Prasanna

This grammar section explains English Grammar in a clear and simple way. There are example sentences to show how the language is used. You can also visit the most accurate and elaborate NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English. Every question of the textbook has been answered here. https://ncertmcq.com/descriptive-paragraph-for-class-9/

Descriptive Paragraph Writing for Class 9 CBSE Format, Topics, Examples, Samples Pdf

PERSONS

Description of People is a biographical sketch of their lives from birth to the present time, highlighting major events and achievements during that span. In short it entails a person’s characteristics and events related to his life and their effects on his life.

Descriptive Paragraph Writing Solved Examples With Answers for Class 9 CBSE

Descriptive Paragraph For Class 9 Question 1.
You love your father very much, for he is an ideal father. Describe him in your own words in 100-150 words.
Answer:
Mr Raj Gupta is my father. He is a very polite and caring person. He loves me very much. Although he is a very busy person, yet he pays full attention to me and helps my mother in household chores. He is an ideal father to me. Once I fell seriously ill. It took four days and five nights to recover. All those days he took leave from his office and did not sleep the whole night while he sat beside me.

When I recovered, he took a sigh of relief. He is a true friend and counsellor to me. Without him I am lost. I pray to God to make him happy throughout the life.

Descriptive Paragraph Class 9 Question 2.
One of your friends, Raman, is very gentle and polite to you. You regard him as your best friend. Describe him in 100-150 words.
Answer:
I have many friends. Of them, Raman is my best friend. He is the friend I have always longed for. We are also classmates. He always stood by me in support during misfortunes. He is also a healthy critic as his criticism always helps me improve my behaviour and personality. Being a topper in the class, he also helps me in my studies. To conclude, he has been a boon to me. In the evening, he comes to me. We do homework together. Then we go to the park for playing and workout. Whenever I am wrong he explains to me my mistakes and tells me what to do next? I pray to God to bless upon our company forever.

Descriptive Paragraph Question 3.
Describe your favourite dancer in 100-150 words.
Answer:
I have come across many dancers in my life and fond of most but Madhuri Dixit is my favourite.

She is an Indian actor. She has been praised by critics for her dancing skills. When she dances, her movements sway the air. I have watched alf her movies in which she gave superb dancing performances. She speaks very well through her dance postures. It seems that she has dance in her DNA. She dances collectively but if we go into deep we will discover that every part of her body is dancing individually. In 2008, she was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India.

Descriptive Writing Class 9 Question 4.
Last summer vacation you went to your friend’s village. His grandmother looked after you as if you were her grandchild. Describe her in 100-150 words.
Answer:
In every summer vacation, I visit some hill station, but last time I visited my friend’s grandmother’s village on her repeated invitations. She gave me a warm welcome. First of all, we took a bath in the river and rested under the dense trees. She cared a lot, especially for me as I was her guest. Her sweet nature and soft speaking really impressed me.

The breakfast, lunch and dinner prepared by her were not only tasty but full of love. She took care of my every small need. I felt as if I were in grandmother’s paradise. She also showed many photographs from her album. She also told me that she was a champion in swimming. She won many gold medals in swimming competition. She showed me all the prizes she had achieved in her life. I was very excited.

Descriptive Paragraph Examples Question 5.
The traits of a musician are given in the box overleaf. Use these and write a short biography in about 100 -150 words. You may collect more information from the Internet, books in the library and other sources.

A. R. Rahman: Indian composer, singer, songwriter, music producer, musician and philanthropist; born.in Chennai on 6 January 1967; graduated from Trinity College, Oxford University; famous in integrating Indian classical music with electronic music, world music and traditional orchestral arrangements; recipient of the Padmashri and the Padma Vibhushan awards; two Oscars and a Golden Globe; a notable humanitarian and philanthropist; donates and raises money for a number of causes and charities.

Answer:
A.R. Rahman (Allah Rakha Rahman) is an Indian composer, singer, songwriter, music producer, musician and philanthropist who was born in Chennai on 6 January 1967. Rahman was earlier known as A.S. Dileep Kumar before he converted from Hinduism to Islam. He is a graduate from Trinity college, Oxford Univeristy. His extensive body of work for film and stage earned him the nickname of ‘the Mozart of Madras’. He first debuted with the movie ‘Roja’.

He is famous in integrating Indian classical music with electronic music, world music and traditional orchestral arrangements. He is the recipient of the Padmashri and the Padma Vibhushan awards. He has won two Oscars and a golden globe too. He is a notable humanitarian and philanthropist. He does a lot of charity work too; he donates and raises money for a number of causes and charities. Men like him are hard to find.

Paragraph Writing Class 9 Question 6.
One day you were commuting in a DTC bus. Unfortunately, your wallet was left at home. The conductor gave you the ticket for free. You are moved by his gesture. Describe him in 100-150 words.
Answer:
One day I was commuting on a DTC bus. Unfortunately, my wallet was left at home. I had no money to buy the ticket and it was useless to plead before the conductor. Every moment was adding to my anxiety, lest I should be caught by the ticket checker and further consequences. The conductor asked me to take the ticket but after knowing the truth he offered me the ticket. I looked at him as if I was asking the reason and he just smiled.

The conductor was a conscientious and kind-hearted person. He understood my problem and so did not fine. I deboarded the bus thanking him from the deep of my heart. I was moved by the behaviour of the conductor and it had been an unforgettable experience of my life.

Descriptive Passage For Class 9 Question 7.
Write a short descriptive paragraph on the famous Indian scientist Sir CV Raman in 100-150 words on the basis of the following inputs.

Born on 7 November 1888 in Madras—Physician by profession—worked in the field of light scattering—the discovery is known as ‘Raman Effect’—won Nobel Prize in 1930 for his discovery—elected ‘Fellow of the Royal Society’ in 1924—in 1954 India honoured him with its height civilian award ‘Bharat Ratna’—breathed his last on 21 November 1970.

Answer:
Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman born on 7 November 1888, in the former Madras Province of India (presently Tamil Nadu) was an Indian physician who carried out ground-breaking work in the field of light scattering. He discovered that when light traverses a transparent material. Some of the deflected light changes wavelength. This phenomena of “Raman effect” earned him the 1930 Nobel Prize for Physics.

Raman was honoured with a large number of honorary doctorates and memberships of scientific societies. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society early in his career in 1924 and knighted in 1929. He later resigned from the fellowship in 1968 for reasons unrecorded, the only Indian FRS ever to do so.

In 1954, India honoured him with its highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna and celebrates National Science Day on 28 February of every’ year to commemorate the discovery of the Raman effect in 1928. Raman breathed his last on 21 November 1970.

Class 9 Descriptive Paragraph Question 8.
Look at the following points and develop them into a descriptive paragraph.

• Name : Dr. Kiran Mazumdar Shaw
• Parents : Gujarati
  Father Rasendra Mazumdar, formely head Brewmaster at United Breweries
  Father Mazumdar suggestion study fermentation science
• Education : Schooling from Bishop’s Cotton Girls’ High School Bachelor’s degree in Zoology from Bangalore University Went to the Federation University (Australia) to study Malting and Brewing (1974) Aspired to medicine but could not
• Chairperson and Managing Director : Biocon Ltd
• Chairperson : IIM Bengalure
• Recognition : Honoured with numerous national and international awards
• Special achievement : Listing in the Forbes Magazine as most powerful woman in the world at 77th and 71st position in 2016 and 2017 respectively.

Answer:
Kiran Mazumdar Shaw is an Indian billionare entrepreneur and also the chairperson and managing director of Biocon United (a Biotechnology company) and is also the chairperson of IIM Bengaluru. Born to Gujarati parents in Bengaluru. She did her schooling from Bishop’s Cotton Girls’ High School and graduated with a bachelor’s degree in zoology from Bangalore University. She hoped to go to a medical school but did not obtain a scholarship.

Her father, Rasendra Mazumdar was the head brewmaster at United Breweries. He suggested her to pursue a course in fermentation science to be trained as a brewmaster which was a very non-traditional course for a woman. Mazumdar went to the Federation University in Australia to study Malting and Brewing in 1974, the only woman enrolled in the brewing course and earned the Master’s degree in brewery in 1975.

She joined the Biocon Company as a trainee manager for a brief period at Cork Ireland and then returned to India to start her own business. And the rest is history. She has won several national and international awards and honours today. She has been listed by Forbes as one of the most. powerful women in the world at 77th and 71st positions in 2016 and 2017 respectively.

PLACE

While describing a place there are some important steps :

• Break the description into 2-3 paragraphs.
• Each paragraph should have a topic sentence.
• Describe one aspect of the place in each paragraph.
• It is important to ensure continuity in paragraphs.
• If the description has to be written in one paragraph, then include all the details briefly.

Solved Question

Paragraph Writing For Class 9 Question 1.
You happen to visit Bhallard in the foothills of Kumaon. You collected details about this place. Write a descriptive paragraph on the basis of the following inputs in 100-150 words.
You Head To Bhallard, In The Kumaon Foothills

Fact File

• Nearest Airport : New Delhi
• Nearest Railway Station : Kathgodam (KKDM). Tickets are always in demand and need to be booked well in advance. By
• Road : From Delhi, NH 24 to Moradabad and Rampur and NH 87 to Kathgodam; via Bhimtal to Ramgarh and from there to Nathuakhan via Talla (lower) Ramgarh; From Nathuakhan, 4 km on the road towards Hartola is Bhallard village.
• Facilities : Tourist attractions abound in several places : Nainital, Bhimtal, Sattal, Ramgarh, Almora. A few home-stay options are available and need to be “identified”.
• Attractions : Natural beauty is witnessed in its abundance in this region. Lakes with boating facilities abound : for example Nainital, Bhimtal and Sattal. The Kumaon hills are wonderful for trekkers, bird watchers, nature enthusiasts and many an unspoilt hill-path beckons you. Orchards and fruit-laden trees abound in the Nathuakhan/Bhallard area.
• Aah ! Himalaya home-stay : The Aah ! Himalaya home-stay package (including breakfast, lunch, dinner and laundry) costs ?4,000/- for a couple per night. Up to two children (under 12) go free; children, older than 12 are charged a supplementary fee of ?500 per night. Single home-stays are charged at ?2500 per night, Home-Stays are always pre-arranged with the owner!

Answer:
Ballard in Kumaon district is a place where nature’s beauty can be captured. It is close to Kathgodam railway station. The nearest airport is Delhi. From h§re one can either take a train or go by road. There are many interesting places to stay there including home-stay options at Almora. Nature’s pristine beauty can be seen here. In Nainital, Bhimtal and Sattal boating facilities are available. The Kumaon hills are a wonderful place for bird watchers, nature lovers and trekkers. One can see fruit-laden trees in Ballard. Aah! Home-stay option charge? 4,000/- night per couple with 2 children below 12 free.

Descriptive Paragraph Topics For Class 9 Question 2.
You recently visited the city of Jaipur, famous for its Hawa Mahal, the palace and forts. Shopping in Jaipur is also exciting as there are many things to buy. Write a description of the place in 100-150 words.
Answer:
Jaipur, also referred to as the Pink City. The Hawa Mahal here is made of Pink stone. It is the capital of Rajasthan. It is a colourful city with monuments, good food and lots of shopping. By road from Delhi it is about 4 hours drive. By air just about 45 minutes from Delhi. It is a hot place and the best time to visit is December to February. The rest of the months it will be hot. The palaces constructed by erstwhile kings are marvels of architecture. If one has to see all the monuments it will take no less than 3 days.

Apart from forts, shopping in Jaipur is exciting. Things are reasonably priced, marble carvings and objects made out of stone are famous in Jaipur. The typical Rajasthani cuisine is elaborate and is served with lot of butter and ghee. Some of the dishes are dal, bhatti churma, kachori, etc. The art of tie and dye is very famous in Rajasthan. Fabric, dress material and sarees on which this technique is used are liked by women.

Descriptive Paragraph Diary Question 3.
Srinagar with its Dal lake, the snow clad mountain peaks and the Shalimar garden is nothing but a paradise on the earth. You visited this beautiful city sometime back. Write an account of the place in 100-150 words.
Answer:
Kashmir is the paradise on the earth. It is a beautiful place, so scenic with snow clad mountains, beautiful lakes, flowers and fruits all around. Srinagar, the capital of Kashmir, is connected by air with all major metros of India. There is no train facility at Kashmir. The nearest railway station is Katra or Jammu. There are many hotels where one can stay.

In the Dal lake there are houseboats called as Shikaras in which one can stay. Words cannot describe the beauty of this place. One can see apple trees laden with apples. Other main trees are Deodar, Firs and Pines, Chenar, Maple, Birch and Walnut. One should visit Srinagar at least once during one’s lifetime.

Descriptive Paragraph Examples For Class 9 Question 4.
Write a paragraph describing a journey, imaginery, or you have undertaken. You can follow the steps given below:

1. Prepare an itinerary.
2. You can make use of the following expressions, phrases and proverbs frequently used by the travellers.

Jetlag, itchy feet, hit the road, time table, on the home stretch, call it a day, book in advance, travel over, travel through, travel light, any port in a storm, stopover, etc.
Answer:
We decided to go to Thailand last month. I was too excited to think of what it would be like. We booked the tickets and when the time came, packed our things. When we landed at Thailand airport after a journey of about five hours, I had jet legs but soon forgot it seeing the beauty all around. We checked in the hotel and rested for some time. It was a wonderful day and we enjoyed coconut milk. We hired bikes and toured half of the island relishing the local life that was so lively and full of activity.

On our way, we tasted delicacies of the local cuisine. Mostly it was spicy food. We visited tropical jungles and witness the beauty and splendour of nature. We were overwhelmed by the serenity and beauty of the place. Soon the time to go back arrived. It was a sad feeling to think of leaving this extraordinary calmness. It was the best journey of my life.

Descriptive Paragraph Format Question 5.
The city of Delhi, capital of India, is a wonderful amalgamation of tradition and modernity. With places like Red Fort and Jama Masjid on one hand, India Gate and Rashtrapati Bhavan on the other hand, it is a city worth visiting. You happened to go around the city last month. Write a description of the city in 100-150 words.
Answer:
Delhi, the capital city of India, is a wonderful amalgamation of tradition and modernity. There are many places to visit in this city. It is the most well-connected city in this country. There is a variety of hotels and guest houses where people who visit this city can stay. If one wishes to visit all the places in this city then one has to stay here for at least 3-4 days. There is Red fort, Jama Masjid, Kutub Minar, India Gate and many other places to visit and see. There is shopping to do in Chandni Chowk, Karol Bagh and Connaught Place.

One can a feel and see the beautiful blend of the old and the new in this city.

Paragraph Writing Topics For Class 9 Question 6.
Write a descriptive paragraph on the following inputs in 100-150 words. ,
FACT FILE

• Nearest airport is at Jabalpur (165 km)
• Nearest town and railwayhead is Umaria (30 km). The other railway stations are Jabalpur (165 km), Katni (102 km) and Satna (120 km).
• There are varied government and private options for accommodation in Tala village that adjoins the park.
• The park is open to visitors from October to June. But the best season for viewing wildlife is November to April.
• Getting around : Maruti Gypsys are used to explore the park. The reservation of these can be done at the Project Tiger office or the hotels where one is staying. The tour is conducted by a guide and in the park one must adhere to the allocated route.

The Bandhavgarh National Park is set amongst the Vindhya Hills and is in the district of Shadol in Madhya Pradesh. It was declared a national park in 1968 and today covers an area of 437 sq. km. The park derives its name from the most prominent hill fort of the area, which is (mythologically) said to have been given by Lord Rama to his brother Laxman to keep a watch on Lanka (Bandhav = Brother, Garh = Fort).
Answer:
Bandhavgarh National Park is situated in the state Of Madhya Pradesh. The nearest airport is Jabalpur. It is in the Vindhya Hills, in the district’of Shadol in MP. In the year 1968 it was declared as a National Park. This park has a large biodiversity. The park has a large breeding population of leopards and various species of deer. It is declared as the Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve in 1993. It covers an area of 694 sq. km.

The best time to visit this place to enjoy the wildlife is November to April. There is a variety of accommodation available including Govt, guest houses and private hotels. Maruti Gypsies are used to go around the park. One can book these in advance either from the Project Tiger Office or from the hotel where one is staying.

Format Of Descriptive Paragraph Class 9 Question 7.
You recently visited the Children’s Park, a favourite place for all children, in your city. Write a description of the Park in 100-150 words.
Answer:
Children’s Park is the place all children love to go. The park in our city of Delhi is huge. There are about 4 play areas with different types of playthings. The area for small children has swings, see-saw and slides. Then there is a ground where children can play games like badminton, volleyball etc. There is a football court as well. Facing the India Gate is a Tennis court.

Apart form all these there are green areas for parents to play with their children. Families come here for outdoor activities and enjoy picnics especially during winters. There is a provision for cooking as well. There are many trees. As a result during summers, this park remains cool in the day. A park, which, all children should definitely visit.

EVENT

Any description of an event should include factual details. While writing about an event the following points should be kept in mind.

• As the event is being described after its completion, one has to use past tense.
• All the facts about the event have to be included while writing the description.
• It is always better not to include personal opinion or comment while describing an event.

Solved Question

Descriptive Paragraph Person Question 1.
You recently participated in a ‘Robot Making’ event in your school. Participants from as many as 30 schools in the city took part in the event. Write about the event in 100-150 words describing how many robots were made and who was awarded the best prize, etc.

Answer:
Our school organised a Robot Making Competition in which as many as 30 students from 30 schools of the city participated. As a member of the Robotic Club I represented my school in this activity. All the students were given the basic tools and units. All the groups were given 2 hours for assembling the robot together. Our group consisted of 4 of us, all members of the Robotic Club. We put together Harsh, a robot, which could play the music, do basic activities such as making bed, and washing vessels. One of the participating schools had made a running robot which could take part in running races. This robot was adjudged the best by the judges. Our robot got the second prize. The Chief Guest for the event was a Professor of Robotics from the University of Technology in the city.

Question 2.
You recently witnessed the World Cup India-South Africa Cricket match that was played in the city of Nagpur. Start to finish it was a nail-biting match. Describe it in 100-150 words.
Answer:
World Cup matches make the Indian public euphoria. Witnessing a match offers a two-fold advantage. One is witnessing the match and the other is seeing the public go mad. I got an opportunity to see the India-South Africa match that was played at Nagpur. I had flown specially from Mumbai to see the match. The stadium was packed to capacity; there was not an inch of space. Each ball bowled by the Indian bowlers and each run scored by the Indians made people hoot, shout, clap and wave the Indian flag.

Master blaster Sachin Tendulkar scored 111 runs. It was an electrifying performance. Watching it was sheer fun. Bowling of Zaheer Khan was also good.

Question 3.
The International Women’s Day was celebrated in all parts of the world with great gusto. As part of the celebrations, women achievers were given awards by the Rotary Club of your city. Among those honoured included the famous Police Officer Kiran Bedi, Sharmila Tagore and Shabana Azmi. Write a short description of this event in 100-150 words.
Answer:
March 8th is celebrated every year as International Women’s day. The reason we celebrate this day is to honour women and to recognise their contribution to the. family, society and nation.

Rotary Club of our city organized a celebration to honour some women achievers. Those honoured included Kiran Bedi, the Magsaysay award winner, Sharmila Tagore, the Chairperson of the Censor Board and Shabana Azmi, a woman activist and a great actor.

Ms Bedi exhorted the young girls to repel any untoward advances to them. She further said that the whole state machinery is with them. Ms Tagore asked the girls to study hard, because it is education that will give them confidence. Ms Azmi advised the ladies to come forward and join the mainstream of the society.

All these women pledged to work for the upliftment of women of this country.

Question 4.
Your school celebrated Sports Day on 20th February. The famous cricketer Suresh Raina was the Chief Guest for the occasion. Write a description about the event in 100-150 words.
Answer:
Our school celebrated the Sports Day on 20th February. The famous cricketer Suresh Raina was the Chief Guest on the occasion. He spoke about the dedication and hard work is the cornerstone for any success. He encouraged the youngsters to make any sport a part of their lifestyle as playing a game develops many qualities like team spirit in individuals. Tagore House took the running trophy for scoring highest points in the all the sports activities. The day started with March Past and ended with the houses marching back and lowering the their flags.

Question 5.
You recently attended a seminar on ‘How to Achieve Success’. Using the clues given below describe the event in 100-150 words.

Answer:
A seminar on ‘How to Achieve Success’ was held in our school on Monday. It was attended by as many as 600 people from various walks of life. Speaker after speaker gave some valuable tips, which if implemented, can help us achieve success. The participants defined success. Success was not something to be compared with others but it has to be looked at as improving our own performance as compared with the previous one. It is a journey and not an end in itself. If we start enjoying the journey success will follow.

Today is the age of team building. One must work with colleagues as a team and move towards the larger goal. The success of the team means the success of the organisation, that means an individual’s success. That is the way to look at it, that is the way to approach it. I came out better equipped to handle day to day situations after attending the seminar.

Question 6.
‘Career Fair’ was organised this year as well in your school. As many as 30 Institutes had put up their stalls. Some of the participants included NIFT, NID, IIPM, and Computer Academy, etc. The school had invited career counsellors as well. Write a description of the event in 100-150 words.
Answer:
Career Fair is an annual feature in our school. This event provides a platform for students upward of class-9 to meet career experts from various fields to know about the options available to them. Experts from medical, engineering, fashion, design, architecture and many other fields were invited. Also .career guidance was provided by counsellors such as Mr. Chawla, Ms. Prema.

Bookstalls and eatables were other attractions. The event was open to parents as well. Parents got to interact with experts and collect information regarding various options. The fair was open to students of classes 9-12.

Letter writing is an essential skill. Despite the prevalence of emails and text messages, everyone has to write letters at some point. Letters of complaint, job applications, thank you letters, letters requesting changes or – making suggestions – the list goes on and on. Encouraging children to write letters from an early age will improve their communication, social and handwriting skills, and teach them what they need to know about writing and structuring letters.

This grammar section explains English Grammar in a clear and simple way. There are example sentences to show how the language is used. NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English will help you to write better answers in your Class 10 exams. Because the Solutions are solved by subject matter experts. https://ncertmcq.com/letter-of-complaint-class-10/

Children are expected to learn how to write letters, notes and messages. They have to be aware of different styles of writing, the use of formal and informal letters, and to select style and vocabulary appropriate to the intended reader.

Letter of Complaint Class 10 CBSE Format, Topics, Examples, Samples PDF

Complaint Letter Class 10

Letter Writing (Formal Letters)

1. Write as you speak. Your letter should be in the nature of a conversation.
2. Adopt a familiar style for those who are intimate, but write in a formal tone to the strangers.
3. Use a suitable beginning before you start with the actual letter.
4. Write what you have to say –– clearly, briefly and precisely.
5. Be courteous and tactful. Avoid offending.
6. Avoid boring remarks. Better do away with hackneyed phrases.
7. Never fail to date your letter.
8. Write in a simple clear and colloquial language. The style of a letter depends on the nature of its contents. Private letters should be in the conversational style; business letters, short, concise and to the point; and official letters, formal and dignified.
9. Correct spellings are equally desirable even in the most familiar forms of correspondence. A letter should be legible, straightforward and grammatically correct.
10. Avoid bad punctuation which is often the cause of obscurity.

Letter Of Complaint Class 10 Examples

Parts of a Letter

A letter consists of the following parts:

1. Sender’s Name and Address. It includes the writer’s address. It is written at the top on the left hand corner of the page. If the address consists of several parts, each part is given a separate line as follows:
125, Punjabi Basti
Anand Parvat
New Delhi

2. Date. While writing the date, note that the day is written in figures, month in words and year in full figures. The year is preceded by a comma, when the date is written before it. The date should be written as follows:

3. Receiver’s Address/The Inside Address. The official letters are not addressed to the individual but to his/her official capacity; as,
The Editor
The Times of India
Bahadurshah Zafar Marg
New Delhi–1100XX

4. Subject. It is a must in official letters. It must be as brief as possible, maximum three or four words. It must be the pivot on the body of the letter.

5. Salutation. It is the complimentary little greetings to the person to whom the letter is addressed. It is a formal way of beginning a letter. The form of greeting or salutation depends on the relation and degree of intimacy between the writer and the addressee in personal letters. But in official letters ‘Dear Sir’ or ‘Dear Madam’is used mostly.

Note. If the person, who will read the letter, is known to you, you can address him by name: as
Dear Mr. Gupta
The appropriate title, Mr, Mrs, or Miss, is to be placed before the name.

Letter To Complaint Class 10

Forms of Salutation

6. Body of the Letter. This is the main part of the letter. It consists of three parts: an introduction which gives the reason for the letter, the message which includes the main information and a conclusion, which is always expressed politely or gives suggestions about the problems expressed. It should be well arranged and divided suitably into separate paragraphs unless it is very short. Be brief, courteous and to the point. It should be clear and brief because an official/a businessman has no time to attend to unnecessary details.

7. The Subscription (or the complimentary close). The most common form in business letters is ‘Yours faithfully’. If you have used a personal name in the salutation, the subscription should be ‘Yours sincerely’. In case of personal letters, the most common form is ‘Yours affectionately.’

8. Signature. The formal letters require your full signature. Below the signature, the name of the person and the position are mentioned. In personal letters write the name by which you are known among your relatives and friends. Note. Do not use any punctuation mark after the signature.

9. Outside Address. This is written on the envelope or the postcard. It should be written neatly, legibly and spaced carefully. If you write the pin code, you can be sure of your letter reaching the addressee without delay.

Letter Of Complaint Class 10 Questions And Answers

Format of Formal Letters

………………………………. Sender’s ………………………………. address ………………………………. ………………………………. Date ………………………………. Receiver’s address ………………………………. ………………………………. Salutation ………………………………. Subject ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Body ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. of ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. the ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. letter ………………………………. Complimentary close ………………………………. Signature ………………………………. (Name in capitals)

Complaint Letter Format Class 10

Letter of Complaint Class 10 CBSE

Letters of complaint are written when you have a problem with a product or a thing. The tone of this letter has to be very polite. Take care of the following things while writing these letters.

• Describe what is wrong with the product or describe the issues/problems. Give the date of purchase and place of purchase, if applicable.
• Explain how you would like to resolve the problem.
• Explain that you look forward to receiving a reply with a resolution. Set a date or time limit in which to receive the reply. Give a phone number where you can be reached.

Format:

Address Given Or Examination Hall Date The Manager Name of Company/Agency Address Dear Sir/Madam Subject: ……………………………….. Body of letterPara I – Purchased When? Where? What? Model/Brand Bill No. Para II – Technical complaints (at least 3 points) Para III – Since the ………………………………. (item) is under warranty, so kindly replace it within ………………………………. days. Failing which, I/we will be forced to move to the consumer court. Yours faithfully (Name)

Letter of Complaint Writing Topics Solved Examples for Class 10 CBSE

Complaint Letter Questions Question 1.
The unsanitary conditions in your colony are causing multiple diseases. Write a letter to the Municipal Commissioner bringing the problem to his notice and request him to take urgent action in the matter. You are Deepak/Deepa of C 2/8, Ankur Enclave, New Delhi.
Answer:
C 2/8, Ankur Enclave
New Delhi
20 August 20XX
The Municipal Commissioner
Shahdara
Delhi 1100XX
Dear Sir

Subject: Insanitary conditions in the colony

I have been a resident of Ankur Enclave for the past eleven years. I would like to bring to your notice the insanitary conditions in our colony. Rubbish and garbage lie in heaps. Lack of drainage system raises a persistent foul smell in the area.

During rainy season water stagnates in pits on the street which makes the whole condition even worse. These become the breeding ground for mosquitoes, which expose the residents to multiple diseases like dengue, malaria, etc. Our colony has become an unhealthy and disease–prone area. Every day, someone or the other is succumbing to deadly diseases. Some of the families have also shifted lock, stock, and barrel to better localities.

You are requested to take an immediate remedial action to set things right.

Thanking you
Yours faithfully
Deepa

Letter Of Complaint Format Class 10 Question 2.
You are Rajesh/Rajni Roy of 105 C, Chatterjee Lane, Kolkata. You have received a letter from your brother who is staying in the hostel of Shakti Mandir Public School, Darjeeling, stating that he is being bullied by some senior students who threatened him with dire consequences, if he complained. Write a letter to the Hostel Warden requesting him to take urgent action.
Answer:
105 C, Chatterjee Lane
Kolkata
West Bengal
27 June 20XX
Hostel Warden
Shakti Mandir Public School
Darjeeling
West Bengal
Dear Sir/Madam

Subject: Bullying of a class X student

With due respect, I bring to your notice that my brother, Ashutosh Roy, of class XD, has been staying in dormitory No. 20 for the last 6 months. He has been facing a lot of bullying because of being a ‘new bee’ in the hostel. As a result, he is going through a lot of stress. He passes sleepless nights and sometimes even takes sleeping tablets. I regret to say that he no longer wants to study in your prestigious institution. He has even been threatened of serious consequences by these bullies if he complains.

I am concerned about my brother’s life. I request you to take immediate remedial action before the things get out of hand and force me to withdraw my brother which might bring a bad name to your school.

Yours faithfully
Rajesh Roy

Letter Of Complaint Topics Question 3.
You are Shubham/Subhi Tyagi of 1, Ashok Road, Lucknow. You are deeply concerned about the increasing number of road accidents in your area. You strongly feel that reckless driving by the youngsters is the primary cause of such accidents. Write a letter to the Traffic Police Commissioner requesting him to take prompt and appropriate action. Give concrete suggestions to deal with the problem.
Answer:
1, Ashok Road
Lucknow
11 July 20XX
Traffic Police Commissioner
Lucknow

Dear Sir/Madam
Subject: Increase in the number of road accidents
I would like to draw your attention to the increase in the number of road accidents in our locality.. Reckless and drunken driving by youngsters is the primary cause of such accidents. They are not scared of putting their lives at risk. They ignore the traffic rules because they know that their parents would help them get away with the law. Many of the drivers continue talking on their mobiles throwing caution to the winds, which certainly causes distraction and leads to fatal accidents sometimes.

