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CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Chemistry Paper 1 are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Chemistry. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Chemistry Paper 1.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Chemistry Paper 1

Board	CBSE
Class	XII
Subject	Chemistry
Sample Paper Set	Paper 1
Category	CBSE Sample Papers

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 12 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme as prescribed by the CBSE is given here. Paper 1 of Solved CBSE Sample Paper for Class 12 Chemistry is given below with free PDF download solutions.

Time Allowed : 3 Hours
Max. Marks : 70

General Instructions

• All questions are compulsory.
• Question number 1 to 5 are very short answer questions and carry 1 mark each.
• Question number 6 to 10 are short answer questions and carry 2 marks each.
• Question number 11 to 22 are also short answer questions and carry 3 marks each.
• Question number 23 is a value based question and carry 4 marks.
• Question number 24 to 26 are long answer questions and carry 5 marks each.
• Use log table, if necessary. Use of calculators is not allowed.

Questions 

Question 1.
Why are aquatic species more comfortable in cold water as compared to warm water?

Question 2.
Write IUPAC name of

Question 3.
Which of the following complex is more stable, write its IUPAC name:
[CO(NH₃)₆]³⁺ or [Co(CO)₆]³⁺

Question 4.
Name the method used for the refining of Zirconium metal.

Question 5.
How are deltas formed?

Question 6.
Write two differences between Covalent and Molecular solids.

Question 7.
Calculate ΔG° for the following cell at 298 K.

Question 8.
An element with density 5.6 g cm 3 exists in bcc lattice with edge length 400 pm. Calculate atomic mass of this element.

Question 9.
Draw the structure of following molecules :
(a) IF^–₄
(b) XeF₆

Question 10.
Calculate mass of glucose (molar mass 180 g/mol) to be diluted in 60 g of H₂O to lower the freezing point of its solution by 0.93 K (K_f for H₂O is 1.86 K kg mol^-1)

Question 11.
(a) Which solution is used for the leaching of gold metal in the presence of air in the metallurgy of gold?
(b) Out of C and CO, which is better reducing agent at lower temperature for extraction of iron from its oxide ore.
(c) Write the principle involved in zone refining.

Question 12.
Complete the following reactions:

1. XeF₂ + PF5 →
2. H₃PO₃ \(\underrightarrow { Heat } \)
3. ClO^–₃ + Cl \(\underrightarrow { { H }^{ + } } \)

Question 13.
(a) Chlorobenzene is less soluble in water as compared to chloroethane. Explain.
(b) Which will show faster S_N1 reaction and why?

(c) Which of the following will be optically active: 2-chlorobutane or 1-chlorobutane?

Question 14.
Explain the mechanism of the following reactions :
(a) C₂H₅OH \(\xrightarrow [ { Conc.H }_{ 2 }{ SO }_{ 4 } ]{ { 170 }^{ 0 }C } \) CH₂ = CH₂
(b) CH₃ – OH \(\xrightarrow [ { H }^{ + } ]{ 413K } \) CH₃ – O – CH₃

Question 15.
(a) Distinguish between lyophilic and lyophobic colloids.
(b) Name the absorbent used for controlling of humidity in operation theatres.

Question 16.
(a) Define the limiting molar conductivity.
(b) State Kohlrausch’s law.
(a) Define corrosion.

Question 17.

1. State Henry’s law.
2. Define azeotropes. What type of azeotropes is formed by positive deviation from Raoult’s law? Give an example.

Question 18.
How would you account for the following?

1. Transition metal exhibits variable oxidation state.
2. Zr(Z = 40) and Hf(Z = 72) have almost identical radii.
3. Transition metals and their compounds act as complexing agents.

OR
Complete the following chemical equations:

1. Cr₂O^2-₇ + Fe²⁺ + H⁺ →
2. CrO^2-₄ + H⁺ →
3. MnO^–₄ + I^– + H₂O →

Question 19.

1. What type of isomerism is exhibited by the complex [Pt(NH₃)₆] [NiCl₆]?
2. Write the formula for potassium hexacyanoferrate (II).
3. Write electronic arrangement of [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺ and discuss its geometry and magnetic behaviour.

Question 20.
Give reason for the following:

1. (CH₃)₃ P = O exists but (CH₃)₃ N = O does not.
2. Phosphorus has more negative electron gain enthalpy than nitrogen.
3. H₂Se is more acidic than H₂O.

Question 21.
Give the structure of A, B and C in the following reactions:

Question 22.
Write the name and structure of the monomers of the following polymers
(a) Buna-N
(b) Nylon-2, 6
(c) PVC

Question 23.
Read the following passage and answer the questions that follows:
Shivani has recently started facing difficulty in visualising in dark. Prema, her best friend wonders why Shivani cannot see properly in the dark, on observation she found that Shivani often carries junk foods in her lunch. Prema has started sharing her lunch full of green vegetables like carrots, tomatoes, coloured fruits, milk and other dairy products. Shivani is now better and has also started taking a balanced diet.

1. Name the disease Shivani is suffering from.
2. Name the Vitamin and its source to cure this disease.
3. What values are shown by Prema?

Question 24.
Account for the following:
(a) pK_b of aniline is more than that of methylamine.
(b) Methylamine in water reacts with FeCl₃ from hydrated ferric oxide.
(c) Why do primary amines have higher boiling point than tertiary amines?
(d) Complete the following equations:
(i) C₆H₅N₂Cl + C₂H₅OH →
(ii) C₆H₅NH₂ + (CH₃CO)₂O →
OR
(a) Give one chemical test to distinguish between:
(i) Methylamine and dimethylamine
(ii) Aniline and Benzyl amine

(b) How will you convert:
(i) Ethanoic acid to Methanamine
(ii) Aniline to p-bromoaniline
(c) Arrange according to increasing basic strength C₆H₅NH₂, C₆H₅N(CH₃)₂, (C₂H₅)₂NH, CH₃NH₂

Question 25.
(a) The rate constant for a first order reaction is 60 s-1. How much time will it take to reduce the initial concentration of the reactant to its l/16th value?
(b) Differentiate between order and molecularity of reaction.
(c) Write unit of rate constant (K) for
(i) First order reaction
(ii) 2nd order reaction
OR

1. The rate of a reaction quadruples when the temperature changes from 290 K to 310 K, calculate the activation energy for this reaction.
2. A reaction is first order wrt. P and wrt. 2nd order wrt. Q, write the differential rate equation for it.
3. Write factors (any two) that affects the rate of a chemical reaction.
4. Define specific rate constant.

Question 26.

1. Phenol is more acidic than cyclohexanol. How?
2. Which is steam volatile, 2-nitrophenol or 4-nitrophenol and why?
3. Explain following name reactions with a suitable chemical reaction.
   1. Sandmeyer’s reaction
   2. Cannizaro’s reaction

OR
(a) Write the reaction of glucose with HI.
(b) Name the force responsible for stabilisation of secondary structure of protein.
(c) Arrange according to the given instructions in increasing order:
(i) Phenol, Methoxyphenol, 2,4-Dinitrophenol (acidic strength)

Answers

Answer 1.
In cold water the concentration of dissolved oxygen gas is more and hence respiration for aquatic species will be easier so it will be comfortable as compared to warm water.

Answer 2.
2-methyl pent-4-enal

Answer 3.
[Co(CO)₆]³⁺ complex is more stable. It is due to synergic bonding between metal and carbonyl group.
IUPAC name → Hexacarbonyl cobalt (III) ion.

Answer 4.
van Arkel method

Answer 5.
Coagulation of silt present in river water due to electrolytes present in sea water leads to formation of delta.

Answer 6.

Covalent solid	Molecular solid
(i) High melting point	(i) Low melting point
(ii) Hard in nature	(ii) Soft in nature

Answer 7.

= 0.34 – (- 2.37) = 2.71 V
Here change in number of electrons (n) = 2
ΔG° = – nFE_cell° = – 2 × 96500 × 2.71 = – 523.03 kJ/mole

Answer 8.
Since d = \(\frac { ZM }{ { a }^{ 3 }{ N }_{ A } } \)
From question → bcc arrangement i.e. Z = 2
a = 400 pm = 400 × 10^-10 cm = 4 × 10^-8 cm
d = 5.6 g/cm³

Answer 9.

Answer 10.

i.e. 54 g glucose needs to be added.

Answer 11.

1. Aqueous solution of NaCN or KCN is used for leaching.
2. CO at lower temperature is a better reducing agent than C for the extraction of iron from its oxide ore.
3. Impurities are more soluble in molten metal as compared to its solid state.

Answer 12.

1. XeF₂ + PF₅ → [XeF]⁺ [PF₆]^–
2. H₃PO₃ \(\underrightarrow { Heat } \) PH₃ + H₃PO₄
3. ClO^–₃ + Cl^– \(\underrightarrow { { H }^{ + } } \) Cl₂ + H₂O

Answer 13.
(a) Phenyl group is more hydrophobic as compared to smaller ethyl group, hence chloroethane is more soluble than chlorobenzene.

Due to more stable carbocation formation which is there because of more number of resonance structures.
(c) 2-chlorobutane.

Answer 14.
(a) H₂SO₄ + H₂O → H₃O⁺ + HSO^–₄

Answer 15.
(a)

Lyophilic colloids	Lyophobic colloids
(i) Strong forces of attraction between dispersed phase and dispersion medium.	(i) Weak forces of attraction between dispersed phase and dispersion medium.
(ii) Reversible sol once separated can be reformed.	(ii) Irreversible sols once separated cannot be reformed.
(iii) These are stable in nature.	(iii) These are unstable and can be easily precipitate.
(iv) Prepared directly on mixing dispersed phase particles with dispersion medium. For example, gum, starch, etc.	(iv) Special methods are required for preparation. For example, metal sulphides.

(b) Silica gel

Answer 16.

1. Limiting molar conductivity : The value of molar conductivity when the concentration of electrolytes approaches zero is known as limiting molar conductivity or molar conductivity at infinite dilution. It is the maximum possible molar conductivity for any electrolyte. Represented by Δ°_m.
2. Kohlrausch’s law : It states that the limiting molar conductivity of on electrolyte is the sum of the individual contribution of the anion and cation of the electrolyte, e.g.
   Δ°_m(CH₃COOH) = λ°_CH3COO^– + λ^°_H+
3. Corrosion : The tarnishing of upper layer of any active metal due to environmental factors such as water vapours, CO₂, O₂, etc. in known as corrosion.
   For example-rusting of iron, blackening of silver, deposition of greenish layer on copper etc.

Answer 17.

(a) Henry’s law : It states that the partial pressure (p) of a gas in vapour phase is proportional to the mol fraction of the gas (x) in the solution. It is expressed as
p = k_Hx
where kH is known as Henry’s law constant and x is mol fraction.

(b) Azeotropes : It is a binary mixture, having same composition in liquid state as well as in vapour phase and boils at constant temperature like a pure liquid. If there is positive deviation, then minimum boiling azeotrope will form. In case of negative deviations, maximum boiling azeotrope will form.
Examples 95.5% Ethanol and 4.5% H₂O by volume.

Answer 18.

1. Transition metals exhibits variable oxidation state due to comparable energies of (n – 1)d and ns orbitals, so electrons from both can form bond.
2. Due to lanthanoid contraction.
3. Transition metals acts as complexing agent due to vacant d-orbitals and high charge density on metal ion.

OR

1. Cr₂O^2-₇ + 6Fe²⁺ + 14H⁺ → 2Cr³⁺ + 6Fe³⁺ + 7H₂O
2. CrO^2-₄ + H⁺ → Cr₂O^2-₇
3. 2MnO^–₄ + 10 I^– + 8H₂O → 2Mn²⁺ + 5I₂ + 16 OH^–

Answer 19.

1. Co-ordination isomerism is exhibited by the complex [Pt(NH₃)₆] [NiCl₆]
2. K₄[Fe(CN)₆]
3. Electronic arrangement for [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺ according to VBT.
   Co → 3d⁷4s²
   Co³⁺ → 3d⁶4s⁰
   

Answer 20.

1. Due to lack of d-orbital in N, dπ-pπ bonding in not possible, hence formation of (CH₃)₃ N = O is not possible.
2. Due to small size and high electron density in valence shell of N, its electron gain enthalpy is less than phosphorous.
3. Due to longer H-Se bond than H-O bond H₂Se is more acidic.

Answer 21.

Answer 22.

Answer 23.

1. Night blindness
2. Vitamin-A, Source – Carrot, cod liver oil, butter, milk etc.
3. Care for friend, knowledge of science, sincerity in her effort.

Answer 24.
(a) Aniline is a weaker base than methylamine due to positive charge on nitrogen, which is there because of resonance. Hence its pK_b value is more than methylamine.
(b) Methyl amine gives OH- ions in water, hence FeCl₃ get hydrolysed to give hydrated ferric oxide.

(c) There is intermolecular hydrogen bonding in primary amines, which is not possible in tertiary amines. Hence primary amines have higher boiling point.

OR
(a) (i) 

Reagent	Aniline	Benxylamine
CHCl3 + KOH Heat	Offensive Smell appears	No reaction

(ii)

Reagent	Aniline	Benxylamine
Br water	White ppt forms	No ppt
NaNO2 + HCl, 00 – 50 C Add phenol	Orange-red dye form	No such dye formation

(b) (i) Ethanoic acid to methanamine

(ii) Aniline to p-bromo aniline

(c) C₆H₅NH₂ < C₆H₅N(CH₃)₂ < CH₃NH₂ < (C₂H₅)₂NH

Answer 25.

(b) Difference between order and molecularity:

Order	Molecularity
1. It is experimentally determined with help of rate law equation.	1. It is calculated from balanced chemical reaction or law of mass action equation.
2. It may be positive, negative, zero or fraction.	2. It is always a positive whole number only and cannot be zero or fractional.
3. Applicable for all type of reactions i.e., elementary as well as complex reactions.	3. Applicable only for elementary reactions.

(c) (i) Second^-1
(ii) mol^-1 L s^-1
OR

1. from Arrhenius equation
   
2. rate = K[P]¹ [Q]²
3. Concentration, pressure, temperature, catalyst
4. It is the rate of reaction when concentration of all the reactants is unity.

Answer 26.

1. Since phenoxide ion is resonance stablised, hence phenol is more acidic than cyclohexanol.
2. 2-nitrophenol is steam volatile due to intramolecular hydrogen bonding whereas 4-nitrophenol undergoes intermolecular hydrogen bonding and thus connected to each other to become less volatile.
3. 1. Sandmeyer’s reaction
      
   2. Cannizaro’s reaction
      HCHO \(\underrightarrow { NaOH(Conc.) } \) CH₃OH + HCOONa

OR

(b) Intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonding, coloumbic interactions, disulphide
linkage etc.
(c) (i) Methoxy phenol < phenol < 2,4-dinitrophenol

We hope the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Chemistry Paper 1 help you. If you have any query regarding CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Chemistry Paper 1, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 English Core Paper 2 are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 English Core. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 English Core Paper 2.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 English Core Paper 2

Board	CBSE
Class	XII
Subject	English Core
Sample Paper Set	Paper 2
Category	CBSE Sample Papers

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 12 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme as prescribed by the CBSE is given here. Paper 2 of Solved CBSE Sample Paper for Class 12 Englsih Core is given below with free PDF download solutions.

Time Allowed: 3 hours
Maximum Marks: 100

General Instructions

• This paper is divided into three sections: A, B and C. All the sections are compulsory.
• Separate instructions are given with each section and question, wherever necessary. Read these instructions very carefully and follow them faithfully.
• Do not exceed the prescribed Word limit while answering the questions.

SECTION A
READING (30 MARKS)

Question 1.
Read the following passage carefully. (12 Marks)

1. Maharana Pratap ruled over Mewar only for 25 years. However, he accomplished so much grandeur during his reign that his glory surpassed the boundaries of countries and time turning him into an immortal personality. He along with his kingdom became a synonym for valour, sacrifice and patriotism. Mewar had been a leading Rajput kingdom even before Maharana Pratap occupied the throne. Kings of Mewar, with the cooperation of their nobles and subjects, had established such traditions in the kingdom, as augmented their magnificence despite the hurdles of having a smaller area under their command and less population. There did come a few thorny occasions when the flag of the kingdom seemed sliding down. Their flag once again heaved high in the sky thanks to the gallantry and brilliance of the people of Mewar.

2. The destiny of Mewar was good in the sense that barring a few kings, most of the rulers were competent and patriotic. This glorious tradition of the kingdom almost continued for 1500 years since its establishment, right from the reign of Bappa Rawal. In fact only 60 years before Maharana Pratap, Rana Sanga drove the kingdom to the pinnacle of fame. His reputation went beyond Rajasthan and reached Delhi. Two generations before him, Rana Kumbha had given a new stature to the kingdom through victories and developmental work. During his reign, literature and art also progressed extraordinarily. Rana himself was inclined towards writing and his works are read with reverence even today. The ambience of his kingdom was conducive to the creation of high quality work of art and literature. These accomplishments were the outcome of a long standing tradition sustained by several generations.

3. The life of the people of Mewar must have been peaceful and prosperous during the long span of time; otherwise such extraordinary accomplishment in these fields would not have been possible. This is reflected in their art and literature as well as their loving nature. They compensate for lack of admirable physique by their firm but pleasant nature. The ambience of Mewar remains lovely thanks to the cheerful and liberal character of its people.

4. One niay observe astonishing pieces of workmanship not only in the forts and palaces of Mewar but also in public utility buildings. Ruins of many structures which are still standing tall in their grandeur are testimony to the fact that Mewar was not only the land of the brave but also a seat of art and culture. Amidst aggression and bloodshed, literature and art flourished and creative pursuits of literature and artists did not suffer. Imagine, how glorious the period must have been when the Vijaya Stambha which is the sample of our great ancient architecture even today, was constructed. In the same fort, Kirti Stambha is standing high, reflecting how liberal the then administration was which allowed people from other communities and kingdoms to come and carry out construction work. It is useless to indulge in the debate whether the Vijaya Stambha was constructed first or the Kirti Stambha. The fact is that both the capitals are standing side by side and reveal the proximity between the king and \ the subjects of Mewar.

5. The cycle of time does not remain the same. Whereas the reign of Rana Sanga was crucial in raising the kingdom to the acme of glory, it also proved to be his nemesis. 1“ History took a turn. The fortune of Mewar—the land of the brave, started waning. Rana tried to save the day with his acumen which was running against the stream and the glorious traditions for sometime. (Delhi, All India, Foreign 2016)

I. On the basis of your understanding of the passage, answer the following questions by choosing the most appropriate option. (1 × 4 = 4 Marks)

(a) Maharana Pratap became immortal because:

1. he ruled Mewar for 25 years.
2. he added a lot of grandeur to Mewar.
3. of his valour, sacrifice and patriotism.
4. both (ii) and (Hi).

(b) Difficulties in the way of Mewar were:

1. lack of cooperation of the nobility,
2. ancient traditions of the kingdom.
3. its small area and small population.
4. the poverty of the subjects.

(c) During thorny occasions:

1. the flag of Mewar seemed to be lowered.
2. the flag of Mewar was hoisted high.
3. the people of Mewar showed gallantry.
4. most of the rulers heaved a sigh of relief.

(d) Mewar was lucky because:

1. all of its rulers were competent.
2. most of its people were competent.
3. most of its rulers were competent.
4. only a few of its people were incompetent.

II. Answer the following questions as briefly as possible. (1 × 6 = 6 Marks)

(e) Who is the earliest king of Mewar mentioned in the passage?
(f) What was Rana Kumbha’s contribution to the glory of Mewar?
(g) What does the writer find worth admiration in the people of Mewar?
(h) How could art and literature flourish in Mewar?
(i) How did the rulers show that they cared for their subjects?
(j) What does the erection of Vijaya Stambha and Kirti Stambha in the same fort signify?

III. Find words from the passage which mean the same as: (1 × 2 = 2 Marks)

(a) surprising (para 4)
(b) evidence (para 4)

Question 2.
Read the following passage carefully. (10 Marks)

1. To ensure its perpetuity, the ground is well held by the panther both in space and in time. It enjoys a much wider distribution over the globe than its bigger cousins, and procreates sufficiently profusely to ensure its continuity for all time to come.

