The Age of Industrialisation Class 10 MCQ Online Test With Answers Questions

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Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 5 MCQ With Answers

History Class 10 Chapter 5 MCQs On The Age of Industrialisation

Age Of Industrialisation Class 10 MCQ Question 1.
Which of the following statements is not true about the album cover “Dawn of the century”?
(a) The painting appeared on the cover of a music book published by E.T. Pauli in 1900.
(b) The centre of the picture represents the angel of progress, bearing the flag of the new century.
(c) She is gently perched on a wheel with wings, symbolising scientific inventions.
(d) Her flight is taking her into the future.
Answer:
(c) She is gently perched on a wheel with wings, symbolising scientific inventions.

Explanation: The wheel with wings symbolises time not scientific inventions. The painting appeared as the cover of a music book by publisher E.T. Pauli in the 1900s.

The Age Of Industrialisation Class 10 MCQ Question 2.
Which of the following fictional characters was featured in the painting, Two Magicians?
(a) Popeye
(b) Romeo and Juliet
(c) Touchstone
(d) Aladdin
Answer:
(d) Aladdin

Explanation: Two Magicians, published on 26 January, 1901 appeared as a trade magazine over a hundred years ago. It featured Aladdin from the orient who built a beautiful palace with his magic lamp. The other was a modern mechanic, who with his modern tools weaves a new magic builds bridges, ships, towers and high-rise buildings. Aladdin is shown as representing the East and the past, the mechanic stands for the West and modernity.

Class 10 History Chapter 5 MCQ With Answers Question 3.
Which of the following is not a function of trade guiLds?
(a) They trained craftspeopte.
(b) They maintained control over production.
(c) They reguLated competition and prices.
(d) They produced metal goods.
Answer:
(d) They produced metaL goods.

Explanation: Trade guilds were not producers and manufacturers. They did not produce any goods, they were just professional guilds and other interest groups. They regulated competition, production and trained craftspeople.

Age Of Industrialisation Class 10 MCQs Question 4.
Who was a Stapler?
(a) He spun the final clothes.
(b) He sorts wooL according to its fibre
(c) He gathers wool by pleating
(d) He dyes clothes.
Answer:

Class 10 Age Of Industrialisation MCQ Question 5.
………………. was the textiLe finishing centre.
(a) London
(b) Shanghai
(c) Delhi
(d) New York
Answer:
(a) London

The Age Of Industrialisation MCQ Question 6.
The symbol of the new era was ………..
(a) Steel
(b) Cotton
(c) Silk
(d) Iron
Answer:
(b) Cotton

Class 10 History Chapter 5 MCQ Question 7.
Invented the Steam Engine- Newcomen:
Improved upon the steam engine and patented it: ………..
(a) James Watt
(b) Richard Arkwright
(c) James Fuller
(d) James Hargreaves
Answer:
(a) James Watt

Related Theory
Richard Arkwnght created the Cotton Mill. James Hargreaves devised the spinning Jenny.

Age Of Industrialisation MCQ Question 8.
Which of the following reasons correctly describes the probLem that the American Civil War caused for Indian weavers?
(a) Indian weavers couLd not get sufficient supply of raw cotton of good quality.
(b) The Americans stopped suppLying raw cotton to India.
(c) America decreased their prices drastically and hence Indian goods were not in demand.
(d) American oversupplied raw cotton to Britain.
Answer:
(a) Indian weavers could not get sufficient supply of raw cotton of good quality. Explanation: Weavers could not get sufficient suppLy of raw cotton of good quality.

When the American Civil War broke out, cotton supplies from the US were cut off, Britain began heavily importing from India. This led to a severe rise in the price of raw cotton. Weavers were starved of supplies and had to buy raw cotton at exorbitant prices.

MCQ Of Chapter Age Of Industrialisation Class 10 Question 9.
Which of the following was a label used by producers to advertise their products in India?
(a) Made in Delhi
(b) Made in Manchester
(c) Made in Vienna
(d) Made in London
Answer:

MCQ On The Age Of Industrialisation Class 10 Question 10.
Choose the most appropriate option:
First Jute Mill- Bengal; First Cotton Mill-
(a) Surat
(b) Bombay
(c) Bengal
(d) Madras
Answer:
(b) Bombay

Explanation: The first cotton mill was set up in Bombay (Mumbai) in 1854. Around the same time jute mills were set in Bengal.

