Category: CBSE Class 10

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English Language and Literature Paper 4 are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English Language and Literature Paper 4.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English Language and Literature Paper 4

Board	CBSE
Class	10
Subject	English Language and Literature
Sample Paper Set	Paper 4
Category	CBSE Sample Papers

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 10 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme, as prescribed by the CBSE, is given here. Paper 4 of Solved CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English Language and Literature is given below with free PDF download Answers.

Time: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions

• The paper consists of 3 sections: A, B, C.
• Attempt all the questions.
• Don’t write anything on the question paper.
• Read each question carefully and follow the given instructions.
• All the answers must be correctly numbered and written in the answer sheet provided to you.
• Strictly adhere to the word limit given in the question paper. Marks will be deducted for exceeding the word limit.
• Ensure that questions of each section are answered together.

SECTION A
(Reading – 20 Marks)

Question 1.
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: (8)

The Camera Can Lie-Sometimes

1. Much to their annoyance, pen-pushers are routinely reminded that a picture is worth a thousand words—except that sometimes they can be wrong “words” as happened last week when Reuters was forced to withdraw more than 900 pictures taken by a freelance photographer after it was suspected that he had “doctored” two recent photographs of the Israeli-Lebanon conflict.

2. In one picture, the smoke billowing from an apartment block after an Israeli air strike was allegedly thickened by the photographer, Adnan Hajj, to dramatize the impact of the bombardment – and in another two flares were suspected to have been added to an image of an Israeli jet in action over Lebanon.

3. The allegation of doctoring, first made by several bloggers, was confirmed by Reuters after an in-house investigation. Mr. Hajj, who had sold pictures to Reuters for more than 10 years, denied manipulating the two photographs and attributed the thick smoke in the first picture to “bad lighting” and the fact that he was “trying to remove dust marks.” As for the second, he said, “there was no problem with it – not at all.”

4. But Reuters was not convinced and said it was removing all of these pictures from its database and would not be using his service anymore. “This represents a serious breach of Reuters’ standards and we shall not be accepting or using pictures taken by him,” the news agency said.

5. The idea that the camera never lies is as misleading as the notion that all statistics are meant to mislead. What the “eye” sees is not always what it looks like, thanks to the many ways in which first the camera and then the photograph can be – and is often – manipulated. Indeed, a photograph can be manipulated in more ways – and more effectively – to convey a false reality than it is possible to go through the written word. Ask any clever photographer and he will tell you the tricks camera be made to play.

6. At a seminar recently, one journalist recalled how there was a time when British photographers, covering stories about famine or floods in Third World countries, would cany teddy bears ’ with them in order to use them as prop for pictures supposedly showing that all that was left in household, stricken by death and destruction, were children’s toys. (Source: The Hindu)

1.1. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer any eight the following questions in brief: (1 x 8 = 8)
(a) Why was Reuters forced to withdraw the pictures?
(b) What was Adnan Hajj accused of?
(c) Why is photography manipulated?
(d) Teddy bears were used as props.
(e) What is the meaning of ‘doctored’?
(f) Which statement in the passage resembles the idea that he is ‘camera never lies’ is also misleading?
(g) What has been reminded by pen pushers?
(h) Who can tell us about the tricks played by the camera?
(i) Find the word in paragraph 3 which means the same as ‘controlling’.

Question 2.
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: (12)

1. Advertising was initially meant to make people aware of the goods available in the market. It was as simple as announcing what you have in your store or the services you offer in your premises. Over the years, advertising has evolved into a major industry that beyond informing to persuading and influencing. It is a form of brainwashing consumers.

2. Advertising has become a type of culture with ardent followers. In the process, it attracts enviable attention from manufacturers and service providers who fancy an edge over their competitors. Unfortunately, in keeping with the ever-increasing demands of the manufacturers, the advertisers have resulted to creating unnecessary wants and excess consumption in most of us. This is craving for harmful products that we are better off without. It preys on our minds rendering us completely irrational. The billboards (hoardings), television and radio advertisements target us from a very early age, forming our view of the world as we grow into adults. The buzzwords in advertising are, ‘you are cool and sophisticated’, if you use this or that product.

3. The notion that the media is primarily in place to give us news is not very true. If the truth may be told, the media is there to gather enough audience, package them into a pricey commodity and sell it to the advertisers. The advertisers, on the other hand, are always on the lookout for a target audience to persuade them that this product or service is better than that of the competitor.

4. Advertising does influence people. Most of the advertisements are filled with images that equate emotional well-being with material acquisition and associate independence and leisure with consumption of alcohol. Advertising also makes people lavish their products rather than real people, thereby destroying human relationships. We have become trapped in the web of advertising where products like brands of beer and cigarette take over our minds, doing away with our core family values.

5. When you look critically at most of the advertisements on the television, you will discover how persuasive the advertisers are in deciding for us what, when, how much and why to buy. But most people think that they are not influenced by advertisements. This is precisely what the advertisers want us to think, that in the end ‘the people decide’. If you think deeply, nobody in this profit-minded sense will pay so much money to make a thirty-second advertisement, which might not be seen by a hundred people, leave alone convince them to buy. How we strike a healthy balance between the two will definitely have a direct bearing on the future of our country.

2.1. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer any four of the following questions in brief: (2 x 4 = 8)
(a) What was the purpose of advertising?
(b) How do advertisements make us irrational?
(c) How does advertising affect us?
(d) Give an example to show that people become trapped in the web of advertising.
(e) What do you discover when you look at advertisement critically?

2.2. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer any four of the following: (1 x 4 = 4)
(a) Find the word in paragraph 2 which means the same as ‘strong desire’.
(i) desperate
(ii) wish
(iii) craving
(iv) urge

(b) Advertising has changed into ………..
(i) a major sport
(ii) a major industry
(iii) gym
(iv) a stadium

(c) Advertisements are generally filled with ……….
(i) pictures
(ii) colors
(iii) images
(iv) dresses

(d) …………. convince people to buy things.
(i) Books
(ii) Images
(iii) Looks
(iv) Advertisements

(e) In paragraph 5, ……… means ‘exactly’.
(i) vague
(ii) doubtful
(iii) precisely
(iv) strictly

SECTION B
(Writing & Grammar – 30 Marks)

Question 3.
Water scarcity in some of the areas has created a lot of problems. Write an article in about 100-120 words on “Conservation of Water: The Need of the Hour”.
OR
You are Arjun Kapoor, the resident of 43/9, Shyam Enclave, Delhi. You visited Manali with your family during the summer vacation. You had two double suites at Lake View resort. Your stay at the hotel fell far short of the description in the brochure. Write a letter of complaint to the Customer Service Department to refund for your hotel stay.

Question 4.
Complete the following story in about 150-200 words. (10)
Suresh worked in a factory. He was a watchman. He was very brave. One day he saw that Mithun was stealing something from a factory. He caught him red-handed. Mithun tried ………
OR
Given below is an outline of a story. Taking help from the outline, develop an interesting story in about 150-200 words.
Outline: Sachin and Amit arrived at a hill station/decided to explore the place on their own/ visited few tourist places/both returned home disappointed.

Question 5.
Fill in any four gaps by choosing the most appropriate words from the options given below. (1 x 4 = 4)
My mother was both a mother and a father (a) …….. me. She taught us the right values. Until she passed away, (b) …….. all looked towards her (c) …….. support. We were very scared of her. She was a wonderful cook (d) ……… taught us all how to cook. She (e) ………. to provide emotional support to us.
(a) (i) to (ii) of (iii) in (iv) at
(b) (i) they (ii) we (iii) she (iv) then
(c) (i) of (ii) for (iii) in (iv) at
(d) (i) or (ii) and (iii) but (iv) until
(e) (i) uses (ii) used (iii) using (iv) were use

Question 6.
The following passage has not been edited. There is one error in each line. Write the incorrect word and the correction against any four lines of the passage. (1 x 4 = 4)

