Section A has 8 questions of 2 marks each. Answer to these questions should be completed within 50 words each.
- Section B has 3 questions of 4 marks each. Answer to these questions should be completed within 100 words each. Answer of map question should be attempted accordingly.
- Section C has 2 question of 6 marks each. Answer to these questions should be completed within 170 words each.
Section A
Question 1.
‘In recent years india has paid adequate attention to ASEAN’. Give two points to justify the statement. (2)
Or
Explain ‘Miracle on the Han River’.
Answer:
In recent years ASEAN has become the key pillar of our foreign policy and also foundation of our Act East Policy. India has paid adequate attention to ASEAN in following manner
- The ASEAN-India Free Trade Agreement came into effect in 2010. This agreement reduced duties on almost 76% of goods.
- On 25th January, 2018, silver jubilee of India and ASEAN partnership was commemorated. Leaders released postal stamps to mark the event.
Or
‘Miracle on the Han River’ refers to the period of rapid economic growth in South Korea during which South Korea emerged as a centre of power in Asia. Between the 1960s and the 1980s South Korea developed from developing to developed country after hosting Summer Olympics and FIFA World Cup.
Question 2.
South Asia stands for diversity in every sense and yet constitutes one geo-political space. Do you agree with the statement? Give two reasons for your answer. (2)
Answer:
I agree with the statement “South Asia stands for diversity in every sense and yet constitutes one geo-political space” due to following reasons
(i) The mighty Himalayas in the North and the Vast Indian Ocean, the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal in the South-West and East respectively provide a natural insularity to the region which is largely responsible for the linguistic, social and cultural distinctiveness of the subcontinent.
(ii) The various countries in South Asia do not have the same kind of political systems but democracy has become an accepted norm in this region.
Question 3.
Why do you think India is now considered as an important centre of power? (2)
Answer:
The 21st century India is being seen as an important emerging centre of power due to following reasons
(i) The economic, cultural and strategic position of the country with the population of more than 135 crores is very strong.
(ii) From a strategic perspective, the military of India is self- sufficient with indigenous nuclear technology, making it another nuclear power.
(iii) From an economic perspective, targeting the goal of a $5 trillion economy, a competitive huge market, and ancient inclusive culture with 200 million people of Indian diaspora spreading across the globe impart distinct meaning and salience to India as a new center of power in the 21st century. (Any two points)
Question 4.
American involvement in South Asia has rapidly increased after the Cold War. Give two examples to illustrate. (2)
Answer:
Following reasons shows involvement of America in South Asia after Cold War
(i) The United States has good relations with both India and Pakistan since the end of the Cold War and increasingly works as a moderator in India- Pakistan relations.
(ii) The economic reforms and liberal economic policies in both the countries have greatly increased the depth of American participation in the region.
(iii) The large South Asian Diasporas in the US and the huge size of the population and markets of the region also give America an added stake in the future of regional security and peace. (Any two points)
Question 5.
Evaluate the role of SAARC in facilitating the economic cooperation in the South Asian region. (2)
Answer:
The role of SAARC is facilitating the economic cooperation in the South Asian region is given below
(i) The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is a major regional initiative by the South Asian States to evolve cooperation through multilateral means. It began in 1985 SAARC members signed the South Asian Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) in 2004 which promised the formation of a free trade zone for the whole of South Asia.
(ii) A new chapter on peace and cooperation might evolve in South Asia if all the countries in the region allow free trade across the borders.
Question 6.
The first general election was postponed twice. Give two reasons for the same. (2)
Answer:
The first general election was a mammoth exercise due to the following reasons
- 17 crore eligible voters were to elect about 3,200 MLAs and 489 members of Lok Sabha.
- Out of total voters list only 15% of the voters were literate.
- In the first draft of the rolls, names of nearly 40 lakh women were not recorded in the list. (Any two points)
Question 7.
Explicate two features of a Coalition Government. (2)
Answer:
The important features of Coalition Government are
- A Coalition Government is formed when no single party gets a majority and two or more than two parties join together a form a government.
- Various small parties usually play a crucial role in forming a Coalition Government.
- Position of the Head of Government usually remains weak as he/she has to appease all the stakeholders in the government. (Any two points)
Question 8.
Name the leader who led a peoples’ march to Parliament in 1975 and state as to what was unique about this march? (2)
Answer:
- Loknayak Jayaprakash Narayan was the leader who led peoples’ march to Parliament in 1975.
- The unique feature for this was that it was one of the largest political rallies that was ever held in the capital during those times.
Section B
Question 9.
Compare the European Union with ASEAN. (4)
Answer:
European Union and ASEAN can be compared basis of on the following points
The European Union
(i) After the Second World War, the Organisation for European Economic Cooperation (OECC) was established by America, under the Marshall Plan.
(ii) The process of economic integration of European capitalist countries proceeded systematically and the Council of Europe was established in 1949.
(iii) This led to the formation of the European Economic Community in 1957. After the collapse of Soviet bloc, European Union was established in 1992.
(iv) It has its own flag, anthem, founding date and currency. European Union was the world’s largest economy in 2005. It had a GDP of more than US $ 12 trillion in 2005. (Any two points)
ASEAN
(i) Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) was established in 1967 by five countries of this region -Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand by signing the Bangkok Declaration.
(ii) ASEAN countries have adopted the ‘ASEAN Way’ as a form of interaction that is informal, non-confrontationist and cooperative.
(iii) In 2003, ASEAN moved along the path of establishing an ASEAN Community comprising three pillars, namely, the ASEAN Security Community, the ASEAN Economic Community and the ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community.
(iv) ASEAN had several agreements in place by which member states promised to uphold peace, neutrality, cooperation, non- interference and respect for national differences and sovereign rights. ASEAN economy is growing much faster than other countries.
(v) ASEAN has focused on creating a Free Trade Area (FTA) for investment, labor and services. ASEAN Vision 2020 had defined an outward-looking role for ASEAN in the interantional community. ASEAN policy has been to encourage negotiation over conflicts in the region. (Any two points)
Question 10.
Describe various issues regarding the National Emergency of 1975 in India. (4)
Answer:
The various issues regarding the National Emergency of 1975 in India are as follows .
(i) During national emergency political workers were arrested and undue restrictions on the press were made.
(ii) The Emergency directly affected the lives of common people. Fundamental Rights of the people were suspended. Torture and custodial deaths took place during the Emergency and arbitrary relocation of poor people occursed.
(iii) The Constitution simply mentioned ‘internal disturbances’ as the reason for declaring Emergency. Before 1975, the Emergency was never proclaimed on this ground.
(iv) Although the then government argued that in a democracy, the opposition parties must allow the elected ruling party to govern according to its policies. It felt that frequent recourse to agitations; protests and collective action are not good for democracy.
(v) Supporters of the then Prime Minister also held that in a democracy, one cannot continuously have extra-parliamentary politics targeting the government. This leads to instability and distracts the administration from its routine task of ensuring development. (Any four points)
Question 11.
In the given outline political map of India, four states have been marked as (A), (B), (C), (D). Identify these states on the basis of the information given below and write their correct names in your answer book along with their respective serial number of the information used and the concerned alphabets as per format that follows (4)
(i) The state to which Minister for Communications in the first ministry of free India belonged.
(ii) The state to which the former Prime Minister Morarji Desai was related
(iii) The state to which S. Nijalingappa belonged.
(iv) The state related to former Congress President K. Kamraj.
| Sr. Number of the information used | Alphabet concerned | Name of State |
| (i) | ||
| (ii) | ||
| (iii) | ||
| (iv) |
Answer:
| Sr. Number of the information used | Alphabet concerned | Name of State |
| (i) | A | Uttar Pradesh |
| (ii) | C | Gujarat |
| (iii) | B | Karnataka |
| (iv) | D | Tamil Nadu |
Section C
Question 12.
“Peace and prosperity of countries lay in the establishment and strengthening of regional economic organisations”. Critically evaluate the statement. (6)
Or
Give an account of the changing role of state in the light of Globalisation.
