Prasanna

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The Bear Story Summary in English by Axel Munthe

The Bear Story by Axel Munthe About the Poet

The Bear Story Summary in English

A lady lived in the manor-house on the border of a forest. She had a pet bear. It was found in the forest, small, and hungry. She brought it up with the help of the old cook. The little creature grew in size and strength. But he remained gentle, friendly and obedi¬ent. The three ponies in the stable knew him well. The children used to ride on his back. The three dogs loved to play games with him, and tease him. He had never tasted meat. He ate the same food as the dogs. Only some time in autumn he used to climb the tree and ate a few ripe apples. He also attacked the beehives and was punished. He was put on the chain only for the night and also on Sundays.

The lady used to go to her sister on Sundays. It was a good hour’s walk through the forest. She used to put the bear on the chain to be on the safe side. One Sunday she was half way through the forest, when she saw the bear coming at full speed. He was panting. She got angry. She was already late for lunch. She had no time to take him back home. She threatened to hit him with her umbrella. But he was not ready to go back. In anger she hit him hard with her umbrella. Then he turned round and walked back.

The lady came home in the evening. She found the bear sitting in his usual place. She was still very angry. She scolded him severely. She threatened to chain him for two more days.

The old cook rushed out from the kitchen. She told the mistress that the bear had been very gentle and meek the whole day. He had been looking towards the gate for her to come back.

The Bear Story Summary in Hindi

एक महिला एक जंगल के किनारे बने घर में रहा करती थी। उसका एक पालतू रीछ था। इसे जंगल में पाया गया था। छोटा तथा भूखा। महिला ने उसे बूढ़ी कुक की मदद से पाला पोसा। छोटा-सा रीछ का बच्चा आकार तथा ताकत में बड़ा होता गया। पर वह सीधा-साधा, मैत्रीपूर्ण तथा आज्ञाकरी बना रहा। अस्तबल में बँधे तीनों खच्चरों से उसकी पहचान हो गई। बच्चे तो उसकी पीठ पर सवार हो जाते। तीनों कुत्ते भी उसके साथ खेला करते तथा उसे तंग करते रहते थे। उसने कभी भी गोश्त नहीं खाया था। वह तो वही खाना खाता था जो कुत्तों को दिया जाता था। केवल पतझड़ में कभी-कभी वह पेड़ पर चढ़कर कुछ पके सेब खा लेता था। वह मधुमक्खी के छत्तों को छेड़ देता था तथा सजा पाता। उसे केवल रात को तथा रविवार को ही जंजीर से बाँध कर रखा जाता ।

महिला रविवार को अपनी बहन के घर जाया करती थी। एक घंटा उसे जंगल से गुजरने में लगता था। सुरक्षा के ख्याल से वह रीछ को जंजीर से बाँधकर जाती थी। एक रविवार को जब वह जंगल का आधा रास्ता तय कर चुकी थी तो उसने रीछ को तेजगति से पास आते देखा। वह हाँफता रहा था। महिला क्रोधित हो गई। उसे पहले ही लंच के लिये देर हो रही थी, उसके पास इतना समय न था कि रीछ को वापिस घर ले जाये। उसने अपनी छतरी से उसे मारने की धमकी दी। लेकिन रीछ पीछे नहीं मुड़ा। क्रोध में उसने रीछ को छतरी से जोर से मारा। रीछ उलटा मुड़ा और वापस लौट गया।

महिला शाम को घर लौटी। उसने रीछ को अपने स्थान पर बैठे पाया। वह अभी भी नाराज थी। उसने रीछ को बुरी तरह डॉटा फटकारा। उसने धमकी दी कि तुम्हें दो दिन और जंजीर से बाँध कर रखा जायेगा।

बूढी कुक रसोई से भाग कर आई। उसने मालकिन को बताया कि रीछ तो सारा दिन विनम्र बैठा रहा है। वह आपके आने की प्रतीक्षा में गेट की ओर देखता रहा था।

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Mystery of the Talking Fan Summary in English by Maude Rubin

Mystery of the Talking Fan Summary in English

Once there was an electric fan that made a lot of noise. The poet could not make out what was wrong with the fan. One day he called an electrician. He put oil in the noisy fan. As a result, the fan became noiseless.

Movement became smooth and silent. The mystery what the fan was demanding was solved.

Mystery of the Talking Fan Summary in Hindi

एक बार एक बिजली का पंखा बहुत शोर करने लगा। कवि की समझ में नहीं आया कि खराबी क्या है और पंखा क्या कहना चाहता है। एक दिन उसने एक इलेक्ट्रिशियन को बुलवाया।

उसने पंखे का शोर बन्द कर दिया। उसने पंखे के अंदर की घूमती हुई मोटर में तेल डाल दिया। पंखा आराम से चुपचाप चलने लगा। इस प्रकार से पंखे की माँग का रहस्य हल हो गया।

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Chandni Summary in English by Zakir Husain

Chandni Summary in English

Once an old man, Abbu Khan lived in Almora. He was alone. His only companions were a few goats which he always kept as pets. He gave them funny names. He took them out for grazing in day time. He talked to them as one talks to one’s own children. At night he put a string round the neck of each goat.

But poor Abbu was unlucky. One by one his goats broke the string, freed themselves and disappeared in the hills. They loved their freedom. So whenever they got the chance, they would run away only to be killed by an old wolf who lived in the hills. Abbu was sad and puzzled. He wondered why his goats in spite of all the good food and affection, ran straight into the jaws of death. Freedom for them meant struggle, hardships and even death.

When all the goats had left Abbu, he decided not to keep any goat as a pet any more. But he felt very lonely. So he brought a young goat. He hoped that it would begin to love him and never want to go to the hills.

The new goat was white as snow and was very friendly. Abbu called her Chandni. He would narrate to her stories of all his friends. Several years passed. Chandni was still with Abbu. Abbu believed that chandni would never leave him. But her plan was something else. She watched the hilltops which appeared so charming. She hated the rope that wouldn’t let her go. She stopped eating the green grass. She refused to listen to Abbu s stories. She lost her appetite. She only looked at the hills madly. One day she opened her heart to him. She said she would die if she was not allowed to go to the hills. Abbu warned her of the risk. The dangerous wolf would eat her up. But she was ready to face and light the wolf.

