Circles Class 10 Extra Questions Maths Chapter 10 with Solutions Answers

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Online Education Extra Questions for Class 10 Maths Circles with Answers Solutions

Extra Questions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 10 Circles with Solutions Answers

Circles Class 10 Extra Questions Very Short Answer Type

Class 10 Circles Extra Questions Question 1.
If a point P is 17 cm from the centre of a circle of radius 8 cm, then find the length of the tangent drawn to the circle from point P.
Solution:
Circles Class 10 Extra Questions
OA ⊥ PA (∵ radius is ⊥ to tangent at point of contact)
∴ In ∆OAP, we have
PO2 = PA2 + AO2
⇒ (17)2 = (PA)2 + (8)2
(PA)2 = 289 – 64 = 225
⇒ PA = √225 = 15
Hence, the length of the tangent from point P is 15 cm.

Circle Class 10 Extra Questions With Solutions Question 2.
The length of the tangent to a circle from a point P, which is 25 cm away from the centre, is 24 cm. What is the radius of the circle?
Solution:
Class 10 Circles Extra Questions
∵ OQ ⊥ PQ
∴ PQ2 + QO2 = OP2
⇒ 252 = OQ2 + 242
or OQ = √625 – √576
= √49 = 7 cm

Circles Extra Questions Class 10 Question 3.
In Fig. 8.6, ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral. If ∠BAC = 50° and ∠DBC = 60° then find ∠BCD.
Solution:
Circle Class 10 Extra Questions With Solutions
Here ∠BDC = ∠BAC = 50° (angles in same segment are equal)
In ABCD, we have
∠BCD = 180° – (∠BDC + ∠DBC)
= 180° – (50° + 60°)= 70°

Extra Questions Of Circles Class 10 Question 4.
In Fig. 8.7, the quadrilateral ABCD circumscribes a circle with centre O. If ∠AOB = 115°, then find ∠COD.
Solution:
Circles Extra Questions Class 10
∵ ∠AOB = ∠COD (vertically opposite angles)
∴ ∠COD = 115°

Extra Questions On Circles Class 10 Question 5.
In Fig. 8.8, AABC is circumscribing a circle. Find the length of BC.
Extra Questions Of Circles Class 10
Solution:
AN = AM = 3 cm [Tangents drawn from an external point]
BN = BL = 4 cm [Tangents drawn from an external point]
CL = CM = AC – AM = 9 – 3 = 6 cm
⇒ BC = BL + CL = 4 + 6 = 10 cm.

Extra Questions For Class 10 Maths Circles With Solutions Question 6.
In Fig. 8.9, O is the centre of a circle, PQ is a chord and the tangent PR at P makes an angle of 50° with PQ. Find ∠POQ.
Solution:
Extra Questions On Circles Class 10
∠OPQ = 90° – 50° = 40°
OP = OQ [Radii of a circle]
∠OPQ = ∠OQP = 40°
(Equal opposite sides have equal opposite angles)
∠POQ = 180° – ∠OPQ – ∠OQP
= 180° – 40° – 40° = 100°

Class 10 Maths Circles Extra Questions Question 7.
If two tangents inclined at an angle 60° are drawn to a circle of radius 3 cm, then find the length of each tangent.
Solution:
Extra Questions For Class 10 Maths Circles With Solutions
In Fig. 8.10
∆AOP ≅ ∆BOP (By SSS congruence criterion)
∠APO = ∠BPO = \(\frac{60°}{2}\) = 30°
In ∆AOP, OA ⊥ AP
∴ tan 30° = \(\frac{OA}{AP}\)
⇒ \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\) = \(\frac{3}{AP}\)
⇒ AP = 3√3 cm

Circles Class 10 Important Questions Question 8.
If radii of two concentric circles are 4 cm and 5 cm, then find the length of each chord of one circle which is tangent to the other circle.
Solution:
Class 10 Maths Circles Extra Questions
OA = 4 cm, OB = 5 cm
Also, OA ⊥ BC
∴ OB2 = OA2 + AB2
⇒ 52 = 42 + AB2
⇒ AB = √25 – √16 = 3 cm
⇒ BC = 2 AB = 2 × 3 = 6 cm

Class 10 Maths Chapter 10 Extra Questions Question 9.
PQ is a tangent drawn from a point P to a circle with centre O and QOR is a diameter of the circle such that ∠POR = 120° then find ∠OPQ.
Solution:
Circles Class 10 Important Questions
∠OQP = 90°
∠QOP = 180° – 120° = 60°
∠OPQ = 180° – ∠OQP – ∠QOP
= 180° – 90° – 60°
= 30°

