Category: CBSE Class 7

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English Honeycomb Chapter 1 Three Questions are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English Honeycomb Chapter 1 Three Questions.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 7
Subject	English Honeycomb
Chapter	Chapter 1
Chapter Name	Three Questions
Number of Questions Solved	47
Category	NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English Honeycomb Chapter 1 Three Questions

IMPORTANT PASSAGES FOR COMPREHENSION
Read the following extracts and answer the questions that follow by choosing the correct option :

[I]

Question 1.
Many wise men came to the king, but they all answered his questions differently. The king gave no reward.      (Page 7)
Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
The wise men wished to get
(a) some amount of money
(b) a handsome sum of money
(c) the land owned by the king
(d) the treasure buried under the temple
Answer.
(b) a handsome sum of money

Question 2.
Their answers to his questions were
(a) inappropriate
(b) different
(c) irrelevant
(d) to the point
Answer.
(b) different

Question 3.
The king’s reaction was
(a) undesirable
(b) humiliating
(c) justified
(d) instant
Answer.
(c) justified

Question 2.
“You are tired,” said the king. “Let me take the spade and work in your place.”   (Page 9)
Question 1.
Who is ‘you’ in the above extract ?
Answer.
‘You’refers to the hermit.

Question 2.
Why did the king offer to work ?
Answer.
The king offered to work because he felt that the hermit was very tired.

Question 3.
What does it show about the king’s character ?
Answer.
It shows the king’s compassion.

Question 3.
“Here comes someone running, said the hermit.”          (Page 10)
Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
The hermit drew the king’s attention
(a) to the axe kept nearby
(b) towards the bearded man
(c) towards the evil bodyguard
(d) to the seeds to be sown
Answer.
(b) towards the bearded man

Question 2.
The bearded man was
(a) stabbed by the king
(b) God-fearing
(c) the king’s enemy
(d) wearing a long robe
Answer.
(c) the king’s enemy

Question 3.
Both the hermit and the king
(a) slept for long
(b) nursed the wounds of the bearded man
(c) told tales
(d) were not surprized to meet the man
Answer.
(b) nursed the wounds of the bearded man

[II]

Question 4.
“Now if I live, I will serve you as your most faithful servant and will order my sons to do the same. Forgive me !”          (page 12)
Question 1.
Who is the speaker of the above lines ?
Answer.
The speaker was an injured bearded man whom the king had helped. The king had saved his life.

Question 2.
Who was he speaking to ?
Answer.
He was speaking to the king.

Question 3.
Why was he making such a promise ?
Answer.
He felt greatly indebted to the king. In order to repay the king’s goodness, he was making that promise.

Question 5.
The most important business is to do that person good, because we were sent into this world for that purpose alone.    (Page 13)
Question 1.
The hermit’s advice was
(a) to do good to the people
(b) to do important work
(c) to do hard work
(d) to do good to the person who needs your help at the moment
Answer.
(d) to do good to the person who needs your help at the moment

Question 2.
No one is sure
(a) if he would get time to meet someone else
(b) if he will live
(c) what is in store for him
(d) whether the future is bright for him
Answer.
(a) if he would get time to meet someone else

Question 3.
To do good is
(a) the only work for you
(b) the main purpose of our life
(c) greatly admired by gods
(d) liked by even the devils
Answer.
(b) the main purpose of our life

TEXTUAL QUESTIONS

Comprehension Check (Page 10)
Question 1.
Why did the king want to know answers to three questions ?
Answer.
The king wanted to be always successful. For this purpose, he wanted to know the answers to three questions.

Question 2.
Messengers were sent throughout the kingdom
(i) to fetch wise men.
(ii) to find answers to the questions.
(iii) to look for the wise hermit.
(iv) to announce a reward for those who could answer the questions.
Mark your choice.
Answer.
(iv) to announce a reward for those who could answer the questions.

Comprehension Check (Page 14)
Complete the following sentences by adding the appropriate parts of the sentences given in the box.

1. Many wise men answered the king’s questions, …………..
2. Someone suggested that there should be a council of wise men ……………
3. Someone else suggested that the king should have a timetable …………..
4. The king requested the hermit …………
5. The king washed and dressed the bearded man’s wound, ………………

Answers.

1. Many wise men answered the king’s questions but their answers were so varied that the king was not satisfied.
2. Someone suggested that there should be a council of wise men to help the king act at the right time.
3. Someone else suggested that the king should have a timetable and follow it strictly.
4. The king requested the hermit o answer three questions.
5. The king washed and dressed the bearded man’s wound but the bleeding would not stop.

Answer the following questions :
Question 1.
Why was the king advised to go to magicians ? (Imp.)
Answer.
Some people said that the magicians could look into the future. If one knows the future it is easy to decide the right time for doing something. The king wanted to know the right time to begin something. So some people advised the king to go to magicians.

Question 2.
In answer to the second question, whose advice, did the people say, would be important to the king ?
Answer.
In answer to the second question the wise men had given different answers. Some said that the king’s councillors were the people whose advice was important. Others thought the priests were more important. A few others chose the doctors. Some said that the advice of the soldiers would be important to the king.

The hermit’s answer was the best. He said that the person present with the king was the only important person. His advice would be important.

Question 3.
What suggestions were made in answer to the third question ?
Answer.
In answer to the third question, some said science was the most important affair. Others chose fighting and yet others advocated religious worship.

The hermit’s answer was the best. He said that the most important affair is to do good to the person before you. The hermit believed that man was sent on the earth for this purpose alone.

Question 4.
Did the wise men win the reward ? If not, why not ?   (V. Imp.)
Answer.
No, the wise men did not win the reward. It was so because none of their answers could satisfy the king.

Question 5.
How did the king and the hermit help the wounded man ?   (V. Imp.)
Answer.
The king and the hermit removed the man’s clothing. They saw that there was a wound in his stomach. The king washed the wound. Then he covered it with his handkerchief. Yet the blood kept on flowing. So the king redressed the wound. At last the bleeding stopped. The man felt better. Now he wanted to drink something. The king gave him fresh water. After this, they carried him into the hut and put him on the bed.

Question 6.
(i) Who was the bearded man ?
(ii) Why did he ask for the king’s forgiveness ?
Answer.

1. The bearded man was the king’s sworn enemy. The king had killed his brother and seized his property. He wanted to avenge his murdered brother by killing the king.
2. The king had washed the bearded man’s wound. He had covered the wound with his handkerchief. He redressed his wound because the blood kept on flowing. The bearded man felt grateful to the king. Therefore he asked for his forgiveness.

Question 7.
The king forgave the bearded man. What did he do to show his forgiveness ? (Imp.)
Answer.
To show his forgiveness, the king promised to help the bearded man. He promised to send his servants and his own doctor to look after him. The king also promised to give him back his property.

Question 8.
What were the hermit’s answers to the three questions ? Write each answer separately. Which answer do you like most, and why ? (V. Imp.)
Answer.
The hermit’s answer was that ‘Now’ is the best time to begin work. For, nobody knows whether he will have any time in the future or not. The king had just put his questions, when he pitied the hermit. Later on it proved to be the best time. Had he not done so and gone back, his enemy would have killed him.

Answering the second question, the hermit said that the people present were the best. They alone should be listened to. For, these are the only people whom one can consult at once.

To do good to the people present is the most important thing. It was the hermit’s reply to the third question. According to the hermit, man was sent on the earth for this purpose alone.
I like the answer to the first question most. It is most logical.

Working with Language

Question 1.
Match items in List A with their meanings in List B.

Use any three of the above words change the form of the word.
Answer.

Question 2.
Each of the following sentences has two blanks. Fill in the blanks with appropriate forms of the word given in brackets.   (Imp.)
He has ………. to help me. Do you think he will remember his ……. ?  (promise)
He has promised to help me. Do you think he will remember his promise ?
(i) The ……….. said that only fresh evidence would make him change his ……. (judge)
(ii) I didn’t notice any serious ……….. of opinion among the debaters, although they ………. from one another over small points. (differ)
(iii) It’s a fairly simple question to ……….. , but will you accept my …….. as final ? (answer)
(iv) It isn’t ……… that …………… should always be the mother of invention. (necessary)
(v) Hermits are ………. men. How they acquire their ………… no one can tell.  (wise)
(vi) The committee ………….. has to make Jagdish captain of the team. The ……….. is likely to please everyone.  (decide)
(vii) Asking for ………. is as noble as willingness to …………. .  (forgive)
Answers.

1. The judge said that only fresh evidence would make him change his judgement.
2. I didn’t notice any serious difference of opinion among the debaters, although they differed from one another over small points.
3. It’s a fairly simple question to answer, but will you accept my answer as final?
4. It isn’t necessary that necessity should always be the mother of invention.
5. Hermits are wise men. How they acquire their wisdom no one can tell.
6. The committee has decided to make Jagdish captain of the team. The decision is likely to please everyone.
7. Asking for forgiveness is as noble as willingness to forgive.

Speaking and Writing

Question 1.
Imagine you are the king. Narrate the incident of your meeting the hermit. Begin like this :
The wise men answered my questions, but I was not
satisfied with their answers. One day I decided to go
and meet the hermit…
Answer.
… I put on ordinary clothes. I started for the woods, in which the hermit lived. I left my horse with my bodyguard. Then, I went to the hermit’s hut alone. I saw the hermit digging the ground. The hermit greeted me but continued digging. I told him the purpose of my visit. The hermit listened to me. Without speaking anything he busied himself again in digging. I felt the hermit was tired. I offered to do his work for him. He agreed, I began to dig the ground.

Question 2.
Imagine you are the hermit. Write briefly the incident of your meeting the king. Begin like this : (Imp.)
One day I was digging in my garden. A man in
ordinary clothes came to see me. I knew it was the
king …
Answer.
I greeted the king. He asked me three questions. He wanted to know the right time to do the right thing. He wanted to know who were the people he needed most. He also wanted to know the affairs which were most important. I made no reply. Then the king saw that I was tired. He offered to do my work. I gave him my spade. He worked till sunset.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Question 1.
Why was the king anxious to know the answers to his questions ?
Answer.
The king wanted to know the answers to his three questions. He felt that if he knew them, he would never fail in his attempts.

Question 2.
The hermit told the king the purpose of human life. What was it ? What was the king’s aim of life before meeting the hermit ?   (V. Imp.)
Answer.
The hermit told the king that the purpose of life was to help others. Success in whatever he did, was the king’s aim of life before meeting the hermit.

Question 3.
Why did the king go alone and in ordinary clothes to meet the hermit ?
Answer.
The king went alone and in ordinary clothes because he knew that the hermit saw no one but simple people.

Question 4.
Why did the king dig the ground ?
Answer.
The king dug the ground to help the hermit.

Question 5.
Why did the hermit let the king work till sunset ?
Answer.
The hermit let the king work till sunset to save his life.

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Question 1.
What was the hermit’s answer to the second question : ‘Which people should be listened to’ ? Justify the answer.   (V. Imp.)
Answer.
The hermit’s answer to the second question was that the king should listen to the people who were with him at that particular moment. It was correct because according to the hermit man’s only duty is to help his fellowmen. So if there is someone before us who needs our help, our foremost duty is to help him.

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

Read the statements given below and choose the correct option :

Question 1.
The answers to the three questions will enable :
(i) the hermit to go to the king
(ii) the king to lead a peaceful life
(iii) the king to be always successful
(iv) the subjects to lead a good life
Answer.
(iii) the king to be always successful

Question 2.
The king was not satisfied with the answers as :
(i) they were lengthy
(ii) they all were different
(iii) they were dull
(iv) they served no purpose
Answer.
(ii) they all were different

Question 3.
The king went to see the hermit in ;
(i) his cage
(ii) simple clothes
(iii) his cave
(iv) a hurry
Answer.
(ii) simple clothes

Question 4.
The king dug the beds
(i) because he loved gardening
(ii) to help the hermit
(iii) to pass time
(iv) to get his answers
Answer.
(ii) to help the hermit

Question 5.
The wounded man was
(i) a friend of the hermit
(ii) a friend of the king
(iii) an enemy of the hermit
(iv) an enemy of the king
Answer.
(iv) an enemy of the king

Question 6.
The king dressed the wounds of :
(i) the hermit
(ii) his guard
(iii) the horse
(iv) the bearded man
Answer.
(iv) the bearded man

Question 7.
The bearded man was the :
(i) relative of the king
(ii) friend of the king
(iii) king’s sworn enemy
(iv) guard of the king
Answer.
(iii) king’s sworn enemy

Question 8.
The bearded man asked for :
(i) water
(ii) property
(iii) forgiveness
(iv) money
Answer.
(iii) forgiveness

Question 9.
The king ‘had done him’ wrong as :
(i) he had killed his brother
(ii) he had killed his sister
(iii) he had seized his property
(iv) Both (i) and (iii)
Answer.
(iv) Both (i) and (iii)

Question 10.
The king sent a/an to look after him.
(i) doctor
(ii) anaesthetic
(iii) quack
(iv) servant
Answer.
(i) doctor

Question 11.
The king was happy that
(i) he had won a friend
(ii) he had killed his enemy
(iii) his action had pleased the hermit
(iv) his enemy was wounded
Answer.
(i) he had won a friend.