MCQ Of The Age Of Industrialisation Question 11.
The pattern of industrial change in India was conditioned by
(a) Colonial rule of Britain
(b) Weakness of the rulers of India
(c) Rampant Poverty in India
(d) Diverse provinces and their disjointed administrations
Answer:
(a) Colonial rule of Britain

MCQ Of History Chapter The Age Of Industrialisation Class 10 Question 12.
Richard Arkwright is associated with which of the following mills:
(a) Elgin Mill
(b) Iron and Steel Factory
(c) Jute Mill
(d) Cotton Mill
Answer:
(d) Cotton Mill

Explanation: Sir Richard Arkwright was an English inventor and a leading entrepreneur during the early Industrial Revolution.

He created the Cotton Mill which revolutionised cloth production.

Class 10 The Age Of Industrialisation MCQ Question 13.
Which of the following is not a European Managing agency?
(a) Bird Heiglers & Co.
(b) Peter Mcguire & Co.
(c) Andrew Yule
(d) Jardine Skinner & Co.
Answer:
(b) Peter Mcguire & Co.

Explanation: Peter Mcguire & Co is an American company.

The Age Of Industrialization Class 10 MCQ Question 14.
The sale of sarees was not affected by famines in India.
(a) Kanjeevaram Sarees
(b) Baluchari sarees
(c) Cotton Sarees
(d) Khadi Sarees
Answer:
(b) Baluchari Sarees

Explanation: Famines affected the demand of goods made from coarser fabrics. Fine fabrics like Baluchari silk were bought by the rich who could afford to buy it at any time of the year.

Industrialisation Class 10 MCQ Question 15.
Which of the following reasons correctly explains the increased Indian industrial growth after the First World War?
(a) Britishers had begun opening new factories in India
(b) New technology was introduced
(c) India gained control of its mills and production houses
(d) There was a vast home market for Indian mills to supply since British economy was in ruins
Answer:
(d) There was a vast home market for Indian mills to supply since British economy was in ruins.

Explanation: British economy crumbled after the war. It could not recapture its position. In the meantime, Indian industries had started producing weLl and above for its home market. Local industrialists gradually consolidated their position.

Question 16.
When was the first weaving and spinning mill set up?
(a) 1878
(b) 1874
(c) 1873
(d) 1879
Answer:
(b) 1874

Question 17.
Which of the following countries could the term Occident refer to?
(a) Sri Lanka
(b) America
(c) Iran
(d) India
Answer:
(b) America

Explanation: The term Occident refers to the countries west of Mediterranean Sea. Iran, India and Sri Lanka are all located east of Mediterranean Sea.

Question 18.
In 1911, 67 percent of Indian large industries were located in which of the following areas?
(a) Bengal and Bombay
(b) Surat and Bharuch
(c) Masulipatnam and Bengal
(d) Ahmedabad and Nagpur jute mill in Kolkata?
Answer:

Question 19.
…… was the first industrialised nation in the worLd.
(a) Britain
(b) India
(c) Finland
(d) Germany
Answer:
(a) Britain

Question 20.
Who among the following set up the first jute mitt in Kotkata?
(a) J. N Tata
(b) Seth Hukumchand
(c) Dwarkanath Tagore
(d) Dinshaw Petit
Answer:
(b) Seth Hukumchand

Explanation: Fie was a Marwari businessman who traded with China and set up this mill in Kolkata (Calcutta) in 1917.

Question 21.
The spinning jenny was devised by
(a) TE Nicholson
(b) James Hargreaves
(c) William Bell Scott
(d) Will Thome
Answer:
(b) James Hargreaves

Explanation: Hargreaves invented the spinning jenny in 1764. This machine speeded up the spinning process and reduced labour demand.

Question 22.
Which one of the following alternatives is associated with the gomasthas?
(a) Traders
(b) Landlords
(c) Unpaid servants
(d) Paid supervisors
Answer:
(d) Paid Supervisors

Explanation: Gomasthas were paid servants employed by the British to supervise weavers, collect suppLies, and examine the quality of cloth.

