Here we are providing Class 12 Political Science Important Extra Questions and Answers Chapter 8 Regional Aspirations. Political Science Class 12 Important Questions are the best resource for students which helps in class 12 board exams.

Class 12 Political Science Chapter 8 Important Extra Questions Regional Aspirations

Regional Aspirations Important Extra Questions Very Short Answer Type

Question 1.
What will happen if the regions are not given their due share in decision-making at the national level? (C.B.S.E. 2017)
Answer:
The best way to respond to regional aspiration is through democratic negotiations. Suppression of the movement gives the wrong color. The government of India tries to negotiate with regional problems and this produces a reconciliation the example of Mizoram proves that political settlement can resolve the problem of separation effectively. Regions must have a share in deciding the destiny of the nation as they together form the nation. If the regions are not given their share at the national level, the feeling of alignment and injustice destroys the mutual harmony.

Question 2.
How far did the Rajiv Gandhi-Longowal Accord succeed in bringing normalcy to Punjab? (C.B.S.E. 2017)
Answer:
In July 1985, Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi reached an agreement with Sant Harchand Singh Longowal known as the Rajiv Gandhi-Longowal Accord, to bring normalcy in Punjab. However, peace did not come easily. The cycle of violence continued for a decade. Militancy and counter-insurgency violence led to excesses by the police and violation of human rights. It ultimately compelled the central government to impose President’s rule in the state. During the election of 1992, only 24% of the elector turned out to vote. Militancy was eventually eradicated by the security forces. After post militancy era in 1997, Akali Dal along with BJP scored a major victory and politics has gradually moved back along secular lines

Question 3.
While the rest of the country was reorganized on linguistic lines in the 1950s, why had Punjab wait till 1966? (C B.S.E. 2016)
Answer:
Punjab had to wait till 1966, because the leaders of Punjab were not in favor of division, as the division would have divided the resources of Punjab. This was not justified for the development of Punjab.

Question 4.
In your opinion, was the Anandpur Sahib’s resolution a plea for strengthening federalism or a plea for a separate Sikh nation. (C.B.S.E. 2017)
Answer:
Anandpur Sahib resolution was a plea for strengthening federalism and not a plea for a separate Sikh nation.

Question 5.
Assess the role of democratic negotiations in responding to regional aspirations. (C.B.S.E. 2017)
Answer:
Democratic negotiations are very much helpful in solving the regional aspirations, for example, terrorism in Punjab, problems of north-east of India, Mizoram problem, etc all regional problems can only be solved through democratic and peaceful ways only.

Question 6.
How was the reorganization of North-East India completed and by when? (Imp.) (C.B.S.E. 2016)
Answer:
The reorganization of the North-East was completed by 1972. Instead of one tribal state, several states got carved out of Assam. Central Government had to create Meghalaya, Mizoram, and Arunachal Pradesh out of Assam, Tripura, and Manipur were upgraded into a state too.

Question 7.
“Jammu and Kashmir comprise of some social and political regions.” Support the statement with any two examples from any two regions. (C.B.S.E. 2019)
Answer:

  1. Kashmir: Kashmir valley is the heart of the Kashmir region. The majority of the people are Muslims and Kashmiri speaking. Hindus are in minority.
  2. Jammu: Jammu region is a mixture of foothills and plains. It is having people of Hindu, Muslims and Sikh community and they speak various languages.

Question 8.
Analyze the thesis propounded by E.V. Ramaswami Naicker popularly known as Periyar. (C.B.S.E. 2019)
Answer:
E.V. Ramaswami Naicker is known as a strong supporter of atheism. He was famous for his anticaste struggle. He propounded the thesis that worth Indians and Brahmins are Aryan. He opposed Hindi and the domination of north India.

Question 9.
What was ‘operation Blue Star’? Why did it hurt the sentiments of the Sikh Community? (C.B.S.E. 2016)
Or
Why was operation blue star launched? (C.B.S.E. Sample Q.P. 2017)
Answer:
On 5th June 1984, a military operation took place in the Golden Temple of Amritsar, the most important and pious place of the Sikh Community. This operation the Golden Temple, is known as the ‘Blue Star Operation’ Due to the sanctity of the Golden Temple, the operation ‘Blue Star’ hurt the sentiments of the Sikh Community.

Question 10.
How was the Naxalite movement splintered into various political parties and organizations of India? (C.B.S.E. Sample Q.P. 2017)
Answer:
The Maoist movement started in the year 1967 in Bengal. In 1969 the Maoists got separated from CPI (M) and under the leadership of Charu Majumdar they formed the party C.P.I. (Marxist-Leninist). Later this movement formed C.P.I. (M.L. Liberation)

Question 11.
What does the special status given to Jammu and Kashmir under Article 370 mean? (C.B.S.E. 2014)
Answer:

  1. Article 370 provides a separate constitution for the state of Jammu and Kashmir. But no other state of India has a separate constitution.
  2. Under Article 370, the Residuary Powers belong to Jammu and Kashmir state, whereas for another state it belongs to the Union Parliament.

