Online Education for Climate Class 9 Extra Questions Geography Chapter 4
Question 1.
Point out the two main characteristics of the tropical climate.
Answer:
- Relatively high temperature almost through the year.
- Relatively dry winters.
Question 2.
Name the monsoon winds causing heavy rains along the Tamil Nadu Cost.
Answer:
The Retreating South-West Monsoon.
Question 3.
Give two examples of equal climate.
Answer:
- Mumbai,
- Bangalore.
Question 4.
Name two places in India with an extreme climate.
Answer:
- Jaisalmer,
- Drass.
Question 5.
From which month the retreating south-west monsoon season in India begin ?
Answer:
October.
Question 6.
Which are the rainy months in the Tamil Nadu Coast?
Answer:
- October,
- November.
Question 7.
What are ‘Jet streams’?
Answer:
Jet streams’ are the fast blowing winds of a steady velocity. These winds move in a narrow zone of the upper atmosphere.
Question 8.
How many seasons can be recognised in India? Give their names.
Answer:
In India mainly four seasons can be recognised. These are:
- Cold weather season
- Hot weather season
- Monsoon season
- Retreating monsoon season.
Question 9.
What is meant b.y the term ‘loo’?
Answer:
‘Lop’ is a type of local wind which blow in the north-western part of India. This is a very hot and dry wind.
Question 10.
Which place in India record the highest rainfall in the world?
Answer:
Mawsyngram, located on tire crest of the southern range of Khasi hills receives die highest average annual rainfall in the world.
Question 11.
Name the four months in which India receives the bulk of rainfall.
Answer:
- June,
- July,
- August,
- September.
Question 12.
What are the ‘retreating monsoons’?
Answer:
The term ‘retreating monsoons’ indicates the reversal of the southwest monsoons which begin to withdraw from the. Northern plains by the beginning of October.
Question 13.
Which part of India experiences the highest range of temperature in a day ?
Answer:
North-western part of India particularly the desert area of Rajas then experiences the highest range of temperature in a day.
Question 14.
What are the major factors influencing the climate of India?
Answer:
The major factors influencing the climate of India are the following:
Question 15.
Name the states of the eastern coast. frequently having tropical cyclones.
Answer:
- Andhra Pradesh,
- Tamil Nadu.
Question 16.
Name the states which are affected by ‘Kal Baisakhi’.
Answer:
- Assam,
- West Bengal.
Question 17.
What is associated in the ‘break’ or ‘burst’ of the monsoon ?
Answer:
Lightening and violent thunder.
Question 18.
What is the main ‘reason of heavy rainfall in the north-eastern states ?
Answer:
The main reason of the heavy rainfall in the north-eastern states are the south western monsoons arising from the Bay of Bengal. These directly strike the north-eastern hills of north-eastern states.
Question 19.
Why do the western slopes of the Western Ghats receive more rainfall?
Answer:
The branch of the south-western monsoon which arise from the Arabian Sea strike the western slopes of the Western Ghats and cause rainfall more than 2500 millimetres.
Question 20.
Point out the variation of the precipitation in India.
Answer:
The precipitation in India varies from over 400 cm in Meghalaya to less than 10 cm in Ladakh.
Question 21.
What is meant by the rain shadow?
Answer:
The rain shadow is meant by the area which is the side, of the mountain not. getting enough rain. The winds after crossing the summits of the mountains descend along the slopes on the other side of the mountains. While descending they get warmed up and become dry.
There is one more reason that the moist winds do not cross over the other side of die mountains which are too high as in the case of the Himalayas which also render Tibet a dry region. This dry side of the mountain is called the leeward side and the rainless area on the leeward side is known as the rain shadow.
Question 22.
Discuss the reason why do the south-west monsoons give less rain in Tamil Nadu
Or
Why Chennai is dry even when it is raining heavily on the Malabar Coast in the month of July?
Or
Give the reasons why south-west. monsoons are less rainy in Tamil Nadu?
Answer:
Following are the reasons which cause Chennai keeping dry even when its raining heavily on the Malabar Coast in the month of July.
The Malabar Coast lies on the Western Ghats while Tamil Nadu or Chennai lies on the Eastern Ghats. In, the month of July when the monsoons arise from the Arabian sea and ‘first of all strike against the Western Ghats it rains heavily on the Malabar Coast.