2. There seems to be no particular breeding season of the panther, although its sawing and caterwauling is more frequently heard during winter and summer. The gestation period is about ninety to hundred days (Whipsnade, ninety-two days). The litter normally consists of four cubs, rarely five. Of these, generally two survive and not more than one reaches maturity. I have never come across more than two cubs at.the heels of the mother. Likewise, graziers in the forest have generally found only two cubs hidden away among rocks, hollows of trees, and other impossible places.

3. Panther cubs are generally in evidence in March. They are born blind. This is a provision of Nature against their drifting away from the place of safety in which they are lodged by their mother, and exposing themselves to the danger of their being devoured by hyenas, jackals and other predators. They generally open their eyes in about three to four weeks.

4. The mother alone rears its cubs in seclusion. It keeps them out of the reach of the impulsive and impatient male. As a matter of fact the mother separates from the male soon after mating and forgets all about their tumultuous union. The story that the male often looks in to find out how the mother is progressing with her cubs has no foundation except in what we wish it should do at least.

5. The mother carries its cubs about by holding them by the scruff of their neck in its mouth. It trains them to stalk, and teaches them how to deliver the bite of death to the prey. The cubs learn to treat all and sundry with suspicion at their mother’s heels. Instinctively the cubs seek seclusion, keep to cover and protect their flanks by walking along the edge of the forest.

6. I have never had an opportunity to watch mother panther train its cubs. But in Pilibhit forests, I once saw a tigress giving some lessons to its little ones. I was sitting over its kill at Mala. As the sun set, the tigress materialised in the twilight behind my machan. For about an hour, it scanned and surveyed the entire area looking and listening with the gravest concern. It even went to the road where my elephant was awaiting my signal. The mahout spotted it from a distance and drove the elephant away.

7. When darkness descended upon the scene and all was well and safe, the tigress called its cubs by emitting a low haa-oon. The cubs, two in number and bigger than a full-grown cat, soon responded. They came trotting up to their mother and hurried straight to the kill in indecent haste. The mother spitted at them so furiously that they doubled back to its heels immediately. Thereafter, the mother and its cubs sat under cover about 50 feet (15 m) away from the kill to watch, wait, look, and listen. After about half an hour’s patient and fidgetless vigil the mother seemed to say ‘paid for’. At this signal, the cubs cautiously advanced, covering their flanks, towards the kill. No longer did they make a beeline for it, as they had done before.

8. The mother sat watching its cubs eat, and mounted guard on them. She did not partake of the meal. (Delhi, All India, Foreign, 2016)

I. On the basis of your understanding of the passage, answer the following questions by choosing the most appropriate option. (1 × 2 = 2 Marks)

(a) To protect its cubs the mother panther hides them :

1. among rocks
2. in the branches of the trees
3. behind the tree trunks
4. at its heels

(b) The male panther :

1. is protective of its cubs
2. trains its cubs
3. watches the progress of the mother
4. is impulsive and impatient

II. Answer the following questions as briefly as possible. (1 × 6 = 6 Marks)

(c) How many cubs does the mother panther rarely deliver?
(d) What may happen if the panther cubs are not born blind?
(e) Why did the mahout drive his elephant away?
(f) Why did the tigress spit at its cubs?
(g) From the narrator’s observation, what do we learn about the nature of the tigress?
(h) Why does the panther not face the risk of extinction?

III. Find words from the passage which are similar in meaning to the following. (1 × 2 = 2 Marks)

(a) moving aimlessly (para 3)
(b) came down / fell (para 7)

Question 3.
Read the following passage carefully. (8 Marks)

People tend to amass possessions, sometimes without being aware of doing so. They can have a delightful surprise when they find something useful which they did not know they owned. Those who never have to change house become indiscriminate collectors of what , can only be described as clutter. They leave unwanted objects in drawers, cupboards and attics for years in the belief that they may one day need them. Old people also accumulate belongings for two other reasons, lack of physical and mental energy, and sentiment. Things owned for a long time are full of associations with the past, perhaps with the relatives who are dead, and so they gradually acquire a sentimental value.

Some things are collected deliberately in an attempt to avoid wastage. Among these are string and brown paper, kept by thrifty people when a parcel has been opened. Collecting small items can be a mania. A lady cuts out from newspapers sketches of model clothes that she would like to buy if she had money. As she is not rich, the chances are that she will never be able to afford such purchases. It is a harmless habit, but it litters up her desk. Collecting as a serious hobby is quite different and has many advantages. It provides relaxation for leisure hours, as just looking at one’s treasure is always a joy. One doesn’t have to go out for amusement as the collection is housed at home. Whatever it consists of – stamps, records, first editions of books, china – there is always something to do in connection with it, from finding the right place for the latest addition to verifying facts in reference books. This hobby educates one not only in the chosen subject, but also in general matters which have some bearing on it.

There are other benefits also. One gets to meet like-minded collectors to get advice, compare notes, exchange articles, to show off one’s latest find. So one’s circle of friends grows. Soon the hobby leads to travelling, perhaps a meeting in another town, possibly a trip abroad in search of a rare specimen, for collectors are not confined to one country. Over the years one may well become an authority on one’s hobby and will probably be asked to give informal talks to little gatherings and then, if successful, to larger audiences. [Delhi, All India, Foreign 2016]

A. On the basis of your reading of the above passage make notes on it, using headings and sub-headings. Use recognizable abbreviations (wherever necessary—minimum four) and a format you consider suitable. Also supply an appropriate title to it. (5 Marks)
B. Write a summary of the passage in about 80 words. (3 Marks)

SECTION B
ADVANCE WRITING SKILLS (30 MARKS)

Question 4.
Draft an advertisement in about 50 words for a leading practising lawyer Karan Kumar who wishes to buy an independent house of about 1000 square feet at City Light Road to be used as an office- cum-residence. It should be located in a posh area with excellent facilities. Uninterrupted water & electricity. Nearby market must. His mobile No. is 45645678. (4 Marks)
OR
You have planned to organize a summer camp for the children of age group 10¬13 years for developing their creative skills in art—craft, clay modeling, music etc. in your school during the month of May. Draft a notice in not more than 50 words for your notice-board giving details. Mention the last date of registration of the students/ you are Reena/Roshan, Secretary Art and Craft Club, B.V. Public School, Chandigarh.

Question 5.
Your school, KKR Senior Secondary School, is situated in the heart of the city of Mangalore. Many stray animals roam on the school road causing traffic jams as well as accidents. Write a letter to the editor of The Indian Express drawing attention of the municipal authorities to this nuisance. Sign as Rukmani/Rakesh, Head Girl/Head Boy. (Word limit 120-150) (6 Marks)
OR
You are Saurabh/Shweta, 15, Shashigardens, Ghaziabad. Read the advertisement given below and write a letter to the advertiser, applying for the job. Also give your detailed resume which you would send along with your letter of application.

Question 6.
You are Ram/Devi. You recently attended a health camp on yoga. Write an article on the benefits of Yoga for holistic health and the need to practice daily. (Word limit 150-200) (10 Marks)
OR
Write a speech in 150-200 words on the topic ‘Discipline shapes the future of student’. It is to be delivered in the morning assembly. You are Karuna/Karan. (All India 2016)

Question 7.
You witnessed a street fight between a landlord and his tenant and felt bad about their uncouth behavior in a public place. Write a speech to be given in the school assembly, bringing out the need for good manners and polite behavior especially in public places. You are Lalita/Lalit. (Word Limit: 150-200) (10 Marks)
OR
You are Venu/Fatima of Sapphire International School, Delhi. Your school recently organised winter carnival which featured the famous band Rock On. Write a report on the event in150-200 words.

SECTION C
TEXTBOOKS AND EXTENDED READING TEXT (40 MARKS)

Question 8.
Read the following extract carefully and answer the questions that follow: (1 × 4 = 4 Marks)

Now we will count to twelve
and we will all keep still.
For once on the face of the Earth
let’s not speak in any language,
let’s stop for one second,
and not move our arms so much.

(а) What is the significance of the number ‘twelve’?
(b) Which two activities does the poet want us to stop?
(c) What does the poet mean by ‘let’s not speak in any language’?
(d) Describe the pun on the word, ‘arms’.

OR
…………. I saw my mother,
beside me,
doze, open mouthed, her face
ashen like that
of a cdrpse and realised with
pain ……….

(a) Who is “I”?
(b) What did ‘I’ realise with pain?
(c) Why was the realisation painful?
(d) Identify and name the figure of speech used in these lines.

Question 9.
Answer any four of the following questions in about 30-40 words each: (3 × 4 = 12 Marks)

(a) What does the reference to chappals in ‘Lost Spring’ tell us about the economic condition of the ragpickers? (All India 2016)
(b) What do we learn about the crofter’s nature from the story The Rattrap? (All India 2016)
(c) What is suggested by the ‘Massive weight of the uncle’s wedding band’?
(d) What does the poet want for the children of the slums? How can this change be affected?
(e) How did the dewan procure the hundredth tiger for the tiger king?
(f) How did the governor of Oxford Prison describe Evans to the secretary, examination board? (All India 2016)

Question 10.
Language is an essential part of one’s identity. How did M. Hamel and his students show their love for their language on the day of the last lesson? (6 Marks)
OR
“Sophie’s dreams and disappointments are all in her mind.” Do you agree? Why or Why not? (NCERT)

Question 11.
Both the units of ‘Memories of Childhood’ present autobiographical episodes from the lives of two women from ‘marginalised communities’. Describe the main issues raised as well as the common features highlighted in them. (6 Marks)
OR
Both Derry and Mr. Lamb are victims of physical impairments. Yet they are poles apart in their values and outlook to life. Comment. (Word limit 120 150)

Question 12.
How did Mrs. Hall show her excitement when Griffin came to stay at Coach and Horses Inn? ( Word Limit 120-150) [All India 2016] (6 marks)
OR
What are Godfrey’s arguments for adopting Eppie? (Word limit 120-150)

Question 13.
Marvel was a perfect choice to carry out Griffin’s objective. Comment. (Word limit 120-150) (6 Marks)
OR
Attempt a character sketch of Eppie. (Word limit 120-150) (All India 2016)

ANSWERS

Answer 1.
I. (a) (iv) both (ii) and (iii)
(b) (iii) its small area and small population
(c) (i) the flag of Mewar seemed to be lowered
(d) (iii) most of its rulers were competent

II. (e) Bappa Rawal is the earliest king of Mewar mentioned in the passage. His reign started around 1500 years ago.

(f) Rana Kumbha gave a new stature to the kingdon of Mewar. Literature and art flourished during his reign. He himself had penchant for writing. His works are read with reverence even today.

(g) The people of Mewar may be peaceful and prosperous. It is reflected in their art, literature and loving nature. The pleasant nature of people compensate for lack of their admirable physique.

(h) The enviroment of Mewar was conducive to the creation of high quality work of art and literature. They flourished amidst aggression and bloodshed.

(i) Besides the forts and palaces of Mewar, the surprising pieces of architecture are seen in the public utility buildings also. These structures are testimony to the fact that the rulers had care for their subjects.

(j) The erection of Vijaya Stambha and Kirti Stambha in the same fort signifies the proximity/close relationship between the king and the subjects of Mewar.

III.
(a) Astonishing (b) Testimony

Answer 2.
I. (a) – (i) among rocks (b) (iv) is impulsive and impatient

II. (c) The mother panther rarely delivers five cubs.
(d) If the panther cubs are not born blind, they may drift away from the place of safety. They may also be devoured by hyenas, jackals and the other predators.
(e) The tigress was keeping a vigil over her cubs. The mahout did not want to disturb her. Instead, he desired to assure her that there was no danger. So, he drove his elephant away.
(f) The tigress spat at its cubs to make them aware of dangers. She also wanted them to learn patience.
(g) The tigress is protective of her cubs. She raises them alone and does not allow the male to reach them. Also she trains them well.
(h) Panthers do not face the risk of extinction because they procreate quite profusely and are distributed much widely.

III. (a) Drifting away (b) Descended

Answer 3.
A. TITLE: The Habit of Collection

NOTES:

1. Sentimental value of collection

1. delightful purpose of collection
2. indiscriminate collectors
3. lack of physical and mental energy
4. association with past

2. Purpose of deliberate collection

1. avoidance of wastage
2. can be a mania
3. a harmless habit

3. Adv. of collection

1. relaxtn. for leisure hrs.
2. as verfiying facts in ref. books
3. source of educating people

4. Other benefits of collection

1. meeting of like minded collectors/people
2. source of travelling
3. as authority on one’s hobby

B. SUMMARY

Collection gives a delightful surprise to the people. The indiscriminate collectors only clutter their house. The people are sentimentally attached with the collections as they are closely linked with the past. But deliberate collection is merely a waste of time. The collection of small items bears no meaning as it can be said a mania. However, it can be treated as a harmless habit. On the other hand the habit of valuable collection is the source of relaxation. We get amusement at home. It also serves us as the source of knowledge. This hobby gives opportunity to meet like minded people also. We may apt for travelling to meet them in another town. We may become an authority on our hobby.

Answer 4.

Answer 5.

KKR Senior Secondary School
Kamal Enclave Mangalore
10th May, 20××
The Editor
The Indian Express
New Delhi

Sub: Nuisance Caused by Stray Animals Dear Sir,

Through the columns of your esteemed daily, I would like to express the difficulties caused by stray animals near our school. Ours is a newly developed school situated on the outskirts of the city.

Stray animals are a great threat to pedestrians and vehicle drivers regularly causing traffic jams and often accidents too. Only recently a cow drove its horns into a class nine student causing severe injuries in his abdomen. The dairy owners let loose their domestic animals to graze on the domestic waste and garbage. Many a time the life of many a student is endangered on account of accidents caused by these animals. Stray animals are ubiquitous in the street in front of our school. Often they sit on the road causing considerable inconvenience and danger to the passersby most of whom are students of our school.

Several complaints made to the authorities in the past year have been in vain.

You are requested to give some space to my letter in your prestigious newspaper so that it may reach the ears of the authorities. I hope that the authorities concerned would look into the matter and take immediate steps to solve the problems of the residents.

Thanking you
Yours truly
Rukmani Head Girl
KKR Senior Secondary School

OR

15, Shashi Gardens, Ghaziabad
Uttar Pradesh
19th Sept. 20××
Principal
Sapphire Senior Secondary School
Mira Enclave, Delhi

Sub: Application for the post of a librarian Dear Sir,

With reference to your advertisement in ‘The Times of India’ dated 7 th Sept. 20xx inviting applications for the position of a librarian, I hereby offer my candidature for the same.

As regards my qualifications and experience, I am enclosing my bio-data to enable you to make an assessment of my suitability for the given post. In case my application is considered, I am available for the interview at any time suitable to you.

If selected, I assure you that I shall work with utmost dedication and sincerity to your full satisfaction.

Hoping for a favourable response.
Yours faithfully
Shweta
Enel. : Bio-data and Testimonials

Answer 6.

Yoga: A Holistic Approach to Health
By Ram

You are truly healthy when you are not just physically fit but also mentally and emotionally balanced. Weight loss, a strong and flexible body, glowing beautiful skin, peaceful mind, good health – whatever you may be looking for, yoga has it on offer. Very often, yoga is only understood as being limited to asanas . As such, its benefits are only perceived to be at the body level and we fail to realize the immense benefits yoga offers in uniting the body, mind and breath.

Sun Salutations and Kapal Bhati pranayama are some ways to help you lose weight with yoga. Pranayama and meditation are effective techniques to release stress. Yoga is also one of the best ways to calm a disturbed mind.

Yoga poses massage organs and strengthen muscles. Breathing techniques and meditation release stress and improve immunity. Yoga and pranayama help you bring your mind back to the present moment, where you can stay happy and focused. Yoga can even help improve your relationship with your loved ones by keeping the mind happy . Multiple tasks through the day can be quite exhausting. Yoga provides the secret to feeling fresh and energetic even after a long day.

The deeper you move into your yoga practice, the more profound are its benefits.

OR

Discipline Shapes the Future of Student

Good morning, respected Principal, teachers and students! Today I wish to talk to you about the decisive role that discipline plays in a student’s life.

Discipline is the most fundamental of all qualities that shape a student. Discipline means self-control and never trespassing the rules of propriety.

The lack of discipline among the students is one of the chief social problems of the day. You should be a model student, diligent in studies, well behaved at home, in school and outside.

Elders who are indisciplined, set a bad example to the youngsters. They are unconsciously influenced by the elders. A healthy society which is composed of people who mind their business and who are not sources of botheration to others. Non-interference in others’ affairs is one of the most prized virtues .You should be obedient to your parents, teachers and elders.

You should get up early in the morning, do some exercises and keep yourself trim. Study diligently the lessons of the day. Our nation is often caught in a crisis as people become unruly and fight among themselves. From our young age we should train ourselves to be the ideal citizens of our nation.

It is said that the people of a nation are its wealth. Let us take a vow that we will be dutiful, honorable citizens of India.

Thank you

Answer 7.
Good morning, respected Principal, teachers and other staff! Today I wish to talk to you about the importance of good manners in public life

Man is considered as the most intelligent creation of God on the earth as he lives in the society as well as he has capacity to think, talk and act accordingly. So, he must know how to behave well and practise good manners to behave well with others in the society. Parents must teach their kids how should they behave with family members, neighbours, teachers, etc and respect the views of others. Being a well behaved person, one must be polite, gentle, disciplined, and sweet. Some people behave well with sweet words only at home but when they are outside or with strangers they behave badly.

Good manners help a person to show the same character, everywhere. Well mannered people know well how to show or explain the bitter truth with sweet words. They do not shout or quarrel in public. People, who lack good manners, generally have sharp tongue and behave roughly and abuse others without any reason.

They show that they lack a good culture, society and discipline, thus they are hated everywhere. Well mannered people are honoured and admired everywhere.

I urge you to always be polite and well mannered to all at home as well as outside.

Thank you.

OR

Rock On Performs at Sapphire International
By Venu

Delhi, 23rd Sept. 20xx: A grand winter carnival was organized on 22nd Sept. 20xx by Sapphire International School in the spacious school grounds. It was a warm and pleasant morning. The carnival was inaugurated by the Education Minister of Delhi Manish Sisodia.

The programme started at 11 am when the Education Minister arrived. He appreciated the beautifully organized carnival. About 100 stalls selling beautiful handicraft and utility items had been put up. There was a separate food court offering both Indian and foreign cuisines. The colourfully decorated game stalls were a great hit among the children.

The highlight of the carnival was the musical performance by the renowned band Rock On Himanshu, the lead singer regaled the audience with his melodious songs. The audience comprising students and their friends and family, enthusiastically applauded the performances.

The carnival ended at 6 pm. A student remarked, “This is the best carnival I have seen this year’. A part of the proceeds were donated to the NGO—Saathi.

Answer 8.

(a) The poet wishes to remind the readers the need to keep quiet all twelve months of the year. Twelve could also refer to the twelve hours of the clock.
(b) He wants us to stop speaking and keep our arms still.
(c) He wishes people to to refrain from speaking in any language and unite by the common bond of silence.
(d) Arms could refer to both arms of the human body and the destructive weapons that humans have devised.

OR

(a) Here T refers to the poet.
(b) She realized with pain that her mother was ageing and had become pale and ashen. She was slowly nearing death.
(c) The realization is painful as she fears the pain of separation from her mother.
(d) The figure of speech used here is ‘similie’. It occurs in the line ‘ashen like that of a corpse’.

Answer 9.
(a) The ragpickers move around on dirty roads barefoot. There are several reasons to explain their lack of chappals. One says that wearing chappals was not a tradition in their family. Another says that his mother had not brought it down. The fact is that they were too poor to be able to afford chappals.

(b) The crofter was a lonely and credulous man. He was a generous man as he offered the peddlar food, hospitality and shelter. He even entertained him by playing mjolis with him. In good faith he even told him where he had kept his 30 kronor.

(c) Adrienne Rich’s ‘Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers’ is very rich in imagery. ‘Massive weight of Uncle’s wedding’ is a suggestive imagery. It is symbolic of the weight of the harsh and difficult experiences of her married life. The wedding band represents the unbreakable bond of marriage between the husband and the wife.