But on 5-6 August, 2019 Article 370 abrogated from the Indian constitution.

Question 12.
With which objectives DMK made its entry into Indian Politics? (C.B.S.E. Sample Q.P. 2017)
Answer:

  1. the First objective was the restoration of the original name of Kallakudi railway station which had been renamed Dalmiapuram.
  2. the Secondary objective was for giving Tamil cultural history greater importance in the school curriculum.

Regional Aspirations Important Extra Questions Very Short Answer Type (2 Marks)

Question 1.
Why were the seven small states created in North-East India? (Imp.) (C.B.S.E. 2015)
Answer:
The Partition of India in 1947 had reduced the North-East to a land-locked region and affected its economy. Cut-off from the rest of India, the region suffered neglect in developmental terms. These states also underwent major demographic changes due to the influx of migrants from neighboring states and countries. Therefore, for boosting the economy seven small states were created in the North-East.

Question 2.
When was the first democratic election to Sikkim Assembly held and which party swept the elections? (Imp.) (C.B.S.E. 2013)
Answer:
The first democratic election to Sikkim Assembly was held in 1974 and the Sikkim Congress party won the elections.

Q.3.
Justify that, “Regionalism is not as dangerous as Communalism.” (C.B.S.E. 2015)
Answer:
Regionalism only denotes a feeling of love for a particular region, while communalism encourages communal riots.

Question 4.
Why do some people feel that Article 370 should be revoked? (Imp.) (C.B.S.E. 2015)
Answer:
Some people feel that Article 370 should be revoked because Article 370 does not allow full integration of the Jammu and Kashmir State with India.

Therefore, on 5-6 August 2019, Article 370 was abrogated from the Indian constitution.

Question 5.
The States of which region of India are referred to a ‘Seven Sisters’? (C.B.SE. 2013)
Answer:
The states of the North-East (Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Manipur, Nagaland, Mizoram, and Tripura) region of India are referred to as the ‘Seven Sisters’.

Question 6.
Mention any one point of; agreement included in the Rajiv • Gandhi Logowal Accord. (C.B.S.E. 2013)
Answer:
To resolve the border dispute between Punjab and Haryana, a commission would be established.

Question 7.
Which organization of Assam led the movement against foreign: national in 1979? (C.B.S.E. 2013)
Or
Which student group led the anti-foreigner movement in Assam? (C.B.S.E. 2014)
Answer:
All Assam Students Union.

Question 8.
How far is the demand for reservation beyond SCs, STs, and OBCs, justified? (C.B.S.E. 2017)
Answer:
The demand for reservation beyond SCs, STs, and OBCs should be based on economic conditions. Because poor people of every class of the society need help.

Question 9.
Why is violence between two communities considered a threat to democracy? (C.B.S.E. 2017)
Answer:
It is true that violence between two communities is considered a threat to democracy. India’s democratic politics is based on the premise that all religious communities enjoy the freedom that they may join any party. It is also accepted that there will not be community-based political parties. Even then the democratic atmosphere of the country faced many challenges during the anti-Sikh riots of 1984, violence in Gujrat in 2002, demolition of Babri Masjid in 1992, etc. Thus communal riots are against democratic norms.

Choose the correct answer:

Question 10.
In which year agreement took place between Sheikh Abdullah and Prime Minister Indira Gandhi?
(a) 1970
(b) 1974
(c) 1976
(d) 1980.
Answer:
(b) 1974.

Question 11.
When Anandpur Sahib Resolution was passed?
(a) 1962
(b) 1965
(c) 1967
(d) 1973.
Answer:
(d) 1973.

Question 12.
Who was the leader of the Naga National Council?
(a) V.P. Singh
(b) Lai Denga
(c) Karunanidhi
(d) Angame Zapu Phizo.
Answer:
(d) Angami Zapu Phizo.

Question 13.
Correct and rewrite the statement. Ravi, Beas river dispute was resolved between Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, and Uttarakhand. (Sample Paper 2019-20)
Answer:
Ravi, the Bears river dispute was resolved between Punjab, Haryana, and Rajasthan.

Regional Aspirations Important Extra Questions Short Answer Type

Question 1.
Why did the movement for Secession in the Mizo Hills area gain popular support? How was the Problem solved? (C.B.S.E. 20IS)
Or
Why and how did the Mizo Movement for secession gain Popular Support? (Imp.) (CM.S.E. 2016)
Answer:
The inhabitants of Mizo Hills in Assam demanded Secession from the Indian Union and established Mizo National Front to get their demand conceded. The Mizos organized armed agitation and commenced guerilla warfare. The MNF was banned during Chinese aggression. The government, keeping their aspirations in view decided to make the Mizo Hills area a Union Territory, which was inaugurated by Prime Minister Smt. Indira Gandhi on 21st January 1972. It was named Mizoram. However, Mizos headed by Laldenga were not satisfied with this arrangement. Ultimately in 1986, a peace agreement was signed between Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi and Laldenga. Under this agreement, Mizoram was granted full-fledged statehood. Laldenga was made the Chief Minister of Mizoram.