Hence while leaving the Western Ghats these monsoons get almost deprived of their moisture. By the time they reach the Eastern ghats after covering a long distance, they cannot provide much-needed rain.
Question 23.
What is meant by the annual range of temperature?
Answer:
The annual range of temperature is meant by the difference between the maximum and the minimum temperature of a particular place within a particular period of time.’
Question 24.
What kina climate is in Thiruvananthapuram?
Answer:
Thiruvananthapuram has an equal kind of climate; not, very cold or hot. the main reason for its equal climate is that it is situated on the seashore. Sea always keeps this place with a moderate climate. Again this place is situated on a hill. Heise it remains free from the hot climate of the temperate zone:
Question 25.
Why do the southwesterly winds cause rain in India?
Answer:
During the months of June- September, the South-West monsoon blow northward from the Arabian SeS and Bay of Bengal. These southwest winds cause rainfall almost in the whole of the northern India. These southwest monsoons blow from the oceanic high-pressure areas towards the low-pressure areas of land so they make heavy rainfall.
Question 26.
Discuss the distribution of precipitation in the country and the consequences of its uneven distribution.
Answer:
The distribution of precipitation in India is quite uneven:
- Annual rainfall over 300, cm is received by the parts of western coast and north-eastern India. While western Rajsathan and. the adjoining parts of Gujrat, Haryana and Punjab receive rainfall even less than 50 cm.
- The interior of the Deccan Plateau or the east of the Sahyadris also receives low rainfall.
- The third area of low precipitation is around Leh in Kashmir.
- Rest of the country receives moderate rainfall.
- Himalayas region receives snowfall too.
Question 27.
What are the main characteristics of Arabian Sea branch of the monsoon?
Answer:
The Arabian Sea branch of Monsoon’ strikes the Western Ghats and causes heavy- rains in Konkan and Malabar. It becomes comparatively dry when it reaches the Deccan Plateau and Madhya Pradesh. The branch of the Arabian Sea Monsoon passes over West Rajasthan and the Aravalli Hills.
Question 28.
What is the reason that the rainfall decreases while going upward in the Ganga Valley but increases while going up the Indus. Valley?
or
How would you prove that the rainfall decreases while going eastward from West Bengal to Punjab?
Answer:
The monsoons rise both from the Bay of Bengal as well as from the Arabian Sea. The monsoons arriving from the Bay of Bengal cause heavy rainfall in the Brahmaputra Valley. Then because of the Himalayas, they take a Western turn and move up the Ganga Valley.
Here as they proceed westwards, become drier and drier and cause less and less rairi moving forward. It is the reason that Kolkata receives rainfall about 120cm, Patna 100, Allahabad 15 cm and Delhi about 56′ cm. Thus, moving upward the rainfall definitely decreases. It is the reason why Punjab gets less rain than West Bengal.
Question 29.
Discuss the factors controlling die Indian weather conditions.
Answer:
The main factors controlling the Indian weather conditions are the following:
1. Atmospheric Pressure: A big part of India lies in the area of north-east trade winds which are devoid of moisture and do not give fain. This is the reason that India has a quite long arid land. But the whole country is not arid.
During summer, the land of India gets heated more than its water parts. Because of this the low-pressure areas, develop over the interior vast landmass of Asia and high-pressure areas develop over the Indian ocean in the south: As the air moves from the high-pressure area to low pressure areas, the moisture-laden winds of the sea blow towards the landmass of Asia including India. These moisture-laden winds cause widespread rains in India in the summer season.
2. Upper Air Circulation: When the jet streams move eastwards, the Tibetan Highlands bifurcate them into two branches. The southern branch blow south of the Himalayas. This branch exercises an important effect on the winter weather in India.
3. Tropical Cyclones: The jet streams are attracted towards the. tropical depression in summer weather. These depressions attract the rain-bearing monsoons towards them and help in distribution of the monsoon rainfall over a large part of India.
4. The Western Disturbances: These are brought by the jet currents. When these disturbances enter India from west and north-west during winter they cause some rain in north-western parts of India. In the summer season, these jet currents move northwards and give place to an easterly jet stream which flow Over north India along 25°N.
Question 30.
Give an account of the hot weather season in India.
Answer:
It is a well-known fact that due to. apparent northward movement of the sun, the global heat belt shifts northward. Because of this fact from March to May, it is hot weather season in India. In March the highest day temperatures come around 38°C. This temperature is found in the Deccan Plateau. The temperature reaches around 42°C in Gujrat and Madhya Pradesh by April.