Another cause of these accidents is rash driving by the truck drivers at night. The truck drivers are mostly dead drunk and do not care a bit about the traffic rules.

I will be grateful if you kindly look into the matter and take stern remedial action.

Yours faithfully
Shubhum Tyagi

Complaint Letter For Class 10 Question 4.
You are Raghav/Renu Sharma, President, RWA, C Block, Janak Puri, New Delhi. The main park in your locality which was once a model park lies in a state of utter neglect. It has become a favourite spot for anti–social elements and a permanent resting place for stray animals. Write a letter to the Municipal Commissioner requesting him to instruct the horticulture department to take prompt action and restore the park to its original condition.
Answer:
RWA, C Block, Janak Puri
New Delhi 1100XX
17 August 20XX
The Municipal Commissioner
New Delhi 1100XX

Dear Sir/Madam
Subject: Poor condition of the central park in C Block, Janak Puri
Through this letter I would like to draw your attention to the miserable condition of the central park in C Block area. Once, a model park, it now lies in a state of utter neglect. It has become a favourite spot for anti–social elements and a permanent resting place for stray animals. There is no greenery left in the park. People use this park to gamble and take drugs. There is no place left for children to play and old people to take a walk. The Residents’ Welfare Association (RWA) has left no stone unturned to do their bit in improving the condition of the park but all in vain.

These activities are causing a lot of problems to the residents and spoiling the atmosphere of the locality. I request you to take immediate remedial action to restore the beauty of the park.

Yours faithfully
Renu Sharma

Letter For Complaint Class 10 Question 5.
You are the Physical Education Instructor at St. Jesus and Mary School, Agra. You had placed an order for sports goods with Student Sports Enterprises. When the items arrived you found that some of them were defective. Write a letter to the Manager, Student Sports Enterprises, asking him to replace the defective items.
Answer:
Physical Education Dept.
St. Jesus and Mary School
Agra XXXXXX
01 March 20XX
The Manager
Student Sports Enterprises
Sadar Bazar,
Agra XXXXXX

Dear Sir
Subject: Replacement of damaged goods
Please refer to our order number 965/94/XX dated 19 December 20XX for some sports goods. The above consignment was delivered to us on 15 February 20XX. I regret to inform you that some of the items have been found defective and are not as per specification. It seems that this particular consignment has not undergone any inspection as not a single sports equipment is in good condition. You are, therefore, requested to replace the defective items immediately. Please do ensure the quality of the items as also the specifications this time. An early response will be highly appreciated.

Yours faithfully
XYZ

Format Of Letter Of Complaint Class 10 Question 6.
You had bought a mobile phone from a reputable showroom in Mumbai but after a month it developed a serious fault. Write a complaint letter to the manager asking for immediate repair or replacement of the same. You are Sadiq/Razia, 123, TT Nagar, Bhopal.
Answer:
123, T.T. Nagar
Bhopal
30 September 20XX
The Manager
Shiv Ram & Sons
Mumbai

Dear Sir
Subject: Complaint against a defective mobile phone
I bought an LG Nexus 5 from your show–room vide receipt number 123 dated 15 September 20XX. The phone has a warranty of three years vide Guarantee Card number 123 valid upto 30th August 2021. I regret to inform you that the phone has developed a technical snag and stopped working. In fact, just a few days after its purchase, it had started giving me trouble off and on but I related it to the connectivity issue or some minor fault that I thought would settle with time. Since it is still in warranty period, you are requested to replace it immediately. Needless to say that mobile phones are not a luxury but a necessity these days. An early and appropriate action will be highly appreciated.

Yours faithfully
Razia

Letter Of Complaint Business Class 10 Question 7.
You live in a crowded area in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh. Unauthorized parking of vehicles in your area is causing a lot of inconvenience to the locals. Write a letter to the police commissioner district complaining against this practice. You are Akash/Akansha of Kavi Nagar, Ghaziabad.
Answer:
24, Kavi Nagar
Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 XXX
25 January 20XX
The Police Commissioner
Ghaziabad 201XXX

Dear Sir
Subject: Unauthorised parking in Kavi Nagar
I would like to draw your kind attention towards the problem of unauthorised parking of vehicles in Kavi Nagar area. The locals have lodged various complaints to the local police station but all in vain. This is one of the most crowded market place of the area where a proper parking place is required. The unauthorised parking causes a lot of inconvenience to the residents. Narrow streets are blocked causing accidents and frequent road rages. Not a day passes when there are no physical fights, use of abusive language or occurrence of untoward incidents. The cars could be towed away from the unauthorised lot and heavily fined. A stern action on your part would truly be appreciated. You are, therefore, requested to direct the local police to monitor the parking in the area and do the needful.

Yours faithfully
Akash

Letter Of Complaint Class 10 Format Question 8.
Write a letter to the Municipal Chairman of New Town, North East District, about the dilapidated condition of a public monument, requesting him to take urgent steps for the preservation of this valuable heritage. You are Anuj/Anju, 40, Civil Lines, New Town.
Answer:
40, Civil Lines
New Town
Delhi 1100XX
11 December 20XX
The Municipal Chairman
New Town
North East District
Delhi 1100XX

Dear Sir
Subject: Preservation of public monuments
I would like to draw your attention to the deteriorating state of historical monuments in the city. Despite several complaints; no action has been taken till date. Most of the monuments are in a pitiable state. There is no proper maintenance of these monuments. These have not been cleaned properly for years and there are heaps of garbage lying here and there. People spit on the walls and relieve themselves unchecked. Graffiti is seen everywhere bringing to light the scant regard people have for the historical monuments of their country.

These monuments are part and parcel of our cultural heritage and need to be preserved and taken care of. Proper maintenance of these monuments should be our prime concern. I hope speedy remedial action will be taken to preserve these monuments.

Yours faithfully
Anuj

Complaint Letter Topics Question 9.
You are Ravi/Rama of 52, Shah Road, Agra. You had bought a textbook ‘First Flight for Class X from a neighbourhood bookstore. After browsing through the book, you realized that a few pa were missing and the print overlapping on a few pages. Write a complaint letter to the Manager, Prakash Books, Sadar Bazar, Agra requesting him for a replacement or refund.
Answer:
52, Shah Road
Agra 20XXXX
10 September 20XX
The Manager
Prakash Books
Sadar Bazar
Agra 20XXXX

Dear Sir
Subject: Replacement of defective book
I bought the book ‘First Flight’ for class 10 from your shop vide cash memo number. 123 dated 5 September 2018. After browsing through the book, I found that a few pages are missing and the print is overlapping. The book is also not properly bound. My unit tests are scheduled to begin next week and English is my first paper. As I mentioned earlier, the overlapping of print is in the first few chapters and the few last chapters. I need to prepare for the forthcoming tests.

I therefore, request you to replace the book at the earliest. The copy of cash memo is enclosed herewith for your reference. It would be deeply appreciated if such blunders are avoided in future for your reputable shop to continue enjoying the reputation that it has earned in the previous years.

Yours faithfully
Ravi

Class 10 Complaint Letter Question 10.
You are Raman/Reena of 240, Shahid Nagar, Agra. Write a letter to M/s Raju Sales Corporation complaining about the poor performance of the washing machine purchased from their showroom, mentioning clearly the specific problem you are facing and the action you want. Give all the relevant details.
Answer:
240, Shahid Nagar
Agra
25 January 20XX
The Manager
M/s Raju Sales Corporation
Agra
Writing 71

Dear Sir
Subject: Complaint about defective washing machine
I bought an LG washing machine from you Shahid Nagar Branch on 1 January 20XX vide cash memo number 123. It has a warranty of two years. I regret to inform you that it has developed a technical snag in the first month itself. Its water dispenser is not working properly. The dryer and water outlet are choked and sometimes it gives electric shock too. It’s a matter of grave concern that a brand new machine should develop so many defects in the first month of its purchase.

It is not only disappointing but shocking too as the electric shocks could put the user’s life at risk. Since it is still under warranty, you are, therefore, requested to replace it at the earliest. I sincerely hope that such cases are few and far between and do not get repeated.

Yours faithfully
Raman

Complaint Letter Questions For Class 10 Question 11.
You are Deep/Deepa, Librarian of Happy Public School, Shamli. You had placed an order for a few books for your school library. When the books were delivered, you found some were damaged and some were missing. Write a letter to the Sales Manager of Student Publishers Limited, Delhi asking for their immediate replacement.
Answer:
Happy Public School
Shamli
20 January 20XX
The Sales Manager
Student Publishers Limited
Delhi

Dear Sir
Subject: Replacement of missing and damaged books
This is with reference to our order no 967084/3421/16. The parcel was delivered on 18 January 20XX. It pains me to write that the condition of some of the books was deplorable. Knowing the track record and the amicable relationship that we have shared over the past few years, this condition of the books came as a big disappointment. Some books, we received, were found damaged and some were missing. The following is the list of books for which we require immediate replacement.

Book	Author	Type of damage
1. Fault in Our Stars	John Green	wet
2. Paper Town	John Green	wet

The following is the list of the missing books.

Book	Author
1. Top Letter 2.  Pride and Pyramid 3.  Latest General Knowledge	SK Taneja Tane Ashish KK Ghai

You are requested to provide the above books without any delay.

Yours faithfully
Deep Librarian

Letter Of Complaint Official Class 10 Question 12.
You are Reena/Raju of 85, Ramesh Nagar, New Delhi. Write a letter to the General Manager, DTC, complaining about inadequate bus service in your area and urging him to take urgent steps in this matter.
Answer:
85, Ramesh Nagar
New Delhi
14 April 20XX
The General Manager
DTC
New Delhi

Dear Sir
Subject: Inadequate bus services in Raj Nagar area
I would like to draw your attention to the irregular bus service in our area. The buses never come on time and commuters experience a lot of inconvenience while waiting at the bus stop for hours. The matter gets compounded when the drivers and conductors do not stop the bus at the bus stop or speed away before one gets in or out of it. Many a time it leads to serious injuries to commuters. Sometimes we see a number of buses plying on the same route while as others there are no buses for hours.

I, therefore request you to look into matter and take urgent remedial action. More buses should be put on the road. The useless ones should be taken off to ensure speedy and regular trouble–free traffic.

Thanking you

Yours faithfully
Raju

This grammar section explains English Grammar in a clear and simple way. There are example sentences to show how the language is used. NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English will help you to write better answers in your Class 10 exams. Because the Solutions are solved by subject matter experts. https://ncertmcq.com/jumbled-sentences-for-class-10/

Jumbled Sentences Exercise With Answers for Class 10 Pdf

Sentence Reordering Exercises for Class 10 CBSE With Answers

Rearrange the following words/phrases to form meaningful sentences. Do any four.

Jumbled Sentences Question 1.
(i) work and play / things / different / parents see / as two
(ii) is a / of time / they / waste / think / that playing
(ii) important/games / studies / are as / as
(iv) a student / to both / proper / should / attention / pay
(v) can./ life / only / succeed / he / in / then
Answer:
(i) Parents see work and play as two different things.
(ii) They think that playing is a waste of time.
(iii) Games are as important as studies.
(iv) A student should pay proper attention to both.
(v) Only then can he succeed in life.

Rearrange the words/phrases given below to form meaningful sentences.

Rearrange The Sentence Question 2.
(a) beautiful / Masha / dog / is a /young.
(b) praised / she / be / to / likes.
(c) policemen / group / works / of /with a / she
Answer:
(a) Masha is a beautiful young dog.
(b) She likes to be praised.
(C) She works with a group of policemen.

Arrange the following into meaningful sentences.

Rearrange The Sentences Question 3.
(a) never/himself/large/solutions/economic/with/Gandhiji/political/or/contented
(b) backwardness/wanted/immediately/cultural/Gandhiji/and/social/seeing/the/do/something/to
(c) doctor/for/got/to/his/months/services/Gandhiji/a/volunteer/six
Answer:
(a) Gandhiji never contented himself with large political or econom
(b) Gandhiji immediately wanted to do something seeing the social and cultural backwardness.
(c) Gandhiji got a doctor to volunteer his services for six months.

Rearrange Sentences Question 4.
(a) you /want/get/this/done/work/9 a.m./if/2 p.m./had/come/better/between/you/and
(b) even/if/better/decide/come/you/along/is/it/to
(c) look/as if/not sleep/you/all night/did/you
Answer:
(a) If you want this work done you should better come between 9 a.m. to 2 p.m.
(b) It is even better if you decide to come along.
(c) You look as if you did not sleep all night.

Jumbled Sentences For Class 10 Question 5.
(a) do not/please/the roads/litter
(b) the sun/not play/outside/is shining/too/brightly/so better
(c) no/difference/makes/it/you/if/someone else/asked/to do it
Answer:
(a) Please do not litter the roads.
(b) The sun is shining too brightly so better not play outside.
(c) It makes no difference if someone else asked you to do it.

Jumbled Sentences With Answers Question 6.
(a) no laughing matter/it is/you/pushed/younger brother/your/into/a/of water/puddle/that
(b) what may/you/come/finish/homework/your/the party/before/will
(c) know/better/than/you/disrespect/to/elders/your
Answer:
(a) It is no laughing matter that you pushed your younger brother into a puddle of water.
(b) Come what may, you will finish your homework before the party.
(c) You know better than to disrespect your elders.

Rearrange Sentences For Class 10 With Answers Question 7.
(a) rains/before/it/must/up/pick/the clothes/from the/clothesline/you
(b) you/must/always/be/so/formal?
(c) natural/to/scared/be/of/thunderstorm/it/is
Answer:
(a) You must pick up the clothes from the clothesline before it rains.
(b) Must you always be so formal?
(c) It is natural to be scared of thunderstorm.

Jumbled Sentences Exercise With Answers For Class 10 Pdf Question 8.
Arrange the following into meaningful dialogues.
(a) Aman : by/time/what/is/your watch/the
Ayaan: is/ten minutes/three /to/it
Aman: must hurry/or else/I/miss my train/I’ll
Answer:
Aman: What is the time by your watch?
Ayaan: It is ten minutes to three.
Aman: I must hurry or else I’ll miss my train.

(b) Neha : dinner/what/is/for/today?
Sneha : made/sandwiches/cucumber/I/have
Neha : hungry/eat/now/I am/can/1?
Answer:
Neha: What is for dinner today?
Sneha: I have made cucumber sandwiches.
Neha: I am hungry, can I eat now?

(c) Mother: seen the/coat/condition/of/have/you/your?
Son: tripped/stone/on a/fell/I/on/water/muddy/and/a/puddle/of
Mother: wash/will/to/laundry/we/give it/to/to/have
Answer:
Mother: Have you seen the condition of your coat?
Son: I tripped on a stone and fell on a puddle of muddy water.
Mother: We will have to give it to laundry to wash.

Rearrange the following words into meaningful sentences.

Jumbled Sentences Exercise Question 9.
(a) hers/princess/the/took/father’s/her/in/hand/youngest
(b) Cried/amazement/looked/her/king/the/and/at/in
(c) begged/head/and/shook/princess/her/the/again
Answer:
(a) The youngest princess took her father’s hand in hers.
(b) The king looked at her in amazement and cried.
(c) The princess shook her head and begged again.

Rearrange Sentence Question 10.
(a) Panipat/a/pause/brief/had/at/train/the
(b) faces/train/muffled/boarded/men/the/five/with
(c) dresses/thought/Nobody/a/gave/their/to/strange
Answer:
(a) The train had a brief pause at Panipat.
(b) Five men with muffled faces boarded the train.
(c) Nobody gave a thought to their strange dresses.

Rearrange The Sentences In Correct Order With Answers Question 11.
(a) nation/are/precious/property/of/children/every/most/the
(b) appreciation/day/deserves/theme/children’s
(C) our/they/makers/policy/future/are
Answer:
(a) Children are the most precious property of every nation.
(b) Children’s Day theme deserves appreciation.
(c) They are our future policy makers.

Sentence Reordering Class 10 Question 12.
(a) trying/by/ever/fail/few
(b) shirk from/trying/do not
(c) yourself/avoid/and/all/negative thoughts/believe/in
Answer:
(a) Few ever fail by trying.
(b) Do not shirk from trying.
(c) Believe in yourself and avoid all negative thoughts.

Jumbled Sentences Exercises Question 13.
(a) pleased/God/brings/prosperity/rain/when
(b) over pleased/he/when/havoc/but/causes
(c) blessings/one/rain/nature/of/wonders/is/the/and/of
Answer:
(a) Rain God brings prosperity when pleased.
(b) But he causes havoc when overpleased.
(c) Rain is one of the wonders and blessings of nature

Rearrange The Sentences For Class 10 Question 14.
(a) and/lovely/I/a/of/house/have/infront/garden/my/small
(b) marigold/roses/of/many/has/like/flowers/jasmines/varieties/it/and
(c) the/plant/the/of/Tulsi/garden/middle/in/is/there/the
Answer:
(a) I have a small and lovely garden in front of my house.
(b) It has many varieties of flowers like roses, jasmine and marigold.
(c) There is the Tulsi plant in the middle of the garden.

Rearrange Sentences Exercises With Answers Question 15.
(a) for/my/me/my/birthday/puppy/parents/cute/gifted/little/a
(b) the/he/I/him/time/Tommy/tail/all/because/his/wags/call
(c) and/I/him/the/I/him/from/when/return/take/garden/play/to/with.
Answer:
(a) My parents gifted me a cute little puppy for my birthday.
(b) I call him Tommy because he wags his tail all the time.
(c) And when I return from the garden, I take him to play with him.

Rearrange Sentences With Answers Question 16.
(a) the/and/cup/seeds/my/them/garden/collect/I/from/plant/in
(b) birthdays/them/their/gift/friends/to/I/my/on
(c) my/plants/sad/I/if/harms/feel/someone/or/breaks
Answer:
(a) I collect seeds from the cup and plant them in my garden.
(b) I gift them to my friends on their birthdays.
(c) I feel sad if someone breaks or harms my plants.’

Question 17.
(a) told/to/my/had/mother/bicycle/me/out/my/not/go/on
(b) her/when/the/disturbed/sleeping/I/was/afternoon/she/in
(c) the/suddenly/I/ground/fell/and/on/slipped
Answer:
(a) My mother had told me not to go out on my bicycle.
(b) I disturbed her in the afternoon when she was sleeping.
(c) Suddenly I slipped and fell on the ground.

Question 18.
(a) alike/a/that/cricket/old/attracts/is/game/young/and
(b) the/of/since/ball/have/my/days/had/great/for/fascination/I/childhood
(c) cricket/I/the/of/friends/play/in/company/always/my
Answer:
(a) Cricket is a game that attracts young and old alike.
(b) I have had great fascination for ball since the days of my childhood.
(c) I always play cricket in the company of my friends.

Question 19.
(a) brand/I/be/owner/was/to/cycle/proud/the/of/new
(b) it/to/how/but/didn’t/I/ride/know
(c) it/how/brother/to/would/my/me/told/that/teach/he/me/ride
Answer:
(a) I was proud to be the owner of brand new cycle.
(b) I didn’t know how to ride it.
(c) My brother told me that he would teach me how to ride it.

Question 20.
(a) world/my/I/the/journey/started/save/ago/to/years/five
(b) I/be/always/to/environmentalist/wanted/an
(c) Steve Irwin/by/I/inspired/was
Answer:
(a) I started my journey to save the world five years ago.
(b) I always wanted to be an environmentalist.
(c) I was inspired by Steve Irwin.

Question 21.
(a) playgrounds/physical/in/campus/education/is/and/imparted
(b) games/student/is/by/it/method/which/through/a/activities/a/goes/and/physical
(c) direction/in/about/the/behaviour/it/a/brings/change/in/desired/the
Answer:
(a) Physical education is imparted in playgrounds and campus.
(b) It is a method by which a student goes through games and physical activities.
(c) It brings about a change in the behaviour in the desired direction.

Question 22.
(a) Ram/invite/to/did/his/not/friends/his/party/birthday
(b) did/when/club/you/join/this?
(c) the/inaugurated/principal/the/exhibition/science/last/week
Answer:
(a) Ram did not invite his friends to his birthday party.
(b) When did you join this club?
(c) The Principal inaugurated the science exhibition last week.

Question 23.
(a) asked/Ram/join/me/would/when/I/their/party
(b) you/want/if/to/marks/should/get/you/good/read/Together with English
(c) nobody/lives/knows/now/where/he
Answer:
(a) Ram asked me when I would join their party
(b) If you want to get good marks you should read ‘Together with English’.
(c) Nobody knows where he lives.

Question 24.
(a) as/work/a/to/student/hard/you/to/must/be/successful
(b) who/my/can/in/beat/work/me?
(c) always/helps/others/she/in need
Answer:
(a) As a student, you must work hard to be successful.
(b) Who can beat me in my work?
(c) She always helps others in need.

Question 25.
(a) Ram/he/aware/asked/was/of/Mohan/his/if/result
(b) she/in/is/a/going/quiz/to/competition/participate
(c) any/to/am/I/ready/face/challenge
Answer:
(a) Ram asked Mohan if he was aware of his result.
(b) She is going to participate in a quiz competition.
(c) I am ready to face any challenge.

In the passages given below, one word has been omitted in each line. Write the word in your answer sheet along with the word that comes before and the word that comes after it, against each line number.

In the following passage, one word has been omitted in each line. Write the missing word along with the word that comes before and the word that comes after it in your answer sheet against the blanks given. The word that forms your answer should be underlined. The first one has been done for you.

Omission Exercises for Class 10 CBSE With Answers PDF

This grammar section explains English Grammar in a clear and simple way. There are example sentences to show how the language is used. NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English will help you to write better answers in your Class 10 exams. Because the Solutions are solved by subject matter experts. https://ncertmcq.com/omission-exercises-for-class-10/

Omission Solved Exercises With Answers for Class 10 CBSE

Omission Exercises For Class 10 Question 1.
In the passage given below, one word has been omitted in each line. Write the missing word along with the word that comes before and the word that comes after it in your answer sheets. Ensure that the word that forms your answer is underlined.

The idea of a police system to protect a city originated in London.	(a)	…………………………
In 1737, a law passed creating a police system of 68 men.	(b)	…………………………
But as the city grew, looting and rioting were soon out control	(c)	…………………………
in London. In 1829, Sir Robert Peel formed London Metropolitan	(d)	…………………………
Police, with headquarters Scotland Yard. This new force was larger	(e)	…………………………
and better trained any other police force.	(f)	…………………………

Omission Exercises For Class 10 With Answers Question 2.

		Before	Word	After
Savita, young girl in a	(a)	……………………..	……………………..	……………………..
dark pink dress, sits an	(b)	……………………..	……………………..	……………………..
elderly woman, soldering pieces glass.	(c)	……………………..	……………………..	……………………..
As hands move mechanically like	(d)	……………………..	……………………..	……………………..
the tongs of machine, I wonder if	(e)	……………………..	……………………..	……………………..
she the sanctity of the bangles.	(f)	……………………..	……………………..	……………………..

Answer:
Before – Word – After
(a) Savita – a – young
(b) sits – alongside – an
(c) pieces – of – glass
(d) As – her – hands
(e) of – a – machine
(f) she – knows – the

Omission Class 10 Question 3.

		Before	Word	After
I badly wanted learn swimming,	(a)	……………………..	……………………..	……………………..
so I hired a trainer who train me	(b)	……………………..	……………………..	……………………..
for a month. After training was complete	(c)	……………………..	……………………..	……………………..
I tried to swim alone, without	(d)	……………………..	……………………..	……………………..
anyone navigating me. I jumped the	(e)	……………………..	……………………..	……………………..
pool which was three feet deep one end and eleven at the other.	(f)	……………………..	……………………..	……………………..

Answer:
Word – After – Word
(a) wanted – to – learn
(b) who – would – train
(c) After – my – training
(d) swim – all – alone
(e) jumped – into – the
(f) deep – at – one

Omission Exercises Question 4.

		Before	Word	After
One night Rahim lost way as he	(a)	……………………..	……………………..	……………………..
was trudging along road. He caught	(b)	……………………..	……………………..	……………………..
sight of a little gray cottage by roadside.	(c)	……………………..	……………………..	……………………..
He knocked the door to ask	(d)	……………………..	……………………..	……………………..
for shelter for night. He was given	(e)	……………………..	……………………..	……………………..
a warm welcome an old man without wife or child.	(f)	……………………..	……………………..	……………………..

Answer:
Before – Word – After
(a) lost – his – way
(b) along – the – road
(c) by – the – roadside
(d) knocked – at – the
(e) for – the – night
(f) welcome – by – an

Omission Exercises For Class 10 Pdf Question 5.

		Before	Word	After
On the twenty–fifth birthday Garima	(a)	……………………..	……………………..	……………………..
I gifted her expensive mobile.	(b)	……………………..	……………………..	……………………..
The young girl opened up packet.	(c)	……………………..	……………………..	……………………..
which beautifully wrapped by me.	(d)	……………………..	……………………..	……………………..
She opened up immediately and	(e)	……………………..	……………………..	……………………..
on seeing gift of her choice she gave a little cry of joy.	(f)	……………………..	……………………..	……………………..

Answer:
Before – Word – After
(a) birthday – of – Garima
(b) her – an – expensive
(e) up – the – packet
(d) which – was – beautifully
(e) opened – it – up
(f) seeing – the – gift

Omission For Class 10 Question 6.

		Before	Word	After
Saima, active social worker	(a)	……………………..	……………………..	……………………..
happened visit the slum of Seelampur.	(b)	……………………..	……………………..	……………………..
There she a lady. She noticed	(c)	……………………..	……………………..	……………………..
the state of women’s clothes.	(d)	……………………..	……………………..	……………………..
One women took into her hut	(e)	……………………..	……………………..	……………………..
and said, “Look, there no box or cupboard here for clothes.”	(f)	……………………..	……………………..	……………………..

Answer:
Before – Word – After
(a) Saima – an – active
(b) happened – to – visit
(c) she – met – a
(d) the – filthy – state
(e) took – her – into
(f) there – is – no

Omission Exercises For Class 10 Pdf With Answers Question 7.
In the passage given below, one word has been omitted in each line. Write the missing word along with the word that comes before and the word that comes after it in your answer sheets. Ensure that the word that forms your answer is underlined. (1/2 x 6 = 3 marks)

In India, then 5,000 brides die annually because	(a)	…………………….
their dowries considered insufficient, according to	(b)	…………………….
the UNICEF. Rights advocates say, ‘Dowry deaths so-called	(c)	…………………….
crimes of passion share a similar dynamic. In former,	(d)	…………………….
the women are killed male family members but the crimes	(e)	…………………….
are are not taken as seriously as the ought to be	(f)	…………………….

 

Transformation of sentences means to change the form of a sentence without changing its meaning. A simple sentence can be changed into a complex or a compound sentence and vice versa. Similarly, an interchange of affirmative, negative, and interrogative sentences can be done; without changing their meaning. Given below are some of the ways to transform a sentence.

This grammar section explains English Grammar in a clear and simple way. There are example sentences to show how the language is used. NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English will help you to write better answers in your Class 10 exams. Because the Solutions are solved by subject matter experts. https://ncertmcq.com/sentence-transformation-class-10/

Sentence Transformation Exercises for Class 10 CBSE With Answers PDF

Transformation Of Sentences Exercise

Transformation is a process of changing the form of a sentence without changing its basic meaning. It enables a person to express the same thing in a different way without affecting the meaning.

For example:

1. Hurry up.
   Will you please hurry up? Hurry up, will you?
   You are requested to hurry up.
2. Please open the window.
   Will you please open the window?
   Would you mind opening the window?
3. My brother is very wise.
   My brother is not a fool.
4. Roshan is too weak to walk.
   Roshan is so weak that he cannot walk.

In these sentences, different forms of the same sentence have been given. Notice that though their form is different their meaning is the same.

Sentence Transformation Class 10

Rules of Transformation
A. Transformation of “subject + verb + too + Adjective/adverb + infinitive” to “principal clause (with so/such) + that + adverb clause”.

1. The man is too poor to pay his bills. (Simple sentence)
   The man is so poor that he cannot pay his bills. (Complex sentence)
2. Shyam is too honest to cheat. (simple)
   Shyam is so honest that he cannot cheat. (Complex sentence)
   • too is replaced by so/such
   • Infinitive is changed into ‘that + Negative adverb clause of result
3. Shyam is too honest to cheat.
4. So that + he cannot
5. Shyam is so honest that he cannot cheat.

Sentence Transformation Exercises Solved Question for Class 10 CBSE

Transformation Of Sentences Class 10

Exercise 1:

Rewrite the following sentences by removing the adverb ‘too’.
1. Shweta is too weak in studies to pass.
2. My sister is too good to harm anyone.
3. My boss is too busy to pick up the phone.
4. The patient is too weak to go upstairs.
5. This house is too expensive for me to buy.
6. Anil is too lazy to get up early in the morning
7. Rakesh is too slow to win the race.
8. Anika is too short to touch the painting.
Answer:
1. Shweta is so weak in studies that she cannot pass.
2. My sister is so good that she cannot harm anyone.
3. My boss is so busy that he cannot pick up the phone.
4. The patient is so weak that he cannot go upstairs.
5. This house is so expensive that I cannot buy it.
6. Anil is so lazy that he cannot get up early in the morning.
7. Rakesh is so slow that he cannot win the race.
8. Anika is so short that she cannot touch the painting.

Transformation Of Sentences With Answers

Exercise 2:

Rewrite the following sentences using the adverb ‘too’.
1. The man was so tired that he could not climb the hill.
2. Hari is so simple that he cannot tell a lie.
3. This question is so difficult that the children cannot solve it.
4. My mother is so simple that she cannot look after our business.
5. The gardener was so old that he could not climb the tree.
6. The new teacher is so lenient that she cannot control the class.
7. The river was so deep that the child cannot cross it.
8. The chair was so heavy that the painter couldn’t lift it.
Answer:
1. The man was too tired to climb the hill.
2. Hari is too simple to tell a lie.
3. This question is too difficult for the children to solve.
4. My mother is too simple to look after our business.
5. The gardener was too old to climb the tree.
6. The new teacher is too lenient to control the class.
7. The river was too deep for the child to cross it.
8. The chair was too heavy for the painter to lift it.