Question 2.
What are the factors that fuel the fire of separatism in India?
Answer:
Following are the reasons that cause separatism in India:

  1. Geographical and Cultural Causes. After independence, the states were reorganized on the basis of old boundaries and so the people living in one state could not develop the feeling of oneness. Generally, language and culture lead to regional sentiments.
  2. Historical Causes. History has contributed to the origin of regionalism doubly i.e., positively and negatively which leads to separatism. Origin of Shiv Sena is a proof of positive contribution and Dravida Munnetra Kazgham a negative one.
  3. Language. Norman D. Palmer believes that much of the political concerns the question of regionalism and language. He opines that the problem of regionalism is candidly connected with language. India is a multi-lingual country and people speaking various languages initiated intense movements for separate states. Indian Government, by organizing states on a linguistic basis, has created a never-ending problem.
  4. Caste. Caste, too, has contributed significantly to the origin of regionalism. Domination of a single caste at a place leads to a violent form of regionalism.

Question 3.
Explain the rise of political violence in the North-Eastern parts of India. (C.B.S.E. 2009)
Answer:
After independence, three issues dominate the politics of the North East, demands for autonomy, movements for secessions, and opposition to outsiders. Mizo National Front (MNF) was formed under the leadership of Laldenga. In 1966, the MNF started an armed campaign for independence. There was political violence for two decades. The MNF fought a guerilla war. In 1986, an agreement was signed between Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi and Laldenga. Under this agreement, Mizoram was given full statehood. In Nagaland, Naga National Council Launched an armed struggle for sovereignty of Nagas. In Assam, there was a big movement against outsiders. This Movement involved many tragic and violent incidents leading to the loss of property and human lives.

Question 4.
What lessons can we draw from the feeling of alienation in some parts of India? (C.B.S.E. 2009)
Answer:
After independence in some parts of India, there was a feeling of alienation among the people. We can draw the following lesson from the feelings of alienation:

  • There is a great need to remove disparities among the different regions of the nation.
  • Special attention should be given to the development of backward areas.

Regional Aspirations Important Extra Questions Long Answer Type

Question 1.
Mention important changes after repeating Article 370. (C.B.S.E. 2015):
Answer:
Important changes after repeating Article 370 on 5-6 August 2019 by the Indian Government were following:

  1. Jammu and Kashmir will have no separate flag or constitution. Tenure of the assembly will be for 5 years and not 6. Indian Penal Code will replace Ranbir Penal Code.
  2. People from other states, who were barred from purchasing land and properties will now be eligible to do so. Immovable property can be transferred to a non-state subject Non-permanent residents can permanently settle in-state.
  3. Outsiders can now be employed in state government and companies and will also be eligible for scholarship in state run institutions.
  4. RTI Act will be applicable in J&K, there can now be a quota for minorities.
  5. The schemes that were earlier on paper will be implemented on the ground.
  6. Children will get the right to education.
  7. The girl child in J&K was deprived of marrying outside the state, but now they are equal rights like the rest of India.
  8. Dalits and minorities will be given the same benefits from the laws meant to protect them.
  9. People will get all benefits from the reservation laws passed by the central government.
  10. Proper protection for the rights of Dalit tribal- people, scheduled tribes and forest tribal people, and scheduled castes.
  11. Dual citizenship present in Jammu & Kashmir.
  12. Ladakh separated from Jammu and Kashmir. Now both Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh were Union Territory.
  13. India now has 28 states and 9 Union Territories.

Question 2.
Describe any three obstacles that delayed the merger of Jammu and Kashmir with India. (C.B.S.E. 2015)
Answer:
Jammu and Kashmir mainly comprise three social, political, and geographical regions Ladakh, Kashmir, and Jammu. The Ladakh area is mountainous with a little population of Buddhists and Muslims. Kashmir valley is very beautiful in which Muslims are in majority and Kashmiri Hindus are in minority. Jammu region is a mix of foot-hills plains inhabited by Hindu-Muslims-Sikhs and others. Following are the obstacles that delayed the merger of Jammu and Kashmir with India.
1. British government before independence declared that it is the free will of Princely states to merge with Pakistan or India or remain as Independent states. The people of Jammu Kashmir did not want to merge with India and tried to have an independent state.

2. Sheikh Abdullah, the popular leader of the National Conference, though wanted to get rid of Maharaja Hari Singh ruler of Kashmir, but was against joining Pakistan. National Conference was getting help from Congress and leaders like Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru.

In Oct. 1947 Pakistan sent some tribal forces to capture Kashmir and then Hari Singh-Maharaja was forced for help from India. India gave military help and as a result, one part of Kashmir came under Pakistan known as ‘Azad Kashmir’.

3. There is another dispute about the State of Kashmir within the Indian Union. Kashmir was given a special status by Article 370 in our constitution as compared to other states of India. The state has its own constitution which is different from the democracy practiced in the rest of India.