Question 23.
Who among the following improved the steam engine produced by Newcomen?
(a) James Watt
(b) Matthew Boulton
(c) Henry Ford
(d) Graham Bell
Answer:

Question 24.
Which of the following groups of industries was the dynamic industries of England during its earliest phase of industrialisation?
(a) Cotton and metals
(b) Cotton and silk
(c) Silk and footwears
(d) Footwears and glass
Answer:
(a) Cotton and metals

Explanation: Cotton and metals which were developed as a result of the Industrial Revolution were the most important dynamic industries of England during its earliest phase of industrialization.

Identify the following on basis of the hints given:

Question 25.
Identify the object:
(1) It was devised by James Hargreaves
(2) It reduced labour demand
(3) It speeded up the spinning process.
Answer:
The Spinning Jenny

Explanation: The Spinning Jenny worked by turning one single wheel a worker could set in motion a number of spindles and spin several threads at the same time.

Question 26.
Identify the object:
(1) They try to shape the minds of people and create new needs.
(2) Today we live in a world where they surround us.
(3) They appear in newspapers, magazines, hoardings, street walls, television screens.
Answer:
Advertisement

Explanation: Advertisements are used by the producers to promote their product, impress the customers and lure them into buying more. Advertisements make products appear desirable and necessary.

Question 27.
Identify the personality:
(1) He was generally an old and trusted worker.
(2) He got people from his village, ensured them jobs, helped them settle in the city and provided them money in times of crisis.
(3) He therefore became a person with some authority and power.
Answer:

Correct and Rewrite/True-False
State whether the statements are true or false. If false, correct the statement.

Question 28.
The modern age appears as a wonderful time of spiritual progress.
Answer:
False
The modern age appears as a wonderful time of technological progress.

Explanation: The modern world is associated with rapid technological change and innovations, machines and factories, railways and steamships.

Question 29.
The pace of change in the ‘traditional’ industries was set by steam-powered cotton or metal industries in the 18th century.
Answer:
False.

The pace of change in the ‘traditional’ industries was not set by steam-powered cotton or metal industries.

Explanation: Despite these tremendous inventions, ordinary and small innovations were the basis of growth in many non- mechanised sectors such as food processing, building, pottery, glass work, tanning, furniture making, and production of implements.

Question 30.
The new industries replaced traditional industries easily in Britain.
Answer:

Question 31.
British in India began exporting opium to China and took tea from China to England.
Answer:
True

Question 32.
Technological changes did not spread dramatically across the industrial landscape.
Answer:
True

Fill in the blanks with suitable information:

Question 33.
The term orient refers to
Answer:
countries east to the Mediterranean Sea

Question 34.
Advertisements became a vehicle of the nationalist message of
Answer:
Swadeshi

Explanation: Indian manufacturers advertised the nationalist message of promoting the culture of the region. They wanted to imply that if an Indian cared for the nation, they should buy products that Indians produced.

Question 35.
In the 20th century, the coarser cloth was bought by the ………….. and its demand fluctuated violently.
Answer:
poor

Explanation: The demand of the cloth fluctuated because the poor people often did not have any money to buy these clothes regularly, especially during famines. They were finding it diffcult to even make their ends meet.

Question 36.
Machine-made goods were produced mainly for ………. in Victorian Britain.
Answer:
export to colonies

Explanation: The rich classes of Britain preferred handmade goods. To earn a stronghold over their colonies, the majority of the goods produced in Britain were exported to its colonies.

Question 37.
The first cotton mill in Bombay (Mumbai) came up in …………….
Answer:
1854

Question 38.
The port of ………………. lost its importance during Colonial rule in India.
Answer:

Question 39.
Surat on the coast connected India to the Gulf and Red Sea ports.
Answer:
Gujarat

Assertion Reasoning questions Class 10 History Chapter 5

In each of the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is given followed by a corresponding statement of Reason (R). Select the correct answers to codes (a), (b), (c) or (d) as given below:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong.
(d) (A) is wrong but (R) is correct.

Question 40.
Assertion (A): When Manchester industrialists began selling cloth in India, they put labels on the cloth bundles.
Reason (R): The labels were used to make the customers feel positive and confident about buying these clothes. They were marks of quality.
Answer:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Explanation: These labels were used to make the customers familiar with the name and place of production.

Question 41.
Assertion (A): With the expansion of railways, in England from the 1840s and in the colonies from the 1860s, the demand for iron and steel increased rapidly.
Reason (R): Iron and steel were used in making various parts of the trains and trams.
Answer:

Question 42.
Assertion (A): The most dynamic industries in Britain were cotton and metals.
Reason (R): There was no other material requirement at that time.
Answer:
(c) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong.