Question 12.
The answers of the hermit
(i) satisfied the king
(ii) failed to satisfy the king
(iii) confused the king
(iv) amused the king
Answer.
(i) satisfied the king.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English Honeycomb Chapter 1 Three Questions help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English Honeycomb Chapter 1 Three Questions, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 6 Towns, Traders and Craftpersons are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 6 Towns, Traders and Craftpersons.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 7
Subject	Social Science History
Chapter	Chapter 6
Chapter Name	Towns, Traders and Craftpersons
Number of Questions Solved	20
Category	NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 6 Towns, Traders and Craftpersons

NCERT TEXTBOOK EXERCISES

IMAGINE
You are planning a journey from Surat to West Asia in the seventeenth century. What are the arrangements you will make?
Answer.

• We shall take textile goods with us.
• We shall sail through Arabian sea.
• We shall visit Persian gulf countries, Saudi Arabia etc.

LET’S RECALL

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks:

1. The Rajarajeshvara temple was built in …………
2. Ajmer is associated with the Sufi saint …………..
3. Hampi was the capital of the …………….. Empire.
4. The Dutch established a settlement at in ………….. Andhra Pradesh.

Answer.

1. Thanjavur (Tamil Nadu)
2. Muinuddin Chishti
3. Vijayanagara
4. Masulipatnam.

Question 2.
State whether true or false:

1. We know the name of the architect of the Rajarajeshvara temple from an inscription. ,
2. Merchants preferred to travel individually rather than in caravans.
3. Kabul was a major centre for trade in elephants.
4. Surat was an important trading port on the Bay of Bengal.

Answer.

1. True
2. False
3. False
4. False

Question 3.
How was water supplied to the city of Thanjavur?
Answer.
Thanjavur was situated near the perennial river Kaveri. It was from this river that water was supplied to the city.Also the water supply for the city came from wells and tanks.

Question 4.
Who lived in the “Black Towns” in cities such as Madras?
Answer.
Artisans and craftspersons like weavers lived in “Black Towns” in the cities like Madras (during British rule).

LET’S UNDERSTAND

Question 5.
Why do you think towns grew around temples?
Answer.
The towns grew around temples due to the following reasons :

1. Temples were often central to the economy and society.
2. Rulers, who built temples, donated land and money to carry out elaborate rituals, feed pilgrims and priests, and celebrate festivals.
3. Pilgrims who flocked to the temples also made donations.
4. Temple authorities used their wealth to finance, trade and banking.
5. Gradually, a large number of priests, workers, artisans, traders, etc. settle near the temple to cater to its needs and those of the pilgrims.
6. In this way, towns got developed around temples.

Question 6.
How important were craftspersons for the building and maintenance of temples?
Answer.
Craftspersons played an important role in the building and maintenance of temples :

• The Vishwakarma community consisting of goldsmith, bronzesmiths, blacksmiths, masons, and carpenters were essential to the building of temples.
• Weavers such as the Saliyar or Kaikkolars were prosperous communities and they made ample donations to temples.
• The craftspersons of Bidar were skilled in their inlay work in copper and silver. They were also important for the building and maintenance of temples in their own way.

Question 7.
Why did people from distant lands visit Surat?
Answer.

1. Surat was the most important medieval port on the west coast of the Indian subcontinent.
2. It was the emporium of western trade during the Mughal period.
3. Surat was the gateway for trade with West Asia via the Gulf of Ormuz.
4. Surat has also been called the gate of Mecca because many pilgrim ships get to sail from here.
5. There were also several retail and wholesale shops selling cotton textiles.
6. Surat was famous for textiles with gold lace borders (zari). Due to all such reasons, many people from distant lands visited Surat.

Question 8.
In what ways was craft production in cities like Kolkata different from that in cities like Thanjavur?
Answer.
The craft production in Thanjavur was in form of inlay work in copper and silver-white in Calcutta it was in the Form of cotton textiles, jute textiles, and silk textiles.

LET’S DISCUSS

Question 9.
Compare any one of the cities described in this chapter with a town or a village with which you are familiar. Do you notice any similarities or differences?
Answer.
Comparison between Surat and Delhi

Surat	Delhi
Emporium during the Mughal period due to the production of various goods. Gateway to West Asia due to the trade centre. Cosmopolitan city. Factories and warehouses. Known for cotton textiles.	It was also an emporium during the Mughal period. Basically administrative town. Cosmopolitan city. Factories and warehouses. Known for business, trade, and commercial pursuits.

Question 10.
What were the problems encountered by merchants? Do you think some of these problems persist today?
Answer.
Some of the problems faced by the merchants were as under :

• They had to travel through forests and there was always the fear of robbers. Therefore, merchants travelled in caravans.
• Merchants such as Mulla Abdul Ghafur and Indian Virji Vora, who owned a large number of ships were subdued by the East India Company ships. Then, they have to work as agents of the company instead of running their own business.
• Yes, such problems do exist today.

LET’S DO

Question 11.
Find out more about the architecture of either Thanjavur or Hampi, and prepare a scrapbook illustrating temples and other buildings from these cities.
Answer.
Do this yourself with the help of your history teacher.

Question 12.
Find out about any present-day pilgrimage center. Why do you think people go there? What do they do there? Are there any shops in the area? If so, what is bought and sold there?
Answer.
Present-day pilgrimage Centre: Haridwar.

1. People go to Haridwar to take bath in the holy Ganga.
2. They take bath in the Ganga river and worship it.
3. Yes, several shops are there.
4. Offerings are sold at these shops.
5. Prasad is the main article that people buy there.

INTEXT QUESTIONS WITH THEIR ANSWERS

Question 1.
Why do you think people regarded Thanjavur as a great town? (NCERT Page 76)
Answer.
Thanjavur was an example of temple town and was regarded as a great town:

1. It represented a pattern of urbanization and was central to the Chola economy.
2. It was the capital city on the delta of Kaveri with the most important temple Rajarajeshvara. It had tanks and wells for water supply and army barracks.
3. It had the mandapas or pavilions for royal court.
4. It had huge markets selling grains, spices, clothes and jewellery.
5. Many communities like the Sthapatis or sculpture makers, Saliya weavers related to temple activities lived here.
6. It was a great pilgrim town of the period.

Question 2.
What do you think were the advantages of using ‘lost wax’ technique? (NCERT Page 77)
Answer.

1. Through this technique the images of the lord were made exactly the same as it was carved out by the sculptor.
2. There was no need for the sculptor to make mental images.

Question 3.
Make a list of towns in your district and try to classify these as ’ administrative centres or as temple/pilgrim centres. (NCERT Page 78)
Answer.
Our district is Muzaffarnagar

1. Administrative centres
   • Muzaffarnagar
   • Budhana
   • Jansath
   • Kairana
2. Temple centres
   • Shakumbra
   • Raipur
3. Pilgrim centre
   • Shukartal
4. Find out about your town in a similar way.

Question 4.
Find out more about present-day taxes on markets; who collects these, how are they collected and what are they used for? (NCERT Page 79)
Answer.

1. These days we pay many taxes on; property, houses, water, electricity, entertainment, road, import-export, license fee, VAT, etc.
2. These are collected by the agencies of the local and central government.
3. These are used for various public facilities provided by the governments and also for welfare work. These taxes help in the infrastructure development of the nation.

Question 5.
As you can see, during this period there was a great circulation of people and goods. What impact do you think this would have had on the lives of people in towns and villages? Make a list of artisans living in towns. (NCERT Page 80)
Answer.

1. The lives of the people in the towns were not settled. People moved from one place to another for business and trade.
2. List:
   • Goldsmiths
   • locksmiths
   • Brass dealer
   • Copperware milkers
   • Weavers
   • Potters.

Question 6.
Why do you think the city was fortified? (NCERT Page 83)
Answer.
The city was fortified to escape the threat of the invaders.

Question 7.
Why did the English and the Dutch decide to establish settlements in Masulipatnam? (NCERT Page 85)
Answer.
Because of port facilities and other facilities increased by that time.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 6 Towns, Traders, and Craftspersons help you. If you have any queries regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 6 Towns, Traders, and Craftspersons, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English Honeycomb Chapter 2 A Gift of Chappals are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English Honeycomb Chapter 2 A Gift of Chappals.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 7
Subject	English Honeycomb
Chapter	Chapter 2
Chapter Name	A Gift of Chappals
Number of Questions Solved	38
Category	NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English Honeycomb Chapter 2 A Gift of Chappals

IMPORTANT PASSAGES FOR COMPREHENSION
Read the following extracts and answer the questions that follow by choosing the correct option :

[I]

Question 1.
“People are always telling us to be kind to animals, but when we are, they scream. Ooh don’t bring that dirty creature here !” said Ravi. “Do you know how hard it is just to get a little milk from the kitchen ?       (Page 19)
Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
Identify ‘people’ and ‘we’
(a) colony members and the family
(b) family members and the group
(c) elders and children
(d) environmentalists and children
Answer.
(c) elders and children

Question 2.
Meena shares with Mridu
(a) the biryani cooked by Rukku Mani
(b) the secret about the cat in the backyard
(c) the chocolate Ravi brought
(d) the advice given by the beggar that
Answer.
(b) the secret about the cat in the backyard

Question 3.
Ravi poured the milk for the kitten
(a) the kitchen
(b) the fridge
(c) the market
(d) the dairy
Answer.
(a) the kitchen

Question 2.
“She’ll never learn a thing. The train whizzing on and on, while Lalli’s all the time-derailing ! Going completely off track !”   (Page 21)
Question 1.
Who is the speaker of the above extract ?
Answer.
The speaker of the above extract is Ravi.

Question 2.
What is the music master trying to do ?
Answer.
The music master is trying to teach Lalli music.

Question 3.
Is he successful in his effort ?
Answer.
The music master is unsuccessful. Lalli is not able to leam.

[II]

Question 3.
“He has been coming here every day for the past week and it’s time he found another house to beg from !” Paati explained to Tapi.       (Page 24)
Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
Paati explained to Tapi that the beggar
(a) was very notorious
(b) should beg from some other house
(c) should find some other person
(d) never listened to her
Answer.
(b) should beg from some other house

Question 2.
The beggar raised his voice to
(a) beg for money
(b) beg for alms
(c) beg for food and rest
(d) beg for rest
Answer.
(c) beg for food and rest

Question 3.
Rukku Manni told Ravi to tell the beggar
(a) not to come again
(b) to take food
(c) to rest under the tree
(d) to find food elsewhere
Answer.
(a) not to come again

Question 4.
In two minutes he’ll be fiying his feet on that road.    (Page 25)
Question 1.
Who is the speaker of the above line ?
Answer.
The speaker of the above line is Ravi.

Question 2.
Who is ‘he’ in the above line ?
Answer.
‘He’ refers to the beggar.

Question 3.
Why should ‘he’ be frying his feet on the road ?
Answer.
The beggar has no shoes or chappals for his feet. As it is a hot day, Ravi thinks that the poor beggar will be frying his (bare) feet on the road.

Question 5.
“These should fit you, Sir. Please put these on. I gun so sorry. My son has been naughty.”   (Page 27)
Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
Rukku Manni offered chappals that were
(a) old and worn out
(b) new
(c) big in size
(d) small in size
Answer.
(b) new

Question 2.
On seeing the chappals, the music-master
(a) was too happy
(b) grew angiy
(c) picked them to keep in his bag
(d) sat down to wear them
Answer.
(a) was too happy

Question 3.
Ravi’s chappals were in question as
(a) he would not have given his chappals if they were a perfect fit
(b) he would have given his own chappals if they were a perfect fit
(c) his chappals fitted the beggar’s feet
(d) his chappals did not fit the beggar’s feet
Answer.
(b) he would have given his own chappals if they were a perfect fit

TEXTUAL QUESTIONS

Comprehension Check (Page 22)
Question 1.
What is the secret that Meena shares with Mridu in the backyard ?
Answer.
Meena shares with Mridu the secret about the cat in the backyard. The secret was that they had a kitten hidden behind the bitter berry bush.

Question 2.
How does Ravi get milk for the kitten ?
Answer.
Ravi said that he was hungry. So he got some milk from the kitchen. Ravi poured milk into the coconut shell. He then washed the tumbler and put it back. Thus Ravi got milk for the kitten.

Question 3.
Who does he say the kitten’s ancestors are ? Do you believe him ?
Answer.
He says that the kitten’s ancestors are the Pallavas. No, I don’t believe him.