On 5-6 August 2019, Article 370 was abrogated from the Indian constitution, Ladhakh separated from J&K. Both J&K and Ladakh become Union territories. Therefore now in India, there are 28 states and 9 Union Territories.

Question 3.
Describe the role of E.V. Ramaswami ‘Periyar’ in the Dravid Movement and the formation of Dravid Kazhagam (D.K). Why did the DK gets split and enter into politics as DMK? (C.B.S.E. 2015)
Answer:
The Dravidian movement was one of the first regional movements in Indian politics. The Dravidian movement was led under the leadership of Tamil social reformer E.V. Ramaswami ‘Periyar’. The organization opposed the dominance of Brahmins. It used democratic means like debates and an electoral platform to achieve its ends. Through these means, the party on the movement acquire political power in the state and also became influential at the national level also earlier the movement spoke in terms of the whole of South India, but due to lack of support from other states, the movement limited to Tamil Nadu only.

The Dravidian movement ultimately got split and was transferred to Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK). The DMK made its entry into politics with three agitations.

Firstly, it demanded the restoration of the original name Kallakudi railway station instead of Dalmiapuram.

Secondly, agitation was for giving more importance to Tamil culture in school curricula.

Thirdly, agitation was against the craft education scheme of the state government. The DMK alleged that craft education was linked to Brahmanical social outlook. It also agitated against Hindu as the country’s official language Anti-Hindi agitation got successful in 1965 and it added to DMK’s popularity.

Question 4.
Describe the process of Goa’s liberation and becoming a State of the Indian Union. {Imp.) {C.B.S.E. 2015)
Or
Describe the story of Goa’s liberation from the Portuguese to its becoming a state of the Indian Union. (C.B.S.E. 2016)
Answer:
India got Independence in 1947 from British rule, yet Portugal refused to withdraw colonial rule from Goa, Daman, and Diu. The Portuguese during their long rule carried out forced religious conversions. After independence Indian government tried, peacefully, to persuade the Portuguese government to withdraw its possession from Goa, etc., but of no use. Socialists Satyagrah from Maharashtra strengthened the popular movement within Goa. In December 1961, the Indian government sent armies to liberate these territories. After two days of struggle Goa, Diu and Daman became Union territory.

Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party (MGP) tried to merge Goa with Maharashtra but Goans were keen to retain a separate identity and culture. In January 1967, the Central Government held a special ‘opinion poll’, and the majority of Goan people voted in favor of remaining outside of Maharashtra. Finally, in 1987, Goa became a state of the Indian Union.

Question 5.
Describe any two secessionist movements of North-East India. (C.B.S.E. 2013)
Answer:
1. Mizo-Movements: The inhabitants of Mizo Hills in Assam demanded secession from the Indian Union and established Mizo National Front (MNF) to get their demands conceded. The Mizos organized armed agitation and commenced guerilla warfare. The MNF was banned during Chinese aggression. The government, keeping their aspirations in view, decided to make the Mizo Hills area a Union Territory, which was inaugurated by Prime Minister Smt. Indira Gandhi on 21st January 1972. It was named Mizoram. However, Mizos headed by Laldenga were not satisfied with this arrangement. Ultimately in 1986, a peace agreement was signed between Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi and Laldenga. Under this agreement, Mizoram was granted full-fledged statehood. Laldenga was made the Chief Minister of Mizoram.

2. Naga Movement: Nagas led by Angami Zapu Phizo demanded secession from the Indian Union. A section of the Nagas declared Independence from Indian Union in 1951. The Naga National Council (NNC) started an armed struggle for sovereignty. After a long violent period, the Nagas signed an agreement with the Government of India. The problem of Nagas still awaits a final resolution, because the agreement was not acceptable to other rebel groups.

Question 6.
Which three lessons do we learn from regional aspirations and their: accommodation as an integral part of: democratic politics? Describe. (C. B. S JE. 2016)
Answer:
The period since 1980 accentuated regional aspirations ranging from demands of statehood, economic development to autonomy and separation keep coming up. We learn from the following lessons.
1. Regional aspirations are very much a part of democratic politics. Expression of regional issues is very much a normal phenomenon. India has large and diverse democracy and she should deal with regional aspirations on a regular basis.

2. Secondly, the best way to respond to regional aspirations is through democratic negotiations. Suppression of the movement gives the wrong color. The government of India reached negotiated settlement with regional movements and this produced a reconciliation. The example of Mizoram proves that political settlement can resolve the problem of separatism effectively.

3. Thirdly, the regions together form the nation. So regions must have a share in deciding the destiny of a nation. Groups and parties from the region must be given a share in power at the state level. If the regions are not given share at the national level, the feeling of alignment and injustice destroys the mutual harmony.

Question 7.
Describe the advantages of the democratic approach to the question of diversity in uniting a large country like India. (C.B.S.K 20IS)
Answer:
India is a vast country and people belonging to various religions and castes live here. Many religions in the country are developed while others are underdeveloped. The standard of living of the people of U.P., Bihar, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, and Nagaland is very low. The regional feeling and regional imbalances encourage the feeling of separatism in India.