Abbu got very angry. He pushed her into a small hut and shut the door. But the same night Chandni made her escape through the small window.

She reached the hills which welcomed her. The tall grass, the flowers, the wind—all amused her. It was the happiest day in Chandni’s life. She refused to join the group of wild goats. She wanted to enjoy her freedom alone.

The sun set behind the hills. She heard a strange sound coming from the bushes. It was the grunt of the dangerous wolf. She was afraid but decided to put up good fight.

She was ready to fight the enemy like a brave soldier. The wolf came near Chandni and began to stare greedily at her. Now the fight began which went on through the night. At day break she lay bathed is blood, ready to be eaten up by the wolf.

A bird on top of the tree thought that the wolf had won the battle. But a wise old bird declared firmly that Chandni was the winner.

Chandni Summary in Hindi

किसी समय एक वृद्ध अब्बू खान अलमोड़ा में रहा करता था। वह अकेला था। उसकी एक मात्र साथी थीं उसकी कुछ पालतू बकरियाँ। वह उन्हें अजीबोगरीब नामों से पुकारता था। वह उन्हें दिन में चराने ले जाता था। वह उनसे इस प्रकार बातें करता था जैसे कोई बच्चों से। रात को वह प्रत्येक को गले में रस्सी से बाँध कर रखता था।

पर बेचारे अब्बू की किस्मत ही खराब थी। उसको बकरियाँ एक-एक करके रस्सी तोड़कर खुल गई तथा पहाड़ियों पर चली गई। उन्हें अपनी आजादी प्यारी थी। पर उन्हें एक बूढ़ा भेड़िया खा गया। अब्बू उदास तथा हैरान था। उसकी समझ में नहीं आता कि इतना अच्छा दाना खिलाने तथा प्यार देने के बावजूद बकरियाँ क्यों मौत के मह में दौड जाती थीं। उनके लिये आजादी का अर्थ या संघर्ष, कठिनाइयाँ तथा मृत्यु।

जब सभी बकरियाँ भाग गई तो अब्बू ने निश्चय कर लिया कि अब वह कोई बकरी नहीं पालेगा। पर उसे इतना अकेलापन लगा कि उसने एक बकरी का बच्चा खरीद ही लिया। उसे उम्मीद थी कि यह बकरी उसे प्यार करने लगेगी तथा कभी पहाड़ियों पर भाग कर नहीं जायेगी।

नयी बकरी बर्फ जैसी सफेद थी तथा बहुत मैत्रीपूर्ण थी। अब्ब उसे चाँदनी कहकर पुकारता था। वह उसे अपने सभी मित्रों की कहानियाँ सुनाता रहता था। कई वर्ष गुजर गये। बकरी जवान हो गई। अब्बू को विश्वास हो गया कि चाँदनी अब कहीं नहीं जाएगी। परन्तु चाँदनी की मंशा कुछ और थी। वह पहाड़ियों के शिखरों को देखा करती जो सन्दर लगते थे। उसे रस्सी से नफरत थी जो उसे पहाडियों पर जाने नहीं देती थी।

उसने हरी घास खाना भी बंद कर दिया। अब्बू की कहानियों में उसकी रुचि खत्म हो गई। उसकी भूख प्यास भी मर गई। वह पागलों की तरह केवल पहाड़ियों को ताका करती थी। एक दिन उसने उससे अपने मन की बात कह दी। उसने बताया यदि उसे पहाड़ियों पर विचरण नहीं करने दिया जायेगा तो वह मर जायेगी। अब्बू ने उसे चेताया कि तुम खतरा मोल ले रही हो। खतरनाक भेड़िया तुम्हें खा जायेगा। पर वह तो भेड़िया से लड़ने को तैयार थी।

अब्बू बहुत नाराज हो गया। उसने चाँदनी को एक छोटी सी झोंपड़ी में धकेल कर दरवाजा बन्द कर लिया। पर उसी रात चाँदनी एक छोटी सी खिड़की से जो खुली रह गई थी, बाहर निकल गईं।

वह पहाड़ियों पर पहुँच गई। ऊँची घास, फूल तथा पवन ने उसका मनोरंजन किया। यह चाँदनी के जीवन का सबसे अधिक वणी का दिन था। उसने जंगली बकरियों के झुण्ड में शामिल होने से इन्कार कर दिया। वह अपनी आजादी का आनन्द अकेली ही लेना राहती थी।

पहाड़ियों के पीछे सूरज छिप गया। चाँदनी को झाड़ियों से आती विचित्र आवाज सुनाई दी। यह तो खतरनाक भेड़िए की गुर्राहट वह भयभीत हो गई पर उसने डटकर मुकाबला करने की ठान ली।

वह एक वीर योद्धा की भाँति शत्रु से लड़ने को तैयार थी। भेड़िया आया और दोनों की लड़ाई शुरु हो गई जो सारी रात चलती रही। भोर के समय चाँदनी खून से लथपथ पड़ी थी, भेड़िया उसे खाने को तैयार था।

एक वृक्ष पर बैठे पक्षी ने सोचा कि भेड़िया ने लड़ाई जीत ली। पर एक ज्ञानी वृद्ध पक्षी ने दृढतापूर्वक कहा कि विजेता तो चाँदनी रही।

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Trees Summary in English by Shirley Bauer

Trees Summary in English

Trees are our best friends. They are also friendly to children. They give us timber and fruits. One can make houses in trees. Children are provided with space for swings. The wind blows through them. Children can hide behind their trunks in the game ‘hide and seek’.

The grown ups can organise tea parties under them. Kites get caught in tree branches. Trees give us cool shade in summer. They keep us warm in winter by giving fuel. Mothers find trees good for painting lovely pictures. Fathers gather dry leaves in autumn.

Trees Summary in Hindi

वृक्ष हमारे सबसे अधिक अच्छे मित्र हैं। वे बच्चों के भी मित्र होते हैं। वे हमें लकड़ी तथा फल देते हैं। हम वृक्ष में घर बना सकते हैं। बच्चों को झला डालने की सुविधा मिल जाती है। पवन वक्षों के बीच से गुजर जाता है। बच्चे लका-छिपी खेल में वक्ष के तनों के पीछे छिप जाते हैं।

वयस्क वृक्षों के नीचे चाय पार्टी आयोजित कर सकते हैं। पतंग वृक्ष की शाखाओं में आकर उलझ जाते हैं। वृक्ष हमें ग्रीष्म में ठण्डी छाँव देते हैं। वे हमें जाड़े में ईंधन देकर गर्म रखते हैं। मातायें इन प्यारे वृक्षों के सुन्दर चित्र बनाती हैं। पिता भी पतझड़ में वृक्षों के सूखे पत्ते बटोर लेते हैं।

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I Want Something in a Cage Summary in English by L. E. Greeve

I Want Something in a Cage Summary in English

Mr Purcell owned a pet shop. He sold cats and dogs and monkeys. He also sold fish food and bird seed. The birds and other small creatures were closed up in cages. They moved about madly in circles. They made a lot of noise. But Purcell was used to that.

Each morning Purcell sat on a high stool behind the counter to read the morning paper. As he read, he smiled or frowned. It was a rough day. A fainted wind was blowing. A bell at the door rang whenever a customer entered the shop. That morning it didn’t ring. A stranger entered the shop and stood before the owner.

The man wore a cheap, ill-fitting suit. His hair was cut short. He ran his eyes around at the cages. He said he wanted something in a cage, something small, a bird. He pointed to a cage which contained two white doves. Purcell demanded the price five dollars and fifty cents. The man felt sad. He wanted to have those birds but he had only five dollars. Purcell finalised the deal and handed the cage to his customer. The man asked Purcell if he was not disturbed by the noise. Purcell, however, didn’t hear any noise.

The stranger then told Purcell that he had earned those five dollars after ten years of hard labour in prison, fifty cents a year. He turned around and walked out of the store. Just outside, he held the cage high and drew out one of the doves and then the second one. He set them free into the air. Then he dropped the cage and walked away.

Purcell stood perplexed. He wondered why the man had let the birds loose. Any way, he felt sort of insulted. While he was robbing the pets of their freedom, the stranger had spent his total earning on buying and then liberating them.

I Want Something in a Cage Summary in Hindi

मि० पुरसेल की पालतू जीवों की दुकान थी। वह बिल्लियों, कुत्तों तथा बन्दरों को बेचा करता था। वह मछली का चारा तथा पक्षियों के दाने भी बेचता था। पक्षी तथा अन्य छोटे जीव पिंजरों में बंद थे। वे पागल जैसे चक्कर काटा करते। वे शोर भी बहुत करते थे, पर पुरसेल उसका आदी हो चुका था।

हर प्रातः पुरसेल एक ऊँचे स्टूल पर काउंटर के पीछे बैठकर अखबार पढ़ता था। पढ़ते-पढ़ते वह मुस्करा देता था अथवा त्योरी चढ़ा लेता था। दिन खराब था। तेज हवा चल रही थी। जब कभी कोई ग्राहक दुकान में प्रवेश करता था तो दरवाजे पर लटकी पटी जज जाती थी। उस प्रातः घंटी नहीं बजी। एक अजनबी दुकान के अन्दर आकर मालिक के सामने खड़ा हो गया।

उस व्यक्ति ने एक घटिया सा ढीला-ढाला सूट पहन रखा था। उसके बाल छोटे कटे थे। उसने अपनी दृष्टि पिंजरों पर डाली। वह बोला मुझे पिंजरों में बंद कोई जीव चाहिये, कोई छोटा पक्षी। उसने एक पिंजरे की ओर संकेत किया जिसके अन्दर दो परफेद फाख्ता थीं। पुरसेल ने उसकी कीमत बताई साढ़े पांच डालर। व्यक्ति उदास हो गया। वह उन पक्षियों को खरीदना तो चाहता था पर उसके पास केवल पाँच डालर ही थे। पुरसेल ने सौदा तय कर लिया तथा पिंजरा उस अजनबी को सौंप दिया। व्यक्ति ने पुरसेल से प्रश्न किया क्या आपको इस शोर गुल से कोई तकलीफ नहीं होती। पर पुरसेल को तो कोई शोर नहीं सुनाई देता था।

तब अजनबी ने पुरसेल को बताया कि उसने अपने पाँच डालर दस वर्ष जेल में कठिन परिश्रम के बाद एकत्र किए थे, हर वर्ष पचास सेंट की दर से। वह मुड़ा तथा स्टोर से बाहर निकल गया। बाहर पहुँचते ही उसने अपने पिंजरे को ऊपर उठाया तथा एक पक्षी को बाहर निकाला. फिर दूसरे को निकाला। दोनों को उसने हवा में उड़ने के लिए मुक्त कर दिया। फिर पिंजरा उसने फेंक दिया तथा चला गया।

पुरसेल उलझन में खड़ा रह गया। उसे समझ में नहीं आया कि उस व्यक्ति ने पक्षियों को आजाद क्यों कर दिया। उसने अपमानित महसूस किया। पुरसेल स्वयं अपने जीवों की आजादी छीन रहा था, उस अजनबी ने अपनी सारी पूँजी लगाकर दो पक्षियों को खरीदा तथा उन्हें आजाद कर दिया।

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Chivvy Summary in English by Michael Rosen

Chivvy by Michael Rosen About the Poet

Chivvy Summary in English

The word ‘chivvy’ means urging someone continuously to do something. Grown-ups usually have the habit of asking the children to do or not to do something in order to teach them good manners. They would tell the child to speak up, not to talk while eating something, not to look fixedly at anybody, not to point, not to pick or clean the nose. Most children don’t like such instructions.

Grown-ups also teach the young ones to say please, to keep quiet, to shut the door behind them, keep a hankie, not to drag feet, and take their hands out of their pockets.

They shout at the children to pull their socks up, to stand straight, to say ‘thank you’, not to cut in, and not to rest their elbows on the table. They tiy to teach manners, and rules of a cultured life. They also expect the children to think independently and behave nicely.