Explanation: These were the two most important industries in Britain. There were other industries like food processing, pottery, glass work, tanning, furniture making, and production of implements as well. Hence there was material requirement for other industries as well.

Question 43.
Assertion (A): The typical worker in the mid-nineteenth century was not a machine operator but the traditional craftsperson and labourer.
Reason (R): The new technology was very expensive and was accepted very slowly.
Answer:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Explanation: Labour was available in abundance and it was less expensive to work with traditional tools. SeasonaL employment saved a lot of money during off season. With machines, a lot of capital had to be invested.

Question 44.
Assertion (A): Wages were low in Victorian Britain.
Reason (R): Labour was in abundance.
Answer:

Question 45.
Assertion (A): The export of Indian yarn to China declined in 1906.
Reason (R): India began exporting more to Japan.
Answer:
(c) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong.

Explanation: The export declined because Japanese goods had filled the Chinese markets.

Question 48.
Assertion (A): Advertisements make products appear less desirable and unnecessary.
Reason (R): They try to shape the minds of people and create new needs.
Answer:
(d) (A) is wrong but (R) is correct.

Explanation: Advertisements help to make the products appear more desirable and necessary among the users.

(Competency Based Questions (CBQs))

Question 1.
Read the source and answer the question that follows:
In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, merchants from the towns in Europe began moving to the countryside, supplying money to peasants and artisans, persuading them to produce for an international market. With the expansion of world trade and the acquisition of colonies in different parts of the world, the demand for goods began growing. But merchants could not expand production within towns.
Why could the new merchants not set up business in the towns in Europe? Choose the most appropriate option.
(a) Rules forbade them.
(b) They were restricted by the monopoly of guilds and lack of demand of products.
(c) The powerful trade guilds and urban crafts restricted their entry and made it difficult for new merchants to start business in towns.
(d) The merchants did not want to trade with towns.
Answer:
(c) The powerful trade guilds and urban crafts restricted their entry and made it difficult for new merchants to start business in towns.

Explanation: Trade guilds did not allow the new merchants to set up their businesses in towns and cities. They had monopolised the markets of the towns.

Question 2.
Which of the following statements was true about European Managing Agencies?
(I) They established tea and coffee plantations
(II) They invested in mining, indigo and jute.
(III) They produced goods primarily for export trade and not for sale in India.
(IV) Till the First World War, European Managing Agencies controlled a large sector of Indian industries.
(a) (I), (II) & (IV) only
(b) (I) only
(c) (IV) only
(d) (I), (II), (III) & (IV)
Answer:
(d) (I), (II), (III) & (IV)

Explanation: European Managing Agencies dominated Indian production and markets for a long time. Three of them were Bird Heilgers & Co., Andrew Yule, and Jardine Skinner & Co. These agencies mobilised capital, set up joint- stock companies and managed them.

Question 3.
Which of the following causes led to the decline and collapse of the weaving industry in India?
(I) Export markets collapsed, local markets shrank in 1850s
(II) Indian products could not compete with cheap, machine-produced goods of Manchester
(III) Indian weavers did not have access to enough raw cotton supply
(IV) Factories in India began mass production of machine-goods and thus weavers lost their livelihoods
(a) (I) only
(b) (IV) only
(c) (II) & (III) only
(d) (I), (II), (III) & (IV)
Answer:
(d) (I), (II), (III) & (IV)

Question 4.
Read the source and answer the question that follows:
Yet, till the First World War, industrial growth was slow. The war created a dramatically new situation. With British mills busy with war production to meet the needs of the army, Manchester imports into India declined. Suddenly, Indian mills had a vast home market to supply. As the war prolonged, Indian factories were called upon to supply war needs.
What items did Indian factories supply during the First World War?
(a) Guns and weapons
(b) Jute bags, cloth for army uniforms, tents, leather boots, horse and mule saddles
(c) Medicines for war patients
(d) Nuclear weapons
Answer:
(b) Jute bags, cloth for army uniforms, tents, leather boots, horse and mule saddles

Explanation: India was a leading textile producer during 18th and 19th centuries and hence had to fulfill textile related needs during war in Britain. Nuclear power had not been discovered by then.