Question 7.
Rearrange any four of the following groups of words and phrases to form meaningful sentences: (1 x 4 = 4)
(a) today / with / their / the / in / gadgets / children / bom / are / hands
(b) games / and / surf / they / to / video / love / intemet / play
(c) these / only / lives / their / technology / wonders revolve / of / around
(d) hampered / any / their / game / they / outdoor / as / growth / is / physical / do not / play
(e) play / physical / ground / in/ campus / education /is / and / imported

SECTION C
(Literature : Textbook & Long Reading Text – 30 Marks)

Question 8.
Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow: (1 x 4 = 4)
Never shall a young man
Thrown into despair
By those great honey-colored
Ramparts at your ear.
(a) Who is the speaker?
(b) Who is the speaker talking to?
(c) What do you mean by the ‘honey colored ramparts’ here?
(d) Why does a young man love a young woman, according to the poet?
OR
There was no answer. The radio was dead too. I had no radio, no compass and I could not see where I was. I was lost in the storm. Then in the black clouds quite near me, I saw another airplane. It had no lights on its wings, but I could see it flying next to me through the storm. I could see the Pilot’s face-turned towards me. I was very glad to see another person.
(a) What surprised the speaker most?
(b) What did he see in the black clouds?
(c) Why couldn’t he contact the Paris Control?
(d) Where was the narrator going?

Question 9.
Answer any four of the following questions in 30-40 words each: (2 x 4 = 8)
(a) What encouraged the policy of apartheid in South Africa?
(b) Justify the title of the story “The Hundred Dresses”.
(c) Who robbed Shotover Grange? Whom did the police arrest and why?
(d) How do you assess Griffin as a scientist?
(e) How was Lencho’s life affected by the rain?

Question 10.
Answer any one of the following questions in about 100-120 words: (8)
Baking was considered an essential and profitable profession in a traditional Goan village. What reasons does the writer give to support his point?
OR
‘Presence of mind and intelligence is more powerful than a gun.’ How far is it true in case of Ausable, the secret agent?

Question 11.
Answer any one of the following questions in about 200-250 words: (10)
Write a brief pen sketch of Mrs. Edith Frank.
OR
What restrictions were imposed on the Jew’s freedom? How did the laws affect the Frank family?
OR
“Miss Sullivan’s method of imparting education to Helen was unique.” Elaborate this statement.
OR
“Mr. Michael Anagnos was an important character.” Write a character sketch of Michael Anagnos.

Answers

Answer 1.
(a) Reuters was forced to withdraw pictures as it was suspected that he had doctored two recent photographs of the Israeli-Lebanon conflict.
(b) Adnan Hajj was accused of doctoring the photos.
(c) Photography is manipulated to convey a false sense of reality.
(d) to interest the children.
(e) It means to falsify.
(f) All statistics are meant to mislead.
(g) A picture is worth a thousand words.
(h) A clever photographer.
(i) Manipulating.

Answer 2.
2.1. (a) Advertising was meant to make people aware of the goods available in the market.
(b) Advertising creates unnecessary wants and excess consumption in most of us. This is a craving for harmful products that we are better off without. It preys on our minds rendering us completely irrational.
(c) Advertising does influence people. Most of the advertisements are filled with images that equate emotional well being with a material acquisition and associate independence and leisure with consumption of alcohol.
(d) We have become trapped in the web of advertising where products like brands of beer and cigarette take over our minds, doing away with our core family values.
(e) How persuasive the advertisers are in deciding for us what, when, how much and why to buy.

2.2. (a) (iii) craving
(b) (ii) a major industry
(c) (iii) images
(d) (iv) Advertisements
(e) (iii) precisely

Answer 3.

Conservation of Water

Water is a natural resource. It is very precious. Earth’s natural resources are depleting at an alarming rate due to the increase in human population, rapid industrialization, and urbanization. Trees are being cut indiscriminately and the result is groundwater levels are falling and the day is not far when wars will be fought for water. It is needless to say that water is the most essential resource for life. If we need water in the future we should conserve it urgently. We can save water in many ways. First of all the taps should be used properly and kept turned off always. Water should not be wasted while bathing or washing floors. Reuse water wherever possible. Fix alarm to water tanks so that overflow can be prevented. We must keep in mind that water should be conserved, not wasted. Conservation helps prevent water pollution in nearby lakes, rivers, and local watersheds. Conserving water is something that we all should do.