Chivvy Summary in Hindi

Chivvy शब्द का अर्थ होता है कि किसी व्यक्ति को निरन्तर कुछ करने की नसीहत देते रहना। बड़ी आयु के लोगों की आमतौर से आदत होती है कि वे बच्चों को शिष्टाचार सिखाने हेतु हांकते या मना करते रहते हैं। वे बच्चों से कहेंगे- बोलो, (गूंगे बनकर मत बैठो), खाना खाते समय बातें मत करो, किसी की ओर घूरते मत रहो, किसी की ओर अंगुली से संकेत मत करो, तथा अपनी नाक मत साफ करो। अधिकांश बच्चों को यह अच्छा नहीं लगता।

वयस्क लोग छोटों को सिखाते रहते हैं कि ‘कृपया’ शब्द बोलो, चुप रहो, कमरे में प्रवेश करने के पश्चात दरवाजा बन्द कर दो, रुमाल पास रखो, पैरों को घसीटते हुए मत चलो तथा जेब से हाथ बाहर निकाल लो।

वे बच्चों को डॉटकर बताते हैं कि अपनी जुराब ऊपर खींच लो, सीधे खड़े होना सीखो, धन्यवाद देना मत भूलो, दूसरों की बातचीत में दखल मत दो तथा मेज पर कोहनी टिका कर मत बैठो। वे बच्चों को शिष्टाचार तथा सुघड़ जीवन शैली के नियम सिखाते हैं। वे यह भी अपेक्षा करते हैं कि बच्चे स्वतन्त्र रुप से निर्भय तथा शिष्ट आचरण करें।

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Golu Grows a Nose Summary in English by Rudyard Kipling

Golu Grows a Nose Summary in English

It was a time when the elephant had no trunk. Golu was a baby elephant. He had only a bulgy nose. He ‘could only move it from side to side. But he couldn’t pick up things with it.

He was full of questions. He asked his aunt, the ostrich why she didn’t ever fly like other birds. He asked his tall uncle, the giraffe why his skin has spots. He asked the hippopotamus why his eyes were always red. Finally, he asked the monkey why melons tasted like melons.

One day Golu asked the mynah bird what the crocodiles always had for dinner. The bird directed him to the Limpopo river to find out. Taking a lot of sugarcanes, ba¬nanas and melons, he went to the great river. He met a python, and put his question and got no reply.

Golu moved on the river bank when he saw a log of wood. It was really the cunning crocodile. Golu put his question to him. He told that he would give the reply in his ear. It caught Golu by the nose, and told that today he would eat the elephant. It started dragging him hard into the stream.

Golu cried for help. The python came and coiled fast round Golu’s stomach. Both pulled very hard. At each pull Golu’s nose grew longer and longer. He was free at last.

In two days his nose grew cool but it did not shrink. Instead, it turned into a trunk. However, it proved to be very advantageous. Golu first hit a stinging fly dead with his trunk. Then he plucked the grass and put it into his mouth. The trunk enabled him to dig up some mud and throw it on his head. He thanked the python for its help.

Golu Grows a Nose Summary in Hindi

एक समय ऐसा भी था जब हाथी की सूंड नहीं होती थी। गोलू एक बच्चा हाथी था। उसकी नाक उभरी हुई थी। उसे वह इधर-उधर हिला तो सकता था पर उसके द्वारा कोई चीज उठा नहीं सकता था।

वह प्रश्न बहुत किया करता था। उसने अपनी चाची उस शुतरमुर्ग से पूछा कि आप अन्य पक्षियों की भाँति क्यों नहीं उड़ती हो। उसने अपने लम्बे चाचा जिराफ से पछा आपकी त्वचा पर ये धब्बे क्यों हैं। वह दरियाई घोडे से जराफ स पूछा आपका त्वचा पर ये धब्बे क्यों हैं। वह दरियाई घोड़े से प्रश्न करता है कि तुम्हारी आँखें हमेशा लाल क्यों होती हैं। अंत में वह बन्दर से पूछता है कि तरबूज का स्वाद तरबूज जैसा क्यों होता है।

एक दिन गोलू ने मैना पक्षी से पूछा कि मगरमच्छ रात्रि भोज में क्या खाते हैं। पक्षी ने उसे इसका पता लगाने के लिए लिम्पोपो नदी पर भेज दिया। ढेर सारे गन्ने, केले तथा तरबूज लेकर वह नदी की ओर चल दिया। रास्ते में उसे एक अजगर मिला, उसने उससे भी वही प्रश्न किया पर कोई उत्तर न मिला।

गोलू नदी तट पर पहुंचा जहाँ उसने लकड़ी का एक कुंदा देखा। वास्तव में वह धूर्त मगरमच्छ ही था। गोलू ने उससे अपना सवाल पूछा। उसने कहा वह जवाब उसके कान में देगा। उसने गोलू की नाक पकड़ ली और कहा आज वह हाथी का भोजन करेगा। उसने उसे जोर लगा कर नदी में खींचना शुरु कर दिया।

गोलू ने सहायता की गुहार लगाई। अजगर ने आकर गोलू के पेट को लपेट लिया। दोनों पूरा जोर लगाते रहे। हर खिंचाव के साथ गोलू की नाक लम्बी होती गई। अंत में वह पकड़ से छूट गया।

दो दिनों में उसकी नाक ठण्डी हो गई किन्तु सिकुड़ी नहीं। बल्कि वह सैंड बन गई। यह काफी लाभदायक हुआ। सबसे पहले गोलू ने डंक मारती मक्खी को सूंड से मार दिया। फिर उसने घास उखाड़ी और उसे अपने मुँह तक पहुँचा दिया। सूंड़ ने उसे मिट्टी खोदकर अपने सिर पर डालने में मदद कर दी। गोलू ने अजगर की सहायता के लिये उसे आभार व्यक्त किया।

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Animal Farm Chapter 10 Summary

Several years passed by, many animals attained age and died and few recall the days before the Rebellion. The animals completed a new windmill, which is used not only for generating electricity but for milling corn, a far more profitable endeavour. The farm seems to have grown richer, but only the pigs and dogs live comfortable lives. Squealer explains that the pigs and dogs do very important work-filling out farms.

The other animals largely accept this explanation, and their lives go on very much as before. They never lose their sense of pride in Animal Farm or their feeling that they have differentiated themselves from animals on the other farms. The inhabitants of Animals Farm still fervently believed in the goals of the Rebellions world free from humans, with equality for all animals.

One day, Squealer takes the sheep off to a remote spot to teach them a new chant. He informed others that he was teaching them to sing a new song. Not long afterward, the animals have just finished their day’s work when they hear the terrified neighing of a horse. It is Clover, and she summons the others hastily to the yard. There, the animals gaze in amazement at Squealer walking towards them on his hind legs. Napoleon soon appears as well, walking, upright, worse, he carries a whip. Before the other animals have a chance to react to the change, the sheep began to chant as if on cue :” Four legs good, two legs better!”

