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Online Education for Outcomes of Democracy Class 10 Extra Questions Civics Chapter 7
Question 1.
Why do people blame democracy?
Answer:
Sometimes we expect everything and anything from democracy. Our interest in and fascination for democracy often pushes us in taking a position that democracy can address all socio-economic and political problems. If some of our expectations are not met, we start blaming the idea of democracy. Or we start doubting if we are living in a democracy.
Question 2.
What is the most basic outcome of democracy?
Answer:
- The most bs. ,c outcome of democracy should be that it produces a government that is accountable to the citizens, and responsive to the needs and expectations of the citizens.
- The democracy must be responsive to the needs and wishes of the people.
Question 3.
Decision making in a democracy takes time: Why?
Answer:
- Democracy is based on the idea of deliberation and negotiations. So, decision-making process is little delayed.
- But the non-democratic governments do not have to think about majority decision and public opinion. So, they take little time in decision making and implementation.
Question 4.
While trying to find out its outcomes, what is expected from democracy?
Answer:
When we are trying to find out the outcomes of democracy, it is right to expect democracy to produce a government that follows procedures and is accountable to the people. We can also expect that the democratic government develops mechanisms for citizens to hold the government accountable and mechanisms for citizens to take part in decision making whenever they think fit.
Question 5.
If you wanted to measure democracies on the basis of their expected outcome, which qualifications would you look for?
Answer:
If we wanted to measure democracies on the basis of its expected outcome, we would look for the following practices and institutions:
- Regular, free and fair elections;
- Open public debate on major policies and legislations; and
- Citizens right to information about the government and its functioning.
Question 6.
Economic development of a country depends on several factors. Name such a few factors:
Answer:
Economic development of a country depends on several factors:
- Country’s population size
- Global situation
- Cooperation from other countries
- Economic priorities adopted by the country.
Question 7.
Is it true that democracies have not been very successful in reducing economic exploitation?
Answer:
It is a fact that democracies do not appear to have been successful in reducing economic inequalities. But it is only possible in a democracy that people can raise their voice against not only economic inequalities but also all types of inequalities. The government has to make sincere efforts to reduce and remove such inequalities.
Question 8.
The table shown below mentions the rates of economic growth for different countries between 1950-2000 Study the table carefully and draw your own conclusion.
| Type of regimes and countries | Growth Rate |
| Alt democratic regimes | 3.95 |
| All dictatorial regimes | 4.42 |
| Poor countries under dictatorship | 4.34 |
| Poor countries under democracy | 4.28 |
Answer:
- Between 1950-2000, on an average dictatorial regime had a slightly better record of economic growth as compared to democratic regimes.
- But if their record is compared to poor countries only, we find negligible difference of 0.06%.
Question 9.
Do democracies lead to peaceful and harmonious life among citizens?
Answer:
It will be a fair expectation that democracy should produce a harmonious social life. Belgium has successfully negotiated among different ethnic populations. Democracies usually develops a procedure to conduct their competition. This reduces the possibility of these tensions becoming explosive or violent.
Question 10.
Democracy stands much superior to any other form of government in promoting dignity and freedom of the individual. Explain.
Answer:
- Democracy stands much superior to any other form of government in promoting dignity and freedom of the individual. Every individual wants to receive respect from fellow beings.
- Often conflicts arise among individuals because some feel that they are not treated with due respect.
- The passion for respect and freedom are the basis of democracy. Democracies throughout the world have recognised this, at least in principle. This has been achieved in various degrees in various democracies.
Question 11.
What should be the prudential thinking about the outcomes of democracy?
or
What is the first step towards thinking carefully about the outcomes of democracy?
Answer:
- The first step towards thinking carefully about the outcomes of democracy is to recognize that democracy is just a form of government.
- It can only create conditions for achieving some things
- The citizens have to take advantage of those conditions and achieve those goals.
- Moreover, democracy is just not related to many other things that we value. Democracy is not a magical remedy for all our social ailments.
Question 12.
“Democracy’s ability to generate its own support is itself an outcome that can not be ignored.” Discuss.
Answer:
- There is one respect in which democratic government is certainly better than its alternatives: democratic government is legitimate government
- It may be slow, less efficient not always very responsive or clean. But a democratic government is people’s own government.
- That is why there is a Asian overwhelming support for the idea of democracy all over the world.
- As the accompanying evidence from South Asia shows, the support exists in countries with democratic regimes as well as countries without democratic regimes.