OR

43/9, Shyam Enclave
Delhi
12th July, 20xx
Customer Service Department
Lake View Resort
Manali

Sub: Complaint about the double suites
Ref. No: Holiday reference Number BM 3278 M

Sir,
I had booked two double suites of rooms, 111 and 112, at your resort for a week from 10.05.20xx to 16.05.20xx for me and my family. My central complaint is that the hotel fell far short of the description in the brochure.
Although the rooms were billed as four-star accommodation, they were cramped, and the furnishings were worn out and dirty. The hotel grounds, described in the brochure as “Pleasant, tranquil, and spacious”, were in fact next to a busy main road. The swimming pool was closed for repairs.
I registered a formal complaint with the front office detailing these issues. I feel that we are due to a full refund for this hotel stay as it failed to meet our expectations and ruined our holiday. Looking forward to a prompt reply.

Yours faithfully
Arjun Kapoor
Enel: Copy of the bill
Photographs for evidence

Answer 4.
Suresh worked in a factory. He was a watchman. He was very brave. One day he saw that Mithun was stealing something from a factory. He caught him red-handed. Mithun tried to give him half of the share but Suresh was a trustworthy and faithful servant. He could not be dishonest. He has always believed that honesty is the best policy. Mithun threatened him with ‘ dire consequences if he disclosed his name. But Suresh did not give in to his threat. Suresh caught hold of him (Mithun) and tried to drag him to the owner. But Mithun was stronger than him (Suresh) and overpowered him. Mithun took out a knife and stabbed him. But Suresh caught hold of him tightly with his strong arms. Meanwhile, some other workers heard the noise and reached there. All of them started beating Mithun. The master also came hurriedly. He informed the police about it and the police arrested Mithun. The master was impressed with Suresh’s honesty and bravery. Suresh was promoted and awarded by the owner. Honesty always pays.
OR
Sachin and Amit decided to go to Shimla during their autumn break. This time they had planned to travel without their parents and explore the place on their own. They had done research on the internet and had chalked out their plan accordingly. They did ail their booking outline. Everything seemed to be exactly as they had planned. Little did they know that their trip would end before it took off. They got off at Kalka and decided to take the mini train to Shimla. The train crawled slowly through the thick forest and bridges over gushing streams. Sachin and Amit decided to jump off the train to take some pictures. The train was running at a speed less than 15-20 km/hr. Judging the speed they both were sure that they could run and catch the train in five minutes. After clicking a few photographs they ran towards the train, Sachin hit a big boulder and fell down. He gave out a big scream. He had fractured his leg. Amit panicked but had the presence of mind to run along and signal to the driver to stop the train. Some passengers carried Sachin back to the train. The drivers informed the police about the emergency. When the train entered the station they saw an ambulance waiting for them. It took them to the nearest hospital where his leg was put in plaster. They came down the very next day.

Answer 5.
(a) (i) to
(b) (ii) we
(c) (ii) for
(d) (ii) and
(e) (ii) used

Answer 6.
Incorrect Correction
(a) on at
(b) being be
(c) exploring explore
(d) that those
(e) disappears disappeared

Answer 7.
(a) Today the children are born with gadgets in their hands.
(b) They love to play video games and surf the internet.
(c) Their lives revolve around these wonders of technology only.
(d) Their physical growth is hampered as they do not play any outdoor game.
(e) Physical education is imported in playgrounds and campus.

Answer 8.
(a) The young man is the speaker.
(b) The young man is talking to a young woman.
(c) The woman’s yellow hair.
(d) A young man loves a young woman because of her physical beauty.
OR
(a) The speaker was surprised to see his compass and radio, almost dead.
(b) He saw another airplane in the black clouds.
(c) He could not contact Paris Control because his radio failed to work.
(d) The narrator was going to England.