Transformation Of Sentences Exercises For Class 10

B. Transformation of “subject + verb + Adjective/Adverb + enough + infinitive” to “principal clause (with so + that + adverb clause)”.

• He is tall enough to touch the fan.

So that he can
He is so tall that he can touch the fan.

• ‘Enough’ is replaced by so.
• Infinitive is changed into that + positive adverbial clause of result.

Transformation Of Sentences Exercise With Answers Pdf

Exercise 3:

Rewrite the following sentences by removing enough’.
1. Raju is old enough to go to market.
2. This table is strong enough to hold 100 kg. weight.
3. My brother is intelligent enough to impress the boss.
4. Sohan is smart enough to impress the boss.
5. Rathika is foolish enough to believe the strangers.
6. Kalpana is tall enough to clean the ceiling fan.
7. Meenu is fast enough to catch the train.
8. Anamika is rude enough to insult her seniors.
Answer:
1. Raju is so old that he can go to market.
2. This table is so strong that it can hold 100 kg weight.
3. My brother is so intelligent that he can impress the boss.
4. Sohan is so smart that he can impress the boss.
5. Rathika is so foolish that she can believe the strangers.
6. Kalpana is so tall that she can clean the ceiling fan.
7. Meenu is so fast that she can catch the train.
8. Anamika is so rude that she can insult her senior.

Transformation Of Sentences Exercises With Answers For Class 10

C. Transformation of Degree

(i) Transformation from positive to comparative degree

1. Soni is as beautiful as Moni.
   Moni is not more beautiful than Soni.
2. Ram is as strong as his brother.
   Ram’s brother is not stronger than him.
   • Adjective/adverb is put into the comparative form along with ‘than’.
   • The Affirmative sentence is made negative and negative affirmative.

Similar rules are followed while transforming a comparative degree into a positive degree, i.e. adjective is changed into a positive degree and the affirmative sentence is made negative and vise–versa.

Transformation Of Sentences CBSE Class 10

Exercise 4.

Rewrite the following sentences after changing the degree of comparison from positive to comparative.
1. Radha is as smart as Krishna.
2. My school is as famous as yours.
3. Mohan is as strong as Sohan.
4. My brother is as brilliant as my sister.
5. Mr. Sharma is as strict as Mr. Desai.
6. Kamla’s hair is as long as that of Shanta.
7. This book is as interesting as that one.
8. Your car is as expensive as mine.
Answer:
1. Krishna is not smarter than Radha.
2. Your school is not more famous than mine.
3. Sohan is not stronger than Mohan.
4. My sister is not more brilliant than my brother.
5. Mr. Sharma is not less strict than Mr. Desai.
6. Shanta’s hair is not longer than Kamla’s.
7. This book is not less interesting than that.
8. Your car is not less expensive than mine.

Transformation Of Sentences Examples With Answers

Exercise 5.

Rewrite the following sentences after changing the degree of comparison from comparative to positive.
1. Mansi is brighter than her sister.
2. The Taj Mahal is more beautiful than any other building of the country.
3. The children are more playful than their parents.
4. Ajay is more handsome than his brother.
5. Mamta is more intelligent than Sunita.
6. Gold is more precious than any other metal.
7. Shakespeare is greater than any other dramatist.
8. I love you more than anybody else.
Answer:
1. Mansi’s sister is not as bright as Mansi.
2. No other building of the country is as beautiful as The Taj Mahal.
3. The parents are not as playful as their children.
4. Ajay’s brother is not as handsome as Ajay.
5. Sunita is not as intelligent as Mamta.
6. No other metal is as precious as gold.
7. No other dramatist is as great as Shakespeare.
8. Nobody else loves you as much as I do.

(ii) Transformation from comparative to a superlative degree

1. Babu is faster than any other boy in the class.
   Babu is the fastest boy in the class.
2. Gold is more expensive than any other metal.
   Gold is the most expensive metal.
   • Any other/no other is left out.
   • The comparative form is changed into a superlative form.
   • ‘Than’ is removed, “the’ is added before superlative degree.

Sentence Transformation Class 10

Exercise 6.

Rewrite the following sentences after changing the degree of Adjective from comparative to superlative.
1. No other poet is greater than Kalidas.
2. Mr. Joshi is taller than any other teacher.
3. No other girl is more beautiful than her.
4. Kavita is more intelligent than any other girl in the class.
5. “No other language is more widely used than English.
6. Anita is more afraid of dogs than any other girl in the school.
7. No other boy is stronger than Amit.
8 Vinita is more hardworking than any other student in the class.
Answer:
1. Kalidas is the greatest poet.
2. Mr. Joshi is the tallest teacher.
3. She is the most beautiful girl.
4. Kavita is the most intelligent girl in the class.
5. English is the most widely used language.
6. Anita is the most afraid of dogs in the school.
7. Amit is the strongest boy in the class.
8. Vinita is the most hardworking student in the class.

Exercise On Transformation Of Sentences Class 10

Exercise 7.

Rewrite the following sentences after changing the degree of Adjective from superlative to comparative.
1. Diamond is the hardest non–metal.
2. Anita is the best student in the class.
3. Mount Everest is the highest mountain in India.
4. Vishwanathan Anand is the best chess player.
5. Burj Khalifa is the tallest building in the world.
6. Anamika is the best singer in her class.
7. Akshar Dham is the best religious place in Delhi.
8. Anubhav is the laziest boy in the class.
Answer:
1. No other non–metal is harder than diamond.
2. No other student is better than Anita in the class.
3. No other mountain in India is higher than Mount Everest.
4. No other chess player is better than Vishwanathan Anand.
5. No other building in the world is taller than Burj Khalifa.
6. No other singer is better than Anamika in her class.
7. No other religious place is better than Akshar Dham in Delhi.
8. No other boy in the class is lazier than Anubhav.

(iii) Transformation from positive to superlative.

1. No other poet is as great as Kalidas.
   Kalidas is the greatest poet.
2. No other metal is as costly as gold.
   Gold is the costliest metal.
   • No other any other is left out
   • As __________ as/ So __________ as is changed into superlative degree of adjectives.
   • ‘few/very few is changed into one of the’

Transformation Of Sentences Exercises For Class 10 Pdf

Exercise 8.

Rewrite the following sentences after changing the degree of Adjective from positive to superlative.

1. No other student is as fast as Amit.
2. Very few students are as cooperative as Arun.
3. No other boy in the class runs as fast as Kapil.
4. Very few offices are as clean as this.
5. No other fruit is as tasty as mango.
6. No other market is as crowded as Lajpat Nagar.
7. Very few buildings are as high as ‘Antariksha’ in Connaught Place.
8. No other teacher is as polite as our English teacher.
Answer:
1. Amit is the fastest boy in the class.
2. Arun is one of the most cooperative students.
3. Kapil is the fastest boy in the class.
4. This office is one of the cleanest offices.
5. Mango is the tastiest fruit.
6. Lajpat Nagar is the most crowded market.
7. ‘Antariksha’ in Connaught Place is one of the highest buildings.
8. Our English teacher is the politest teacher.

Transformation Of Sentences Exercises With Answers 

Exercise 9.

Rewrite the following sentences after changing the degree of Adjective from superlative to comparative,

1. Hira Lal is the richest man in our society.
2. Kanha is the tallest boy in the team.
3. Rachna is the most beautiful girl in the class.
4. Rose is the most splendid flower.
5. Madan is the strongest player in the team.
6. Sachin Tendulkar is the best cricketer.
7. Rajni is the smartest girl in the family.
8. Anandi is the best character in the serial Balika Vadhu.
Answer:
1. No other man in our society is richer than Hira Lal.
2. No other boy in the team is taller than Kanha.
3. No other girl in the class is as beautiful as Rachna.
4. No other flower is as splendid as the rose.
5. No other player in the team is stronger than Madan.
6. No other cricketer is better than Sachin Tendulkar.
7. No other girl in the family is smarter than Rajni.
8. No other character in the serial Balika Vadhu is better than Anandi.

(iv) The transformation from superlative to positive.

1. Tokyo is one of the most expensive cities to live in. Very few cities are expensive to live in as Tokyo.
2. Sohani is one of the cleverest girls in her class. Very few girls of Sohani’s class are as clever as her.
   • ‘One of the’ is left out.
   • The sentence begins with ‘very few’.
   • The superlative degree of the adjective is changed into positive.

Sentence Transformation Exercises Class 10

Exercise 10.

Rewrite the following sentences after changing the degree of comparison from superlative to positive.

1. Tulip is one of the most beautiful flowers.
2. “The Economic Times’ is one of the most favourite newspapers in India.
3. Rabia is one of the tallest girls in her family.
4. Premchand was one of the best writers in Hindi literature.
5. Steve Jobs is one of the richest persons in the world.
6. This is one of the fastest trains in the country.
7. Akbar was one of the greatest kings in the history of India.
8. Khan–e–Khana was one of the best courtiers of Akbar’s court.
Answer:
1. Very few flowers are as beautiful as a tulip.
2. Very few newspapers are as favourite in India as “The Economic Times’.
3. Very few girls in Rabia’s family are as tall as Rabia.
4. Very few writers in Hindi literature were as good as Premchand.
5. Very few persons in the world are as rich as Steve Jobs.
6. Very few trains are as fast as this one in the country.
7. Very few kings were as great as Akbar in the history of India.
8. Very few courtiers of Akbar’s court were as good as Khan–e–Khana.

(v) Transformation from superlative to comparative.

1. Japanese is one of the toughest languages to learn.
   Japanese is tougher to learn than most other languages.
2. Emerald is one of the most precious gems.
   Emerald is more precious than most other gems.

Exercise 11.

Rewrite the following sentences after changing the superlative degree into comparative.
1. Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar was one of the most learned persons of India.
2. Niharika is one of the smartest students of class IV.
3. Nelson Mandela is one of the noblest men.
4. Ahmedabad is one of the greenest cities in India.
5. Tana Bana is one of the best producers of silk.
6. This story is one of the most interesting stories that I have read.
7. Railway is one of the cheapest means of travel.
8. Uganda is one of the smallest countries in the world.
Answer:
1. Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar was more learned than most other persons of India.
2. Niharika is smarter than most other students of class IV.
3. Nelson Mandela is nobler than most other men.
4. Ahmedabad is greener than most other cities in India.
5. Tana Bana is better than most other producers of silk.
6. This story is more interesting than most other stories that I have read.
7. Railway is cheaper than most other means of travel.
8. Uganda is smaller than most other countries of the world.

D. Transformation of kinds of statements.

Interrogative to Assertive

• Does man live by water alone?
  Man does not live by water alone.
• Who can deny the fact?
  No one can deny the fact.
• An affirmative question becomes a negative statement.
• A Negative question becomes a positive statement.

Exercise 12:

Rewrite the following questions by changing them into Assertive Sentences.
1. Shall I ever forget you?
2. Can anyone break the records of Sachin?
3. Who would hate his country?
4. Why waste time waiting here?
5. Who won’t die for his country?
6. Isn’t the earth a wonderful planet?
7. Who doesn’t like to be free?
8. Can the dumb speak?
Answer:
1. I shall never forget you.
2. No one can break the records of Sachin.
3. Everyone would love his country.
4. It is no use wasting time in waiting here.
5. Everyone would die for his country.
6. The earth is a wonderful planet.
7. Everyone likes to be free.
8. The dumb cannot speak.

(ii) Affirmative to Negative
As soon as the students saw the teacher, they rushed to their class.
No sooner did the students see the teacher than they rushed to their class.

1. He is a fast runner.
2. He is not a slow runner.
   • Affirmative word is removed.
   • Opposite of the keyword is used.
   • Change in keywords
     

     Affirmative	Negative
     A few	Not many
     As soon as	No sooner – than
     Always	never
     All	none
     Everybody	nobody
     Everyone	none

Exercise 13.

Change the following sentences from Affirmative to Negative.
1. Tulsidas wrote Ram Charit Manas.
2. This is a common occurrence.
3. Obama visited the Taj Mahal.
4. As soon as he saw the falling child, he ran to save it.
5. Mohan’s brother is stronger than him.
6. There is always fire where there is smoke.
7. Only Delhiites need apply for this post.
8. He is too weak to speak.
Answer:
1. No one but Tulsidas wrote ‘Ram Charit Manas’.
2. This is not an uncommon occurrence.
3. Obama did not fail to visit the Taj Mahal.
4. No sooner did he see the falling child than he ran to save it.
5. Mohan is not stronger than his brother.
6. There cannot be smoke where there is no fire.
7. None but Delhites need to apply for this post.
8. He is so weak that he cannot speak.

Exercise 14.

Rewrite the following sentences after changing them into Affirmative from Negative.
1. No one but a fool could have thrown the book.
2. Are you not a liar?
3. There is no dark cloud without a silver lining.
4. It is no use crying over split milk.
5. No sooner did Mohan see the thief than he ran away.
6. We do not entertain guests other than Indians
7. No other person could have jumped to save the child.
8. No one hates his country.
Answer:
1. Only a fool could have thrown the book.
2. You are a liar.
3. Every dark cloud has a silver lining.
4. Do not cry over spilt milk.
5. As soon as Mohan saw the thief, he ran away.
6. We entertain only Indian guests.
7. Only he could have jumped to save the child.
8. Everyone loves his country.

(iii) Transformation of Statements to Exclamation.
It is very pleasant weather. (statement)
What a pleasant weather it is! (exclamatory)
It is nice of you to help me. (statement)
How nice of you to help me! (Exclamatory)

• Very is left out in exclamatory sentences.
• Full stop is replaced by the mark of exclamation.
• What/how is placed in the beginning of sentence. (What is used with a Noun, whereas ‘How is used with an Adjective.
• The words of exclamation like oh’, “Ah’, ‘Alas’, ‘hurry’, etc. are used to express the emotions.

Exercise 15.

Rewrite the following exclamatory sentences by changing them into Assertive sentences.
1. What a piece of work man is!
2. O that I were a bird!
3. How wonderful the Taj is!
4. If only I could see the hero once!
5. A soldier and afraid of the battlefield!
6. Alas! my favourite hero Rajesh Khanna has departed!
7. If only I could tell the truth!
8. How lovely the rose is!
Answer:
1. Man is a wonderful piece of work.
2. I wish to be a bird.
3. The Taj is very wonderful.
4. I wish to see the hero once.
5. A soldier is not afraid of the battlefield.
6. It is sad that my favourite hero Rajesh Khanna has departed.
7. I wish to tell the truth.
8. The rose is very lovely.

Exercise 16.

Rewrite the following statements by changing them into Exclamatory sentences.
1. The mangoes are very delicious.
2. I wish that I could go to heaven.
3. It was a pleasant day when I met you.
4. I wish that I could meet the President of India.
5. You should be ashamed of being so cruel.
6. It is a pity that the old people are ignored.
7. Your child is very sweet.
8. It is said that she lost her mother.
Answer:
1. How delicious the mangoes are!
2. O that I could go to heaven!
3. What a pleasant day it was when I met you!
4. O that I could meet the President of India!
5. What a shame! you are so cruel!
6. What a pity the old people are ignored!
7. How sweet your child is!
8. Alas! She lost her mother!

Do as directed.

Question 1.
Mohan is as tall as Sohan. (Rewrite using ‘taller than’)
Answer:
Sohan is not taller than Mohan.

Question 2.
My uncle is very old. (Change into a negative sentence)
Answer:
My uncle is not very young.

Question 3.
My book was stolen by them. (Begin with ‘They’)
Answer:
They stole my book.

Question 4.
She is too tired to work now. (Use ‘so ––– that’)
Answer:
She is so tired that she cannot work now.

Question 5.
No other boy in my class is as good as Ram. (Change into an affirmative sentence)
Answer:
Ram is the best boy in my class.

Question 6.
Who can beat me in sports? (Change into a negative sentence)
Answer:
Nobody can beat me in sports.

Question 7.
Ram saw a thief. He informed the police immediately. (use ‘As soon as’)
Answer:
As soon as Ram saw a thief, he informed the police.

Question 8.
I was reading a book. He was singing a song. (Combine the sentences)
Answer:
While I was reading a book he was singing a song.

Question 9.
They had finished their work before Ram came. (Make two simple sentences)
Answer:
They had finished their work. Ram came after that.

Question 10.
My book was torn by my sister. (Begin with ‘My sister)
Answer:
My sister tore my book.

Combining Sentences

Combining sentences, also known, as joining sentences, is the process of joining parts of a sentence into a whole. We can combine words or sentences by using some connectors i.e.,

• Relative Pronouns: Who, whom, which, etc.
• Relative Adverbs: Where, when, how, why, etc.
• Conjunction: And, yet, but, after, before, while, though, yet, etc.

Combining Sentences Exercises Solved Question for Class 10 CBSE

Combine the following sentences using suitable connectors.

Question 1.
The boys played. The girls sang.
Answer:
The boys played while the girls sang.

Question 2.
He finished his homework. He went out to play.
Answer:
He finished his homework and went out to play.

Question 3.
Sunil works hard. Sunil is the monitor.
Answer:
Sunil, who is the monitor, works hard.

Question 4.
He is rich. He is clever.
Answer:
He is rich but clever.

Question 5.
The plants will die. The rain will fall.
Answer:
The plants will die unless the rain falls.

Question 6.
His eyes are beautiful. His eyes are weak.
Answer:
His eyes are beautiful but weak.

Question 7.
Aman is my friend. Aman is a singer.
Answer:
Aman, who is a singer, is my friend.

Question 8.
I was ill. I could not go to school.
Answer:
I was ill so I could not go to school.

Question 9.
Raman lost all his wealth. He remained cheerful.
Answer:
Although Raman lost all his wealth, he remained cheerful.

Question 10.
My friend is late. He will not be able to catch the train.
Answer:
My friend is late so he will not be able to catch the train.

Question 11.
Mumbai is a big city. It is called Bollywood.
Answer:
Mumbai, which is a big city, is called Mayapuri or Bollywood.

Question 12.
I was unwell. I attended the seminar.
Answer:
I was unwell yet I attended the seminar.

Question 13.
I lost my watch. I was dancing.
Answer:
I lost my watch while I was dancing.

Question 14.
She was reading a novel. Her mother called her for dinner.
Answer:
She was reading a novel when her mother called her for dinner.

Question 15.
The young man is sitting next to Amir Khan. He is my brother.
Answer:
The young man who is sitting next to Amir Khan is my brother.

Question 16.
The students were shouting. The games teacher reached there.
Answer:
The students were shouting when the games teacher reached there.

Question 17.
Ramesh was sleeping. I called him out.
Answer:
Ramesh was sleeping when I called him out.

Sentence Transformation (Type–1)

Read the sentences given below and complete the paragraphs that follow:

Question 1.
(a) Boys and girls heat the pieces of coloured glasses.
(b) Their hands solder the glasses into the circles of bangles.
(c) Then they put them into the tray of cold water.

Vandana had an opportunity to visit the Bangle factory in Firozabad. She was surprised that the pieces ……………………. by the boys and girls. Then the glasses (b) …………………… After this the circles of bangles (c) …………………….
Answer:
(a) of coloured glasses were heated
(b) were soldered by them manually into the circles of bangles.
(c) were put by them into a tray of cold water.

Question 2.
(a) The newspaper boy was selling the newspapers.
(b) The man in the khaki was serving vadai and tea.
(c) Another vendor was offering cold drinks and ice creams.

I had just arrived in India and had to travel by train to reach my hometown. On reaching the station, I saw the newspapers (a) ……………………. by the man in the Khaki. Also, another scene caught hold of my attention. Ice creams (c) …………………….
Answer:
(a) were being sold by a newspaper boy
(b) and vadai and tea were being served
(c) and cold drinks were being offered by another vendor.

Question 3.
(a) Tsunami hit the coastal low–lying areas very badly.
(b) The high monstrous wave ate all the houses and shops built near the shore.
(c) The gushing water devastated the vehicles and killed the people inside.

Oh! What a despondent sight the Tsunami hit area rendered. The low–lying areas (a) ……………………. All the houses (b) ……………………. the high monstrous waves. The vehicles (c) ……………………. killed inside.
Answer:
(a) near the coast were badly hit by Tsunami
(b) and the shops were eaten away by
(c) were devastated by the gushing waters and people were.

Read the dialogue and complete the passages. Write your answer in your answersheet against the correct blank number.

Question 4.
Renu: Can I help you? I have plenty of spare time.
Ajay: Sure you can. I have a problem in solving this sum which is very difficult.
Renu: See, there are two ways to solve it. One is easy and the other is difficult.
Renu asked Ajay (a) ……………………. Ajay replying affirmatively and said she could surely as (b) ……………………. Renu replied that (C) …………………….
Answer:
(a) if she could help him as she had plenty of spare time.
(b) he had a problem with solving that sum which was very difficult.
(c) there were two ways to solve it, one was easy and the other was difficult.

Question 5.
Teacher: Have you done your homework today?
Student: No ma’am, I had to go out with my parents.
Teacher: I cannot forgive you, this time you have to call your parents.

The teacher asked the student (a) ……………………. The student replied (b) ……………………. Then the teacher angrily said (c) …………………….
Answer:
(a) if he/she had done his/her homework that day.
(b) negatively saying that he/she had to go out with his/her parents.
(c) that she could not forgive him/her that time. He/She had to call his/her parents.

Question 6.
Dr. Anil: How are you feeling after you have taken this medicine?
Anita: I am feeling much better except a little weakness.
Dr. Anil: You can continue taking these medicines. But I will add another one also.

Dr. Anil asked Anita (a) ……………………. To this Anita replied (b) ……………………. Then Dr. Anil said that (c) …………………….
Answer:
(a) how she was feeling after she had taken that medicine.
(b) that she was feeling much better except for that she was feeling weak.
(c) she could continue taking those medicines but he would add another one also.

Question 7.
Venu: How is your backache?
Anita: It is worsening day by day, which is a matter of great concern.
Venu: Oh! In this case, you may go to Dr. Anil.

Venu asked Anita (a) ……………………. To this Anita replied that (b) ……………………. Venu exclaimed that (c) …………………….
Answer:
(a) how her backache was.
(b) it was worsening day by day, which was a matter of great concern.
(c) in that case, she might go to Dr. Anil.

Question 8.
Harish: I am going to New York in August.
Ashok: I am extremely jealous of you, I wish I could come along as we would have fun together.
Harish: It is never too late. Now, let me know by tomorrow. I shall make your reservation too.

Harish told Ashok that (a) ……………………. Ashok, expressing his jealousy and said (b) ……………………. But kindhearted Harish said (c) ……………………. He would make his reservation too.
Answer:
(a) he was going to New York in August.
(b) that he wished he could go along as they would have fun together.
(c) that it was never too late. Then he asked Ashok to let him know by the next day.

Question 9.
Here are a few tips to save water. Read and complete the sentences that follow in the passive voice.
(a) When washing dishes by hand don’t wastewater.
(b) Run your clothes washer only when it is full.
(c) Wash fruits and vegetables in a pan of water.
(i) When washing dishes by hand (a) …………………….
(ii) Your clothes washer (b) ……………………. Only when it is full.
(iii) Fruit and vegetables (c) ………………….. in a pan of water.
Answer:
(a) water should not be wasted.
(b) should be run
(c) should be washed

Question 10.
Given below are instructions for making a dish. Read and complete the passage that follows in the passive voice.
(a) Take a cup of water and boil it.
(b) Once the water boils, add Maggi noodles and tastemaker.
(c) Stir it for three minutes and serve it hot with butter.

A cup of water (a) ……………………. and is kept to boil. To the boiling water, Maggi and tastemaker (b) ……………………. It is stirred for three minutes and (c) ……………………. hot with butter.
Answer:
(a) is taken
(b) are added
(c) is served

Do as Directed (Type–2)

Question 1.
Rajan bought a car today. (Change the Voice.)
Answer:
A car was bought by Rajan today.

Question 2.
Virtue has its own reward. (Change to Interrogative.)
Answer:
Does Virtue not to have its own reward?

Question 3.
Sachin has done well. (Change to Exclamatory.)
Answer:
Hurray! Sachin has done well.

Question 4.
Rahul is as strong as Madan. (Change the Degree.)
Answer:
Madan is not stronger than Rahul.

Question 5.
Radha failed although she has put in so much hard work. (Change to a Simple Sentence.)
Answer:
Inspite of putting in so much hard work Radha failed.

Question 6.
The lions do not attack young babies. (Change the Voice.)
Answer:
Young babies are not attacked by the lions.

Question 7.
Why quarrel with neighbours? (Change into Assertive.)
Answer:
We should not quarrel with neighbours.

Question 8.
Antonio was one of the best speakers of the world. (Change the Degree.)
Answer:
Very few speakers of the world were as good as Antonio.
Or
Antonio was better than most other speakers of the world.

Question 9.
Somebody blocked the way. (Change the Voice.)
Answer:
The way was blocked by somebody.

Question 10.
I love him more than his father. (Change the Degree of Comparison.)
Answer:
His father does not love him as much as me.

Question 11.
Very few flowers are as beautiful as a rose. (Change the Degree of Comparison.)
Answer:
Rose is one of the most beautiful flowers.

Question 12.
Old age is really a curse. (Change into Exclamatory.)
Answer:
O! Old age is a curse!

Question 13.
As soon as he came in, all got to beat him. (Use ‘No sooner’.)
Answer:
No sooner did he come in than all got up to beat him.

Question 14.
The manager organized the workshop for teachers. (Change the Voice.)
Answer:
The workshop for teachers was organized by the manager.

Question 15.
Amit is the strongest boy in the class. (Change the Degree of Adjective.)
Answer:
No other boy in the class is as strong as Amit.

Question 16.
The young boy said to me, “Can you tell me the way to the mall?” (Change the narration.)
Answer:
The young boy asked me if I could tell him the way to the mall.

Question 17.
As soon as he reached the platform, the metro left. (Change into Negative.)
Answer:
No sooner did he reach the platform than the metro left.

Question 18.
Aishwarya Rai is one of the most beautiful persons. (Change the Degree.)
Answer:
Very few persons are as beautiful as Aishwarya Rai.

Question 19.
Neema was present at some of the cricket matches. (Change into Negative.)
Answer:
Neema was not absent at some of the cricket matches.

Question 20.
It was nearly four in the morning. (Rewrite using ‘by’.)
Answer:
It was 4 a.m. by my watch.

Question 21.
Akshar Dham is the most beautiful building in Delhi. (Change the Degree.)
Answer:
No other building in Delhi is so beautiful as Akshardham.

Question 22.
He does not admit that he told a lie. (Change into Assertive.)
Answer:
He denies that he told a lie.

Question 23.
He performed as his teacher advised him. (Change into Simple Sentence.)
Answer:
He performed on his teacher’s advice.

Question 24.
Question paper was easy enough. (Change into Negative Sentence.)
Answer:
Question paper was not very difficult.

Question 25.
Abhinav Bindra is the strongest player in India. (Change the Degree.)
Answer:
No other player in India is as strong as Abhinav Bindra.
Or
Abhinav Bindra is stronger than any other player in India.

Question 26.
Is this the way you should treat your brother? (Change into Assertive.)
Answer:
You should not treat your brother this way.

Question 27.
There was no one present who did not dance. (Change into Affirmative.)
Answer:
Everyone present there danced.

Question 28.
Kapil is wiser than his friends. (Change the Degree.)
Answer:
Kapil’s friends are not as wise as he.

Question 29.
Somebody has changed the channel on TV. (Change the Voice.)
Answer:
The channel on TV has been changed.

Question 30.
We can never forget those miserable days. (Change into Interrogative Sentence.).
Answer:
Can we ever forget those miserable days?

Question 31.
The Taj Mahal is a wonderful monument. (Change into Interrogative Sentence.)
Answer:
Isn’t the Taj Mahal a wonderful monument?

Question 32.
Kamla purchased an expensive car. (Change the Voice.)
Answer:
An expensive car was purchased by Kamla.

Question 33.
Rajan has got as much as he deserved. (Change into a Negative Sentence.)
Answer:
Rajan does not deserve more than he has got.

Question 34.
Very few leaders are as strong as Rajeev Gandhi. (Change the Degree.)
Answer:
Rajeev Gandhi was one of the strongest leaders.

Question 35.
Who can hate his motherland? (Change into Assertive Sentence.)
Answer:
No one can hate his motherland.

Question 36.
East or West, home is the best. (Change the Degree.)
Answer:
No other place is better than home.

Question 37.
Mahatma Gandhi was the greatest leader of India. (Change the Degree.)
Answer:
No other leader of India was as great as Mahatma Gandhi.

Question 38.
The children need my support. (Change into Interrogative.)
Answer:
Don’t the children need my support?

Question 39.
As soon as the thief stole the purse, he left the shop. (Change into Negative.)
Answer:
No sooner did the thief steal the purse than he left the shop.

Question 40.
He is a very mischievous boy. (Change into Exclamatory.)
Answer:
What a mischievous boy he is!

Question 41.
Please do not forget to pay the bill. (Change into Affirmative.)
Answer:
Please remember to pay the bill.

Question 42.
No sooner did he see the fat man than he started crying. (Change into Affirmative.)
Answer:
As soon as he saw the fat man, he started crying.

Question 43.
Please donate books for poor children. (Change the Voice.)
Answer:
You are requested to donate books for poor children.

Question 44.
How attractive the dress is! (Change into Assertive Sentence.)
Answer:
The dress is very attractive.

Question 45.
Ritesh is the tallest boy in our class. (Change the Degree.).
Answer:
No other boy in our class is as tall as Ritesh.
Or
Ritesh is taller than all the other boys in our class.

A conjunction is a word that joins words, phrases and sentences. They are called linkers or connectors also. Words such as ‘and’, ‘but’ and ‘or’ are conjunctions.