Clover whose eyes are foiling in her old age, asks Benjamin to read the writing on the barn wall where the Seven Commandments were originally inscribed. Only the last Commandment remains : “All animals are equal”. However, it now carries an addition : “But some animals are more equal than others” In the days to follow, Napoleon openly begins smoking a pipe of Jones in his mouth and wears his clothes. His favourite show was dressed in Mrs. Jones clothes, and the other pigs subscribe to human magazines, listen to the radio, and begin to install a telephone, also wearing human clothes that they have salvaged from Mr. Jones’ wardrobe.

One day, the pigs invite neighbouring human farmers over to inspect Animal Farm. The farmers praise the pigs and express, in diplomatic language, their regret for past “misunderstandings”. The other animals, led by Clover, watch through a window as Mr. Pilkington and Napoleon toast each other, and Mr Pilkington declares that the farmers share a problem with pigs : “If you have your lower animals to contend with,” he says, “We have our lower classes!”. Mr. Pilkington notes with appreciation that the pigs have found ways to make Animal Farm’s animals work harder and on less food than any other group of farm animals in the county.

He adds that he looks forward to introducing these advances on his own farm. Napoleon replies by reassuring his human guests that the pigs never wanted anything other than to conduct business peacefully with their human neighbours and that they have taken steps further to that goal. Animals on Animal Farm will no longer address one another as “Comrade”, he says, or pay homage to Old Major, nor will they salute a flag with a horn and hoof upon it. All of these customs have been changed recently by decree, he assures the men. Napoleon even announces that Animal Farm will now be known as the Manor Farm, which is, he believes, its “Correct and original name”.

The pigs and farmers return to their amiable card game, and the other animals creep away from the window. Soon the sounds of a quarrel draw them back to listening. Napoleon and Pilkington have played the ace of spades simultaneously, and each accuses the other of cheating. The animals, watching through the window, realize with a start that, as they look around the room of the farmhouse, they can no longer distinguish which of the card players are pigs and which are human beings.

Animal Farm Chapter 10 Summary Word Meanings :

• Rheumy – Watery
• Frugally – Economical in use or expenditure, not wasteful
• Taciturn – Reserved or uncommunicative in speech.
• Morose – Sullen and ill tempered.
• Stone – 14 pounds (= 6.35 Kg)
• Haughty – Arrogant
• Inebriated – Drunk
• Invariably – Always
• Stroll – To walk in a slow relaxed manner.
• To cease – To stop

Animal Farm Chapter 10 Summary Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
It was just after the sheep had returned on a pleasant evening when the animals had finished work and were making their way back to the farm buildings, that the terrified neighing of a horse sounded from the yard. Startled, the animals stopped in their tracks.
(i) From where did the sheep return? Under whose supervision were they? What were they taught while they were in this place?
(ii) It was the neighing of Clover – the horse, whose voice startled the animals?
(iii) How did the animals react to this sight at first? Why were they not able to protest?
(iv) Why did Clover lead Benjamin gently to the end of the barn immediately after this? What did they find written on the wall?
(v) What strange and disturbing change did the animals observe in the pigs when they peered in at the dining room window later that evening? Comment on the irony of situation.
Answer:
(i) The sheep returned from a piece of waste ground at the other end of the farm.They were under the supervision of Squealer, a small, white, fat porker, who served as Napoleon’s second-in¬command and minister to spread propaganda among the other animals. There they were taught a new song by squealer, “Four legs good, tivo legs better.”

(ii) The animals ran to Clover after hearing her cries. The sight that their eyes met shook them totally. They saw a pig walking on his hind legs. The pig was none other than Squealer. Then came other pigs, some were able to walk with a bit of difficulty while others had no problem at all. Then Napoleon also came walking like a human being.

(iii) The animals were in utter shock at seeing the pigs walk like the human beings on their hind legs. They were terrified and were about to protest.
Before the other animals have a chance to protest, as of a signal, the sheep started bleating out loudly, “Four legs good, two legs better.”

(iv) Clover’s eyes are foiling due to old age, so she took Benjamin gently along to the barn wall where the Seven Commandments were originally inscribed.
On the wall only the last Commandment remained. “All animals are equal.” However, it now carried an addition : “But some animals are more equal than others.”

(v) When later in the evening the animals peered in at the dining room window, they saw that the pigs had made friendship with the human beings. They were all sitting at a table, drinking beer and playing a game of cards. They also heard how the humans ridiculed the hard working animals of the farm and how Napoleon again rechristened the Animal Farm to ‘Manor Farm’.

The irony here is that, it was the pigs who started the rebellion and changed the name of the farm to ‘Animal Farm’ and developed the belief system known as ‘Animalism and The Seven Commandments’. The animals later realized that after moving out of the tyranny of the humans they would soon fall under the despotic rule of the pigs and be exploited, deceived, cheated and slaughtered by them.

Question 2.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow.
One day in early summer, Squealer ordered the sheep to follow him, and led them out to a piece of waste ground at the other end of the farm, which had become overgrown with birch saplings. The sheep spent the whole day there browsing at the leaves under Squealer’s supervision.
(i) Who is Squealer ? What are we told immediately after the extract ?
(ii) What happens on a pleasant evening when the animals, after completion of their work, are returning to the farm ?
(iii) Narrate briefly the sight that is seen by the animals in the yard.
(iv) What is the effect of what they see on the animals ? What do the sheep suddenly bleat out ?
(v) ‘That evening loud laughter and bursts of singing came from the farmhouse’. Describe the scene that was seen by the wonder-struck animals.
Answer:
(i) Squealer was one of the pigs living in the Animal Farm. He was a devotee of Napoleon and had the duty of spreading his lies and deceit. Immediately after the extract, it is told that the sheep remained in the waste ground for about a week and Squealer was teaching them a new song.

(ii) It was a pleasant evening and all the animals were returning to the farm after a hard day’s labour. Then suddenly, they heard a loud neighing of a horse. They were startled and stopped immediately. Then again the sound came, it was Clover’s. They run to see what the matter was.

(iii) The animals ran to Clover after hearing her cries. The sight that their eyes met totally shook them. They saw a pig walking on his hind legs. The pig was none other than Squealer. Then came other pigs. Some were able to walk with a bit of difficulty while others had no problem at all. Then Napoleon also came walking like a human being.

(iv) The animals were in utter shock at seeing the pigs walk like the human beings on their hind legs. They were terrified and were about to protest. Just then, as a signal, the sheep started bleating out loudly, “Four legs good, two legs better.”

(v) The animals were looking through the window. The pigs had made friendship with the human beings. They were all sitting at a table, drinking beer and playing a game of cards. They also heard how the humans ridiculed the hard working animals of the farm and how Napoleon again rechristened the Animal Farm to ‘Manor Farm’. All the fights, the rebellion, the sacrifices everything else was same.

Question 3.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow.
‘If you have your lower animals to contend with,’ he said, ‘we have our lower classes!’
(i) Who is the speaker of these lines ? To whom are they addressed ?
(ii) Why does the speaker say this ?
(iii) Where are the other animals ?
(iv) What similarities do we notice between the pigs and human beings ir. this chapter ?
(v) What is the author trying to show through these lines ?
Answer:
(i) These lines are spoken by Mr. Pilkington of Foxwood Farm to Napoleon and his cabinet, during their well- catered retreat inside the farmhouse while raising a toast and dispelling all doubts and misunderstanding between the animals and human beings.

(ii) Mr Pilkington and other farmers had been invited by Napoleon to inspect the Animal Farm and after the inspection they are invited to the farmhouse for a meeting. The human beings are really impressed with the way the pigs have managed Animal Farm and praise it. These lines emphasise the bonding and the similarity between the pigs and human beings by the end of the chapter.

(iii) The other animals are watching the human beings and the pigs from outside the window.

(iv) The pigs have started walking on hind legs and changed the principle of Animalism to “four feet good, two feet better.” The Seventh Commandment is changed to “All animals are equal but some animals are more equal”. The pigs have started drinking alcohol and use language to abuse their fellow animals. They have started carrying a whip to train other animals as they consider themselves superior. These are the traits that the pigs show which resembles human beings.

(v) The quote serves to emphasize directly the significance of Animal Farm as a social commentary, drawing a parallel between the downtrodden animals and the working class of the world.

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Animal Farm Chapter 9 Summary

Rebuilding of the windmill begins immediately after the celebration. Boxer had been hurt in the battle of the windmill and was nursing a split hoof. Boxer refused to take even a day off work and did not show any trouble. Boxer works harder than ever. His thoughts are now turning to retirement, for which, under the laws of Animal Farm, he is due next year. In the meantime, another cold winter with little food must be endured.

The rations of all the animals except that of the pigs and the dogs, were reduced- Squealer was still making a fool of all the animals by giving them figures. He informed them that they had been doing much better than the days of Jones and the animals believed him. However, by now they have forgotten life under Jones. Squealer never failed to point out that now they were not slaves.

The strain of the resources of the farm grows. The four sows had given birth to thirty-one piglets between them. It was easy to understand that they were Napoleon’s kids. Napoleon announced that he would teach the piglets himself and that a new classroom must be built for the piglets, who are instructed to remain aloof from the other animals. The schoolroom is in addition to the requirement to rebuild the windmill and the need to keep the farm supplied with various other requirements.

Potatoes are sold, and practically every egg laid by the hens is sold to earn the money required for these supplies. There was a shortage of money. The exploitation of the animals had long begun without their realising it. The other animals were suffering but somehow the pigs were comfortable enough. They were actually putting on weight when others were starving. In February, the barley was prepared into beer and it was announced that all barley would be reserved for the pigs. Napoleon was having the largest share of the beer daily.

Napoleon now introduces a weekly event called, the spontaneous demonstration, where every animal would leave its work to march in military procession around the farm, so as to instil pride in the animals in the achievements of the farm since the Rebellion. It comforts the animals to know that, no matter how hard their lives are, at least they have the benefit of being their own masters. In April, Animal Farm was proclaimed a Republic and Napoleon was made the President. Later, more news about Snowball’s treachery were revealed.

Another consolation around this time is the reappearance of Moses, the raven and his tales of Sugar Candy mountains. He returned after many years. The animals failed to understand why he was being allowed to live on the farm when the pigs called him a liar. They were tolerating him, giving him an allowance of beer everyday. The building work around the farm continues through the summer, heavily dependent on the extraordinary efforts of Boxer. He was famished and a bit old now but never faltered. He is showing some signs at this stage that his strength is failing. He himself is hoping to get as much work done as possible before he retires. Then one summer evening, he collapses.

All the animals rush to his side, unable to bear the thought that anything might happen to him. He was getting weak day after day but only his will kept him going. He did not pay heed to Clover and Benjamin’s working, and one day his lungs gave away. He was lying near the quarry unable to get up. The pigs were informed at once, but Squealer came about a quarter of an hour later. Squealer promised to send him to the town so that the veterinary surgeon can treat him. Clover and Benjamin spend as much time as they can over the next few days nursing him. Then, while all the animals are all at work, the van comes to take Boxer away.

They would not have noticed, except Benjamin, who gallops across the farm to tell them that Boxer is being taken away. No one has ever seen Benjamin gallop before. The animals rush to the yard in time to see the van begin to pull away. They start to wave goodbye to Boxer, but Benjamin is very agitated, and tells them to read the letters on the van. Muriel reads out the sign on the van, which describes the van as belonging to the local horse-slaughter. The animals try to warn Boxer, who tries to kick his way out of the van, but he has no strength and the kicking from the van soon dies away.

Three days later Boxers’ death was announced. Squealer informed everyday that he was with him at his death bed. He makes a moving speech in praise of Boxer. He explains the sign on the van by saying that the veterinary surgeon brought the van from the horse slaughter, and had not yet replaced the sign. The animals are relieved to hear this, and are greatly consoled by Squealer’s further descriptions of the wonderful care and treatment that Boxer received in his final hours.

Napoleon pays his respects to Boxer at the meeting on the following Sunday He tells them that it was not possible to return Boxer’s remains for burial on the farm, but that he will be commemorated with a wreath instead. Napoleon announces a memorable banquet for Boxer, which takes place in the farmhouse shortly afterwards, attended only by the pigs.Then one night, there were strange sounds from the farmhouse and no one stirred out of it before noon the following day. It was learnt that the pigs had acquired money to buy themselves whisky.

Animal Farm Chapter 9 Summary Word Meanings:

• Poulitics – A soft mass of material consisting of flour, herbs etc, applied to the body to relieve soreness and inflammation
• Rations – A fixed amount of a commodity officially allowed to a person during a time of shortage.
• Flanked – Be on each or on one side of.
• Stratagem – A plan or scheme to outwit an opponent
• Faltered – Lose strength or momentum.
• Interment – The burial of a corpse in a grave or tomb, typically with funeral rites.
• Oration – A formal speech given on a ceremonial occasion.
• Laurels – Any number of shrubs and other plants with dark green glossy leaves.

Animal Farm Chapter 9 Summary Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow.
Once again Clover and Benjamin warned him to take care of his health, but Boxer paid no attention. His twelfth birthday was approaching. He did not care what happened so long as a good store of stdne was accumulated before he went to pension. Late one evening, in the summer, a sudden rumour ran round the farm that something had happened to Boxer. He had gone out alone to drag a load of stone down to the windmill. And sure enough, the rumour was true
(i) In what condition did the animals find Boxer ?
(ii) Why did the animals feel uneasy when Squealer told them that Boxer would be sent to a hospital at Willingdon for treatment ? How did Squealer reassure them ?
(iii) How much longer did Boxer expect to live ?
How did he plan to spend his remaining days ?
(iv) What was written on the van that took Boxer away ? What did Boxer do when he heard the screams of the animals ?
(v) What was the new name given to Animal Farm by Napoleon ? What strange transformation did the animals notice on the faces of the pigs ? What is the significance of this transformation?
Answer:
(i) Boxer had fallen down. He was lying on the side and couldn’t get up. His neck was stretched out, he was unable to raise his head. His eyes were glazed, his sides matted with sweat. A thin stream of blood had trickled out of his mouth.

(ii) Except for Molly and Snowball, no other animal had ever left the farm, and they did not like to think of their sick comrade in the hands of human beings. However, Squealer easily convinced them that the veterinary surgeon in Willingdon would treat Boxer better than anyone on the farm.

(iii) Boxer expected to live another three years, and he looked forward to peaceful days that he would live in the corner of the big pasture. It would be the first time he would have the leisure to study and improve his mind. He wanted to learn the remaining twenty-two letters of the alphabet in that time.

(iv) Alfred Simmonds’, Horse Slaughterer and Glue Boiler, Willingdon. Dealer in Hides and Bone – meal. Kennels supplied’. Boxer tried to kick his way out, when he heard the screams of the animals.

(v) New name given was Manor Farm. The faces of the pigs were just like the human faces. The pigs resembled the men against whom they had rebelled to set up the Animal Farm. Power had corrupted them and they were just looking like the humans.

Question 2.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow.
Late one evening in the summer, a sudden rumour ran round the farm that something had happened to Boxer. He had gone out alone to drag a load of stone down to the windmill.
(i) What had happened to Boxer ?
(ii) What had happened to Boxer earlier ?
(iii) How can you say that Boxer was a devoted worker of the farm ?
(iv) What was decided for Boxer after this ?
(v) How had the pigs deceived poor Boxer ?
Answer:
(i) Boxer was growing old. He had been warned by both Clover and Benjamin not to overstrain himself but he would not listen. He was working at the quarry one day, pushing a stone for the windmill when his lungs gave way and he fell on the ground.

(ii) Boxer had a split hoof earlier. He had suffered with a split hoof when he was fighting in the ‘Battle of the Windmill’. His hurt hoof took a long time to heal.

(iii) There is no exaggeration in saying that Boxer was the most devoted worker of the farm. He worked diligently for its betterment. He woke up earlier than others and did crucial work. After his hoof healed, he worked even harder. There was no stopping him. He just wanted to get things completed before he retired.

(iv) About a quarter of an hour after getting to know about Boxer, Squealer appeared, full of sympathy and concern. He said that Comrade Napoleon had learned with the very deepest distress of this misfortune to one of the most loyal workers on the farm and was already making arrangements to send Boxer to be treated in the hospital at Willingdon as he would be getting a much better treatment there.

(v) After Boxer had fallen at the quarry, it was decided that he was to be sent to the hospital in Willingdon. The other animals were against it but they were convinced by Squealer who told them that they would not be able to take better care of him at the farm. However, the greedy pigs had sold him to a slaughterhouse. Boxer had gotten old and was now of no use to them. He was about to retire.

We have decided to create the most comprehensive English Summary that will help students with learning and understanding.

Call of the Wild Chapter 6 Summary

Having frozen his feet that past December, John Thornton walks a slight limp. Staying with Thornton during the spring, Buck’s strength is also restored. Buck’s muscles swell, and flesh returns to cover his bones. He makes friends with John Thornton’s other dogs, Skeet and Nig. They await the raft that will carry them to Dawson. Skeet is motherly and nurses Buck’s wounds during his convalescence. Nig is also quite friendly. The dogs manifest no jealously towards Buck. The kindness of John Thornton arises for them as well. Buck adores him, and goes wild with happiness when Thornton touches him or speaks to him.

He does not even like to lose sight of Thornton, however, Buck retains the wildness that has been growing in him since he was first kidnapped. If a strange dog appears, he fights fiercely, and always prevails. He never shows any mercy. He also hears the call of his wild nature, and apart from Thornton, he no longer has any ties to the human world. Later that year, a man named “Black” Burton, picks a quarrel with Thornton at a bar.

Burton hits him, and is immediately attacked by Buck. He barely escapes with his life, and as a result of his defense of his master, Buck gets a reputation through all the camps in Alaska. Again when John falls into the rapids of a river, Buck aids Hans and Pete in rescuing him and breaks three ribs. That winter, Buck’s fame spreads even farther throughout Alaska, when he wins a bet that Thornton makes in a bar.

The bet is that Buck can start a sled that weighs a thousand pounds. The test takes place in the street outside the bar, and Buck succeeds in his task, breaking the sled out of the ice and pulling it for one hundred yards. This feat of Buck wins sixteen hundred dollars for his master. A man then offers to Buck for twelve hundred dollars, but Thornton is not interested in selling Buck.

Call of the Wild Chapter 6 Summary Word Meanings

• Entice – Provoke someone to do something through persuasion
• Convalescence – Gradual healing through rest after sickness or injury
• Pompous – Puffed up with vanity
• Expediency – The quality of being suited to the end in view
• Eloquent – Expressing yourself readily, clearly, effectively
• Transient – Lasting a very short time
• Beckon – Summon with a wave, nod, or some other geture
• Chasm – A deep opening in the earth’s surface
• Uncanny – Surpassing the ordinary or normal
• Hankering – A yearning for something
• Impede – Be a hindrance or obstacle to
• Jagged – Having a sharply uneven surface or outline
• Veer – Turn sharply; change direction abruptly
• Appalled – Struck with fear, dread or consternation
• Quibble – Evade the truth of a point by raising irrelevant objections.
• Jubilant – Full of high-spirited delight
• Ebb – Flow back or recede
• Lurch – Move suddenly or as if unable to control one’s movements

Call of the Wild Chapter 6 Summary Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What trait in Buck’s characters ensures that he will survive in the North? How is this aspect of his character shown in the story ?
Answer:
Buck has inner strength and leadership. Buck is tenacious and assertine. In his former life, these traits would be aggressive and discouraged. Buck was merely a pampered pet. Although Buck’s new world is much harsher than his old world. It also suits Buck better.Buck is beginning his inner strength and purpose. Buck was docile and submissive. These traits in Buck’s character ensure that he will survive in the North.

Question 2.
What underlines Thornton’s mastery over Buck ?
Answer:
Buck’s devotion to Thornton is so great that it is blind. While Buck lives for Thornton, he will also die for him. This steadfast obedience underlines Thornton’s mastery over Buck.

Question 3.
How did Thornton test Buck’s loyalty ?
Answer:
Thornton test’s Buck’s loyalty by commanding him to jump off its ledge. Buck starts forward, but Thornton grabs him before he can toss himself over the ledge. Buck’s unwavering obedience delights and disturbs Thornton.

Question 4.
How did Buck save his master’s reputation?
Answer:
In chapter 6, just before Buck returns to the primitive world, Jack London shows us the love, and the devotion of an animal. Buck saves Thornton’s reputation by pulling a thousand pound load and winning a ton of money for.

Question 5.
Why is Thornton known as the “ideal master”?
Answer:
Buck’s relationship with Thornton is unique because it is defined by love, making Thornton the “ideal master”. Buck does not work for, or guard Thornton, but loves him. Yet this love is so potent that it enslaves Buck, quelling his instinctual desire to go into the forest and compelling him to follow Thornton, wherever he may go.

Question 6.
How do you come to know that the relationship between Buck and Thornton is one of mutual love and respect?
Answer:
When Buck rescues Thornton, he only repays John for rescuing his life-man and dog rely on each other not only to live, but to survive in the face of nature’s unforeseen calamities and conditions. Buck and Thornton are willing to risk their lives for the other shows that their relationship is one of mutual love and respect.

Extract Based Questions

Question 1.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
For that matter, they were all loafing Buck, John Thornton, and Skeet and Nig-waiting for the raft to come that was to carry them down to Dawson. Skeet was a little Irish setter who early made friends with Buck, who, in a dying condition was unable to resent her first advances.
(i) Give the reference of the above passage.
(ii) Write briefly about Thornton’s other dogs.
(iii) How does Buck show his love to Thornton?
(iv) How does Buck act towards Pete and Hans?
(v) What did Buck hear one night.
Answer:
(i) The above extract has been taken from Chapter 6 -‘For the Love of a Man’ of the novel, “The Call of the Wild” written by Jack London. John Thornton having frozen his feet walks with difficulty. They all await the raft which will carry them to Dawson.

(ii) In Chapter 6, the dogs of John Thornton which are referred here are, Skeet and Nig. Skeet is motherly and nurses Buck’s wounds, when the eater is in trouble. Nig is also described as a friendly creature. The dogs love Buck, even John Thornton has feeling of kindness towards the dogs.

(iii) Buck’s true, in fact, genuine love is described in the chapter. To express his love towards Thornton, Buck closes his mouth around Thornton’s hand in a fake bite. Buck even adores him, and is wild with happiness when Thornton touches him or speaks to him.

(iv) Pete and Hans are John Thornton’s friends, in fact, partners. Buck tolerates both of them in a passive way. When Hans and Pete arrived on the long expected raft Buck refused to notice their arrival also. This shows he indifferent behavior towards Hans and Pele.

(v) One night Buck sprang from sleep. From the forest came the call, distinct as never before. In an open place among the trees, he saw a long, lean, timber wolf. The wolf fled at the sight of Buck.

Question 2.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow :
But Thornton fell on his knees besides Buck. Head was against head, and he was shaking him back and forth. Those who hurried up heard him cursing Buck, and he cursed him long and fervently, and softly and lovingly.
(i) What do you know about the Forty Mile Creek?
(ii) How would you describe Mathewson’s bet?
(iii) How will the money that Buck won help John, Pete and Hans?
(iv) What was Buck’s reaction when he reached the camp?
(v) What were the things that stood out in Buck’s vision about the other world?
Answer:
(i) Forty Mile Creek is a dangerous river in the Yukon valley referred in chapter 6 in the novel, “The Call of the Wild” written by Jack London. Buck saves Thornton’s life when he is boating in the Forty Mile Creeks. Forty Mile was a mining community that flourished a few years before the big strike in the Klondike region.

(ii) John Thornton boasts that Buck can start a thousand pound load, break it out, walk off with it for a hundred yards. This leads to a bet with Mathewson, which is of $ 1,000. John O’ Brien lends the money to Thornton to match Mathewson’s bet. Thornton whisper’s to Buck, “As you love me, Buck. As you love me” in order to encourage him to win the bet.

(iii) John pays off his debts with the money that Buck earns from the bet; and he sets off together with his dogs and his friends, Pete and Hans. This is the most lucrative contribution to John Thornton and his partners. This bet happened outside the Eldorado Saloon.

(iv) When Buck returned to the deserted camp, he scented Thornton down to the edge of a pool. All day Buck roamed restlessly above the camp. He knew John Thornton was dead. It left a great void in him, a void which ached and ached.

(v) The salient thing of the other world seemed fear. And closely akin to the visions was the call still sounding in the depths of the forest. The most impressive thing about Buck was his massive bear gut that stood out. Buck was a stately creature; he carried himself with aloof dignity. Buck sacrificed his life out of moral.