Circle Extra Questions Class 10 Question 10.
From an external point P, tangents PA and PB are drawn to a circle with centre O. If ∠PAB = 50°, then find ∠AOB.
Class 10 Maths Chapter 10 Extra Questions
Solution:
∵ PA = PB ⇒ ∠BAP = ∠ABP = 50°
∴ ∠APB = 180° – 50° – 50° = 80°
∴ ∠AOB = 180° – 80° = 100°

Circles Chapter Class 10 Extra Questions Question 11.
In PQ is a tangent at a point C to a circle with centre O. If AB is a diameter and ∠CAB = 30°, find ∠PCA.
Solution:
Circle Extra Questions Class 10
∠ACB = 90° (Angle in the semicircle)
∠CAB = 30° (given)
In ∆ABC,
90° + 30° + ∠ABC = 180°
⇒ ∠ABC = 60°
Now, ∠PCA = ∠ABC (Angles in the alternate segment)
∴ ∠PCA = 60°
or
Construction: Join O to C.
∠PCO = 90° [∵ Line joining centre to point of contact is perpendicular to PQ]
In ∆AOC, OA = OC [Radii of circle]
∴ ∠OAC = ∠OCA = 30° [Equal sides have equal opp. angles]
Now, ∠PCA = ∠PCO – ∠ACO
= 90° – 30° = 60°

Extra Question Of Circle Class 10 Question 12.
In fig. 8.16, there are two concentric circles with centre O. PRT and PQS are tangents to the inner circle from a point P lying on the outer circle. If PR = 5 cm, find the length of PS.
Solution:
Circles Chapter Class 10 Extra Questions
PQ = PR = 5 cm [∵ Tangents drawn from external point are equal] PK
∴ PS = 2PQ = 10 cm [∵ Perpendicular drawn from centre to the chord bisects the chord]

Circles Class 10 Extra Questions Short Answer Type 1

State true or false for each of the following and justify your answer (Q. 1 to 3)

Circles Class 10 Extra Questions State Syllabus Question 1.
AB is a diameter of a circle and AC is its chord such that ∠BAC = 30°. If the tangent at C intersects AB extended at D, then BC = BD.
Solution:
Extra Question Of Circle Class 10
True, Join OC,
∠ACB = 90° (Angle in semi-circle)
∴ ∠OBC = 180o – (90° + 30°) = 60°
Since, OB = OC = radii of same circle [Fig. 8.16]
∴ ∠OBC = ∠OCB = 60°
Also, ∠OCD = 90°
⇒ ∠BCD = 90° – 60° = 30°
Now, ∠OBC = ∠BCD + ∠BDC (Exterior angle property)
⇒ 60° = 30° + ∠BDC
⇒ ∠BDC = 30°
∵ ∠BCD = ∠BDC = 30°
∴ BC = BD

Class 10 Circles Important Questions Question 2.
The length of tangent from an external point P on a circle with centre O is always less than OP.
Circles Class 10 Extra Questions State Syllabus
Solution:
True, let PQ be the tangent from the external point P.
Then ∆PQO is always a right angled triangle with OP as the hypotenuse. So, PQ is always less than OP.

Circles Class 10 Questions With Solutions Question 3.
If angle between two tangents drawn from a point P to a circle of radius ‘a’ and centre 0 is 90°, then OP = a√2.
Class 10 Circles Important Questions
Solution:
True, let PQ and PR be the tangents
Since ∠P = 90°, so ∠QOR = 90°
Also, OR = OQ = a
∴ PQOR is a square
Circles Class 10 Extra Questions Maths Chapter 10 with Solutions Answers 16

Extra Questions Of Chapter Circles Class 10 Question 4.
In Fig. 8.20, PA and PB are tangents to the circle drawn from an external point P. CD is the third tangent touching the circle at Q. If PA = 15 cm, find the perimeter of ∆PCD.
Circles Class 10 Questions With Solutions
Solution:
∵ PA and PB are tangent from same external point
∴ PA = PB = 15 cm
Now, Perimeter of ∆PCD = PC + CD + DP = PC + CQ + QD + DP
= PC + CA + DB + DP
= PA + PB = 15 + 15 = 30 cm

Chapter 10 Maths Class 10 Extra Questions Question 5.
In Fig. 8.21, PA and PB are tangents to the circle from an external point P. CD is another tangent touching the circle at Q. If PA = 12 cm, QC = QD = 3 cm, then find PC + PD.
Extra Questions Of Chapter Circles Class 10
Solution:
PA = PC + CA = PC + CQ [∵ CA = CQ (tangents drawn An from external point are equal)]
⇒ 12 = PC + 3 = PC = 9 cm
∵ PA = PB = PA – AC = PB – BD
⇒ PC = PD
∴ PD = 9 cm
Hence, PC + PD = 18 cm

Extra Questions Circles Class 10 Question 6.
Prove that the line segment joining the points of contact of two parallel tangents of a circle, passes through its centre.
Circles Class 10 Extra Questions Maths Chapter 10 with Solutions Answers 19
Solution:
Let the tangents to a circle with centre O be ABC and XYZ.
Construction : Join OB and OY.
Draw OP||AC
Since AB||PO
∠ABO + ∠POB = 180° (Adjacent interior angles)
∠ABO = 90° (A tangent to a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of contact)
90° + ∠POB = 180° = ∠POB = 90°
Similarly ∠POY = 90°
∠POB + ∠POY = 90° + 90° = 180°
Hence, BOY is a straight line passing through the centre of the circle.

Circles Class 10 Important Questions With Solutions Question 7.
If from an external point P of a circle with centre 0, two tangents PQ and PR are drawn such that QPR = 120°, prove that 2PQ = PO.
Circles Class 10 Extra Questions Maths Chapter 10 with Solutions Answers 20
Solution:
Given, ∠QPR = 120°
Radius is perpendicular to the tangent at the point of contact.
∠OQP = 90°
⇒ ∠QPO = 60°
(Tangents drawn to a circle from an external point are equally inclined to the segment, joining the centre to that point)
Circles Class 10 Extra Questions Maths Chapter 10 with Solutions Answers 21
2PQ = PO

Questions On Circles For Class 10 Question 8.
In Fig. 8.24, common tangents AB and CD to two circles with centres , and 0, intersect at E. Prove that AB = CD.
Circles Class 10 Extra Questions Maths Chapter 10 with Solutions Answers 22
Solution:
AE = CE and BE = ED [Tangents drawn from an external point are equal]
On addition, we get
AE + BE = CE + ED
∠QPO = 60°
⇒ AB = CD

Circles Class 10 Extra Questions Pdf Download Question 9.
The incircle of an isosceles triangle ABC, in which AB = AC, touches the sides BC, CA and AB at D, E and F respectively. Prove that BD = DC.
OR
In Fig. 8.25, if AB = AC, prove that BE = EC.
[Note: D, E, F replace by F, D, E]
Circles Class 10 Extra Questions Maths Chapter 10 with Solutions Answers 23
Solution:
Circles Class 10 Extra Questions Maths Chapter 10 with Solutions Answers 24
Given, AB = AC
We have, BF + AF = AE + CE ….(i)
AB, BC and CA are tangents to the circle at F, D and E respectively.
∴ BF = BD, AE = AF and CE = CD ….(ii)
From (i) and (ii)
BD + AE = AE + CD (∵ AF = AE)
⇒ BD = CD

Question 10.
In Fig. 8.27, XP and XQ are two tangents to the circle with centre O, drawn from an external point X. ARB is another tangent, touching the circle at R. Prove that XA + AR = XB + BR.
Circles Class 10 Extra Questions Maths Chapter 10 with Solutions Answers 25
Solution:
In the given figure,
AP = AR
BR = BQ
XP = XQ [Tangent to a circle from an external point are equal]
XA + AP = XB + BQ
XA + AR = XB + BR [AP = AR, BQ = BR]

Question 11.
In Fig. 8.28, a circle is inscribed in a AABC, such that it touches the sides AB, BC and CA at points D, E and F respectively. If the lengths of sides AB, BC and CA are 12 cm, 8 cm and 10 cm respectively, find the lengths of AD, BE and CF.
Circles Class 10 Extra Questions Maths Chapter 10 with Solutions Answers 26
Solution:
Let AD = AF = x
∴ DB = BE = 12 – x
and CF = CE = 10 – x
BC = BE + EC
⇒ 8 = 12 – x + 10 – x
⇒ x = 7
∴ AD = 7 cm, BE = 12 – 7 = 5 cm, CF = 10 – 7 = 3 cm

Question 12.
In Fig. 8.29, AP and BP are tangents to a circle with centre 0, such that AP = 5 cm and ∠APB = 60°. Find the length of chord AB.
Circles Class 10 Extra Questions Maths Chapter 10 with Solutions Answers 27
Solution:
PA = PB (Tangents from an external point are equal)
and ∠APB = 60°
⇒ ∠PAB = ∠PBA = 60°
∴ ∆PAB is an equilateral triangle.
Hence AB = PA = 5 cm.

Question 13.
In Fig. 8.30 from an external point P, two tangents PT and PS are drawn to a circle with centre 0 and radius r. If OP = 2r, show that ∠OTS = ∠OST = 30°.
Circles Class 10 Extra Questions Maths Chapter 10 with Solutions Answers 28
Solution:
Let ∠TOP = θ
∴ cos θ = \(\frac{OT}{OP}\) = \(\frac{r}{2r}\) =\(\frac{1}{2}\)
⇒ cos θ = cos 60°
⇒ θ = 60°
Hence, ∠TOS = 120°
In ∆OTS, OT = OS [Radii of circle]
⇒ ∠OTS = ∠OST = \(\frac{60^{\circ}}{2}\) = 30°

Question 14.
In Fig. 8.31, are two concentric circles of radii 6 cm and 4 cm with centre O. If AP is a tangent to the larger circle and BP to the smaller circle and length of AP is 8 cm, find the length of BP.
Circles Class 10 Extra Questions Maths Chapter 10 with Solutions Answers 29
Solution:
OA = 6 cm, OB = 4 cm, AP = 8 cm
OP2 = OA2 + AP2 = 36 + 64 = 100
⇒ OP = 10 cm
BP2 = OP2 – OB2 = 100 – 16 = 84
⇒ BP = 2√21 cm

Question 15.
In fig. 8.32, PQ is a tangent from an external point P to a circle with centre ( and OP cuts the circle at T and QOR is a diameter. If ∠POR = 130° and S is a point on the circle, find R 21 + 22.
Circles Class 10 Extra Questions Maths Chapter 10 with Solutions Answers 30
Solution:
∵ ∠POR = 130o = ∠ROT [∵ Angle subtended by an arc at the centre is double than the angle subtended by it at any part of circumference]
∠2 = \(\frac{1}{2}\) ∠ROT = \(\frac{1}{2}\) × 130° = 65°
∠POQ = 180° – 130° = 50° [Linear pair]
and ∠Q = 90°
∴ ∠1 = 40°[∵ Line drawn from centre to the point of contact is perpendicular to the tangent]
Hence ∠2 + ∠1 = 65° + 40° = 105° .

Circles Class 10 Extra Questions Short Answer Type 2

Question 1.
A tangent PQ at a point P of a circle of radius 5 cm meets a line through the centre 0 at a point so that OQ = 12 cm. Find the length of PQ.
Circles Class 10 Extra Questions Maths Chapter 10 with Solutions Answers 31
Solution:
We have, ∠OPQ = 90°
OQ = 12 cm and OP = 5 cm
∴ By Pythagoras Theorem
OQ2 = OP2 + QP2
⇒ 122 = 52 + QP2
⇒ QP2 = 144 – 25 = 119
= QP = √119 cm

Question 2.
From a point l, the length of the tangent to a circle is 24 cm and the distance of Q from the centre is 25 cm. Find the radius of the circle.
Solution:
Circles Class 10 Extra Questions Maths Chapter 10 with Solutions Answers 32
Let QT be the tangent and OT be the radius of circle. Therefore
OT ⊥ QT i.e., ∠OTQ = 90°
and OQ = 25 cm and QT = 24 cm
Now, by Pythagoras Theorem, we have
OQ2 = QT2 + OT2
⇒ 252 = 242 + OT2
⇒ OT2 = 252 – 242
⇒ 625 – 576
OT2 – 49
∴ OT = 7 cm

Question 3.
In Fig. 8.35, if TP and TQ are the two tangents to a circle with centre 0 so that ∠POQ = 110°, then find ∠PTQ.
Solution:
Circles Class 10 Extra Questions Maths Chapter 10 with Solutions Answers 33
Since TP and TQ are the tangents to the circle with centre O
So, OPIPT and OQ ⊥ QT
⇒ ∠OPT = 90°, ∠OQT = 90° and ∠POQ = 110°
So, in quadrilateral OPTQ, we have
∠POQ + ∠OPT + ∠PTQ + ∠TQO = 360°
⇒ 110° + 90° + ∠PTQ + 90° = 360°
⇒ ∠PTQ + 290° = 360°
∴ ∠PTQ = 360° – 290°
= ∠PTQ = 70°

Question 4.
Prove that the tangents drawn at the ends of a diameter of a circle are parallel.
Solution:
Circles Class 10 Extra Questions Maths Chapter 10 with Solutions Answers 34
Let AB be the diameter of the given circle with centre O, and two tangents PQ and LM are drawn at the end of diameter AB respectively.
Р. Now, since the tangent at a point to a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of contact.
Therefore, OA ⊥ PQ and OB ⊥ LM
i.e., AB ⊥ PQ and also AB ⊥ LM
⇒ ∠BAQ = ∠ABL (each 90°)
∴ PQ||LM (∵ ∠BAQ and ∠ABL are alternate angles)

Question 5.
If tangents PA and PB from a point P to a circle with centre O are inclined to each other at angle of 80°, then find ∠POA.
Solution:
Circles Class 10 Extra Questions Maths Chapter 10 with Solutions Answers 35
∵ PA and PB are tangents to a circle with centre O,
∴ OA ⊥ AP and OB ⊥ PB
i.e., ∠APB = 80°, ∠OAP = 90°, and ∠OBP = 90°
Now, in quadrilateral OAPB, we have
∠APB + ∠PBO + ∠BOA + ∠OAP = 360°
⇒ 80° + 90° + ∠BOA + 90o = 360°
⇒ 260° + ∠BOA = 360°
∴ ∠BOA = 360° – 260°
⇒ ∠BOA = 100°
Now, in ∆POA and APOB we have
OP = OP (Common)
ОА = ОВ (Radii of the same circle)
∠OAP = ∠OBP = 90°
∴ ∆POA ≅ APOB (RHS congruence condition)
⇒ ∠POA = ∠POB (CPCT)
Now, ∠POA = \(\frac{1}{2}\) = ∠BOA = \(\frac{1}{2}\) × 100 = 50°

Question 6.
The length of a tangent from a point A at distance 5 cm from the centre of the circle is 4 cm. Find the radius of the circle.
Circles Class 10 Extra Questions Maths Chapter 10 with Solutions Answers 36
Solution:
Let O be the centre and P be the point of contact.
Since tangent to a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of contact,
∴ ∠OPA = 90° Now, in right ∆OPA we have
OA2 = OP2 + PA2 [By Pythagoras Theorem]
52 = OP2 + 42
= 25 = OP2 + 16
⇒ OP2 = 25 – 16 = 9
∴ OP = 3cm
Hence, the radius of the circle is 3 cm.

Question 7.
Two concentric circles are of radii 5 cm and 3 cm. Find the length of the chord of the larger circle which touches the smaller circle.
Solution:
Circles Class 10 Extra Questions Maths Chapter 10 with Solutions Answers 37
Let O be the common centre of two concentric circles and let AB be a chord of larger circle
touching the smaller circle at P. Join OP.
Since OP is the radius of the smaller circle and AB is tangent to this circle at P,
∴ OP ⊥ AB
We know that the perpendicular drawn from the centre of a circle to any chord of the circle bisects the chord.
Therefore, AP = BP
In right ∆APO we have
⇒ OA2 = AP2 + OP2
⇒ 52 = AP2 + 32
⇒ 25 – 9 = AP2
⇒ AP2 = 16
⇒ AP = 4
Now, AB = 2.AP = 2 × 4 = 8 [∵ AP = PB]
Hence, the length of the chord of the larger circle which touches the smaller circle is 8 cm.

Question 8.
Prove that the tangents drawn at the ends of a chord of circle make equal angles with the chord.
Solution:
Circles Class 10 Extra Questions Maths Chapter 10 with Solutions Answers 38
Given: A circle with centre O, PA and PB are tangents drawn at the ends A and B on chord AB.
To prove: ∠PAB = ∠PBA
Construction: Join OA and OB.
Proof: In ∆OAB we have
ОА = ОВ … (i) [Radii of the same circle]
∠2 = ∠1 … (ii) [Angles opposite to equal sides of a A]
Also (∠2 + ∠3 = ∠1 + 24) …(iii) [Both 90° as Radius ⊥ Tangent]
Subtracting (ii) from (iii), we have
∴ ∠3 = ∠4 = ∠PAB = ∠PBA

Question 9.
Prove that the perpendicular at the point of contact to the tangent to a circle passes through the centre.
Circles Class 10 Extra Questions Maths Chapter 10 with Solutions Answers 39
Solution:
Let LM be tangent drawn at the point P on the circle with centre O. Join OP. If possible, let PQ be perpendicular to LM, not passing through O.
Now, since tangent at a point to a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point.
∴ OP ⊥ LM ⇒ ∠OPM = 90°
Also, ∠QPM = 90° (as assumed above)
∴ ∠OPM = ∠QPM,
which is possible only when points O and I coincide
Hence, the perpendicular at the point of contact to tangent to a circle passes through the centre.