Question 4.
Ravi has a lot to say about M.P. Poonai This shows that

1. he is merely trying to impress Mridu.
2. his knowledge of history is sound.
3. he has a rich imagination.
4. he is an intelligent child.

Which of these statements do you agree I disagree to ?
Answer.
We agree with the statements (1) he is merely trying to impress Mridu and (3) he has a rich imagination.

Question 5.
What was the noise that startled Mridu and frightened Mahendran ?
Answer.
A ‘kreeching’ sound startled Mridu and frightened Mahendran.

Comprehension Check (Page 28)
Question 1.
The music master is making lovely music. Read aloud the sentence in the text that expresses this idea.
Answer.
The music master’s notes seemed to float up and settle perfectly into the visible tracks of the melody.

Question 2.
Had the beggar come to Rukku Manni’s house for the first time ? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer.
No. The beggar had not come to Rukku Manni’s house for the first time. The beggar himself says that he had been coming there regularly for a week.

Question 3.
“A sharp V-shaped line hadformed between her eyebrows. ” What does it suggest to you about Rukku Manni’s mood ?
Answer.
A sharp V-shaped line between her eyebrows suggests that Rukku Manni was losing patience. She was getting angry.

Working with the Text
Question 1.
Complete the following sentences :
(i) Ravi compares Lalli’s playing the violin to ………………………………………
(ii) Trying to hide beneath the tray of chillies. Mahendran ……………………
(iii) The teacher played a few notes on his violin, and Lalli ……………………
(iv) The beggar said that the kind ladies of the household …………………….
(v) After the lesson was over, the music teacher asked Lalli if ………………..
Answers.

1.  a railway train which is all the time derailing, going completely off the track.
2.  tipped a few chillies over himself.
3.  stumbled behind him on her violin without much success.
4.  had helped him with food for a whole week.
5.  she had seen his chappals.

Question 2.
Describe the music teacher, as seen from the window.
Answer.
The music teacher sat in front of Lalli with most of his back to the window. He was bony. His head was bald. A fringe of oiled black hair fell around his ears. He had an old fashioned tuft. He had a thick neck. Round it he wore a gold chain. He had a diamond on his hand. He had a scrawny big toe.
He was playing on the violin with his hands. He beat time on the floor with his toe.

Question 3.
(i) What makes Mridu conclude that the beggar has no money to buy chappals ?   (Imp.)
(ii) What does she suggest to show her concern ?
Answers.

1.  The beggar showed the children his bare feet. There were large blisters on them. So Mridu concluded that the beggar had no money to buy chappals.
2.  To show her concern for the beggar she suggests that an old pair of chappals should be given to him.

Question 4.
“Have you children…” she began, and then, seeing they were curiously quiet, went on more slowly, “seen anyone lurking around the verandah ?”   (Imp.)
(i) What do you think Rukku Manni really wanted to ask ?
(ii) Why did she change her question ?
(iii) What did she think had happened ?
Answers.

1.  Rukku Manni really wanted to ask if the children had hidden the chappals.
2.  Seeing the children curiously quiet, she felt something more serious had happened.
   So she changed her question.
3.  She thought that the chappals had gone for good.

Question 5.
On getting Gopu Mama’s chappals, the music teacher tried not to look too happy. Why ?
Answer.
The music master did not like to show his greed. So, although his eyes lit up, he tried not to look too happy.

Question 6.
On getting a gift of chappals, the beggar vanished in a minute. Why was he in such a hurry to leave ?
Answer.
The beggar had realised that the children had given him chappals of their own. They had not sought the permission of the elders. He feared that the elders could take it back. So he vanished in a minute.

Question 7.
Walking towards the kitchen with Mridu and Meena, Rukku Manni began to laugh. What made her laugh ?  (Imp.)
Answer.
It was the mental picture of Gopu Mama which made Rukku Manni laugh. She knew he would feel very uncomfortable. On coming home, it was his habit to throw off his shoes and get into chappals as soon as possible.

Working with Language
Question 1.
Read the following sentences :
(a) If she knows we have a cat, Paati will leave the’ house. ‘
(b) She won’t be so upset if she knows about the poor beggar with sores on his feet.
(c) If the chappals do fit, will you really not mind ?

Notice that each sentence consists of two parts. The first part begins with ‘if. It is known as if-clause.
Rewrite each of the following pairs of sentences as a single sentence. Use ‘if at the beginning of the sentence.
(a) Walk fast. You’ll catch the bus.
If you walk fast, you’ll catch the bus.
(b) Don’t spit on the road. You’ll be fined.
If you spit on the road, you’ll be fined.

(i) Don’t tire yourself now. You won’t be able to work in the evening.
(ii) Study regularly. You’ll do well in the examination.
(iii) Work hard. You’ll pass the examination in the first division.
(iv) Be polite to people. They’ll also be polite to you.
(v) Don’t tease the dog. It’ll bite you.

Answers.

1.  If you tire yourself now, you won’t be able to work in the evening.
2.  If you study regularly, you’ll do well in the examination.
3.  If you work hard, you’ll pass the examination in the first division.
4.  If you are polite to people, they’ll also be polite to you.
5.  If you tease the dog, it’ll bite you.

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks in the following paragraph :
Today is Sunday. I’m wondering whether I should stay at home or go out. If I ……….. (go) out, I ……… (miss) the lovely Sunday lunch at home. If I …….. (stay) for lunch, I ……… (miss) the Sunday film showing at Archana Theatre. I think I’ll go out and see the film, only to avoid getting too fat.
Answer.
Today is Sunday. I’m wondering whether I should stay at home or go out. If I go out, I’ll miss the lovely Sunday lunch at home. If I stay for lunch, I’ll miss the Sunday film showing at Archana Theatre. I think I’ll go out and see the film, only to avoid getting too fat.

Question 3.
Complete each sentence below by appropriately using any one of the following :
if you want to/if you don’t want to/if you want him to
(i) Don’t go to the theatre ……………
(ii) He’ll post your letter ………………
(iii) Please use my pen ………………
(iv) He’ll lend you his umbrella ………..
(v) My neighbour, Ramesh, will take you to the doctor …………
(vi) Don’t eat it …………………
Answers.

1.  if you don’t want to.
2.  if you want him to.
3.  if you want to.
4.  if you want him to.
5.  if you want him to.
6.  if you don’t want to.

Speaking and Writing
Question 1.
Discuss in small groups
• If you want to give away something of your own to the needy, would it be better to ask your elders first ?
Answers.
A   :   If there is something which is our own, we needn’t seek permission to use it.
B   :   I don’t agree. We do not earn anything. What we have is given to us by our parents. So it is necessary to seek their permission to give it to someone else.
C  :   I am afraid, both of you are running to extremes. We have to take into consideration the value of the thing as well. For example, if we have two pencils, we may give one to a friend. However, we cannot do the same with a pair of shoes or a suit of clothes. We must seek the permission of our elders before offering it to someone. After all, it is they who will be burdened with extra expenditure.

• Is there someone of your age in the family who is very talkative ? Do you find her/him interesting and impressive or otherwise ? Share your ideas with oth¬ers in the group.
Answers.
A   :  I have a cousin. She is very talkative. Since we live in the same house, I have to tolerate her somehow. However, she causes much annoyance. I find it difficult to concentrate on my books.
B   :  I too have a talkative cousin. However, I love to hear her. Her knowledge is so vast and her voice so sweet. Whenever I am tired or bored with study, I go to her. Her conversation gives me a lot of joy. I feel refreshed and am ready to work again.
C  :   My sister is very talkative. However, I tell her not to talk much these days. These are examination days and I want to devote much time to study. Thankfully, she has accepted my request.

• Has Rukku Manni done exactly the same as children? In your opinion, then, is it right for one party to blame the other ?
Answers.
A   :   Yes. Rukku Manni did only what Ravi had done. So it was not at all right for her to scold Ravi.
B    :   I don’t agree. Rukku Manni was forced to do what she did. The music teacher’s chappals had gone. How to compensate him ? The only option left to her was to give Gopu Mama’s chappals to him. So we cannot equate the two acts. She was quite justified in blaming and scolding the children.
C    :  The chidren had certainly done something wrong. It is not correct and Rukku Manni’s act can’t be equated with theirs. However, I think, such children need a more sympathetic handling. They had taken pity on a beggar. They must be taught how far they can allow their sympathy to go. They should not have touched music teacher’s chappals.

Question 2.
Read the following :
• A group of children in your class are going to live in a hostel.
• They have been asked to choose a person in the group to share a room with.
• They are asking each other questions to decide who they would like to share a room with.
Ask one another questions about likes/dislikes/preferences/hobbies/personal characteristics. Use the following questions and sentence openings.
(i) What do you enjoy doing after school ?
I enjoy…
(ii) What do you like in general ?
I like…
(iii) Do you play any game ?
I don’t like…
(iv) Would you mind if I listened to music after dinner ?
I wouldn’t…
(v) Will it be all right if I… ?
It’s fine with me…
(vi) Is there anything you dislike, particularly ?
Well, I can’t share…
(vii) Do you like to attend parties ?
Oh, I…
(viii) Would you say you are… ?
I think…
Answer.
Please attempt yourself.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English Honeycomb Chapter 2 A Gift of Chappals help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English Honeycomb Chapter 2 A Gift of Chappals, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

 

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English An Alien Hand Chapter 2 Bringing up Kari are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English An Alien Hand Chapter 2 Bringing up Kari.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 7
Subject	English An Alien Hand
Chapter	Chapter 2
Chapter Name	Bringing up Kari
Number of Questions Solved	8
Category	NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English An Alien Hand Chapter 2 Bringing up Kari

EXERCISES
(Page 14)

Answer the following questions.
Question 1.
The enclosure in which Kari lived had a thatched roof that lay on thick tree stumps. Examine the illustration of Kari’s pavilion on page 8 and say why it was built that way.
Answer.
The enclosure was so built as to make it suitable for Kari. Kari bumped against the poles as he moved about. Since these poles were thick tree stumps, they did not give way.

Question 2.
Did Kari enjoy his morning bath in the river ? Give a reason for your answer.
Answer.
Kari enjoyed his morning bath. It was clear from the fact that he lay in the water for a long time. On coming out, he would squeal with pleasure.

Question 3.
Finding good twigs for Kari took a long time. Why?
Answer.
Finding good twigs for Kari took a long time. First the author would sharpen his hatchet which would take half an hour. It was necessary because the elephant would not touch mutilated twigs. Then the author had to climb all kinds of trees. He did it to get the most delicate and tender twigs. All this naturally took a long time.

Question 4.
Why did Kari push his friend into the stream ? (Imp.)
Answer.
Kari pushed his friend into the stream to save the life of a boy. The author fell into the stream and he saw a boy lying on the bottom. He dived and pulled the boy to the surface. But the author was not a swimmer. The current of the water began to drag him down. Kari saw it. He came fast into the water. He caught the author by his trunk. Then Kari pulled both of them ashore.

Question 5.
Kari was like a baby. What are the main points of comparison ?
Answer.
Kari was like a baby. Like a baby, he was to be scolded when he was naughty. Again like a baby he learnt very quickly. He sometimes did mischief like a baby. But he quietly accepted punishment when he was wrong.

Question 6.
Kari helped himself to all the bananas in the house without anyone noticing it. How did he do it ?
Answer.
Bananas were kept on a large plate on a table in the dining room. The table was close to window. Kari put his trunk through the window on the fruit plate. He took all the bananas in one attempt. Nobody knew about it. But one day the author found him doing so.

Question 7.
Kari learnt the commands to sit and to walk. What were the instructions for each command ?
(Imp.)
Answer.
The command to sit was to say ‘Dhať and pull Kari by the ear. The command to walk was to say ‘Mali’ and pull his trunk forward.

Question 8.
What is “the master call” ? Why is it the most important signal for an elephant to learn ?
(V. Imp.)
Answer.
To teach the master call to an elephant is the most difficult thing. Yet it is the most important signal for an elephant to learn. The master call is a strange hissing howling sound. It seems as if a snake and a tiger were fighting.
A trained elephant can be given the master call in its ears in a forest. The elephant knows that his master has lost his way. He therefore starts uprooting trees. Thus, he creates a path through the forest to the master’s house.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English An Alien Hand Chapter 2 Bringing up Kari help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English An Alien Hand Chapter 2 Bringing up Kari, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English Honeycomb Chapter 3 Gopal and the Hilsa-Fish are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English Honeycomb Chapter 3 Gopal and the Hilsa-Fish.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 7
Subject	English Honeycomb
Chapter	Chapter 3
Chapter Name	Gopal and the Hilsa-Fish
Number of Questions Solved	15
Category	NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English Honeycomb Chapter 3 Gopal and the Hilsa-Fish

TEXTUAL QUESTIONS

Working with the Text (Page 42)
Answer the following questions :
Question 1.
Why did the king want no more talk about the hilsa-fish ?  (Imp.)
Answer.
There was so much talk about the hilsa-fish that the king was fed up with it. So he wanted no more talk about hilsa-fish.