Question 5.
Match the items in column A with that of Column B:

Column A	Column B
(A) Elgin Mill	(I) Madras
(B) Jute Mill	(II) Kanpur
(C) Cotton Mill	(III) Bengal
(D) Spinning and Weaving Mill	(IV) Bombay

(a) (A)-(I), (B)-(III), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)
(b) (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(II), (D)-(I)
(c) (A)-(II), (B)-(III), (C)-(IV), (D)-(I)
(d) (A)-(IV), (B)-(III), (C)-(II), (D)-(I)
Answer:
(c) (A)-(II),(B)-(III),(C)-(IV),(D)-(I)

Question 6.
Which of the following statements is true about the building industry?
(I) After the 1840s, building activity intensified in the cities.
(II) After the 1840s, building activity diminished in the cities.
(III) The number of workers employed in the transport industry doubled in the 1840s.
(IV) The number of workers employed in the transport industry halved in the 1840s.
(a) (I) & (IV) only
(b) (I) & (III) only
(c) (II) & (III) only
(d) II & IV only
Answer:

Question 7.
Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:
By the turn of the nineteenth century, cotton weavers faced a new set of problems.
In 1772, Henry Patullo, a Company official, had ventured to say that the demand for Indian textiles could never reduce, since no other nation produced goods of the same quality. Yet by the beginning of the nineteenth century we see the beginning of a long decline of textile exports from India. In 1811-12 piece-goods accounted for 33 per cent of India’s exports; by 1850-51 it was no more than 3 per cent. Why did this happen? What were its implications?

As cotton industries developed in England, industrial groups began worrying about imports from other countries. They pressurised the government to impose import duties on cotton textiles so that Manchester goods could sell in Britain without facing any competition from outside.
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:
(A) Which one of the following problems was not faced by cotton weavers in India?
(a) Their export market had collapsed due to high import duties levied by Britain.
(b) They did not have good quality cotton to produce goods due to civil war.
(c) Imported goods from Manchester were cheap.
(d) There were frequent strikes in Indian industries
Answer:

(B) Which of the following was appointed by British to supervise weavers?
(a) Jobber
(b) Gomastha
(c) Sepoys
(d) Munshis
Answer:

(C) …………….. was one of the main products exported by India to Britain among textiles.
(a) Silk
(b) Wool
(c) Khadi
(d) Cotton
Answer:
(d) Cotton

(D) What was the main reason behind the following incident?
In 1811-12 piece-goods accounted for 33 per cent of India’s exports; by 1850-51 it was no more than 3 per cent.
(a) There was a famine in India.
(b) To promote their products, British restricted the import of Indian goods.
(c) To export their own products, British stopped the mills from producing in India.
(d) Britain stopped using cotton textiles.
Answer:
(b) To promote their products, British restricted the import of Indian goods. Explanation: British imposed tariffs on Indian goods to promote their own goods. This made Indian goods very expensive.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name the two industrialists of Bombay who built huge industrial empires during the nineteenth century.
Answer:
Dinshaw Petit, Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata

Question 2.
Define the term ‘Carding.
Answer:
Carding is the process in which fibres, such as cotton or wool, are prepared prior to spinning. This disentangles, cleans and intermixes fibres such as cotton or wool in order to produce a continuous web suitable for subsequent processing like spinning.

Question 3.
What is a ‘fly shuttle’?
Answer:

Question 4.
Why were the calendars used by Indian producers to popularise Indian products?
Answer:
Calendars were used by people of all classes regions and castes. They were even more popular than newspapers.

Question 5.
Name the four steps in production of yarn?
Answer:
Carding, twisting and spinning, and rolling

Question 6.
Why did silk and cotton goods from India dominate the international market in textiles?
Answer:
They were very fine in quality. Other countries produced coarser cotton.

Question 7.
When were the factories first established in Britain?
Answer:
1730s

Question 8.
Which Indian movement led to the boycott of foreign goods?
Answer:
Swadeshi movement

Question 9.
Why did the East India Company appoint ‘Gomasthas’?
Answer:
The East India Company appointed gomasthas to supervise weavers in India to establish a more direct control over the weavers, free of the existing traders and brokers in the cloth trade.

Related Theory
The Gomasthas were the paid servants who supervised the weavers, collected supplies and examined the quality of cloth.

MCQ Questions for Class 10 Social Science with Answers

Class 10 Social Science History MCQ: