Online Education for Human Resource Class 8 Extra Questions Geography Chapter 6
Question 1.
When did the Ministry of Human Resource Development establish? What was its aim?
Answer:
The Ministry of Human Resource Development was established in 1985. Its main aim was to improve people’s skills.
Question 2.
What do you understand by the pattern of population distribution?
Answer:
The w.ay in which people are spread across the earth surface is known as the pattern of population distribution.
Question 3.
Which are the most crowded areas of the world?
Answer:
- South and South-East Asia,
- Europe,
- North-Eastern North America.
Question 4.
Which regions of the world are sparsely populated?
Ans.
High latitude areas, tropical deserts, high mountains and equatorial forests are sparsely populated
Question 5.
What is average density of population in India?
Answer:
324 persons per square km.
Question 6.
What is population density?
Answer:
Population density is the number of people living in a unit area of the earth’s surface.
Question 7.
Name two regions of the world which attracted people due to the presence of minerals.
Answer:
- Diamond mines of South Africa.
- Oil in Middle East.
Question 8.
Why do people prefer to live on plains?
Answer:
People prefer to live on plains because these are suitable for farming, manufacturing and tertiary activities.
Question 9.
What do you understand by population change?
Answer:
The population change refers to the change in the number of people during a specific time.
Question 10.
Distinguish between birth rate and death rate.
Answer:
Birth rate is the number of live births per 1000 people while death rate is the number of deaths per 1000 people.
Question 11.
What is migration?
Answer:
Migration is the movement of people in and out of an area.
Question 12.
What is natural growth rate?
Answer:
The difference between the birth rate and the death rate of a country is called the natural growth rate.
Question 13.
Distinguish between emigrants and immigrants.
Answer:
Emigrants are people who leave a country, immigrants are those who arrive in a country.
Question 14.
Which are the two groups of dependents in a population?
Answer:
- Young dependents (aged below 15 years)
- Elderly dependents (aged over 65 years).
Question 15.
Which type of population pyramid do the countries like Japan have?
Answer:
In the countries like Japan, low birth rates make the pyramid narrows at the base. Decreased death rates allow the numbers of people to reach in the old age.
Question 16.
Sixty per cent of the world’s population stay in just 10 countries. Name any eight of them.
Answer:
- China,
- India,
- USA,
- Indonesia,
- Brazil,
- Pakistan,
- Bangladesh,
- Russia,
- Nigeria,
- Japan.
Question 17.
What is the average density of population of the world? Which part of the world have the highest density of
population?
Answer:
The average density of population of the world is 45 persons per square km. South-Central Asia has the highest density of
population.
Question 18.
In the early 1970s, the world | population was 3 billion. In 1999, the population doubled to 6 billion. What were the factors responsible for this growth?
Answer:
Factors responsible for this population growth were –
- Better food supplies
- Better medicines and
- Reduced Death Rate
- Number of births medical facilities remained fairly high.
Question 19.
Does emigration and immigration affect the population size of a country? Give example in support of your answer.
Answer:
Emigration and immigration do affect the population size of a country. For example, the population of United States of America and Australia increased due to immigration while Sudan has experienced a loss in population numbers due to emigration.
Question 20.
Are population composition and economic development related to each other? Give an example in support of your 4 answers.
Answer:
Population composition hardly affects economic development. For example, Bangladesh and Japan both are densely populated but Japan is far more economically developed than Bangladesh.
Question 21.
Which aspects of population do the. composition of population help us to know?
Answer:
We learn various aspects of population through population composition:
- Number of males and females.
- To which age group they belong.
- Education level.
- Composition of occupation;
- Income level.
- Health conditions.
Question 22.
Which type of population pyramid does India have?
Answer:
The population pyramid of India is broad in the younger age groups because more infants survive to adulthood. Such populations contain a relatively large number of young people which means a strong and expanding labour force.
Question 23.
What is Population Composition? How does it help us?
Answer:
Population composition refers to the structure of the population. It helps us to know the variation in age, sex, literacy level, health condition, occupation and income level of a population.
Question 24.
What are the factors influencing change in population?
Answer:
- Birth rate-The number of live births per 1000 people.
- Death rate-The number of death per 1000 people.
- Migration-It is the movement of people in and out of an area.
Question 25.
How do topography and climate affect distribution of population?