Social tension and violence is the biggest hurdle in the way of a successful democracy. It always exists in one part of the country or the other because of economic inequality and regional feelings.

In India, people have the right to express their regional aspirations. Besides this, in democratic politics, there is a full opportunity for different political parties to represent the regional aspirations of native people. Regional aspiration is a very strong aspect of democratic politics and due weight and importance are given to it.

Question 8.
Briefly describe the story of Sikkim from the time of India’s MMJ independence to its merger with India. (C.B.S.E. 2015)
Answer:
By 1947, Sikkim became a protectorate state of India’ means it was neither a part of India, but nor a fully sovereign country also. Sikkim’s monarch Chogyal was just an internal administrator, whereas defense and foreign relations were looked after by the Indian government. The majority of Sikkim’s population was Nepali and they were against the rulers. Anti- Chogyal leaders got help from India and in 1974 in the Sikkim assembly election, Sikkim Congress voted for greater integration with India. The Indian Parliament accepted the popular approval of the Sikkim Assembly and Sikkim became the 22nd State of the Indian Union. Though Chogyal did not accept this merger yet it enjoyed popular support.

Question 9.
Describe the three major issues in the North-Eastern states of India. (C.B.S.E. Sample Q.P. 2017)
Answer:
Following are the three major issues in the North-Eastern states in India.
1. Demand for Autonomy. The first major issue of North-Easter states is the Demand for Autonomy. Demand for Autonomy arose when the non-Assamese felt that the Assam government was imposing the Assamese language on them.

2. Secessionist movement:
1. Mizo-Movements: The inhabitants of Mizo Hills in Assam demanded secession from the Indian Union and established Mizo National Front (MNF) to get their demands conceded. The Mizos organized armed agitation and commenced guerilla warfare. The MNF was banned during Chinese aggression. The government, keeping their aspirations in view, decided to make the Mizo Hills area a Union Territory, which was inaugurated by Prime Minister Smt. Indira Gandhi on 21st January 1972. It was named Mizoram. However, Mizos headed by Laldenga were not satisfied with this arrangement. Ultimately in 1986, a peace agreement was signed between Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi and Laldenga. Under this agreement, Mizoram was granted full-fledged statehood. Laldenga was made the Chief Minister of Mizoram.

2. Naga Movement: Nagas led by Angami Zapu Phizo, demanded secession from the Indian Union. A section of the Nagas declared Independence from Indian Union in 1951. The Naga National Council (NNC) started an armed struggle for sovereignty. After a long violent period, the Nagas signed an agreement with the Government of India. The problem of Nagas still awaits a final resolution, because the agreement was not acceptable to other rebel groups.

3. Movements against outsides: The large-scale migration into the North-East gave rise to a unique problem. i.e., the local people pitted against outsiders migrants. In many states of North-East, local people started political and social movements against the outsiders because the latter not only influenced their culture but also exploited the natural resources for their benefit.

Question 10.
While trying to forge and retain unity in diversity in India, there are many difficult issues that are yet to be tackled. Describe any three such areas of tension. (C.B.S.E. 2016)
Answer:
1. Jammu and Kashmir and 370. Kashmir issue is a major issue of tension. The accession of Jammu and Kashmir to India was brought into being on 26th Oct. 1949. Article 370 was included in the Indian constitution in order to satisfy the political aspirations of the people of Jammu and Kashmir. Article 370 gives special status to Jammu and Kashmir. The state of Jammu and Kashmir has its own Constitution, separate flag, and separate law or citizenship. Article 370 is very important for the people of Jammu and Kashmir.

Article 370 is included in the Indian Constitution in order to satisfy the political aspirations of the people of Jammu and Kashmir. Article 370 gives special status to Jammu and Kashmir. Sardar Patel declared in the Indian Constituent Assembly, “In view of the special problem with which the Jammu and Kashmir government is faced we have made special provisions for the continuance of the state with the Union on the existing basis. The state of Jammu and Kashmir has its own Constitution, separate flag, and separate law of citizenship. Moreover, the control of the Union Government over the state of Jammu and Kashmir is not as effective as it is in other states. Changes in Article 370 can be made by the Parliament but with the consent of the government of Jammu and Kashmir.

On 5-6 August 2019, Article 370 was abrogated from Indian Constitution, Ladakh separate from J&K. Both J&K and Ladakh become Union Territories. Therefore now in India, there are 28 states and 9 Union Territories.

2. Problem of North-East: After independence three issues dominate the politics of North-East, demands for autonomy, movements for secessions, and opposition to outsiders. Mizo National Front (MNF) was formed under the leadership of Laldenga. In 1966 the MNF started an armed campaign for independence. There was political violence for two decades. The MNF fought a guerilla war. In 1986 agreement was signed between Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi and Laldenga. Under this agreement, Mizoram was given full statehood. In Nagaland, Naga National Council Launched an armed struggle for sovereignty of Nagas. In Assam, there was a big Movement against outsiders. This Movement involved many tragic and violent incidents leading to the loss of property and human lives.

3. Movement for a separate state. Another tension in India is a various movement going on for separate states.

Question 11.
Read the passage and answer the questions that follow. (C.B.S.E. Sample Paper 2018)

Article 370 gives greater autonomy to Jammu and Kashmir as compared to other states of India. The state has its own constitution. All provisions of the Indian constitution are not applicable to the state. Laws passed by the Parliament apply to J & K only if the state agrees. This special status has provoked two opposite reactions. There is a section of people outside J&K that believe that the special status of the state conferred by article 370 does not allow full integration of the state with India. This section feels that Article 370 should therefore be revoked and J&K should be like any other state in India.
(a) The people of Kashmir have strongly resisted the question of repeal of article 370 from the Indian Constitution. Analyze any three reasons for the same.

1. Scrapping of Article-370 would be a breach of faith not only with the leaders of Jammu and Kashmir; particularly leaders of the National Conference, but also with the Constituent Assembly of the state and the people of Jammu and Kashmir.

2. Article-370 can be scrapped only by the method of amendment in the Indian Constitution which is not so easy because National Parties like the Indian National Congress, CPI, and CPM favor the retention of Article-370. Thus, the scrapping of Article-370 is unrealistic.

3. The best way to delete Article 370 is to persuade and convince the people of Jammu and Kashmir. So that the demand for scrapping Article 370 comes from the people of Jam mu and Kashmir.

(b) Suggest any two steps that can be taken to improve the situation in Kashmir.
Answer:

  1. The government should generate more employment in the state.
  2. Pakistan is supported terrorism should be stopped in state.

Question 12.
In the given political outline map of India, five states have been marked as A, B, C, D, and E. Identify these States on the basis of the information given below and write their correct name in your answer-book along with the respective serial number of the information used and the concerned alphabet as per the following format: (C.B.S.E. 2018)
(i) The State where the Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place.
(ii) The State where a Dairy Cooperative Movement under the name ‘Amur was launched.
(iii) The State was benefited from the ‘Green Revolution’.
(iv) The State which was created in 2000.
(v) The State which faced a near-famine situation during the 1960s.

Political Science Class 12 Important Questions Chapter 8 Regional Aspirations im-1
Answer:

Sr. No. of the information used Concerned Alphabet      Name of the State
(i) D Punjab
(ii) E Gujarat
(iii) A Uttar Pradesh
(iv) B Chhatisgarh
(v) C Bihar

Note: The following questions are for the Visually Impaired candidates only, in lieu of the above question
1. In which State did the Jallianwala Bagh massacre take place?
Answer:
‘Jallianwalla Bagh massacre take place in Punjab.

2. In which State was the ‘AmuF Milk Dairy Cooperative Movement started?
Answer:
‘Amul’ Milk Dairy cooperative movement started in Gujarat.

3. Name the State which was created in the year 2000.
Answer:
Chhatisgarh

4. Name the State in the East of India which came into existence due to bifurcation at the time of partition in 1947.
Answer:
West Bengal

5. Which two States were the most benefitted by the Green Revolution?
Answer:
Uttar Pradesh and Haryana

Question 13.
Read the passage given below carefully and answer the questions that follow: (C.B.S.E. 2017)

Movements are not only about collective assertions or only about rallies and protests. They involve a gradual process of coming together of people with similar problems, similar demands, and similar expectations. But then movements are also about making people aware of their rights and the expectations that they can have from democratic institutions. Social movements in India have been involved in these educative tasks for a long time and have thus contributed to the expansion of democracy rather than causing disruptions.
(i) Mention anyone’s right granted to the people of India as a result of any movement.
Answer:
One right the ‘right to information’ is granted to the people of India as a result of movement.

(ii) How far do you agree that social movements have contributed to the expansion of democracy rather than causing disruption?
Answer:
The studies of popular movements are very helpful in understanding the nature of democratic
politics. Non-party movements are neither sporadic in nature nor are these a problem. These movements have proved very helpful in solving some problems of party-politics and thus these movements should be seen as an integral part of our democratic life.

Generally, in these movements poor workers, farmers, and economically and socially backward sections of the society participate. These people have no voice in the routine working of democracy. Hence, their grievances and voices have some say through these movements.

(iii) What is the relationship between the movements and the democratic institutions?
Answer:
The democratic institutions and the movements have a deep relationship. The movements are also about making people aware of their rights and the expectations that they have from democratic institutions. Social movements, thus, contributed to the expansion of democracy rather than causing disruption.

Question 14.
Describe the external and internal disputes responsible for making the politics of Jammu and Kashmir continuously controversial. (C.B.S.E. 2017)
Or
Analyze any three main causes of unrest in Jammu and Kashmir? (C.B.S.E. 2019)
Answer:
The politics of Jammu and Kashmir always remained controversial and conflict-ridden both for external and internal reasons. The problem of Jammu – Kashmir poses inter-linked national security. Pakistan claims Jammu and Kashmir based on its majority Muslim population, whereas China claims the Shaksam valley and Aksai Chin, externally, the Kashmir conflict is a territorial conflict primarily between India and Pakistan, having started just after the partition of India in 1947, China has at times played a minor role. India and Pakistan have fought three wars over Kashmir including the Indo-Pakistan wars of 1947 and 1965 as well as the Kargil war of 1999.

Internally, there is a dispute about the status of Kashmir within the Indian Union. Kashmir was given a special status by article 370, which gives greater autonomy to Jammu Kashmir compared to other states of India. According to this article, the state has its own constitution, all provisions of the Indian Constitution are not applicable to the state and even the laws passed by the parliament, apply to Jammu and Kashmir, only if the state agrees.

This special status has provoked two reactions. One section outside of Jammu-Kashmir feels that Article 370 should be revoked. Whereas a section of Kashmiris demand that special federal status guaranteed by Article 370, has not been given in practice, thirdly, the people of the state demand for a ‘free and fair’ plebiscite to allow the Kashmiri people to decide their future.

On 5-6 August 2019, Article 370 was abrogated from Indian Constitution, Ladhakh separated from J&K. Both J&K and Ladakh become Union Territories. Therefore now in India, there are 28 states and 9 Union Territories.

Question 15.
In the given political outline map of India, five states have been marked as (§), ©, ® and (E). Identify these states on the basis of the information given below and write their correct names in your answer book along with their respective serial number of the information used and the concerned alphabets as per the following format. (C.B.S.E. Sample Paper 2018)

Political Science Class 12 Important Questions Chapter 8 Regional Aspirations im-2
(i) A state where the Chipko movement was carried out.
(ii) A state that was carved out of Assam in 1972.
(iii) A northeastern state that is suffering from the separatist movement
(iv) The latest state of Indian Union.
(v) A state where an organization of Dalit panthers was formed.
Answer:

Corresponding numbers              Answer Corresponding Alphabets
(i) Uttarakhand B
(ii) Meghalaya E
(iii) Nagaland C
(iv) Telangana D
(v) Maharashtra A

Note: The following questions are for the Visually impaired children in lieu of the above question
(i) State which was the protectorate of India but became 22nd state of Indian Union.
Answer:
Sikkim

(ii) In which year Goa became a state of the Indian Union.
Answer:
1987

(iii) State where the Chipko Movement began.
Answer:
Uttarakhand

(iv) State where the operation Blue Star was launched.
Answer:
Punjab

(v) A state associated with the formation of DK, DMK, and AIADMK
Answer:
Tamil Nadu

Question 16.
“Jammu and Kashmir are one of the living examples of Plural society and politics.”Justify the statement with any three suitable arguments (C.B.S.E. 2018)
Answer:
No doubt, Jammu and Kashmir are living examples of a plural society. Jammu and Kashmir has three social and political regions

  1. Jammu
  2. Kashmir
  3. Ladakh.

Kashmir: Kashmir valley is the heart of the Kashmir region. The majority of the people are Muslims and Kashmiri speaking. Hindus are in minority.

Jammu: Jammu region is a mixture of foot-hills and plans. It is having people of Hindu Muslims and Sikh community and they speak various languages.

Ladakh: It is a mountainous region having very little population equally divided between Buddhists and Muslims.

On 5-6 August 2019, Article 370 was abrogated from Indian Constitution, Ladhakh separated from J&K. Both J&K and Ladakh become Union Territories. Therefore now in India, there are 28 states and 9 Union Territories.

Question 17.
In the given political outline map of India, five states have been marked as A, B, C, D, and E. Identify these states on the basis of the information given below and write their correct names in your answer book along with their respective serial number of the information used and the concerned alphabets as per the following format. (C.B.S.E. Sample Q.P. 2017)

Political Science Class 12 Important Questions Chapter 8 Regional Aspirations im-3
(i) State which was the protectorate of India but become 22nd state of the Indian union
(ii) State which is related with article 370 of Indian constitution
(iii) State where the Chipko Movement began
(iv) State where The Operation Blue Star was launched (u) State which is highly affected the Naxalites
Answer:

S. No. of the in formation used Alphabet Concerned Name of the State
(i) State which was the Protectorate of India but became 22nd state of Indian Union E Sikkim
(ii) State which is related with article 370 of Indian Constitution A Jammu and Kashmir
(iii) State were the Chipko movement began C Uttarakhand
(iv) State where the operation and Blue Star was launched D Punjab
(v) State which is highly affected the Naxalites B Bengal

Question 18.
Highlight any three provisions of Article 370 which provide special status to the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Also, examine the two opposite reactions provoked by this status among the people. (C.B.S.E. 2019)
Answer:
Following are the three provisions of Article 370:

  1. Jammu and Kashmir are given a special status by Article 370.
  2. Jammu and Kashmir have their own constitution.
  3. All provisions of the Indian constitution are not applicable to the state.

Following two opposite reactions provoked by this status:

  1. Article 370 does not allow full integration of the state with India.
  2. This class feels that Article 370 should be revoked.