Question 2.
What did the king ask Gopal to do to prove that he was clever ?
Answer.
The king asked Gopal to buy a huge hilsa and bring that to the palace without anyone asking him a word about it.

Question 3.
What three things did Gopal do before he went to buy his hilsa-fish ?   (Imp.)
Answer.
Gopal half shaved his face, smeared ash and wore rags before he went to buy a hilsa-fish.

Question 4.
How did Gopal get inside the palace to see the king after he had bought the fish ?
Answer.
At first, the gatekeeper would not let Gopal in. But Gopal began to dance and sing loudly. The king heard the noise. He asked the man making the noise to be brought before him. Thus Gopal got inside the palace to see the king after he had bought the fish.

Question 5.
Explain why no one seemed to be interested in talking about the hilsa-fish which Gopal had bought. (Imp.)
Answer.
Gopal seemed more worth talking about than the fish in his hand or anything else. So no one seemed to be interested in talking about the hilsa-fish which Gopal had bought.

Question 6.
Write ‘True’ or False’ against each of the following sentences.
(i) The king lost his temper easily.
(ii) Gopal was a madman.
(iii) Gopal was a clever man.
(iv) Gopal was too poor to afford decent clothes.
(v) The king got angry when he was shown to be wrong.
Answers.

1.  True
2.  False
3.  True
4.  False
5.  False

Working with Language
Question 1.
Notice how in a comic book, there are no speech marks when characters talk. Instead what they say is put in a speech ‘bubble’. However, if we wish to repeat or ‘report’ what they say, we must put it into reported speech.
Change the following sentences in the story to reported speech. The first one has been done for you.
(i) How much did you pay for that hilsa ?
The woman asked the man how much he had paid for that hilsa.
(ii) Why is your face half-shaven ?
Gopal’s wife asked him ………………….
Answer.
…….. why his face was half-shaven.
(iii)I accept the challenge. Your Majesty.
Gopal told the king ………………
Answer.
…….. respectfully that he accepted the challenge.
(iv) I want to see the king.
Gopal told the guards ……………
Answer.
……. that he wanted to see the king.
(v) Bring the man to me at once.
The king ordered the guard ………………
Answer.
…… to bring the man to him at once.

Question 2.
Find out the meaning of the following words by looking them up in the dictionary. Then use them in sentences of your own.

Answers.

Picture Reading
Question 1.
Look at the pictures and read the text aloud.
Answer.
Do it yourself.

Question 2.
Now ask your partner questions about each picture.
(i) Where is the stag ?
(ii) What is he doing ?
(iii) Does he like his antlers (horns) ?
(iv) Does he like his legs ?
(v) Why is the stag running ?
(vi) Is he able to hide in the bushes ?
(vii) Where Eire the hunters now ?
(viii) Are they closing in on the stag ?
(ix) Is the stag free ?
(x) What does the stag say about his horns and his legs ?
Answers.

1.  The stag is by the side of a pond.
2.  He is drinking water.
3.  He likes his antlers. They are very beautiful.
4.  He does not like his legs. They are thin and ugly.
5.  The stag is running as he has seen hunters.
6.  No. He is not able to hide in the bushes.
7.  The hunters are too close for safety of the stag.
8.  Yes. they are closing in on the stag.
9.  Yes. The stag is free.
10. The stag says that he was proud of his horns which could cause his death.
    About his legs, he says, he was ashamed but the same legs saved him.

Question 3.
Now write the story in your own words. Give it a title.
Answer.

Title : The Proud Stag

There lived a stag in a certain forest. Once while drinking water, he saw his image in the pond. He liked his beautiful horns. Then he saw his legs. They were veiy thin. They looked ugly. He felt proud of his horns and sad about his feet. Just then he saw some hunters. He tried to hide in bushes. His whole body was hidden but his horns showed him. The hunters came too close for safety. The stag ran for life. His legs saved him. He understood his folly. He was proud of his horns but they could cause his death. He was ashamed of his legs but they saved his life.

Question 4.
Complete the following word ladder with the help of the clues given below:

Clues

1.  Mother will be very ……….. if you don’t go to school.
2.  As soon as he caught ………. of the teacher, Mohan started writing.
3.  How do you like my ……….. kitchen garden ? Big enough for you, is it ?
4.  My youngest sister is now …….. old.
5.  Standing on the ………. , he saw children playing on the road.
6.  Don’t make such a ………. . Nothing will happen.
7.  Don’t cross the ……… till the green light comes on.

Answer.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English Honeycomb Chapter 3 Gopal and the Hilsa-Fish help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English Honeycomb Chapter 3 Gopal and the Hilsa-Fish, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 10 Struggle for Equality are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 10 Struggle for Equality.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 7
Subject	Social Science Civics
Chapter	Chapter 10
Chapter Name	Struggle for Equality
Number of Questions Solved	11
Category	NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 10 Struggle for Equality

INTEXT QUESTIONS

Question 1.
What do you think is meant by the expression ‘power over the ballot box’? Discuss.                (NCERT Page 115)
Answer.
By the expression “power over the ballot box” we mean that every adult citizen has great power in the right to vote.

1. By voting people elect or replace their representatives. So the elected representatives have to work for the welfare of the people. Otherwise, they may be replaced.
2. The ballot box provides the equality that vote of one person, rich or poor, is as good as of any other.

Question 2.
Can you think of one person in your family, community, village, town, or city whom you respect because of their fight for equality and justice? (NCERT Page 116)
Answer.
Students to answer themselves.

Question 3.
What issue is the Tawa Matsya Sangh (TMS) fighting for? (NCERT Page 118)
Answer.
Issue of their right of fish caught in the Tawa Reservoir.

Question 4.
Why did the villagers set up this organisation? (NCERT Page 118)
Answer.
To fight for the right to fish caught in the Tawa Reservoir and the right to equality.

Question 5.
Do you think that the large-scale participation of villagers has contributed to the success of the TMS? Write two lines on why you think so? (NCERT Page 118)
Answer.

1. The villagers rose against the high-handedness of the contractors.
2. They caused chakka jam and forced the government of Madhya Pradesh to form a committee.
3. The committee recommended their right to catch fish in the Tawa Reservoir.
4. Now they manage a cooperative for organized working.

Question 6.
Can you think of an incident in your life in which one person or a group of people came together to change an unequal situation? (NCERT Page 119)
Answer.
Yes. In our village Dalits organized and obtained their right to send their children to school where students from all castes and religions study together.

Question 7.
What is your favourite line in the song given on page 120? (NCERT Page 120)
Answer.
My hunger has the right ……….. to know why grain rot in godowns.

Question 8.
What does the poet mean when he says, “My hunger has the right to know”? (NCERT Page 120)
Answer.
By these lines, the poet means that the victim should have the right to know the cause of his sufferings. As why grain is rotting in the godowns and the poor are hungry.

Question 9.
Can you share with your class a local song or a poem on the dignity that is from your area? (NCERT Page 120)
Answer.
Yes. The student to do it themselves.

Question 10.
What role does the Constitution play in people’s struggles for equality?
(NCERT Page 121)
Answer.
Indian Constitution recognises the equality of all. Constitution helps people in their struggle for equality through laws and through government schemes

1. Every person is equal before the law
2. No one is discriminated against on the basis of religion caste race or gender
3. Everyone has access to all public places
4. Untouchability is abolished

Question 11.
Can you make up a social advertisement on equality? You can do this in small groups. (NCERT Page 121)
Answer.
Yes, do it yourself with the help of your teacher.
Note: There are no textual questions in this chapter.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 10 Struggle for Equality helps you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 10 Struggle for Equality, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

We have given detailed NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Sanskrit come in handy for quickly completing your homework.

CBSE Class 7 Sanskrit Sample Paper Set 1

निर्धारित समय : 3 घंटे
अधिकतम अंक : 90

खण्ड: – क
अपठित-अवबोधनम्

प्रश्न 1.
अधोलिखितं अनुच्छेदम् पठित्वा प्रदत्तप्रश्नानाम् उत्तराणि लिखत- (10)
अहम् एका नदी अस्मि। पर्वतेभ्यः निर्गत्य क्षेत्रेषु आगच्छामि। तदा मम सलिलं स्वच्छं, शीतलं मधुरं च भवति। प्रपातः मम प्रथमा अवस्था अस्ति। शनैः शनैः अहम् सागरं प्रति गच्छामि। मम बालुकायुक्तं तटे हरिताः वृक्षाः भवन्ति। वृक्षाणाम् उपरि विविधाः खगाः वसन्ति। स्त्रियः कलशान् गृहीत्वा मम तीरे आयान्ति। पक्षिणाम् कलरवैः, बालकानाम् क्रीडाभिः स्त्रीणां वातालापैः मम तटाः गुञ्जायमानाः भवन्ति। केचन जनाः भोजनस्य अवशिष्टम् मम जले एव पातयन्ति। एवं अवकरैः मम जलं दूषितं भवति?

प्रश्ना:
I. एकपदेन उत्तरत- (1 × 2 = 2)
(i) जलम् कैः दूषितं भवति?
(ii) केषाम् उपरि खगाः वसन्ति?

II. पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरत- (2 × 2 = 4)
(i) नद्याः तटाः कथम् गुञ्जायमानाः भवन्ति?
(ii) नद्याः जलम् कीदृशं भवति?

III. यथानिर्देशम् उत्तरत- (2 × 2 = 4)

(क) ‘आयान्ति’ इति क्रियापदस्य कर्तृपदं किम्?
(i) जनाः
(ii) स्त्रियः
(iii) मम
(iv) तीरे

(ख) ‘जनाः भोजनस्य अवशिष्टम् पातयन्ति।’ अत्र क्रियापदं किम्?
(i) जनाः
(ii) भोजनस्य
(iii) अवशिष्ट्म
(iv) पातयन्ति

खण्ड: – ख
रचनात्मकम् कार्यम्

प्रश्न 2.
मञ्जूषातः पदानि चित्वा अनुच्छेदस्य रिक्तस्थानानि पूरयत- (10)

कोटिशः, अतिपटुः, सम्पादकः, मदनमोहनः, महामना, प्रयागे, संस्कृतविद्वान, स्थापना, कारावासं, आसीत

श्रीमदनमोहनमालवीयस्य जन्म _______(1)_______ अभवत्। अस्य पिता श्री व्रजनाथः _______(2)_______ आसीत्। प्रयागे बी. ए. परीक्षामुत्तीर्य _______(3)_______ अध्यापकः अभवत्। पश्चात् सः पत्रस्य _______(4)_______ आसीत्। संभाषणे सः _______(5)_______ आसीत्। कालान्तरे सः स्वतन्त्रतासंग्रामे _______(6)_______ अगच्छत्। राजनीतौ सः प्रसिद्धः _______(7)_______। वाराणस्यां सः हिन्दु- विश्वद्यिालयस्य _______(8)_______ अकरोत्। अस्य सञ्चालानाय सः _______(9)_______ रूप्यकाणि संगृहीतवान्। सः जनैः _______(10)_______ इति ख्यातः।

प्रश्न 3.
वाक्यानि रचयत- (1 × 5 = 5)

1. सूर्यः _________
2. अश्वः _________
3. नौका _________
4. चटका _________
5. संसारे _________

प्रश्न 4.
चित्रं दृष्ट्वा मञ्जूषायाम् प्रदत्तशब्दानाम् सहायतया पञ्चवाक्यानि पूरयत- (1 × 5 = 5)

पंक्तौ, क्रीडाक्षेत्रस्य, क्रीडित्वा, विशालं, कन्दुकेन

1. इदम् चित्रम् _______ अस्ति।
2. क्रीडाक्षेत्रं अति _______ अस्ति।
3. सर्वे बालकाः _______ क्रीडन्ति।
4. सर्वे क्रीडकाः _______ तिष्ठन्ति।
5. कन्दुकेन _______ बालकाः प्रसन्नाः सन्ति।

खण्ड: – ग
अनुप्रयुक्त-व्याकरणं

प्रश्न 5.
वाक्येषु रेखाङ्कितपदानां समुचितं सन्धिं सन्धि-विच्छेदं वा प्रदत्तविकलपेभ्यः चित्वा लिखत- (4)

(क) अद्य विद्यालये अवकाशः अस्ति।
(i) विद्या + आलयः
(ii) विद्या + आलये
(iii) विद्या : लये
(iv) विद्या + आलय

(ख) ईश्वर + इच्छा बलवती।
(i) ईश्वरेच्छा
(ii) ईश्वरिच्छा
(iii) ईश्वरैच्छा
(iv) ईश्वरीच्छा

(ग) अन्वयः कुरुत।
(i) अनु + वयः
(ii) अनु +अयः
(iii) अन् + वयः
(iv) अनू+ वयः

(घ) पो + अनः वहति।
(i) पवनः
(ii) पावनः
(iii) पोनः
(iv) पौनः

प्रश्न 6.
उदाहरणानुसारं शब्दरूपेषु रिक्तस्थानानि पूरयत- (½ × 12 = 6)

प्रश्न 7.
कोष्ठकात् उचितं पदं चित्वा रिक्तस्थानानि पूरयत- (1 × 4 = 4)

1. वेदाः ____________ सन्ति। (चत्वारि / चत्वारः / चतस्त्रः)
2. रामायणे ____________ खण्डानि सन्ति। (सप्ताः / सप्तानि / सप्त)
3. ____________ ग्रहाः सन्ति। (नवाः / नवानि / नव)
4. दशरथस्य ____________ भार्या आसन्। (तिस्त्रः / त्रयः / त्रीणि)

प्रश्न 8.
मञ्जूषातः समुचितपदानि चित्वा रिक्तस्थानानि पूरयत- (1 × 4 = 4)

कृत्वा, खादितुम्, लेखितुम्, पठित्वा

1. श्रमिकः श्रमं ____________ धनम् अर्जयति।
2. कपोताः तण्डुलकणान् ____________ नीचैः अवातरन्।
3. छात्राः पाठं ____________ प्रसीदन्ति।
4. अध्यापकः छात्रम् उचितं उत्तरं ____________ कथयति।

प्रश्न 9.
उचितविभक्तिपदं चित्वा वाक्यपूर्तिः क्रियताम्- (1 × 4 = 4)

1. नरः ____________ पतति।
(i) अश्वस्य
(ii) अश्वात्
(iii) अश्वः
(iv) अश्वम्

2. ____________ उभयतः पुत्रौ तिष्ठतः।
(i) पिता
(ii) पिताम्
(iii) पितरम्
(iv) पित्रा

3. पुत्रः ____________ सह नगरम् अगच्छत्।
(i) जनकेन
(ii) जनकम्
(iii) जनकाय
(iv) जनकस्य

4. ____________ नमः
(i) गणेशं
(ii) गणेशाय
(iii) गणेशः
(iv) गणेशस्य

प्रश्न 10.
उदाहरणानुसारेण धातुरूपेषु रिक्तस्थानानि पूरयत- (1 × 6 = 6)

प्रश्न 11.
उदाहरणानुसारं पदरचनां कुरुत- (1 × 2 = 2)

यथा- खेलति स्म – अखेलत्।

1. पश्यति स्म _______
2. चलति स्म _______

खण्ड: – घ
पठित-अवबोधनम्

प्रश्न 12.
अधोलिखितं अनुच्छेदं पठित्वा प्रश्नानाम् उत्तराणि लिखत- (5)

विश्वस्य उपलब्धासु भाषासु संस्कृतभाषा प्राचीनतमा भाषा अस्ति। भाषेयम् अनेकाषाम् भाषाणाम् जननी मता। प्राचीनयोः ज्ञानविज्ञानयोः निधिः अस्यां सुरक्षितः। संस्कृतस्य महत्त्वविषये केनापि कथितम्-भारतस्य प्रतिष्ठे द्वे संस्कृतं संस्कृतिस्तथा।

इयं भाषा अतीव वैज्ञानिकी। केचन कथयन्ति यत् संस्कृतमेव सङ्गणकस्य कृते सर्वोत्तमा भाषा। अस्याः वाङ्मयं वेदैः, पुराणैः, नीतिशास्त्रैः चिकित्साशास्त्रादिभिः च समृद्धमस्ति। कालिदासादीनाम् विश्वकवीनाम् काव्यसौन्दर्यम् अनुपमम्। कौटिल्यरचितम् अर्थशास्त्रम् जगति प्रसिद्धम् अस्ति।

प्रश्नाः
I. एकपदेन उत्तरत- (1 × 2 = 2)
(i) कस्य कृते संस्कृत-भाषा सर्वोत्तमा भाषा?
(ii) विश्वस्य प्राचीनतमा भाषा का अस्ति?

II. पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरत- (2 × 1 = 2)
(i) संस्कृतस्य वाङ्मयं कैः समृद्धम् अस्ति?

III. यथानिर्देशं उत्तरत- (½ × 2 = 1)
(क) ‘अनुपमम्’ इति विशेषणपदस्य विशेष्यपदं किम्?
(i) काव्यसौन्दर्यम्
(ii) अर्थशास्त्रम्
(iii) प्रसिद्धम्
(iv) समृद्धम्

(ख) ‘कोषः’ इति पदस्य स्थाने किम् पदम् प्रयुक्तम्?
(i) जगति
(ii) निधिः
(iii) कृते
(iv) कथितम्

प्रश्न 13.
अधोलिखितं पद्यांशं पठित्वा प्रश्नान् उत्तरत- (1 × 4 = 4)

आलस्यं हि मनुष्याणां शरीरस्थो महान् रिपुः।
नास्त्युद्यमसमो बन्धुः कृत्वा यं नावसीदति।।

प्रश्नाः

1. मनुष्याणां शरीरस्थो महान् रिपुः कः?
2. मनुष्यस्य बन्धु कः अस्ति?
3. किम् कृत्वा मनुष्यः न अवसीदति?
4. आलस्यं केषाम् महान रिपुः अस्ति?

प्रश्न 14.
श्लोकांशान् मेलयत- (1 × 4 = 4)

प्रश्न 15.
विलोमपदानि मेलयत- (½ × 6 = 3)

प्रश्न 16.
मञ्जूषातः समानार्थकपदानि चित्वा लिखत- (½ × 6 = 3)

मेघः, विशालः, उन्नतः, बाधितः, गगनम्, वृक्षः

1. विपुलः _________
2. अवरुद्धः _________
3. अम्बरम् _________
4. तुङ्गः _________
5. अम्बुदः _________
6. तरू: _________

प्रश्न 17.
स्थूलपदानां स्थाने समुचितं प्रश्नवाचकं प्रदत्तविकल्पेभ्यः चित्वा प्रश्ननिर्माणम् कुरुत- (½ × 4 = 2)

1. विद्या दिक्षु कीर्ति तनोति।
(i) कुत्र
(ii) किम्
(ii) कम्
(iv) का

2. गजस्य वधेनैव मम दुःखम् अपसरेत्।
(i) किम्
(ii) कस्य
(iii) कस्मिन्
(iv) कस्याः

3. चटकायाः नीडं भुवि अपतत्।
(i) किम्
(ii) कः
(iii) का
(iv) काम्

4. अस्माकं त्रिवर्णध्वजः विश्वविजयी भवेत्।
(i) के
(ii) कः
(iii) काः
(iv) का।

प्रश्न 18.
अधोलिखितानि वाक्यानि घटनाक्रमानुसारं लिखत- (½ × 8 = 4)

1. रमाबाई-महोदयायाः विपिनबिहारीदासेन सह विवाहः अभवत्।
2. 1858 तमे निष्टाब्दे रमाबाई जन्म अभवत्।
3. सा उच्चशिक्षार्थम् इंग्लैण्डदेशं गतवती।
4. 1922 तमे निष्टाब्दे रमाबाई-महोदयायाः निधनम् अभवत्
5. सा मुम्बईनगरे शारदा-सदनम् अस्थापयत्।
6. सा स्वमातुः संस्कृतशिक्षा प्राप्तवती।
7. सा देश- विदेशानाम् अनेकासु भाषासु निपुणा आसीत्।
8. तस्याः पिता अनन्तशास्त्री डोंगरे माता च लक्ष्मीबाई आस्ताम्।

By going through these CBSE Class 7 Sanskrit Notes Chapter 15 लालनगीतम् Summary, Notes, word meanings, translation in Hindi, students can recall all the concepts quickly.

Class 7 Sanskrit Chapter 15 लालनगीतम् Summary Notes

लालनगीतम् पाठ का परिचय

प्रस्तुत पाठ के श्लोकों में रुचिकर गीत है। इस गीत में प्रकृति का सुन्दर चित्रण है। लयबद्ध श्लोकों में सूर्य, नदी, मन्दिर, फूल, वृक्ष, गाय, शेर, हिरण, ऊँट, घोड़ा और भालू आदि का सजीव वर्णन है।

लालनगीतम् Summary

पाठ का सार इस प्रकार हैप्रातः सूर्य उदय होता है। पक्षी कलकल की ध्वनि करते हैं। मन्दिर में घण्टा ध्वनि होती है। नदी के जल में नाव बहती है। फूलों पर विभिन्न रंग खिलते हैं। उन पर विचित्र तितलियाँ उड़ती हैं। प्रत्येक वृक्ष पर नए पत्ते हैं। गायें प्रातः दूध देती हैं। उसका दूध शुद्ध और मीठा होता है। गहन जंगल में बाघ गर्जना करता है। जोर से सिंह दहाड़ता है। मृग घास खाते हैं। वह विलासपूर्वक सर्वत्र चलता है। ऊँट धीरे-धीरे चलता है। पीठ पर अत्यधिक वजन ढोता है। घोड़ा तेज दौड़ता है। दौड़ते समय कुछ भी नहीं खाता है। भालू नाच दिखाता है।

लालनगीतम् Word Meanings Translation in Hindi

(क) उदिते सूर्ये धरणी विहसति।
पक्षी कूजति कमलं विकसति॥1॥

शब्दार्थाः (Word Meanings) :
उदिते-उगने पर, निकलने पर (on rising), धरणी-पृथ्वी (earth), विहसति-हँस रही है (laughs), कूजति-चहचहा रहा है (chirps), विकसति-खिल रहा है (blooms)

सरलार्थ :
सूर्य के उगने पर (निकलने पर) पृथ्वी हँस रही है, पक्षी चहचहा रहा है, कमल खिल रहा है।

English Translation :
On rising of the sun (at sunrise) the earth is beaming. The bird chirps. The lotus blooms.

(ख) नदति मन्दिरे उच्चैढक्का।
सरितः सलिले सेलति नौका॥2॥

शब्दार्थाः (Word Meanings) :
नदति-आवाज/ध्वनि करता है (makes sound), उच्चैः-जोर से (loudly), ढक्का -नगाड़ा (drum), सरितः-नदी के (of river), सेलति-डगमगाती है (shakes), सलिले-जल में (in the water).

सरलार्थ :
मन्दिर में नगाड़ा ज़ोर से आवाज़ कर रहा है। नदी के जल में नाव डगमगा रही है।

English Translation :
In the temple the drum is making a loud sound. The boat rocks/sways in the water of river.

(ग) पुष्पे पुष्पे नानारङ्गाः।
तेषु डयन्ते चित्रपतङ्गाः॥3॥

शब्दार्थाः (Word Meanings) :
नानारङ्गाः-विभिन्न रंग (different colours), डयन्ते-उड़ते हैं (fly), चित्रपतङ्गाः-रंगबिरंगी तितलियाँ (butterflies).

सरलार्थ :
विभिन्न फूलों पर विभिन्न रंग हैं। उन पर रंगबिरंगी तितलियाँ उड़ती हैं।

English Translation :
There are different colours on different flowers. The butterflies fly over them.

(घ) वृक्षे वृक्षे नूतनपत्रम्।
विविधैर्वर्णैर्विभाति चित्रम्॥4॥

शब्दार्थाः (Word Meanings) :
नूतन-नया (new), वर्णैः-रंगों से (with colours), विभाति सुशोभित होता है (is well-adorned).

सरलार्थ :
प्रत्येक पेड़ पर नए-नए पत्ते हैं। विभिन्न रंगों से चित्र (दृश्य) सुशोभित होता है।

English Translation :
There are new leaves on every tree. The picture (scenery) is well-adorned with different colours.

(ङ) धेनुः प्रातर्यच्छति दुग्धम्।
शुद्धं स्वच्छं मधुरं स्निग्धम्॥5॥

शब्दार्थाः (Word Meanings):
यच्छति-देती है (gives), धेनुः-गाय (cow), स्निग्धम्-चिकना (creamy).

सरलार्थ :
गाय सुबह शुद्ध, साफ़, मीठा (और) चिकना दूध देती है।

English Translation :
The cow gives pure, clean, sweet (and) creamy milk in the morning.

(च) गहने विपिने व्याघ्रो गर्जति।
उच्चस्तत्र च सिंहः नर्दति॥6॥

शब्दार्थाः (Word Meanings) :
गहने-घने (dense), विपिने-जंगल में (in forest), व्याघ्रो (व्याघ्रः)-बाघ (tiger), गर्जति-गरजता है (roars), नर्दति-दहाड़ता है (roars).