Question 10.
A quadrilateral ABCD is drawn to circumscribe a circle (Fig. 8.42). Prove that AB + CD = AD + BC.
OR
A circle touches all the four sides of a quadrilateral ABCD. Prove that AB + CD = BC + DA
Circles Class 10 Extra Questions Maths Chapter 10 with Solutions Answers 40
Solution:
Since lengths of two tangents drawn from an external point of circle are equal,
Therefore, AP = AS, BP = BQ and DR = DS
CR = CQ (Where P, Q, R and S are the points of contact]
Adding all these, we have
(AP + BP) + (CR + RD) = (BQ + CQ) + (DS + AS)
⇒ AB + CD = BC + DA

Question 11.
A circle is touching the side BC of AABC at P and touching AB and AC produced at Q and R respectively. Prove that AQ = \(\frac{1}{2}\) (perimeter of ∆ABC).
Solution:
Circles Class 10 Extra Questions Maths Chapter 10 with Solutions Answers 41
Since tangents from an exterior point to a circle are equal in length.
∴ BP = BQ [Tangents from B] …(i)
CP = CR [Tangents from C] … (ii)
and, AQ = AR [Tangents from A] …(iii)
From (iii), we have
AQ = AR
⇒ AB + BQ = AC + CR
AB + BP
⇒ AC + CP (Using (i) and (ii)] …(iv)
Now, perimeter of AABC = AB + BC + AC
= AB + (BP.+ PC) + AC
= (AB + BP) + (AC + PC)
= 2(AB + BP) [Uisng (iv)]
= 2(AB + BQ) = 2AQ [Using (i)]
AQ = \(\frac{1}{2}\) (Perimeter of ∆ABC)

Question 12.
The difference between the radii of the smaller circle and the larger circle is 7 cm and the difference between the areas of the two circles is 1078 sq. cm. Find the radius of the smaller circle.
Solution:
Given: r2 – r1 = 7 (r2 > r1) …(i)
and π(r22 – r12) = 1078
π (r2 – r1) (r2 + r1) = 1078
π (r2 + r1) = 1078 [(From equation (i)]
⇒ r2 + r1 = \(\frac{1078 \times 7}{22 \times 7}\) = 49…(ii)
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
2r2 = 56
⇒ r2 = 28 cm
r1 = 21 cm [From equation (ii)]
∴ Radius of smaller circle = 21 cm.

Circles Class 10 Extra Questions Long Answer Type 1

Question 1.
Prove that the tangent to a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of contact.
Solution:
Given: A circle C(O,r) and a tangent AB at a point P.
To Prove: OP ⊥ AB.
Construction: Take any point l, other than P, on the tangent AB. Join OQ. Suppose OQ meets the circle at R.
Proof: We know that among all line segments joining the point to a point on AB, the shortest one is perpendicular to AB. So, to prove that OP ⊥ AB it is sufficient to prove that OP is shorter than any other segment joining O to any point of AB.
Circles Class 10 Extra Questions Maths Chapter 10 with Solutions Answers 42
Clearly, OP = OR [Radii of the same circle]
Now, OQ = OR + RQ
⇒ OQ > OR
⇒ OQ > OP [∵OP = OR]
Thus, OP is shorter than any other segment joining O to any point on AB.
Hence, OP ⊥ AB.

Question 2.
Prove that the lengths of two tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal.
Solution:
Circles Class 10 Extra Questions Maths Chapter 10 with Solutions Answers 43
Given: AP and AQ are two tangents from a point A to a circle C (O, r).
To Prove: AP = AQ
Construction: Join OP, OQ and OA.
Proof: In order to prove that AP = AQ, we shall first prove that ∆OPA ≅ ∆OQA.
Since a tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of contact.
∴ OP ⊥ AP and OQ ⊥ AQ
⇒ ∠OPA = ∠OQA = 90°
Now, in right triangles OPA and OQA, we have
OP = OQ [Radii of a circle]
∠OPA = ∠OQA [Each 90°]
and OA = OA [Common]
So, by RHS-criterion of congruence, we get
∆OPA ≅ OQA
⇒ AP = AQ [CPCT]
Hence, lengths of two tangents from an external point are equal.

Question 3.
Prove that the parallelogram circumscribing a circle is a rhombus.
Solution:
Circles Class 10 Extra Questions Maths Chapter 10 with Solutions Answers 44
Let ABCD be a parallelogram such that its sides touch a circle with centre O.
We know that the tangents to a circle from an exterior point are equal in length.
Therefore, we have
AP = AS [Tangents from A]
BP = BQ [Tangents from B] …. (ii)
CR = CQ [Tangents from C] …. (iii)
And DR = DS [Tangents from D] …. (iv)
Adding (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv), we have
(AP + BP) + (CR + DR) = (AS + DS) + (BQ + CQ)
AB + CD = AD + BC
AB + AB = BC + BC [∵ ABCD is a parallelogram ∴ AB = CD, BC = DA]
2AB = 2BC ⇒ AB = BC
Thus, AB = BC = CD = AD
Hence, ABCD is a rhombus.

Question 4.
In Fig. 8.47, PQ is a chord of length 16 cm, of a circle of radius 10 cm. The tangents at P and Q intersect at a point T. Find the length of TP.
Solution:
Given: PQ = 16 cm
PO = 10 cm
Circles Class 10 Extra Questions Maths Chapter 10 with Solutions Answers 45

Question 5.
If PQ is a tangent drawn from an external point P to a circle with centre O and QOR is a diameter where length of QOR is 8 cm such that ∠POR = 120°, then find OP and PQ.
Solution:
Let O be the centre and QOR = 8 cm is diameter of a circle. PQ is tangent such that ∠POR = 120°
Circles Class 10 Extra Questions Maths Chapter 10 with Solutions Answers 46

Question 6.
In Fig. 8.49, two equal circles, with centres O and O’, touch each other at X.OO’ produced meets the circle with centre O’ at A. AC is tangent to the circle with centre 0, at the point C. O’D is perpendicular to AC. Find the value of \(\frac{DO’}{CO}\) .
Solution:
Circles Class 10 Extra Questions Maths Chapter 10 with Solutions Answers 47
AC is tangent to circle with centre O.
Thus ∠ACO = 90°
In ∆AO’D and ∆AOC
∠ADO’ = ∠ACO = 90°
∠A = ∠A (Common)
∴ ∆AO’D – ∠AOC (By AA similarity)
Circles Class 10 Extra Questions Maths Chapter 10 with Solutions Answers 48

Question 7.
In Fig. 8.50, O is the centre of a circle of radius 5 cm. T is a point such that OT = 13 cm and OT intersects circle at E. If AB is a tangent to the circle at E, find the length of AB, where TP and TQ are two tangents to the circle.
Circles Class 10 Extra Questions Maths Chapter 10 with Solutions Answers 49
Solution:
In right ∆POT
Circles Class 10 Extra Questions Maths Chapter 10 with Solutions Answers 50
TE = 8 cm
Let PA = AE = x
(Tangents from an external point to a circle are equal)
In right ∆AET
TA2 = TE2 + EA2
⇒ (12 – x)2 = 64 + x2
⇒ 144 + x2 – 24x = 64 + x2
⇒ x = \(\frac{80}{24}\)
⇒ x = 3.3 cm
Thus, AB = 6.6 cm

Circles Class 10 Extra Questions HOTS

Question 1.
Prove that opposite sides of a quadrilateral circumscribing a circle subtend supplementary angles at the centre of the circle.
Solution:
Circles Class 10 Extra Questions Maths Chapter 10 with Solutions Answers 51
Let a circle with centre O touches the sides AB, BC, CD and DA of a D quadrilateral ABCD at the points P, Q, R and S respectively. Then, we have to prove that
∠AOB + ∠COD = 180° and ∠AOD + ∠BOC = 180°
Now, Join OP, OQ, OR and OS.
Since the two tangents drawn from an external point to a circle subtend equal angles at the centre.
∴ ∠1 = ∠2, ∠3 = 24, 25 = 26 and 27 = 28 …(i)
Now, 21 + 22 +23 + 24 + 25 +26+ 27 + ∠8 = 360° … (ii)
[sum of all the angles subtended at a point is 360°]
⇒ 2(∠2 + ∠3 + ∠6 + ∠7) = 360° [using equation (i) and (ii)]
= (∠2 + ∠3) + (∠6 + ∠7) = 180°
∠AOB + ∠COD = 180°
again 2(∠1 + ∠8 +∠4 + ∠5) = 360° [from (i) and (ii)]
(∠1 + ∠8) + (∠4 + ∠5) = 180°
∠AOD + ∠BOC = 180°