On 5-6 August 2019, Article 370 was abrogated from the Indian Constitution Ladhakh separated from J&K. Both J&K and Ladakh become Union Territories. Therefore now in India, there are 28 states and 9 Union Territories.

Question 19.
In the given political outline map of India, (on page 16), five States have been marked as A, B, C, D, and E. Identify these states on the basis of the information given below and write their correct names in your answer-book along with the respective serial number of the information used and the concerned alphabet as per the following format. (C.B.S.E. 2019)

Political Science Class 12 Important Questions Chapter 8 Regional Aspirations im-4
(i) The State where the Congress Party was not in power from 1957-59.
(ii) The State where Bharatiya Kisan Union was a prominent organization of farmers.
(iii) The State where the Naxalite movement started.
(iv) The youngest State of India.
(v) The State where the Dalit Panthers were active.
Answer:

Sr. No. of the information used Concerned Alphabet Name of the State
(i) D Kerala
(ii) A Uttar Pradesh
(ii) E West Bengal
(iv) B Telangana
(v) C Maharashtra

Note: The following questions are for the Visually Impaired Candidates only, in lieu of Question No 19.
1. Name the State where the congress party was no in power from 1957-59.
Answer:
Kerala

2. Bharatiya Kisan Union was a prominent organization of farmers in which State?
Answer:
Uttar Pradesh

3. In which the State of India did the Naxalite Movement start?
Answer:
West Bengal

4. Which is the youngest State of India?
Answer:
Telangana

5. In which the State of India was the Dalit Panthers active.
Answer:
Maharashtra.

Question 20.
In the political outline map of India given above, five states have been marked as @), (§), ©, (§) and ®. Identify these states on the basis of the information given below and write their correct names in your answer-book along with the respective serial number of the information used and the concerned alphabet in the map as per the following format. (C.B.S.E. 2019)

Political Science Class 12 Important Questions Chapter 8 Regional Aspirations im-5
(i) The state where a violent incident took place at Godhara in 2002.
(ii) The state which was earlier known as Madras.
(iii) The state which has the maximum number of seats in India in its Legislative Assembly.
(iv) The state to which Laldenga belonged.
(v) The state which integrated with India in 1975 as the 22nd State of India.
Answer:

Sr. No. of the information used Concerned Alphabet in the Map Name of the State
(i) C Gujarat
(ii) E Tamilnadu
(iii) D Uttar Pradesh
(iv) A Mizoram
(v) B Sikkim

Note: The following questions are for the Visually Impaired Candidates only in lieu of the above question
1. Name the State where a violent incident took place in 2002 at Godhara.
Answer:
Gujarat

2. Which state was earlier known as Madras?
Answer:
Tamilnadu

3. Which state integrated with India in 1975 as the 22nd state?
Answer:
Sikkim

4. To which state did Laldenga belong?
Answer:
Mizoram

5. Name the state which has the maximum number of seats in India in its Legislative Assembly.
Answer:
Uttar Pradesh.

Regional Aspirations Important Extra Questions HOTS

Question 1.
What do you understand by ‘Regionalism’?
Answer:
Regionalism means the feeling and attachment of the people to a smaller part of a region of the country where they reside. According to Dr. D.C. Gupta, “Regionalism meant love of a particular region in preference to the country.”

Question 2.
How Regionalism has affected Indian politics?
Answer:

  1. Regionalism has enormously affected Indian politics and is confronting the country as a cardinal complicated problem. Regionalism has been quite dominant in the Indian system since 1950.
  2. The political parties strengthen their stand by sticking to regionalism.

Question 3.
Write two causes of the origin of regionalism.
Answer:

  1. Language. Norman D. Palmer opines that problems of regionalism are connected with language. India is a multi-lingual country and people speaking various languages initiated intense movements for separate states.
  2. Religious Causes. Religion, at times, heightens regionalism. The Akalis’ demand for Punjabi Suba was largely the result of religious influence.

Question 4.
How the problem of regionalism can be solved?
Answer:
The solution to the problem of regionalism does not lie in the formation of small states, but it depends upon the economic development of backward areas, elimination of corruption, and working for the welfare of people. The problem of regionalism should be solved by giving a patient hearing to the problems of people whose regions are economically backward.

Question 5.
What do you know about E.V. Ramaswami Naicker?
Answer:
E.V. Ramaswami Naicker is also known as Periyar was a strong supporter of atheism. He was against the caste system and led the anti-caste struggle. He was a great supporter of the independent entity of Dravid.
He led the anti-Brahmin movement and was a founder of Dravid Kazhagam. He opposed the use of Hindi as a compulsory language.

Question 6.
What was the problem of Goa?
Answer:
Goa was a colony of the Portuguese and the Portuguese suppressed the people of Goa during
their rule. The people of Goa were denied civil rights. There was a strong popular movement within Goa for freedom. In December 1961 the Government of India sent the army which liberated these territories. Goa, Diu and Daman became Union Territory.