सरलार्थ :
घने जंगल में बाघ गरजता है और वहाँ शेर ज़ोर से दहाड़ता है।

English Translation:
The tiger roars in the dense forest, and there the lion roars loudly.

(छ) हरिणोऽयं खादति नवघासम्।
सर्वत्र च पश्यति सविलासम्॥7॥

शब्दार्थाः (Word Meanings) :
हरिणोऽयं (हिरण:+अयं)-यह हिरण (this deer), नवघासम् नई उगी हुई मुलायम घास को (newly grown tender grass), सर्वत्र-चारों ओर (all around), सविलासम्-प्रसन्नता से (with happiness).

सरलार्थ :
यह हिरण नई घास खाता है और सब स्थानों पर प्रसन्नता से देखता है।

English Translation :
This deer eats the new grass and looks all around with happiness.

(ज) उष्ट्रः तुङ्गः मन्दं गच्छति।
पृष्ठे प्रचुरं भारं निवहति ॥8॥

शब्दार्थाः (Word Meanings) :
उष्ट्रः-ऊँट (camel), तुङ्गः-ऊँचा (tall), मन्दं-धीरे (slowly), पृष्ठे-पीठ पर (on the back), प्रचुरं-बहुत अधिक (a lot/too much), निवहति-ढोता है (hauls).

सरलार्थ :
ऊँचा ऊँट धीरे-धीरे चलता है। पीठ पर बहुत अधिक भार (बोझ) ढोता (ले जाता) है।

English Translation :
The tall camel goes slowly. (It) hauls a lot of load on its back.

(झ) घोटकराजः क्षिप्रं धावति।
धावनसमये किमपि न खादति॥9॥

शब्दार्थाः (Word Meanings) :
घोटकराजः-घोड़ा (horse), क्षिप्रं-तेज़ी से (fast), धावनसमये .दौड़ने के समय (at the time of running), किमपि-कुछ भी (anything).

सरलार्थः
घोड़ा तेज़ी से दौड़ता है। दौड़ते समय कुछ भी नहीं खाता है।

English Translation :
The horse runs fast. It does not eat anything at the time of running.

(ञ) पश्यत भल्लुकमिमं करालम्।
नृत्यति थथथै कुरु करतालम्॥10॥

शब्दार्थाः (Word Meanings) :
भल्लुकः-भालू (bear), करालम्- भयानक (fearful), करतालम् ताली (clap.)

सरलार्थ :
इस भयानक भालू को देखो। ताली बजाओ, (यह) थाथैया नाचता है।

English Translation :
Look at this fearful bear. Clap, (it) dances that the thaiya.

By going through these CBSE Class 7 Sanskrit Notes Chapter 14 अनारिकायाः जिज्ञासा Summary, Notes, word meanings, translation in Hindi, students can recall all the concepts quickly.

Class 7 Sanskrit Chapter 14 अनारिकायाः जिज्ञासा Summary Notes

अनारिकायाः जिज्ञासा पाठ का परिचय

प्रस्तुत पाठ की कथा के द्वारा बच्चों के मन में उठने वाले भावों एवं विचारों का वर्णन किया गया है। इस पाठ में अप्रत्यक्ष रूप में अनारिका के माध्यम से कहा गया है कि पुल का उद्घाटन उसके निर्माणकर्ता द्वारा होना चाहिए। पाठ से ‘ऋकारान्त’ शब्द रूपों का ज्ञान प्राप्त होता है।

अनारिकायाः जिज्ञासा Summary

अनारिका के मन में जिज्ञासा बनी रहती थी। उसके प्रश्न सुनकर प्रत्येक व्यक्ति की बुद्धि भ्रमित हो जाती थी। एक बार वह उदास थी। वह घर से बाहर निकल गई। उसने देखा कि सभी मार्ग सजे हुए हैं। अतः कोई मन्त्री आज आएगा। उसने घर आकर अपने पिता से मन्त्री के आगमन का कारण पूछा। उसके पिता ने बताया कि एक पुल का निर्माण हुआ है।

उसके उद्घाटन के लिए मन्त्री जी आ रहे हैं। उसने पूछा कि क्या मन्त्री ने पुल का निर्माण किया है ? उसके पिता ने बताया कि पुल का निर्माण नौकर करते हैं। उसके पिता ने आगे बताया कि प्रजा सरकार को धन देती है। उस धन से पत्थर इत्यादि सामग्री खरीदी जाती है। इससे पुल का निर्माण होता है। इस प्रकार उसके पिता ने अनारिका की जिज्ञासा को शान्त किया।

अनारिकायाः जिज्ञासा Word Meanings Translation in Hindi

(क) बालिकायाः अनारिकायाः मनसि सर्वदा महती जिज्ञासा भवति। अतः सा बहून् प्रश्नान्
पृच्छति। तस्याः प्रश्नैः सर्वेषां बुद्धिः चक्रवत् भ्रमति।

शब्दार्थाः (Word Meanings) :
मनसि-मन में (in the mind), सर्वदा-हमेशा (always), जिज्ञासा-कुतूहल (curiosity), पृच्छति-पूछती है (asks), सर्वेषां-सबकी (everyone’s), चक्रवत् पहिए के समान (like a wheel), भ्रमति-घूमती है (spins).

सरलार्थ :
बालिका अनारिका के मन में हमेशा बड़ा कुतूहल (जानने की इच्छा) होता है। इसलिए वह बहुत प्रश्न पूछती है। उसके प्रश्नों से सबकी बुद्धि पहिए के समान घूमने लगती है।

English Translation :
There is always great curiosity in the mind of child Anarika. Therefore. she asks lots of questions. Everyone’s intellect spins like a wheel at her questions.

(ख) प्रातः उत्थाय सा अन्वभवत् यत् तस्याः मनः प्रसन्नं नास्ति। मनोविनोदाय सा भ्रमितुं गृहात् बहिः अगच्छत्। भ्रमणकाले सा अपश्यत् यत् मार्गाः सुसज्जिताः सन्ति। सा चिन्तयति- किमर्थम् इयं सज्जा? सा अस्मरत् यत् अद्य तु मन्त्री आगमिष्यति।

शब्दार्थाः (Word Meanings) :
अन्वभवत्-अनुभव किया (felt), मनोविनोदाय-मन को प्रसन्न करने के लिए (to make her mind happy), भ्रमितुं-घूमने के लिए (to stroll), भ्रमणकाले-घूमने के समय (at the time of strolling), सुसज्जिताः-सजे हुए (decorated), अस्मरत्-याद किया (remembered), मन्त्री-मन्त्री (minister).

सरलार्थ : सुबह उठकर उसने अनुभव किया कि उसका मन प्रसन्न (खुश) नहीं है। मन प्रसन्न करने के लिए वह घूमने के लिए घर से बाहर गई। घूमने के समय उसने देखा कि रास्ते सजे हुए हैं। वह सोचती है-किस लिए यह तैयारी है? उसे याद आया कि आज तो मन्त्री आएँगे।

English Translation :
On getting up in the morning she felt that her mind was not happy. To make her mind happy she went out of her home to stroll. At the time of strolling she saw that the paths were decorated. She thinks- What is this decoration for? Thinking thus she remembered that the minister would be coming today

(ग) सः अत्र किमर्थम् आगमिष्यति इति विषये तस्याः जिज्ञासाः प्रारब्धाः। गृहम् आगत्य सा पितरम् अपृच्छत्-“पितः! मन्त्री किमर्थम् आगच्छति?” पिता अवदत्-“पुत्रि! नद्याः उपरि किं मन्त्री सेतोः निर्माणम् अकरोत्?”

शब्दार्थाः (Word Meanings):
जिज्ञासा-कुतूहल(जानने की इच्छा) (curiosity), प्रारब्धाः -आरम्भ हुईं (begun/aroused), आगत्य-आकर (having come), किमर्थम्-किस लिए (What for), निर्मितः निर्माण किया गया (constructed), उपरि-ऊपर (over), सेतुः-पुल (bridge), उद्घाटनार्थ-उद्घाटन के लिए (for inauguration).

सरलार्थ :
वे यहाँ किसलिए आएँगे इस विषय में उसका कुतूहल आरम्भ हुआ। घर आकर उसने पिता से पूछा-“पिता जी! मन्त्री किसलिए आ रहे हैं।” पिता जी बोले-“पुत्री! नदी के ऊपर नया पुल बना है, उसके उद्घाटन के लिए मन्त्री आ रहे हैं।” अनारिका ने फिर पूछा-“पिता जी! क्या मन्त्री ने पुल का निर्माण किया है?”

English Translation :
What will he come here for? Her curiosity was aroused in this matter. On returning home she asked her father, “Father! Why is the minister coming?” The father replied, “Daughter! the new bridge that has been constructed over the river, the minister is coming for its inauguration.” Anarika asked again, “Father! Did the minister construct the bridge?”

(घ) पिता अकथयत्-“न हि पुत्रि! सेतोः निर्माणं कर्मकराः अकुर्वन्!” पुनः अनारिकायाः प्रश्न: आसीत्-“यदि कर्मकराः सेतोः निर्माणम् अकुर्वन्, तदा मन्त्री किमर्थम् आगच्छति?” पिता अवदत्-“यतो हि सः अस्माकं देशस्य मन्त्री।” “पितः! सेतोः निर्माणाय प्रस्तराणि कुतः आयान्ति? किं तानि मन्त्री ददाति?”

शब्दार्थाः (Word Meanings) :
कर्मकरा:-मजदूर (labourers), यतोहि-क्योंकि (because), अस्माकं-हमारा (our), सेतो:-पुल का (of the bridge), निर्माणाय-बनाने के लिए (for construction), प्रस्तराणि (ब०व०)-पत्थर (stones), आयान्ति-आते हैं (are coming), ददाति-देता है/देते हैं (is giving).

सरलार्थ :
पिता ने कहा- “नहीं पुत्री! पुल का निर्माण मजदूरों ने किया था।” फिर अनारिका का प्रश्न था “यदि मजदूरों ने पुल बनाया है, तब मन्त्री किसलिए आ रहे हैं?” पिता बोले-“क्योंकि, वे हमारे देश के मन्त्री हैं।” “पिता जी! पुल को बनाने के लिए पत्थर कहाँ से आते हैं ? क्या उन्हें मन्त्री देते हैं ?”

English Translation:
The father said, “No daughter, the bridge was constructed by the labourers.” Then Anarika’s question was, “If the labourers have constructed the bridge then why is the minister coming?” The father replied, “Because, he is the minister of our country.” (Anarika asked), “Father! From where have the stones come for construction of the bridge? Does the minister give them (stones)?”

(ङ) विरक्तभावेन पिता उदतरत्-“अनारिके! प्रस्तराणि जनाः पर्वतेभ्यः आनयन्ति।”पितः! तर्हि किम्, एतदर्थं मन्त्री धनं ददाति? तस्य पार्वे धनानि कुतः आगच्छन्ति?” एतान् प्रश्नान् श्रुत्वा पिताऽवदत्-“अरे! प्रजाः सर्वकाराय धनं प्रयच्छन्ति।” विस्मिता अनारिका पुनः अपृच्छत् “पितः! कर्मकराः पर्वतेभ्यः प्रस्तराणि आनयन्ति। ते एव सेतुं निर्मान्ति। प्रजाः सर्वकाराय – धनं ददति। तथापि सेतोः उद्घाटनार्थं मन्त्री किमर्थम् आगच्छति?”

शब्दार्थाः (Word Meanings) :
उदतरत्-उत्तर दिया (replied), प्रस्तराणि-पत्थर- पत्थर (stones) पर्वतेभ्यः -पहाड़ों से (from the mountains), आनयन्ति-लाते हैं (bringing), सर्वकाराय सरकार के लिए (for government), तर्हि-तो (then), किमर्थम् (किम् + अर्थम् )—किसलिए, क्यों (why).

सरलार्थ :
पिता ने उदासीन भाव से उत्तर दिया, “अनारिका! पत्थर लोग पहाड़ों से लाते हैं।” “पिता जी! तो क्या! इसके लिए मन्त्री धन देते हैं ? उनके पास धन कहाँ से आते हैं?” इन प्रश्नों को सुनकर पिता बोले -“अरे! प्रजाएँ सरकार को धन देती हैं।” आश्चर्यचकित अनारिका ने फिर पूछा- “पिता जी! मज़दूर पहाड़ों से पत्थर लाते हैं, वे ही पुल बनाते हैं, प्रजाएँ सरकार को धन देती हैं, तो भी मन्त्री पुल के उद्घाटन के लिए किसलिए (क्यों) आ रहे हैं?”

English Translation:
The father replied indifferently, “Anarika, people bring the stones from the mountains.” (Anarika asked), “Father, then does the minister give money for this? From where is he getting the money?” Hearing these questions the father said, “Oh, the people give money to the government.” Surprised Anarika again asked, “Father! if labourers bring stones from mountains. They themselves make the bridge, the people give money to the government then why is the minister coming for inauguration of the bridge?”