Answer 9.
(a) South Africa attracted the white people because of its minerals and gems. The war for domination ensued henceforth. After the Anglo-Boer war, the white people started ruling over the native black-skinned South Africans. This system of racial domination i.e. the apartheid was used to exploit the blacks.
(b) Wanda was a gifted painter. She had drawn exquisite hundred designs of beautiful dresses. If she had the fabric she would have made hundred real dresses. That’s why she called them dresses and not designs. She gifts these dresses to the girls. They felt sorry for her. Hence the title is perfectly appropriate.
(c) Actually, it was the lady-in-red who robbed the Shotover Grange. The police arrested Horace Danby because his fingerprints were found all over the room and on the safe. Nobody believed him when he said that the owner lady asked him to do so.
(d) Griffin was a brilliant scientist. He invented some drugs and made himself an invisible man. But he misused his scientific discovery and became a lawless person. Griffin was thus not a true scientist.
(e) Lencho was a hard-working farmer. He lived with his family on the crest of a low hill. He was going to get a very good crop this year. His field needed only a downpour. The rain started. But within a very short time, the rain turned into hailstones. It destroyed his crop completely. Thus the rain affected his life badly.

Answer 10.
Goa is very much influenced by the Portuguese. Baking was considered an essential and profitable profession in a traditional Goan village. The Portuguese are famous for preparing the loaves of bread. We can come across the bakers of bread. It is their traditional family work. The villagers were much fond of the sweet bread known as ‘bol’. The marriage gifts were meaningless without it. So the baker’s furnaces were essential. ‘Cakes’ and ‘bolinhas’ formed an important item on various occasions like Christmas and other festivals. The baker would collect the bill at the end of the month. They recorded their accounts on the wall in pencil. Baking was a profitable business in the old days. The baker and his family never starved and they looked happy and prosperous.
OR
A good spy need not be handsome, attractive and smart. Physical strength can be an added advantage but certainly not the essential one. Secret agents have to face critical situations at every step. One night, Ausable found Max in his room. There was an automatic pistol in his hand. He had come there to take the report from Ausable. Max was also a secret agent of another organization. Ausable was not the least afraid of Max’s presence. He thought of a clever trick. He convinced Max about a balcony outside the window. Just then there was a loud knock at the door. Ausable told Max that it was police to provide him security. Max had no time to think. Max rushed towards the window and dropped to the non-existent balcony and met his tragic end. Ausable did not use physical strength. He won over the critical situation by his sheer presence of mind.

