Murali

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 On Equality are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 On Equality.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 7
Subject	Social Science Civics
Chapter	Chapter 1
Chapter Name	On Equality
Number of Questions Solved	14
Category	NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 On Equality

NCERT TEXTBOOK EXERCISES

Question 1.
In a democracy why is universal adult franchise important?
Answer.

1. In a democracy, the universal adult franchise is important because it is based on the principle of equality.
2. It authorizes every adult citizen in a country to cast one vote irrespective of her/ his wealth and the communities she/he belongs to.

Question 2.
Re-read the box on Article 15 and state two ways in which this Article addresses inequality?
Answer.
Article 15 of the Indian Constitution Prohibits discrimination and inequalities.

1. It allows access to shops, public places, restaurants, etc. to all.
2. The general public is allowed to use wells, tanks, bathing ghats maintained wholly or partly by state funds.

Question 3.
In what ways was Omprakash Valmiki’s experience similar to that of the Ansaris?
Answer.

1. The dignity of both Omprakash Valmiki and the Ansaris was violated. They were made victims of inequality in treatment.
2. Omprakash Valmiki was made to sweep the school, because of his caste, and Ansaris were refused to lease the apartments because of their religion.

Question 4.
What do you understand by the term “all persons are equal before the law”? Why do you think it is important in a democracy?
Answer.
It means that every person, from the President of the country to domestic help like Kanta has to obey the same laws. No person can be discriminated against on the basis of their religion, race, caste, etc. Every person has access to all public places including playgrounds, hotels, shops, and markets. All persons can use publicly available wells, roads, and bathing ghats.

Equality is the soul of democracy. We know that democracy is a form of government which gives equal importance and recognition to all. If inequalities on the basis of race, religion, caste, etc. continue to exist, democracy would never flourish. Instead, it would perish very soon.

Question 5.
The Government of India passed the Disabilities Act in 1995. This law states that persons with disabili¬ties have equal rights and that the government should make possible their full participation in society. The government has to provide free education and integrate children with disabilities into mainstream schools. This law also states that all public places including buildings, schools, etc., should be accessible and provided with ramps.

Look at the photograph and think about the boy who is being carried down the stairs. Do you think the above law is being implemented in his case? What needs to be done to make the building more accessible for him? How would his be carried down the stairs affect his dignity as well as his safety?
Answer.

1. The above law is not being implemented in the case of the boy who is being carried down the stairs as shown in the photograph.
2. There is a need to construct public buildings like schools, hospitals, etc., with the provisions of ramps so that they may be more accessible for persons with disabilities.
3. The dignity of the boy is affected by being carried down the stairs because he may feel inferior for his dependency on others for movement in such places. His safety is also at stake as the persons helping him may cause an accident.

INTEXT QUESTIONS

Question 1.
Do you think Kanta has enough reason to doubt whether she really is equal? List three reasons from the story that might make her feel like this. (NCERT Page 6)
Answer.
Yes, Kanta has enough reasons to doubt whether she is really equal.
Reasons:

1. She cannot skip work even when her daughter is ill.
2. She does not have enough money to take her daughter to the doctor.
3. She has to stand in line at a government hospital for her turn to show her daughter to the doctor.

Question 2.
Circle the reference to caste in the matrimonial advertisements given below: (NCERT Page 7)

Answer.

Question 3.
Why do you think Omprakash Valmiki was being treated unequally by his teacher and his classmates? Imagine yourself as Omprakash Valmiki and write four lines about how you would feel if you were in the same situation as him. (NCERT Page 8)
Answer.
Yes, Omprakash Valmiki was being treated unequally by his teacher and his classmates because he was Dalit. We, as Omprakash Valmiki would feel humiliated and many questions would arise in our minds.
Like:

1. do we not have soul, heart?
2. are we not fit for education?
3. why are we treated unequally?

Question 4.
Why do you think the Ansaris were being treated unequally? What would you do if you were in the Ansaris’ position and could not find a place to live because some people did not want to live next to you because of the religion you practice? (NCERT Page 8)
Answer.

1. Ansaris were being treated unequally because they belonged to the Muslim religion.
2. If we were in Ansaris’ position.
   • We would go to the Minority Commission to lodge a complaint against the apartment owners.
   • We would try to reason out with people.

Question 5.
If you were one of the Ansaris how would you have responded to the suggestion that you change your name? (NCERT Page 9)
Answer.
I would have responded in these words:
I will not change my name as there is nothing in the name, we all are God’s creation.

Question 6.
Can you think of an incident in your life in which your dignity was violated? How did this make you feel? (NCERT Page 9)
Answer.

• Yes.
• Disgusted.

(Answer will vary from student to student.)

Question 7.
What is the midday meal programme? Can you list three benefits of the programme? How do you think this program might help promote greater equality? (NCERT Page 11)
Answer.

1. In the midday meal programme students of primary classes are provided lunch in the schools all over the country.
2. Benefits:
   • Truancy after recess has decreased.
   • More and more children enroll themselves in the schools.
   • Would help poor students and improve their concentration.
   • Mothers do not have to leave their work in the mid.
3. This programme might help promote equality as it would reduce caste prejudices.
4. In some places, Dalit women are employed to cook meals for all children.

Question 8.
Find out about one government scheme in your area. What does this scheme do? Who is this scheme set up to benefit? (NCERT Page 11)
Answer.

1. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (S.S.A.).
2. This scheme provides education to those children who do not join schools for one or the other reason.
3. This scheme is set to benefit Dalit children mostly.

Question 9.
How does Article 15 of our constitution address inequality?
Answer.
Article 15 of the Indian Constitution Prohibits discrimination and inequalities.

1. It allows access to shops, public places, restaurants, etc. to all.
2. The general public is allowed to use wells, tanks, bathing ghats maintained wholly or partly by state funds.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 On Equality help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 On Equality, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Water are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Water.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 7
Subject	Social Science Geography
Chapter	Chapter 5
Chapter Name	Water
Number of Questions Solved	9
Category	NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Water

NCERT TEXTBOOK EXERCISES

Question 1.
Answer the following questions.

1. What is precipitation?
2. What is the water cycle?
3. What are the factors affecting the height of the waves?
4. Which factors affect the movement of ocean water?
5. What are tides and how are they caused?
6. What are ocean currents?

Answer.

1. Precipitation: Precipitation is the fall of moisture on the ground in the form of rainfall, snow, sleet and hailstones.
2. Water Cycle:
   • The sun’s heat causes evaporation of water from various water bodies.
     
   • These vapors cools down, it condenses and forms clouds.
   • Once the clouds reach saturation point, the water comes down in form of precipitation —rain, snow, dew, sleet etc.
   • Rate of evaporation depends upon the sun’s heat and absorption capacity of air.
   • The process in which the water changes its form and circulates between land, ocean, and air is called the water cycle.
3. Factors affecting the height of the waves:
   • Winds
   • Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and landslides on the bottom of the oceans.
4. Factors affecting the movement of ocean water:
   • Temperature
   • Winds
   • The gravitational pull of the sun, the earth, and the moon
   • Shape of continents
   • Warm and cold currents
   • Salinity
5. The rhythmic rise and fall of ocean water twice a day is called a tide. Tides are caused due to the gravitational pull exerted by the sun and the moon on the earth’s surface.
6. Ocean currents are streams of water flowing constantly on the ocean surface in definite directions. They may be warm or cold currents:
   • Warm currents originate near the equator and move towards the poles. They bring about warm temperatures over land surfaces, for example, the Gulf stream.
   • Cold currents originate near poles and move towards tropical or lower latitudes. They bring about coolness over land surfaces, for example, Labrador current.

Question 2.
Give reasons.

1. Ocean water is salty.
2. The quality of water is deteriorating.

Answer.

1. Ocean water is salty because it contains a large number of dissolved salts. Most of this salt is sodium chloride or common table salt.
2. The quality of water is deteriorating because of the following reasons:
   • The decrease in the water table.
   • Mixing of industrial effluents and untreated water of industries into the streams, rivers, and even oceans.
   • Mixing of sewerage water into the rivers etc.
   • Excessive use of water causing scarcity.
   • Throwing of dead bodies, havan ashes, vegetables, and flowers into the sea.
   • Bathing of animals into the water bodies.
   • Dirt and dust storms also pollute water.

