Class 10 History Chapter 8 Extra Questions and Answers Novels Society and History

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Novels Society and History Class 10 Extra Questions History Chapter 8

Question 1.
Who forned the new readership for novels in the 18th century?
Answer:
Lower middle-class people such as shopkeepers and clerks, the traditional aristocrats formed new readership for novels.

Question 2.
Who used to collect the popular Scottish ballads?
Answer:
Walter Scott.

Question 3.
What is Dickens’ Oliver Twist about?
Answer:
Oliver Twist is about a poor orphan who lived with petty criminals.

Question 4.
Who is Hardy’s hero in his Mayor of Casterbridge?
Answer:
A grain merchant, Michael Henchard.

Question 5.
When women began writing novels, what did some people feel?
Answer:
When women began writing novels, some people felt that women would neglect their traditional role as wives and mothers.

Question 6.
Under what name Sarah Woolsey wrote?
Answer:
Susan Coolidge.

Question 7.
What type of adventurer Robinson Crusoe was?
Answer:
Robinson Crusoe was a typical adventurer; he made inferior creatures his slaves.

Question 8.
Who was the novelist who wrote Chandrakanta?
Answer:
Devaki Nandan Khatri.

Question 9.
Who wrote Durgeshnandni?
Answer:
Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay.

Novelist	Novel
Samuel Richardson	Pamela (letters)
Henry Fielding	Tom Jones
Charles Dickens	Pickwick Papers, Hard Times Oliver Twist
Homas hardy	Mayor of Caster bridge
Emile Zola	Germinal
Jane Austen	Pride and Prejudice
Charlotte Bronte	Jane Eyre
Stevenson	Treasure Island
Rudyard Kipling	Jungle Book
Helen Jackson	Romana
Susan Coolidge	What Katydid
Daniel Defoe	Robinson Crusoe
Chandu Menon	Indulekha
Goldsmith	Vicar of Wakefield
Sriniwas Das	Pratibha Guru
Premchand	Sewdsadan.

Question 10.
Who wrote Padmarag?
Answer:
Rokeya Hossein (1880-1932).

Question 11.
Name the book Pothari Kunjambu wrote?
Answer:
Saraswativiayan.

Question 12.
Mention Bhudeb Mulchopaadhyay’s novel.
Answer:
Anguriya Binimoy: It was the first historical novel written in Bengal.

Question 13.
What is Dickens novel Hard Times about?
Answer:
Charles Dickens novel Hard Times (1854) describes Coketown, a fictitious industrial town, as a grim place full of machinery, smoking chimneys, rivers polluted purple and buildings that all looked the same. Here workers are known as ‘hands’ as if they had no identity other than as operators of machines. Dickens criticised not just the greed for profits but also the ideas that reduced human beings into simple instruments of production.

Question 14.
What is Germinal all about?
Answer:
Emile Zola’s Germinal (1995) on the life of a young miner in France explores in harsh detail the grim conditions of miners’ live. It ends on a note of despair: the strike the hero lead fails, his co-workers turn against him, and hopes are shattered.

Question 15.
How did the novels explore the world of women?
Answer:
Women got more leisure to read as well as write novels. And novels began exploring the world of women their emotions and identities, their experiences and problems. Many novels were about domestic life-a theme about which women were allowed to speak with authority. They drew upon their experience, wrote about family life and earned public recognition.

Question 16.
Give example as to how the novelists portrayed colonial people.
Answer:
In most of the novels written by the Westerners, the colonial people were seen as primitive and barbaric, less than human, and colonial rule was considered necessary to civilise them, to make them fully human. It was only later, in the twentieth century, that writers like Joseph Conrad (1857-1924) wrote novels that showed the darker side of colonial occupation.

Question 17.
“Bharatendu Harishchandra is described as the pioneer of modern Hindi literature in north India.” Substantiate.
Answer:
In north India Bharatendu Harishchandra, the pioneer of modern Hindi literature encouraged many members of his circle of poets and writers to recreate and translate novels from other languages. Many novels were actually translated and adapted from English and Bengali under his influence.

Question 18.
How did Chandu Menon portray a woman and a man in his novel, Indulekha?
Answer:
Chandu Menon portrayed Indulekha as a woman of breathtaking beauty, high intellectual abilities, artistic talent, and with an education in English and Sanskrit. Madhavan, the hero of the novel, was also presented in ideal colours.

He was a member of the newly English-educated class of Nayars from the University of Madras. He was also a ‘first-rate Sanskrit scholar’. He dressed in western clothes. But, at the same time, he kept a long tuft of hair, according to the Nayar custom.

Question 19.
How has the novel become a popular medium of entertainment among the middle class?
Answer:
As elsewhere in the world in India too, the novel became a popular medium of entertainment among the middle class. The circulation of printed books allowed people to amuse themselves in new ways. Picture books, translations from other languages popular songs sometimes composed on contemporary events, stories in newspapers and magazines-all these offered new forms of entertainment. Within this new culture of print, novels soon” became immensely popular.

Question 20.
Do you think that reading a novel was like daydreaming?
Answer:
Novels give silent reading. In general, they encouraged reading alone and in silence. Individuals sitting at home or travelling in trains enjoyed them. Even in a crowded room, the novel offered a special world of imagination into which the reader could slip, and be all alone. In this, reading a novel was like daydreaming.

Question 21.
Explain what is meant by the following types of novels:
Epistolary novel
Serialised novel
For each type, name one writer who wrote in that style.
Answer:
Epistolary novel: The epistolary novel, used the private and personal form of letters to tell its story. Samuel Richardson’s Pamela, written in the eighteenth century, told much of its story through an exchange of letters between two lovers. These letters tell the reader of the hidden conducts in the heroine’s mind.

Serialised novel: A format in which the story is published in instalments, each part in a new issue of a journal. Example: Charles Dickens’s Pickwick Papers were published in a magazine from 1836.

Question 22.
Write about two important characteristics of the early Hindi novel.
Answer:

1. Earlier, the novels from other languages were translated in Hindi.
2. Original early Hindi novels such as ‘Pariksha-Guru’ were highly moralising, so they flopped.

Question 23.
Taking note of Hardy’s novels, explain as to how did he depict the traditional rural community life and its problems.
Answer:
The nineteenth-century British novelist Thomas Hardy, for instance, wrote about traditional rural communities of England that were last vanishing This was actually a time when large farmers fenced off land, bought machines and employed labourers to produce for the market. The old rural culture with its independent farmers was dying out. We get a sense of this change in Hardy’s Mayor of Casterbridge (1886).

It is about Michael Henchard, a successful grain merchant, who becomes the mayor of the farming town of Casterbridge. He is an independent-minded man who follows his own style in conducting business. He can also be both unpredictably generous and cruel with his employees.

Consequently, he is no match for his manager and rival Donald Farfrae who runs his business on efficient managerial lines and is well regarded for he is smooth and even-tempered with everyone. Thus Hardy mourns the loss of the more personalised world that is disappearing, even as he is aware of its problems and the advantages of the new order.

Question 24.
How does Jane Austen portray the world of women and the genteel tural society in her novel?
Answer:
The novels of Jane Austen give us a glimpse of the world of women in gentel rural society in early-nineteenth-century Britain. They make us think about a society which encouraged women to look for ‘good’ marriages and find wealthy or propertied husbands.

The first sentence of Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice states: ‘It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife.’ This observation allows us to see the behaviour of the main characters, who are preoccupied with marriage and money, as typifying Austen’s society. But women novelists did not simply popularise the domestic role of women. In Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre (1874), young Jane is shown independent and assertive.

Question 25.
Explain with example that from 1920s, there were novels depicting the lives of peasants and low caste people in Bengal.
Answer:
From the 1920s in Bengal too a new kind of novel emerged that depicted the lives of peasants and ‘low’ castes. Advaita Malia Burman’s (1914-51) Titash Ekti Nadir Naam (1956) is an epic about the Mall as, a community of fisherfolk who live off fishing in the river Tishta. The novel is about three generations of the Mallas, about their recurring tragedies and the story of Ananta, a child born of parents who were tragically separated after their wedding night.

Ananta leaves the community to get educated in the city. The novel describes the community life of the Mallas in great detail, their Holi and Kali Puja festivals, boat races, Bhatia songs, their relationships of friendship and animosity with the peasants and the oppression of the upper castes.

Question 26.
What do you known about Basheer, a novelist in Malayalam?
Answer:
Vaikkom Muhammad Basheer (1908-96), was one of the early Muslim writers to gain wide renown as a novelist in Malayalam.
Basheer had little formal education. Most of his works were based on his own rich personal experience rather than on books from the past. When he was in class five at school, Basheer left home to take part in the Salt Satyagraha.

Later he spent years wandering in different parts or India and travelling even to Arabia, working in a ship, living with Sufis and Hindu sanyasis, and training as a wrestler. Basheer’s short novels and stories were written in the ordinary language of conversation. With wonderful humour, Basheer’s novels spoke about details from the everyday life of Muslim households. He also brought into Malayalam writing themes which were considered very unusual at that time – poverty, insanity and life in prisons.

Question 27.
Do you agree that Premchand’s novels are filled with all kinds of powerful characters? Give examples.
Answer:
Premchand’s novels, for instance, are filled with all kinds of powerful characters drawn from all levels of society. In his novels, you meet aristocrats and landlords, middle-level Peasants and landless labourers, middle-class professionals and people from the margins of society.

The women characters are strong individuals especially those who come from the lower classes and are not modernised. Unlike many of his contemporaries, Premchand rejected the nostalgic obsession with ancient history. Instead, his novels look towards the future without forgetting the importance.

Drawn from various strata of society, Premchand’s characters create a community based on democratic values. The central character of his novel Rangbhoomi (The Arena), Surdas, is a visually impaired beggar from a so-called ‘untouchable’ caste. The very act of choosing such a person as the ‘hero’ of a novel is significant. Godan (The Gift of Cow), published in 1936, remains Premchand’s best-known work.

It is an epic of the Indian peasantry. The novel tells the moving story of Hori and his wife Dhania, a peasant couple. Landlords, moneylenders, priests and colonial bureaucrats all those who hold power in society form a network of oppression, rob their land and make them into landless labourers Yet Hori and Dhania retain their dignity to the end.

Objective Type Questions

1. Choose the most appropriate alternative:

Question 1.
One of the following was not written by Premchand
(a) Indulekha
(b) Godan
(c) Rangbhoomi
(d) Sewasadan
Answer:
(a) Indulekha

Question 2.
Jane Austen wrote the following:
(a) Pride and Prejudice
(b) Jane Eyre
(c) Hard Times
(d) Mayor of Casterbridge
Answer:
(a) Pride and Prejudice

Question 3.
The following is not the novel written by Charles Dickens:
(a) Hard Times
(b) Oliver Twist
(c) Great Expectations
(d) Jungle Book
Answer:
(d) Jungle Book

Question 4.
Robinson Crusoe was written by:
(a) Henry Fielding
(b) Charles Dickens
(c) Daniel Defoe
(d) Thomas Hardy
Answer:
(c) Daniel Defoe.

2. Choose true (✓) or false (✗) in the following:

Question 1.
Thomas Hardy wrote Tess
Answer:
(✓)

Question 2.
Premchand was the author of Indulekha.
Answer:
(✗)

Question 3.
am Tolstoy wrote War and Peace.
Answer:
(✓)

Question 4.
Charlotte He Bronte’s novel was Jane Eyre.
Answer:
(✓).

Extra Questions for Class 10 Social Science