In fact temperatures, around 48°C are commonly found in the north-western part of the country in May. In peninsular India, these temperatures reveal the moderating influence of the Ocean.
The summer months experience rising temperature and falling air pressure in the northern part of the country.
A striking feature of the hot weather, season is the loo. The loo is meant by the strong, hot dry winds blowing during day over northern and northwestern India.
Sometimes they even continue until late in the evening. Direct exposure to these winds may even prove to be fatal. Dust storms are very common during the month of May in northern India. These storms bring temporary relief as they lower the temperature and may bring light rain and cool breeze.
This is also the season for localised thunderstorms, associated with violent winds, torrential downpours, often accompanied by hail. In West Bengal, these storms are known as the ‘Kaal Baisakhi: Towards the dose of the summer seasons, pre-monsoon showers are common especially, in Kerala and Karnataka. They help in the early ripening of mangoes, and are often referred to as ‘mango showers’.
Objective Type Questions
1. Put (✓) before the correct sentences and (✗) before the incorrect sentences.
(i) There are variations in the form and type of precipitation.
Answer:
(✓)
(ii) An easterly jet stream takes its place and flows over northern India along 25°N.
Answer:
(✓)
(iii) The annual precipitation varies from over 400 cm in Meghalaya to less than 10 cm in Ladakh and Western Rajasthan.
Answer:
(✓)
(iv) Coastal areas experience more contrast in temperature conditions.
Answer:
(✗)
(v) The climate of a place is determined by the interplay of various factors.
Answer:
(✓)
(vi) The pattern of air circulation is very different at the higher level of the atmosphere.
Answer:
(✓)
(vii) Trade winds originate from the subtropical high-pressure belts of the Northern Hemisphere.
Answer:
(✓)
2. Fill up the blanks in the following sentences with suitable words :
(i) The phenomenon of the monsoon is very………………. .
Answer:
old,
(ii) During ………………………………. there is a high-pressure area in north of the Himalayas.
Answer:
winter,
(iii) The Tibetan ……………………………….act as a barrier for the westerly jet stream and it gets bifurcated.
Answer:
Highland,
(iv) The ………………………………. areas do not experience much variation in temperature.
Answer:
coastal,
(v) Due to apparent northward movement of the sun, the ………………………………. heat belt shifts northward.
Answer:
global,
(vi) By early Tune, the ………………………………. pressure conditions over the north-western plains get further intensified.
Answer:
low.
3. Find out the correct sentences among the given ones
(i) Winds. blow from high-pressure areas to the low-pressure areas.
(ii) Monsoon is confined only to the tropical lands lying between 20°N and 20°S.
(iii) During winter, there is a high-pressure area south of the Himalayas.
(iv) Port Darwin is in the Northern Territory of Australia.
(v) The meteorological department of India makes a long term prediction of the monsoons likely behaviour on the basis of 16 parameters.
Answer:
Correct Sentences—(ii), (iv), (v).
4. Match List I with List II:
| List I (Cities) | List-II (Rainfall) |
| (i) Kolkota | 120 |
| (ii) Patna | 56 |
| (iii) Allahabad | 102 |
| (iv) Delhi | 91 |
Answer:
| List –I (Cities) | List-II (Rainfall) |
| (i) Kolkata | 120 cm |
| (ii) Patna | 102 cm |
| (iii) Allahabad | 91 cm |
| (iv) Delhi | 56 cm. |
5. Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below:
(i) The following is an example of extreme climate:
(a) Mumbai
(b) Chennai
(c) Kolkata
(d) Jaisalmer.
Answer:
(d) Jaisalmer.
(ii) The following is an example of the equable climate:
(a) Delhi
(b) Banglore
(c) Jaipur
(d) Lucknow
Answer:
(b) Banglore
(iii) Where do the cyclones depression originate?
(a) In Rajasthan
(b) In Arabian Sea.
(c) In Andaman Sea
(d) In Madhya Pradesh
Answer:
(c) In Andaman Sea
(iv) Where do the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal branch of the monsoon merge in the Ganga plains?
(a) northwestern part
(b) northeastern part
(c) south-western part
(d) south-eastern part
Answer:
(a) northwestern part
(v) “El Nind” is a word from the following language:
(a) English
(b) French
(c) Spanish
(d) German
Answer:
(c) Spanish.