(d) The poet has a keen desire that these slum children should break the bonds of living in a slum area. They should not remain dejected, depressed and isolated from the rest of the civilized world. So he urges the governors, teachers, inspectors, invigilators and visitors to come forward and educate the slum children. They should be taken to the horizons of the blue sky so that they can progress and cope with the other world. Through education their life can be made to change.

(e) Dewan’s tiger was an old tiger. It was procured from the People’s Park in Madras. It was not ferocious and agile. It was passive and exhausted. He was pushed down to the ground. He wandered into the Maharaja’s presence and stood as if in humble supplication. The tiger was kept hidden in Dewan’s house. At midnight when the town slept in peace, the Dewan and his wife dragged the tiger into the car drove straight to the forest.

(f) James Roderick Evans was quite a pleasant sort of chap. He had no record of violence. He was one of the stars at the Christmas concert. But he was ‘just a congenital kleptomaniac.’ The prison officers called him “Evans the Break.” Thrice he had escaped from prison.

Answer 10.
It is true that one’s language is a part of one’s cultural identity. It is inseparable part of one’s existence. In the story The Last Lesson, the villagers and M. Hamel became acutely aware of their love for French only when it was snatched from them. They regretted wasting their time in impulsive and futile pursuits and neglecting learning their own language. So the scene in the school on the day of the last lesson in French was different from that on other days. German was going to be imposed on them from the next day. Hence, all students and even the village elders had gathered there. The love for their native language French dominated all other things. Now it was too late as their opportunity had been taken away from them by the cruel Germans.

OR

Like every youth when he is about to leave the school, the struggle of thought begins, even in Sophie. On their way back home, Sophie and Jansie discuss possibilities of work to be started. Sophie’s flight took off from boutique to shop manager, to an actress cum boutique owner and to a fashion designer, though both the girls were earmarked for a biscuit factory.

Like every young girl, Sophie also fancied the world. She also had in her fancies a strong feeling of knowing the unknown, seeing the unseen and even meeting the welcoming strangers. Though her father forbade for taking her to unknown places and countries, yet Sophie expected Geoff to acquaint her to all new and strange things, people and places. She fancied the world greeting and applauding them.

Finally in her fantasizing she had Danny Casey in her mind. So she visited the perfect place for lovers and sat on the solitary wooden bench under the tree. She waited for her lover coming out of the shadows but there was no sign of him. She became burdened with sadness. Thus Sophie’s dreams and disappointments are all of her own creations.

Answer 11.
The lesson ‘Memories of Childhood’ presents autobiographical episodes from the lives of two women. They highlight the plight of ‘the marginalised communities’. The people of these communities never receive honour and dignity due to them. In ‘The Cutting of My Long Hair’ Bonnin describes how an Indian girl suffered extreme indignities. She tried to maintain her identity and her distinct culture. She liked to wear, long and thick hair. But the ‘paleface woman’ and others dragged her out. They tied her fast in a chair and gnawed off her long hair. In ‘We Too Are Human Beings’ Bama, a Tamil Dalit writer, presents the struggle of a girl of a low caste. The people of low castes are never respected and honoured. They have to carry a food packet by its string without touching it. The girl in ‘We Too Are Human Beings’ struggles, studies hard and stands first in the class. She attains equality, and honour.

The most common feature of both these episodes is the struggle and fight against racial and social discrimination. They don’t take oppression, exploitation and injustice meekly.

OR

Derry’s main problem is his burnt face. One side of his face was eaten up by acid. He suffers from a tremendous sense of inferiority complex. He is always conscious that his face is ‘bad’, ‘terrible’ and ‘the ugliest’. People are ‘afraid’ of him. He tries to escape people. He allows himself to be alienated from the world. On the other hand, Mr Lamb doesn’t allow his physical disability to come in his way. He accepts life as it comes. He has a positive attitude towards life, things and people. He doesn’t find solace in escapism. Children tease him by calling ‘Lamey-Lamb’, but he doesn’t mind it. One of his legs was blown off in the war. But he is full of life and enjoys it at his best. He enjoys sitting in the sun, reading books and growing weeds and flowers.

Derry is withdrawn and defiant. He doesn’t trust people. He thinks that no one will ever love and kiss him except his own mother. He can’t stand people staring at him or passing uncharitable remarks. He is touchy and hyper-sensitive. Mr Lamb is open-minded and open-hearted. For him all are welcome. He loves everybody and everything. He teaches Derry how to handle people and things.

Answer 12.
Griffin arrives in Bramblehurst railway station bundled from head to foot with only the tip of his nose showing. He enters the Coach and Horses Inn and demands a room and a fire. Mrs. Hall, the owner is quite excited and obliged as she feels lucky to have a customer in the chill of February. She was also delighted that he did not haggle over the rent. She prepares a supper for him and offers to take his coat and hat, but he refuses to take them off. When he finally removes the hat, his entire head is swathed in a bandage. Mrs. Hall thinks he has endured some accident that had disfigured his face. She tries to get him to talk about himself, but he is taciturn with her, although not particularly rude. When she went to clear his lunch dishes, the stranger finally requests her to have her luggage sent from Bramblehurst railway station. Her bid to initiate yet another conversation with the stranger is met with resistence as the stranger abruptly asks her to get some matches.

OR

Godfrey insists that he has a claim on Eppie and confesses that he is her father. Hitherto he had refrained from revealing this secret out of moral cowardice and guilt he felt for Molly’s death. However he did feel a sense of responsibility towards Eppie. When Godfrey is ready to claim Eppie as his own, he tells Silas that he is standing in the way of Eppie’s welfare. He persuades him that being wealthier he would be able to give a more luxurious upbringing to Eppie. Silas says that he will not argue anymore and leaves the decision up to Eppie. Eppie who dearly loves Silas and regards him as her father refuses Godfrey’s offer of taking care of her.

Answer 13.
Marvel is poor, homeless and jobless tramp. He wears shabby, old-fashioned clothes, like his ‘obsolete hat’, and he has buttons replaced by pieces of string. The narrator goes so far as to tell us that he does everything in a leisurely manner. He doesn’t seem to like work or excitement. The Invisible Man chooses him to carry out his ends as his own state of invisibility had necessitated the help of a normal person. Marvel was a destitute and a jobless man. Also he wasn’t as intelligent, strong willed and sharp as the invisible man. It was easy to manipulate him. Marvel was timid and quite terrified by the abusive and violent ways of the invisible man. He definitely doesn’t like working for the Invisible Man. So it’s no surprise when he decides to resign from his services.

OR

Eppie is Silas’ adopted daughter and the light of his life. Even as a little girl, she is adorable. She is affectionate and trusting—she latches on to Silas right away—and she is full of high spirits and lovable mischief. She loves flowers and butterflies, and birds and animals and loves to explore the world around her.

Not much changes are seen in her even after sixteen years. When we meet Eppie again, she is still high-spirited and full of mischief, talking about her desire for a garden just where Aaron Winthrop will hear, because she knows that he will volunteer to dig it for her. She has a little dog and cat that she frolics with, and she calls Silas by pet names. Eppie is completely devoted to Silas. She doesn’t even want to marry Aaron because she is afraid that she will have to leave her father. And when Godfrey, her biological father, offers to make her a lady, she refuses quickly and firmly thus showing her love and loyalty to Silas.

We hope the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Englsih Core Paper 2 help you. If you have any query regarding CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 English Core Paper 2, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Chemistry Paper 2 are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Chemistry. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Chemistry Paper 2.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Chemistry Paper 2

Board	CBSE
Class	XII
Subject	Chemistry
Sample Paper Set	Paper 2
Category	CBSE Sample Papers

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 12 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme as prescribed by the CBSE is given here. Paper 2 of Solved CBSE Sample Paper for Class 12 Chemistry is given below with free PDF download solutions.

Time Allowed : 3 Hours
Max. Marks : 70

General Instructions :

• All questions are compulsory.
• Question number 1 to 5 are very short answer questions and carry 1 mark each.
• Question number 6 to 10 are short answer questions and carry 2 marks each.
• Question number 11 to 22 are also short answer questions and carry 3 marks each.
• Question number 23 is a value based question and carry 4 marks.
• Question number 24 to 26 are long answer questions and carry 5 marks each.
• Use log table, if necessary. Use of calculators is not allowed.

Questions

Question 1.
Name the non-stoichiometric point defect responsible for colour in alkali metal halides.

Question 2.
Gelatin is generally added to ice cream. Give reason.

Question 3.
Give IUPAC name of the following organic compound :

Question 4.
Write the structure of Acetoxy salicylic acid.

Question 5.
Name the mono saccharides persent in lactose.

Question 6.
Differentiate between molarity and molality for a solution. How does a change in temperature influence their values?

Question 7.
A chemical reaction is of first order w.r.t. reactant A and of second order w.r.t. reactant B. How is the rate of this reaction affected when

1. the concentration of B is alone increased to three times.
2. the concentration of A as well as B are doubled?

Question 8.
Complete the following chemical equations:

1. Cu + Cone. HNO₃ →
2. S₈ + H₂SO₄ (conc.) →

Question 9.
Write complete chemical equations for

1. Oxidation of Fe²⁺ by Cr₂O^2-₇ in acidic medium
2. Oxidation of S₂O^2-₃ by MnO^–₄ in neutral aqueous medium

Or
Complete the following chemical equations:

1. MnO^–₄ (aq) + C₂O^2-₄ (aq) + H⁺ (aq) →
2. Cr₂O^2-₇ (aq) + Fe²⁺ (aq) + H⁺(aq) →

Question 10.
Which one of the following pair of sustances undergoes S_N2 substitution reaction faster and why?

Question 11.
Calcium crystallises in Face Centered Cubic structure. Radius of the atom in the metal is 141.4 pm.
(a) What is the length of the side of the unit cell?
(b) How many atoms of Calcium are there in its 5 cm³?

Question 12.
Calculate the freezing point of an aqueous solution containing 10.5 g of MgBr₂ in 200 g of water (given molar mass of MgBr₂ = 184 g mol^-1, K_f for water = 1.86 K kg mol^-1, also MgBr₂ is 80% dissociated).

Question 13.
The rate of a reaction becomes four times when the temperature changes from 300 K to 320 K. Calculate the energy of activation of the reaction, assuming that it does not change with temperature. (R = 8.314 JK^-1 mol^-1)

Question 14.

1. How electrophoresis leads to coagulation of gold sol?
2. Explain Tyndall effect briefy by taking an example.
3. Explain why coagulation of sols will occur.p-

Question 15.
(a) Briefly explain leaching process with reaction.
(b) With the help of reactions, explain how pure Zr is obtained from impure Zr?
(c) With the help of reactions, explain how pure gold is obtained?

Question 16.
How would you carry out the following conversions? Write complete equations in each case.
(a) 1-methylcyyclohexene to 1-iodo methylcyclohexanol
(b) Styrene to 1-bromo-l-phenylethane
(c) But-4-enal to 2-Bromobutane

Question 17.

1. Why in transition elements, the melting point first increases and then decreases?
2. Why scandium (Atomic no. 21) is considered a transition metal?
3. How would you account for the following-Actinoid contraction is greater than lanthanoid contraction?

OR
With the help of chemical reactions, explain how KMnO₄ is prepared from pyrolusite ore? Also, write the chemical reaction of KMnO₄ with SO₂ gas in acidic medium?

Question 18.
How will you bring about following conversions? Write complete equations in each case.
(a) Ethanal to 3-hydroxybutanal
(b) Benzaldehyde to benzophenone
(c) Propanone to propene

Question 19.
Give the structures of A, B and C in the following reactions:

Question 20.
Explain the following:
(a) Peptide Linkage
(b) Essential amino acid
(c) Pyranose Structure of β Glucose

Question 21.
Write the names and structures of the monomers of the polymers given below:
(a) Buna-S
(b) Neoprene
(c) Nylon-6,6

Question 22.

1. Give two macromolecules used as drug traget.
2. What are antiseptics?
3. What are anionic detergents?

Question 23.
Mamta, a housewife lives in Sonepat (Haryana). The tap water she gets is rich in dissolved salts. She uses ordinary washing soap for washing clothes and she finds that soaps are not very effective in cleaning her clothes. One of her neighbours, Shilpa is a student of science. Shilpa suggested to her to use synthetic detergents for washing clothes.
Answer the following questions:
(i) As a science student, why did Shilpa suggest to Mamta to use synthetic detergent?
(ii) Give one chemical reaction to justify why not to use ordinary soap.
(iii) What were the values associated with the above decision?

Question 24.
What type of a battery is the lead storage battery? Write the anode and the cathode reactions and the overall reaction occurring in a lead storage battery when current is drawn from it. Calculate the emf of the following cell at 25°C:
Cu(s) | CuSO₄(10^-1 M)|| Ag₂SO₄(10^-3 M) | Ag
Given E_cell° = 0.46 V
OR
(a) Write the anode and cathode reactions occurring in a commonly used mercury cell. How is the overall reaction represented?
(b) Calculate the degree of dissociation and dissociation constant of 0.01 M acetic acid at 298 K, given that
Δ⁰_m (CH₃COOH) = 39 S cm² mol^-1
Δ⁰_m (CH₃COO^–) = 40.9 S cm² mol^-1
Δ⁰_m (H⁺) = 349.1 S cm² mol^-1

Question 25.
(a) Explain each of the following:

1. Molten PCl₅ conducts electricity
2. The electron gain enthalpy of Fluorine is less than Chlorines .
3. Fluorine forms only one oxoacid, that is HOF

(b) Draw the structure of
(i) XeOF
(ii) ClF^–₄
OR
Answer the following

1. Which neutral molecule would be isoelectronic with CIO^–?
2. Of Bi (V) and Sb(V) which may be stronger oxiding agent and why?
3. What is the basicity of H₃PO₃ and why?
4. Why do noble gases have very low boiling points?
5. Nitrogen is much less reactive than phosphorus at room temperature. Why?

Question 26.
(a) Arrange the following sets of compounds in increasing order according to the given instruction.

1. Phenol, 2-nitrophenol, Cyclohexanol (Acidic character)
2. pentan-l-ol, n-butane, pentanal, ethoxyethane (boiling points)

(b) Describe the mechanism of hydration of ethene to yield ethanol.
(c) Write Kolbe’s reaction with an example.
OR
(a) Explain the following name reactions with a suitable example.

1. Reimer-Tiemann reaction
2. Williamson’s synthesis

(b)

1. Haloalkanes are more soluble in organic solvent as compared to water, why?
2. Grignard’s reagent is prepared under anhydrous conditions, why?
3. Phenol is more acidic than ethanol, why?

Answers 

Answer 1.
F-centre or metal excess defect

Answer 2.
Gelatin acts as an emulsifying agent as well as prevents crystallisation of water.

Answer 3.
3-Hydroxyhex-4-enoic acid

Answer 4.

Answer 5.
β-D-galactose and β-D-glucose.

Answer 6.

• Molarity : It is the number of moles of solute per litre of solution.
• Molality : It is number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.

In case of molarity, its value will decrease with increasing temperature but molality remains unchanged with change in temperature.

Answer 7.
According to given information the rate law equation is
rate = k[A] [B]²

1. On increasing [B] three times
   rate₁ = k [A] [3B]²
   = 9 k[A] [B]²
   i.e. rate becomes nine times.
2. When [A] and [B] gets doubled, then
   rate₂ = K[2A] [2B]² = 8 K[A] [B]²
   i.e. rate becomes 8 times.

Answer 8.

1. Cu + 4HNO₃ (conc.) → Cu (NO₃)₂ + 2NO₂ + 2H₂O
2. S₈ + 16H₂SO₄ (conc.) → 24SO₂ + 16H₂O

Answer 9.
(a) Cr₂O^2-₇ + 6Fe²⁺ + 14⁺ → 2Cr³⁺ + 6Fe³⁺ + 7H₂O
(b) 8MnO^–₄ + 3S₂O^2-₃ + H₂O → 8MnO₂ + 6SO^2-₄ + 2OH^–
OR
(a) 2MnO^–₄ + 5S₂O^2-₄ + 16H⁺ → 2Mn²⁺ + 8H₂O + 10CO₂
(b) CrO^2-₇ + 3H₂S + 8H⁺ → 2Cr³⁺ + 3S + 7H₂O

Answer 10.

Answer 11.
Since calcium crystallises in fee structure, so

Answer 12.
From question

Answer 13.
Since K₂ = 4K₁
T₁ = 300 K, T₂ = 320 K, R = 8.314 JK^-1 mol.
from Arrhenius relation:

Answer 14.

1. The colloidal particles move towards oppositely charged electrode i.e. electropheoresis takes place and it will lead to coagulation of gold sol.
2. The path of light becomes visible due to scattering of light by particles of starch sol and tyndall effect will take place.
3. Coagulation of sol will occur due to neutralisation of charges on the colloidal particles.

Answer 15.
(a) The process of leaching with NaOH (aq) is used for leaching of bauxite ore to get pure alumina (Al₂O₃). The reaction involved is
Al₂O₃(g) + 2NaOH(aq) + 3H₂O(g) → Al₂O₃2CH₂O↓ + 2NaHCO₃ (aq)
Precipitate is filtered, washed and dried, followed by heating to get pure Al₂O₃.

Answer 16.

Answer 17.

1. It is due to strong metal metal bond which is there because of small size and large number of unpaired electrons in the valence shell.
2. Sc (21) → [Ar] 3d¹4s²
   It contains partially filled d-orbital in the ground state, i.e. 3d¹ configuration, hence it is d-orbital considered as a transition metal.
3. It is due to poorer shielding of 5f electrons in actinoids as compared to 4f electrons of lanthanoids.

OR
Preparation of KMnO₄ from pyrolusite ore :

Reaction with SO₂
2MnO^–₄ + 5SO₂ + 2H₂O \(\underrightarrow { { H }^{ + } } \) 2Mn²⁺ + 5SO^2-₄ + 4H⁺

Answer 18.

Answer 19. 

Answer 20.
(a) Peptide linkage : Proteins are connected to each other through

(amide linkage) bond which is called peptide bond or linkage in protein chemistry,
e.g.

(b) Essential amino acid : The amino acids which must be taken in diet regularly are known as essential amino acids.
(c) Pyranose structure of β-glucose is as follows:

Answer 21.

Answer 22.

1. Protein, enzymes, hormones etc.
2. Antiseptics : The class of compounds used to kill microorganisms on living cells are known as antiseptics.
3. These are sodium salts of sulphonated long chain alcohols or hydrocarbons, since large part of such detergent is anionic and cleansing action is also due to this part. Hence such detergents are known as anionic detergents. Most of the household detergents are anionic.

Answer 23.
(a) Synthetic detergents provide cleaning in soft water as well as in hard water.

(c) Values associated are knowledge of chemistry, concern for friend, cleanliness and environment protection, (any two)

Answer 24.
It is a secondary battery, i.e. rechargeable
Cell reaction during battery in use:
At anode : Pb(s) + SO^2-₄(aq) → PbSO₄(aq) + 2e^–
Cathode : Pb(s) + SO^2-₄(aq) + 4H⁺(aq) + 2e → PbSO₄(s) + 2H₂O (l)
Net reaction : Pb(s) + PbO₂(s) + 2H₂SO₄(aq) → 2PbSO₄ + 2H₂O(l)

(b) Cell reactions at
Anode → Cu(s) Cu²⁺ + x  Here, n = 2
Cathode → (Ag⁺ + e^– → Ag) × 2
Net reaction :
Cu(s) + 2Ag⁺ → Cu²⁺ + 2Ag
At 298 K, Nemst equation for emf of cell:

OR
Reaction of mercury cell at
Anode : Zn (Hg) + 20H^– → ZnO(s) + H₂O + 2e^–
Cathode : HgO + 2H₂O + 2e^– → Hg(l) + 2OH^–
Overall reaction:
Zn(Hg) + HgO(s) → ZnO(s) + Hg(s)
[since no ion is involved during the overall reaction, so cell potential remains constant during the entire life of the cell]

(b) from question (Δ⁰_m) = 39 S cm² mol^-1
limiting molar conductivity (Δ⁰_m) for acetic acid
Δ⁰_m (CH₃COOH) = λ_CH3COO^– + λ°_H+
= 349.1 + 40.9 – 390 S cm² mol^-1
Now, Degree of dissociation,

α = 0.1
Dissociation constant (K_a) for fa acetic acid :
K = Cα² = (0.01) (0.1)² = 10^-4

Answer 25.
(a)

1. In molten state PCl₅ exist as [PCl₄]⁺ and [PCl₆]^– ions, hence it conducts electricity.
2. It is due to high electron density in valence shell of fluorine.
3. Due to absence of d orbitals in F, it cannot expand its covalency.