Answer 11.
Mrs. Edith Frank was the mother of Anne and Margot Frank. She was born in 1900 as Edith Hollanders in Aachen, Germany. She .lived a luxurious life since her family was well placed. Servants were employed to help her in running the household. She married Mr. Otto Frank in 1925 who was eleven years older to her. They lived a comfortable life in Frankfurt, Germany, where both Margot and Anne were born. In 1933, the Franks moved to Amsterdam, Holland to escape Hitler’s persecution of the Jews in Germany. When the Nazi invaded Holland, she went into hiding with her family in 1942. Anne realized her mistake of misjudging her mother when she grew mature. However, Mrs. Edith Frank was affectionate and displayed good negotiable skills. She proved logical while resolving adults’ fights in the Annexe. Hailing from a rich background, she could not adjust to the life of the Annexe where the scarcity of basic necessities, cramped quarters and putting in hard work greatly irritated her. All these frustrations were vented out on her younger daughter Anne who thought her to be far removed from an Ideal Mother. Mrs. Frank’s partial attitude towards Margot infuriated Anne and intensified her negative feelings about her mother. Therefore she presented her mother in a negative way throughout the diary.
OR
The Franks left Frankfurt, Germany to move to Holland to escape the persecution of Hitter and the Nazis who had overtaken Germany. Bu’ when the Germans invaded Holland in 1940, the same laws imposed on Germany were extended to the Netherlands. Anne thinks the laws are unjust. She explains how the condition of the Jewish people is worsening. It is unfair that Jews cannot use streetcars, that they must wear yellow stars and attend schools meant for Jews. Though she is optimistic about her family’s safety and states that life is bearable, she realizes that they are not safe. Having been forced into hiding, Anne’s entire life and worldview is quickly transformed. She hears her friends are taken to concentration camps. Her fears grow and fail to understand why the Jewish people have been segregated for this discrimination and restrictions are imposed on them. She also questions why she remains quite safe where her friends outside are facing adverse times. On hearing that the Dutch are becoming more anti-Semitic. She is disheartened but remains quite optimistic about the future of the people at large.
OR
A wonderful teacher transforms the lives of his pupils. Real learning is possible only when the learner is ready to receive it and the teacher is genuinely involved to impart the fundamentals of education. “Any teacher can take a child to the classroom, but not every teacher can make him learn”. The arrival of Miss Sullivan was the turning point in the life of Helen. Miss Sullivan’s love for details and descriptive competency was par excellence. Above all, she was familiar with the psyche of the child. Amidst a free environment, Helen was bound to make unprecedented progress. She believed in the depth of knowledge. Sullivan took Helen out of doors to learn about facts of life. Nature was a great teacher and she incorporated this subject to supplement her teaching. The pearls from varied books were also incorporated. It was a joyful experience for Helen and she actively participated in the teaching-learning process. She had learned to accept life as it was offered to her and made the best use of the gift of life that was given to her. Helen felt an inner urge in the quest of knowledge and now generations treasure her, all due to the indomitable determination of Keller and the exemplary role of Miss Sullivan.
OR
Mr. Michael Anagnos was the director of the Perkin Institution for the blind. He recommended Miss Anne Sullivan to be Helen’s private teacher and both of them were bounded in a strong pupil-teacher relationship. He persuaded Anne to bring Helen to study every now and then at the Perkin Institution and introduced her to many people who lived in Boston. Being a good friend of Helen, he encouraged and appreciated her compositions. He got ‘The Frost King’ published in the Institution’s annual report. Soon Helen’s progress began to spread all around the United States. Anagnos hoped that Helen’s successes would prove a good advertisement for the Perkin Institution which had educated Anne as he teaches. But he was horrified to discover that the story was not the original composition of Helen. He remarked that Anne Sullivan had acted too strongly to support Keller in order to win praise for her own success with Helen. This incident put an end to their relationship and both of them could never patch up again.

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CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English Language and Literature Paper 7 are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English Language and Literature Paper 7.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English Language and Literature Paper 7

Board	CBSE
Class	10
Subject	English Language and Literature
Sample Paper Set	Paper 7
Category	CBSE Sample Papers

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 10 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme, as prescribed by the CBSE, is given here. Paper 7 of Solved CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English Language and Literature is given below with free PDF download Answers.

Time: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions

• The paper consists of 3 sections: A, B, C.
• Attempt all the questions.
• Don’t write anything on the question paper.
• Read each question carefully and follow the given instructions.
• All the answers must be correctly numbered and written in the answer sheet provided to you.
• Strictly adhere to the word limit given in the question paper. Marks will be deducted for exceeding the word limit.
• Ensure that questions of each section are answered together.

SECTION A
(Reading – 20 Marks)

Question 1.
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: (8)

1. Filmmaker Pankaj Johar’s new film, Still Standing, is about his quadriplegic father, Rajinder Johar, who has not only come to terms with his disability but is a source of inspiration to many. The film is an emotive tribute by a son to his father, a man of immense courage.

2. “I knew that this is a story that the world needs to know,” says Pankaj. “My father has turned a personal disaster into an opportunity to serve society. This film is a dedication to the unbreakable spirit of this man.” Rajinder Johar has learned to accept his disability with stoic acceptance and good cheer. Among the many case studies presented in the film, is one of Sabina who was four years old when she lost both her legs in a train accident. Life became really tough for her. She went to Rajinder Johar who had, in the meantime set up an NGO, Family of Disabled (FOD). He helped her set up a small shop and later gave her a tricycle which she now used to go to work and ferry her children from school.

3. The film also shows a talented painter, Seema, at work. She lost both her hands in an accident at a very young age. But she has trained herself to do a lot of things with her feet, including painting. “When she came to meet my father, she was looking for a platform to showcase her talent. My father helped her but unfortunately, she has not been able to find buyers for her paintings,” says Pankaj. But other painters like Imamuddin, who is speech and hearing impaired, have been luckier.