Question 3.
Tick the correct answer.
(i) The process by which water continually changes its form and circulates between oceans, atmosphere and land
(a) Water cycle
(b) Tides
(c) Ocean currents
Answer.
(a) Water

(ii) Generally the warm ocean currents originate near
(a) Poles
(b) Equator
(c) None of these
Answer.
(b) the Equator.

(iii) The rhythmic rise and fall of ocean water twice in a day is called
(a) Tide
(b) Ocean current
(c) Wave
Answer.
(a) Tide.

Question 4.
Match the following.
(i) Caspian Sea                                      (a) the Largest lake
(ii) Tide                                                  (b) Periodic rise and fall of water
(iii) Tsunami                                          (c) Strong seismic waves
(iv) Ocean currents                               (d) Streams of water moving along definite paths
                                                              (e) Water cycle
Answer.
(i) Caspian Sea                                   (a) the Largest lake
(ii) Tide                                               (b) Periodic rise and fall of water
(iii) Tsunami                                        (c) Strong seismic waves
(iv) Ocean currents                             (d) Streams of water moving along definite paths

Question 5.
For fun.
Be a Detective
(i) The name of one river is hidden in each of the sentences below. Spot it. Example: Mandira, Vijayalakshmi, and Surinder are my best friends
Answer.
Ravi
(a) The snake charmer’s bustee, stables where horses are housed, and the piles of wood, all caught fire accidentally. (Hint: Another name for River Brahmaputra)
(b) The conference manager put pad, material for reading, and a pencil for each participant. (Hint: A distributary on the Ganga-Brahmputra delta)
(c) Either jealousy or anger cause a person’s fall (Hint: Name of juicy fruit!)
(d) Bhavani germinated the seeds in a pot (Hint: Look for her in West Africa)
(e) “I am a zonal champion now” declared the excited athlete. (Hint: The river that has the biggest basin in the world)
(f) The tiffin box rolled down and all the food fell in dusty potholes. (Hint: Rises in India and journeys through Pakistan)
(g) Malini leaned against the pole when she felt that she was going to faint. (Hint: Her delta in Egypt is famous)
(h) Samantha mesmerised everybody with her magic tricks. (Hint: London is situated on her estuary)
(i) “In this neighbourhood, please don’t yell! Owners of these houses like to have peace.” Warned my father when we moved into our new flat.” (Hint: color!)
(j) ‘Write the following words, Marc!’ “On”, “go”, “in”— said the teacher, to the little boy in KG Class. (Hint: Rhymes with ‘bongo’)

Now make some more on your own and ask your classmates to spot the hidden name.-You can do this with any name: that of a lake, mountains, trees, fruits, school items, etc.
Answer.
(a) Teesta (a tributary of Brahmaputra)
(b) Padma
(c) Orange
(d) Niger
(e) Amazon
(f) Indus
(g) the Nile
(h) the Thames
(i) Yellow river
(j) Congo
Do further exercise yourself.

Carry on Detective

(ii) With the help of an atlas, draw each river which you discovered in For fun (/), on an outline map of the world.
Answer.

INTEXT QUESTIONS WITH THEIR ANSWERS

Question 1.
Why do so many countries face water scarcity? (NCERT Page 32)
Answer.
Due to the following reasons.

1. Some countries are rocky and stony, and arid.
2. Some do not have much rainfall.
3. Some are desert areas.
4. Most of the water is polluted, of inferior quality.
5. Excessive use of water has depleted water resources.

Question 2.
Is all water on the earth available to us? (NCERT Page 32)
Answer.
No, only 3% is freshwater. It’s 0.3% is available to us.

Question 3.
Don’t you think we are wasting a precious resource when we use water carelessly? (NCERT Page 32)
Answer.
Yes.

Question 4.
When you are playing throw ball on the beach and the ball falls into the water, what happens? (NCERT Page 34)
Answer.
It goes up and down at its place. It gets back to the shore with the waves.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Water help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Water, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 2 New Kings and Kingdoms are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 2 New Kings and Kingdoms.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 7
Subject	Social Science History
Chapter	Chapter 2
Chapter Name	New Kings and Kingdoms
Number of Questions Solved	22
Category	NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 2 New Kings and Kingdoms

NCERT TEXTBOOK EXERCISES

IMAGINE
You are present in an election for a sabha. Describe what you see and hear. To be done by students themselves,
Hints:

• All candidates were landowners well versed in administration.
• Age group 35-70.
• Talking about Vedas and scriptures.

LET’S RECALL

Question 1.
Match the following:
Gurjara-Pratiharas                    Western Deccan
Rashtrakutas                                  Bengal
Palas                                     Gujarat and Rajasthan
Cholas                                            Tamil Nadu
Answer.
Guijara-Pratiharas                      Gujarat and Rajasthan
Rashtrakutas                                Western Deccan
Palas                                                  Bengal
Cholas                                              Tamil Nadu

Question 2.
Who were the parties involved in the “tripartite struggle”?
Answer.
Parties involved in the “tripartite struggle”

1. Guijara-Pratiharas
2. Rashtrakutas
3. Palas.

Question 3.
What were the qualifications necessary to become a member of a committee of the sabha in the Chola Empire?
Answer.
According to the Uttaramerur inscription, the following qualifications were necessary to become a member of a committee of the sabha in the Chola Empire:

1. A person should own land from which revenue was collected.
2. He should have been their own home.
3. He needed between 35 and 70 years of age.
4. He should have been knowledgeable of Vedas.
5. He required to be well-versed in administrative matters and honest.
6. If anyone had been a member of any committee in the last three years, he could not have become a member of another committee.
7. Anyone who had not submitted his accounts, and those of his relatives, could not have contested the elections.

Question 4.
What were the two major cities under the control of the Chahamanas?
Answer.
The two cities under the control of the Chahamanas:

• Delhi.
• Ajmer.

LET’S UNDERSTAND

Question 5.
How did the Rashtrakutas become powerful?
Answer.
It was during the seventh century that the kings acknowledged the big landlords as their subordinates or samantas. The samantas were expected to bring gifts and provide military support to their kings. In due course they gained power and wealth. They declared themselves to be maha-samantas, maha- mandaleshvar (the great lord of a circle or region) and so on.

Rashtrakutas were one of them who were initially the subordinates of the Chalukyas in Deccan. In the mid-eighth century, Dantidurga, a Rashtrakuta chief, performed a ritual hiranya-garbha and overthrew the Chalukya overlord. After the ritual was over he was reborn as Kshatriya, even if he was not by birth.

Question 6.
What did the new dynasties do to gain acceptance?
Answer.
The new dynasties performed holy rituals with the help of Brahmanas in order to gain acceptance. For example, hiranya-garbha ritual performed by low caste Dantidurga, the Rashtrakuta chief.

Question 7.
What kind of irrigation works were developed in the Tamil region?
Answer.
During the fifth or sixth century the area of Tamil Nadu was opened up for large-scale cultivation. For irrigation, a variety of new methods were discovered. In many areas, wells were dug. Hugh tanks were constructed for rainwater storage.

Question 8.
What were the activities associated with Chola temples?
Answer.
The following activities were associated with the Chola temples :

1. Temples were nuclei of settlements which grew around them.
2. The temples were centres of craft production.
3. The produce of the land owned by the temple (granted to the temple by kings) went into maintaining—priests, garland makers, cooks, sweepers, musicians, dancers, etc.
4. Temples were the places of social, economic, cultural, and religious activities.
5. Bronze images were also made in Chola temples.

LET’S DISCUSS

Question 9.
Look at Map 1 once more and find out whether there were any kingdoms in the state in which you live.
Answer.
Yes.
Different answers for students living in different states. Some examples:
West Bengal                       →   Palas
Orissa                                 →   Utkalas, Gangas, Kalinga
Tamil Nadu                        →   Cholas, Pandyas
Kerala                                →    Cheras
Maharashtra & Karnataka →   Rashtrakutas
Gujarat                              →   Andhra
Rajasthan                          →   Chahamanas

Question 10.
Contrast the ‘elections’ in Uttaramerur with present-day panchayat elections.
Answer.
The present-day panchayat elections do not use the lottery system to elect the members of panchayat as was done in the Chola Empire.

LET’S DO

Question 11.
Compare the temple shown in this chapter (of your textbook) with any present-day temple in your neighbourhood, highlighting any similarities and differences that you notice.
Answer.
Comparison between temples shown the chapter and present-day temples in our in neighbourhood.

Temples showed in the chapter	Temples in our neighbourhood
Pyramidal shape	Triangular in shape with apex and base.
Images on the walls.	No images on the walls.
Settlements and land nearby.	No such settlements and land nearby.
Several specialists—priests, garland makers, sweepers, cook, etc	Only priests—other temporary, professions
Worship of gods and goddesses.	Worship of gods and goddesses.
Domination of Brahmanas.	Domination of Brahmanas.

Question 12.
Find out more about taxes that are collected at present. Are these in cash, kind, or labour services?
Answer.
Some of the important present-day taxes are income tax, service tax, house tax, etc. All the present-day taxes are collected in cash.

INTEXT QUESTIONS WITH THEIR ANSWERS

Question 1.
Locate the Gurjara-Pratiharas, Rashtrakutas, Palas, Cholas and Chahamanas (Chauhans). Can you identify the present-day states over which they exercised control? (NCERT Page 16)
Answer.

1. Please see Map 1 for the location of major kingdoms.
2. Yes, we can identify the present states over which they exercised control.
   • Guijara-Pratiharas Central Madhya Pradesh
   • Rashtrakutas Maharashtra and Western Andhra Pradesh
   • Palas West Bengal
   • Cholas Karnataka (Southern) and Tamil Nadu
   • Chahamanas Madhya Pradesh (North Western) and Rajasthan {South-Eastern)
     

Question 2.
Do you think being born as a Kshatriya was important in order to become a ruler during this period? (NCERT Page 17)
Answer.
Yes.

Question 3.
In what ways was this form of administration different from the present-day system? (NCERT Page 18)
Answer.

• In the present system, the administration is run by the elected governments in most of the countries or states.
• Resources are obtained from different taxes and tariffs on produces, consumers, and citizens. These are collected by government departments.
• Resources are used for developing the state and providing facilities to the citizens.
• No one is forced to do labor. The rule of law is followed.

Question 4.
Are any such taxes (of the Cholas) collected today? (NCERT Page 18)
Answer.
Yes, the land revenues and taxes on buildings/houses are collected as house tax today.

Question 5.
Also, see if you can find some of the areas mentioned in the inscription on Map 1 (NCERT, page 16). Other rulers made similar claims as well. Why do you think they made these claims? (NCERT Page 19)
Answer.

1. We can see Kanauj, Anarta, Vanga.
2. To show their power and superiority.

Question 6.
List all the possible sources of irrigation mentioned in the inscription, and discuss how these might have been used. (NCERT Page 20)
Answer.

1. Possible sources of irrigation
   • Wells.
   • Canals.
   • Tanks.
   • Mainly tanks were used through channels (canals) to the fields.
2. Water was regulated in the tank with the sluicegate.

Question 7.
Look at Map 1 (NCERT, page 16) and suggest reasons why these rulers wanted to control Kanauj and the Ganga valley. (NCERT Page 21)
Answer.

1. The city of Kanauj and the Ganga valley was a prized area as it was very fertile.
2. Gurjara-Pratihara, Rashtrakuts, and Palas dynasties had controlled these areas for centuries.

Question 8.
Look at Map 1 (NCERT, page 16) again and discuss why the Chahamanas may have wanted to expand their territories. (NCERT Page 21)
Answer.
The Chahamanas might have wanted to expand their territories to become more powerful.

Question 9.
Do you think women participated in these assemblies? In your view are lotteries useful in choosing members of committees? (NCERT Page 27)
Answer.

1. No, women did not participate in these assemblies.
2. In my view, lotteries are not useful in choosing members of the committees. The best way is through elections.

Question 10.
Were there any Brahmanas in this hamlet? Describe all the activities that were taking place in the village. Why do you think temple inscriptions ignore these activities? (NCERT Page 27)
Answer.

1. No.
2. The Brahmanas lived separately in temples or in their adjoining buildings.
3. The activities which were taking place in the village were:
   Village Activities
   • Agrarian labour
   • Rearing of cocks and group of chickens
   • Making of drums
   • Husking of paddy.

These activities did not find a place in the inscriptions because these activities were considered menial and without any importance.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 2 New Kings and Kingdoms help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 2 New Kings and Kingdoms, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 English It So Happened Chapter 10 The Comet II are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 8 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 8 English It So Happened Chapter 10 The Comet II.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 8
Subject	English It So Happened
Chapter	Chapter 10
Chapter Name	The Comet II
Category	NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 English It So Happened Chapter 10 The Comet II

TEXTUAL EXERCISES

COMPREHENSION CHECK (Page 83)
1. “For a moment James wondered if he had done his sums right.” Why was James doubt¬ful about his sums and calculations ?
2. What did the scientists at the conference say about James’s ‘sums’ ?
3. Immediate action was needed, the scientists decided. Give one example each of‘defensive’ and ‘offensive’ action mentioned in the text.
4. “I am not buying any Christmas presents till December 15.” What did Sir John mean by that ?

Answers
1. Sir John dropped James at his hotel at 1 a.m. When he looked up from his window, he saw the star-studded sky. Looking at the sky, it was difficult to believe that any calamity could happen. So James wondered if he had done his, sums and calculations right.

2. The scientists at the conference discussed the matter for a week. They came to the conclusion that James Forsyth was correct in his calculations. The ‘Dutta’ comet would collide with the earth.

3. The scientists suggested suitable measures. They rejected defensive measures like living in bunkers. So the only way was to take offensive action. The comet could he slightly deflected from its path. A nuclear explosion could do the job. This could be done by exploding a nuclear payload near the comet.

4. Sir John was doubtful about the success of the offensive action suggested. So he told Duttada that he won’t buy his Christmas presents till December 15. By that time the whole situation would become clear.

COMPREHENSION CHECK (Page 87)
1. What is Duttada expected to do on his return from London ?
2. What is his reaction to the proposal ?
3. (i) What does ‘Project Light Brigade’ refer to ?
(ii) What does Sir John say about the Project in his letter to Duttada in October ?
4. Did Sir John buy Christmas presents on December 15 ? How did Duttada get to know about it ?
5. Why, according to Indrani Debi, had the comet not been disastrous ? Do you agree with her ?
6. Is Duttada’s general outlook

• rational ?
• moral ?
• traditional ?

Choose the right word. Say why you think it right.

Answers
1. Duttada is expected to do a shanti-path to pacify the evil spirit. His wife had called the priests to bless him. People were waiting for him to perform the yajna.

2. When the proposal of & yajna was put before Duttada, he became very angry. He did not find any specific advantage in that ceremony. He considered it no more than a superstition to think that comets have ill-effects.

3. (i) ‘Project Light Brigade’ refers to the project of averting ‘Dutta’ comet’s collision. For
this purpose, a spacecraft had been launched. It carried nuclear fuel. It would be exploded near the comet to break it up.
(ii) Sir John gave an account of the meeting of the Royal Astronomical Society. He also told about the unusual warm weather. He also made a mention of “The charge of the Light Brigade.”

4. Duttada knew about Sir John’s buying the Christmas presents from a letter.

5. Indrani Debi was sure that the comet ‘Dutta’ had not been disastrous because of the yajna.

6. Duttada’s outlook is rational because he does not believe in outdated rituals and ceremonies. He is truly a scientist and has a scientific attitude to life. He cannot be called traditional. There can be no question of morality so far as scientific investigation is concerned. A scientist has to go by reason, not by morality.

EXERCISE (Page 88)
Discuss the following topics in small groups. Write your answers afterwards.

Question 1.
Should a scientist’s findings be suppressed if they seem disturbing ? Give reasons for and against the topic.

Answer:
Copernicus (1473-1543) was a Polish astronomer. He put forward the theory that the earth orbits the sun. Until then Ptolemy’s theory was generally accepted. The theory was that the earth was the centre of the universe. Heavenly bodies rotated round it. Copernicus’s theory went against the traditional theory as well as the Bible. But Copernicus’s findings were not suppressed. Galileo (1564-1642) the Italian scientist also accepted Copernicus’s theory. But, in 1633, he was made to recant by the church. However, even then the earth revolved round the sun as it does now. So we gain nothing by suppressing a scientist’s findings. Truth should come to light however disturbing it may be.

Question 2.
Do you think ours is a traditional society ? What are some of the things we do to be called traditional ? Do you find these things useless or useful ?

Answer:
No doubt, ours is a traditional society. We are traditional because we believe in so many religious rituals and ceremonies. Most of these are useless. For example, Indrani Debi organised a yajna to avert the comet’s collision with the earth. She was an M.A. yet she believed in such things rather than scientific measures. She even believed that tine yajna had averted the collision. We find these things interesting but most of them are useless. They serve no useful purpose. Only superstitious people believe in such things.

Question 3.
Give two or three examples to show how science has been useful to us.

Answer:
Scientific discoveries have made human life more comfortable than before. Most of the progress in the world is because of science. It has helped man in fighting disease and poverty. The invention of electricity, steam engine, etc. has brought about a change in our life. There is no field of life or activity where science is not helpful.

Question 4.
Give one example to show how science has been misused, and has as a result been harmful to us.

Answer:
Man has misused science by producing weapons of mass destruction like atom and hydrogen bombs. They can bring about widespread destruction in no time. They don’t spare even innocent people.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 8 English It So Happened Chapter 10 The Comet II help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 8 English It So Happened Chapter 10 The Comet II, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Hindi Vasant Chapter 4 दीवानों की हस्ती are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Hindi. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Hindi Vasant Chapter 4 दीवानों की हस्ती.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 8
Subject	Hindi Vasant
Chapter	Chapter 4
Chapter Name	दीवानों की हस्ती
Number of Questions Solved	4
Category	NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Hindi Vasant Chapter 4 दीवानों की हस्ती

प्रश्न-अभ्यास
(पाठ्यपुस्तक से)

कविता से

प्रश्न 1. कवि ने अपने आने को ‘उल्लास’ और जाने को ‘आँसू बनकर बह जाना’ क्यों कहा है?
उत्तर :
कवि बेफिक्री भरा जीवन जीने वाला व्यक्ति है। वह अपने साथियों के साथ जहाँ भी जाता है, वहाँ उनके दुख-सुख में शामिल होता है और उनमें खुशियाँ बाँटता है। वह अपने लक्ष्य अर्थात् उन लोगों की खुशियों को स्थायी नहीं बना पाता है। वापस आते समय कवि और वे लोग दोनों ही दुखी होते हैं, इसलिए कवि ने ऐसा कहा है।

प्रश्न 2. भिखमंगों की दुनिया में बेरोक प्यार लुटानेवाला कवि ऐसा क्यों कहता है कि वह अपने हृदय पर असफलता का एक निशान भार की तरह लेकर जा रहा है? क्या वह निराश है या प्रसन्न है?
उत्तर :
कवि अभावग्रस्त तथा दुखी लोगों के बीच प्यार तथा अपनत्व प्रकट करते हुए उनमें खुशियाँ बाँटता है अर्थात् उन्हें स्वतंत्रता रूपी अनमोल खुशी देना चाहता है, पर अपने प्रयास के बाद भी वह ऐसा नहीं कर पा रहा है। इस असफलता का भार वह अपने हृदय पर लेकर जा रहा है। इससे लगता है कि कवि निराश है।

प्रश्न 3. कविता में ऐसी कौन-सी बात है जो आपको सबसे अच्छी लगी?
उत्तर :
कविता के अंदर अनेक ऐसी बातें हैं जो मुझे अच्छी लगीं
(क) कविता में बेफिक्र तथा मस्त जीवन जीते हुए दूसरे की खुशियों को ध्यान में रखने का संदेश दिया गया है।
(ख) सुख-दुख को समानभाव से ग्रहण करने की प्रेरणा मिलती है।
(ग) कविता में अभावग्रस्त लोगों में खुशियाँ बाँटकर उनका दुख दूर करने की बात कही गई है, इससे एकता, समानता, प्रेम तथा सद्भाव में वृद्धि होगी।

कविता से आगे

प्रश्न 1. जीवन में मस्ती होनी चाहिए, लेकिन कब मस्ती हानिकारक हो सकती है? सहपाठियों के बीच चर्चा कीजिए।
उत्तर :
मनुष्य को सारी चिंता-फ्रिक छोड़कर मस्ती भरा जीवन जीना चाहिए किंतु हमारे द्वारा की गई मस्ती से किसी का अहित होने लगे या उसकी भावनाएँ आहत होने लगें तो वह मस्ती हानिकारक हो सकती है। हमें दूसरों के जीवन या स्वतंत्रता में दखल देने का कोई हक नहीं हैं। ऐसा न हो कि हम अपनी मस्ती में इतना मस्त हो जाएँ कि दूसरों की भावनाओं का ख्याल ही न रह पाए।

अनुमान और कल्पना

• एक पंक्ति में कवि ने यह कहकर अपने अस्तित्व को नकारा है कि हम दीवानों की क्या हस्ती, हैं आज यहाँ, कल वहाँ चले।” दूसरी पंक्ति में उसने यह कहकर अपने अस्तित्व को महत्त्व दिया है कि “मस्ती का आलम साथ चला, हम धूल उड़ाते जहाँ चले।” यह फाकामस्ती का उदाहरण है। अभाव में भी खुश रहना फाकामस्ती कही जाती है। कविता में इस प्रकार की अन्य पंक्तियाँ भी हैं। उन्हें ध्यानपूर्वक पढ़िए और अनुमान लगाइए कि कविता में परस्पर विरोधी बातें क्यों की गई हैं?

उत्तर :
कविता में परस्पर विरोध प्रकट करने वाली पंक्तियाँ निम्नलिखित हैं
(क) आए बनकर उल्लास अभी,
आँसू बनकर बह चले अभी। (उल्लास और आँसू साथ साथ)
(ख) जग से उसका कुछ लिए चले,
जग को अपना कुछ दिए चले, (कुछ लेना और देना एक साथ)
(क) दो बात कही, दो बात सुनी;
कुछ हँसे और फिर कुछ रोए। (हँसना व रोना एक साथ)

इन परस्पर विरोधी बातों का कविता में इसलिए समावेश किया गया है क्योंकि कवि अपने जीवन के नियम स्वयं बनाता है और स्वयं तोड़ता है। वह अपनी मर्जी का मालिक है। उसे अपने लक्ष्य के अलावा कुछ भी महत्त्वपूर्ण नहीं लगता है।

भाषा की बात

• संतुष्टि के लिए कवि ने ‘छककर’, ‘जी भरकर’ और ‘खुलकर’ जैसे शब्दों का प्रयोग किया है। इसी भाव को व्यक्त करने वाले कुछ और शब्द सोचकर लिखिए, जैसे-हँसकर, गाकर।

उत्तर :
संतुष्टि का भाव व्यक्त करने वाले कुछ शब्द-प्रसन्न होकर, तृप्त होकर, जी भरकर, परिपूर्ण होकर, मस्त होकर आदि।

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Hindi Vasant Chapter 4 दीवानों की हस्ती help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Hindi Vasant Chapter 4 दीवानों की हस्ती, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English An Alien Hand Chapter 10 An Alien Hand are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English An Alien Hand Chapter 10 An Alien Hand.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 7
Subject	English An Alien Hand
Chapter	Chapter 10
Chapter Name	An Alien Hand
Number of Questions Solved	14
Category	NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English An Alien Hand Chapter 10 An Alien Hand

TEXTUAL QUESTIONS
Comprehension Check
(Page 69)

Question 1.
How does Tilloo manage to find his way to the ‘forbidden passage’ ?
Answer:
Tilloo’s daddy was allowed to go through the forbidden passage. One day while he was sleeping, Tilloo managed to get hold of his identity card. Then he walked towards the forbidden passage. When the metal door barred his entry, he put the card into a slot. The door opened. Thus Tilloo managed to find his way to the forbidden passage.

Question 2.
What did Tilloo hope to see once he emerged from his underground home ?
Answer:
After emerging from his underground home, Tilloo hoped to see the sun or the stars.

Question 3.
Why did Tilloo’s father advise him not to try to reach the surface of the planet ?
Answer:
Tilloo’s father advised him not to try to reach the surface of the planet. He told him that he would not be able to survive in the thin air and low temperature existing on the surface of the planet.

Question 4.
What changes had occurred, which forced people to live in underground homes ?
Answer:
The sun turned hostile. The air became too thin to breathe. The temperature became so low that human beings could freeze to death.

Comprehension Check
(Page 71)

Question 1.
Why was everyone in the Control Room greatly excited ?
Answer:
Everyone in the Control Room was greatly excited because they had seen two spacecrafts coming towards their planet.

Question 2.
Was the spacecraft manned or unmanned ? How do you know it ?
Answer:
The spacecraft was unmanned. Number One who was in charge of defence told the people in the Control Room that he had reports. These reports said that the spacecrafts contained only instruments.

Question 3.
What did Number One and Number Two suggest should be done about the alien spacecraft ?
Answer:
Number One and Number Two suggested non-interference and passive observance in matters of the alien spacecraft.

Comprehension Check
(Page 73)

Question 1.
What do you think the mechanical hand was trying to do ?
Answer:
The mechanical hand was trying to collect samples of soil from the Martian surface.

Question 2.
Tilloo pressed the red button and “the damage was done.” What was the damage ?
Answer:
The damage was that the mechanical hand had ceased working. It had become inactive.

Question 3.
Where had the spacecraft come from ?
Answer:
The spacecraft had come from the planet earth. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) of America had sent it.

Question 4.
On which planet do Tilloo and his parents live ?
Answer:
Tilloo and his parents live on the planet earth.

EXERCISES
(Page 73)

Discuss the following topics in groups.
Question 1.
If you had to live in a home like Tilloo’s, what parts of life would you find most difficult ? What compensations might there be ?
Answer:
Living in a home like Tilloo’s, childhood must be the most difficult part of life. Living underground one cannot expect lush green parks and tall trees where children can enjoy themselves. One may also not get the variety of food that we get now.
The compensation can be the safety and security. The cruelties of the weather may never be experienced there.

Question 2.
What, if anything, might drive mankind to make their homes underground ?
Answer:
If the sun grows cold and is not able to give us as much heat as it gives today, the earth will become very cold. In that case all living beings will find it difficult to survive. All water will turn to ice—making the marine life also impossible. In that case mankind might make their homes underground.

Question 3.
Do you think there is life on other planets ? Can you guess what kind of people there may be on them ? In what ways are they likely to be different from us ?
Answer:
It is possible that there may be life on other planets. The kind of people will depend on the kind of environment there. They are likely to be quite different from us because every planet seems to have its unique environment.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English An Alien Hand Chapter 10 An Alien Hand help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English An Alien Hand Chapter 10 An Alien Hand, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 6 Understanding Media are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 6 Understanding Media.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 7
Subject	Social Science Civics
Chapter	Chapter 6
Chapter Name	Understanding Media
Number of Questions Solved	17
Category	NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 6 Understanding Media

NCERT TEXTBOOK EXERCISES

Question 1.
In what ways does the media play an important role in a democracy?
Answer.
Media plays an important role in a democracy in the following ways:

1. It provides information about the working of and decisions taken by the government for the welfare of the citizen.
2. It also makes the government aware of the public reactions to its working and / decisions.
3. It discusses different events of public interest in detail taking place in the country and all over the world.

Question 2.
Can you give this diagram a title? What do you understand about the link between media and big business from this diagram?

Answer.

1. Title to the diagram:
   Media and Big Business Houses.
2. The link between media and Big Business:
   There is a strong link between media and big business/business house because of the following reasons:
   • Most of the media (Newspapers, magazines, news channels) are owned by big business houses. e.g., Hindustan Times by Birla group.
   • Big business houses finance the media in a big way.
   • They pay heavy amounts to the media for their advertisements.
   • They provide political, financial, social, and moral support.
   • In return, the media propagates its policies and programmes.
   • They publish and advertise their products.

Question 3.
You have read about the ways in which the media ‘sets the agenda’. What kind of effect does this have in a democracy? Provide two examples to support your point of view.
Answer.
Media, the fourth pillar of democracy, sets the agenda to focus on the issue of public interest. This agenda sometimes has positive effects on a. democracy. For example,
(1) Media published reports about alarming levels of pesticides in Cola drinks. The media declared this fact despite the government’s resistance that Cola drinks were unsafe. Thus, the media’s agenda helped us by focusing on an issue that affects our lives.

(2) The media sometimes fails to set agenda to raise issues significant in democracy. For example, it publishes a wide coverage about the ‘World Cup’ but at the same time it does not give attention towards the issue like drinking water as a major problem, the people are facing.

Question 4.
As a class project, decide to focus on a particular news topic and cut out stories from different newspapers on this. Also, watch the coverage of this topic on TV news. Compare two newspapers and write down the similarity and differences in their reports. It might help to ask the following questions:
(a) What information is this article providing?
(b) What information is it leaving out?
(c) From whose point of view is the article being written?
(d) Whose point of view is being left out and why?
Times of India, March 11, 2007


Answer.
(a) Particular News: March 11, 2007
Times of India                                                                Metro Now
“Cop guarding Bank Vault                              “What pushed Lepcha off the Edge.”
goes berserk, kills 5 mates.”

(b)
(i) Information
A Sikkim Police constable deputed                       Nari Lepcha kills 5 mates
at Darya Ganj, Dena Bank Branch kills 5
mates to escape unnatural sex acts.
(ii) Information leaving out
Attempt to repeat the unnatural acts.                        The motive of murder not yet clear.

(c) Point of view
General public                                                              General public

(d) Point of view is left out
Police                                                                                 Police

INTEXT QUESTIONS

Question 1.
Look at the college and list six various kinds of media that you see. (NCERT Page 71)
Answer.

• Radio.
• Television.
• DVD.
• Transistor.
• Computer.
• Internet.
• Newspapers, magazines.
• Periodicals.

Question 2.
Ask older members of your family about what they used to listen to on the radio when there was no TV around. Find out from them when the first TV came to your area. When was cable TV introduced? (NCERT Page 71)
Answer.

1. They used to listen to following programmes on the radio when there was no television around.
   • Radio Ceylon
     • Ap Hi Ke Geet  (आप ही के गीत )
     • Binaca Geet Mala ( बिनाका गीत माला )
   • Vividh Bharati
     • Hawa Mahal ( हवा महल )
     • Man Chahe Geet ( मन चाहे गीत )
2. The first TV came in 1984 in our area.
3. Cable TV was introduced in 1990 in our area.

Question 3.
How many people in your neighbourhood use the internet? (NCERT Page 71)
Answer.
Most of them.

Question 4.
List three things that you know about some other part of the world from watching television. (NCERT Page 71)
Answer.

1. Earthquake in Nepal.
2. Tornado in Oklahoma, May 2013, the disappearance of aeroplane MH370.
3. Cannes film festival, 2013.

Question 5.
Can you list three different products that are advertised on your favourite TV programme? (NCERT Page 72)
Answer.
Yes, Tea, clothes, Snacks, Cold drinks.

Question 6.
Take a newspaper and count the number of advertisements in it. Some people say that newspapers have too many advertisements. Do you think this is true and why? (NCERT Page 72)
Answer.

1. Hindustan Times.
2. Number of advertisements: 70
3. Some people say correctly but it is necessary otherwise the cost of the newspaper will be so much that most people would not be able to buy newspapers.

Question 7.
Are the above stories in the two newspapers similar? And if not, why not? What, in your view, are the similarities and differences? (NCERT Page 74)
Answer.
No, they are not similar. A news report in the News of India report, the story is about the crackdown on polluting factories while in the Indian Daily Report, the story is about the closure of factories which led to unrest.
Differences

1. A report in the News India Report says that closure will result in a clean and green city.
2. The closure will lead to unemployment in Indian Daily Report.
3. Relocation must be done.
4. The places of relocation have no facilities.

Similarities

1. Both the reports/stories are related to factories.
2. Both reports indicate protests by owners and workers of the factories.
3. Relocation has been dealt with in both reports.

Question 8.
If you read the story in the News of India, what would you think about the issue? ‘ (NCERT Page 74)
Answer.
The issue is the pollution caused by polluting factories.

1. Factory owners and workers protested violently against the crackdown on polluting industries.
2. The government had already declared these industries illegal.
3. But it acted hastily to close them down.
4. In view of the clean and green city, it is necessary to close them down.

Question 9.
Do you think it is important to know both sides of the story? Why? (NCERT Page 75)
Answer.
Yes, because only then we can form a balanced opinion about an issue.

Question 10.
Pretend that you are a journalist for a newspaper and write a balanced story from the two news reports. (NCERT Page 75)
Answer.
Balanced Story

1. The government orders closure of polluting factories in the city. The pollution had already assumed alarming proportions.
2. Factory owners and workers protested violently against the closure. The city life came to a standstill.
3. For a clean and green city, the closure of factories was essential.
4. The government should have relocated the factories to suitable locations with a proper time frame.

Question 11.
What does TV do to us and what can we do with TV? (NCERT Page 75)
Answer.

1. In many of our houses, TV is always on.
2. We form an impression about the world around us by seeing the TV7.
3. It is like a ‘window to the world’.
4. TV has different types of programs like movies, soap operas, game shows, reality TV shows like News, sports, and cartoons.
5. Before, in between, and after each programme there are advertisements.
6. TV shapes our views of the world, our beliefs, attitudes, and values.
7. It gives us a partial view of the world.
8. While we enjoy our favourite programmes, we should always be aware of the large exciting world beyond our TV screens. There are so many happenings beyond the TV.
9. There is a world beyond film stars, celebrities, and rich lifestyle, a world that all of us need to reach out to and respond to in various ways.
10. We need to be active viewers, who question whatever we see and hear, while we may enjoy it too.

Question 12.
What is the consequence of the media ‘setting the agenda’ by reporting on the Fashion Week rather than the slum demolitions? (NCERT Page 77)
Answer.
They earn huge amounts of money from the fashion week.

Question 13.
Can you think of an issue that does not seem important to you because it is never featured in the media? (NCERT Page 77)
Answer.

1. Rising prices of essential commodities, and
2. Rising crime graph in metropolitan cities.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 6 Understanding Media help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 6 Understanding Media, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English An Alien Hand Chapter 7 Chandni are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English An Alien Hand Chapter 7 Chandni.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 7
Subject	English An Alien Hand
Chapter	Chapter 7
Chapter Name	Chandni
Number of Questions Solved	11
Category	NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English An Alien Hand Chapter 7 Chandni

TEXTUAL QUESTIONS
Comprehension Cheek
(Page 45)

Question 1.
Why did Abbu Khan’s goats want to run away ? What happened to them in the hills ?
Answer:
Abbu Khan’s goats were of the best hill-breed. Goats in the hilly regions hate being tied. They love freedom. So his goats ran away. In the hills, there lived an old wolf. They were eaten up by him.

Question 2.
Abbu Khan said, “No more goats in my house ever again,” Then he changed his mind. Why ?
Answer:
Abbu Khan was very sad when all his goats were gone. So he said, “No more goats in my house ever again.” But after a few days he began to feel lonely. He felt he could not live without his pets. So he changed his mind and bought a young goat.

Question 3.
Why did he buy a young goat ?
Answer:
Abbu Khan bought a young goat thinking it would stay with him much longer. He wanted to love that goat so much that it would never go away. So he bought a pretty young goat.

Comprehension Check
(Page 49)

Question 1.
Why did Chandni hate the rope round her neck ?
Answer:
Chandni wanted to run to the hills. She tried but the rope would stop her. So Chandni hated the rope round her neck.

Question 2.
“Now Abbu Khan understood Chandni’s problem…” What was Chandni’s problem ?
Answer:
Chandni’s problem was her love for freedom. She wanted to run up the hills.

Question 3.
Abbu Khan pushed Chandni into a small hut. This shows that he
(i) was cruel.
(ii) loved her and wanted to save her life.
(iii) was selfish.
Answer:
(ii) loved her and wanted to save her life.

Comprehension Check
(Page 51)

Question 1.
why did Chandni refuse to join the group of wild goats ? (Imp.)
Answer:
Chandni refused to join the group of wild goats because she wanted to enjoy her new freedom by herself.

Question 2.
Chandni fought the wolf because she
(i) was stronger than the wolf.
(ii) hated the wolf.
(iii) had to retain her freedom at all costs.
Answer:
(iii) had to retain her freedom at all costs.

EXERCISES
(Page 42)

Discuss the following topics in groups.
Question 1.
Why did the wise old bird say, “Chandni is the winner” ?
Answer:
The wise old bird said that Chandni was the winner. The bird said so because Chandni wanted to retain her freedom at all costs. In this aim of hers, she succeeded. So the bird was right when she said that Chandni was the winner.

Question 2.
“Death in an open field is better than life in a small hut,” Chandni said to herself. Was it the right decision ? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
This statement is the moral of the stoiy. Yet it is difficult to completely agree with it. Life is valuable and so is the freedom. But there can be no freedom without life. So as far as possible one must try to protect one’s freedom. It does not mean that we should knowingly walk to death. Chandni could return to the hut on seeing the wolf. She could have come to the hills next morning. In fact life is like walking on the razor’s edge. One must keep a balance. In order to walk straight you have to bend sometimes on left, sometimes on right.

Question 3.
Freedom is life. Discuss this with reference to ‘Chandni’ and ‘I Want Something in a Cage’.
Answer:
It is indeed very true that freedom is life. Both these stories ‘Chandni’ and ‘I Want Something in a Cage’, show it. In both these stories, this feeling has been expressed through the animals. In ‘Chandni’ it is expressed through goats. In ‘I Want Something in a Cage’ the same feeling has been expressed by a pair of doves. The authors suggest that not only human beings love freedom. Even animals and birds can give their all for getting their freedom.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English An Alien Hand Chapter 7 Chandni help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English An Alien Hand Chapter 7 Chandni, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 3 How the State Government Works are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 3 How the State Government Works.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 7
Subject	Social Science Civics
Chapter	Chapter 3
Chapter Name	How the State Government Works
Number of Questions Solved	20
Category	NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 3 How the State Government Works

NCERT TEXTBOOK EXERCISES

Question 1.
Use the terms ‘constituency’ and ‘represent’ to explain who an MLA is and how is the person elected?
Answer.

1. The entire state is divided into constituencies equal to the number of seats in the State Legislature Assembly.
2. The voters of each constituency cast their votes in favour of the candidates of their choice.
3. The candidate who secures the highest number of votes gets elected as an MLA and represents the constituency in the legislative r assembly of the State.

Question 2.
How did some MLAs become Ministers? Explain.
Answer.

1. The Party which obtains more than 50 percent of total seats in an Assembly is termed as the ruling party.
2. The ruling party members {MLAs) choose their leader.
   • The leader is the leader of the ruling party.
   • The Governor appoints and gives an oath to the leader as Chief Minister.
   • The Chief Minister forms the cabinet by nominating ministers from among the ruling party MLAs or from outside, from among the party members.
   • He sends the names of the ministers to the Governor who appoints them as ministers.
   • The Governor then gives an oath to these ministers.

Question 3.
Why should decisions are taken by the Chief Minister and other ministers be debated in the Legislative Assembly?
Answer.

1. In a democracy, all Government decisions must be approved by the people.
2. The people cannot do this directly, so their representatives in the Legislative Assembly approve or disapprove the decisions taken by the Chief Minister and other ministers after taking part in a debate on the issues.

Question 4.
What was the problem in Patalpuram? What discussion/action was taken by the following? Fill in the table.

Answer.
The problem in Patalpuram was that diarrhea had broken out in the city. The discussion/decision taken by the following:

Question 5.
What is the difference between the work that MLAs do in the Assembly and the work done by government departments?
Answer.
Difference between the work that MLAs do in the Assembly and the work done by the government departments:

1. MLAs raise the issues in the Assembly and want a solution to the problems facing the masses. They also make decisions.
2. Government departments implement the decisions taken by the Assembly.

INTEXT QUESTIONS

Question 1.
What is happening in Patalpuram? (NCERT Page 31)
Answer.
People are facing acute water shortages. Due to unclean water diarrhea has spread. Children are the worst affected.

Question 2.
Why is this problem serious? (NCERT Page 31)
Answer.
This problem is serious as numerous people are dying daily due to diarrhea.

Question 3.
What action do you think can be taken in the above situation and who do you think should take this action? Discuss. (NCERT Page 31)
Answer.
Health services should be improved immediately. The Health Department should provide mobile health services to the people at once. Proper sanitation drive can be carried out. Clean drinking water should be made available.

Question 4.
Discuss the following terms with your teacher—
The public meeting, States in India, constituency, majority, the ruling party, and opposition. (NCERT Page 32)
Answer.

1. Public meeting: Meeting of the general public/people about current problems.
2. Constituency: Area represented by MLA or MP.
3. Majority: Representatives having more than 50% of members (MLAs or MPs).
4. Ruling Party: Party or parties which rule the state or the country (with more than 50%) of the total strength of the house.
5. Opposition: Parties with less than 50% majority.

Question 5.
Can you explain the following terms— a majority, the ruling party, opposition with reference to your state? (NCERT Page 32)
Answer.

1. State: Delhi
2. Majority: Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) has a majority in the Delhi Assembly with 67 MLAs out of a total of 70 MLAs.
3. Ruling Party: AAP.
4. Opposition: Bharatiya Janata Party, Indian National Congress, B.S.P., Janata Dal (S), and some independent MLAs.
   Note: Students are requested to find out answers to/about questions for their own state.

Question 6.
Construct a table, similar to the one given for Himachal Pradesh, for your state. (NCERT Page 33)
Answer.
Do this exercise yourself.
Hints: Delhi: Total Assembly seats: 70.
Political Party                                                       Number of MLAs
Aam Aadmi Party                                                               67
Indian National Congress                                                   00
Bharatiya Janata Party                                                        03
Bahujan Samaj Party                                                           00
NCP                                                                                     00
Others                                                                                 00

Question 7.
At times, the ruling party may not be a single party but a group of parties working together. This is called a coalition. Discuss with your teacher. (NCERT Page 33)
Answer.

1. When no party gets a clear majority, few parties come together and elect their leader.
2. They go to the Governor and inform him about the leader. The Governor appoints him as C.M.
3. The Governor gives the leader and his council of ministers an oath of secrecy and allegiance to the constitution.
4. The coalition parties prepare a common minimum programme (CMP) and work to implement the programme during the tenure of the coalition.

Question 8.
What were the main arguments put forward by different MLAs who thought that the government was not taking the situation in a serious manner? (NCERT Page 36)
Answer.
Main Issues

1. Spread of an epidemic.
2. Shortage of drinking water.
3. Bad/Poor condition of hospitals.
4. The dearth of doctors.

Question 9.
If you were the health minister, how would you respond to the above discussion? (NCERT Page 36)
Answer.
I would have started the mobile health care vans with the necessary equipment and doctors immediately.

Question 10.
Do you think the above debate would have been useful in some ways? How? Discuss. (NCERT Page 36)
Answer.
Yes, because it has brought the issues to the fore and is solved in minimum time.

Question 11.
In the working of the government, explain the difference between being an MLA and an MLA who is also a minister. (NCERT Page 36)
Answer.

1. An MLA highlights the burning issues and can suggest some solutions.
2. Minister takes the decision and implements it.

Question 12.
Write two measures that the government undertook for controlling diarrhea. (NCERT Page 37)
Answer.

1. Removal of garbage.
2. Arrangement’ of drinking water through tanker trucks.

Question 13.
What is the purpose of a press conference? How does the press conference help you get information on what the government is doing? (NCERT Page 37)
Answer.

1. To highlight the steps taken by the government.
2. The press conference is broadcast or telecast.
3. It is also printed in newspapers for the common people.

Question 14.

Name of department	Examples of their work
School Education
Public Works Department
Agriculture

Find out with the help of your teacher, the work done by the government departments mentioned above, and fill in the table. (NCERT Page 39)
Answer.

Question 15.
Do a similar wallpaper project about any issue connected with the working of your State Government like an education programme, any law and order issue, midday meal scheme, etc. (NCERT Page 40)
Answer.
Hints:

1. Students can take photographs of the distribution of mid-day meals in their own school for six days of a week.
2. Then, they should arrange them in order.
3. Now they put them on a chart paper in a sequence.
4. Write their observations days and put them on another chart paper.
5. Lastly, they paste them on the wall of their classroom.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 3 How the State Government Works helps you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 3 How the State Government Works, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 8 Devotional Paths to the Divine are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 8 Devotional Paths to the Divine.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 7
Subject	Social Science History
Chapter	Chapter 8
Chapter Name	Devotional Paths to the Divine
Number of Questions Solved	20
Category	NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 8 Devotional Paths to the Divine

NCERT TEXTBOOK EXERCISES

IMAGINE
You are attending a meeting where a saint is discussing the caste system. Relate the conversation.
Answer.
The main points of the conversation are:

• Origin of the caste system started from vama system.
• Division in the society.
• Caste conflicts.
• Major ill effects of the caste system.
• How to remove the caste evils.

LET’S RECALL

Question 1.
Match the following:
The Buddha                                            namghar
Shankaradeva                                    worship of Vishnu
Nizamuddin Auliya                       questioned social differences
Nayanars                                                  Sufi saint
Alvars                                                   worship of Shiva
Answer.
The Buddha                                questioned social differences
Shankaradeva                                               namghar
Nizamuddin Auliya                                       Sufi saint
Nayanars                                                 worship of Shiva
Alvars                                                      worship of Vishnu

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks:

1. Shankara was an advocate of ……………
2. Ramanuja was influenced by the ……………..
3. ………….., ……….. and .………… were advocates of Virashaivism.
4. ……………. was an important centre of the Bhakti. tradition in Maharashtra.

Answer.

1. Advaita.
2. Alvars.
3. Basavanna, Allama Prabhu, Akkamahadevi.
4. Pandharpur.

Question 3.
Describe the beliefs and practices of the Nathpanthis, Siddhas, and Yogis.
Answer.

• They advocated renunciation of the world.
• They believed that the path to salvation lay in meditation on the formless God and the realisation of oneness with it.
• To achieve this they advocated intense training of the mind and body through practices like Yog asanas, breathing exercises and meditation.
• They did not believe in the ritual and oilier aspects of conventional religion and the social order.

Question 4.
What were the major ideas expressed by Kabir? How did he express these? (Very Imp.)
Answer.
The major ideas expressed by Kabir include:

• Rejection of major religious traditions.
• Criticism of all forms of external worship of both Brahmanical Hinduism and Islam.
• Criticism of priestly classes and caste system.
• Belief in a formless Supreme God.
• Emphasis on Bhakti or devotion to achieve salvation.

Kabir expressed his ideas in a vast collection of verses known as sakhis and pads. These are said to have been composed by him and sung by wandering bhajan singers.

LET’S UNDERSTAND

Question 5.
What were the major beliefs and practices of the Sufis?
Answer.
Sufis were the Muslim mystics:

1. Rejected the outward religiosity and believed in devotion to God.
2. They rejected the elaborate rituals and the codes of behavior and believed that union with God should be as a lover seeks his beloved.
3. They composed poems to express their feelings and developed methods to train heart.
4. Zikr, contemplation, sama (singing), raqs (dancing) were some of the methods.
5. They were against idol worship and believed in collective prayers.

Question 6.
Why do you think many teachers rejected prevalent religious beliefs and practices?
Answer.
Many teachers rejected prevalent religious beliefs and practices because these were based on social differences, excess ritualism and outward display piety.

Question 7.
What were the major teachings of Baba Guru Nanak?
Answer.

• Baba Guru Nanak emphasised the importance of the worship of one God.
• He insisted that caste, creed or gender was irrelevant for attaining liberation. His idea of liberation was based on the pursuit of active life with a strong sense of social commitment.
• He used the terms nam, dan and isnan for the essence of his teaching, which actually meant right worship, the welfare of others and purity of conduct.
• He gave importance to right-belief and worship, honest living and helping others.
• Guru Nanak, thus, promoted the idea of equality.

LET’S DISCUSS

Question 8.
For either the Virashaivas or the sants of Maharashtra, discuss their attitude towards caste.
Answer.
The saints of Maharashtra focused on the Vitthala form of Vishnu and on a personal god residing inside the hearts of all people:

1. Their songs in simple Marathi language inspired people.
2. They rejected all forms of ritualism, outward display of piety and social differences based on birth and treatment to women.
3. They even rejected the idea of renunciation and preferred to live with their families and earning a livelihood.
4. They believed in serving fellow beings and sharing the pain of others.

Question 9.
Why do you think ordinary people preserved the memory of Mirabai?
Answer.
Ordinary people preserved the memories of Mirabai because of the following reasons:

1. She was devoted to Krishna.
2. Composition of innumerable bhajans expressing her intense devotion.
3. Challenged norms of upper castes.

LET’S DO

Question 10.
Find out whether there are any dargahs, gurudwaras or temples associated with saints of the bhakti tradition in your neighbourhood. Visit any one of these and describe what you see and hear.
Answer.
Do this exercise yourself.

Question 11.
For any of the saint-poets whose compositions have been included in this chapter, find out more about their works, noting down other poems. Find out whether these are sung, how they are sung, and what the poets wrote about.
Answer.
Mainly Guru Nanak. Read the chapter and write down.

Question 12.
There are several saint-poets whose names have been mentioned but their works have not been included in the chapter. Find out more about the language in which they composed, whether their compositions were sung, and what their compositions were about.
Answer.
Do this exercise yourself.