Question 2.
A triangle ABC [Fig. 8.52] is drawn to circumscribe a circle of radius 4 cm such that the segments BD and DC into which BC is divided by the point of contact D are of lengths 8 cm and 6 cm respectively. Find the sides AB and AC.
Solution:
Circles Class 10 Extra Questions Maths Chapter 10 with Solutions Answers 52
Let ∆ABC be drawn to circumscribe a circle with centre O and radius 4 cm and circle touches the sides BC, CA and AB at D, E and 6 cm F respectively.
We have given that CD = 6 cm and BD = 8 cm
∴ BF = BD = 8 cm and CE = CD = 6 cm
{Length of two tangents drawn from an external point of circle are equal}
Now, let AF = AE = x cm
Then, AB = c = (x + 8) cm, BC = a = 14 cm, CA = b = (x + 6) cm
2s = (x + 8) + 14 + (x + 6) 25 = 2x + 28 or s = x + 14
s – a = (x + 14) – 14 = x
s – b = (x + 14) – (x + 6) = 8
s – c = (x + 14) – (x + 8) = 6
Circles Class 10 Extra Questions Maths Chapter 10 with Solutions Answers 53

Squaring both sides, we have
48x (x + 14) = 16(x + 14)2 = 48x (x + 14) – 16 (x + 14)2 = 0
16 (x + 14) (3x – (x + 14)] = 0
⇒ 16(x + 14)(2x – 14) = 0
either 16(x + 14) = 0 or 2x – 14 = 0
⇒ x = -14 or 2x = 14
⇒ x = -14 or x = 7
But x cannot be negative so x ≠ – 14 .
∴ x = 7 cm
Hence, the sides AB = x + 8 = 7 + 8 = 15 cm
AC = x + 6 = 7 + 6 = 13 cm.

Question 3.
In Fig. 8.53, XY and X’Y are two parallel tangents to a circle with centre O and another tangent AB with point of contact C intersecting XY at A and ∠X’Y at B. Prove that ∠AOB = 90°.
Solution:
Circles Class 10 Extra Questions Maths Chapter 10 with Solutions Answers 54
Join OC. In ∆APO and ∆ACO, we have
AP = AC (Tangents drawn from external point A)
AO = OA (Common)
PO = OC (Radii of the same circle)
∴ ∆APO ≅ ∆ACO (By SSS criterion of congruence)
∴∠PAO = ∠CAO (CPCT)
⇒ ∠PAC = 2∠CAO
Similarly, we can prove that
∆OQB ≅ ∆OCB
∴∠QBO = 2CBO
⇒ ∠CBQ = 22CBO
Now, ∠PAC + ∠CBQ = 180° [Sum of interior angles on the same side of transversal is 180°]
⇒ 2∠CAO + 2∠CBO = 180°
⇒ ∠CAO + ∠CBO = 90°
⇒ 180° – ∠AOB = 90°
[∵ ∠CAO + ∠CBO + ∠AOB = 180°]
⇒ 180° – 90° = ∠AOB
⇒ ∠AOB = 90°

Question 4.
Let A be one point of intersection of two intersecting circles with centres O and Q. The tangents at A to the two circles meet the circles again at B and C respectively. Let the point P be located so that AOPQ is a parallelogram. Prove that P is the circumcentre of the triangle ABC.
Solution:
Circles Class 10 Extra Questions Maths Chapter 10 with Solutions Answers 55
In order to prove that P is the circumcentre of ∆ABC it is sufficient to show that P is the point of intersection of perpendicular bisectors of the sides of AABC i.e., OP and PQ are perpendicular bisectors of sides AB and AC respectively. Now, AC is tangent at A to the circle with centre at 0 and OA is its radius.
∴ OA ⊥ AC
⇒ PQ ⊥ AC [∵ OAQP is a parallelogram so, OA ||PQ]
Also, Q is the centre of the circle
QP bisects AC [Perpendicular from the centre to the chord bisects the chord]
⇒ PQ is the perpendicular bisector of AC.
Similarly, BA is the tangent to the circle at A and AQ is its radius through A.
∴ BA ⊥ AQ [∵ AQPO is parallelogram]
BA ⊥ OP [∴ OP || AQ]
Also, OP bisects AB [∵ 0 is the centre of the circle]
⇒ OP is the perpendicular bisector of AB. Thus, P is the point of intersection of perpendicular bisectors PQ and PO of sides AC and AB respectively.
Hence, P is the circumcentre of ∆ABC.