(च) पिता अवदत्-“प्रथममेव अहम् अकथयम् यत् सः देशस्य मन्त्री अस्ति।स जनप्रतिनिधिः अपि अस्ति। जनतायाः घोष निर्मितस्य सेतोः उद्घाटनाय जन प्रतिनिधिः आमन्त्रितो भवति। चल, सुसज्जिता भूत्वा विद्यालयं चल।” अनारिकायाः मनसि इतोऽपि बहवः प्रश्नाः सन्ति।

शब्दार्थाः (Word Meanings) :
प्रथममेव (प्रथमम् + एव)-पहले ही (already /in the beginning), उत्तरन्-उत्तर देते हुए (replying), भूत्वा (भू + क्त्वा)-होकर (being), इदानीम्-अब (now), बहवः-बहुत से (so many), इतोऽपि-इससे भी (even more) निर्मितस्य-बने हुए (already made) सेतो:-पुल का (bridge)

सरलार्थ :
पिता बोले, “पहले ही मैंने कहा था कि वे देश के मन्त्री हैं। जनप्रतिनिधि भी हैं। जनता के धन से बने हुए पुल के उद्घाटन के लिए जनता के प्रतिनिधि निमन्त्रित किए जाते हैं। चलो, तैयार होकर विद्यालय जाओ।” अब भी अनारिका के मन में बहुत से प्रश्न हैं।

English Translation:
The father said, “I had already said that he is the minister of the country. He is the public representative also. For the inauguration of the bridge constructed from the public money, the public representatives are invited. Go, get ready and go to the school.” Still there are many questions in Anarika’s mind.

 

By going through these CBSE Class 7 Sanskrit Notes Chapter 13 अमृतं संस्कृतम् Summary, Notes, word meanings, translation in Hindi, students can recall all the concepts quickly.

Class 7 Sanskrit Chapter 13 अमृतं संस्कृतम् Summary Notes

अमृतं संस्कृतम् पाठ का परिचय

प्रस्तुत पाठ में संस्कृत-भाषा के महत्त्व का वर्णन है। यह भाषा संसार की भाषाओं में प्राचीनतम और अधिकतर भाषाओं की जननी है। यह परिमार्जित और वैज्ञानिक भाषा है। इसका साहित्य संस्कृति का ज्ञान प्रदान करता है। अतः संस्कृति, आचरण और श्रेष्ठ ज्ञान प्राप्त करने के लिए संस्कृत अवश्य पढ़नी चाहिए।पाठ से ‘इकारान्त स्त्रीलिंग’ शब्दों का ज्ञान प्राप्त होगा।

अमृतं संस्कृतम् Summary

संसार की सभी भाषाओं में संस्कृत प्राचीनतम भाषा है। यह प्रायः सभी भारतीय प्रादेशिक भाषाओं की मूल स्वीकार की गई है। इसमें ज्ञान और विज्ञान का खजाना सुरक्षित है। संस्कृत भाषा कम्प्यूटर के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त भाषा है। इसका साहित्य अत्यधिक समृद्ध है। इसमें वेदों, शास्त्रों, पुराणों तथा अन्य आधुनिक शास्त्रों की रचना हुई है। संस्कृत भाषा के कालिदास जैसे कवि विश्व में प्रसिद्ध हैं। संस्कृत भाषा में अनेक शास्त्रों की रचना हुई। अनेक आचार्यों ने उल्लेखनीय कार्य किया है। आचार्य भास्कर, महर्षि चरक और महर्षि सुश्रुत का नाम आज भी आदर के साथ लिया जाता है।

संस्कृत की विशेषता सर्वतोमुखी है। इसका नीतिशास्त्र विश्व प्रसिद्ध है। नीतिशास्त्र में नीतिविषयक वचनों का संग्रह प्राप्त है। ये वचन मनुष्य को जीवनोपयोगी व समाजोपयोगी व्यवहार सिखाते हैं। संस्कृत के कारण ही भारत विश्व का गुरु कहलाता है। इसके सर्वातिशायी गुणों के कारण ही यह भाषा अजर-अमर है।

अमृतं संस्कृतम् Word Meanings Translation in Hindi

(क) विश्वस्य उपलब्धासु भाषासु संस्कृतभाषा प्राचीनतमा भाषास्ति। भाषेयं अनेकाषां
भाषाणां जननी मता। प्राचीनयोः ज्ञानविज्ञानयोः निधिः अस्यां सुरक्षितः। संस्कृतस्य
महत्त्वविषये केनापि कथितम्- ‘भारतस्य प्रतिष्ठे द्वे संस्कृतं संस्कृतिस्तथा’।

शब्दार्थाः (Word Meanings) :
उपलब्धासु- उपलब्ध (भाषाओं) में (among available (languages)), प्राचीनतमा-सबसे पुरानी (oldest), भाषेयम् (भाषा+इयम् )-यह भाषा (this language), जननी-माता (mother), मता-मानी गई है (is considered), निधिः-खजाना (treasure), प्रतिष्ठे-दो प्रतिष्ठाएँ/सम्मानप्रद तत्त्व (two matters of honour).

सरलार्थ :
संसार की सभी उपलब्ध भाषाओं में संस्कृत भाषा सबसे अधिक प्राचीन है। यह भाषा अनेक भाषाओं की माता मानी गई है। प्राचीन ज्ञान विज्ञान का खज़ाना इसमें सुरक्षित है। संस्कृत के महत्त्व के विषय में किसी के द्वारा कहा गया है- भारत की दो प्रतिष्ठाएँ हैं- संस्कृत और (देश की) संस्कृति।

English Translation :
Of all the available languages of the world Sanskrit is the oldest language. This language is considered to be the mother of many languages. In this language (only) the treasure of knowledge and science is preserved. In the context of greatness of Sanskrit it has been said by someone “These two Sanskrit and culture are the honour (pride) of India.’

(ख) इयं भाषां अतीव वैज्ञानिकी। केचन कथयन्ति यत् संस्कृतमेव सङ्गणकस्य कृते सर्वोत्तमा भाषा। अस्याः वाङ्मयं वेदैः, पुराणैः, नीतिशास्त्रैः चिकित्साशास्त्रादिभिश्च समृद्धमस्ति। कालिदासादीनां विश्वकवीनां काव्यसौन्दर्यम् अनुपमम्।कौटिल्यरचितम् अर्थशास्त्रं जगति प्रसिद्धमस्ति। गणितशास्त्रे शून्यस्य प्रतिपादनं सर्वप्रथमम् आर्यभट: अकरोत्। चिकित्साशास्त्रे चरकसुश्रुतयो: योगदानं विश्वप्रसिद्धम्। संस्कृते यानि अन्यानि शास्त्राणि विद्यन्ते तेषु वास्तुशास्त्रं, रसायनशास्त्रं, खगोलविज्ञानं, ज्योतिषशास्त्रं, विमानशास्त्रं इत्यादीनि उल्लेखनीयानि।

शब्दार्थाः (Word Meanings) :
केचन-कुछ लोग (some people), सर्वोत्तमा-सर्वश्रेष्ठ (best), वाङ्मयं-साहित्य (literature), अनुपमम्-अतुलनीय (incomparable), जगति-संसार में (in the world), अर्थशास्त्रम्-अर्थशास्त्र (economics), गणितशास्त्रे-गणित शास्त्र में (in Mathematics), शून्यस्य-शून्य का (of zero), सर्वप्रथमं – सबसे पहले (first of all), योगदानम्- योगदान (contribution), विश्वप्रसिद्धम्- संसार में विख्यात (world famous), खगोलशास्त्रं-अन्तरिक्ष शास्त्र (space science), वास्तुशास्त्रं-वास्तुशास्त्र (architecture), रसायनशास्त्रं-रसायनशास्त्र (chemistry), ज्योतिषशास्त्रं-ज्योतिषशास्त्र (astronomy), विमानशास्त्रं-विमानशास्त्र (aeronautics), उल्लेखनीयम्-लिखने (बताने) योग्य (remarkable/notable).

सरलार्थ :
यह भाषा बहुत वैज्ञानिकी है। कुछ लोग कहते हैं कि संस्कृत ही कम्प्यूटर के लिए सर्वश्रेष्ठ (सर्वोत्तम) भाषा है। इसका साहित्य वेदों से, पुराणों से, नीतिशास्त्रों से और चिकित्साशास्त्र आदि को से सम्पन्न (परिपूर्ण) है। कालिदास आदि विश्वकवियों का काव्य-सौन्दर्य अतुलनीय है। चाणक्य द्वारा रचित अर्थशास्त्र संसार में प्रसिद्ध है। गणितशास्त्र में शून्य का प्रयोग सबसे पहले आर्यभट्ट ने किया था। चिकित्साशास्त्र में चरक और सुश्रुत का योगदान विश्वविख्यात है। संस्कृत में जो दूसरे शास्त्र हैं, उनमें वास्तुशास्त्र, रसायनशास्त्र, अन्तरिक्ष विज्ञान, ज्योतिषशास्त्र और विमानशास्त्र इत्यादि उल्लेखनीय हैं।

English Translation:
This language is very scientific. Some say that Sanskrit is the appropriate language for computers. Its literature is rich with Vedas, Purans, work of ethics and medical science etc. The beauty of poetry of world poets like Kalidas is incomparable. Arthshastra written by Chanakya is famous in the world.

First of all the use of zero in Mathematics was made by Bhaskaracharya. The contribution of Charak and Sushrut in medical science is world famous. Of the other scriptures in Sanskrit, architecture, chemistry, space science, astronomy and aeronautics are notable (remarkable).

(ग) संस्कृते विद्यमानाः सूक्तयः अभ्युदयाय प्रेरयन्ति। यथा-सत्यमेव जयते, वसुधैव कुटुम्बकम्, विद्ययाऽमृतमश्नुते, योगः कर्मसु कौशलम् इत्यादयः। सर्वभूतेषु आत्मवत् व्यवहारं कर्तुं संस्कृतभाषा सम्यक् शिक्षयति।

शब्दार्थाः (Word Meanings) :
विद्यमानाः-विद्यमान (existing), अभ्युदयाय-भौतिक उन्नति के लिए (for physicali progress), सत्यमेव (सत्यम् + एव)-सत्य ही (Truth alone), वसुधैव (वसुधा + एव)-पृथ्वी ही (The earth), विद्ययाऽमृतम् (विद्यया + अमृतम्)-विद्या द्वारा अमरत्व (Immortality through knowledge), अश्नुते-प्राप्त करता है (obtains), कर्मसु- कर्मों में (in actions / deeds.), सर्वभूतेषु-सब प्राणियों के प्रति (towards all beings), सम्यक् भली-भाँति (in a befitting manner)

सरलार्थ :
संस्कृत (साहित्य) में विद्यमान सूक्तियाँ भौतिक उन्नति के लिए प्रेरित करती हैं। जैसे- ‘सत्य की ही सदा विजय होती है’ ‘सारी पृथ्वी ही एक छोटा सा परिवार है’, ‘विद्या द्वारा अमरत्व की प्राप्ति होती है (अर्थात् विद्या द्वारा मनुष्य अमर हो जाता है)’ ‘कर्मों में कौशल/निपुणता ही योग है’ इत्यादि। सब के प्रति अपने जैसा व्यवहार करने के लिए संस्कृत भाषा अच्छी तरह से शिक्षा देती है।

English Translation :
The quotes existing in the Sanskrit language inspire us for progress (in life). For example- Truth alone triumphs’, ‘The entire earth is like a family’, ‘One obtains immortality through knowledge’, ‘Skill/perfection in performing actions/deeds is yoga’ etc. Sanskrit language (literature) guides/instructs/enlightens us properly one should behave toward others as towards one self.

(घ) केचन कथयन्ति यत् संस्कृतभाषायां केवलं धार्मिकं साहित्यम् वर्तते-एषा धारणा समीचीना नास्ति।
संस्कृतग्रन्थेषु मानवजीवनाय विविधाः विषयाः समाविष्टाः सन्ति।
महापुरुषाणां मतिः, उत्तमजनानां धृतिः सामान्यजनानां जीवनपद्धतिः च वर्णिताः सन्ति।
अतः अस्माभिः संस्कृतम् अवश्यमेव पठनीयम्। तेन मनुष्यस्य समाजस्य च परिष्कारः भवेत्।
उक्तञ्च —
अमृतं संस्कृतं मित्र!
सरसं सरलं वचः। भाषासु महनीयं यद्
ज्ञानविज्ञानपोषकम्॥

शब्दार्थाः (Word Meanings) :
केचन-कुछ (some), धारणा-सोच (notion), समीचीना उचिता (proper), समाविष्टाः -समावेश (समाये हुए) (contain), मति:-बुद्धि (wisdom), धृतिः धैर्य (patience), जीवनपद्धतिः-जीवन की प्रणाली (life system) परिष्कारः-शुद्धि (refinement sublimation), वचः-वाणी (language), महनीयम्-आदरणीय, पूज्य (respectable, honourable), पोषकम्-पोषण करने वाला (nourishes).

सरलार्थ :
कुछ लोग कहते हैं कि संस्कृत भाषा में केवल धार्मिक साहित्य है-यह सोच (धारणा) उचित नहीं है। संस्कृत ग्रन्थों में मानव जीवन के लिए विभिन्न विषयों का समावेश (समाए हुए) है। महापुरुषों की बुद्धि, सज्जनों का धैर्य और सामान्य मनुष्यों की जीवन प्रणाली (पद्धति) वर्णित की गई है। इसलिए हमारे द्वारा संस्कृत अवश्य ही पढ़ने योग्य है अर्थात् हमें संस्कृत अवश्य पढ़नी चाहिए। जिससे मानव की और समाज की शुद्धि हो। और कहा गया है मित्र संस्कृत अमृत है। सरस और सरल वाणी है। भाषाओं में जो सम्मान के योग्य है और ज्ञान एवं विज्ञान की पोषक (पोषण करने वाली) है।

English Translation :
Some (people) say that Sanskrit language has only religious literature. This view is not proper. The wisdom of greatmen, patience of gentlemen and life style of ordinary people has been described. Therefore Sanskrit language is definitely worth studying so that (by which) there is refinement/sublimation of human beings and society. And it has been said—“Friend!

Sanskrit is ambrosia. It is a sweet and simple language. It is worthy. It is worthy of honour (deserves a place of honour) among languages (of the world) and is a nurturer of the knowledge of arts and sciences i.e helps to nuture and increase our knowledge of arts and science.

By going through these CBSE Class 7 Sanskrit Notes Chapter 10 विश्वबंधुत्वम् Summary, Notes, word meanings, translation in Hindi, students can recall all the concepts quickly.

Class 7 Sanskrit Chapter 10 विश्वबंधुत्वम् Summary Notes

विश्वबंधुत्वम् पाठ का परिचय

प्रस्तुत पाठ के द्वारा संसार में बन्धुत्व अर्थात् भाईचारे की भावना की आवश्यकता और महत्त्व पर प्रकाश डाला गया है। सभी विकसित, विकासशील और अविकसित देशों में परस्पर प्रेम और मित्रता का व्यवहार होना चाहिए। पाठ में वर्णन किया गया है कि सूर्य, चन्द्र और प्रकृति भेदभाव नहीं करते हैं, तब मानव को भी वैरभाव छोड़कर बन्धुत्व के भाव से संसार में व्यवहार करना चाहिए। संसार के कल्याण के लिए सम्पूर्ण पृथ्वी को एक परिवार के रूप में मानने वाले उदार एवं महान् व्यक्ति होते हैं। पाठ में कारक और उपपद विभक्तियों का प्रयोग छात्रों के लिए उपयोगी होगा।

विश्वबंधुत्वम् Summary

इस पाठ में भाईचारे का उपदेश किया गया है। पाठ का सार इस प्रकार है उत्सव में, व्यक्तिगत संकट में, अकाल पड़ने पर, देश पर आपदा आने पर और दैनिक व्यवहार में जो सहायता करता है, वह मित्र होता है। यदि संसार में सब जगह ऐसा भाव आ जाए तो विश्वबन्धुता सम्भव है।

दुःख की बात है कि समूचे संसार में कलह और अशान्ति का वातावरण है। मनुष्य आपस में विश्वास नहीं करते हैं। वे दूसरे के कष्ट को अपना कष्ट नहीं समझते हैं। समर्थ देश असमर्थ देशों के प्रति अनादर की भावना ‘ प्रदर्शित करते हैं और उन पर अपना प्रभुत्व स्थापित करते हैं। संसार में सब जगह शत्रुता, वैर और हिंसा की भावना दिखाई पड़ती है। देशों का विकास भी बाधित होता है।

यह महान् आवश्यकता है कि एक देश दूसरे देश के साथ शुद्ध हृदय से बन्धुता का व्यवहार करें। संसार के मनुष्यों में यह भावना आवश्यक है। इसके द्वारा विकसित अविकसित देशों के बीच में स्वस्थ स्पर्धा होगी। सभी देश ज्ञान विज्ञान के क्षेत्र में मैत्री भावना और सहयोग के द्वारा समृद्धि को प्राप्त करने में समर्थ हो जाएंगे।

सूर्य और चन्द्रमा का प्रकाश सब जगह समान रूप से फैलता है। प्रकृति भी सभी के साथ समान व्यवहार करती है। इसलिए हम सबको आपसी शत्रुता के भाव को छोड़कर संसार में भाईचारा स्थापित करना चाहिए। इसलिए विश्व के कल्याण के लिए ऐसी भावना होनी चाहिए-यह अपना है अथवा पराया है ऐसी सोच संकीर्ण मन वालों की होती है। उदार मन वालों के लिए सम्पूर्ण पृथ्वी ही परिवार होती है।

विश्वबंधुत्वम् Word Meanings Translation in Hindi

(क) उत्सवे, व्यसने, दुर्भिक्षे, राष्ट्रविप्लवे, दैनन्दिनव्यवहारे च यः सहायतां करोति सः बन्धुः
भवति। यदि विश्वे सर्वत्र एतादृशः भावः भवेत् तदा विश्वबन्धुत्वं सम्भवति।

शब्दार्थाः (Word Meanings) :
उत्सवे-पर्व में (in festival), व्यसने-संकट के समय में (at the time of distress), दुर्भिक्षे-अकाल पड़ने पर (at the time of famine), राष्ट्रविप्लवे-देश पर विपत्ति (संकट)आने पर [(coming of) trouble to the country], बन्धुः -भाई अथवा मित्र (brother or friend), विश्वबन्धुत्वं-विश्व के प्रति भाईचारा (brotherhood in the world), सम्भवति सम्भव है (is possible).

सरलार्थ :
पर्व (त्योहार) में, संकट के समय में, अकाल पड़ने पर, देश पर विपत्ति आने पर और दैनिक व्यवहार में जो सहायता करता है, वह भाई होता है। यदि संसार में सब स्थानों पर ऐसी भावना हो, तब संसार में भाईचारा सम्भव होता है।

English Translation :
He who helps during a festival at the time of distress, at the time of famine, adverse during times in a country and during trouble from the enemy is a brother (friend). When there is such feeling everywhere in the world then brotherhood in the world is possible.

(ख) परन्तु अधुना निखिले संसारे कलहस्य अशान्तेः च वातावरणम् अस्ति। मानवाः परस्परं न विश्वसन्ति। ते परस्य कष्टं स्वकीयं कष्टं न गणयन्ति।अपिच समर्थाः देशाः असमर्थान् देशान् प्रति उपेक्षाभावं प्रदर्शयन्ति, तेषाम् उपरि स्वकीयं प्रभुत्वं स्थापयन्ति। संसारे सर्वत्र विद्वेषस्य,शत्रुतायाः, हिंसायाः च भावना दृश्यते।देशानां विकासः अपि अवरुद्धः भवति।

शब्दार्थाः (Word Meanings) :
अधुना-अब (now), निखिले-सम्पूर्ण (में) (in the whole), विश्वसन्ति-विश्वास करते हैं (are trusting), स्वकीयम्-अपना [(one’s) own], उपेक्षाभावम् अनादर की भावना की (disrespect), प्रभुत्वं-प्रभुता को (बड़प्पन की भावना) (superiority), विद्वेषस्य-शत्रुता की (of enmity), अवरुद्धः- रुक जाता/जाती है (stops).

सरलार्थ :
परन्तु अब सारे विश्व में लड़ाई और अशान्ति का वातावरण है। मनुष्य आपस में विश्वास नहीं करते हैं। वे (मनुष्य) दूसरे की पीड़ा को अपनी पीड़ा नहीं गिनते (समझते) हैं। और (भी) सम्पन्न देश असमर्थ (गरीब) देशों के प्रति अनादर का भाव दिखाते हैं और उनके ऊपर अधिकार स्थापित करते हैं (रखते हैं) विश्व में सब स्थानों पर द्वेष की, वैर की और हिंसा की भावना दिखाई देती है। देशों की उन्नति भी रुक जाती है।

English Translation :
But now there is an atmosphere of hostility and unrest in the whole world. Men do not trust each other. They do not consider the pain (trouble) of others as their own. More prosperous countries show (have) a feeling of disrespect for the poorer countries, and impose their superiority over them. Because of that reason the feeling of jealousy, enmity and violence is seen at all places in the world. The progress of the countries also stops.

(ग) इयम् महती आवश्यकता वर्तते यत् एकः देशः अपरेण देशेन सह निर्मलेन हृदयेन बन्धुतायाः व्यवहारं कुर्यात्। विश्वस्य जनेषु इयं भावना आवश्यकी। ततः विकसिताविकसितयोः देशयोः मध्ये स्वस्था स्पर्धा भविष्यति। सर्वे देशाः ज्ञानविज्ञानयोः क्षेत्रे मैत्रीभावनया सहयोगेन च समृद्धि प्राप्तुं समर्थाः भविष्यन्ति।

शब्दार्थाः (Word Meanings) :
वर्तते-है (is), अपरेण-दूसरे से (with another), जनेषु मनुष्यों में (in humans), स्पर्धा-होड़ (मुकाबला) (competition), ज्ञानविज्ञानयोः-ज्ञान और विज्ञान के (of knowledge and science), मैत्रीभावनया-मित्रता की भावना से (with the feeling of friendship).

सरलार्थ :
यह बड़ी आवश्यकता है कि एक देश दूसरे देश के साथ शुद्ध हृदय (मन) से भाईचारे का व्यवहार करे। संसार के लोगों के लिए यह भावना आवश्यक है। तब विकसित और अविकसित देशों के बीच में सही होड़ होगी। सभी देश ज्ञान और विज्ञान के क्षेत्र में मित्रता की भावना से और सहयोग से उन्नति प्राप्त करने के योग्य होंगे।

English Translation:
There is a great need that one country practices a behaviour of brotherhood with another country with a pure heart. This feeling is necessary among the people of this world. Then there will be healthy competition between the developed and undeveloped countries. All countries with the feeling of friendship and co-operation will be capable of progress in the fields of knowledge and science.

(घ) सूर्यस्य चन्द्रस्य च प्रकाशः सर्वत्र समानरूपेण प्रसरति। प्रकृतिः अपि सर्वेषु समत्वेन
व्यवहरति। तस्मात् अस्माभिः सर्वैः परस्परं वैरभावम् अपहाय विश्वबन्धुत्वं स्थापनीयम्।

शब्दार्थाः (Word Meanings) :
प्रसरति-फैलता है/बहता है (flows), ज्ञायते-जाना जाता है (is known), व्यवहरति-व्यवहार करती है (behaves), समत्वेन-समान भावना से (with a similar feeling), अपहाय-छोड़कर (give up), स्थापनीयम्-स्थापित करना चाहिए (establish).

सरलार्थ :
सूर्य और चन्द्र की रोशनी सब स्थानों पर समान रूप से फैलती है। प्रकृति भी सब में समान भावना से व्यवहार करती है। उसी कारण से हम सबको आपसी शत्रुता के भाव को छोड़कर संसार में भाईचारा स्थापित करना चाहिए।

Eglish Translation :
The light of sun and moon spreads equally at all the places. Nature also behaves with equality towards all. Due to this reason, giving up the feeling of mutual enmity we all should establish brotherhood in the world.

(ङ) अतः विश्वस्य कल्याणाय एतादृशी भावना भवेत्
अयं निजः परो वेति गणना लघुचेतसाम्। उदारचरितानां तु वसुधैव कुटुम्बकम्॥

शब्दार्थाः (Word Meanings) :
निजः-अपना (own), लघुचेतसाम्-छोटे हृदय वालों का (of the narrow minded), वसुधैव (वसुधा+एव)-पृथ्वी ही (only earth), उदारचरितानां-विशाल (दयालु) हृदय वालों का (of large hearted people), कुटुम्बकम्-परिवार (family).

सरलार्थ :
इसलिए संसार की भलाई (हित) के लिए ऐसी भावना होनी चाहिए-यह अपना है और यह पराया है, इस प्रकार की गिनती (सोच) क्षुद्र (छोटे) हृदय वाले लोगों की होती है। दयालु अर्थात् विशाल हृदय वाले व्यक्तियों के लिए तो (सारी) पृथ्वी ही एक परिवार है।

English Translation :
Therefore, for the welfare of the world the feeling should be like this-This is (my) own and this is others, the narrow minded people think like this. For large-hearted people the (whole of) earth is one family.