This grammar section explains English Grammar in a clear and simple way. There are example sentences to show how the language is used. NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English will help you to write better answers in your Class 10 exams. Because the Solutions are solved by subject matter experts. https://ncertmcq.com/conjunction-exercise-for-class-10/

Conjunctions Exercises for Class 10 CBSE With Answers Pdf

Conjunction Class 10 Exercise

They are used for:
1. adding information
Examples:

• furthermore, in addition, moreover, and

2. expressing similarity
Examples:

• in the same way, similarly

3. expressing difference
Examples:

• while, whereas, but, instead, or

4. expressing purpose
Examples:

• so that, otherwise, in order to, in case, for

5. showing time
Examples:

• when, after, as, as soon as

Conjunctions Exercises Solved Examples for Class 10 CBSE

The following passage has an error in each line. Underline the incorrect word and write the incorrect and the correct word in the answer sheet. Do not copy the whole sentence.

Conjunction Class 10 Question 1.

		Incorrect	Correct
(a)	There was once a very wealthy man which, with	………………..	………………..
(b)	his young son, shared a passion for collecting art. Because	………………..	………………..
(c)	the winter approached, war engulfed the nation but the young man left to serve his country. After a few	………………..	………………..
(d)	weeks, the elderly man came to know because his	………………..	………………..
(e)	son had died unless rushing a fellow soldier to	………………..	………………..
(f)	safety Distraught but lonely, the old man faced the upcoming Christmas holidays with anguish and sadness.	………………..	………………..

Answer:
Incorrect → Correct
(a) which → who
(b) Because → as
(c) but → and
(d) because → that
(e) unless → while
(f) but → and

Conjunctions Exercises For Class 10 With Answers Question 2.
Complete the passage given below.
Prophet Ibrahim obeyed Allah’s order (a) …………………………… built the Kabah–the house of God in Makkah. It was a simple (b) …………………………… beautiful house. Once the house of God was ready, Allah told Ibrahim “Clean the Kabah (c) …………………………… make it pure. It’s my house. Don’t keep anything else there (d) …………………………… people can come and pray to me in peace. They should walk around the Kabah (e) …………………………… pray to stand. Allah asked Ibrahim to call the people to come to the Kabah. All the people who came were …………………………… tired that they could barely stand. But they all hurried to Makkah as they all wanted to pray in the Kabah.
Answer:
(a) and
(b) but
(c) and
(d) so that
(e) and

Conjunction For Class 10 Question 3.
Fill up the blanks with only one word.
Once Guru Nanak was traveling with his disciple Mardana. They came across a village (a) …………………………… the people were very inhospitable. The two holy men were given (b) …………………………… food and (c) …………………………… shelter. On leaving the village Guru Nanak said, “May this village always be here.” Soon after, they came to another village. The villagers here were extremely kind (d) …………………………… courteous to them. On leaving the village Guru Nanak said, “May this village be destroyed (e) …………………………… its people scattered all over the earth !” Mardana was astonished. “Sir,” he said to Guru Nanak (f) …………………………… you left the bad village, you wished it well. Now when you leave this good village where people have tried so hard to make us feel at home, you wish that it be destroyed.
Answer:
(a) where
(b) no
(c) no
(d) and
(e) and
(f) When

Conjunctions Exercises For Class 10 Cbse With Answers Question 4.
Complete the passage given below.
As we trudged along with the steep mountain path (a) …………………………… reached a clearing, the landscape evolved into a picturesque panorama. The tall pines stood erect in attention (b) …………………………… in a military drill. A solitary wildflower caught my attention (C) …………………………… it swayed merrily in the breeze. It seemed oblivious to my presence (d) …………………………… appeared to be in some sort of private celebrations its bright yellow colour eloquently reflecting its vibrant mood. It appeared assertive of its uniqueness and (e) …………………………… blending harmoniously into the orchestra of colours (f) …………………………… surrounded it.
Answer:
(a) and
(b) as if
(c) as
(d) and
(e) yet
(f) which

Conjunction Exercise Class 10 Question 5.
Complete the passage given below.
One day not too long ago, the employees of a large company in St. Louis, Missouri entered the company (a) …………………………… were greeted with a sign on the front door. The sign said, “yesterday, the person (b) …………………………… has been hindering your growth in this company passed away. We invite you to join the funeral in the room (c) …………………………… has been prepared in the gym.” At first everyone was sad to hear (d) …………………………… one of their colleagues had died. (e) …………………………… after a while, they started getting curious about (f) …………………………… this person was. The excitement grew as the employees arrived at the gym to pay their last respect.
Answer:
(a) and
(b) who
(c) that
(d) that
(e) But
(f) who

Conjunctions Exercises For Class 10 Icse With Answers Question 6.
Complete the passage given below.
Whether you are a family man (a) …………………………… a monk, the most important thing is how you look at (b) …………………………… reflect upon life and the experience it brings. (C) …………………………… your attitude is positive and accepting, you live with God even (d) …………………………… in the world. (e) …………………………… a negative attitude will bring just the opposite result, then you choose to live with the devil. Knowing one’s own mind (f) …………………………… its lower tendencies while constantly trying to transcend them should be the focus of a spiritual aspirant. A Mahatma was once asked, “Holy one, are you sure that you will go to heaven when you die?” The Mahatma replied, “Yes of course.” “But how do you know?”
Answer:
(a) or
(b) and
(c) If
(d) while
(e) But
(f) and

Definition: A preposition is a word placed before a noun or a pronoun to show in what relation the person or thing denoted by it stands in regard to something else.

This grammar section explains English Grammar in a clear and simple way. There are example sentences to show how the language is used. NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English will help you to write better answers in your Class 10 exams. Because the Solutions are solved by subject matter experts. https://ncertmcq.com/preposition-exercise-for-class-10/

Preposition Exercises for Class 10 CBSE With Answers Pdf

Prepositions Exercises For Class 10

Prepositions can be of the following types:

1. Prepositions of time
These prepositions are used:
(a) to denote the time of the day
Examples:

• I went to the market on Monday.
• The movie starts at three o’clock.

(b) to denote parts of the day, months, years, seasons
Examples:

• The sun rises in the morning.
• The Board exams are held in March.
• My sister was born in 1999.
• Shimla is a place one should visit in summer.

(c) to denote extended time
Examples:

• She has not eaten since yesterday.
• I will be on vacation for two weeks.
• The first term will be from June to September.
• Some children play during lunchtime.
• She will complete this project within a year.

Preposition Exercises With Answers Class 10

2. Prepositions Of Place
These types of prepositions are used:

(a) to denote a particular point
Examples:

• There are many rooms in the school.
• The jewels are kept inside the case.
• The basket is kept on the chair.
• There is a sale at the shop.

(b) to denote a place higher than a point
Examples:

• The kite flew over my roof.
• He lives in the flat just above mine.

(c) to denote a place lower than a point .
Examples:

• They have constructed the parking under the ground.
• The children snuggled underneath the blanket.
• They hid the treasure beneath the rocks.
• There is an entirely new world below the sea-level.

(d) to denote a neighbouring point
Examples:

• She has a shop near the park.
• There is a cyber cafe by the store.
• The vendor sells vegetables next to my house.
• Her house is situated between Saket and Malviya Nagar.
• She is the happiest in the library among books.
• The school is situated opposite a cinema hall.

Prepositions Exercises For Class 10 Cbse With Answers Pdf

3. Prepositions introducing objects

These types of prepositions are used:
(a) as objects of verbs
Examples:

• It is difficult not to laugh at his joke.
• The teacher asked the students to look at the blackboard.
• It is very natural to smile at a baby.

(b) with ‘of
Examples:

• I did not approve o/his behaviour.
• This book consists of many pages.
• He dreams o/becoming a film star.

Preposition Class 10

4. Prepositions of location These prepositions are used:

(a) To denote a point
Examples:

• Is your father at home?
• There was no guard at the railway crossing.
• There was a huge crowd at the bank.

(b) to denote surface
Examples:

• The man was working on his presentation.
• A ship floats on water.

(c) to denote an area/volume in an enclosed area
Examples:

• The cattle are in the pasture.
• There are five windows in the room.
• There is a lot of waterlogging in the streets.

(d) to denote an area/volume not enclosed by a fence
Example:

• The horses were grazing in the open field.

Preposition Exercises For Class 10

5. Prepositions Of Direction

These prepositions indicate the direction.
Example:

• The swimmers swam against the flow.

6. Prepositions Of Destination

These prepositions are used to indicate:
(a) movement towards a goal
Examples:

• He walked all the way to his apartment.
• It is a very short distance to the bus stop.

(b) movement towards a surface
Examples:

• The ball fell onto the net.
• The short stories were recorded onto cassettes.
• The window opened directly onto the pavement.

(c) movement towards the interior of a volume
Example:

• The cat fell into the well.

(d) movement in a general direction
Example:

• She always sits meditating with her face towards the east.

Preposition Exercise Class 10

7. Prepositions denoting means of transportation These prepositions are used:

(a) to indicate climbing
Example:

• She finds it difficult to climb into a moving bus.

(b) with ‘go’
Examples:

• She has decided to go to London by ship.
• She goes to school on foot.

One word – many prepositions
A Ready Reckoner

Agree	with a person	to a thing; upon a policy
Angry	with a person	at a thing for some reason
Appeal	to a person	for a thing
Apply	to a person	for a post
Attend	on a person	for a thing
Blind	of one eye	to one’s faults, etc.
Call	at a place	on a person
Care	for a person	of a thing
Compare	with (similar) thing	to a (dissimilar) thing
Compete	with a person	for a thing
Complain	to/against a person	of something
Deal	with a person	in a thing
Die	of a disease, for a cause	due to overwork, from hunger
Differ	from a thing	for a purpose
Disgusted	with a person	at a thing
Distinguish	in one thing from another	between two things
Enquire	into a matter	after one’s health
Enter	a place	into an agreement
Entrust	a person with a thing	a thing to a person
Fire	at a man	upon a mob
Grateful	to a person	for a thing
Lean	against a wall	on a stick
Meet	a person	with an accident
Part	from a person	with a thing
Quarrel	with a person	over a thing
Retire	from business	to bed
Slow	of speech	at a business
Stare	at a person	a person in the face
Suffer	from fever	for follies
Useful	to a person	for a purpose

Preposition Exercises Solved Examples for Class 10 CBSE

The following passage has not been edited. There is one error related to the use of prepositions in each numbered line. Write the correct word and correction against the incorrect word. Do not copy the whole passage.

Preposition Exercises For Class 10 Pdf Question 1.

		Incorrect	Correct
Kalpana Chawla was at the top	(a)	………………………………	………………………………
in the newspapers ever. She lost her	(b)	………………………………	………………………………
life in a very short span of time.	(c)	………………………………	………………………………
She hailed by a small town	(d)	………………………………	………………………………
of Karnal. But unfortunately, she	(e)	………………………………	………………………………
died by with six other astronauts.	(f)	………………………………	………………………………

Answer:
Incorrect – Correct
(a) at – on
(b) in – of
(c) in – within
(d) by – from
(e) of – in
(f) by – along

Preposition Editing Exercises Question 2.

		Incorrect	Correct
Tsunami is a series in waves	(a)	………………………………	………………………………
generated in a body from water	(b)	………………………………	………………………………
through an impulsive disturbance	(c)	………………………………	………………………………
causing property damage and loss in life.	(d)	………………………………	………………………………
They are referred to by tidal waves.	(e)	………………………………	………………………………
Waves act below the influence of gravity.	(f)	………………………………	………………………………

Answer:
Incorrect – Correct
(a) in – of
(b) from – of
(c) through – by
(d) in – of
(e) by – as
(f) below – under

Preposition For Class 10 Question 3.

		Incorrect	Correct
The Metro Rail System is unique through	(a)	………………………………	………………………………
the whole world. People in Delhi and	(b)	………………………………	………………………………
in neighboring states will enjoy this unique railway facility.	(c)	………………………………	………………………………
The Metro station of Connaught Place	(d)	………………………………	………………………………
is equivalent in the Victoria terminal	(e)	………………………………	………………………………
of the well placed central London.	(f)	………………………………	………………………………

Answer:
Incorrect – Correct
(a) through – in
(b) in – of
(c) in – of
(d) of – at
(e) in – to
(f) of – in

Preposition Questions And Answers For Class 10 Question 4.

		Incorrect	Correct
The problem in unemployment	(a)	………………………………	………………………………
of India is very serious.	(b)	………………………………	………………………………
For provide jobs to rapidly increasing population is very difficult.	(c)	………………………………	………………………………
All the countries in the world are	(d)	………………………………	………………………………
facing the same. From two crores are partly employed. They can be provided	(e)	………………………………	………………………………
opportunities before engage themselves in spinning and handloom industries.	(f)	………………………………	………………………………

Answer:
Incorrect – Correct
(a) in – of
(b) of – in
(c) For – To
(d) in – of
(e) From – About
(f) before – to

Preposition Class 10 Exercise Question 5.

		Incorrect	Correct
Environmental pollution has posed a serious threat not only in man	(a)	………………………………	………………………………
but also among all living beings. Poverty and population are the	(b)	………………………………	………………………………
worst polluters in the environment.	(c)	………………………………	………………………………
During older times needs were limited.	(d)	………………………………	………………………………
The increase of the population and	(e)	………………………………	………………………………
fast development in cities are the main culprit.	(f)	………………………………	………………………………

Answer:
Incorrect – Correct
(a) in – to
(b) among – to
(c) in – of
(d) During – in
(e) of – in
(f) in – of

Fill in the blanks with correct prepositions.

6. Mohan distributed the sweets (a) ………………………. Ram and Shyam. Shyam is fond (b) ………………………. sweets but Ram is not. Ram eats chocolates which are made (c) ………………………. milk. He says that chocolate is superior (d) ………………………. sweets. He is addicted (e) ………………………. chocolate milk. Most of the boys prefer chocolate (f) ………………………. sweets.
Answer:
(a) between
(b) of
(c) of
(d) to
(e) to
(f) to

While writing the article for a school magazine, the following features should be kept in mind:

• It should be brief but complete.
• It should be to the point
• It should be interesting and humorous.
• The language should be simple and correct.

This grammar section explains English Grammar in a clear and simple way. There are example sentences to show how the language is used. In this page, we are providing Article Writing For Class 10 Format, Topics, Examples, Samples

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English will help you to write better answers in your Class 10 exams. Because the Solutions are solved by subject matter experts. https://ncertmcq.com/article-writing-for-class-10/

Article Writing Class 10 Format, Topics, Examples, Samples PDF

Note that to write an article the above points should always be kept in mind.

Article Writing Solved Examples With Answers for Class 10 CBSE

Article Writing Class 10 Question 1.
You are Arpita/Ashwin. You came across the following extract in a magazine article.

A recently’ released report cautions the world that if urgent action is not taken to fortify and supplement our food with proper exercise, we will become a nation of under-achievers. It says we suffer from shocking vitamin and mineral deficiencies. Our sedentary life also leads to obesity and diseases like diabetes, heart problems, etc.

After reading this article you realized that awareness has to be created among people on the need for health care and the consequences of a sedentary life. Taking ideas from the unit Health and Medicine, along with your own ideas, write an article in 120 words.

Article Writing For Class 10 Question 2.
Write an article on ‘Importance of Morning Walk.’ You are Amit/Anita. Use the following clues:

• makes you rise early
• fresh air
• blood rushes through your body
• energy for the day hungry for breakfast
• good for studies
• all day active

Answer:

Importance of Morning Walk
By Amit

Morning walk is of great importance in our daily life. Due to it we tend to get up early in the morning put on our sports shoes and shorts and go to a nearby park. We are able to breathe in the fresh morning air which is refreshing, cool and invigorating. We can feel our pulse going up, blood rushing through our body after a brisk morning walk. The walk energises our body for the day. We start feeling hungry at breakfast time. It has been observed that people who go for a morning walk have been found to be good at their studies; their retention abilities are better than those who do not go for a morning walk. They also stay active throughout the day.

Articles For Class 10 With Answers Question 3.
Colours play a very important role in our life. They have a healing power also. Read the pie chart given below and write an article on colour therapy. You are Shruti /Sharad of Bhagirath Public School.

Answer:

Colour Therapy
by Shruti Class X

Colours add joy to everyone’s life. When infused properly into our lives they can enhance our qualities. Let us see what properties each colour possesses. Green is responsible for creating balance and harmony in life. It represents love and communication and acceptance since it’s nature’s colour. The shades between blue and indigo stand for calmness, peace, love, honesty, kindness, emotional depth, truth and devotion.

Red can increase physical vitality and stamina. Orange stimulates creativity, productivity, pleasure, optimism, enthusiasm and emotional expression. Yellow is said to increase fun and humour. Violet stimulates intuition and imagination. So let us bring colour in our lives and reap its benefits. We all have our favourite colours and now that we know what characteristic they stand for we can hope to inculcate those qualities in our life.

Article Writing Topics For Class 10 Question 4.
You are Raghav/Ragini. Write an article on the importance of breakfast as a healthy food habit.
Answer:

Importance of Breakfast
by Ragini

A good, healthy, nutritious breakfast really sets you going for whatever challenges you may face the rest of the day. Some people hold jobs where they do not get time for even a quick bite but are not plagued by hunger pangs if they have had a hearty and wholesome breakfast. We Indians tend to indulge in three meals per day and most of us lead sedentary lifestyles. This makes us overweight, lethargic and less energetic.

A glass of juice, a toast, a couple of boiled eggs and may be tea or coffee will go a long way in sustaining us for the rest of the day. A heavy meal only makes one drowsy and one cannot concentrate on anything. Starting your day with a good breakfast is one of the best health decisions you can make. If you miss breakfast you could end up having more calories in your body. That is unhealthy for everyone, especially growing children.

Article Questions For Class 10 Question 5.
In monsoon season, outbreak of malaria and dengue is quite common. Write an article on the topic “The Killer Disease – ‘Dengue’. You are Srishti/Siraj.
Answer:

The Killer Disease – Dengue
by Siraj

Dengue is one of the most deadly diseases found in India. It is a fatal disease and can cause an epidemic. This fever spreads due to the mosquitoes. Mosquitoes breed in stagnant water are the main cause of Dengue. Dengue generally begins with a feeling of weakness. If a person is down with dengue he should immediately contact a doctor so that the fever can be prevented from spreading. If it is not treated properly and at the right time it can even prove to be fatal. We can prevent the outbreak of dengue by taking some measures.

Water in the coolers should not be allowed to stagnate for long and must be changed regularly. Clothes should be worn such that they cover the arms and legs. Insecticides should be sprayed regularly. Mosquito repellents and nets can be used at night to prevent mosquito bites. Healthy food should be taken in order to improve the resistance and immunity of the body. Prevention is better than cure.

Article Topics For Class 10 Question 6.
Ministry of Surface Transport and Delhi Police are together organizing writing competition on the topic “Need for Road Safety” as part of their “Road Safety Week” celebrations. Write an article on it. You are Kamal/Karuna.
Answer:

Need for Road Safety
by Karuna

More and more vehicles hit roads every day making the roads virtually death traps. Delhi has recorded an average of 42 road mishaps. Ill–planned, narrow and encroached upon roads and blatant violation of rules have made the situation worse. Statistics show that 70% of all road accidents occur due to human errors. Modern lifestyle which entails mad rush and craze for outdoing others is no less responsible for the tragedy on the roads.

Lane sense is alien to the drivers and road signs are mere decoration. Jumping red light is an act of heroism for most of them. The need of the hour is an efficient traffic management. Encroached upon roads must be reclaimed; road signs must be made accurate and reinstalled where no signs exist. A sustained public awareness about the rules of the road and strict implementation of law can effectively ensure road safety.

Article Class 10 Question 7.
You are Astha/Ashwin of class X. Write an article on ‘Cricket is a Religion in Our Country’ for your school magazine.

Answer:

Cricket: A Religion in Our Country
by Ashwin Class X

Cricket is the most popular game in our country. It is played in every nook and cranny of the country. A victory for India is celebrated with much aplomb and a defeat is mourned by the country, the cricketing champions are worshipped as gods in the country. The obsession with cricket in India can be sensed by the recent World Cup win by India. The celebrations were carried on for days and days.

Thousands of Indians prayed that India would emerge as victorious in the match and when India did win the cup, people everywhere in the country burst crackers and distributed sweets. The players were showered with love and adulation. Our country may be divided into classes, castes and religions but it is the love for cricket that unifies the entire country and hence cricket can be described as a religion itself.

Article For Class 10 Question 8.
See the picture and verbal inputs given below and write an article on “Save the Tiger”. You are Ravi/ Ruchi.

Tigers – danger of extinction – population – decreased from 40,000 to just 4000 – poaching and clearing of habitat for agriculture – demand for tiger skins – threat to their lives – depletion of their chief prey like deer, wild pigs and wild cattle – not enough food – According to Dr. K. Ullas Karanth, if protected and given sufficient access to abundant prey, tiger populations can quickly stabilize – needs continued funding from conservation groups like the Wildlife Conservation Society.

Answer:

Save Tigers
by Ravi

Tigers face the danger of extinction as their population has drastically decreased from 40,000 to just 4000 or may be less than that. The cause of such a big decline is inexorable poaching and clearing of habitat for agriculture. The biggest threat to tigers in India is depletion of their chief prey like deer, wild pigs and wild cattle. As a result, although about 300,000 square kilometres of tiger habitat still remains, much of it is empty of tigers because there is not enough food for them to survive and breed successfully. According to Dr K. Ullas Karanth, if protected and given sufficient access to abundant prey, tiger population can quickly stabilise. With India’s large network of protected areas and continued funding from conservation groups like the Wildlife Conservation Society, the findings provide hope that tigers can survive extinction in the wild. So there is hope for our tigers.

Article Writing Class 10 Topics Question 9.
Write an article on the topic “Beggars are a Great Nuisance”. You are Rachna/Rachit.
Answer:

Beggars are a Great Nuisance
by Rachit

Almsgiving is considered as a religious act in our country. Our saints and gurus survived on Bhiksha, i.e. Alms. But that was a different tradition sanctioned by the religion. Now it has become a profession and in some cases a crime where abducted children are forced to beg. Some rogues cripple small kids and force them to beg from morning till evening and then snatch all their money. Most of these beggars are able-bodied men and women who can work if they want to, but rather they go for easy money by opting for begging. They like to live an idle life and depend on charity from other people.

These beggars present a very unfortunate and shabby picture of the country. They escort the foreigners asking for money and at times even snatch their bags and belongings and humiliate the country. We should all help the poor people but should make sure not to help those who bring shame to the country.

Article Writing For Class 10 With Answers Question 10.
People in Metro cities face the problem of stray animals. A few heartily want them to be fed, given shelter, loved but some show cruelty towards these speechless creatures. Write an article on how we can tackle this problem.

Answer:

Problem of Stray Animals
by XYZ

Animals have an equal right to live on the earth as the humans But many of us treat them deplorably. In the metros, we do find people kindly treating animals but many find them a nuisance to the society and often the stray animals are pelted with stones to death. Stray animals, no doubt, create a great problem to pedestrians as well as bikers and other vehicle drivers. In fact, we often hear the news of an innocent child or a senior citizen being killed by these stray animals.

There must be a way out to tackle this problem. A great number of organisations like the PETA have come up to help the animals, yet many more such initiatives are required to protect them. Animal shelter homes must be built to keep them. Owner of some animals should be fined if they let their animals roam here and there.

Article Writing Examples For Class 10 Question 11.
Mobile phones are being used both in urban and rural areas. But craze for mobile phones among students has been increasing day by day. They seem busy on mobile phones most of the time. Write : an article on ‘Excessive Use of Mobile’.

Answer:

Excessive Use of Mobile
by XYZ

Mobiles have broken distance barriers where communication is concerned. Both rural and urban dwellers use mobile phones. Though mobiles have made communication easier yet they have become a cause for concern as the youth of the country are obsessed with the gadget. They are found mostly fiddling with their phones, lost in the games, listening to music, sending across messages.

The gadget, though small, has multiple uses keeping the youth engaged and unmindful of the duties he has to attend to. Excess of anything is bad, hence too much of communication also is dangerous as it leaves no room for privacy and personal space thereby disturbing mental peace. Mobile, when used in limits, is a boon to the society. Parents must make their children aware regarding using the mobiles sensibly.

Articles For Class 10 Question 12.
Weekly markets in the residential areas are popular. Local people prefer to visit and buy things at such places because they get them at cheaper rates. Write an article on ‘Weekly Market.
Answer:

Weekly Market
by Robin

Prices touch the sky every day in this age, thus weekly market with its cheap rates holds a major appeal among the people of a locality. These weekly markets have a special place in the hearts of the local people because they are not only a welcome relief from increasing prices and an opportunity to save some money but also a place where they might run into their acquaintances and exchange greetings.

Moreover, the local people have been the residents of the locality since long and share an excellent rapport with the vendors. The weekly market also wears a festive air with its glimmering lamps and bustling crowds. It is a place where a person can find all the things of daily use at reasonable price.

Class 10 Article Writing Question 13.
Water is essential for life on the planet. Wherever there is water there is life. Look at the visual given below and write an article giving your views on, ‘Why it is Important to Save Water’. Suggest ways to save water.

Answer:

Save Water
by ABC

Problem of water scarcity is aggravating day by day. People can feel shortage of water all over the country. If certain measures are not taken to stop this situation, there can be dire consequences. Groundwater level is getting lower and lower as rainwater is not seeping into the earth due to concretization. Water is also getting polluted. People are misusing the water. It’s time to act wisely and conserve water. Traditional methods of conservation of water must be revived. Public should be made aware of the need to save water–a precious resource. Rainwater harvesting is a good idea to recharge the groundwater. Remember, water is life.

Articles Class 10 Question 14.
Internet is a computer–based global information system. The modern day internet, better known as *the “Worldwide Web” has completed two decades of existence. It has brought new opportunities to government, business and education. Write an article on uses of ‘Internet.
Answer:

Internet
by Sohan

Internet has revolutionised communication. It has taken communication to new levels and has affected every aspect of human life. It has broken barriers between countries, communities and castes. People share their important life events with the entire world through several social networking sites, revolutions get stirred up via this medium. Funds are raised when disaster strikes up in one part of the world from the other parts of the world.

People have come closer through the internet. New businesses have cropped due to internet and people are more aware of new developments around the world. Many sites offer you to create your portfolio and let your talent exposed to a number of recruiters. But the most important blessing of the internet is that it has given an easy access to knowledge to one and all. So, careful and judicious use of internet can be advantageous in many ways, but at the same time getting addicted to it may prove harmful too.

Article Writing Questions For Class 10 Question 15.
Air pollution means mixing of harmful gases in air. It is caused by the smoke emitted from factories, vehicles, burning of coal or wood for fuel. It is harmful to human beings, animals and plants. Write an article on harmful effects of pollution.
Answer:

Air Pollution
by Ramit

Air pollution is the pollution of the gaseous layer that surrounds the earth (atmosphere). It is mostly caused by carbon emissions from burning of fuel from cars, plastic, industrial smoke, etc. thereby causing us to fall sick. Air pollution is a big threat to mankind as it has led to the depletion in ozone layer which is responsible for locking the oxygen in the earth and saving the earth from harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun.

Air pollution needs to be fought against as it might lead to the extinction of life on the earth. It can be prevented by controlling the carbon emissions by vehicles and preventing the harmful industrial smoke from mingling into the air. If we want our future generations to be able to breathe in fresh air, we must take some concrete steps.

Article Writing Class 10 Examples Question 16.
On the basis of the following visual write an article on ‘Glaring Disparities in Food Consumption’. You are Bhumi/Badal of Class X.

Answer:

Glaring Disparities in Food Consumption
by Bhumi/Badal

There is a widespread inequality in India. On one hand, we see malnourished children and on the other hand, we see an obese child suffering from overconsumption. Both are suffering, one due to lack of food and the other due to excess consumption of food. One may not live at all and the other will lead a life replete with numerous health problems.

These images bring to mind the difference in the income level of the people in the country, which makes us question further whether there is justice in our economic system. It also teaches us the necessity of not wasting food, as we have no right to throw away the food when many are dying of hunger. If each one of us does our little we might not have any malnourished children in the country.

Article Writing Class 10 Pdf Download Question 17.
You are Anita/Anant of class X. Draft an article on the ‘Significance of Leisure in Your Life’. Take help from the following clues.

Leisure relieves from stress – gives strength to pursue hectic life – people spend their leisure time with their family – play a sport or watch a movie. – leisure to develop our interests and enhance our creativity – sad reality – leisure an unaffordable luxury – no time for it – career and profession prevent us from indulging in leisure – people who have a healthy amount of life are more productive – all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy – should take out time for ourselves.

Answer:

Significance of Leisure in Our Life
by Anita/Anant

Leisure relieves us of stress and gives us the strength to pursue hectic life. Some people spend their leisure time with their family, while others prefer to play a sport or watch a movie. Without leisure we wouldn’t be able to carry on with life. We need leisure to develop our interests and enhance our creativity. Rest helps relaxing and regenerating our body whereas happily spent leisure doing activity of one’s interest rejuvenates the mind and body. But the sad reality is that leisure has become a luxury.

In today’s age, very few of us can afford it. The demands of our career and profession prevent us from indulging in leisure. According to a few studies conducted, the people who possess a healthy life are more productive and hence are better equipped to deal with the problems of life. Remember all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. So we all should make it a point to take out time for ourselves.

Question 18.
You are Vidya/Vijay of class X. Organic farming is a revolution in agriculture and is also a need of the time. Read the following hints and draft an article on ‘Organic farming’.

Organic farming means – farming with only the use of natural substances – no involvement of any chemical or synthetic fertilisers or hybrid fruits and vegetables – organic farming is a healthy option – Organic fruits and vegetables are priced higher than the regular ones – available in the top super markets – can be grown in one’s backyard – in an overpopulated country to cater to the needs of the huge population the farmers have to resort to using artificial substances – organic farming on a large scale is out of question for India – ‘little drops make an ocean’ – do our bit and try and grow our own vegetables in whatever quantities we can.