Answer:
Topography – People prefer to live on plains rather than mountains and plateaus because plains are suitable for farming, manufacturing, transportation, etc. The Hwang Ho plains are densely populated while mountains like Andes, Alps, Himalayas are sparsely populated. Climate – Regions of very hot and very cold climates like Sahara desert, Antarctica are sparsely populated.
Question 26.
Explain how social, cultural and economic factors affect the distribution of population?
Answer:
Social factors- Areas of better housing, education and health facilities are more densely populated, e.g., Pune, Bangalore, Chandigarh.
Cultural factors – Places of religious or cultural significance attract people. For example, Varanasi, Jerusalem and Vatican City.
Economic factors – Industrial areas provide employment opportunities, thus., attract large number of people. For example, Osaka, Mumbai, etc.
Question 27.
Until the 1800s, the world’s population grew steadily but slowly. Give reasons.
Answer:
- Large number of babies were born, but they died early too.
- Lack of proper health facilities.
- Sufficient food was not available to masses.
- Farmers were not able to produce enough to meet the food requirements of all the people.
Question 28.
What is the general trend of international and internal (within a nation) migration?
Answer:
- The general trend of international migration is from less developed nations to the more developed nations in search of better employment opportunities.
- Within a nation, people move from the rural to urban areas in search of employment, education and health facilities.
Question 29.
How does the population pyramid of a country in which both birth and death rates are high look? What do you conclude from such pyramid?
Answer:
The population pyramid of a country in which both birth and death rates are high is broad at the base and rapidly narrows towards the top. This is because, although many children are born, a large percentage of them die in their infancy, relatively few become adults and there are very few old people.
Question 30.
What are the factors affecting the distribution of population?
Answer:
- Soil-Fertile soil provides suitable land for agriculture like – Ganga and Brahmaputra plain.
- Water-People prefer to live in the areas where sufficient amount of freshwater is easily available.
- Topography-People always prefer to live on plains rather than mountains and plateaus.
- Climate-People usually avoid extreme climates that are very hot and very cold.
- Social, Cultural and Economic factors.
Question 31.
What are the three causes of growing population of India? Give two suggestions to control population growth.
Answer:
The three causes of growing population of India are :
- Better food supplies
- Decreasing Death Rate
- Better healthcare services and to control population growth, Government should implement a strict law and policy. Family Planning plan should be promoted.
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
1. Which one of the following statements is not correct?
(a) People are a nation’s greatest resource.
(b) Many more people live south of the Equator than north of the Equator.
(c) Ten countries which account for about 60% of the world’s population have over 100 million people each.
(d) South-Central Asia has the highest density of population in the world.
Answer:
(b) Many more people live south of the Equator than north of the Equator.
2. Which of the following areas are densely populated because of the fertile soils?
(a) The Gangetic plains in India
(b) The Nile Valley in Egypt
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Neither (a) nor (b)
Answer:
(c) Both (a) and (b).
3. Tick the odd one in the following.
(a) Migrations
(b) Birthrate
(c) Death rate
(d) Natural growth rate.
Answer:
(a) Migrations.
4. Which one of the following statements is not correct?
(a) Rates of population growth vary across the world.
(b) Kenya has high population growth rate.
(c) People vary greatly in their age, sex, literacy level, etc.
(d) Emigrants are people who arrive in a country.
Answer:
(d) Emigrants are people who arrive in a country.
5. Tick the wrong statement in the following.
(a) The population pyramid is also called an age-sex pyramid.
(b) The population pyramid also tells us how many dependents there are in a country.
(c) The size of the top of a population pyramid shows the numbers of children.
(d) In countries like Japan, low birth rates make the pyramid narrow at the base.
Answer:
(c) The size of the top of a population pyramid shows the numbers of children.
6. In 1999, the world population reached:
(a) 1 billion
(b) 3 billion
(c) 6 billion
(d) 10 billion
Answer:
(c) 6 billion.
Glossary:
→ Pattern of population distribution – The way in which people are spread across the earth surface is called the pattern of population distribution.
→ Population density-Population density is the number of people living in a unit area of the earth’s surface.
→ Birth rate – The number of live births per 1,000 people.
→ Death rate – The number of deaths per 1,000 people.
→ Migration – It is the movement of people in and out of an area.
→ Natural growth rate – The difference between the birth rate and the death rate of a country is called the natural growth rate.
→ Life expectancy – It is the number of years that an average person can expect to live.
→ Immigration – When a person enters a new country.
→ Emigration – When a person leaves a country.