Question 13.
The cost of time that democracy pays is perhaps worth it. Explain
Answer:
If we think in terms of costs and imagine a government that may take decisions very fast, we find that it may take decisions that are not accepted by the people and may therefore face problems.
In contrast, the democratic government will take more time to follow procedures before arriving at a decision.
But because it has followed procedures, its decisions may be both more acceptable to the people and more effective
So, the cost of time that democracy pays is perhaps worth it.
Question 14.
Explain the challenges faced by democracy today regarding reduction of inequality and poverty.
Answer:
Democracies are based on political equality. All individuals have equal weight in electing representatives. Parallel to the process of bringing individuals into the political arena on an equal footing, we find growing economic inequalities
A small number of ultra-rich enjoy a highly disproportionate share of wealth and income. Not only that. Their share in the total income of the country has been increasing.
Those at the bottom of the society have very little to depend upon. Their incomes have been declining Sometimes they find it difficult to meet their basic needs of life, such as food, clothing, house, education and health.
In actual life, democracies do not appear to be very successful in reducing economic inequalities. The poor constitute a large proportion of our voters and no party will like to lose their votes. Yet democratically elected governments do not appear to be as keen to address the question of poverty as we would expect them to.
The situation is much worse in some other countries. In Bangladesh, more than half of its population lives in poverty.
People in several poor countries are now dependent on the rich countries even for the food supplies.
Question 15.
The fact that people are complaining is itself a testimony to the success of democracy. Discuss.
Answer:
- The fact that people are complaining is itself a testimony to the success of democracy it shows that people have developed awareness and the ability to expect and to look critically at power holders and the high and the mighty.
- A public expression of dissatisfaction with democracy shows the success of the democratic project: it transforms people from the status of a subject into that of a citizen.
- Most individuals today believe that their vote makes a difference to way the government is run and to their own self-interest.
Question 16.
How can you say that democracy has provided an opportunity for women to secure dignity?
Answer:
- Most societies across world were historically male-dominated societies.
- Long struggles by women have created some sensitivity today that respect to and equal treatment of women are necessary ingredients of a democratic society.
- That does not mean that women are actually always treated with respect.
- But once the principle is recognised, it becomes easier for women to wage a struggle against what is now unacceptable legally and morally.
- In a non-democratic set-up, this unacceptability would not have legal basis because the principle of individual freedom and dignity would not have the the legal and moral force there.
Question 17.
What conditions are necessary in a democracy for handling social differences, divisions and conflicts?
Answer:
People should understand that democracy is not simply rule of majority. In fact, majority needs to work with minority to represent the general view of the government.
Majority rule does not mean rule by majority community in terms of race, religion or linguistic groups.
It means that different persons and groups may and can form a majority in case of election or every decision.
Democracy remains democracy only as long as every citizen has a chance of being in majority at some point of time.
If someone is barred from being in majority on the basis of birth, then the democratic rules ceases to be accommodative for that person or group.
Objective Type Questions
Four choices are given to the following questions.
Choose the correct answer:
Question 1.
What was the rate of economic growth of all dictatorial regimes between 1950 – 2000?
(a) 3.95
(b) 4.42
(c) 4.34
(d) 4.28
Answer:
(b) 4.42.
Question 2.
What was the rate of economic growth of all democratic regimes between 1950-2000?
(a) 3.95
(b) 4.42
(c) 4.34
(d) 4.28
Answer:
(a) 3.95.
Question 3.
What was the rate of economic growth of poor countries under democracy between 1950-2000?
(a) 3.95
(b) 2.9
(c) 4.0
(d) 4.28
Answer:
(d) 4.28.
Question 4.
In democratic countries like South Africa and Brazil, the top 20 per cent people take away more than per cent of national income.
(a) 60
(b) 30
(c) 20
(d) 49
Answer:
(a) 60
Question 5.
Democracies are based on:
(a) Economic equality
(b) Political equality
(c) Religions equality
(d) Social equality
Answer:
(b) Political equality
Question 6.
How much population of Bangladesh lives in poverty?
(a) More than 20 per cent
(b) More than 30 per cent
(c) More than 40 per cent
(d) More than 50 per cent
Answer:
(d) More than 50 per cent
Question 7.
What is the position of democracy in comparison to other forms of government?
(a) Superior
(b) Inferior
(c) Equal
(d) none of these
Answer:
(a) Superior.