OR

1. OF₂ or ClF
2. Bi(V) is an stronger oxidising agent, reason being Bi(III) is more stable than Bi(V) because of inert pair effect.
3. Structure of H₃PO₃ –
   
   Its basicity is two and the reason being is, it consists of two OH groups, hence only 2H⁺ ions can be released.
4. Noble gases are monotomic gas molecules and hence only weak dispersion forces are there. As a result they have low boiling point.
5. Triple bond present between two nitrogen atoms is much stronger than P-P single bond, hence nitrogen is less reactive than phosphorous.

Answer 26.
(a)

1. Cyclohexanol < phenol < 2-nitrophenol
2. n-butane < ethoxyethane < pentanal < pentan-1-ol

OR
(a)

1. Reimer-Tiemann reaction:
   
2. Williamson’s synthesis:
   An alkyl halide reacts with sodium alkoxide to form ether.
   R-X + R’- ONa → R-O-R’ + NaX
   CH₃Cl + NaOC₂H₅ → CH₃-O-CH₂-CH₃ + NaCl

(b)

1. Haloalkanes are unable to form hydrogen bond with water but bonding of haloalkanes with organic solvent is as strong as among haloalkanes. Due to this reason haloalkanes are more soluble in organic solvent than water.
2. Grignard reagent reacts immediately with water to form alkane, hence they are prepared under anhydrous conditions.
   RMgX + H₂O → RH + MgX(OH)
3. Phenoxide ion is resonance stablised, hence phenol is more acidic than ethanol (ethoxide ion is destablised by +I effect of alkyl group).

We hope the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Chemistry Paper 2 help you. If you have any query regarding CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Chemistry Paper 2, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 English Core Paper 1 are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 English Core. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 English Core Paper 1.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 English Core Paper 1

Board	CBSE
Class	XII
Subject	English Core
Sample Paper Set	Paper 1
Category	CBSE Sample Papers

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 12 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme as prescribed by the CBSE is given here. Paper 1 of Solved CBSE Sample Paper for Class 12 Englsih Core is given below with free PDF download solutions.

Time Allowed : 3 hours
Maximum Marks : 100

General Instructions

• This paper is divided into three sections: A, B and C. All the sections are compulsory.
• Separate instructions are given with each section and question, wherever necessary. Read these instructions very carefully and follow them faithfully.
• Do not exceed the prescribed Word limit while answering the questions.

SECTION A
READING (30 MARKS)

Question 1.
Read the following passage carefully. (12 Marks)

Cycle of change: Biking communities making the bicycle popular again

1. In 1976, six-year-old Anil Uchil started cycling by renting a bicycle at 25 paise an hour. He got his own road bike when he turned 13, and he cycled everywhere: to school, college and even to work in 1993. He still cycles to work. “It’s healthy, environment-friendly and economical. But the real reason I cycle is because it’s sheer fun,” he says.

2. Earlier this year, PM Narendra Modi, in a speech on environmental crisis, said, “Why don’t we make Sunday cycle day? I am saying that only one day a week; don’t use fuel- driven vehicles.” Internationally, a lot has been done to encourage people to use the bicycle as a primary means of transport. UK’s Cycle to Work scheme offers tax-free bicycles to employees. 45% of people in Copenhagen cycle to work/college. In Brussels (Belgium), Geneva (Switzerland), or San Francisco (USA), it is not uncommon to see top rung corporate executives in three-piece suits cycling their way to office.

3. Cycling, though, has been a part of Indian culture for decades. Apart from people across strata in smaller towns and villages, in cities, mill workers, newspaper delivery boys, milk vendors and bread sellers have always used the bicycle. Today, the resurgent popularity of the bicycle isn’t so much as a practical mode of commuting as it is a way towards fitter lifestyles and eco-friendliness.

4. Around the late 2000s, as the middle and affluent classes took to cycling, internet penetration also grew in India. Many made use of social media to create awareness. Numerous groups on Facebook today help cyclists connect to fellow riders. The shared passion for cycling brings together absolute strangers, building friendships and a sense of community.

5. Jose George, an avid cycling enthusiast and the owner of the cycling store, Haybren Adventures, says, “Riding in a group is always more enjoyable. And you end up riding a lot more.” Usually, the ride distances range from 20 to 80 km, and are held mostly on weekends. Apart from the environmental benefits, cycling is also an effective way to break away from a sedentary lifestyle. “It’s a low-impact exercise where you don’t carry your body weight. The machine does. It’s great stress buster too,” George says.

6. But (while there are eager riders, the lack of infrastructure is a deterrent. Dedicated cycling lanes are still a distant dream. And if the traffic and questionable driving skills of many don’t discourage you, the potholes and gaps between concrete segments might. Another sore point is the derisive attitude of motorists and drivers. Banker and cycling enthusiast Ninad Waghule, 28, says, “Most drivers aren’t considerate towards cyclists. However, if you’re on an expensive cycle and wearing a helmet, you get more respect compared to a regular person commuting to work. It’s a pity.”

7. The cycling culture has also given birth to adventure travel companies that organise cycling trips. From short weekend trips to longer and more arduous (but rewarding) journeys, cycling tours are gaining popularity. CEO Prateek Deo Gupta, a cycling enthusiast, says, “Travelling by cycle, as opposed to a car, shows you know more of the local culture”. Nitin Yadav, co-founder of Delhi-based Cycle It, which focuses solely on cycling trips, says the past four to five months have particularly seen a rise in numbers. Launched last year, Cycle It offers trips on the picturesque Manali to Leh route, and Kumaon, Uttarakhand.

8. American science educator Bill Nye famously said, “There’s something wrong with a society that drives a car to work out in a gym.” Thankfully, in spite of potholed roads and our despicable habit of honking cyclists out of the way, things are changing.

(Source: Manali Shah, Hindustan Times, Mumbai, Oct 08, 2015)

I. On the basis of your understanding of the passage, answer the following questions by choosing the most appropriate option. (1 × 4 = 4 Marks)

(a) Cycling is becoming popular again due to

1. traffic jams.
2. request of the Prime minister.
3. health benefits.
4. reviving Indian culture.

(b) Riding in groups is more beneficial because it helps to :

1. restrict friendships.
2. inculcate sense of kinship.
3. follow the routine of everyday life.
4. none of the above.

(c) Cycling tours are becoming popular because:

1. they are discussed on facebook.
2. they are more satisfying.
3. one can experience more of regional traditions.
4. all the above.

(d) The deterrents to cycling include:

1. Co-operation of the motorists.
2. stress while cycling.
3. non availability of allocated lanes for cyclists.
4. going to the gym regularly.

II. Answer the following questions as briefly as possible. (1 × 6 = 6 Marks)

(e) How has cycling been a part of Indian culture?
(f) What is the difference between the attitude of people of Brussels or Geneva and India to cyclists?
(g) How has the spread of internet helped in promoting cycling?
(h) How have the travel companies benefitted from cycling?
(i) There is a difference in attitude of the drivers to the different cyclists. Explain.
(j) Why does the columnist say that the things are changing?

III. Find words from the passage which mean the same as: (1 × 2 = 2 Marks)

(a) chief (para 2)
(b) sarcastic (para 6)

Question 2.
Read the following passage carefully. (10 Marks)

Don’t be snobbish! Teach your folks the latest technology

1. Quite recently, I observed a young guy in the office cafeteria yelling at his mom because she had called him to ask how to send an audio message through Whatsapp. “Mom, you don’t need to try and be all savvy. Just leave it and make a normal call”, he said, after trying to teach her the commands once, and realising that she’s not getting it. I didn’t like what he said and his tone but it did make me realise and feel guilty about the  several times that even I may have lost patience while helping my parents understand the new technologies. If you are, intentionally or unintentionally, fuelling insecurity and lack of confidence in an elderly person about use of new technologies, you are not doing yourself a favour, because you’ll soon reach that stage yourself.

2. It was not long ago that Orkut became Facebook and BBM became Whatsapp. So it’s not long when these two also become obsolete or die down. The same goes for the operating systems of the various phones and gadgets we use. The fact that most of you so easily adapt to a new platform or gadget is because you are constantly, almost 24X7, using these gadgets. But unlike most of you, people who did not have these gadgets in their hands as constant fixtures have to start from the scratch. Hence, they find it tough and intimidating, and often struggle with the basics. It’s like when they were teaching you ABC. Did they shout at you because you couldn’t frame sentences? So, now that the roles stand reversed and you get to be the teacher, you better treat them with the same love and patience that they showed for you.

3. For those of you who have never experienced the joy of seeing an old person discover the magic of internet, it is a wonderful thing when their eyes light up on discovering that they can message their friends or relatives anywhere in the world and get instant response, for free. They may take ages to type out a coherent sentence, but the moment they click ‘send’, their excitement is incomparable. They may make a lot of mistakes and you may get frustrated or embarrassed but it’s all worthwhile in the end. Remember, holding a smart-phone in your hand doesn’t make you smart. Being able to give back to someone who patiently taught you everything you know in life does.

4. Yes, life is hectic and teaching technology to parents or grandparents isn’t a priority but the little effort of spending an hour every week in making your elders proficient in technology goes a long way in making your own life much easier.

5. While for them, being on social media brings up a new universe to explore joyfully, it also opens several new avenues for you to communicate with your ageing parents. Many young people who were too busy to call their mom or dad often have now taken to regularly chatting with them on Whatsapp. Although I would never agree that chatting or talking on the phone is a sufficient replacement for spending actual, physical time with your elders, it’s still better than not being in touch for days together.

6. So, no more making faces, rolling eyes or being all sarcastic about an elder person struggling with the basics of technology. You may know the software more, but they’ve seen the world more. There’s no comparison.

(Source: Sonal Kalra, Hindustan Times, New Delhi, August 22, 2015)

I. On the basis of your understanding of the passage, answer the following questions by choosing the most appropriate option. (1 × 2 = 2 Marks)

(a) How does the writer suggest that we would be in the same position as the elderly?

1. We will have impatient children
2. Technology gets updated regularly
3. The next generation will speak rudely to us
4. Both (i) and (ii)

(b) The learning process for the elderly with reference to technology would include:

1. taking time to type a understandable message
2. being anxious at their attempts
3. asking about it repeatedly
4. all the above.

II. Answer the following questions as briefly as possible. (1 × 6 = 6 Marks)

(c) What realization did the columnist have after her observation at the cafeteria?
(d) Why does the younger generation pick up technology fast?
(e) What is fascinating about the internet for elderly?
(f) How should we respond to the queries of the elderly regarding technology?
(g) How can teaching technology to the elders in our family make our life easier?
(h) What is the final message of the writer?

III. Find words from the passage which are similar in meaning to the following. (1 × 2 = 2 Marks)

(a) increasing (para 1)
(b) unique (para 3)

Question 3.
Read the following passage carefully. (8 Marks)

In a very short period of time the internet has had a profound impact on the way we live. Since the internet was made operational in 1983, it has lowered both the costs of communication and the barriers to creative expression. It has challenged old business models and enabled new ones. It has provided access to information on a scale never before achievable.

It succeeded because we designed it to be flexible and open. These two features have allowed it to accommodate innovation without massive changes to its infrastructure. An open, borderless and standardized platform means that barriers to entry are low, competition is high, interoperability is assured and innovation is rapid.

The beauty of an open platform is that there are no gatekeepers. For centuries, access to and creation of information was controlled by the few. The internet has changed that and is rapidly becoming the platform for everyone, by everyone.

Of course, it still has a way to go. Today there are only about 2.3 billion internet users, representing roughly 30% of the world’s population. Much of the information that they can access online is in English, but this is changing rapidly. The technological progress of the internet has also set social change in motion. As with other enabling inventions before it, from the telegraph to television, some will worry about the effects of broader access to information—the printing press and the rise in literacy that it effected were, after all, long seen as destabilising. Similar concerns about the internet are occasionally raised, but if we take a long view, I’m confident that its benefits far outweigh the discomforts of learning to integrate it into our lives. The internet and the world wide web are what they are because literally millions of people have made it so. It is a grand collaboration.

It would be foolish not to acknowledge that the openness of the internet has had a price. Security is an increasingly important issue and cannot be ignored. If there is an area of vital research and development for the internet, this is one of them. I am increasingly confident, however, that techniques and practices exist to make the internet safer and more secure while retaining its essentially open quality.

After working on the internet and its predecessors for over decades, I’m more optimistic about its promise than I have ever been. We are all free to innovate on the net every day. The internet is tool of the people, built by the people and it must stay that way.

A. On the basis of your reading of the above passage make notes on it, using headings and sub-headings. Use recognizable abbreviations (wherever necessary—minimum four) and a format you consider suitable. Also supply an appropriate title to it. (5 Marks)

B. Write a summary of the passage in about 80 words. (3 Marks)

SECTION B
ADVANCE WRITING SKILLS (30 MARKS)

Question 4.
Every year on Children’s Day, an exhibition of Science projects is held at the Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium. Your school has received an invitation from the Education Minister of Delhi inviting the students of your school to visit it. Write a notice in about 50 words informing the students about the display, advising them to go and enjoy it. You are Sunil/Sunita Sahoo, Head Boy/Head Girl Bright Minds Public School, New Delhi. (4 Marks)
OR
Draft a poster informing the readers about hazards of alcoholism in 50 words.

Question 5.
On the approaching Sports’ Day, you realise that many House Flags, batons, badminton racquets, high jump equipment, and many other required by the participants, are in a bad state because of wear & tear. Place an order for all these things along with their numbers to Akram Sports Goods, A-10, Sector-10 Noida, specifying the terms & conditions to get good bargain at a discounted rate for the school. Write this letter as Navtej/Navita, the Sport’s teacher, Navin Public School, 112 Taj Road, Agra. (6 Marks)
OR
Recently you travelled from Bangalore city to Vasco in Vasco Express. To your dismay, you found that the coach was infested with cockroaches. Write a letter to The General Manager, Southern Railways, complaining about the prevailing unhygienic conditions and asking for remedial action. You are Saroj/Saran, 5/31, Bangalore Cantt., Bangalore.

Question 6.
Recent rains and consequent water-logging have increased the risk of malaria and dengue. Write a speech in 150-200 words to be delivered in the morning assembly advising the students on prevention of and protection against these ailments and the steps that the school has taken to prevent mosquito breeding in and around the school. Imagine you are the Principal of the school. (10 Marks)
OR
More industrial production means availability of more goods, better life style, lower prices, more jobs, etc. However, a higher standard of living can be achieved only at a cost and that is, depletion of raw materials and air and water pollution. Write a debate in 150-200 words either for or against the motion—‘Standard of living can be raised, but only at a great cost.’ You are Aseem/Aashima.

Question 7.
Recently, a Car Free Day was organized in Gurgaon and Delhi to encourage the commuters to avail public transport. This was done as vehicles lead to traffic jams, air pollution, road rage and an unhealthy competition in the middle class to own more and newer cars. What are your views on the issue—Private cars or Public transport? Describe them in an article in 150-200 words. You are Sujit/ Sunaina. (10 Marks)
OR
Write a speech to be delivered in the morning assembly in 150-200 words on ‘Delhi: A City of Crime’.

SECTION C
TEXTBOOKS AND EXTENDED READING TEXT (40 MARKS)

Question 8.
Read the following extract carefully and answer the questions that follow : (1 × 4 = 4 Marks)

Those who prepare green wars,
Wars with gas, wars with fire, victory with no survivors,
Would put on clean clothes and walk about With their brothers in the shade, doing nothing.

(a) What are green wars?
(b) How will the few moments of introspection affect the people?
(c) Explain the irony in “Victory with no survivors”.
(d) Name the poem and the poet.

OR
Rich with sprinkling of fair musk rose blooms;
And such too is the grandeur of the dooms
We have imagined for the mighty dead;
All lovely-tales that we have heard or read;
An endless fountain of Immortal drink,
Pouring unto us from the heaven’s brink.

(a) What is the beautiful scene that one sees in the middle of the forest?
(b) Why does the poet call the dooms to be full of grandeur?
(c) Whom does the word ‘mighty dead’ refer to?
(d) Explain ‘Immortal drink’.

Question 9.
Answer any four of the following questions in about 30-40 words each: (3 × 4 = 12 Marks)

(a) Why do you think Aunt Jennifer’s hands are fluttering through her wool? Why is she finding the needle so hard to pull?
(b) Why were a large number of villagers seated on the back benches?
(c) How did the Maharaja manage to save his throne?
(d) Why did Evans drape a blanket round his shoulder?
(e) Why did Bama take half hour to an hour to cover the distance to her home that would normally take only ten minutes?
(f) How did the wizard help Roger Skunk?

Question 10.
Why did Gandhiji consider ‘freedom from fear‘ and a realization that in their own country they can fight for justice was more important than legal and monetary justice for the poor peasants of Champaran? Answer in about 120-150 words. (6 marks)
OR
“The absence of essential value of human compassion, dignity of human life and consideration can be clearly visualized in the ‘Memories of Childhood’.” How far has the meaning of this statement been exemplified in the stories of the two women? Are they close to Malala’s fight for right to education?

Question 11.
How did Dr. Sadao, rise above narrow prejudices of race and country for assisting a human being in need? Discuss. (Word limit 120-150) (6 marks)
OR
By looking at Zitkala-Sa and Bama’s life, one can say that it may take a long time for oppression to be resisted but seeds of rebellion are sowed early in life. Additionally, injustice in any form can have a permanent impact on children too. Justify. (Word limit 120-150) (NCERT)

Question 12.
What forced Griffin to become a bandaged caricature of a man? (Word Limit 120-150) (6 Marks)
OR
What kind of life did Silas lead before coming to Raveloe?

Question 13.
Excessive ambition is behind all that happens in the story. Griffin, devoid of all traces of humanity has become blind in his pursuit. Justify in context of the novel ‘The Invisible Man’. (Word limit 120-150) (6 Marks)
OR
Describe Nancy’s character and her outlook to life in Silas Marner.

ANSWERS

Answer 1.
I.
(a) (iii) health benefits
(b) (ii) none of the above
(c) (iv) all of the above
(d) (iii) non availability of allocated lanes for cyclists.

II. (e) Cycling has always been a part of Indian culture especially among the less affluent in smaller towns and villages. In cities it is used by mill workers, milk vendors newspaper delivery boys and bread sellers. Today it is used as a way to fitter and eco-friendly lifestyles.

(f) In Brussels even the top rung corporate executives prefer cycling to their offices. This is not the case in India.

(g) Spread of Internet has given rise to numerous groups on Facebook that help cyclists connect to fellow riders. Thus a shared passion builds a friendship and a sense of community.

(h) Adventure travel companies have taken to organising short weekend cycling trips to longer and more arduous trips.

(i) Most drivers display derisive attitude towards cyclists unless they are in an expensive cycle with a helmet.

(j) Things are slowly changing as despite the odds more and more people are opting for cycling to keep fit. Social media has proved to be a boon in promoting the culture of cycling.

III. (a) primary (b) derisive

Answer 2.
I. (a) (iv) Both (i) and (ii) (b) (iv) all of the above

II. (c) The columnist realised that she herself may have been impatient with her parents while helping them with new technologies and felt guilty for such treatment.

(d) The younger generation is faster in learning new technologies since they are using them 24 × 7.

(e) The internet opens up a new universe which the elderly explore joyfully. They also love the newer and easier ways of communicating that internet offers.

(f) If elders ask us about the use of technology, we should teach it to them patiently and respectfully.

(g) If we teach technology to the elders of our family, we will be able to have regular chatting or talking with them on phone as we have no time to talk with them regularly face to face.

(h) The final message of the writer is that wre should not make any sarcastic comments if our elders ask us to teach them to use technology, instead we should teach them calmly and respectfully.

III. (a) fuelling (b) incomparable

Answer 3.
A. TITLE: Internet—A Game Changer

NOTES :

1. Features Of Internet

(a) Flexible & open
(b) Standardised platform
(c) High Compttn.
(d) Rapid innovation.

2. Global Penetration

(a) Used by 30% of populn.
(b) English-major language.

