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Environmental Deforestation | Definition, Causes and Effects
Deforestation is one of the major contributors to enhance green house effect and global warming. The conversion of forested area into a non-forested area is known as deforestation. Forests provide us many benefits including goods such as timber, paper, medicine and industrial products. The causes are
- The conversion of forests into agricultural plantation and livestock ranching is a major cause of deforestation.
- Logging for timber
- Developmental activities like road construction, electric tower lines and dams.
- Over population, Industrialisation, urbanisation and increased global needs.
Effects of deforestation
- Burning of forest wood release stored carbon, a negative impact just opposite of carbon sequestration.
- Trees and plants bind the soil particles. The removal of forest cover increases soil erosion and decreases soil fertility. Deforestation in dry areas leads to the formation of deserts.
- The amount of run of water increases soil erosion and also creates flash floding, thus reducing moisture and humidity.
- The alteration of local precipitation patterns leading to drought conditions in many regions. It triggers adverse climatic conditions and alters water cycle in ecosystem.
- It decreases the bio-diversity signifiantly as their habitats are disturbed and disruption of natural cycles.
- Loss of livelihood for forest dwellers and rural people.
- Increased global warming and account for one-third of total CO2 emission.
- Loss of life support resources, fuel, medicinal herbs and wild edible fruits.