Answer:

Organic Farming
by Vidya/Vijay

When we say organic farming we mean farming with only the use of natural substances. This means that it doesn’t involve any chemical or synthetic fertilisers or hybrid fruits and vegetables. As we all know that the artificial growth boosters have an adverse effect on health and cause many diseases, organic farming is a healthy option. They can also be grown in one’s backyard areas. India is an overpopulated country and caters to the needs of the huge population the farmers have to use artificial substances. So organic farming on a large scale is out of question for India. But it is said, ‘little drops make an ocean’, so we should all do our bit and try and grow our own vegetables in whatever quantities we can.

Question 19.
You are Rakesh/Reena of Class X. You have read somewhere that positive self–concept is necessary for self–development and a smooth life. We should accept ourselves as we are. Read the following hints and draft an article on ‘Self–acceptance’.

People come in all sorts of shapes and sizes – beauty comes from the fact that they are different with no uniformity – should have the same thinking when we judge ourselves. Should not be harsh to ourselves – should gracefully accept what we perceive to be flaws in ourselves – should not have low self–esteem and low self–confidence – should not dislike anyone for being dark–skinned, fat, short, dumb – see the good qualities – everyone is not perfect – key to joy is self acceptance – a path to a life full of joy – Self–love the best form of love.

Answer:

Self–acceptance
by Rakesh/Reena

People come in all sorts of shapes and sizes. Their beauty comes from the fact that they are different and not uniform. We should have the same thinking when we judge ourselves. We do not gracefully accept what we perceive to be flaws in ourselves. As a result, we have a very low self–esteem and low self–confidence. We try to see the good qualities in others and understand that everyone is not perfect.

Why can’t we be of that kind to ourselves also? Why do we have to make ourselves unhappy about not being perfect when we really don’t expect others to be perfect? The key to joy is self–acceptance. It is a path to a life full of joy. Self–love is after all the best form of love.

Question 20.
You are Radha/Ravi of class X. Write an article on, “God Helps Those Who Help Themselves’. Some hints are given below for your help.

Self–help is the best form of help – align ourselves to receiving divine help – foremost responsibility to do our best in whatever we strive to do – God lends a helping hand. But if lazy, God will not help – God has given us the ability to help ourselves – successful men are the ones who are the most hardworking – toiled hard to fulfil their ambitions – God paved the way for their success – success awaits those who work hard – work hard and please God – make success stories of life.

Answer:

God Helps Those Who Help Themselves
by Radha/Ravi

Self–help is the best form of help. When we do our own work instead of depending upon others, we align ourselves to receiving divine help. Our foremost responsibility as God’s creation is to do our best in whatever we strive to do. Only then God lends a helping hand. But if we choose to be lazy, God will not help us in anyway because He has given us the ability to help ourselves.

If we observe we will see that the most successful men are the ones who are the most hardworking as well. They toiled hard to fulfil their ambitions and God paved the way for their success. Thus, we know success awaits those who work hard. Thus, let us all work hard and let God make success stories of our life.

Question 21.
Games play an important role in our life. They are not only the means of entertainment but keep us physically fit also. Some like indoor games and others outdoor. Write an article keeping in view the importance of games. Take help of the picture given below.

Answer:

Importance of Games
by ABC

Games are a vital part of life, apart from being a source of recreation; they also help us keep physically fit. Medical researchers say that many muscles, which are not normally used by the body, become active when indulged in games like Tennis, Badminton, Squash, and Cricket, etc. Games aren’t simply restricted to outdoor games. There are plenty of indoor games which help in developing one’s mental faculties. We also have computer games which keep the kids engrossed. There are also online games, which have bound a great number of people. Thus, we, the kids, are faced with choice, be it indoor or outdoor.

Question 22.
Absenteeism is a major threat to quality education. If a student is not regular in his school, his all round development is not possible. Draft an article on the topic “Absenteeism is the major cause of falling standards in education”.
Answer:

Absenteeism
by XYZ

Absenteeism is a major threat to quality education. It has been a grave concern over the years. Regular attendance in school is a crucial factor affecting a child’s ability to learn and grow. It is the foundation for further academic and social development. This is why absenteeism in school needs to be addressed from the very beginning.

Students who miss school fall behind their peers in the classroom. This, in turn, leads to low self esteem. Most of the students who are unable to cope with it drop out of school. Absenteeism is a common problem in Indian schools. The causes of absenteeism are many such as health problems, ignorance of parents, school phobia, anxiety, fear of bullying by senior students, etc. There is an urgent need of considering the problem of absenteeism holistically in order to find out its reasons and come up with a solution since education shapes the future of the students as well as the country.

Question 23.
You are Shampa/Sam from High Valley School. Write an article in 100–120 words on the topic “Tobbaco Chewing Should be Banned’ for your school magazine.
Answer:

Tobacco Chewing Should be Banned
by Shampa

Chewing of tobacco causes mouth and throat cancer. Nicotine is a poisonous substance in tobacco. Already the society is battling with several diseases due to unhealthy lifestyle we lead. If we consume a certain product which threatens our lives and adds nothing to it then it is very apt that it should be banned.

We have been taught that our body is a temple, then why allow such hazardous substances into it? People pick bad habits from one another, thus we should stop the spread of bad habits like chewing of tobacco among the people and protect ourselves from dying painfully. It is a burden on our pockets also. Quitting tobacco is the way to good health.

Question 24.
Everyone likes watching TV. Nowadays children are taking more interest in TV programmes than studying. No doubt most of the programmes provide them knowledge and entertainment. But some children learn negative things and practise them in their real life. In this way watching TV can be harmful also. Write an article in 100–120 words on the topic “TV–a Nuisance or Blessing”.

Answer:

TV–A Nuisance or Blessing
by XYZ

With the advent of satellite television, there are a multiple number of channels showing a wide variety of TV shows portraying violence, crime, treachery, alcoholism and western lifestyle which is not a suitable content for the Indian children. There have been many cases where children have aped the behaviour of their onscreen heroes and fallen into life threatening situations. Moreover, most of television contents is tailor–made for adults and is not fit for viewing of children.

Children have developed the bad habit of viewing TV for hours at a stretch thus harming their eyes and wasting time that could be better utilised in other ways. On the other hand there are experts who feel that if TV viewing is regulated it can be of great help. It gives one a chance to know about what is happening in the world. It enhances our knowledge about day to day happenings.

Question 25.
You are Rani/Ronita, a student of Class X. Write an article on the topic “Internet Addiction is Not Good for Health”.

Answer:

Internet Addiction is Not Good for Health
by Rani

Internet addiction is described as an impulse control disorder, which does not involve use of any intoxicating drug and is very similar to a mental health disorder. We all know that addiction of any kind is bad for one’s health. Internet gives us an easy access to many questions which can be answered by the push of a button or typing of some letters but the younger generation is just spoiling their eyesight sitting bent over computer, laptop or I–pad the whole day.

Outdoor activities have almost become nil and people are not ready to use their brains any longer when they can easily get their answers from the net. I strongly feel that this is a serious problem that should be acknowledged by the person addicted to it and he or she must immediately seek help.

Question 26.
High buildings, metro, shopping malls, big parks, wide roads, etc. attract people to live in a metro city. On the other hand traffic jams, pollution, crime, insecurity, etc disappoint them. Write an article on the topic ‘Impact of Development on Life in a Big City’. Take help of visual inputs given below.

Answer:

Impact of Development on Life in Cities
by ABC

Sky rise buildings, sprawling malls, broad roads and fancy parks are the marks of development in big cities. But the development has also cost cities their safety as recent reports have shown the rise of crime in the bigger cities. It has also become less peaceful owing to the hectic lifestyle of the city dwellers.

Also traffic hassles and high pollution level make life in big cities problematic. When natural disasters occur, the big cities are the worst affected as the high buildings, flyovers and other constructions crumble causing destruction of life and property on a large scale. Development has indeed made life unsafe and inconvenient.

Question 27.
It is found that most of the students are pleased with grading system introduced by the CBSE for IX & X classes. But some are not in favour of it. They think that this system will not encourage them to work hard to get full marks as there is no competition left behind. Moreover, teachers may favour particular students. Write an article on the topic “Grading System is a Good System of Evaluation’.
Answer:

Grading System
by ABC

Grading system is a good system of evaluation because the emphasis is not on marks in the system but against the marking system whereby the student is pressurised to attain 90–98%. The system takes off pressure from the student as he doesn’t have to aim at attaining certain marks. The system may be said to be very lenient but in reality it classes students into brackets of achievement thus making it easier for teachers to deal with the student in accordance with the level of his ability.

We all have heard of students who haven’t made it to their favourite courses or colleges due to shortage of a single mark or two. Thus, the grading system eliminates the risk of such a situation.

Factual passages convey information in a straightforward and direct manner about a particular subject. Usually, the language and the style are simple and clear. Factual passages may give instructions or descriptions or report of an event or a new finding.

This grammar section explains English Grammar in a clear and simple way. There are example sentences to show how the language is used. Read class 1 to 10 unseen passage with questions and answers in English

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English will help you to write better answers in your Class 10 exams. Because the Solutions are solved by subject matter experts. https://ncertmcq.com/unseen-passage-for-class-10-factual/

Unseen Passage for Class 11 Factual CBSE With Answers

Factual Passage

As the title ‘Factual suggests the contents of such a passage are a collection of facts put together in a sequential manner. Factual description involves creating a complete mental picture of a particular person, place, object, beings or events. A factual description allows the reader to get a comprehensive view of the subject under discussion. It involves a step by step description of the subject in the best possible manner. In this way, the reader is able to compare or contrast facts, data or other information that is relevant. A factual passage is a detailed description of the physical attributes of the given topic.

Various subjects: ranging from animate to the inanimate have been described to enable the reader to frame an opinion of his own. Such descriptions either provide essential knowledge on the subject matter or provide a means of assessing the worth of the subject. Often it is the description that allows the reader to make judgments for himself. The success of a good description lies in the ability to describe the subject to its nearest accuracy with current information on the same.

Unseen Passage Factual Solved Question for Class 10 CBSE

Factual Passage For Class 10 With Answers

1. Read the following passage carefully:

1. Though terracotta warriors of Xian district in China are one of the most significant archaeological excavations of the twentieth century. It is believed that Qin Shihuangdi (221-207 BC), considered the first emperor of China, ordered the creation of around 7000 life-size clay soldiers in 201 BC to guard his tomb for eternity. The emperor is believed to have unified China during his reign and hence, this army is also considered to be a commemoration of his victories.

2. The sculptures were discovered by a group of farmers in 1974 to the east of Xi’an in the Shaanxi province. While digging a well, the workers found three pits filled with the lifelike figures, which were made of a type of terracotta clay. Experts say that long ago, Emperor Shihuangdi ordered the creation of the clay army, along with a 20-square-mile tomb to house it. Apart from life-size statues of soldiers and horses, weapons which were found such as swords, spears, battle-axes, shields, crossbows, and arrowheads were found to be sharp, coated with chromium oxide which made them resistant to rust and corrosion even after being buried for more than 2000 years.

3. Shen Maosheng, from the Qin Shihuang Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum, said that archaeologists had located another 11 warriors but had not yet begun to excavate or dig up the sculptures.

4. Today, people from around the world visit China to see these terracotta warriors each of whose figures is individually carved. So they have different hairstyles, expressions, and facial features. Inside the pit, the statues are arranged by military rank which means that the higher the rank, the taller is the statue. As the lower half of each soldier is made of solid clay with the upper half being hollow, the figures remain upright.

5. The discovery of the terracotta army is significant as it helps us to understand the economic and social history of that period along with the military hierarchy that existed during that time.

Factual Passage For Class 10

1.1 Answer the following based on your reading of the passage.

(a) The creation of the clay soldiers was ordered by Qin Shihuangdi to guard his tomb and
(b) The terracotta soldiers were discovered by
(c) The weapons found in the pits had neither corroded nor rusted in spite of being buried because
(d) The statues of the terracotta soldiers have not fallen down because
(e) By studying the placement of the soldiers and the excavated town, one can understand the
(f) What was Shen Maosheng’s claim?
(g) Name the weapons found in the Shaanxi province.
(h) Describe the terracotta warriors in China that people come to see from all over the world.

Unseen Passage For Class 10

2. Read the following passage carefully:

1. By generating a means of employment for people with excellent artistic abilities and incredible imagination, the animation industry is growing into a multi-crore industry with vast career prospects. The animation is the linking and the manipulation of still images to create an illusion of motion. Images, graphics, text, and audio are brought together to create a live moving picture on the screen. Thus the animator, who is an expert in animation art, gives life to a character using a blend of imagination and technology.

2. Aspirant animators must have a passion and a flair for drawing and creative imagination. In addition, they must also possess an advanced level of technological understanding. An animator must have good communication skills because the field requires him to meet and interact with a large number of people.

3. In the present scenario, animation has a plethora of opportunities in areas like films, cartoons, advertisements, television, and product designing. The animation industry can be broadly classified into categories like 3D and 2D animation, gaming, multimedia, web designing, and visual effects.

4. In India, the animation industry is growing immensely thus making the country a destination for the outsourcing of animation work. The reasons for this mainly are skilled workers and low cost of production besides the rise of the gaming industry. Apart from this, the Indian audience is showing keen interest in animated movies and commercials which has led several production houses to produce a greater number of animated movies.

5. Being aware of the increasing popularity of the animation industry, educational institutions across the country are beginning to include animation courses in their programme. A number of animation institutes have also come up in India which will help students both in grooming their creative skills as well as in their placements.

6. The magical world of animation is thus becoming one of the fastest and most lucrative industries in India. Despite a humble start in the year 1974 with the educational animation film ‘Ek Anek Aur Ekta’, the animation industry in India is a well-established career option today.

Factual Passage Class 10

2.1 Provide answers to the following questions based on your reading of the passage in your own words.

Each blank in questions l(a)-(d) carries 1 mark and questions (e)-(g) also carry 1 mark each. Answer questions worth 8 marks. (8 marks)

(a) List some reasons for the growth of the Animation Industry in India. A few reasons have been listed for you.
(i) presence of people with artistic abilities and imagination
(ii) ……………………………………………….
(iii) ……………………………………………….
(iv) rise of the gaming industry
(v) ……………………………………………….

(b) State the qualities a good animator must possess.
(i) passion and flair for drawing
(ii) must have a ……………………………………………….
(iii) ……………………………………………….
(iv) must possess an advanced level of ……………………………………………….
(v) must have good communication skills

(c) What has the growth of the animation industry led to?
(i) inclusion of ……………………………………………….
(ii) establishment ……………………………………………….

(d) List a few categories of the animation industry.
(i) 3D
(ii) 2D
(iii) gaming
(iv) ……………………………………………….
(v) ……………………………………………….
(vi) ……………………………………………….

(e) When did the animation industry in India begin?
(f) Name the first animated film made in India.
(g) List some areas that animators have opportunities in.

Unseen Passage For Class 10 With Answers 2021 

3. Read the following passage carefully:

1. Every individual wants peace of mind. But it is hard to find a person who can say that he has attained such a state of mental equilibrium as will allow him to live a life of tranquility. Peace of mind is a distant dream for all of us. What is the reason for this? The reason is that people hanker after ideal peace, that is, pure peace–a peace that is free from all kinds of non–peace items.

2. But this kind of absolute peace is not in nature’s storehouse. Let us take the analogy of the rose. A rose is a very beautiful flower, but every stem has its thorns. Indeed, thorns are an integral part of the rose plant. A poet has rightly said that thorns serve as security guards for the flower. The translation of his Urdu lines is: “The safety of the flower would become impossible if the thorns were silk-like.’ So flowers have to be accompanied by thorns. There must be hard thorns along with soft flowers–that is, there must be non–peace items along with peaceful items. A peaceful mind is a very precious aspect of human nature and it too needs safety to maintain its sublime quality.

3 Studies in psychology show that an untroubled mind very soon becomes stagnant. It loses its creativity. For this reason, nature always leads people in challenging situations. It is a non–peace item which acts as a challenge for the mind. This guarantees that the creativity of a peaceful mind never comes to an end. A creative mind is always alive.

4 It is a common phenomenon that one who is born in affluence and has a problem–free life, very soon finds his mind becoming dull, while the one who is born into a life of problems and hardships, has an active mind. Such a person develops the creative thinking and his intellectual development continues unhindered.

5. Here, I would like to cite personal experience, concerning a politician who had two sons. He loved one of his sons very much. He got this son married to someone of his choice and presented him with a farmhouse in which to live a life of comfort, just as he pleased. I met this son and conversed with him. It seemed as if I were talking to a dull person. He did tell some jokes but could not utter a word of wisdom. I have met the other son also. He was not given a comfortable life by his father and so left town for another place. After a few years of struggle, he emerged as a successful person. When I met him, I found that his whole conversation was full of wisdom.

Factual Unseen Passage 

Attempt the following questions on the basis of the passage you have read:

(a) It is a distant dream for all of us ………………………..
(i) Peace of mind
(ii) fulfilling our ambition
(iii) meeting our targets
(iv) climbing the mountains
Answer:
(i)

(b) The security guards for the flowers are ………………………..
(i) gardens
(ii) other plants
(ii) thorns
(iv) roots
Answer:
(iii)

(c) Thorns are an integral part of a rose plant. (True/False)
Answer:
True

(d) Nature always leads people into challenging situations. (True/False)
Answer:
True

(e) People who are born in ………………………. have a problem-free life.
Answer:
affluence

(f) People hanker after ………………………. peace.
Answer:
ideal/absolute

(g) Psychology studies show that an untroubled mind soon becomes ………………………..
Answer:
stagnant

(h) Find the word from the passage which means the same as “very far”. (para 1)
Answer:
distant

Unseen Passage Class 10

4. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.

1. “Music expresses that which cannot be put into words and that which cannot remain silent,” said the French poet Victor Hugo. Early on Saturday morning, 20 participants of the Times Passion: Sufi Poetry and Music Appreciation Trail embarked on a journey into this ineffable nature of Sufi music through the streets of the capital.

2. The weekend passion trail started with a heritage walk at the Bada Batashewala Mahal and then moved on to the chilla of Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya, where the iconic saint is said to have lived for around 65 years. The walk was filled with facts on the historical significance of these places.

3. Serendipitously, the day, January 30, was also the final day of celebrations of the 712th urs of Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya. On the occasion, the trail participants visited the Nizamuddin Auliya dargah, where they offered a chadar, participated in the prayers of the Fadia ceremony, and listened to qawwali renditions.

4. The trail was led by Dhruv Sangari, a well–known Sufi singer who began training in classical music at the age of seven. Having developed an interest in Sufism, he also trained under the late Ustad Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan Saheb and has been performing professionally since 2001 with his troupe Rooh.

5. The heritage walk was followed by a session on Sufi poetry and music, where Sangari introduced the participants to the message of peace and love that Sufism delivers. Sufism is a mystical dimension that focuses on the purification of oneself. This aspect is felt strongly in Sufi music too… The famous Persian poet and Sufi master, Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi, once said, “I want to sing like the birds sing, not worrying about who hears or what they think.”

6. Sangari’s session also featured revelatory anecdotes from the lives of Sufi saints like Baba Bulleshah, and their links to the origin of popular Sufi poetry. “This was my first heritage walk and Sufi trail in Delhi and I was completely hooked. Dhruv made all the difference,” said Renuka Mahajan, a participant.

7. The passion trail culminated with a musical rendition by Sangari and his troupe where they performed popular Sufi songs like ‘Chhap Tilak Sab Chheen’ and ‘Dama Dam Mast Kalandar’.

8. “I was moved to witness in the eyes of the participants the joy of having felt something profound,” said the trail architect himself.

Factual Passages 

Attempt the following questions on the basis of the passage you have read:

(a) At Nizamuddin Auliya’s dargah, the trail participants offered ……………………………
(i) flowers
(ii) clothes
(ii) chaddar
(iv) eatables
Answer:
(iii)

(b) The person who spoke on the Sufism and the message of peace and love at the meet is ……………………………
(i) Dhruv Sangari
(ii) Ustad Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan
(iii) Renuka Mahajan
(iv) Rumi
Answer:
(i)

(c) Ustad Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan trained Sangari. (True/False)
Answer:
True

(d) Victor Hugo was an American poet. (True/False)
Answer:
False

(e) Dhruv Sangari began training in classical music at the age of ten. (True/False)
Answer:
False

(f) The heritage walk was followed by a session on sufi music and poetry. (True/False)
Answer:
True

(g) Find the word from the passage which means the same as “making people aware of something”. (para 6)
Answer:
revelatory

(h) Find the word from the passage which means the same as “too great to be expressed in words”. (para 1)
Answer:
ineffable

5. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.

1. What makes a place sacred? A place where meditation is practised over many years automatically acquires certain powers. The place gets charged with the energy and vibrations from peaceful thoughts. Depending on the intensity of meditators, the sanctity and power of a particular place can thus remain charged, exuding powerful vibrations, for thousands of years. The Parshvanath Hills is one such place. Twenty–two of the 24 Jain Tirthankaras attained nirvana on this hill, and these enlightened persons were separated by thousands of years.

2. When a Tirthankara leaves his body, the equivalent of an atomic explosion takes place. The energy that united body and soul is released. This power is dispersed on the hill. The whole atmosphere and surroundings get surcharged. What the Parshvanath Hills are to the Jains, the Ganga is to the Hindus.

3. Lord Krishna said, “Among the armed, I am like Ram; I am like a crocodile among fish and the Ganga among rivers. Dear Arjuna, I am the beginning, the end and even the middle of existence”. The symbolism of the Ganga is worth understanding. Take away the Ganga from India and all the literature of India will become incomplete. Take away the Ganga and the names of many sages will perish; the spirit of pilgrimage will be lost. The Ganga has become the symbol of our collective spirit.

4 What is so special about the Ganga? There are rivers that are much longer, wider, larger, than the Ganga on this planet – the Brahmaputra, the Amazon, the Nile and the Hwang Ho… There is something unique about the Ganga that is not found in any of these great rivers: despite all the pollutants being pumped into the Ganga, it has somehow managed to maintain its relative purity. Chemically, it contains extraordinary properties –– its water does not putrefy or deteriorate even if kept bottled for long, unlike the water from other rivers. It is interesting to know that the water of the Ganga has properties different from those of other rivers but which seem to undergo a mystical change once they flow into the Ganga’s waters. This is a mystery that even science has not been able to understand, as yet.

Attempt the following questions on the basis of the passage you have read:

(a) The Ganga symbolizes ……………………….. .
(i) purity
(ii) faith
(iii) collective spirit
(iv) all of the above
Answer:
(iv)

(b) The place which acquires certain powers is ……………………….. .
(i) where music is played
(ii) where meditation is practised
(iii) where there are statues idols
(iv) where bells keep ringing
Answer:
(ii)

(c) Water of the Ganga has properties different from those of other rivers. (True/False)
Answer:
True

(d) Twenty of the 24 Jain Tirthankaras attained ‘nirvana’ on the Parshvanath Hills. (True/False)
Answer:
False

(e) The four rivers as mentioned in the passage are ……………………….. .
Answer:
The Ganga, The Brahmaputra, the Amazon, and the Nile.

(f) Complete the analogy. What the Parshvanath Hills are to the Jains, ……………………….. .
Answer:
the Ganga is to the Hindus.

(g) All the literature of India will become incomplete if we take away ……………………….. .
Answer:
the Ganga

(h) Find the word from the passage which means the same as “to become worse”. (para 4)
Answer:
deteriorate

6. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.

1. All along a 450–mile stretch of west coast America is the home of the tallest trees in the world. Once, in this narrow hinterland of the Pacific Coast, from central California to southern Oregon, were two million acres of these trees, the Coast Redwood. Today there are just a few hundred acres of them in Redwood Belt’s scattering of State Parks, protected forest reserves amidst which are stands of the giants.

2. About 25 miles due south of San Jose and the heart of Silicon Valley is one of the smaller of these stands, just 40 acres in the midst of the 4650–acre Henry Cowell Redwoods State Park. And there I found myself one morning not so long ago peering up to spot the tops of trees that seemed to be touching the skies. All I got was a crick in the neck. A tip for other Escapists’: Stick to looking at the thick and rough-barked trunks.

3. But even looking at a trunk when you try to grab a view of The Giant’s trunk from close can be quite a challenge. The Giant, the star of the Park, has a trunk with a circumference of over 50 feet and a diameter of 17 feet. Maybe you can, but I couldn’t take it all in. Nor could I come anywhere near taking in the whole 275 feet of the Giant’s height. Once the tallest Redwood, it lost its title when a storm several years ago knocked down 75 feet of its top to bring it to its present height. But it’ll need the mother of all storms for its record of being the oldest tree in the park – an estimated 2000–plus years old – to be knocked down.

4. You wonder at such a giant growing from a tiny seed; 100,000 seeds to a pound will give you an idea of how tiny! You wonder too about the marvel of a root system that sinks only six to twelve feet holding up such giants till the Range you are talking to explain that the roots spread laterally and intertwine with the roots of other Redwoods to create a carpet.

Attempt the following questions on the basis of the passage you have read:

(a) The Redwood forests are protected because of……………………….. .
(i) they are very old
(ii) they deserve the status of National Parks
(iii) they are worth a visit
(iv) all of the above
Answer:
(iv)

(b) The Giant’s height once was ……………………….. .
(i) 265 feet
(ii) 250 feet
(iii) 275 feet
(iv) 270 feet
Answer:
(ii)

(c) A storm had brought down the height of the tallest tree to its present height. (True/False)
Answer:
True

(d) The author got a crick in the neck while looking at the tall trees. (True/False)
Answer:
True

(e) The tallest trees in the world are spread over a ……………………….. . stretch of West Coast America.
Answer:
450–mile

(f) The Giant has a trunk with a circumference of over ……………………….. and a diameter of ……………………….. .
Answer:
50 feet, 17 feet

(g) One wonders at such a giant growing from a tiny
Answer:
seed

(h) Find the word from the passage which means the same as “to be filled with wonder”. (para 4)
Answer:
marvel

7. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.

1. Mind management is a way to control one’s mind. To do this, we need to be cautious about our thinking process and also need a high level of understanding and meditation as well. Understanding is wisdom – 80 percent of people are knowledgeable, while 20 per cent are wise. Knowledgeable men take sides without reason. They feel sad seeing deprived people but jealous when they see happy people. They work in the guidance of others’ inspiration, take unnecessary responsibility to keep themselves disturbed.

2. A wise person does not stand for or against any idea without concrete reason. He works according to the situation and capacity. He looks at everything intellectually. To him, failure is a stepping stone for future success. So depression and conflict are not seen. Like the phrase ‘Stop, Look, Go’, first one should see, and this needs patience. Meditation is necessary to control and manage mind which then becomes an easy task.

3. Unless we control or manage our mind, it is difficult to achieve success and peace. Psychologists say every interest is first born in the mind as a seed. Then it continues to grow. Later it takes its real form which everybody can see. The interest that first appears in the mind remains weak for the first three minutes and it becomes strong within the next five minutes. All the negative aspects should be deleted within the first three minutes. If not taken out, they would become stronger later and you can never throw them out. After taking control over the mind, we can control passion, interest and unrest. Mind management is essential for a peaceful, successful and healthy life.

4. The age of computers has thrown us on the escalator of aspirations but has robbed us of simple charms like falling asleep. The compulsions of hectic schedules burden the mind and cause stress. However, the joys that elude us can be regained by practising power meditation. It creates tranquillity, simplifies life and cleanses the mind. It helps control indolence, ego and anger and builds confidence and patience. With power meditation, negative thoughts get dissipated and a sense of happiness is achieved.

Attempt the following questions on the basis of the passage you have read:

(a) Mind management is essential …………………………
(i) for a peaceful, successful, and a healthy life
(ii) to remain fit
(iii) for a wealthy life
(iv) to dominate others
Answer:
(i)

(b) Traits exhibited by knowledgeable people are …………………………
(i) they take sides without reason
(ii) they are sympathetic to the deprived people
(iii) they are jealous of happy people
(iv) all of the above
Answer:
(iv)

(c) Mind management is a way to control one’s mind. (True/False)
Answer:
True

(d) Understanding is wisdom. (True/False)
Answer:
True

(e) A wise person feels jealous sometimes. (True/False).
Answer:
False

(f) The age of computers has robbed us of simple charms of life. ……………………….. .
Answer:
True

(g) Psychologists say that every ‘interest is first born in the mind as a .
Answer:
seed

(h) Find the word from the passage which means the same as “based on facts, not on ideas”. (para 2)
Answer:
concrete

8. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.

A Purpose In Life

1. A noble purpose gives meaning to one’s own life and is of benefit to others. I realised this when researching on and writing about the life of Jamsetji Tata. What gave one man living in a colonised country the vision to advance it in the community of nations? He not only gave India the power of steel and hydroelectric energy, but also an institution of research.

2. He sent an educationist to Europe and the United States to report on what should be the best model for India. The Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore was recommended as the model. But Jamsetji made it a point to see that his name was not associated with the university. After his death, his dream came true with the establishment of the Indian Institute of Science in Bengaluru. It was to be the fountainhead of science in the decades to come.

3. There are others too whose purpose in life has made a difference to society. Mother Teresa had a comfortable life at Loretto Convent, Kolkata. On a train journey to Darjeeling, she felt her ‘calling and wanted to give up her comfortable life in the convent and serve the poor and the needy.

4. After that, she took a three–month nursing course and returned to Kolkata. She devoted her time to the sick and the homeless. Touched by her sacrifice, some of her students joined her and work began. Not everyone has such a strong calling. When I asked her how one could be sure of one’s calling, she replied, “Deep down in our hearts we know exactly what our calling is, if we are sincere.”

5. One’s purpose is shaped over a period of time, but every noble purpose is based on a feeling for the suffering of others and a desire for alleviating that condition. Some years ago, in Kerala, a young man saw his father join Gandhiji and fight for opening temples to the HarijAnswer: When he grew up, the boy decided to take up agricultural studies, because he had seen the havoc caused by the Bengal famine. He went to Europe and studied agriculture. On his return to India, he spearheaded the Green Revolution. Dr. M.S. Swaminathan demonstrates how purpose intensifies with time.