3. Positive Impact

(a) Agent of social change
(b) Enable new busi. models
(c) Lowered commun. costs
(d) Aids creative innovation

4. Areas of concern

(а) Insecure platform v open
(b) Need to put checks for greater safety.

Key to Abbreviations
compttn.	: competition
populn.	: population
busi.	: business
commun.	: communication
∵	: as

B. SUMMARY

Internet is an open and flexible platform. It is standardised. The competition is high and is open to rapid innovation. About 30% of the world population is internet user. Though the access is in English but this is also changing. It has positively impacted society as it has triggered great social change. It has also enabled new business models. Besides lowering communication costs it has aided creative innovation. Still it is not without drawbacks. The greatest one being that due to its openness it is too insecure. There is a need to create checks and practices which will lend it greater degree of safety.

Answer 4.

Answer 5.
Navin Public School
112 Taj Road, Agra
30th Sep, 20XX

The Manager
Akram Sports Goods
A-10, Sector 10, Noida

Sub: Order for Sports Goods

Dear Sir,

Our school is going to host its Annual Sports Day on 18 October, 20xx. With regard to this, we would like to place an order for certain sports equipment.

The set specifications of the order are as under :

S. No.	Item	Brand	Quantity
1.	Cricket Bats	Adidas	5
2.	Tennis Racquets	Wilson	6
3.	Shot put Balls	Mcsports	7
4.	Tennis Balls	Wilson	7

Since our association with you is a long one, we would like a discount of 25% on the above order. You are requested to arrange for the goods to be delivered by 8 October, 20xx. Kindly note that the damaged goods will be returned for replacement. Payment would be made by cheque at the time of delivery.

Yours sincerely
Navtej
H.O.D., Sports Department

OR

5/31, Bangalore Cantt.
Bangalore
7th September, 20xx
The General Manager
Southern Railways

Sub: Unhygienic Condition in Rail Coaches

Dear Sir/Madam

Last month I took the Vasco Express from Bangalore on a business related matter. After I settled myself and my luggage thinking of getting a good night’s rest, I was dismayed and disgusted to see cockroaches creeping out of the seat. I myself spotted not less than fifteen or twenty. I could not sleep the entire night fearing that they may crawl over me while I was sleep.

Sir, my mind is full of questions. Is it not the customer’s right to have clean and pest-free compartment as they pay for the travel? Railways need to improve the hygienic conditions of the coaches in order to improve their own reputation and the travel experience of their customers.

Yours sincerely
Saroj

Answer 6.
Good morning, respected principal, teachers and students! I take the opportunity in this morning assembly to address you on an important health issues. As you all are aware the recent heavy rains have caused widespread waterlogging and have increased the risk of malaria and dengue. I am sure you know that both these diseases are caused by mosquitoe bites and once contracted can take a toll on your health. Here are a few tips to keep mosquitoes at bay.

• Wear full sleeve clothes.
• Wear trousers instead of shorts and skirts.
• Use mosquito repellant creams and patches.

On our part we have arranged fumigation of all rooms, nooks and corners by professionals. One bottle of mosquito spray has been kept in each class to use as and when required. All drains in and around the school have been cleaned and disinfected.

I hope you will take care of your health and cooperate in creating mosquito-free surroundings.

Thank you.

OR

Esteemed judges I, Aseem stand before you to debate for the motion. Standard of living can be raised but only at a great cost. We are living in an era of consumerism, which dictates our definition of ‘standard of living’. In a nutshell if you have more goods and more and more of the same goods, you are perceived as having a high standard of living. For example, car owners are seen as having a higher standards than those who own scooters. Likewise a person owning three cars is seen with more respect and admiration than the one having just one. But raising of the so-called standard of living entails a great toll on our natural resources. More trees need to be cut to have bigger and better houses and furniture. More animals need to be butchered to satisfy our taste for exotic meats. These are but a few examples. Our consumerist attitude may deplete the earth in the near future. So the need of the hour is to adopt a minimalistic lifestyle thereby saving the earth’s resources.

Thank you.

Answer 7.
Private cars or public Transport? By: Sujit

The Delhi government recently announced Car-free days in a bid to decrease congestion on roads and encourage commuters to use public transport. The number of cars on Delhi roads is on the rise owing to the rising purchasing power of the middle class coupled with the desire to compete with others. Hardly do they realise that how much congestion and pollution is caused due to this trend.

The advantages of using private cars are that they are convenient and comfortable and give the users a great degree of autonomy. The disadvantages of using private card are that they result in traffic jams, air pollution and accidents. Though public transport has some drawbacks, yet we should try to use public transport as much as possible instead of our private cars. DTC buses are unreliable and unsafe especially for women who sometimes suffer eve-teasing while travelling in them. They are overcrowded too. Delhi Metro is a better alternative as it is punctual, safer for women and more secure. There is a need to increase the frequency of DTC buses and metro trains to make public transport more appealing. Autos should run only by the meter and not should not over charge.

OR

Respected Principal, teachers and my dear friends!

Today I am going to express my views on the topic ‘Delhi: A City of Crime’ and hope my views will be appreciated by you.

Delhi has become notorious for its crime rate—robberies in the day time, murders of senior citizens in crowded colonies, kidnappings from main roads and rapes in moving cars. With the police dragging its feet in catching the wrongdoers and the courts’ lackadaisical attitude in passing judgement, criminals are encouraged to continue their nefarious activities. Matters are not helped when highly placed officials and politicians use their influence upon the guilty. The contrast between the wealthy and the underprivileged is growing, and with the open display of wealth of the former, the latter feel crime is the shortest way to achieve the same goals. Movies romanticize the bad and the ugly side of life, adding fuel to the already growing fire. People themselves break laws by not verifying their servants or tenants or by turning a blind eye to wrongdoings.

The city has acquired a bad reputation. Where once only selected areas were considered unsafe, now the whole city is under attack.

The government needs to take strict action against recalcitrant police officers and those who block the course of justice. Judgement in criminal cases must be swift and harsh. People must realise that they also have the responsibility of keeping crime at bay. It is only when everyone works together that we can make Delhi a worthwhile place to live in.

Thank you.

Answer 8.

(a) ‘Green wars’ are all activities which harm nature and environment.
(b) While introspecting, the poet hopes that man will be able to see their mindless activities which are harming nature. They may change their goals and means to achieve their needs thus bringing more peace in their lives.
(c) It is ironical that when wars are won there are no survivors to celebrate the victory.
(d) The poem is ‘Keeping Quiet’. The poet is Pablo Neruda.

OR

(a) One sees the musk rose blooming in the middle of the forest.
(b) The stories of the death of the mighty heroes in the past have been described with great grandeur. Hence the poet speaks about them admiringly.
(c) ‘Mighty dead’ refers to the great and powerful inspiring heroes who are now dead.
(d) The things of beauty are a source of eternal pleasure and relaxation to man. Thus the immortal drink, an elixir, never dries up.

Answer 9.
(a) Aunt Jennifer’s fluttering fingers indicate her terrorised and tortured state of mind. The uncle’s wedding ring has burdened her soul and personality so much that she finds even a needle hard to handle.

(b) It was the last day of French lessons in M. Hamel’s classroom. The German order had forbidden the learning of French from the next day. Only German would be spoken in Alsace. The villagers had come to attend the last French lesson to pay their respect to their teacher who had spent forty years in teaching French.

(c) The Maharaja had refused the British official. In doing so he ran a great risk as his kingdom could be annexed. To make up to the British official he sent 50 rings to the official’s wife who instead of choosing one or two accepted all the 50 rings as a gift. The Maharaja paid a heavy sum but managed to save his throne.

(d) Evans draped on a blanket around his shoulder on the pretext of his cell being cold. In fact, beneath it he changed his clothes that McLeery brought for him.

(e) Ori her way back home Bama was captivated by the many entertaining people and activities of the market. She found the snake charmer, the performing monkey to name a few very engrossing. Hence the ten minute walk stretched to thirty minutes.

(f) The wizard helped Roger Skunk by substituting the awful smell of the skunk with the beautiful fragrance of roses. In doing so the wizard helped Roger Skunk immensely as now he was happily accepted by his friends.

Answer 10.
Gandhiji believed that the 25% refund amount was insignificant for the peasants. What was more vital was that for the first time the farmers had won a court case against the British. The farmers had gained confidence and courage while the British complacency had received a rude jolt. This episode released the farmer from the shackles of fear of the British. Hitherto the farmers had lived in complete subjection to the British but with losing the court case the British had to part with their prestige and also some of their money. Gandhiji saw this as a victory of truth. Also Gandhiji’s dream that Indians should live on their land freely and fearlessly was realized for the first time. He believed that if minds were freed of fear, independence would not be far behind.
OR
Both Zitkala-sa and Bama were victims of discrimination. While the farmer suffered racist discrimination, Bama suffered the caste-based discrimination in the form of untouchability. They suffered great atrocities. The whites in the Carlisle school sought to erase her identity by teaching her western ways and manners. Her long hair was shingled. This was forbidden in her Indian culture; She was made to wear tight dresses which she found immodest. Likewise Bama learnt from her brother that she was Dalit and hence untouchable. Bama and Zitkala-sa both experienced painfully how prejudice and discrimination can deprive human beings of compassion, consideration and humanity. Malala has fought for education for girls in her own country, Afghanistan. She too must have experienced the indignities humans can commit due to lack of education.

Answer 11.
After Sadao decided to help the wounded American soldier, he experienced a conflict between his sense of patriotism and sense of professional duty. He was in a dilemma—if he abandons the American he would be doing a disservice to his profession as a surgeon; if he helped him he would be betraying his country. He resolves this dilemma by choosing humanity over considerations of race. He also has to overcome his personal hatred of Americans whom he had come to loathe during his stay in America. In the end Sadao rises above all these narrow considerations and upholds humanity and his professional duty to serve humanity.
OR
The experiences and life of Bama and Zitkala-sa exemplify that oppression and injustice doesn’t go unnoticed even by children. Zitkala-sa experienced extreme blows to her sense of identity and self-esteem. Similarly a young Bama realized that she was an untouchable. Her anger at the upper caste who subjugated them and yet used them shamelessly is brought out in Bama’s account. In the throes of mental agony it is her brother who advises her to educate herself well so as to break the shackles of untouchability. Zitkala-sa and Bama grew up to be champions of equality. By writing about their experiences of societal discrimination they took to creating an equal, discrimination free society by creating awareness among their readers.

Answer 12.
Griffin was a genius, a student of science. He dreamed of becoming invisible so as to become all powerful. His untiring experiments made him realize this evil dream. Ironically invisibility proved very inconvenient to Griffin: People knocked into him on roads, the food and drink in his digestive tract could be spotted since it was visible. Moreover he could not bear the chill of England. Now he longed to reverse the experiment. To brave the cold he put on warm clothes, bandaged his face, stuck a fake pink nose on his face in order to appear normal. Thus his unnatural ambition reduced him to a caricature of a man physically but also degraded him morally and spiritually.
OR
Before coming to Raveloe, Silas Marner lived in a town called Lantern Yard. He was a weaver and a religious man. He was friendly and popular so that people loved him. He was engaged to Sara. William Dane was his trusted friend. Silas often suffered from epileptic fits. During these fits he lost all consciousness. His friend thought that he was possessed by Satan. During one such fit, William taking advantage of his unconscious state framed him as a thief. Silas was subsequently expelled on the charge of stealing money. He was embittered and lost all faith and trust. In such a mental state he arrived at Raveloe.

Answer 13.
In his pursuit of invisibility Griffin gradually loses all traces of humanity. He became isolated and hated people. His treatment with Marvel highlights his predilection for violence and abuse. He ill treats his father too by stealing his money. His father, commits suicide. Yet Griffin does not feel any remorse. He commits a burglary in Mr. Bunting’s house. He also harasses Mrs Hall many times by his rudeness and carelessness. Later he misuses Dr. Kemp who he sees as his enemy and declares to kill him. Thus Griffin is totally blinded by his pursuit of power and becomes a maniac.
OR
Nancy is a beautiful and charming girl from a rich family of Raveloe. She is caring. Godfrey loves and later marries. She has a strict moral upbringing and regards Godfrey’s flaws of character with disapproval. Yet she can’t help being flattered by Godfrey’s attention. Nancy carries herself gracefully in a lady like manner yet she is aware about her typical rural traits: her coarse hands betray her sophisticated manners. There is no denying her that physical beauty, height and upright posture and above all her moral sense were praiseworthy. After marriage, Nancy is stopped by her moral sense to adopt a child but she makes up to Godfrey for this lack in other ways. When she learns that Eppie is Godfrey’s daughter, she is moved by love and sympathy.

We hope the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Englsih Core Paper 1 help you. If you have any query regarding CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 English Core Paper 1, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 6 Chapter 2 Challenges to National Integration are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 6 Chapter 2 Challenges to National Integration.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 10
Subject	English Main Course Book
Chapter	Unit 6 Chapter 2
Chapter Name	Challenges to National Integration
Category	NCERT Solutions

CBSE Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 6 National Integration Chapter 2 Challenges to National Integration

TEXTUAL EXERCISES

Question 1.
Read the poem given below and answer the questions that follow.

Where the Mind is Without Fear
WHERE the mind is without fear and the head is held high Where knowledge is free
Where the world has not been broken up into fragments By narrow domestic walls
Where words come out from the depth of truth Where tireless striving stretches its arms towards perfection Where the clear stream of reason has not lost its way Into the dreary desert sand of dead habit –
Where the mind is led forward by thee
Into ever-widening thought and action
Into that heaven of freedom, my Father, let my country awake.
— Rabindranath Tagore

• Why does the poet say, ‘Where the mind is without fear’ ?
• What are the narrow domestic walls being referred to ?
• Why are they ‘narrow ’ ?
• How /when does the ‘clear stream of reason’ lose its way ?
• What is the poet’s appeal ?

Answer:

• The poet says this because there is no fear where he lives. There is no social division, no discrimination and no exploitation of man by man. There is freedom of every kind.
• The narrow domestic walls are referred to as superstitions, beliefs and narrow-mindedness. These lead to social or communal fragmentation.
• These walls are narrow because of religious narrow-mindedness and fanaticism. The ‘clear stream of reason’ loses its way into a fearful desert of fixed or narrow-minded ideas. In other words, dead ideas, old beliefs and superstitions blind the mind. In India these don’t choke rationality.
• The poet’s appeal is that his country, that is, India, should awake into the world of ever-widening thought and action. This world is heaven-like full of freedom and free of any religious fanaticism or narrow-mindedness.

Question 2.

SWOT ANALYSIS OF INDIA

S : Strengths
W : Weaknesses
O : Opportunities
T : Threats

SWOT analysis is a tool used to develop effective strategies and plans for the progress and development of organizations, companies, institutions and even individuals. Working in groups, identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for our country. Present your group’s views to the class. Your brief presentation should conclue with a ‘vision statement’ for India-where you want our country to be, say ten years from now and what we should do to achieve it.

Answer:

Students to work in groups under the guidance and supervision of the class teacher. The following information shall enable them to identify and discuss the issues convincingly and appropriately :

Strengths of our country

• consistence in developing stages
• endowed with rich natural resources
• good infrastructure
• industrialized with consistent industrial growth
• self-dependent in all aspects
• steady economic growth
• strategically and geographically located –
• all fields like industry, agriculture, medical, transport, business, defence, communication, information technology etc, progressing as per international standards
• a strong economy equal to that of China or other fast developing countries
• in the footsteps of being a major power in Asia
• youngest population in the world
• knowledge bank
• On the path to become an Asian super power

Weaknesses

• prevalence of corruption
• lack of transparency in administration
• possibility of communal riots due to religious fanaticism, bigotry etc.
• absence of nationalistic feelings among the masses, though utter patriotism during war and humanism during natural calamities
• regionalism, superstition, communalism, lingualism
• terrorism
• lack of accountability
• population, poverty, adulteration
• parochialism in religious matters
• political opportunism and nepotism
• lack of political willpower to set things right
• bad governance

Opportunities

• stability to be strengthened more
• strength to be an emerging Asian power
• national unity to be strengthened through music, art, literature, Bollywood etc.
• people hardworking, having the capacity to stand united in the face of threats to the country
• Indian population youngest in the world
• great knowledge and information technology bank
• strong diaspora abroad
• Indians strategic planners and innovative entrepreneurs

Threats

Internal — sabotages through various terror groups

— possibility of communal riots instigated by anti-social elements

— bickerings due to regionalism, lingualism, communalism etc, leading to communal riots

External — neighbour countries due to border disputes and political adventurism

Vision Statement

— to be self-dependent and self-reliant
— 100% literacy
— removal of poverty, ignorance
— getting rid of religious fanaticism, bigotry, religious intolerance and fanaticism
— good transport, all kinds of infrastructure
— exporting of food grains, knowledge, information technology
— food for all, shelter, clothes etc.
— to be equal with developed countries
— to make problem-free country, every Indian to feel proud of

What we should do to achieve it

• ensuring transparency in every work
• eliminating corruption
• introducing accountability
• ending nepotism in all fields
• talent recognition and rewarding
• to develop sound work culture
• political interference to end
• identifying problems with an open mind and without bias and solving them
• spreading means to boost and encourage feelings of national integration
• enhancing human values like love, fellow-feeling, honesty, uprightness and righteousness

Note : Students on their own can identify the problems and add their solutions from their own sides as they look at them. They can add to these some more points from their side.

Question 3.
On the basis of your reading of the passage answer the following questions by ticking the most appropriate options. Give reasons for your choices.

Answer:

1. (a) lack of formal education and riches
2. (c) austere
3. (c) withdrawal of train halt at Rameswaram station
4. (c) newspapers thrown from the moving train had to be collected
5. (b) it was the first wages he had earned
6. (b) father
7. (a) religious differences
8. (b) excellent ability to tell stories of historic importance
9. (a) as our new teacher understood it
10. (a) it was wrong on his part to discriminate on the basis of religion
11. (c) he encouraged people of different communities and castes to mix up freely
12. (a) she had understood and adopted her husband’s outlook on the oneness of mankind
13. (a) encourage him to be adventurous and fearless
14. (b) discrimination and boycott on the basis of one’s faith

Question 4.
Complete the following sentences.

(a) An example of the generosity and kindness of Kalam’s parents is …………….

(b) Kalam feels he had a very secure childhood because …………….

(c) The suspension of train halt at Rameswaram station proved to be a blessing in disguise for Kalam because …………….

(d) Kalam continues to feel proud about the money he had earned in childhood by picking up bundles of newspaper because …………….

(e) Some traits and values Kalam and his siblings inherited from their parents were …………….

(f) The salient feature of Kalam’s relationship with his three childhood friends was that …………….

(g) Two unique examples of communal harmony and brotherhood of mankind are …………….

(h) The nation should be wary of people like the grade V teacher of the narrator because…………….

(i) However, the country needs more and more people like Kalam’s Science teacher Sivasubramania and Kalam’s mother and grandmother because …………….

(j) Kalam’s second visit to his science teacher’s house surprised him because …………….

Answer:

(a) the feeding daily of the outsiders.

(b) his austere father provided all necessities in terms of food, medicine or clothes.

(c) he got a job of picking the bundles of newspapers thrown from the train. He felt pride in earning his own money for the first time.

(d) it was his own money earned by him through hard work.

(e) honesty, selfdiscipline, kindness, generosity, goodness etc.

(f) uf real brothers despite being different in religious beliefs.

(g) (i) Abdul Kalam’s family’s arranging boats for carrying idols of the Lord (Rama) from the temple to the marriage site.
(ii) Abdul Kalam’s mother’s and grandmother’s relating bed time stories to the children. These stories used to be from the Ramayana and the life of the Prophet.

(h) such people are a threat to the unity and integrity of the country as they spread social inequality. They create divisive valls and communal intolerance among the people through religious fanaticism and narrow-mindedness.

(i) these persons symbolise communal harmony, kindness, generosity and social tolerance. National integration is fully secure in the hands of such people.

(j) his wife herself took Abdul Kalam inside her kitchen and served him food with her own hands. Earlier, it was she who couldn’t tolerate even Abdul Kalam’s presence inside the kitchen, not to speak of feeding him.