INTEXT QUESTIONS WITH THEIR ANSWERS

Question 1.
You can observe this process of local myths and legends receiving wider acceptance even today. Can you find some examples around you? (NCERT Page 105)
Answer.
Yes, the stories of Maina Sundari and Anjana Kumari in Jainism are well known that they attained salvation due to their Bhakti in the supreme God.
Other Examples:

• Alha Udal in Bundelkhand
• Raginis in Haryana and Western U.P.

Question 2.
How does the poet describe his relationship with the deity? (NCERT Page 106)
Answer.
The devotee said that he had been salvaged with the touch of the blessings of the God.

Question 3.
Try and find out more about the ideas of Shankara or Ramanuja. (NCERT Page 107)
Answer.
Please do it yourself with the help of your history teacher.

Question 4.
What is the temple that Basavanna is offering to God? (NCERT Page 108)
Answer.
Basavanna’s body.

Question 5.
Discuss the ideas about the social order expressed in the compositions of Saint Tukaram. (NCERT Page 109)
Answer.

1. God lives in the hearts of all, high or low, Dalits or the high ups.
2. He treats the weak as his son and daughter.
3. These pious people are God themselves.
4. If any one ill-treats them he should be ashamed of.

Question 6.
Why do you think Mirabai left Rana’s palace? (NCERT Page 115)
Answer.
Because she did not like to remain confined in the four walls of the palace.

Question 7.
In what ways are the ideas of this poem similar to or different from those of Basavanna and Jalaluddin Rumi? (NCERT Page 116)
Answer.

1. The ideas in this poem are similar in this way that this poem emphasises equality and against the caste and Brahmanical system.
2. Differences are in the ways that there is no need for keeping fast or Ramzan. God or Allah lives in the heart not outside.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 8 Devotional Paths to the Divine help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 8 Devotional Paths to the Divine, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 4 The Mughal Empire are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 4 The Mughal Empire.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 7
Subject	Social Science History
Chapter	Chapter 4
Chapter Name	The Mughal Empire
Number of Questions Solved	17
Category	NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 4 The Mughal Empire

NCERT TEXTBOOK EXERCISES

IMAGINE
You have inherited a kingdom. (Remember Babur and Akbar were about your age when they became rulers). How would you make your kingdom stable and prosperous?
Answer.
We would make our kingdom stable and prosperous in the following manner:

• We shall appoint an advisory council to advise on the matters of ruling and administration.
• A foolproof tax system will be started at reasonable rates.
• Government enterprises will be set up to ensure regular income to the state.
• Joint venture undertakings would be set up at a minimum rate of profit to the state exchequer.

LET’S RECALL

Question 1.
Match the following:
Mansab                                 Marwar
Mongol                                Governor
Sisodiya Rajput                      Uzbeg
Rathor Rajput                        Mewar
Nur Jahan                               Rank
Subadar                                 Jahangir
Answer.
Mansab                                     Rank
Mongol                                   Uzbeg
Sisodiya Rajput                       Mewar
Rathor Rajput                         Marwar
Nur Jahan                              Jahangir
Subadar                                 Governor

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks:

1. The capital of Mirza Hakim, Akbar’s half-brother, was …………
2. The five Deccan Sultanates were Berar, Khandesh, Ahmadnagar, …………, and …………..
3. If zat determined a mansabdar’s rank and salary, sawar indicated his …………….
4. Abul Fazl, Akbar’s friend and counsellor, helped him frame the idea of ……………. so that he could govern a society composed of many religions, cultures, and castes.

Answer.

1. Kabul.
2. Bijapur, Golconda.
3. Cavalrymen.
4. Sulh-i-kul

Question 3.
What were the central provinces under the control of the Mughals?
Answer.
Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh.

Question 4.
What was the relationship between the man Sardar and the jagir?
Answer.

1. Mansabdar were the nobles or the rank holders. They were not paid salaries Instead they were given the right to collect revenue from the land granted to them. These lands were called jagirs.
2. Often mansabdars had to serve outside their jagirs therefore the revenue from their jagir was collected by their servants.

LET’S UNDERSTAND

Question 5.
What was the role of the zamindar in the Mughal administration?
Answer.
Role of the Zamindar in Mughal administration:

1. Zamindars were described as all types of intermediary whether they were local headmen of the villages or the powerful chieftains.
2. They collected taxes from peasants and deposited the same with the treasury of the empire.

Question 6.
How were the debates with religious scholars important in the formation of Akbar’s ideas on governance?
Answer.
The debates with religious scholars, of India today do not pose a challenge to national integration because today, we have a democratic, republic government appointed by the common people of the land through elections.

Question 7.
Why did the Mughals emphasise their Timurid and not their Mongol descent?
Answer.
The Mughals did not like to be known as Mongols. Genghis Khan’s memory was associated with the massacre of people and invasional instinct. It was also linked with Uzbegs, their Mongol competitors.
They preferred their Timurid ancestry. Their great ancestor had captured Delhi in 1398. They were proud of their genealogy. Each ruler had his picture made with Timur.

LET’S DISCUSS

Question 8.
How important was the income from land revenue to the stability of the Mughal Empire?
Answer.
Land revenue was the backbone of the Mughal Empire. Without it nothing could be done. The king could not pay the salary of his soldiers. Neither could he do any welfare work. The administrative expenditure was so vast and this could be met with this revenue only. Hence, revenue was important to strengthen the empire.

Question 9.
Why was it important for the Mughals to recruit mansabdars from diverse backgrounds and not just Turanis and Iranis?
Answer.
It was important for the Mughals to recruit mansabdars from diverse backgrounds and not just Turanis and Iranis because of the following reasons:

• It had a positive effect on the emotions of the people of India (Hindustan—the subcontinent).
• The people of the subcontinent were more conversant with the status of land and taxes to be imposed on it.

Question 10.
Like the Mughal Empire, India today is also made up of many social and cultural units. Does this pose a challenge to national integration?
Answer.
No. This does not pose any challenge to national integration. Unity in diversity is the special feature of India. Indians may belong to different regions, cultures, castes and creed. But this does not mean that they are different people. They are one and are proud of being born in India.

Sometimes social conflicts arise no doubt but they are solved in an amicable way. Whenever there is an external threat, all Indians come together. The Kargil war is worth mentioning here. India fought and won the war in the last. That was the time when everyone was filled with patriotic feelings. There was only one goal, Le. to win the war and that India did with the help of her brave heroes.

Question 11.
Peasants were vital for the economy of the Mughal Empire. Do you think that they are as important today? Has the gap in the income between the rich and the poor in India changed a great deal from the period of the Mughals?
Answer.
Peasants are still very important as they are the producers of food and the agrarian industrial raw material:

1. Peasants pay the land revenue increasing the government revenue.
2. There is a change in the gap between the rich and the poor today as compared to the Mughal period mainly because of change in the social, economic situation of the country.
3. Now the country is one political entity with rights and duties for all the citizens and the government working for the welfare of the citizens.

LET’S DO

Question 12.
The Mughal Empire left its impact on the different regions of the subcontinent in a variety of ways. Find out if it had any impact in the city, village, or region in which you live.
Answer.
I live in Delhi. It was the capital of the Mughal Empire. The Empire changed the face of the city. We see the Red Fort, Chandni Chowk, Jama Masjid, Humayun’s tomb, the Mughal garden, etc. in the city. These were the contributions of the Mughal emperors who made the city so rich and colourful.

INTEXT QUESTIONS WITH THEIR ANSWERS

Question 1.
Do you think this painting suggests that the Mughals claimed kingship as a birthright? (NCERT Page 46)
Answer.
Yes.

Question 2.
Did the annexation of Golconda and Bijapur in Aurangzeb’s reign end hostilities in the Deccan? (NCERT Page 47)
Answer.
No, the uncertain situation still persisted and he had to personally manage the affairs of Deccan. He even had to face guerrilla warfare.

Question 3.
Can you identify the Jesuit priests in this picture? (NCERT Page 55)

Answer.
The Jesuit priests in this picture are in black and long gowns.

Question 4.
Find out more about Akbar’s other contemporaries—the ruler of England, Queen Elizabeth I (1558-1603); the Safavid ruler of Iran, Shah Abbas (1588-1629); and the more controversial Russian ruler, Czar Ivan IV Vasilyevich, also called “Ivan the Terrible” (1530-1584). (NCERT Page 57)
Answer.

1. Akbar: Universal peace
2. Queen Elizabeth: Democratic attitude
3. Shah Abbas: Liberal
4. Czar Ivan: Ruthless dictator

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 4 The Mughal Empire help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 4 The Mughal Empire, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.