Attempt the following questions on the basis of the passage you have read:

(a) Jamsetji Tata sent an educationist to Europe and the United States because he wanted …………………………
(i) him to go abroad
(ii) the educationist to be away from him
(iii) him to understand the model best suited for India
(iv) to send him for a vacation
Answer:
(iii)

(b) When mother Teresa felt her “calling’ she was on her way to …………………………
(i) Darjeeling
(ii) Dehradun
(iii) Delhi
(iv) Dimapur
Answer:
(i)

(c) Mother Teresa took a six–month training course. (True/False)
Answer:
False

(d) A noble purpose gives meaning to one’s life. (True/False)
Answer:
True

(e) Mother Teresa served the sick and the homeless in …………………………
Answer:
Kolkata

(f) We all know what our ……………………….. is if we are sincere.
Answer:
calling

(g) Dr. M.S. Swaminathan spearheaded the ……………………….. Revolution.
Answer:
Green

(h) Find the word from the passage which means the same as “to make something less severe”. (para 5)
Answer:
alleviate

9. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.

1. Diabetes is a metabolism abnormality that affects the way your body uses blood sugar (glucose), your main source of energy. To understand diabetes, you have to start from the beginning – with food. Your body converts a portion of the food you eat and digest into glucose. Glucose is then absorbed into your bloodstream, where it can enter the individual cells of tissue throughout your body to be used as energy. Before your cells will let glucose in, however, they need the help of insulin.

2. Insulin is a hormone produced by your pancreas – a gland located just behind your stomach. Normally, insulin acts like a master key, unlocking the doors of your cells and allowing glucose inside. To simply maintain this process, such as at night when you’re asleep, the pancreas releases a low level of insulin on a constant basis. When necessary, such as after a meal, your pancreas increases insulin supply to meet demand.

3. After you eat a meal or a snack, your pancreas releases more insulin to make sure the extra glucose in your bloodstream can enter your cells. If you have more glucose than you need, your body can remove the excess from your blood and store it in your liver and muscles or convert it to fat. Then, when you run low on fuel, your body can release this stored energy back into your bloodstream, where insulin is waiting to usher it into your cells.

4. If you have diabetes, this whole process goes awry. Instead of entering cells throughout your body, excess glucose builds up in your bloodstream and some of it may eventually be excreted in your urine. This can happen when your pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin (Type 1 diabetes), when your cells have become resistant to the effects of insulin (Type 2 diabetes) or, more commonly, when both of these problems occur.

Attempt the following questions on the basis of the passage you have read:

(a) Diabetes is a ……………………….. .
(i) nervous disorder
(ii) metabolic disorder
(iii) throat disorder
(iv) physical disorder
Answer:
(ii)

(b) If your body does not produce sufficient insulin you have ……………………….. .
(i) type 2 diabetes
(ii) jaundice
(iii) type 1 diabetes
(iv) iron deficiency
Answer:
(iii)

(c) Diabetes is related to the sugar intake of your food. (True/False)
Answer:
True

(d) Secretions of pancreas decrease during the night. (True/False)
Answer:
False

(e) Glucose from food gets absorbed in our ……………………….. .
Answer:
bloodstream

(f) Pancreas produces the hormone ……………………….. .
Answer:
insulin

(8) Find the word from the passage which means the same as “change from one form to another”. (para 1)
Answer:
convert

(h) Find the word from the passage which means the same as “regular”. (para 2)
Answer:
constant

10. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.

1. Few guessed that this quiet, parentless girl growing up in New York City would one day become the First Lady of the United States. Even fewer thought she would become an author and lecturer and a woman much admired and loved by people throughout the world.

2. Born Anna Eleanor Roosevelt in 1884 to wealthy, but troubled parents who both died while she was young, Roosevelt was cared for by her grandmother and sent to school in England. In 1905, she married her distant cousin, Franklin Delano Roosevelt. She and her husband had six children. Although they were wealthy, her life was not easy and she suffered several personal tragedies. Her second son died when he was a baby. In 1921 her strong athletic husband was stricken with polio, which left him physically disabled for life.

3. Eleanor Roosevelt was a remarkable woman who had great intelligence and tremendous strength of character. She never let things get her down. She nursed her husband back to good health and encouraged him to remain in politics. She then helped him to become governor of New York, and in 1933, president of United States.

4. While he was president, she took a great interest in all the affairs of the country. She became her husband’s legs and eyes, she visited prisons and hospitals; she went down into mines, up scaffoldings, and into factories. Roosevelt was tireless and daring. During the depression she travelled all over the country bringing goodwill, reassurance, and help to people without food and jobs. During World War II she visited American soldiers in camps all over the world. The United States had never known a First Lady like her.

5. Roosevelt also kept in touch with the American people through a daily newspaper column called “My Day”. She broadcast on the radio and delivered lectures, all firsts for a First Lady.

Attempt the following questions on the basis of the passage you have read:

(a) Eleanor’s husband was struck by ……………………….. .
(i) polio
(ii) paralysis
(iii) a brain disease
(iv) Parkinson’s disease
Answer:
(i)

(b) Eleanor Roosevelt was ……………………….. .
(i) an author
(ii) a lecturer
(iii) the first lady of the US
(iv) all of the above
Answer:
(iv)

(c) Before becoming the President of the United States, Franklin Roosevelt was the Governor of New York. (True/False)
Answer:
True

(d) Eleanor Roosevelt did not retire even after her husband’s death. (True/False)
Answer:
True

(e) When Eleanor was young, after her parents’ death, she was cared for by her ……………………….. .
Answer:
grandmother

(f) Eleanor married her distant cousin ……………………….. .
Answer:
Franklin Delano Roosevelt

(g) The daily newspaper column through which Eleanor Roosevelt kept in touch with people was
Answer:
“My Day

(h) Find the word from the passage which means the same as “huge”. (para 3)
Answer:
tremendous

11. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.

1. January 26 is celebrated as Republic Day in our country. It was on this day, in 1950, the new constitution of independent India came into force and India became a democratic republic. The Constituent Assembly headed by Dr. Rajendra Prasad, with Dr. BR Ambedkar as the Chairman of the Drafting Committee, took more than two years to bring the world’s lengthiest constitution to its final shape.

2. The enormous task before the Constituent Assembly was to frame the basic law that would formalize India as a truly democratic nation. Democracy is aptly defined as a system of Government by the people, for the people and of the people. The founding fathers of the Constitution, therefore had to ensure that the basic law of the land contained sufficient provisions for the fulfilment of the democratic aspirations of the people of India not only in the political sphere, but also in the social and economic spheres. That explains the inclusion of a separate part in the Constitution, called the Directive Principles of State Policy.

3. These principles signify the fact that the framers of the Constitution were well aware of the wide gaps and inequalities that existed among the various sections of the Indian population. The Constitution makers had the wisdom to appreciate that political democracy is meaningless when an overwhelming majority of the population is historically trapped in poverty, illiteracy, ill–health and superstition. The Central and State Governments were expected to frame policies so that every citizen is assured of a decent living standard irrespective of sex, caste, religion, language and region.

4. The makers of our Constitution describe India as a Union of States and not as a federation. Being well conversant with the diversity of the nation in terms of the language, religion, caste and region, and its implications on the intended socio–economic development of the country as a whole, the makers of the Constitution opted for a political system in which the Central Government is equipped with overwhelming administrative, legislative and financial muscle. Most of the nations’ policies and programmes for socio-economic development originate at the Central Government, and the responsibility for their successful implementation is entrusted to the states.

Attempt the following questions on the basis of the passage you have read:

(a) The programmes for the socio-economic development originate at …………………………
(i) state level
(ii) regional level
(iii) district level
(iv) central government level
Answer:
(iv)

(b) The British had left behind
(i) a developed India
(ii) a wealthy India
(iii) a poverty-stricken, illiterate India
(iv) a strong and healthy India
Answer:
(iii)

(c) The new constitution of independent India came into force in 1950 on 26th January. (True/False)
Answer:
True

(d) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was not part of the drafting committee. (True/False)
Answer:
False

(e) The constitution framers were not aware of the gaps and inequalities that existed among the Indian population. (True/False) Answer:
False

(f) The constitution-makers describe India as a Union of states and not as a …………………………
Answer:
federation

(g) The constitution-makers took more than two years to bring the world’s ……………………….. . constitution to its final shape.
Answer:
lengthiest

(h) Find the word from the passage which means the same as “recognize the good quality of somebody”. (para 3)
Answer:
appreciate

12. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.

Hyderabad The City Of Nizams

1. Golconda Fort
In the 16th century, when Golconda was the capital of the Qutb Shahi Kingdom, it is believed that a shepherd boy came across an idol on the hill. It was then that the Kakatiya dynasty’s ruler built this fort. The fort is 120 m high. After it was captured by Aurangazeb, the Mughal emperor, the fort fell into ruins. The beautiful ruins of the fort have a story to tell. They make you wonder how the fort may have looked in its days of glory and grandeur. The fort also hosts a sound and light show every day, and the history of this fort is narrated in such an interesting manner that even a child can understand and enjoy it. The climb to the fort is a tedious one and unless you are physically fit, you should avoid the climb and relax in the gardens below. The view from the top is breathtaking and should suffice as a counter–an incentive to laziness.

2. Charminar
The next place to visit is the Charminar. The literal meaning of this monument is ‘four minarate’. is a mosque on the second floor. It is said that when the state was engulfed by the plague, Sultan Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah, the fifth ruler of the Qutb Shahi dynasty, prayed to end the plague and promised to build a mosque in the very place where he was praying. Thus, Charminar came into being! The walk from the bottom to the top of the monument is a little spooky, owing to the narrowness of the pathway and the steepness of the steps. Once you reach the top after successfully negotiating the tiers of balconies, the view of the crowds bustling below will surely lift your spirits. Make sure you visit the nearby Laad Bazaar, where there are rows of shops selling the famous Hyderabadi glass bangles and lac bangles.

3. Salar Jung Museum
The Salar Jung Museum is the third largest museum in the country and boasts of owning the biggest one-man collection of antiques in the world. A visit to the Salar Jung Museum is a must, even if you are not a fan of antique stuff. You can view the Nizam’s collection of textiles, arms, metalware, ivory carvings, Indian bronzes, and carpets.

The main attraction is definitely the Musical Clock, made by Cook and Kelvy of England. Inside the clock is a timekeeper. Every hour, he comes out and beats a gong as many times as the time indicates. Another attraction at the museum is the Veiled Rebecca, an amazing sculpture made by the Italian sculptor, Giovanni Maria Benzoni.

Attempt the following questions on the basis of the passage you have read:

(a) Golconda was the capital of the Qutab Shahi kingdom in the ………………………..
(i) 15th century
(ii) 16th century
(iii) 17th century
(iv) 14th century
Answer:
(ii)

(b) The main attraction in the Salar Jung Museum is …………………………
(i) metalware
(ii) collection of carpets
(iii) musical clock
(iv) ivory carvings
Answer:
(iii)

(c) Veiled Rebecca is kept in the Golconda fort. (True/False)
Answer:
False

(d) Laad Bazaar famous for its glass and lac bangles is near Charminar. (True/False)
Answer:
True

(e) ……………………….. ruler decided to build a fort on the hill.
Answer:
Kakatiya

(f) The Mughul ruler ……………………….. attacked and captured the fort which led to its ruin.
Answer:
Aurangazeb

(g) ‘Four minarates’ is the meaning of the word ………………………..
Answer:
‘Charminar

(h) Find the word from the passage which means the same as “the quality of being great”. (para 1)
Answer:
grandeur

13. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.

1. When one thinks about predators, one thinks about power. Hyena, Great White Shark, and Sea Hawk–all pack a powerful punch. Their powerful muscles are critical for hunting but before anyone of them can eat, they each have to find and follow their chosen prey, which isn’t always easy.

2. Hyena has phenomenally powerful jaws and one of the strongest bites in the world. With a force of half a ton, they can crush bones like us munching popcorn. They eat the bone, the hair, even hooves, horns, and teeth. Hyena’s milk is a very special jam-packed with energy and four times richer than cow’s milk. But it takes a lot for mum to make such nutritious milk and without a decent meal, the supplies run low. Hyenas can take down prey more than three times their size.

3. Great White Shark with rows of razor-sharp teeth, the super heavyweight fish can deliver a bite of two tons. And sharks are powerful swimmers too, with bursts of speed of 25 miles an hour they can ambush their prey, capture them completely unawares. Great white sharks live alone. They can go for three months without food. They are the ultimate predator when it comes to swimming. They have special scales called denticles. These denticles reduce drag and their torpedo-shaped body means they are super streamlined cutting through the water with ease.

4. Osprey also known as Sea Hawk or fish Hawk, may only weigh the same as a bag of sugar, but Osprey can still pack one heck of a punch. They’re the ultimate fishermen and their incredible power lies in their flight muscles. After smashing into the water at up to 45 miles an hour, they have to take off from the water carrying a fish that can weight as much as they do. When there are hungry chicks to feed, dad does most of the hunting leaving mum to serve up dinner back at the nest. Plunging under water is seriously dangerous especially when one can’t swim. That’s why the bird needs those powerful flight muscles to haul itself back out of the water. Ospreys fly between Canada and South America every year to find the best fishing spots.

Attempt the following questions on the basis of the passage you have read:

(a) When we think of predators, we think of ……………………….. .
(i) weakness
(ii) weight
(iii) hunger
(iv) power
Answer:
(iv)

(b) Osprey just might weigh the same as a bag of ……………………….. .
(i) sugar
(ii) salt
(iii) sand
(iv) cotton
Answer:
(i)

(c) Hyena have extremely powerful jaws. (True/False)
Answer:
True

(d) The sharks are not powerful swimmers. (True/False)
Answer:
False

(e) Ospreys fly between Canada and South America every year. (True/False)
Answer:
True

(f) Hyena’s milk is four times richer than ……………………….. milk.
Answer:
cow’s

(g) Great white sharks have special scales called …………………………
Answer:
denticles

(h) Find the word from the passage which means the same as “an animal that kills and eats other animals”. (para 3)
Answer:
Predators

14. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.

1. Chromotherapy is based on the fact that various lights have definitive energy bands and are linked to various organs of the body, and can help to heal them. The body has been divided into seven chakras or seven colours. For instance, it begins with the colour red going up to the head where violet is present. Their effects are also varied. Here, red works for vegetative functioning of the body, green is the centre around the heart and violet and blue represent mind related energy or spiritual energy or the cognitive energy of the body. This form of alternative therapy provides light to specific organs of the body, in order to heal them.

2. This form of therapy has no side–effects. It can heal cataract, leukemia, anxiety and panic, among other things. But it has so far only been used as a supportive treatment. But let us not forget that there is definite interest in its scientific principles across the globe.

3. An interesting study that defines the reasons behind anxiety explains that changes in the biological clock leads to neurohormonal imbalance causing disorders. Croatian scientists suggest that “Chromotherapy can regulate neurohormonal balance in human brain by activating or inhibiting complex physiological, biological and biochemical processes in human brain such as synthesis of various neurohormones”.

4. It is primarily based on Einstein’s theory that body has energy correlate outside it and if this energy correlate is brought in contact with the organ, it can actually heal the body. This includes all forms of mental or personality disorders.

5. While different colours have different frequencies and respond differently when applied to body parts, a few pointers could help next time you feel ‘blue’. For instance, the colour orange is best for people suffering from digestive ailments and those with weak immune systems. Red works for increasing blood circulation and stimulating the body and mind. Consumption of yellow coloured fruits and vegetables energizes the muscles and nerves and is also beneficial to those suffering from paralysis.

Attempt the following questions on the basis of the passage you have read:

(a) The unique thing about this theory is that ………………………..
(i) It is transparent
(ii) It is elaborative
(iii) It has no side effects
(iv) It deals with disorders
Answer:
(iii)

(b) Neurohormones are ……………………….. .
(i) chemicals created in the stomach
(ii) hormones created in the bloodstream
(iii) hormones created in the reproductive parts
(iv) hormones created in the brain
Answer:
(iv)

(c) The colour orange is considered best for people suffering from digestive ailments. (True/False)
Answer:
True

(d) This form of therapy can be used as a supportive treatment. (True/False)
Answer:
True

(e) Chromotherapy is based on the fact that various lights have definitive ………………………..
Answer:
energy

(f) Red colour works for the vegetative functioning of the ……………………….
Answer:
body

(g) ……………………….. colour is the centre around the heart.
Answer:
Green

(h) Find the word from the passage which means the same as “to become ………………………..
Answer:
heal

15. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.

1. Both water and energy are integral parts of the human body. By weight, about 60% of an adult’s human body is water and dehydration is one of the biggest single killers of children in the modern world. Life without water is unthinkable.

2. The human body needs its daily intake of food to meet its energy requirements, which according to the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations is about 1,800 kcal per day. Life without energy is equally unthinkable.

3. The energy that we take in through food again depends, amongst other things, on the water for agriculture, and often that water is pumped with electrical or other forms of energy. The interdependence of energy and water is evident.

4. The world at large seeks both water and energy security. The Worldwatch Institute estimates that about 1.1 billion people (one–fifth of the world population) live in areas of physical water scarcity and another 1.6 billion are facing economic water shortage (when existing water sources cannot be used because of a lack of investment in water-related infrastructure). We will probably have a world population of 9 billion by 2050 and this will put further stress on the water sourcing and supply systems. Here again the connection between energy and water is evident: globally about 70% of water consumption is for the agricultural sector. No water, no food, no energy.

5. Actions needed on the waterfront include a reduction in water usage for agriculture (pump efficiencies, drip irrigation instead of flood irrigation, change in crop patterns), recycling of water, extensive rainwater harvesting programmes, stoppage of run–offs and water pollution.

6. We need to remind ourselves that the fossil-based energy that we rely on so much for almost everything we do is stored solar energy. And while the sun took over 150 million years to store its energy in the form of fossil fuels, we are busy discharging that huge solar battery in a matter of a few hundred years.

Attempt the following questions on the basis of the passage you have read:

(a) By weight, an adult human body contains about ……………………….. water.
(i) 60%
(ii) 65%
(iii) 70%
(iv) 75%
Answer:
(i)

(b) The interdependence of ……………………….. is evident.
(i) energy and food
(ii) food and water
(iii) energy and light
(iv) energy and water
Answer:
(iv)

(c) By 2050, the increase in population will put stress on the water and supply system. (True/False)
Answer:
True

(d) Human beings are utilizing fossil fuel very fast. (True/False)
Answer:
True

(e) Not many children die of dehydration in today’s age and time. (True/False)
Answer:
False

(f) Fuel found under the ground such as coal is called ……………………….. fuel.
Answer:
fossil

(g) We get …………………………. from food.
Answer:
energy

(h) Find the word from the passage which means the same as “clear/easily seen”. (para 3)
Answer:
evident

16. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.

1. The Canadian Rocky Mountains or the Canadian Rockies are breathtakingly beautiful mountains and a precious ecosystem with a wealth of wildlife, lush forests including a large variety of flora, ice-capped peaks, and among the most picturesque landscapes, you will see in the world. Glaciers, waterfalls, lakes, limestone caves, canyons, and fossils of marine animals are part of this splendid landscape.

2. The Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks are a UNESCO World Heritage site. According to the UNESCO, this province has outstanding physical features – “Classic illustrations of glacial geological processes – including ice fields, remnant valley glaciers, canyons and exceptional examples of erosion and deposition – are found throughout the area. The Burgess Shale Cambrian and nearby Precambrian sites contain important information about the earth’s evolution.”

3. For all these reasons, these mountains are also great for activities like hiking, fishing, trekking, mountaineering, skiing, camping, and sightseeing. This presents a challenge to the authorities because these beautiful mountains and valuable ecosystems could likely be a target for commercial and economic exploitation.

4. So, how is this challenge being met? The Rockies are divided into many national parks. This means these are protected areas with many controls in place regarding what can be done within the area – whether by commercial organisations, other groups or the private visitor. This World Heritage label also implies many responsibilities for protection and special care.

5. For example, there is the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks World Heritage Site where four national parks are part of this site – Banff, which is the most popular and visited; Jasper; Kootenay: and Yoho. Besides, there are three British Columbia Provincial Parks –– Hamber Provincial Park, the Mount Assiniboine Provincial Park and Mount Robson Provincial Park. These parks are known for their scenic splendour and together receive millions of visitors annually.

6. The idea is to encourage tourism and allow visitors to enjoy the spectacular Rockies but to ensure that it is done in harmony with the environment. Many hotels exhort their guests to help them in being environment–friendly by asking them not to waste water or electricity. Some of them provide guestroom amenity containers which are biodegradable. At some resorts, you will see environmental reminder tips in the rooms.

7. There is a strong civic consciousness ingrained within the citizens so that the environment is preserved.

Attempt the following questions on the basis of the passage you have read:

(a) …………………… get attracted to these Rockies.
(i) The people who love hiking, fishing, trekking, etc.
(ii) The people who want to be eco–friendly
(iii) The environmentalists
(iv) All of the above
Answer:
(iv)

(b) The number of parks the Rockies are divided into are …………………..
(i) three
(ii) four
(iii) two
(iv) five
Answer:
(ii)

(c) Very few visitors like to visit these parks as rules are not in place.
Answer:
False

(d) The National Park status has helped preserve the ecosystem.
Answer:
True

(e) The Canadian Rockies have a precious ecosystem with a wealth of …………………….
Answer:
wildlife

These Rockies are also worlded…………………… sites.
Answer:
Heritage

(g) Amenity containers are provided to the guests in the guestroom that is……………………
Answer:
biodegradable

(h) Find the word from the passage which means the same as “excellent”. (para 1)
Answer:
splendid

17. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.

1. The most powerful and respected oracle in the ancient world was to be found in Central Greece in the Temple of Apollo at Delphi. To the ancient Greeks, Delphi was the centre of the world. According to Legend, Zeus, father of the gods, released two eagles from the opposite ends of the world and where they met –– at Delphi – was judged the centre and marked by a stone called the oniphalos or novel. Around 1400 B.C, Delphi was a sacred site dedicated to the earth goddess Gaia. Legend relates that the place was marked by a large python which Apollo, son of Zeus, killed. Apollo then set–up his oracle on the site, with a priestess, known as the Pythia the medium. In the seventh and sixth centuries B.C., during the height of the Oracle’s popularity, thousands of pilgrims, rich and poor, made the journey to consult Apollo through the Pythia.

2. In the inner sanctum of the temple, the Pythia sat on a sacred gold tripod placed over a deep crack in the earth. She was a local, middle-aged woman who would utter the oracle through a series of frenzied and incoherent sounds made while she was in a trance-like state, induced by chewing bay leaves or by inhaling the toxic volcanic vapours that rose from the chasm at her feet.

3. Questioners were first required to purify themselves in the waters of the Castalian spring nearby. Then followed a ritual in which a goat was sprinkled with cold water; if the goat trembled all over, it could be sacrificed and the God petitioned. The pilgrim paid his fee and presented his question, written on a tablet, to the attendant male priest, who then submitted it to the Pythia. Her garbled reply, delivered in a voice not her own, was interpreted by a priest, who gave the answer in verse to the supplicant. At the height of the Oracle’s popularity, three priestesses were required to cope with all the queries.

4. The Delphic oracle was consulted on political matters particularly the establishment of Greek colonies as well as on everyday issues such as marriage, fertility or money problems. Sometimes the Oracle’s pronouncements were straightforward; for instance, Socrates was told that he was the wisest man in Greece. However, many of Oracle’s replies were not. The king went ahead and attacked Persia, but it was his own empire that was destroyed.

Attempt the following questions on the basis of the passage you have read:

(a) According to legend, the father of the gods was …………………..
(i) Zeus
(ii) Apollo
(iii) Gaia
(iv) Pythia
Answer:
(i)

(b) Appollo, son of Zeus, killed a large …………………..
(i) lizard
(ii) python
(iii) frog
(iv) snake
Answer:
(ii)

(c) To the ancient Greeks, Delphi was not the centre of the world. (True/False)
Answer:
False

(d) The attendant male priest took the question from the pilgrim who then presented it to Pythia. (True/False)
Answer:
True

(e) The oracle became popular because only rich pilgrims started visiting the place to consult Apollo.
Answer:
False

(f) Pythia, the priestess sat over …………………… in the inner sanctum of the temple.
Answer:
a golden tripod

(g) Pilgrims were asked to purify themselves in the waters of ……………………….
Answer:
the Castalian spring nearby

(h) Find the word from the passage which means the same as “considered to be holy”. (para 1)
Answer:
‘sacred’.

18. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.

1. Among all the building parts, which have captured maximum human attention? Possibly the roof structurally a challenge to ensure it does not collapse; aesthetically important for it covers the whole building; functionally critical since it has to take on rain, sun or snow; and to top it all, constructing a roof over an empty space below demands high skill. Accordingly many ideas have evolved across time in every settlement.

2. People are obsessed not only with how the roof is built but also with how it is seen, from above as a roof and from under as a ceiling. Along with a sloping site, say in the hill station, what we see below are mostly roofs after roofs, in receding stepped fashion, which offers an attractive profile for the whole hill station. Looking up from the interior of a space, we generally see flat white painted surface, which could appear predictable and dull for many people. As such, there have been experiments with the roof both in terms of materials and technology, to evolve an attractive roof.

3. One such method is to cast the RCC roof with inverted clay pots or shallow mud bowls set within as filler material. Conceptually it is a method to substitute the replaceable concrete by cheaper clay pots to reduce cost and weight.

4. As such, there are no structural problems or apprehensions about the performance of the roof. Once cast, the ceiling appears attractive with inverted pots, as if it’s decorative false roofing.

5. With the centring ready for the roof, the clay pots of chosen diameter are kept face down as per design, at designated spacing and pattern. A thin layer of mud is spread around the pots to ensure they do not move during the concreting, steel reinforcements tied as per the advice of. the structural engineer around and above these pots, electrical conduits are placed around the pots with no fixture overlapping with the pots and then the roof is cast. The spacing for steel reinforcement needs to be specially designed based on pot size, room spans, and such others, hence this idea does require a qualified engineer around.

6. The mud layer is removed from underneath after concreting, highlighting the pattern of the pots. While the soffit of the roof shows an attractive pattern of clay pots, the upper surface is flat to take on another floor.

7. Of course, any pattern can be produced today by a false ceiling, but they come at an extra cost, can be justified only at specific locations and are done with cheaper materials like POP (Plaster of Paris) or gypsum. 8. If we can build naturally and integrally to get a unique roof design, better to choose such right alternative methods over the more commonplace false ceiling methods.

Attempt the following questions on the basis of the passage you have read:

(a) Among all the building parts …………………… has captured maximum human attention.
(i) ceiling
(ii) roof
(iii) walls
(iv) floors
Answer:
(ii)

(b) For making a roof with a clay pot, one requires …………………..
(i) a plumber
(ii) a carpenter
(iii) an electrician
(iv) a qualified engineer
Answer:
(iv)

(c) Roof is the part that has to withstand the weather changes, such as summer, winter, and rough winds. (True/False)
Answer:
True

(d) In hill stations, we find flat roofs. (True/False)
Answer:
False

(e) Inverted clay pots are cheaper than concrete and look attractive as well. (True/False)
Answer:
True

(f) Any pattern can be produced by a false ceiling with cheaper materials like …………………..
Answer:
POP or gypsum

(g) The upper surface of the roof is kept flat to facilitate the construction of …………………..
Answer:
another floor

(h) Find the word from the passage which means the same as “to completely fill your mind”. (para 2)
Answer:
‘obsessed’.

19. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.

1. Tourists visiting Singapore can get up close with the major river ecosystems of the world, complete with its flora and fauna. For, Wildlife Reserves Singapore (WRS) – which is the holding company. of the famed Jurong Bird Park, Night Safari and the Singapore Zoo – has recreated such an ecosystem. Created on a 12-hectare land, it offers a glimpse of the wildlife, mostly freshwater fauna of some of the iconic rivers of the world. This includes the Ganges and Mississippi, Mekong and Yangtze river, Murray, Congo and the Nile. Also included is a guided cruise along a man-made river to get a peep into the wildlife found in the Amazon region.

2. While 85 percent of the collections are designed to be viewed walking through special enclosures and galleries, each with a theme, the Amazon River Quest boat ride provides a glimpse of the remaining 15 percent. A pair of giant pandas alongside a couple of red pandas housed in the climate-controlled exhibit in the Yangtze River zone is one of the major attractions of the River Safari. The walkthrough exhibits give a glimpse of nearly 400 plant species and over 6,000 animal specimen, representing 200 species, making the river safari the first of its kind in Asia.

3. The river zone of the Ganges is set against the facade of a temple and the wildlife is represented by the gharial and the goonch catfish. Moving on to different river zones, one can catch a glimpse of giant river otters, Chinese giant salamanders (world’s largest amphibian), Mekong giant catfish (world’s largest freshwater fish which measures up to 3 m in length and weighs about 295 kg) among others. The Amazon River Quest which is actually a boat ride meandering through a man-made river, takes the visitors close to the jaguar, giant anteater, Brazilian tapir, capybara, and a few other species that live along the Amazon River.

4. Though the message of conservation underlying the concept is important, the project has also stemmed from WRS’ constant need to innovate to ensure an increase in the tourist footfalls so they can be financially self–sufficient.

Attempt the following questions on the basis of the passage you have read:

(a) One can find major river ecosystems of the world in ………………….. .
(i) Jurong Bird Park
(ii) Night safari
(iii) Singapore zoo
(iv) Wildlife Reserves Singapore
Answer:
(iv)

(b) One of the major attractions of the River Safari is
(i) pandas
(ii) tigers
(iii) penguin
(iv) peacocks
Answer:
(i)

(c) The Amazon River Quest is a boat ride through a man-made river to see the various animals (True/False)
Answer:
True

(d) Wildlife Reserves Singapore offers a glimpse of the wildlife only. (True/False)
Answer:
False

(e) A pair of giant pandas is housed in the climate-controlled exhibit in the ……………………
Answer:
Yangtze River zone

(f) The tourists have to go through special enclosures and galleries to see ……………………
Answer:
the wildlife

(g) One of the two–fold objectives of WRS is ……………………
Answer:
conservation of flora and fauna

(h) Find the word from the passage which means the same as “catch sight of/spot”. (para 1).
Answer:
glimpse.

20. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.

1. Holiday plans ensure promises and perils; hopes and hypes; excitement and disappointments; good news and not–so good news. The not–so good news is that not everyone can plan a vacation to Arctic Alps or to the Amazon to observe the diverse wildlife there for obvious reasons like lack of resources or failure to obtain the necessary sanction for leave. The good news is that there is so much to eye, experience and enjoy right where you live – amidst the hustle and bustle of the city. For some, vacation is all about circus, beach, malls, movies, shopping, reading, and catching up on sleep. But for nature enthusiasts, this is the time to make the best of wildlife spotting in the city.

2. The wildlife diversity and cities have always been treated as an oxymoron. In highly congested and thickly populated cities with myriad skyscrapers, flyovers, malls, heritage buildings, and magnificent edifices, it’s incredibly amazing to see wildlife abound in their own secretive niches. The untamed birds, insects, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, and of course the untended plants are all over.

3. Summer vacations render an awesome reprieve from the stressful work schedule and also bestow time to enjoy pleasant surprises over a cup of morning coffee in your own neighbourhood – birds g, squirrels relishing mangoes, spotted owlets peeping out in stupor from tree holes, and butterflies hovering over the peacock flower.

4. This is the season to look out for the fiery blossoms of Indian Laburnum and Copper Pods. Indian Laburnum otherwise known as the golden shower tree produces gorgeous pendulous inflorescence and is a greatly refreshing sight to behold when the city is actually reeling under a heatwave. Copper pods produce dense clusters of crinkled yellow flowers which are highly relished by the rose-ringed parakeets.

5. Birds to look out for in home gardens and in the neighbourhood are magpie robins, tree pies, golden orioles, wagtails, hoopoes, sunbirds, sparrows, tailor birds, barbets, kingfishers, woodpeckers, babblers, warblers, bee-eaters, bulbuls, shrikes, shikras, koels, pipits, parakeets, rollers and sometimes even the rare paradise flycatchers and pitta. Each bird has a distinct call and it is easy to trace their presence to their sound, which is otherwise not too easy.

Attempt the following questions on the basis of the passage you have read:

(a) An ‘oxymoron? here refers to ………………….. .
(i) oxygen
(ii) skyscrapers
(ii) wildlife in congested cities
(iv) flyovers
Answer:
(iii)

(b) For nature enthusiasts, vacation is the time to …………………..
(i) look for wildlife around
(ii) go for movies
(iii) catch up on sleep
(iv) go to mall
Answer:
(i)

(c) One feels stressed in summer vacation because one needs time to look for wildlife around the city. (True/False)
Answer:
False

(d) We find magpie robins and tailor birds around our houses.
Answer:
True

(e) Birds can be distinguished because every bird has …………………..
Answer:
a distinct call

(f) People plan a vacation to the Amazon or Arctic Alps to observe …………………..
Answer:
the diverse wildlife

(g) Summer is the season to look out for the fiery blossoms of …………………… and.
Answer:
Indian Laburnum, Copper pods

(h) Find the word from the passage which means the same as “easy to see or understand”. (para 1)
Answer:
“obvious.

A passage where the writer rambles from topic to topic is called a discursive piece of writing. The adjective discursive is often used to describe a speech or writing that tends to stray from the main point, but the word can also have almost the opposite meaning. Discursive can also be used to describe an argument based on reason instead of intuition, a writing that is well-argued and well reasoned. Also tending to depart from the main point or cover a wide range of subjects. While attempting a ‘discursive passage’ it is important to read through the passage, scan for details, and then answer the given questions.

This grammar section explains English Grammar in a clear and simple way. There are example sentences to show how the language is used. NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English will help you to write better answers in your Class 10 exams. Because the Solutions are solved by subject matter experts. https://ncertmcq.com/unseen-passage-for-class-10-discursive/

Unseen Passage For Class 10 Discursive CBSE With Answers

Discursive writing expresses opinions. It can be argumentative, i.e. may give reasons, explanations, or explore cause and effect relationship. Passages of this kind are analytical. Sometimes the author presents his views with great depth of reasoning or force of argument with the intention of convincing the reader to his point of view. Such texts have great persuasive power.

Unseen Passage Discursive Solved Question for Class 10  CBSE

Discursive Passage For Class 10 

1. Read the passage given below:

1. We live in an era where it is difficult to miss fast and junk food and the rise in teenage obesity and related health issues due to it.

2. During teenage, weight gain is normal but when it goes beyond control, the person becomes obese. Our body requires energy to function, which is derived from the food we eat but when the intake of food becomes more than the amount that the body requires, the excess energy is stored as body fat.

3. Contemporary lifestyle sees an increasing consumption of junk food, and spending time watching television and playing computer games. Overeating along with lack of physical exercise are the major causes leading to teenage obesity. Large intake of high-calorie food and low-nutrient food leads to unnecessary weight gain. Besides these, obesity can also be genetically inherited where some people have the genetic tendency to bum calories more slowly compared to others. Stress is also a reason for obesity where people resort to overeating to alleviate their stress,

4. Teenage obesity is growing immensely and has been named an ‘obesity epidemic’. A number of health issues arise out of it like diabetes, high blood pressure and cholesterol, sleeping disorders, hormonal imbalance, and asthma. Along with these, obesity can also result in psychological problems like low self-esteem due to the constant jeering of peers. Obese teens are more prone to being teased and physically bullied compared to others of their same age.

5. Therefore, it is necessary to control excessive weight gain. Inactivity is the major cause of obesity and regular exercise is the best way to control it. Physical activity like jogging, swimming and playing outdoor games can help to keep one fit. A balanced diet with lots of vegetables, fruit and whole grains is also essential. Junk food and soft drinks should be substituted with lots of vegetables, fruit and whole grains in the diet. Drinking around 8-10 glasses of water also helps to reduce calorie intake.

6. Parents have an important role in controlling teenage obesity as they should try to set examples by following a healthy diet and leading a healthy lifestyle. A combined effort of the parents and kids can help to control this eating disorder.

Discursive Passage Class 10

2. Read the passage given below:

1. During our growing up years we as children were taught–both at home and school–to worship the photos and idols of the gods of our respective religions. When we grow a little older, we were I holy books like The Bhagwad Gita, Bible and Quran; we were told that there are a lot of life lessons to be learnt from these holy books. We were then introduced to stories from ou mythologies which taught us about ethics and morality–what is good and what is bad. I also learnt to be respectful towards my parents who made my life comfortable with their hard work, love and care, and my teachers who guided me to become a good student and a responsible citizen. Much later in life, I realised that though we learn much from our respective holy books, there is a lot to learn from our surroundings. This realisation dawned upon me when I learnt to enquire and explore. Everything around us–the sun, the moon, the stars, rain, rivers, stones, rocks, birds, plants and animals–teach us many valuable life lessons.

3. No wonder that besides the scriptures in many cultures nature is also worshipped. The message that we get is to save our environment and maintain ecological balance. People are taught to live in harmony with nature and recognise that there is God in all aspects of nature.

4. Nature is a great teacher. A river never stops flowing. If it finds an obstacle in its way in the form of a heavy rock, the river water fights to remove it from its path or finds an alternative path to move ahead. This teaches us to be progressive in life, and keep the lighting spirit alive.

5. Snakes are worshipped as they eat insects in the field that can hurt our crops, thus protecting the grains for us. In fact, whatever we worship is our helper and makes our lives easy for us. There are many such examples in nature, but we are not ready to learn a lesson. Overcome with greed, we are destroying nature. As a result we face natural disasters like drought, flood and landslides. We don’t know that nature is angry with us.

6. However, it is never too late to learn. If we learn to respect nature the quality of our life will improve.

Discursive Passage For Class 10 With Answers

2.1. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer the following questions in 30–40 words each:

(a) What are we taught in our childhood and growing up years?
(b) Why should we respect our parents and teacher
(c) What message do we get when we worship nature?
(d) How does a river face an obstacle that comes in its way?
Answer:
(a) We are taught in our childhood to worship the photos and idols. We are taught in our growing up years to read holy books like the Bhagwat Gita, Bible and Quran. We were taught that there are a lot of life lessons to be learnt from these holy books.

(b) We should respect our parents because they have made our life comfortable with their hard work, love and care. We should respect our teachers because they have guided us in becoming a good student and a responsible citizen.

(c) When we worship nature the message we get is to save our environment and maintain ecological balance.

(d) When an obstacle comes in its way, the water in the river fights to remove it from its path. The river water can also find an alternative path to move ahead.

Discursive Passage Example

2.2. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer of the following:

(a) In para 5, the synonym of ‘catastrophe’ is ………………………….. .
(i) overcome
(ii) greed
(iii) disaster
(iv) drought
Answer:
(iii) disaster

(b) In para 3, the antonym of ‘discordance’ is ………………………….. .
(i) scriptures
(ii) harmony
(iii) recognise
(iv) discomfort
Answer:
(ii) harmony

(c) When we worship nature, the message we get is to save our environment and maintain ecological balance. (True/False)
Answer:
True

(d) The stories from our mythologies taught us about …..
Answer:
ethics and morality

Discursive Passage Meaning

3. Read the following passage carefully:

1. Corruption, terrorism, communalism, greed for power and wealth and the list of ailments that affect modem society continue. More than half the population of India is below the age group of 25 and the future of the country will only be bright if youngsters are equipped to deal with these ailments.

2. A child is a storehouse of potential and it is important to nurture and develop these attributes s’ince a very young age. Since they spend much of the time in school, the curriculum in school should be such that it enables children to understand, care and practise ethical values like respect, justice and civic sense. Education should aim to develop a sense of rights and duties as well as moral values like honesty, responsibility and respect for others.

3. Moral education should be directed towards enhancing a child’s ability to critically analyse situations, make decisions, empathise with people and work in cooperation towards a common goal.

4. Asa means of direct instmction to students, schools are very influential in the character development of a child and the methods of education affect the development of morally upright citizens who can bring about the much needed change in the country.

5. The youth of today have to face a lot of problems like drug abuse, violent behaviour and family issues. If they are not taught morals, they would fail to differentiate between good and bad values. Hence, they would be incapable in dealing with different types of issues. A sound moral base would help a child make the right decisions, especially in an era where the youth is increasingly coming under the negative influence of the media.

6. Schools in India have introduced moral education as part of their curriculum because they realise that morally sound citizens are the need of the hour. Since most children look up to their teachers as role models, it is most appropriate that they be the facilitators of moral values.

7. Thus schools should focus more on the personality development of children since it is one of the most important responsibilities of a school. Schools should take the initiative to mould children into better human beings so that they can make the world a better place to live in.

Discursive Paragraph Class 10

3.1 Answer the following questions with facts from the passage given above.

(a) Aim of a school should be to
(i) develop qualities of
(ii) ……………………………………………… .
(iii) ……………………………………………… .

(b) What are the negativities influencing children?
(i) drug abuse
(ii) ……………………………………………… .
(iii) ……………………………………………… .
(iv) ……………………………………………… .

(c) What is the role of the school curriculum?
(i) to enable children to understand and practise values like
(ii) ……………………………………………… .
(iii) ……………………………………………… .

(d) What is the role of teachers?
(i) ……………………………………………… .
(ii) to nurture students into good human beings

Class 10 Discursive Passage

4. Read the following passage carefully :

1. Frankness may be among the most overrated of virtues! And here’s why. Because unrestricted and unfiltered frankness is a recipe for breaking relationships, even the closest ones. Such frankness is understandable, acceptable and even ‘cute’ only in children under the age of five.

2. Thinking before one speaks and using restraint are hallmarks of growing maturity and preparation for life. Learning to put a filter between thought and spoken word (and, even more importantly, written word) is an important life skill. Think is a popular acronym for Trúe, Helpful, Inspiring, Necessary and Kind. This would do wonderfully well as a filter in our minds.

3. It is good to speak what’s true, but only along with the other attributes in the acronym, particularly the last one, kindness. In the righteous glow of speaking what we see as the truth, we often forget to be kind. We blurt out ‘truths’ even when it is totally unhelpful and unnecessary to do so, let alone inspiring! Too often, such truth–telling is destructive rather than noble. Only those who do not care about the consequences can afford the luxury of ‘speaking their minds’ whenever and wherever they please. When relationships are at stake, it is essential to choose the time, place and words appropriately when imparting unpleasant truths. And even then, only when absolutely necessary and with the utmost kindness.

4. Speaking without forethought can be even more dangerous in other circumstances, for example, when someone has entrusted us with a secret. A sign of maturity is the ability to keep a secret. Very young children are incapable of understanding the concept of a secret. To them, every piece of information is interesting, new and meant to be shared. As we grow older, we all learn how to keep a secret, but too often we keep only our own secrets and not those that others confide in us. We may blurt out something a friend told us in confidence, perhaps carelessly but often to appear important in other people’s estimation. It gives us a sense of power to know something that our friends don’t, and it requires conscious effort to keep the information to ourselves.

5. But this is the real test of an important life skill: self–restraint. Revealing a friend’s secret is to betrayal of the friendship. Indeed, the consequences may well spread way beyond the friendship alone. It may lead to gossip spreading like a forest fire, destroying peace of mind and even lives.

6. Words have power to hurt or heal. They are not mere tools for tweeting and messaging. Before the tongue speaks, before the fingers fly over the keyboard, it is important to pause and apply the THINK acronym filter. Is this True, Helpful, Inspiring, Necessary and Kind?

7. Of course it is important to communicate. But it is far more important to be considerate and compassionate. Speaking well is a skill: speaking kindly is a life skill.

Discursive Passage For Class 10 With Mcqs

4.1. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer the following questions in 30–40 words each:

(a) How much of frankness is acceptable?
(b) What does the term ‘put a filter’ mean in this context?
(c) According to the writer what is the best way to reveal the truth”?
(d) Why is it important to keep secrets?
Answer:
(a) One should be frank to the extent that it does not affect relationships. Complete frankness looks good only in small children. As we grow old we should be smart and filter information.

(b) In this context ‘to put a filter’ means before speaking, a sensible person will filter whatever he wishes to say. He will think through his thoughts before uttering a word.

(c) The writer says that one must ensure that the place, time and the words are chosen with care. In addition to this, one must use very kind words to convey the truth.

(d) It is very important to keep secrets. We mayblurtout something a friend toldus in confidence, in a careless manner but often to appear important in other people’s estimation. So, it requires conscious effort to keep the information to ourselves.

Discursive Passage For Class 10 With Answers Pdf

4.2. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer of the following:

(a) The term “acronym’ used in para 2 denotes a/an …………………………. .
(i) bitter truth
(ii) acrobat
(ii) abbreviation of the title/phrase
(iv) phrase
Answer:
(ii) acrobat

(b) The antonym of ‘cruelty’, used in para 3 is
(i) kindness
(ii) utter suddenly
(iii) speak softly
(iv) wipe out
Answer:
(i) kindness

(c) The writer says that it is not necessary to use very kind words to convey the truth. (True/False)
Answer:
False

(d) Words are not mere tools for tweeting and messaging, but they also have power to
Answer:
hurt or heal

Discursive Passages

5. Read the following passage carefully:

1. What is Discipline? Is it absolute freedom to do what a person wants? Is freedom regardless of consequences? Does it mean corrective action after a problem occurs or a wrong is done? Is it imposition? Is it abuse? Does it take away freedom?

2. The answer is none of the above. Discipline does not mean that a person takes a belt and beats up kids. That is madness. Discipline is loving firmness. It is direction. It is prevention before a problem arises. It is harnessing and channelising energy for great performance. Discipline is not something you do to but you do for those you care about.

3. Discipline is an act of love. Sometimes you have to be unkind to be kind: Not all medicine is sweet, not all surgery is painless, but we have to take it. We need to learn from nature. We are all familiar with that big animal, the–giraffe. A mama giraffe gives birth to a baby giraffe, standing. All of a sudden, the baby falls on a hard surface from the cushion of mama’s womb, and sits on the ground. The first thing mama does is to get behind the baby and give him a hard kick. The baby gets up, but his legs are weak and Wobbly and the baby falls down. Mama goes behind again and gives him one more kick. The baby gets up but sits down again. Mama keeps kicking till the baby gets on its feet and starts moving. Why? Because mama knows that the only chance of survival for the baby in the jungle is to get on its feet. Otherwise it will be eaten up by wildcats and become dead meat.

4. Children brought up in a loving, disciplined environment end up respecting their parents more and become law–abiding citizens. The reverse is just as true. Good parents are not afraid of momentary dislikes by children to enforce the subject. Allowing a child to eat a box of chocolate could lead to sickness. At the same time, the discipline of eating one or two pieces a day can be an enjoyable experience for a longer time. Our instinct makes us do whatever we want regardless of the consequences. Freedom is not procured by a full enjoyment of what is desired but controlling the desire.

5.1. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer the following questions in 30–40 words each:

(a) What according to the writer is not discipline?
(b) How can we prevent a problem from Surfacing?
(c) Why do you think a mama giraffe kicks her baby immediately after birth?
(d) What is the role played by parents in creating law–abiding citizens?
Answer:
(a) Discipline is not giving absolute freedom. It is also not hitting or abusing a child. Discipline is not force either.

(b) We can prevent a problem from surfacing by taking steps before the problem occurs. We need to anticipate and take precautionary steps rather than correcting it after the problem occurs.

(c) A mama giraffe knows the harsh ways of the world. It knows that if the baby does not stand up then the wild animals of the forest will eat it up. So it does this in the interest of the child.

(d) Good parents instil good habits and discipline in their children without worrying for their momentary dislikes. The children brought up this way become respectful and law–abiding citizens.

5.2. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer of the following:

(a) In para 1, the word ‘corrective’ means ……………………….. .
(i) improve
(ii) remedial
(iii) medicinal
(iv) therapeutic
Answer:
(ii) remedial

(b) In para 4, the opposite of ‘incapacity is ……………………….. .
(i) enforce
(ii) procured
(iii) instinct
(iv) controlling
Answer:
(ii) procured

(c) Discipline means not only absolute freedom but also a corrective action after a problem occurs. (True/False)
(d) Discipline brings true freedom by ……………………….. .
Answer:
controlling the desires.

6. Read the following passage carefully:

1. Overpowering prey is a challenge for limbless creatures. Some species inject venom like Russell’s viper. Some others opt for an alternative non–chemical method – rat snakes, for instance, grab and push their prey against the ground, while pythons use their brawn to squeeze their quarry to death. But snakes can’t be neatly divided into venomous and non–venomo

2. Even species listed as non–venomous aren’t completely devoid of venom. The common sand boa, for instance, produces secretions particularly toxic to birds. So the species doesn’t hedge its bets – it constricts its prey and injects venom for good measure.

3. Do vipers need venom potent enough to kill hundreds of rats with just one drop? After all, they eat only one or two at a time.

4. While predators try their darndest to kill most efficiently, their prey use any trick to avoid becoming a meal, such as developing immunity to venom. For instance, Californian ground squirrels are resistant to Northern Pacific rattlesnake venom.

5. Competition with prey is not the only thing driving snakes to evolve more and more toxic venom. Snakes also struggle to avoid becoming prey themselves.

6. Some snake predators have partial immunity to venom. Famously, mongooses are highly resistant to cobra venom, and with their speed and agility, kill snakes with impunity. It would be the death of cobras as a species if they didn’t evolve more toxic venom to immobilise mongooses.

7. Venom has another important role. It’s an extreme meat tenderiser; specific enzymes disintegrate the innards of prey. Normally, a reptile depends on the sun’s warm rays to aid digestion. Venomous snakes have an advantage: enzymes in venom digest the meal from the inside before it rots in their guts.

8. But I wonder if we, cannot use venom in our favour. In remote parts of India, local hospitality often involves leather–tough meat. I chew and chew until my jaws ache. If I spit it out or refuse, our hosts would be offended. Eventually, I swallow like a python stuffing a deer down its throat and hope I don’t choke. If only I had venom.

6.1. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer the following questions in 30–40 words each:

(a) Russel viper and Rat snake have different methods to attack its prey. Explain.
(b) How does sand boa kill its prey?
(c) There is a constant tussel between the predators of the prey. Why?
(d) Snakes have to guard themselves against their predators as well. How do they do this?
Answer:
(a) Russels viper is a venomous snake. It injects venom into its prey, whereas rat snakes use an alternative non–chemical method–push and grab their prey against the ground immobilising it.

(b) The sand boa first captures its prey and then injects venom. Though it belongs to the non venomous category but it does secrete some venom which is enough to kill the prey.

(c) This is but natural because the predator has to kill and the prey has to protect itself. The ground squirrels in California are resistant to the venom of rattle snake. They develop immunity from the venom. The predator has to then think of other ways.

(d) Snakes use their venom not only to kill their prey but also to prevent their predators from reaching them. Some of their predators, for example, mongooses are resistant to the venom. Therefore the snakes have to constantly evolve more toxic venom.

6.2. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer of the following:

(a) The synonym of another’, in para 1 is ……………………………… .
(i) squeeze
(ii) alternative
(iii) similar
(iv) quarry
Answer:
(ii) alternative

(b) The opposite word of ‘full in para 2 is ……………………………… .
(i) complete
(ii) measure
(iii) completely
(iv) devoid
Answer:
(iv) devoid

(c) Snakes use their venom not only to kill their prey but also to prevent their predators from reaching them. (True/False)
Answer:
True

(d) Mongooses, who are highly resistant to cobra venom, kill snakes ……………………………… .
Answer:
with their speed, agility and impunity

7. Read the following passage carefully:

1. Science and technology not only dominate the psyche of humanity but also the whole biosphere. How does science influence civilisation and how is it related to human happiness?

2. The original, cosmic evolution of the biosphere was one that promoted, supported, nourished, sustained and enhanced life. Life went on adding to the evolution with newer species and ecosystems, even more beautiful and vibrant than the ones before. Our biosphere accommodated a pleasant weather cycle and climate system to support these newer species, keeping everything in dynamic equilibrium.

3. Now the biosphere is overburdened and ailing. Some of our ecosystems have already collapsed, while others are at death’s door. Ever increasing pollution coupled with over–exploitation of natural resources and greenhouse gas emissions is driving several species towards extinction. This phenomenon that has occurred by itself, and neither has it been caused by, human beings alone. But it definitely has been spurred by so–called advances in technology.

4. In this millennium, we no longer live in a, biosphere – we are inhabitants of a technosphere. A technosphere is an impaired biosphere that has no affinity with values of life nor with sustainability and evolution of life. Although technology has empowered civilisation, it has also reduced it to being a mere tool of science and technology. And when the whole civilisation turns technocratic, science and technology are bound to dominate, causing life to shrink. The intensifying climate crisis is but a symptom of the biosphere’s illness and life’s gradual collapse.

5. We’ve reached a point where we are intolerant of anything remotely “unscientific” in our contemporary world. Scientists look for alternatives, but even these solutions are sought in the same domain that has caused these problems. In short, we are stewing in a soup of our own making.

6. So, what would be meaningful for the welfare of humans? Naturally, something that would enhance life, serve to integrate ecosystems and cleanse our environment. Enhancement of lit includes betterment of human life and vice versa. If life shrinks, we cannot blossom.

7. Science and technology by themselves are neutral; it is the way we use them that has either a positive or negative impact on our lives and environment. And when we use science in a manner that increases unsustainability and unhappiness in our lives, how can we rely blindly on science for our happiness?

7.1. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer the following questions in 30–40 words each:

(a) How did the biosphere evolve over a period of time?
(b) How has this equilibrium got disturbed now?
(c) What is the difference between biosphere and technosphere?
(d) Man needs to use ‘science and technology’ in a sensible manner. Explain.
Answer:
(a) Originally when cosmic evolution happened, biosphere supported and promoted the growth of species. As life continued more and more species evolved. Our biosphere also evolved and created the right weather and climate to support the new species.

(b) Today many of the ecosystems have collapsed, many species have disappeared from the face of the earth. This has happened due to increasing pollution, deforestation and over exploitation of natural resources.

(c) Biosphere is nature’s creation with plants, animals and the climat and animals live in harmony with the climate around. A technosphere is a biosphere that has been destroyed by the advancement of technology.

(d) By itself science and technology is neither good nor bad. It is how we use them. If we use it to increase instability, then we are creating unhappiness around us. Also the environment around us gets polluted.

7.2. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer of the following:

(a) In para 3, the synonym of ‘disappeared is ………………………. .
(i) disintegrated
(ii) settle
(iii) ailing
(iv) collapsed
Answer:
(iv) collapsed

(b) In para 5, the antonym of ‘nearly’ is ………………………. .
(i) sought
(ii) remotely
(iii) stewing
(iv) domain
Answer:
(ii) remotely

(c) A biosphere that has been destroyed by the advancement of technology is called an ecosystem. (True/False)
Answer:
False

(d) Today many of the ecosystems have collapsed due to increasing ………………………. .
Answer:
pollution and over exploitation of natural resources.

8. Read the following passage carefully:

1. Music is perhaps one of the most popular and widely practised forms of Fine Arts, transcending all kinds of cultural and linguistic barriers. Any form of fine art is difficult to master and almost impossible to perfect and music is no exception.

2. Nature, it is learnt, has blessed almost two thirds of the human race with musical ability of some sort. Music has the power to bring out the deepest emotions. It can make one cry or bring a smile on one’s face. In fact it is a magic medicine and many seek refuge in it when they are depressed or stressed. It is this intimacy that makes us listen to music or even hum or sing sometimes. This singing, or realistically speaking, expressing one’s emotion musically, sometimes takes a serious. turn. This desire to showcase musical expression in public domain then transforms into serious business profession. And from here the musical journey begins.

3. This desire to sing before an audience is innocent and beautiful and indeed it is perfectly alright to have such a genuine desire. But it is also important to understand that singing is an intricate art – a highly refined one at that, which requires systematic, prolonged and rigorous training, even to pass muster. This is an aspect we forget in our keen desire to reach the stage and perform. It is almost like preparing a formal meal for some specially invited guests, without even having learnt and experienced the basic aspects of cooking. This is why we have more noise and less music in the present.

4. These days almost everyone sings and it does not stop here. Most of us want to become professional singers. Result, a complete disregard for and ignorance of the training part, as the need is never felt to go through one and the urge to get to the stage and perform overpowers the slight inclination to learn, if any. If at all, somewhere along the way one feels the need to gain some knowledge and training, it leads to hurried shortcuts and half–hearted attempts, best described as “Crash Courses.”

5. It is observed that those who have attained the so called partial success, suddenly feel that they lack the required knowledge and are not learned enough. But it is too late by then. It should be understood here that the stage or a performance brings in a different mindset within the artist. It is always recommended and rightly so, that while on stage, cover the mistakes and weaknesses if any, and get along. But the contrary is true when it comes to acquiring knowledge and during the learning process. While under training, the student is expected to make mistakes but then rectify those mistakes under the supervision and guidance of the teacher. Therefore it is good to make mistakes and then be corrected during the process of learning as this subsequently makes one flawless and educated. This is a different mindset. And these two mindsets discussed above, (those of a performer and that of a student) cannot co–exist.

8.1. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer the following questions in 30–40 words each:

(a) How can we say that music is magic?
(b) How do people get transformed from humming tunes to becoming professional musicians?
(c) The desire to sing in public overpowers singing capability Elaborate.
(d) Why cannot the mindset of a performer and a student co–exist?
Answer:
(a) Music can lift the spirits of sad people and it can make people laugh and cry as well. It has the power to bring out the deepest emotions. In fact, it is a magical medium and many seek refuge in it when they are depressed or stressed.

(b) From humming music, in the case of some people it takes a serious turn and they develop the desire to perform in public and make it their profession, and from here the musical journey begins.

(c) In their urge to sing in public people fail to understand that it requires hours of practice and training to gain expertise in this fine art. And they end up becoming mere performers not good singers.

(d) The mindset of a performer and a student cannot co–exist because a performer is told to make amends if a mistake happens while presenting on the stage whereas a student is told that it is o.k. to make mistakes as they help us to learn better.

8.2. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer of the following:

(a) The synonym of ‘exceeding’ in para 1 is …………………………. .
(i) limiting
(ii) transcending
(iii) crossing
(iv) believing
Answer:
(ii) transcending

(b) In para 4, the antonym of ‘aversion’ is …………………………. .
(i) disregard
(ii) urge
(iii) inclination
(iv) training
Answer:
(iii) inclination

(c) Music has neither the power to bring out the deepest emotions nor can make people laugh and cry. (True/False)
Answer:
False

(d) The writer says that music is perhaps one of the widely practised forms of Fine Arts, going beyond all kinds of …………………………. .
Answer:
cultural and linguistic barriers

9. Read the following passage carefully:

1. In 1924, two brothers inherited their father’s craft and opened Dassler Brothers’ Shoes Factory in the town. Very soon, by virtue of learning from their father’s outstanding shoe making craft over years, a different style sole was invented by them. They nailed some pegs into soles so as to keep from slip. Despite of being odd, they did more than most when people wore slippery shoes. With this kind of shoes being popular in the town, some of the residents from surrounding towns began to come to order these shoes.

2. For the bigger market, the little brother Adolf came up with a marketing idea that let customers try for free. This kind of commercial sales had never been heard at that moment. After a month, with the experience of trying, the customers all flooded into the factory: Some of them bought the shoes at once and some continued to order. Since that, Dassler Brothers’ Shoes Factory won the big market.

3. At that time, the German people were very fond of soccer, even though sports were not popular at all. Their mania to soccer was matchless in the world or even could be described as demonic. Consequently, a good pair of soccer shoes became almost all the German people’s dreams. Dassler brothers had a keen business sense even when they were only children, and they began to study again in the factory and design football shoes at once. The very simple design may seem outdated today, but at the time they were totally new and advanced design.