Question 5.
Role Play :

Your teacher will divide the class into groups of four and ask them to act out the following roles :

Kalam
Ramanadha Sastry
Aravindan
Sivaprakasan

In your group you should play the role allocated to you by engaging in a conversation in which the friends

(a) Express surprise and joy at meeting each other after nearly fifty years
(b) Fondly recall their childhood times
(c) Compare the problems facing the country then with the problems she is facing now.
(d) Discuss what can be done to rid her of these problems (Refer to the SWOT analysis of India)

After the role play, your teacher will invite some of the groups to share with others what problems they discussed and the solutions they proposed.

Answer:
Students to role play as desired above. One version of one group is given below :

(a), (b) Kalarn : Oh What a pleasant surprise to meet after nearly fifty years !

Rarnanadha Sastry : ¡ never expected to see all of you as I am seeing now!

Ara vindan : I agree with you, Kalarn. No one knew that we all shall meet like this.

Sivaprakasan : Yes, it is a fact. You can guess how many of our childhood friends have met so far ! Really those days were very carefree and enjoyable ! Now it is truly amazing and exciting to meet together.

Kalarn : What times were those of our childhood ! We used to sit together, play and laugh together. Do you remember our new teacher who asked me to sit on the back bench?

Rainanadha Sasty : I can perceive how he felt ashamed of himself when my father asked him to either resign or apologise. He did a good thing to have regretted his lapse.

(c), (d) SiL’aprukasun : Our childhood days were really heavenly and worth relishing. As we grew up, we all separated. Kalam went out to pursue higher studies. T became a catering contractor for the Southern Railways. Ramanadha became the priest. I realize that times have changed now. Now there is fear in the hearts of all caused by regionalism, communalism, religious fanaticism, lingualism and above all terrorism.

Aravindan : I agree with Sivaprakasan. We have the problems of corruption, bribery, cheating, adulteration etc.

Kalam : These were not there in our childhood days. What makes mc sad is that we are slowly losing the moral values. These were everything in life in the past. But not now. In our childhood days we all were an integral part of one whole society. Now there are feelings of distrust, dishonesty and deception.

Swaprakasan : What pains me much is that we have become self-centred, selfish and opportunistic.

Rama nadha Sczstry : In our childhood days, these things were not known. Then we all had great respects for adults, grandparents, etc. But now the society is breaking up due to inhuman relationships.

Kalam : No doubt, social and familial values are changing. But what matters is that we still can set things right.. The problems pointed out by you facing the society and the country can be tackled successfully if we become honest to ourselves. We shall have to counter these problems by taking the help of the law. For instance, we shall have to report to the Anti-corruption Bureau about those demanding bribery ………..

Araujndan : I agree with ICalam. To counter these problems we first shall have to be fearless, upright and true to our consciences. These problems are essentially of a moral nature.

Sivaprakasan : These are problems of a different nature like poverty, hunger, communal riots, terrorism, religious intolerance, exploitation, child labour, regionalism etc.

Kalam. : These can be tackled by discussing across the table. India, you know, is great and has the capacity to get rid of these problems. We mustn’t forget that we all are the children of Mother india. We must sit together to thrash out their solutions and first make a plan.

Rurncznadha Sastry : I think we must provide measures for the people to create an emotional bond. Also we must unite them in one great emotional string through basic humanism.

Kalam. : i think we must create these values through education, constitution, art, literature, music, national festivals, flag, anthem, sports and Bollywood. What is needed is changing the vision of all towards the self, society and the country. After all, we must think that we arc a big family. The culture of such a family runs across different religions, cultures, beliefs, faiths etc.

All : We all must work towards building a great country through material progress and humanism. Humanism, you know, used to be our basic ideology and culture and it must continue.

Note : Teachers to invite some of the groups to share with others the problems discussed above and solutions proposed.

Question 6.

Diary Entry :

Suppose you are Kalam/Ramanadha Sastry. You are upset about being made to sit away from your best friend in the class. Write a diary entry expressing your feelings and reactions. In your diary entry you should

(a) Describe the incident briefly
(b) Say how you and your friend felt about it
(c) Decide what you are going to do about it

Answer:

Thursday, 13th January, 20 — 9.00 pm

I am very sad at what our new teacher has done. I and Ramanadha Sastry used to sit together in the front row in our classroom. No one had ever objected to our sitting together. Our new teacher looked at me wearing a cap and Ramanadha Sastry a sacred thread. It didn’t take him long to understand that I was a Muslim and Ramanadha Sastry, a Hindu. He didn’t like it and asked me to sit at the last bench. This made me sad and Ramanadha downcast. This action of the new teacher amounted to spreading the poison of social inequality and communal intolerance. This really broke our hearts as such things had never been known earlier among us in the island. Sadly the teacher later stood reformed after the elders intervened.

This action of our new teacher can’t be accepted as it amounts to breaking communal harmony of all castes, religions and faiths here. By this action the teacher aims at sowing the seeds of hatred, ill-will and fragmentation of the people. They have long been living like a big family. I am surely going to complain about this to our seniors who have always felt proud of living in complete harmony. This action should not be taken lightly as it aims at creating walls between Hindus and Muslims. Such a development is unhealthy for our society.

Kalam /Ramanadha Sastry

Things to do :

1. Narrate the incidents described in the memoir in the form of a comic strip
2. Make a short film on the incidents narrated in the memoir
3. Script and stage a skit on the incident that happened in Vgrade.

Note : Things to do : Teachers to organize these on their own at class level.

Question 7.
Vocabulary

Read each of the following sentences from the story and tick the word/phrase that gives the correct meaning for the italicized words/phrases in the context in which they are used here.

Answer:

1. → (a) came up
2. → (b) locate
3. → (c) victim
4. → (a) was found suitable for the purpose
5. → (a) tolerate
6. → (c) dejected
7. → (b) agitated
8. → (a) at hand

Question 8.
Phrases

Match the phrases in Column A with their meanings in Column B

Column A	Column B
(a) break out	(i) to try to find somebody or something
(b) to look for	(ii) as a rule or in general taking all relevant factors into account
(c) to take over	(iii) start suddenly and strongly
(d) to go into	(iv) to obtain or assume control of something, or gain control of something from somebody else
(e) on the whole	(v) to begin a job or career in a particular area of activity

Answer:

(a) → (iii)
(b) → (i)
(c) → (iv)
(d) → (v)
(e) → (ii)

Question 9.
Write a letter to the editor of a leading newspaper/an article for your school magazine on ‘Celebrating Diversity, but Working for Unity”

Answer:

198, Sector 14
Gurgaon
18th September, 20 – –
The Editor
The Daily Times
New Delhi

Subject : Celebrating Diversity, but Working for Unity

Dear Sir

Kindly publish the following views of mine on the above subject in the appropriate columns of your esteemed daily.

Life becomes beautiful if there is diversity but coupled with unity. If there were uniformity there could not be or have been any charm. This factor is available almost everywhere in nature, in animals and in human beings. So it must be and is in our beautiful country. All places, regions and human beings are not alike, yet they are the same. So we must celebrate this diversity but must work for national unity as we all are Indians—Children of the same mother, Mother India.

We all are the sons and daughters of our Mother India. We have different religions, sects or creeds, different festivals, different traditions, beliefs and customs, yet we are Indians. Our focus should be on celebrating this diversity. We should celebrate the festivals of other communities and live in perfect peace and harmony. For instance, if Muslims celebrate Diwali or Hindus celebrate Id or Christmas, love between them becomes all the more deep and cemented. Then we should partake in social functions like marriage, birthday celebrations or other joyous occasions of other neighbours belonging to different religions. This shall cement our relations at social level. But we should never forget that we all are Indians.

Thanking you
Yours faithfully
Praveen

Note : Students to write an Article as desired using the above matter under the format of an Article.

Question 10.
Assignments

1. If you were in the selection committee for the National Integration Award who would you choose and why ?
2. Design a stamp in honour of your hero that captures the important moment of his contribution. You could create a fictional hero also.

Answer:

1. In that case I would choose a person with the following attributes/qualities :

(a) He must have a broad outlook of life.
(b) He mustn’t be narrow-minded, communal, a religious fanatic, a linguist, an egoist, etc.
(c) He should have the capacity to inspire the people of all races. id) He must be altruistic, selfless and inspiring.
(e) He must be secular in his beliefs ; should be respectful to all religions, races and communities.
(f) He must not be superstitious, a bigot, exploiting or invested with vested interests.
(g) He must be trustworthy, dependable and a man of integrity.
(h) He must have the capacity to generate love in the masses for the country.

Note : Students may add a few more points from their own side.

2. Students to design a stamp as desired. They could consider the above points in drawing out their own stamps, as desired.

Question 11.
The following passage is an excerpt from an article presented by the author at a meeting organized to observe the national integration week (19-25 November) by the India— Canada Association and the High Commission of India on 25th Nov. 2009.

Read it carefully and answer the questions that follow :

CHALLENGES TO NATIONAL INTEGRATION

SUMMARY

Indian population comprises many different races, religions, cultures and languages. So national integration becomes very important. To ensure progress, all societies need to be brought into one single nation with a national consciousness. National integration should aim at improving socio-cultural relations, reducing economic inequalities and strengthening unity and solidarity. The forces that challenge national integration are : regionalism, communalism, religious fanaticism, lingualism and terrorism. The feeling that nation comes first is no more very important. People with personal and vested interests threaten the national integration.

Regional aspirations of the people may be dangerous for the country as these can break it up. Communalism may encourage communal riots. Religious fanaticism is equally dangerous for national integration. India is a secular country but this has not solved all problems. Mahatma Gandhi said that he was a Hindu, a Moslem, a Jew, a Christian, a Buddhist. Nehru was horrified at the spectacle of religion and condemned it. Religion for him stood for dogma, bigotry, superstition, exploitation and the preservation of vested interests. Rabindranath Tagore held humanity above anything else.

To achieve national integration we must identify the force that binds the people of the country and creates an emotional bond. Constitution, territorial continuity, art, literature, music, national festivals, national flag, anthem, sports and Bollywood can be exploited to promote national integration. Economic development of the regions should be of primary importance. The education system should be revised with the aim of fostering national integration. Means in education should be adopted to instil a sense of belonging and unity in the mind from childhood. The American song by Paul Robeson is very appropriate in this context. It, metaphorically, sees all the people in one boat.

The writer thinks that one important point is there for national integration that is often ignored. Exercise of power or authority may be successful temporarily but fails in the long run. Internal freedom of the people must be attained first. This is a mind free of selfish ego and aware of basic values and humanity in general. Such a free mind remains open to other cultures, religions and languages. It also accepts different people of the country.

Question 12.
Based on your reading of the passage answer the following questions :

(a) Why is national integration important for a country like India ?
(b) What are the aims of national integration ?
(c) What are the forces that challenge national integration ?
(d) What are the steps that we should take to strengthen the nation and its unity ?
(e) How can we bind the people of the country and ci^am an emotional bond ?
(f) How can we attain internal freedom for the people of the country ?

Answer:

(a) National integration is important for a country, like India because it has different races, religions, cultures and language groups of its population.

(b) The aims of national integration are : improving socio-cultural relations ; reducing economic inequalities ; and strengthening unity and solidarity.

(c) These forces are : regionalism ; communalism, religious fanaticism ; lingualism, terrorism.

(d) First, we must identify the force that may blissfully bind the people of the country. We should create an emotional bond and help them share common ideas and values,

(e) We can bind the people of the country in one thread. We can also create an emotional bond through art, literature, music, national festivals, national flag, anthem, sports and finally, Bollywood.

(f) We can attain internal freedom by creating the importance of basic values of life. These are : humanity, mutual love, respect, trust and the feelings of‘ownness’. We should try to create a ‘true mind’ which accepts different people of the country.

Question 13.
Read the passage carefully and familiarize yourself with the new words used in the passage by working out their meanings. Match the words in column A with their meanings in column B.

Column A	Column B
(a) foster	(i) the act of accepting someone as a part of a group
(b) pernicious	(ii) excessive enthusiasm for an extreme political or religious cause
(c) integration	(iii) encourage the development of
{d) fanaticism	(iv) agreement and support resulting from shared interests, feelings or opinions
(e) solidarity	(v) having a harmful effect.

Answer:

(a) → (iii)
(b) → (iv)
(c) → (i)
(d) → (ii)
(e) → (iv)

Question 14.
Organize a group discussion on the topic : “Destabilizing Forces Within a Country : Challenges to a Nation”.
Answer:
Teachers to supervise the GD as desired in this question. A sample ofGD on the topic is given below :

A : There is no doubt that today the country faces the challenge of breaking or weakening the country by some destabilizing forces. These are operating within it. These threaten the national integration and the very roots that make the country great. These challenges are : regionalism, communalism, religious fanaticism, lingualism, terrorism etc.

B : I would say that the most ferocious destabilizing force of all these is terrorism. It is the most violent and destructive and a threat to our age-old culture.

C : I agree with B that terrorism has now become the worldwide force to destabilize the world peace. No one knows how many innocent lives will have to be sacrificed before this monster is wiped out completely and peace is restored throughout the world.

D : I think other forces than terrorism are not less in unrest and destruction. We need to identify and isolate the causes that are behind regionalism, communalism, religious fanaticism etc.

C : I find it very amazing what the people causing communal riots on frivolous bases gain from them. I personally feel that they simply become the leaders of a few like-minded persons. For instance, what do I gain if I say something undesirable against a community’s faith or religion ?

A : C is right but he must know that such anti-social elements have no aim except to cause bloodshed among different communities. This they do by causing hatred among them.

B : Terrorism is an extremist’s tool to create hatred and deaths. And its gain is nothing but misguiding the innocent youth by brainwashing. If one terrorist’s group says that the suicide bomber gets to heaven if he plants a bomb and kills innocent lives, it is simply a trick. How can one get to heaven after one dies ? And if one dies finally what use is to get to heaven ? Or does heaven exist ? Such questions negate the ideology of these persons whose aim is to merely destabilize the country. What is needed is the application of mind to the terrorists’ idealogue of brainwashing.

D : I personally feel that we need to identify the forces that blissfully bind the people of the country. These create an emotional bond and help them share common ideas and values. These are like art, music, literature, national functions relating to national flag, anthem, sports and finally Bollywood …. These can be attained through various means.

A : I would further say that we can cement the forces of our being children of our Mother India by celebrating the festivals of all communities. Secondly, we must create an education system that enhances the humanism, fellow-feeling, compassion, pity, mutual trust and faith ….

B : I agree with A. In addition, I would say that we must aim at the economic development of all communities. We should nurture a feeling that they all are not aliens but our own if they have a different faith, caste, creed or religion. After all, they are human beings, born of this soil. They are the faithful soldiers to protect the Motherland.

C : For this I would say that the destabilizing and destructive elements that threaten the unity and oneness of the people of the country should be identified. They must be condemned publicly. At the same time, these should be tackled through legal provisions. After all, what one takes after one dies ! We must understand the value of peace and prosperity in ‘Vasudhev Kutumbkam’… .

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 6 Chapter 2 Challenges to National Integration help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 6 Chapter 2 Challenges to National Integration, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 6 Chapter 1 Unity in Diversity are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 6 Chapter 1 Unity in Diversity.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 10
Subject	English Main Course Book
Chapter	Unit 6 Chapter 1
Chapter Name	Unity in Diversity
Category	NCERT Solutions

CBSE Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 6 National Integration Chapter 1 Unity in Diversity

TEXTUAL EXERCISES

Question 1.
During the journey, Rohan and Rajini both note down the information they gather about the states they travel through. When they return they jot down this information.

Working with your partner, choose any one journey and complete the grid for them. You may access the internet or refer to hooks in the library to complete your grid.

• The states that they pass through.
• The variety of languages they hear.
• The local cuisines they enjoy.
• The local handicrafts they buy for their family from each of the states they pass through.
• The weather they experience.

STATE	LANGUAGE	CUISINE	HANDICRAFTS	WEATHER

Answer:

STATE	LANGUAGE	CUISINE	HANDICRAFTS	WEATHER
Jammu & Kashmir	Kashmiri, Dogri, Laddakhi, Balti	Kashmiri Dum aloo, Gustaba Tabakmas, Kahwa	Carpets, shawls	Summers are pleasant Winters are cold
Punjab	Punjabi, Hindi	Roti, Paratha, Chole, Rajma, Dal, Rice	Woollen blankets, carpets	Weather changes with season, hot, cold, rainy, spring
Haryana	Hindi, Haryanvi, Punjabi	Roti, dal, vegetables, milk and its various products	Earthen pottery, moorah making, khes, dari etc.	Changes according to season
Uttar Pradesh	Hindi and Urdu	Vegetarian, Mughlai and Tandoori dishes	Wood furniture, brass vessels, locks, marble- ware	Cold winters, hot Summers
Rajasthan	Rajasthani & Hindi	Dal-bati-ehoorma and other vegetarian dishes	Tie & Dye work, woollen carpets, gharai kagzi pottery	Very hot in Summer a little cold in winter
Gujrat	Gujrati and Hindi	Roti, dal, kadhi, basundi, malpua, puran poli, Thepla	Furniture, clay items, stone craft, embroidery	Winter pleasant Summer very hot
Maharashtra	Marathi, Hindi, Urdu	Vegetarian, Bhelpuri and Tandoori non-veg. Cuisine	Paithani, chandrakala, Dharwadi sarees, copper and zinc vessels	Summer are hot Winters are pleasant
Karnataka	Kannada	Dosa, idli, wada, sambar, rice etc.	Silk sarees and handicrafts	Pleasant Winters hot Summers
Kerala	Malayalam	Rice, fish, coffee, home made snacks including banana chips	Dress of Kerala, Clothing is quite simple and typi cally untailored. Men wear shirt and dhoti and women Wear sarees.	Hot Summers and pleasant winter

Question 2.
What conclusions do you draw from Rohan and Rajini’s experience ?
Answer:
India is a big country. There is a great deal of variety in the clothes they wear and the food they eat. There are different creeds. Festivals are dedicated to seasons and harvests. There is a heartening feeling of pride in these festivals. In spite of the great variety, there is great unity among its people. They live in perfect communal harmony.

Question 3.
Present your conclusions to the class.
Answer:
Please do it on your own.

Question 4.
Where are they from ?
Answer:
Mainly meant for class.
Class-room activity

1. Speaker A : Gujarat
2. Speaker B : Karnataka
3. Speaker C : West Bengal
4. Speaker D : Uttrakhand

Question 5.
Look at the pictures given below. Decide in your group which regions the six photos probably come from. Explain why you think so and find out from your teacher if you were correct. Then write a short caption for each photograph. It can be serious or funny.

Answer:

The architecture of the building in picture no. 1 gives the idea that it may be a Hindu temple. The tall but not round structure at the top is much like what we find in Hindu temples. It has a sanctum sanatorium in which the idol of the chief deity is installed.

The picture no. 2 seems to be a mausoleum. It is so because there is no place for prayer etc, which is the hallmark of a religious place. Or it may be burj of a palace in Rajasthan.

Picture no. 3 is clearly a folk dance. The dresses of the girl and the boy brings to mind Maharashtra. Hence it is very likely to be a folk dance of Maharashtra.

Picture no. 4 is a tea garden. Such tea gardens are found in Assam or Darjeeling or Ootacumand in Tamil Nadu.

Picture no. 5 gives the picture of a river and a series of temples by its side. It is a religious place, Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 6 Introduction are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 6 Introduction.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 10
Subject	English Main Course Book
Chapter	Unit 6
Chapter Name	Introduction
Category	NCERT Solutions

CBSE Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 6 National Integration Introduction

INTRODUCTION

SUMMARY

It was 1984, Wing Commander Rakesh Sharma went into the space. Indian Tricolour was attached on his space suit. Mrs. Gandhi asked him how India looked from space. He replied ‘best of the world’.

Rakesh Sharma had only one worry. When man reaches the other planets, he should not take the conflicts on the earth with him over there.

Question 1.
Do you think moments of glory make people more patriotic ?

Recall more such moments.

• The Indian flag was hoisted on the highest mountain peak of the world, Mount Everest on 29th May 1953.
• When the National Anthem plays during Olympics.