Answer:
‘Peace and prosperity of countries lay in establishing and strengthening of regional economic
organisations’. This statement can be evaluated with the help of the following points:
- The members of regional organisations resolve their mutual differences and adopt Foreign Trade Policy, thus give way to their economic development.
- Backward countries also get a chance for their development and thus, employment also increases.
- Standard of living of every country is improved.
- They get facilities of quality education, health and transport.
- When the public is satisfied, then its trust in Nation’s policy increases and thus along with its capability, public then corporates in policies, of government which brings peace and prosperity in a country.
- There are no chances of public outrage.
Or
The changing role of state in the light of globalisation can be understood with the help of following points
(i) Globalisation results in an erosion of state capacity, i.e. the ability of government to do what they do.
(ii) All over the world, the old welfare state is now giving way to a more minimalist state that performs certain core functions, such as, the maintenance of law and order and the security of its citizens.
(iii) The entry and the increased role of multinational companies all over the world leads to a reduction in the capacity of government to take decisions on their own.
(iv) Globalisation has also reduced the power of states to decide national and foreign policy voluntarily. They have been forced to follow the policies and decisions of international organisations.
(v) There has been a change in the role of the state in making and implementing strict rules of import-export. Because globalisation is based on the concept of rapid flow of people, things and ideas. Therefore, the barriers to permits, licenses etc. have been reduced, due to which the role of the state has also been reduced.
(vi) In some respects state capacity has received a boost as a consequence of globalisation, with enhanced technologies available at the disposal of the state to collect information about its citizen. With the information, the state is better able to rule, not less able.
Question 13.
Critically evaluate the six main issues in Indian politics during the 21st century. (6)
Or
Discuss the impact of the relationship between the Judiciary and the Executive during emergency period in India.
Answer:
The six main issues of Indian politics during 21st century are as follows
(i) Triple Talaq Rights of women and dignity were upheld in the judgement and an end was put to the exploitation and insecurity of women.
(ii) Article 370 Special status of Jammu and Kashmir revoked, reaffirming that it is an integral part of India.
(iii) Farm Laws Repeal There were a year-long protest of farmers largely across Punjab and Western Uttar Pradesh and surmounting pressure on the government by Dhama-in Delhi. This led to the intervention of Judiciary and formation of an expert committee. Finally, led to its repeal.
(iv) CAA-NRC Law To fast rack citizenship for minorities in neighbouring states, how’ever accumulated fears within Indian communities which led to country wide protests. Judiciary had to intervene. Finally, implementation was put on hold by the government.
(v) Ram Janmabhoomi This was a centuries long dispute and was reignited in the 1990s. It shaped the discourse of Indian Politics (rise of BJP). The case went to Supreme Court after Allahabad Court’s judgement in 2010. An expert committee was formed by the Supreme Court. Finally judgement came in 2019 and the matter was put to rest.
(vi) Majoritarian government (single party) in 2014 and 2019, yet followed the pre-poll alliance (NDA).
Or
The impact of the conflict between the Judiciary and the Executive during emergency period in India were as follows:
(i) The Indira Gandhi government brought in many changes in Constitution that declared that election of Prime Minister, President and Vice President could not be challenged in court.
(ii) The government made extensive use of Preventive Detention.
(iii) To give preference to Directive Principles of State Policy over Fundamental Rights. Due to this provision, any person could be deprived of even his fundamental rights. Along with this, this amendment completely dwarfed the judiciary. At the same time, immense powers were given to the legislature.
(iv) The government also superseded the practices of the Supreme Court in appointing its Chief Justice.
(v) The term of the Parliament was also increased from five years to six years.
(vi) Under the provisions of emergency, the various Fundamental Rights of citizens stood suspended, including the right of citizens to move the court for restoring their Fundamental Rights.
(vii) Judiciary delivered various controversial judgements; did not perform its role properly. No constitutional rule of law prevailed; this was called as the dark period of democracy; no media freedom and opposition was in jail. Judiciary and Executive acted as one entity, with judiciary not keeping a check on the actions of the executive. By way of 42nd Amendment, detention was removed from judicial review. (Any six points)