4. Several years later, the brothers built a bigger shoes factory and began to sell to the whole Germany. The new factory was named as Adidas Factory which was the predecessor of today’s famous Adidas. In the third and fourth decade of the 20th century, the brothers’ shoes became well known in larger areas and they kept enlarging their business. Especially, the track and field star Jesse Owens wore the spiked shoes made by Dassler brothers and got four championships in the 1936 Berlin Olympic Games. This set the whole sporting world on fire and Dassler brothers’ name was known by more and more people.

9.1. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer the following questions in 30–40 words each:

(a) How did the brothers improve upon their father’s design?
(b) Adolf came up with an innovative idea. What was it?
(c) How were the brothers different from other businessmen?
(d) How did the Adidas factory come into existence?
Answer:
(a) The brothers invented a new sole. They nailed some pegs to it. This was done to prevent the shoe from slipping. So they became popular and people from other towns came to buy them.

(b) Adolf for the first time came up with a marketing idea of letting people try shoes for free and then deciding whether they want to buy it. This kind of commercial sale had never been heard at that time.

(c) The brothers had a keen sense of business and understood that people in Germany love the game of football. They studied the design and then came up with their own shoes for football players.

(d) As their popularity grew tie brothers built a bigger factory and entire Germany was buying shoes from them. Slowly their shoes became very popular and they expanded their business. Most of the track and field event participants including Jesse Owens wore Adidas shoes for the Berlin Olympics.

9.2. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer of the following:

(a) The antonym of ‘reducing’ in para 4 is ………………………….. .
(i) increasing
(ii) sharing
(iii) spreading
(iv) enlarging
Answer:
(iv) enlarging

(b) The synonym of ‘obsolete’ in para 3 is ………………………….. .
(i) outdated
(ii) simple
(iii) demonic
(iv) matchless
Answer:
(i) outdated

(c) This was Adolf’s father who came up with a marketing idea of letting people try shoes for free. (True/False)
Answer:
False

(d) The brothers soon understood that people in Germany were ………………………….. .
Answer:
very fond of soccer.

10. Read the following passage carefully:

1. Crash dieting may help you lose weight, in the short term, but, ultimately it can hinder weight loss in the long term, as most of the weight that you have lost with crash dieting will bounce back, meaning you will gain all the weight that you have lost and more. Crash dieting not only removes fat but also leans muscle and tissue. Contrary to the belief of many who start this diet, this form of dieting is neither healthy nor successful in achieving long term weight loss as it induces the slowing down of the body’s basal metabolic rate – the body seeks to conserve every calorie and so weight loss becomes increasingly difficult. Basal metabolic rate is the amount of calories your body needs on a daily basis, to maintain its regular activities. This means your body will need fewer calories than it did previously, making weight gain more likely once you stop dieting.

2. Most crash diets involve eating low–calorie foods for several weeks or eating the same food or food groups for several weeks. Even if you’re only trying the diet for a week or two, eating such a strict diet of the same foods can cause nutritional deficiencies. Eliminating one or more food groups will not provide you with adequate, long–term nutrition. Nutritional deficiencies such as this can have multiple immediate side effects such as haggard look, dark under eyes, dull skin, sloppy posture and less stamina.

3. This is also why exercise is recommended in any weight–loss plan to build muscle and maintain your metabolic rate. Again common mistakes that are observed with exercise are joining the gym only till the New Year, so that you can lose weight and once the party is over, the party for not exercising continues. On the other hand, we have some who make New Year resolutions and with the gym memberships which are so tempting during the New Year, take up annual memberships, which is not bad, What is bad is to break the resolution. It is good to take up an exercise programme during the new year and to make a resolution about exercise, provided you do not break your resolution, and continue exercising year long. What is important is consistency.

4. It’s strongly recommended not to go on a Crash Diet, even if you are motivated to lose weight to fit into clothes a couple of sizes smaller. What is good is to make a conscious effort to lead a healthy lifestyle. This in the long run will help you achieve normal weight and help you be energetic and cheerful. Safe weight loss is considered to be no more than half a kilogram to one kilogram per week. No single food can be considered good or bad. A single meal does not make or break a healthy diet, as all foods can fit into a good diet when consumed in moderation.

10.1. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer the following questions in 30–40 words each:

(a) What harm does crash dieting do? Mention any two.
(b) There is a basic flaw in diet plans What is it?
(c) Why is exercise important?
(d) What is the writer’s view on gym membership?
Answer:
(a) Firstly, crash dieting weakens muscle and tissue along with removing fat. The weight that you have lost with crash dieting will bounce back. Secondly, it induces the slowing of basal metabolic rate. The body seeks to conserve every calorie and so weight loss becomes increasingly difficult.

(b) All the diet plans recommend same food or food groups. This can cause nutritional deficiency in the longer run. Eliminating one or more food groups will not provide you with adequate, long–term nutrition.

(c) Exercise is recommended in any weight–loss plan as it increases metabolic rate and helps in building muscle mass. It should be made a habit of one’s lifestyle. Make a resolution to continue exercising year long. Consistency is very important.

(d) According to the writer people get tempted before New Year and take memberships to lose weight and then do not bother to continue with them. Secondly there are people who take membership because gyms announce a discount during New Year. Both these category people are not interested in the exercise or fitness.

10.2. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer of the following:

(a) In para 2, the synonym of ‘sufficient is ………………………… .
(i) adequate
(ii) high
(iii) less
(iv) equal
Answer:
(i) adequate

(b) In para 3, the antonym of ‘opposed’ is ………………………… .
(i) observed
(ii) tempting
(iii) resolution
(iv) recommended
Answer:
(iv) recommended

(c) According to the passage, one should make a conscious efforts to lead a healthy lifestyle instead of going on a crash diet. (True/False)
Answer:
True

(d) The amount of calories, our body needs on a daily basis to maintain its regular activities is called ………………………… .
Answer:
basal metabolic rate

11. Read the following passage carefully:

1. A youngster quit Facebook in December after spending over three years on the social networking site. With that one act, he bid a silent adieu to more than 300 contacts that he had added to his account during the period. Like almost everyone from his “friends’ circle,” the 20–year–old was a regular on the service; visiting it everyday to post photos and status updates. But last week, a new feature on Facebook called Timeline forced him to reconsider the pros and cons of being on the networking site.

2. ‘Everyone has some skeletons in their closet and I am just not comfortable with Facebook digging up and displaying all the facets of my life on a bulletin board,’ says this youngster who joined the network in July 2007 while he was in Class 11.

3. Facebook, you see, had compressed the time he spent on the site and arranged it in chronological order. And while he initially liked the new, neatly organised scrapbook–like feature, he wasn’t happy to reveal posts from the past, those that, until recently, were hidden under layers and layers of recent updates. Just clicking on a date on the timeline could transport his friends back in time and enable them to view every embarrassing comment, link or photo he had posted on his profile.

4. “I think it’s a recipe for disaster,” he says. “In 2007, I had some wall posts, which seemed appropriate at the time, but now after a lapse of four years, I have moved on and don’t want them to be openly displayed for all to see.”

5. And he is not alone. Many users, worried about how Facebook activity could possibly affect their offline lives, are choosing to commit ‘Facebook suicide’. While some have privacy concerns, others feel that the site that was meant to bring them closer to their friends actually does the opposite – it reduces their friendship to something superficial.

6. “Poking and liking are not enough to keep a friendship going,” says a business analyst. Having quit Facebook three years ago, she prefers meeting her ‘real’ friends face–to–face, instead of reading their trite posts online.

7. “On Facebook, people hype everyday issues including what they ate and where they went on a daily basis,” says this analyst who continues to use Twitter.

8. Similarly, an engineering student, quit Facebook last December four years after joining it. One fine day, he exported all the data from his account into a little zip file and hit the delete button.

9. “I realised that when it came to my friends who really mattered, I could actually keep in touch with them over the phone or by meeting them in real life,” he wrote on his blog.

11.1. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer the following questions in 30–40 words each:

(a) What feature of Timeline takes away a person’s privacy?
(b) What was the youngster’s initial reaction to Timeline?
(c) Why did the youngster change his mind later?
(d) What does term ‘Facebook suicide’ mean?
Answer:
(a) By clicking on a date on the Timeline one can see the posts, the embarrassing comments and thoughts, photos and links that a person has put on his profile in the past. This takes away his privacy.

(b) Initially the youngster found it to be well–organized as it had scrap–book like features. But only later he realized that it stores all the past information which can be seen by your friends if they go on to Timeline.

(c) The youngster changed his mind later because he realized that an information or poster put in the past may have been relevant then but today it may not be. People move on in life and sometimes they do not want their past to haunt them, they do not want their friends to see that and comment.

(d) Many people have started feeling that their Facebook activity could affect their real life. So they are getting out of Facebook. This is called ‘Facebook suicide’.

11.2. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer of the following:

(a) The meaning of the word ‘share’ in para 3 is ………………………… .
(i) liked
(ii) timeline
(iii) hidden
(iv) reveal
Answer:
(iv) reveal

(b) The opposite meaning of the word “retained in para 8 is ………………………… .
(i) exported
(ii) delete
(iii) account
(iv) quit
Answer:
(i) exported

(c) Timeline is a new feature on Facebook that forced the youngster to reconsider the advantages and disadvantages of being on Facebook. (True/False)
Answer:
True

(d) Many people are getting out of facebook as they feel that their facebook activity
Answer:
could affect their real life

12. Read the following passage carefully:

1. I came to California during spring; that alone was stressful. Then I discovered that academics here were much harder than back home. Add to this that I didn’t know anyone and had trouble making friends. I was getting more anxious by the day, and I didn’t know what to do. However, as time went by my shyness changed to excitement, and that excitement generated an adventurous spirit in me. I wanted to go out and explore Berkeley, and I was building up the courage to talk to more people.

2. I stayed in the dorms when I first arrived. Although most people on the floor had already formed their cliques, I’m still grateful to have lived there. I met people who introduced me to many clubs, classes, and activities that I might otherwise have missed out on.

3. Still, all the changes and challenges were really getting to me. I used to overeat when I was anxious, which didn’t benefit my body at all–my stomach would hurt, and then I’d be even more stressed that I didn’t feel well! “Talking” to someone wasn’t an idea that occurred to me until much later, when I learned that expressing my feelings might be a healthier (and less stomach–ache–inducing) way to relieve stress.

4. One of my first friends happened to be in the Health Worker Program (HWP). She was so amazing! I felt like I finally found someone to talk to, someone who would listen to me. Eventually, by the end of my first semester at California, things started to look up. I made more friends, I adjusted to the academics at Berkeley, and I learned how to live in a city completely different from my hometown. I don’t think I would have managed, though, if it had not been for my friend’s empathetic nature and peer counselling training. My experience with her led me to become a health worker as well. When one thinks of health, many images come to mind; the flu, a cough, medicine. With my major being Linguistics (read: a social science!), I was very apprehensive about applying to such a program. I quickly discovered, however, that being a health worker wasn’t about playing doctor–it’s about learning life skills (which I continue to use in my daily life, on and off campus) and becoming an advocate of health for your peers.

12.1. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer the following questions in 30–40 words each:

(a) What were the causes of stress for the writer?
(b) What recourse did the writer take to as time went by?
(c) What is the essential job of a health worker?
(d) How did meeting with the health worker help the writer?
Answer:
(a) The writer was new to California. He was away from his hometown and also the classroom learning was very different from what it was back in his hometown. That caused lots of stress and he had nobody to talk to about it.

(b) Initially he was a shy person but with time he developed interest in the things around him and slowly started talking to people, made friends and this helped him to beat the stress.

(c) Health workers are people whom you can go to, talk to and discuss your issues. Essentially they are life–skill trainers. They care for the health of their peers.

(d) Meeting the health worker gave more confidence to the writer, helped him adapt to the new surroundings and he decided to become a health worker himself so that he could help his peers with their problems.

12.2. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer of the following:

(a) In para 4, the synonym of ‘surprising’ is ……………………… .
(i) eventually
(ii) amazing
(iii) empathetic
(iv) apprehensive
Answer:
(ii) amazing

(b) In para 1, the antonym of ‘relax’ is ……………………… .
(i) excitement
(ii) courage
(iii) anxious
(iv) adventourous
Answer:
(ii) courage

(c) The writer was not a shy person, so soon he developed interest in the things around him and made friends easily. (True/False)
Answer:
False

(d) Health workers who care for the health of their peers are basically
Answer:
life skill trainer

13. Read the following passage carefully:

1. Every form of human activity upsets or changes the wildlife complex of the area unceasingly and unavoidably. Man has destroyed many forms of wildlife for no reasonable purpose. Small sections of the community, for their own narrow, selfish ends, have destroyed many things of general interest. Expediency has often led man to make grave blunders in land use, habitat destruction, and the extermination of many forms of wildlife.

2. In his everyday life, man’s attitude is determined in the main by purely practical considerations; ethical or moral considerations come afterwards. Looked at in this way, the disappearance from Britain of such animals as the wolf and wild boar can be more easily understood. In our intensively cultivated and over–populated country there was no room for such large mammals, the one a predator of big livestock and the other a pest to agriculture. Thus, man’s first attitude to animals is the result of their effect on his own survival, or what he considers to be their effect on his survival.

3. Then there is his concern with sport. The animals he sets aside for this purpose are given special protection and war is waged unceasingly on any other creatures that may be a danger to them. This creates many problems and man has made serious errors in his destruction of predators. Until recent years all hawks and falcons were destroyed as “vermin” by game preservers. This meant the destruction of kestrels, which are useful to the farmer: it meant the destruction of owls, which are useful to the farmer; so here you had sport acting against the interests of food production. agedy of all this is that all the killing of predators did not in any way improve man’s sport. It has been clearly shown by modern research that eagles, hawks, falcons and predatory mammals have not the slightest effect on the numbers of game birds anywhere.

4. Broadly speaking, man wages war against the creatures which he considers harmful, even when his warfare makes little or no difference to the numbers of his enemies. And he encourages those creatures which are useful, even though their attacks on pests make little difference to the numbers of those pests. It would be true to say, therefore, that our attitude to song–birds, to most birds of prey and to many of our predatory animals, arises from the fact that they have either been proved useful or of no consequence. Either way, from this, we have developed the idea of conservation which means preserving what we have left of our heritage of wildlife and even finding room for rarities which may do a little damage on the side.

13.1. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer the following questions in 30–40 words each:

(a) What has been man’s attitude towards wildlife?
(b) How is the justification given for the killing of wolves and wild boar in Britain?
(c) Why has man been killing predators?
(d) In the last paragraph the writer talks about contradictory opinions. Explain.
Answer:
Answer:
(a) Man is selfish and self–centred. He has no morals and ethics. For him it is practical aspects first and then other things. He can kill any animal, over–cultivate crops, cut forests and all this for his survival.

(b) Britain, being intensely cultivated and over–populated, destroyed its wolf and wild boar population because of man’s preoccupation with preserving only those animals that had practical implications therefore, the wolf, a predator of livestock and the boar, a pest to agriculture, were destroyed.

(c) Man has been killing predators because he thinks that they are a danger to the birds useful in sports. But killing these animals has had no effect on the number of game birds. In nature it is a cycle. If man disturbs this cycle everything gets disturbed.

(d) Man kills those animals which he thinks are harmful and protects those which he thinks are worth preserving. But in all this he forgets that it is his idea of conservation and not nature’s.

13.2. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer of the following:

(a) In para 1, the synonym of ‘opportunism’ is ………………………… .
(i) interest
(ii) expediency
(iii) extermination
(iv) blunders
Answer:
(ii) expediency

(b) In para 4, the antonym of ‘endangering’ is ………………………… .
(i) heritage
(ii) preserving
(iii) consequences
(iv) predatory
Answer:
(ii) preserving

(c) Conservation is an idea to preserve our heritage of wildlife from the damaging effect of human activity. (True/False)
Answer:
True

(d) Killing of predators by the man, who are a danger to the birds useful in sports has had no effect ………………………… .
Answer:
on the number of game birds

14. Read the following passage carefully:

1. Once upon a time, there lived a poor farmer with his wife and son in a small village. He toiled a lot in his field but the fruits of his labour were meagre. One day, exhausted by the heat, he laid down under the shadow of a tree to take a nap. All of a sudden, he saw a giant cobra crawling out of an ant–hill.

2. The farmer thought to himself, “Sure, this snake must be a deity guarding my field. So far I have not noticed it and that is why all my farming is in vain. Let me pay my respects to it now and worship it hereafter.” He then made up his mind, brought some milk in a bowl and placed it before the ant–hill. He said aloud,“ O! Lord! Guardian of my field! I did not know that you dwell here. Please forgive me for not paying respects to you.” He left the milk bowl there and went back to his house. The next morning, he was surprised to see a gold coin in the bowl.

3. Since then, the farmer placed a bowl of milk every day and got back a gold coin the next morning. Soon the farmer became rich and happy. This continued for sometime. One day, the farmer had. to go to a nearby city for a few days and so he directed his son to place the milk bowl near the ant–hill every day. The son kept the milk bowl and left, only to find a gold coin next day. He then thought to himself, “This ant–hill must be full of gold coins; I’ll kill the serpent and take all of them”.

4. The next day, while placing the bowl of milk, the farmer’s son struck the snake with a club. But the serpent escaped and bit him with his sharp fangs instead. He was dead at once. When the farmer returned, he learnt about his son’s fate and grieved. The next morning, he took the bowl of milk and went to the ant–hill.

5. The snake came out and said, “Your greed made you overlook even the loss of your son. Your son struck me in ignorance and I had bitten him to death. I cannot forget the blow on my head and you cannot forget the loss of your son. Hereafter, the friendship between us is not possible.” So saying, the snake gave a costly coin and disappeared. The farmer returned home cursing the foolishness of his son.

14.1. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer the following questions in 30–40 words each:

(a) Why did the farmer think of the snake as a deity?
(b) Was it right on the part of the farmer to presume that the snake was guarding the field?
(c) Did the farmer’s son get all the gold coins? Why?
(d) Why did the farmer give milk to the snake even after his son’s death? How did the snake react to the farmer?
Answer:
(a) The farmer had been toiling hard but had not received the fruits of his labour. The day he saw the giant cobra he thought that it must be a deity and since he had not offered his respects to the creature, he had not been able to flourish in life.

(b) In my opinion the farmer should not have presumed this way. That was probably the place where the cobra anyway lived. These are the places where creatures such as snake live. It was a mere co–incidence that the snake came out at that time. People have lot of superstitions and beliefs that have no basis and this is one such thing.

(c) No, the farmer’s son instead of feeding milk to the snake tried to kill it but it managed to escape and bit him with its sharp fangs instead. He was dead at once.

(d) This goes to show that the farmer was a greedy person. Even his son’s death did not deter him from going for the gold coin. On seeing him the snake came out and told him that their friendship was not possible, gave a gold coin and disappeared.

14.2. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer of the following:

(a) In para 2, the antonym of ‘neglecting’ is ………………………….. .
(i) guarding
(ii) deity
(iii) farming
(iv) paying
Answer:
(i) guarding

(b) In para 1, the synonym of ‘abundant is ………………………….. .
(i) toiled
(ii) exhausted
(iii) meagre
(iv) deficient
Answer:
(iii) meagre

(c) Farmer’s son also placed a bowl of milk for snake and got back a gold coin the next morning (True/False)
Answer:
True

(d) The farmer was a greedy person because even his son’s death did not deter him
Answer:
from giving milk to the snake for the gold coin.

15. Read the following passage carefully:

1. Work is something that we do, all through life. More important than the work we do, is our attitude to it. From the moment we are born, till we die, work is being done all the time, whether we like it or not, whether we want it or not. Even sitting idle or lying in bed is an activity, a work. Breathing, digesting, sleeping, waking up, blinking, keeping up our muscles tone, the slow process of formation of new cells and destruction of old ones, all these activities are work that goes on, with or without our consent. It is only in death that work truly ceases. Many people feel that they would like to retire at the age of 60 and do ‘nothing’. But as long as we are alive, it is impossible to do ‘nothing’.

2. Having agreed that work is unavoidable, we need to look at how we do the work. Whether it is a child who is playing, a mother who is feeding her child, a house help who is sweeping the floor, or a physician who is saving lives – what is important in all these activities is our attitude. Are you doing your work with a happy, creative, cheerful outlook, or are you constantly complaining and wishing for ‘something else to do? Because if you are miserable doing the work allotted to you, rest assured that you’ll remain miserable in whatever work you do.

3. Since work and activity is unavoidable, why not do it with pleasure, with interest, with involvement, with joy? What is in our hands, is how to react to the work that we do. When you are, standing in the queue to pay your child’s fees, or waiting at a government office to renew your licence or passport, you have only two choices: either spend the time relaxing and making friends with others standing in line, or spend the time irritated, angry and frustrated.

4. What is worship? It is offering something to God. Here, we are offering our work to God. We normally work only for our own benefit, for our own profits. When we are ready to give up this benefit, this profit, and accept anything and everything that comes our way as a blessing from God, then, our work becomes worship.

15.1. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer the following questions in 30–40 words each:

(a) What is more important work or attitude and why?
(b) What are the various things happening inside our body which we are not aware of?
(c) What kind of attitude should we possess towards our work?
(d) What are the choices we have when there is some urgent work that we have to complete?
Answer:
(a) Attitude is more important than work because of attitude we can do any work with a happy, creative, cheerful outlook. So, it is our attitude that makes the work a happy or a miserable experience.

(b) There are various things which we are not aware of. Even lying in bed is an activity. Blinking, sleeping, waking up, formation of new cells are all work that keep going on in our body without our knowledge.

(c) We should adopt a pleasurable attitude towards our work. This will make us feel involved in the work and make it a relaxing pre–occupation instead of feeling irritated, angry and frustrated by it.

(d) The choices that we have when performing an urgent piece of work is to accept everything that comes our way as a blessing from God and then the work becomes a form of worship.

15.2. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer of the following:

(a) The synonym of ‘advantage’ in para 4 is ……………………………. .
(i) after
(ii) profit
(iii) benefit
(iv) blessings
Answer:
(iii) benefit

(b) The antonym of ‘cheerful in para 2 is ……………………………. .
(i) happy
(ii) miserable
(iii) complaining
(iv) unavoidable
Answer:
(ii) miserable

(c) Work becomes worship when we worry about its fruits and profits, and do it with our personal interest. (True/False)
Answer:
False

(d) Attitude is more important than work because it is our attitude that makes the work
Answer:
happy or miserable experience

16. Read the following passage carefully:

1. Henry Ford was convinced that belief in self, whether positive or negative, always showed results. So if you believe you are capable, it’s true for you. Likewise, if you believe you’re incapable, that’s true for you as well.

2. Ford spoke from experience. For his humble beginnings as an apprentice machinist, when he had nothing with him except his passion for mechanics, to successfully founding the Ford Motor Company, his life was a fine example of belief in self. When Ford was working on designing a gasoline–powered car, his friend, the great Thomas Edison was not convinced about it. But Ford believed in his idea and carried on until he succeeded. A century later, cars still run on gasoline.

3. It is easy to see how positive beliefs work for us: when we believe we can achieve a goal, we work diligently and do what it takes until it sees the light of day – like Ford did.

4. There are those who look for reasons why things won’t go their way. And there are others who are only concerned about how they’ll make it work, and they do. This is because self–doubt and self–belief are products of the same mind.

5. Before 1970, experts believed that a man could not lift more than 500 pounds. Then along came Russian Olympian Vasily Alexeev, who decided to break the 500 pounds barrier. Initially, he could not lift more than 499 pounds. Then one day. his trainers put 501.5 pounds on his par without his knowledge, which he lifted thinking it was 499. Within a week of Vasily’s record–breaking lift, Serge Redding of Belgium and Ken Patera of USA also lifted more than 500 pounds.

6. So what was preventing these great weight lifters from crossing the 500–pound mark before 1970? It was their self–limiting belief. Once a new belief replaced the old one, there was no doubt left in their minds about their ability. William Shakespeare said: “Our doubts are traitors, and make us lose the good we oft might win, by fearing to attempt.”

7. Shakespeare uses the word ‘traitors’ to describe our doubts. He knew that despite being created by our own mind, our doubts cripple us, immobilise us and prevent us from reaching our potential. And just as a positive belief works in our favour, doubt – a negative belief – works against us. When you don’t have faith in your abilities, you have little motivation to–accomplish your goals. Consequently, you end up putting little, if any, effort towards making them a reality – and your goals never materialise.

16.1. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer the following questions in 30–40 words each:

(a) How do our beliefs affect us?
(b) What was that unique character trait that made Ford a successful businessman?
(c) What was happening to the weight lifter?
(d) ‘Our doubts are traitors”. Explain these words of Shakespeare.
Answer:
(a) Our beliefs affect us in both positive and negative ways and show results accordingly. If we think of ourselves as capable performer, we will be capable. If we consider ourselves incapable, our work will reflect likewise.

(b) The unique character trait that made Ford a successful businessman was his belief in himself. Even when others tried to convince him otherwise, as did Edison about gasoline powered engines, Ford remained unwavering in his self–belief and has been proved right.

(c) The weight lifter was convinced about his disability to lift above 500 pound. When unknowingly he lifted 501.5 pounds it was proved that a mental block was holding back his ability to cross the 500 pound mark in weight lifting.

(d) Shakespeare was absolutely right to say that ‘our doubts are traitors’ in his play ‘Measure for Measure’. Here ‘traitors’ imply doubts. It is a negative belief in us. If we do not have faith in our abilities, we can never reach our goal.

16.2. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer of the following:

(a) In para 3, the synonym of ‘earnestly’ is ……………………… .
(i) dilignetly
(ii) achieve
(iii) positive
(iv) crazily
Answer:
(i) dilignetly

(b) In para 7, the antonym of ‘strengthen’ is ……………………… .
(i) traitors
(ii) cripple
(iii) accomplish
(iv) potential
Answer:
(ii) cripple

(c) Here ‘traitors’ imply doubts that are positive blief in us and enhance our working to our full potential. (True/False)
(d) ‘Self doubt’ in this context means ……………………… .
Answer:
not having faith in oneself

17. Read the following passage carefully:

1. The river flows on. but sluggishly. Its surface is calm and smooth. It turns a bend at a clump of bamboo, gently passes a grove of coconut, and now drifts along with scarcely a murmur. It is wide, too. The engineers had needed unspeakable amounts of concrete and rupees to build a. bridge across and when that went into disrepair with age and neglect, they had needed even more to build another.

2. A white flock of river terns appears. The terns energetically flap their pointed wings but mill around in an effort to go slow with the flow. They swoop and pick off the surface of the river small silvery fish, floating strangely immobile on their side. It is easy work, for the fish are already dead. Dozens of dead fish follow, sprinkled and sparkling on the river, killed by poison or by the shock of a dynamite blast upriver. Some feed the terns, others drift here and there and below the culverts and into the nearby fields.

3. The waters had travelled far to get here. Blown by winds from across the ocean, meeting the great escarpment of the Western Ghats, rising as vapours and clouds, and bringing wafting mists and torrential rains, they had drenched the slopes of the mountains a hundred miles away. Not all the rain had travelled to the ocean, though much had arisen from the forest itself, ascending of roots and stems and transpiring through billions of leaves and leaflets. The forests pump hundreds of thousands of litres of water into the air, and the air returns some of it, falling as rain condensing as dew.

4. Some water flows overland, much sinks in, sponged by the leaf litter and soil. Below the surface, the water travels through pipes and aquifers far and wide, recharging ground waters, emerging as springs, and draining into streams feeding the wide river.

5. The clear waters from the forest join other waters; waters that gather the dust and carry the soil from the road–scars and the mine–wounds on the hill slopes. Waters deadened by passage through dams and reservoirs, through stagnant pools and ponds with hyacinth and algae. Waters carrying earth from furrowed and exposed soils under alien plantations of acacia and eucalyptus and from forests whose litter–blankets are harvested to enrich the nearby fields with nutriment. Waters course in with the wastes of villages, towns, and cities, the effluents of factories and the oil and fuel spilled from lorries washed on the banks.

6. The river passes a rice mill. The mill faces away from the river, with a neat garden in front and a mound of waste dumped at the back, on the banks.

7. The story of the river seems so familiar. The river gives us water for irrigation, drinking, washing, bathing, navigation, and power. It provides us fish and fertile plains, reeds and recreation. But, does the river really give to us all this or do we just take it? And what do we give back, if anything?

17.1. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer the following questions in 30–40 words each:

(a) What is the course that a river takes?
(b) What are terns? What do they pick from the river that is strange?
(c) The river is a combination of different waters. What are these?
(d) The writer says at the end ‘whether the river gives us or we take it. What is the difference between the two?
Answer:
(a) River flows on its own slowly, bends here and there, passes across trees and groves and then widens on to the plains.

(b) Terns are water birds which come in flocks to the river. Their food is the fish. They swoop over the river and catch the fish. The strange thing in this case is that these fishes are dead.

(c) There is the water that comes from the mountain clear and pure, goes into the forests, around trees and then there is the rain water. To this gets added water that comes as effluent from factories, waste from villages and towns and then this becomes impure.

(d) When somebody gives something to us we will take it with respect, gratitude and reverence. But ‘Man’ believes in taking, we take water as we need it for everything but never show respect to it.

17.2. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer of the following:

(a) In para 5, the synonym of ‘motionless’ is ……………………….. .
(i) dirtily
(ii) moving
(iii) stagnant
(iv) muddy
Answer:
(iii) stagnant

(b) In para 5, the antonym of ‘deplete’ is ……………………….. .
(i) carry
(ii) spilled
(iii) gather
(iv) enrich
Answer:
(iv) enrich

(c) The strange thing in case of the water birds, terns is that they catch only those fish which are alive. (True/False)
Answer:
False

(d) The river not only gives us water for irrigation, drinking, bathing, power, etc. but also provides us ……………………….. .
Answer:
fish and fertile plains, reeds and recreation