Answer:

• When the name of a great Indian like Gandhi is recalled on an international stage.
• When India’s great philosophy is recalled.
• When Kalpana Chawla went into space.
• When India won World-cup in Cricket.
• When India won Kargil war.
• When Abhinav Bindra won gold medal in 2008 Beijinig Olympic.
• When India wins cricket match with Pakistan.
• National Anthem was played in following Olympics (for gold medals) :

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 6 Introduction help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 6 Introduction, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 5 Chapter 4 Promoting Tourism are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 5 Chapter 4 Promoting Tourism.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 10
Subject	English Main Course Book
Chapter	Unit 5 Chapter 4
Chapter Name	Promoting Tourism
Category	NCERT Solutions

CBSE Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 5 Travel and Tourism Chapter 4 Promoting Tourism

TEXTUAL EXERCISES

Question 1.
Based on your reading of the article above, answer the following questions :

1. What evidence does the author provide to support his view that our efforts to attract foreign tourists have been unsuccessful ?
2. What, according to you, may be the reasons for such a bleak scenario ?
3. What is the shift in tourism policy recommended by the author ? What are his arguments for such a shift ?
4. What are the two initiatives taken by Karnataka that signify marked change in its marketing strategy ?
5. Why have Kerala’s tourism figures grown while those of some other states have remained static ?
6. Why does the author say that we should now make efforts to attract the domestic traveller ? What are the areas that we should focus on to achieve it ?
7. Why does the author say, “Clearly Tourism, like Charity, begins at home ?”

Answer:

1. Our efforts to attract foreign tourists have been constantly unsuccessful. The evidence is that Malaysia and China entered the tourism market much after India. But in 2009. Malaysia had 23.6 million foreign arrivals and China 50.9 million. On the other hand, India had just 5.1 million tourists.

2. The reason for this bleak scenario is that India has been courting the wrong tourist. We have been running after aggressive looking foreign tourists who come in small number. Their own countries are hit by recession. They are very demanding too. We have not been trying to get tourists from countries such as China, Russia and South America.

3. The author recommends the shift. He wants to give more importance to the domestic tourist. He cites Homa Mistry’s (CEO of Travel Corporation of India) efforts. Homa Mistry doubled the business from the new markets of China, Russia and South America and of course the domestic tourists.

4. Karnataka has effected the change too. Formerly the state of Karnataka ran Golden Chariot Tourist train for foreigners only. Now it runs Jewel of the South tour for well- off Indian tourists also. Karnataka has another attraction for rich and young Indian tourists. It is Jungle Camps and Trails. It is a new version of Jungle Lodges and Resorts which were made for the foreigners. These two things signify a marked change in Karnataka’s marketing strategy.

5. Kerala’s tourism figures have grown while those of some other states have remained static. This has happened because Kerala’s Tourism secretary, Dr. Venu has shifted his focus. In 2006-07, Kerala targeted 60% international and 40% domestic tourists. He allocated the state’s tourism resources accordingly. He organised partnership meets in non-metro cities all around India. These meets were between the tourism professionals of Kerala and those cities. The result was that the tourism figures in Kerala grew while they remained unchanged in many states. These were the states which still depended on small and uncertain foreign market.

6. The author gives arguments in support of his contention. The contention is that greater emphasis should be laid to attract domestic tourists. In 2009 India received 5.11 million foreign tourists. On the other hand, more than 11 million Indians went as tourists to foreign markets. If we concentrate on improving facilities for the domestic tourist, the outflow of Indian tourists and rupees will reduce. Better infrastructure such as roads, airports, hygiene will also attract more international visitors. So these are the areas we should focus on.

7. The author says that tourism like charity begins at home. He means that first we should create tourist facilities for the domestic tourist. Madhya Pradesh is one of those states which realised this truth early. Their ‘Heart of India’ campaign and its current version targeted the domestic traveller. So the domestic tourist flocked to Madhya Pradesh and the others followed.

Question 2.
Find words or phrases from the passage that mean the same as the following.

(a) to renovate, redo, or revise (paragraph 1)
(b) trying to win the favor, preference, or goodwill of (paragraph 1)
(c) come in small numbers (paragraph 4)
(d) well-off; rich (paragraph 5)
(e) friendly (paragraph 6)
(f) wanting or enjoying expensive pleasures (paragraph 6)

Answer:

(a) → Revamp
(b) → Re-woo
(c) → Trickling
(d) → Well-heeled
(e) → Affable
(f) → Sybaritic.

Question 3.
Imagine that you are the Director of the Department of Tourism of the State of Palwal Pradesh. You have recently received the following letter from the Minister of Tourism.
Answer:
Please read the letter carefully. It will help us in answering question no. 5.

Question 4.
In section D.6 you will write the report asked for. First though, it is necessary to study the following statistics and draw appropriate conclusions. Work in groups of four. Discuss the three figures in this section and the questions that follow each figure, and write notes to answer those questions. (Contrary to the recent trends, foreign tourists visiting Palwal Pradesh outnumber domestic tourists).

1. What has been the general trend in the number of tourists visiting Palwal Pradesh over the last five years ?
2. Which groups have shown increases, and by how much ?
3. Suggest reasons for the changes over the last five years, for both groups of tourists.

Answers

1. The general trend in the number of tourists has been that the number of tourists, both Indian and foreigners, has been increasing.
2. Foreign tourists have shown more increases. Their number during the last five years has increased from 40000 to 1,00,000.
3. The chief reasons for the changes are :

I. Foreign Tourists :

(a) The Government has exposed the country’s tourist spots very favourably. This has attracted a large number of foreign tourists to visit India.

(b) There is now an increased awareness of our country as a tourist destination in the foreign countries. Due to this the tourists want to know more about India and its age-old culture.

(c) An increased number of five and four-star hotels and other good quality hotels— both private and Government—have come out at the tourist spots during the last decade.

(d) Many reputed Travel Agencies have also sprung up. They have a contact with their counterparts in other countries. They take every care to make the visit of the foreign tourists comfortable by arranging package tours.

II. Indian Tourists :

(a) At local level there has grown a public awareness for tourism within the country. Consequently, many middle class families have started local sight-seeing.

(b) Various government schemes like Leave Travel Concession to govt, employees, subsidized and concessional travel to students etc, for educational tours have contributed to the increase of tourists.

(c) Improvement in the standard of living is also a positive factor in this direction. It has definitely boosted tourism.

1. For each group of tourists, which is the most popular type of accommodation ?
2. How many tourists of each group stayed in these most popular types of accommodation ?
3. Suggest why different types of accommodation are popular with different types of tourists.

Answer:

1. For Indian tourists guest houses are the most popular type of accommodation. For foreign tourists 5 and 4 star hotels are the most popular type of accommodation.

2. 25000 Indian tourists stayed in the guest houses. 47000 foreign tourists stayed in 5 and 4 star hotels.

3. Guest houses are popular with Indian tourists because of two reasons. First, they are affordable. Secondly, the atmosphere and the fobd are to their taste.

Four and five star accommodation is popular with the foreigners because this caters to their different needs. Besides the modern facilities, these hotels provide each foreigner the food of his/her choice.

Type of accommodation	Number	Total number of beds	Occupancy rate (in%)
5 star hotels	3	780	85
4 star hotels	5	500	92
3 star hotels	10	350	65
1 and 2 star hotels	16	465	82
Guest houses	32	255	78
Youth hostels	13	780	95

Fig. 3 Types of accommodation (this year’s figures)

1. What does the final column mean ? Why is it important ?
2. There are three 5 star hotels and 13 youth hostels, yet each type of accommodation has the same number of beds. Explain.
3. Which are the two most popular types of accommodation ?
4. Which types of accommodation have occupancy rates of 85% or over ?

Answer:

1. The final column shows how far the available accommodation is being used. So it gives us valuable information. It is important when we plan to create additional accommodation. We should first create the type of accommodation which is much in demand.
2. It means that a 5 star hotel has at an average 260 beds. On the other hand, a youth hostel has at an average only 60 beds.
3. The two most popular types of accommodation are the 5 star hotels and youth hostels.
4. 5-star hotels, 4-star hotels and youth hostels have occupancy rates of 85% or over.

Question 5.
Work with a partner to write the report asked for in D.4. You are the Director of Tourism for Palwal Pradesh. Make sure that ……

• you answer all the questions raised by the Minister.
• you quote from the statistics in Q.4 to support the points you make.
• you follow the report format and style in Q.6 below.
• you use the language advice given in Q.7 below.

First study Q.6 and Q.7. Then (working in pairs) write your report.

Question 6.

Report
From : Shankar Murti, Director of Tourism, Palwal Pradesh
To : Minister of Tourism, Palwal Pradesh
Date : 3 March, 20 – –

A study of the present trends of tourism in Palwal Pradesh, their main features and projections for 10 years’ time

Sir

The following are our findings and suggestions.

1. Current trends : The current trends show that the number of foreign tourists visiting Palwal Pradesh has been constantly increasing. It has increased from 40000 to 1,00,000 in the last five years. On the other hand the number of Indian tourists has been rising and falling. During that same five year’s time, their number has increased from 25000 to about 50000.

1.1. Origin of tourists : So the trend suggests that most of the tourists to Palwal Pradesh are of foreign origin.

1.2. Accommodation : Currently, there seems to be just enough accommodation for both types of tourists. The preferred destination of the foreign tourist has mainly been 5 star and 4 star hotels. Of the 780 beds available in five star hotels, the occupancy rate has been 85% while of the 400 beds of 4 star hotels, it has been 92%. For the domestic tourist, the preferred accommodation has been youth hostels and 1 star hotels.

This is hardly surprising because domestic tourists cannot afford luxury accommodation. They prefer to spend less on accommodation.

2. Predictions for 10 years in the Future :

2.1. Origin of Tourists : The indications are that the number of foreign tourists may go up to 6 lac by the end of the next ten years. If the present trend continues, the number of domestic tourists may rise to one lac.

2.2. Accommodation : Palwal Pradesh has to increase the accommodation. The biggest increase is needed in the number of 4 star hotels. Their number must increase from the present no. 5 to 30-35 in ten years. The number of 5 star hotels should increase from 3 to 18-20. 1, 2 and 3 star hotels are being taken by both groups of tourists. So their number should increase in the same proportion ie, about 6 times each. The same thing is true of guest houses. However, the greatest need is to increase the number of youth hostels which should be increased from 13 to 32.

3. Recommendations : There has been a steady rise in the number of foreign tourist. So special attention should be given to create facilities for them.

To attract the domestic tourists, more youth hostels and single star accommodation be created.

I am confident of a good tourism future of Palwal Pradesh.
(Signature)
(Shankar Murti)
Director of Tourism
Palwal Pradesh

Question 7.
In your written report, you will find the following language useful:
when describing trends and changes
Answer:
No question asked.

Question 8.
A Final Check….
Before you hand in your report:

1. Have you answered all the questions in the Minister’s letter in D.4 ?
2. Have you proof-read your report for accuracy in grammar, spelling and punctuation ?
3. Is your report written in a simple, easy-to-read, interesting style ?
4. Have you asked a classmate to read your report, and give you feedback on it ?

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 5 Chapter 4 Promoting Tourism help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 5 Chapter 4 Promoting Tourism, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 6 Chapter 4 Mile Sur Mera Tumhara are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 6 Chapter 4 Mile Sur Mera Tumhara.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 10
Subject	English Main Course Book
Chapter	Unit 6 Chapter 4
Chapter Name	Mile Sur Mera Tumhara
Category	NCERT Solutions

CBSE Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 6 National Integration Chapter 4 Mile Sur Mera Tumhara

TEXTUAL EXERCISES

Question 1.
Jog your memory for interesting and memorable slogans you may have come across :
Answer:

Airlines Slogan :	‘The Joy of Flying’ ‘A Great Way To Fly’ ‘Lower Fares, Fewer Restrictions’
Adult Education Campaign Slogan :	‘Each One Teach One’.
Struggle For Independence Slogan :	‘Jai Hind’, ‘Dilli Chalo‘Bande Matrarri
Polio Eradication Slogan :	‘Do Boond Jindagi Ki’
Eye Donation Slogan :	‘LIGHT up A Life, Donate Your EYE’
Blood Donation Slogan :	‘Your One Drop Can Save A Life’ ‘Donate Blood, Save Lives’

Question 2.
Look at the pictures given below, frame short, interesting and creative slogans :

Answer:

(a) ‘When You Educate A Girl Child, You Educate A Nation’.
(b) ‘Follow Traffic Rules, Save Your Future’.
(c) ‘AIDS, Ending The Silence : Listen, Learn, Live’.
(d) ‘From Kashmir To Kanyakumari, We Are One’.

Question 3.
Work with your partner and write six prominent features of Indian identity.

Answer:

MILE SUR MERA TUMHARA

Question 4.
‘Ek sur’ (meaning One Tune) or ‘Mile Sur Mera Tumhara’ as it is better known, is an Indian song and accompanying video feature promoting national integration and unity in diversity.
Answer:
No questions asked

SUMMARY

Making of ‘Ek Sur’ or ‘Mile Sur Mera Tumhara’

‘Ek Sur’ or ‘Mile Sur Mera Tumhara’ is an Indian song with Video. Its main aim was to promote national integration and oneness of India. The concept of this song was developed by Lok Seva Sanchar Parishad in 1988. It was promoted by Doordarshan and India’s Ministry of Information. Ashok Patki composed this song. It was co-composed and arranged by Louis Banks and written by Piyush Pandey. It was a project conceived and directed by Suresh Mullick. A group of people including musicians, sportsmen, film stars etc, participated in the recording of this song.

Aim of ‘Mile Sur’ Mera Tumhara

This national integration video aimed at creating a feeling of pride and promoting unity among Indians and highlighting the different communities and societies of India. You can call it ‘India’s Unity In Diversity’.

First Telecast

‘Mile Sur’ was telecast for the first time on 15th August 1988, after the telecast of the Prime Minister’s speech from the ramparts of the Red Fort. This song enchanted the people of India. It achieved and maintained near anthem status. The words of this song are unique. Only one phrase ie, ‘Mile Sur Mera Tumhara, to sur Bane Hamara’ meaning ‘When my musical note and your musical note mingle, it becomes our musical note’-has been repeated in fourteen Indian Languages. It ends by fading into the final musical notes of the Indian National Anthem—‘Jana Gana Mana’.

Languages in ‘Mile Sur …’

Fourteen Indian languages used in this song are : Hindi, Kashmiri, Urdu, Punjabi, Sindhi, Tamil, Kannada, Telugu, Malayalam, Bangla, Assamese, Oriya, Gujarati and Marathi.

Phir Mile Sur Mera Tumhara-Second Version :

After twenty years of the original first public appearance, the song was re-recorded with an updated cast for telecast on the Republic Day ie, 26 January, 2010 by Zoom TV. Title of this new version is ‘Phir Mile Sur Mera Tumhara’.

Many Indian musicians, singers, sports- persons and film personalities of the present generation have participated in the new version. It runs for 16 minutes 17 seconds longer than old version which was of 6 min 9 sec.

It has been directed by Kailash Surendra- nath who had produced the original version of ‘Mile Sur Mera Tumhara’. Its music composer is Louis Banks. He had also re-composed the original song.

Meaning of the Song

The meaning of the song is : ‘When my musical note and your musical note merge, it becomes our musical note. The brooks of music notes are flowing from every direction. They will merge into the sea finally. Then, they will pour down in the form of rain clouds’.

Question 5.
Arrange a video viewing of both the versions of ‘Mile Sur\ Later you may produce your own version of the song for presentation in the morning assembly.
Answer:
Students’ activity.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 6 Chapter 4 Mile Sur Mera Tumhara help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 6 Chapter 4 Mile Sur Mera Tumhara, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 5 Chapter 3 The Emerald Islands are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 5 Chapter 3 The Emerald Islands.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 10
Subject	English Main Course Book
Chapter	Unit 5 Chapter 3
Chapter Name	The Emerald Islands
Category	NCERT Solutions

CBSE Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 5 Travel and Tourism Chapter 3 The Emerald Islands

TEXTUAL EXERCISES

Question 1.
Articles are often divided into parts to help the reader. Given below are the subheadings of the eight paragraphs given in a jumbled order. Match the paragraphs with the subheadings.

1. Southern paradise.
2. Life of harmony.
3. Showcasing the culture and spirit of A&N.
4. Links with freedom struggle.
5. Sea sports, farms and temples.
6. Indigenous population and settlers.
7. Flora and fauna.
8. Get to know the Emerald Islands.

Answer:

1. → Paragraph 6
2. → Paragraph 4
3. → Paragraph 8
4. → Paragraph 2
5. → Paragraph 5
6. → Paragraph 3
7. → Paragraph 7
8. → Paragraph 1

Question 2.
When people are not very familiar with a language, they will sometimes explain words by paraphrasing them. Match the words in the box to the paraphrases below. Check in the dictionary if you are not sure.

1. It’s a tropical tree, found near water, whose twisted roots grow partly above ground.
2. It refers to the shape of an area of land, including its hills, valleys etc.
3. It is an area of sea in which there are many small islands.
4. It is a group of similar things that are close together.
5. It is to describe the course of a river, coast line or path that turns a lot.
6. This is to exist in an unpleasant or unwanted situation.
7. They are all the animals that live wild in a particular area.
8. It is an activity that involves swimming underwater using a breathing device.
9. A type of prison, which is often in a place far away from other people.
10. This is a person or living thing that has existed in a country or continent since the earliest time known to people.

Answer:

1. → 4 mangrove
2. → topography
3. → archipelago
4. → cluster
5. → meandering
6. → languish
7. → fauna
8. → snorkeling
9. → penal
10. → aboriginal

Question 3.
On the basis of your reading of the passage complete the “Mindmap” given below :
Answer:


Question 4.
Dr. Varun is a tourist on a visit to the awesome Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Maiguru is his tour guide. Dr. Varun wishes to know about the history and social life of the Islands and the best places to visit during his trip. Based on the “Mindmap” you have prepared, write and act out a short dialogue between them. You can choose a partner for this activity.

Answer:

Dr. Varun : Please tell me something about the history and social life of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Maiguru : Andaman Islands have been a settlement of aboriginal tribes. These tribes are of Negrito origin. The tribes of Nicobar are of Mongoloid stock. Mythologically, the name Andaman comes from Hanuman. Later on there have been settlements from mainland of India. The social life is very peaceful here. People of all faith such as Hindus, Muslims, Christians and Sikhs etc, live here in complete peace and harmony. Inter-religion and inter-regional marriages are common. Because of such a way of life, one can see a Mini-India here living in peace and communal harmony.

Dr. Varun : That’s wonderful. Now tell me something about the places I should visit.

Maiguru : Andaman and Nicobar islands are full of scenic beauty. However, I tell you about some most important places of tourist interest. First you must visit the Cellular Jail. This is the place where the freedom-fighters of India were sent to languish. Every evening, there is a Sound and Light show which brings alive the struggle of those revolutionaries. Then you must visit MGMN Park at Wandoor. This large park is made-up of open sea, creeks and 15 small and large islands. Here you have a wonderful view of marine life through glass bottom boats, Scuba diving and snorkeling. The park offers amusement rides, safe water sports, nature trails and historic ruins of a Japanese Temple.

Other places, almost equally interesting are Chidiya Tapu, Collinpur, Madhuban and Mt. Harriet.

Question 5.
Overawed by the beauty of the Islands, Dr. Varun writes an e-mail to his sister Ishita who promptly responds. Draft this exchange of e-mails between them.
Answer:

Dear Ishita

In this e-mail I am describing about the great and unique Andaman Islands. These islands are rightly called Emerald Islands. They are full of flowers and birds unknown in the mainland. The coastline is made of coconut trees. Underwater marine life and corals are the rare gifts of these islands.

Moreover, the Andamans have a historical link too. The British made a special jail here known as Cellular Jail for those who fought for the freedom of the country. Prisoners were sent here to languish in it. Chidiya Tapu, Collinpur, Madhuban and Mount Harriet are Southern Paradise. Collinpur has a beautiful sandy beach. Madhuban is a superb trekking area. If one is interested in seeing the marine life one can snorkel, ride in glass bottom boats and do Scuba diving. Mount Harriet is an ideal place for a bird’s eye-view of the outer islands and the sea.

I am eagerly awaiting your reply. I am confident that you will visit this beautiful place soon.

Varun

Question 6.
Imagine that Class X of your school is planning a trip to Andaman and Nicobar Islands from 25th Dec to 01st Jan. Based on your reading of the text and your imagination complete the following itinerary :

25th Dec : fly from the nearest airport. to Port Blair

2th Dec : (morning) : ………………
(afternoon) : ………………
(evening) : Sound and Light Show at Cellular Jail

27th Dec : (morning) : take bus to National Park at Wandoor
(afternoon) : ………………
(evening) : enjoy local cuisine at hotel

28th Dec : (morning) : visit the Chidiya Tapu to observe the magnificent birds
(afternoon) : ………………
(evening)

29th Dec : (morning) ………………
(afternoon) : free to explore local market
(evening) : ………………

30th Dec : (morning) ………………
(afternoon): Island Tourism Festival
(evening) : ………………

31st Dec : (morning) : relaxed Breakfast at hotel
(afternoon) : ………………
(evening) : cultural evening at hotel to celebrate New Year Eve

1st Jan : (morning) : by bus to Katchal for
(afternoon) : transfer to Airport to reach home destination

Answer:
25th Dec : fly from the nearest airport to Port Blair

26th Dcc : (morning) : Check in Hotel
(afternoon): Visit Sippighat Farm
(evening:) : Sound and Light Show at Cellular Jail

27th Dec : (morning) : take bus to National Park at Wandoor
(afternoon) : Science Centre
(evening): enjoy local cuisine at hotel

28th Dec : (morning) : visit the Chidiya Tapu to observe the magnificent birds
(afternoon): Gandhi Park at Port Blair
(evening): Visit Science Centre

29th Dec : (morning): Visit to Mad huban by ferry and you can do trekking
(afternoon) : free to explore local market
(evening): Visit to Baratang

30th Dec : (morning): Visit to Mt Harriet
(afternoon): Island Tourism Festival
(evening): Free Explore Town

31st Dec : (morning) : relaxed Breakfast at hotel
(afternoon): Visit Collinpur, watch sunset
(evening): cultural evening at hotel to celebrate New Year Eve

1 st Jan : (morning) : by bus to Katchal for forest drive
(afternoon) : transfer to Airport to reach home destination

Question 7.
Read the tourist brochure brought out by the Rajasthan Travels Guide, describing Jaipur and the surrounding area.
Answer:
no questions asked

Question 8.
Prepare a similar brochure for the Andaman and Nicobar islands. Besides using the information from the passage given in this section (C. 1), you will have to gather more information about the history, mode of travel, accommodation etc. Work ingroups of 4-5 to prepare the brochure. Please keep in mind the following attributes of a brochure :

• Introduction
• Local Attractions
• General Information
• Sightseeing
• How to Reach
• Cuisine
• Accommodation
• Shopping
• Intercity Travel
• Appropriate closing sentence

Answer:

Introduction

Andaman and Nicobar Islands are an archipelago of 572 emerald islands, islets and rocks. It is stretched over an area of 700 kms from north to south. It has 36 inhabited islands. These islands are covered with dense forests. There is also an endless variety of flowers and birds. The topography is hilly. The beaches are fringed with beautiful coconut palms. The sea around is suitable for water sports. Nature lovers come here searching absolute peace in the lap of nature.

General Information

Andamans and Nicobars are very much isolated from the mainland India. Hence they have retained much of their pristine beauty. They have still not been much polluted by the tourists and other things. Here you find Hindus, Muslims, Christians and Sikhs living in complete peace and harmony.

How to Reach

The best way to reach these islands is to take a flight to Port Blair.
Port Blair can be reached from Kolkata. Delhi and Chennai by air.

By Boat
One can travel over sea to Port Blair from Kolkata. Chennai and Vishakhapatnam. In total, there are usually 4 to 6 sailings a month between Port Blair and the Indian mainland—once every two weeks to/from Kolkata (56 hours) and weekly (in high season) to/from Chennai (60 hours) on four vessels. These are operated by SCI. The service from Chennai goes via Cape Nicobar once a month, taking an extra two days. But only residents may disembark on it. There is usually a service once a month from Vishakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh.

Accommodation

Accommodation is no problem at these islands. There is a 5-star hotel with 45 rooms accommodating 90 beds at Marine hill, Port Blair. There are two 3-star and one 1-star hotel also. There are many other premium hotels which are not starred.

Apart from these luxury hotels, there are budget hotels, lodges, resorts besides Government and Municipal Council accommodation. Every tourist can choose according to his own choice. Just to have an idea, the accommodation is available from Rs. 15/- for a double bedroom (Municipal Dharamshala, Aberdeen bazar to Rs. 3299/- in the 5-star hotel at Marine hill, Port Blair.

Intercity Travels

Inter island boat services : Directorate of Shipping Services operates inter island passenger-cum-cargo for ferries from Phoenix Bay Jetty/Chatham Jetty, Port Blair to :

1. Bamboo Flat (for Mount Harriet), Havelock Island, Neil Island, Rangat, Mayabunder and
2. Diglipur
3. Little Andaman, Car Nicobar, Chowra, Nancowry, Katchal and Campbell Bay (Great Nicobar).

Information on shipping schedule and tariff can be obtained from : the Direct Services, Port Blair Tel: 32528/34299/31794.

For the latest on the sailing programmes of ferry vessels, read Daily Teleg Herald news papers or tune into the local news bulletin of All India Radio, AM and 7.10 PM.

Buses : State Transport Service and private operators run regular city and suburban bus service from Central Bus Stand, Near Aberdeen Bazar, Port Blair.

Local Attractions

Cellular Jail : It has its connection from the First War of Indian Independence in 1857. Many of the defeated heroes were lodged in the jail. There is a Light and Show every evening which brings alive the memory of those days when prisoners were into it. Other tourist places are:

• Baratang
• Barren Island
• Havelock Island.

Sightseeing : There is much fauna and flora and other scenic beauty on these islands. The beaches and the sea around are of great attraction because of their natural beauty.

Barren Island : There are some islands which are not permanently habitated. Besides, there is a barren island where nothing grows. This is a great attraction for the tourists.

Havelock Island : This is of great tourist interest.

CUISINE
Sea food is the speciality of these islands. The unpolluted water of Andaman Sea abounds with varieties of fish, crabs, lobsters, prawns etc. Seafood is easily available and deliciously cooked. North Indian, South Indian, vegetarian, continental, Chinese dishes are also available.

Shopping : Most of the shopping is done in Aberdeen Bazar, Port Blair. For every tourist, a visit to these islands will be highly refreshing.

Question 9.
Listen carefully to Harsh Misra’s vacation plans and fill in the blanks with exact information :
Answer:

HARSHI MISRA’S VACATION PLAN

• Travel from …………………… Allahabad …………………… To …………………… Shimla ……………………
• Stopover at …………………… Delhi ……………………
• Visit during …………………… Spring …………………… season.
• Will visit …………………… Jakhu Hill ……………………
• It is located …………………… 2 km …………………… away from the town.
• Being the …………………… highest …………………… peak, it offers …………………… panoramic …………………… view of the town.
• Coffee House serves the original flavours of the coffee picked from the plantations.
• Next halt …………………… at state Museum ……………………
• Temple trail would include visits to the …………………… Kamna Devi Temple, Tara Devi Temple, Kali Bari Temple …………………… and …………………… Christ Church ……………………

Question 10.
Punctuate the passage given below using capital letters wherever necessary. on a spring evening some years ago while living in mumbai i decided to take in a musical where i heard lakshya kumar sing for the first time i was enthralled i believed i had discovered the next kishore kumar yet disappointed by the sparse audience i decided to write an article to help promote him struggling to contain my excitement the next day i phoned the theatre where he was performing and unabashedly acted like a professional writer may I speak with lakshya kumar please just one moment replied the person at the other end hello this is lakshya kumar answered a deep voice at the other end who is speaking my trembling hands dropped the receiver and I seemed to have lost my voice I heard the phone being disconnected at the other end what an end to my grand plans.

Answer:

On a spring evening, some years ago, while living in Mumbai, I decided to take in a musical where I heard Lakshya Kumar sing for the first time. I was enthralled. I believed I had discovered the next Kishore Kumar. Yet, disappointed by the sparse audience, I decided to write an article to help promote him. Struggling to contain my excitement, the next day, I phoned the theatre where he was performing and unabashedly acted like a professional writer. “May I speak with Lakshya Kumar, please !” “Just one moment”, replied the person at the other end. “Hello, this is Lakshya Kumar”, answered a deep voice at the other end. “Who is speaking ?” My trembling hands dropped the receiver and I seemed to have lost my voice. I heard the phone being disconnected at the other end. What an end to my grand plans !

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 5 Chapter 3 The Emerald Islands help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 5 Chapter 3 The Emerald Islands, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 6 Chapter 3 Spirit of Unity are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 6 Chapter 3 Spirit of Unity.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 10
Subject	English Main Course Book
Chapter	Unit 6 Chapter 3
Chapter Name	Spirit of Unity
Category	NCERT Solutions

CBSE Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 6 National Integration Chapter 3 Spirit of Unity

TEXTUAL EXERCISES

Question 1.
‘Whenever our nation faces a threat, or some major calamity happens, don’t we all stand together with a sense of emotional oneness to fight against evil forces and unnatural situations ?’
Answer:
Yes, whenever our nation faces a threat or some major calamity happens, we all stand united. It is with a sense of national oneness to fight against evil forces and disastrous situations. These may be tsunami, earthquake at Bhuj, Ladakh flash floods or Mumbai Blasts.

A CREATIVE PRESENTATION ON ‘MUMBAI BLASTS’

Date	Place	Killed	Injured
July 11, 2006	7 blasts at 7 locations in local trains across the city	181	890
August 25, 2003	Gateway of India and Zaveri Bazaar	50	150
July 29, 2003	Ghatkopar	3	34
April 14, 2003	Bandra	1	0
March 13, 2003	Mulund Railway Station	11	80
January 27,2003	Vile Parle	1	25
December 6, 2002	Mumbai Central Railway Station	0	25
December 2, 2002	Ghatkopar	3	31
February 27, 1998	Virar	9	0
January 24, 1998	Malad	0	1
August 28,1997	Near Jama Masjid	0	3
March 12, 1993	13 blasts across the city	257	713

Seven blasts rocked suburban trains in Mumbai on July 11, 2006 Tuesday evening (1ST 18 : 24 to 18 : 35). The Police control room reported that 181 passengers were killed and more than 800 injured. The blasts took place in a span of 30 minutes in first class compartments of suburban trains.

As the blasts ripped apart train compartments, mangled bodies of passengers were hurled out and survivors who were bleeding profusely jostled to come out leading to chaotic scenes. The blasts occurred between 6 pm and 6:30 pm at Matunga, Mahim, Bandra Khar. Borivili, Jogeshwari and Mira Road railway stations.

• Rescue :
Outside the station, the roads had been cordoned off. Two fire engines were posted. Two local trains were halted on either side of the bombed train. Soon after the Matunga/ Mahim blast, 20 seriously injured people were admitted in K.E.M. Hospital. A few more injured were taken to the govt hospital at Sion in central Mumbai, Bhaba Hospital and V.N. Desai Hospital from the blast sites in Mumbai suburbs. Non-government organisations were also there to help the people.

• Relief :
Drivers of private cars and taxis voluntarily transported stranded commuters to their destinations. NGOs were out on the streets and were distributing biscuits to the hungry commuters. Those who had a narrow escape turned Samaritan with members of public by helping the injured. The best part was that people came together and carried the injured to hospitals in auto-rickshaws. People living near the tracks were quite helpful. They came running with bed sheets to carry the injured to the hospital in the absence of stretchers.

• Rehabilitation :
Eight-year-old Rakesh Amrit Parihar, a resident of Vashi in Navi Mumbai was admitted to Bhagwati Hospital in suburban Borivali in an unconscious state. It was due to the efforts of media that Parihar was reunited with his parents.

• Interviews with victims and volunteers :
A victim named Chandrakant Dalvi was travelling in the Western Railway local which left Churchgate at 1754 hrs as it was leaving the Mahim station on track 3 at around 6.20 pm. He said he could not hear anything in his left ear.

Nyal Chand who was also on the train said that all he saw was a bright orange spark and a loud bang. He saw a young man fall off the train due to the impact of the blast. People started jumping off the moving train. According to him there were at least 15 casualties on that compartment.

• Interview with volunteers :
Police constable Santosh Kandvilkar, 28, was in the Churchgate-Virar fast local. He was attached to the Worli Police Station and was taking the train back home like everyday. He told that he was standing next to the exit of the first class compartment and the train was getting into the station. He heard an explosive noise. He helped many people who were bleeding though he himself was injured. He had lost his hearing. Now he is taking on life’s challenge head on and ploughing ahead.

• United we serve :
Gruesome is too small a word to describe the bomb blasts. And for the senseless perpetrators, there can be no victory in killing innocent people. We, Indians, are so lucky only for one fact that our fellow Indians are always there to help us when we need them, more so in Mumbai. People stand together and join hand in hand to show the anti-national, anti-human elements that ‘we are not afraid’. Deep in their heart, they do believe that no one can divide them, frighten them or kill their spirits. These may be natural disasters, wars or terrorist attacks. They may create hype and confusion in the minds of people for a few moments. But they cannot kill the spirit of Indians. They can not uproot the sense of brotherhood and unity.

Question 2.
Film review
Answer:
No question asked.

Question 3.
Common words/phrases used in film reviews
Answer:
No question asked.

Question 4.
Writing a Film Review
Answer:
No question asked.

Question 5.
Now write your own film review on ‘Chak de India’, ‘Lagaan’, or ‘Mother India’. The teacher could arrange for the screening of the film if need be.

The class could also decide on any other regional film that portrays the spirit of National Integration.

Highlight the aspect of national integration that has been portrayed in the film.

Answer:

Brief Outline of the Plot

Kabir Khan is the former captain of the India Hockey Team. After a disastrous loss to the Pakistani hockey team, Khan is ostracized from the sport. He and his mother are further forced out from their ancestral home by angry neighbours. Seven years later in an attempt to redeem himself, Khan becomes the coach for the Indian women’s hockey team, with the goal of turning its sixteen contentious players into a champion team. After leading the women to the Gold, Khan restores his reputation and returns with his mother to their home, welcomed by those who had shunned them years before. ‘Ohak De ! India’ explores religious bigotry, the legacy of partition, ethnic/regional prejudice and sexism in contemporary India through field hockey.

What I liked about the film

It is a rare film where the hero watches from the stand and lets a bunch of girls do all the winning. It is all about women’s liberation and their power. It is one of the best feminist films. It is a patriotic heartwarmer. Its title song is stirring and meaningful and enhances patriotic fervour.

What I disliked about the film

The main focus is on the game. Romance is absent, parents are sidelined and no one breaks out into song and dance. The tale of the sporting under-dog is hardly new.

Characterization

Shahrukh Khan acted as Kabir Khan, the former captain of Indian Hockey Team. Chitrashi Rawat acted as Komal Chautala, Sagarika Ghatge as Preeti Sabharwal, Tanya Abrol as Balbir Kaur, Seem Azmi as Rani Dispotta, Nisha Nair as Soimo’s Kerketa, Kimi Ladlawala as Mary Ralte, Masochon. “Chon Chon” Zimik as Molly Zimik and Vidya Malvade as Vidya Sharma, the team’s captain, Vivan Bhatena as vice captain of the India National Cricket team Abimanyu Singh, Shilpa Shukla as Bindya Naik played their part well. Actual hockey players Chitrash, Sandia and Raynia were cast as they were actual hockey players. 90 other hockey players and 9000 extras also participated in the shooting.

Why the film was worth watching

‘Chak De ! India’ is an outright winner, a triumph of the spirit and of craftsmanship. The Director Shimit Amin has crafted this film with immense staying power, exceptional integrity and gusto. It has great performances by a bunch of unknowns, a gritty peace and a marvellous restrain make it an unbridled ode to patriotism without any hysterical chest-beating. The casting is first rate. Its screenplay offers a rare look at a popular Indian sport often overshadowed by cricket. It will give you a sharp-eyed view of Indian society.

Its message

If the team members overcome the divisions and learn to cooperate with and help each other, they would definitely be a winning team be it cricket, hockey or football. Unity among the team members and their confidence can lead them to victory. It also promotes the merits of women players.

Rating : 4 stars out of 5 stars : ★ ★ ★ ★ ★

Students may write reviews of other films on their own basing these on these outlines.

Question 6.
Working in groups of four, discuss the ways in which the following have integrated India :

1. Music—Jai Ho / Vande Mataram
2. Food—North Indian!South Indian
3. Fashion—Salwar kameezs / lehengas / Achkan / Dhoti Kurta
4. Occupation and trade—Job opportunities
5. Relationships / Marriage

Answer:

1. Music—Jai Ho/Vande Mataram :

The track ‘Jai Ho’ symbolises a young resurgent, a young confident India on a global platform. ‘Jai Ho’ spirit has made India proud. It is associated with the aspirations and emotions related to modern Indian aesthetics. It has grown with the people. It is a mega hit at world wide too. This is an Oscar Award winning song from ‘Slumdog Millionaire’ movie. This song shows the winning spirit of Indians who inspite of difficulties and problems believe in the dictum ‘I’ll win’, ‘I’ll be triumphant’. Inspite of terrorists’ attacks, earthquakes, tsunami, famines, floods and riots, Indians are winning at the global platform.

Song ‘Vande Mataram’ reminds us of the times when Indians were slaves of the British. These two words instilled patriotism in the minds and hearts of people. It ignited the flame which perished the foreign rule. This song recalls the time when every Indian was fighting for independence.

2. Food—North Indian/South Indian :

North Indian food consists of spicy vegetables, Chapati, Dal or Pulse, Makki ki Roti- Sarson ka Saag, Curd, Lassi, Butter, Papad and Salad of Onion, Cucumber and Radish. It is rich in proteins and vitamins. It is delicious too. Halwa and Kheer are an integral part of dessert. Poori-Chole, Bhatoore-Chole, Stuffed potato Paranthas are favourite breakfast.

Dosa, Idli, Vada Pav and Sambhar are popular south Indian foods. Uttapam, Coconut sauce, Fish Curry, Vegetable Uppuma, Ericheri, Nawab Pulao, Rice Payasam, Mysore Pak treat the taste buds. Banana chips and Jackfruit Chips are the speciality snacks. Kababs and Biryanis are not to be missed.

Now these foods are liked by everyone. North Indian foods as well as south Indian foods are served in hotels across the country. They are included in the menu of marriage parties and other celebrations. They serve as a strong bond between two parts of our country. It has flourished the food industry. It has, in fact, integrated India.

3. Fashion—Salwar Kameezs/Lehengas/Achkan/Dhoti Kurta :

People wear different types of clothes in different parts of India. With the advent of satellite channels, it has become convenient to know different people having different customs and wearing their special attires. Due to trade and job they migrate to different parts of the country and come into contact with their customs. They get influenced by their regional dresses and adopt them. Sari is considered to be a special dress of South India. But it is quite popular among the women of North India too. In the same way, Lehengas are getting popularity in every part of India. Achkan and Dhoti-Kurta are considered to be graceful dresses of the men in every part. Thus, we can say that fashion and dresses play an important role as a binding force and have integrated our country. Fashions don’t divide the people but foster togetherness and unity.

4. Occupation and trade-Job opportunities :

With the spread of telecommunication and information technology, it has become difficult to stay at one place. Agriculture is the main occupation in the North India. So, people migrate from south to north Indian states in search of work. In the same way, Mumbai is called the economic or commercial capital. People from all over India go to this film city in search of different types of jobs in film Industry. In the same way, there are ample job opportunities in Bangalore, Chennai, Surat, Pune, Ludhiana, Amritsar, Kota, Manipal etc, in different fields. This has led to migration of skilled and unskilled man-power to various cities and states. So, the people are adopting different cultures, customs and learning different languages. It is promoting national integration.

5. Relationships/Marriage :

The migration of people from one state to another in search of trade-job opportunities has made India a unified and integrated territory. People settle at a place and live a comfortable life. They tie nupital knots and develop families. This brings them emotionally together. The strong bonds of relationships act as bridges which join different people of different states in one stream, ie, Indianness or Bhartiyata. Fast means of transport such as aeroplanes have limited the distances and integrated India.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 6 Chapter 3 Spirit of Unity help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 6 Chapter 3 Spirit of Unity, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.