4. Rajinder Johar’s family bore the brunt of his disability. Pankaj recalls that the family would never go on vacations and he was always embarrassed to bring his friends home. Today Pankaj considers himself lucky to have had the opportunity of watching his inspiring father at close quarters.

5. “People have different celebrities as their role models. I had one right at home,” he says. It shows in his loving portrayal of his father: Still Standing is a moving film for the audience.

1.1. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer any eight of the following questions in brief: (1 x 8 = 8)
(a) Name the movie of Pankaj Johar. What is it about?
(b) Who was Sabina? What happened to her?
(c) How did Rajinder Johar help Sabina?
(d) What was unfortunate for Seema, besides she worked very hard?
(e) What embarrassed Pankaj?
(f) What was the point that filmmaker Pankaj Johar wants to convey through his film Still Standing?
(g) Why does Pankaj consider himself lucky?
(h) Name another painter who was speech and hearing impaired.
(i) Find the word in paragraph 1, which means the same as ‘homage’.

Question 2.
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: (12)

1. Deserts are usually hot and barren places; yet, they are also beautiful. A few plants, rocks and dusty red-brown soil make up the ingredients of most North American deserts where there is sufficient food and water for certain animals to survive.

2. One famous dry and hot place in the world with no visible rock or plant barely any water is the Sahara Desert. It is the largest desert in the world and is located in Northern Africa. It gives the impression of an ocean of pure white sand. Surprisingly, the Sahara is home to many strange animals.

3. These animals have survived over many generations because they were able to adapt to their particular conditions. However, a certain number of species were unable to adapt fast enough to their environment and so died out. One of the most interesting animals in the Sahara is the sand stink which in French means ‘fish of the desert’. The sand stink behaves just like a fish except that instead of in water, it ‘swims’ through the sand. Its legs act as fins and the hard scales on its skin act as armor helping it move through the sand. A piece of transparent skin protects its eyes as it swims through the sand. Its eggs are covered with skin to prevent dehydration.

4. Another desert animal that hides from the sun is the desert shrimp. The lifespan of these tiny animals is only about two weeks because that is about when puddles of water from desert rainstorms dry up. They are able to survive in the hot conditions, but without their main source of survival, they dehydrate and are virtually roasted to death.

5. One of the rare animals able to bask in the desert sun is the camel. For many hundreds of years, the camel has been the ‘horse of the desert’, helping travelers across the desert. This ‘horse’ is slow-moving, yet it is big and strong enough to carry extremely heavy loads. The camel has larger feet almost like snowshoes. This characteristic prevents it from sinking into the sand.

6. A camel is able to drink up to one hundred and eighteen liters of water in a day. Once it is full, it can move for five to seven days without water, carrying its own portable ‘water tank’. Its humps help to store fats which serve as a storage of strength, removing the need for food, sometimes for a week. In fact, the humps become smaller as the camel consumes the fats stored. They also help to regulate the camel’s temperature.

2.1. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer any four of the following questions in brief: (2 x 4 = 8)
(a) How much water is a camel able to drink up in a day? What is the use of its hump?
(b) Name one of the interesting animals in the Sahara. Describe it.
(c) What prevents camel to sink into the sand?
(d) Why can only certain animals survive in the North American deserts?
(e) Why is the lifespan of desert shrimps very short?

2.2. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer any four of the following: (1 x 4 = 4)
(a) The water tank of camels is …………
(i) very strong
(ii) portable
(iii) sandy
(iv) hot

(b) In paragraph 4, ……….. means a small pool.
(i) lake
(ii) oyster
(iii) puddles
(iv) pond

(c) All the deserts are ………
(i) hot
(ii) barren
(iii) fertile
(iv) hot and barren

(d) The Sahara Desert is the ………. desert.
(i) wet
(ii) largest
(iii) comfortable
(iv) beautiful

(e) In paragraph 4, the synonym of persist is ………..
(i) is
(ii) die
(iii) survive
(iv) stop

SECTION B
(Writing & Grammar – 30 Marks)

Question 3.
Write an article on the topic “Save Nature, Save Mankind” with the help of the following value points in about 100-120 words. (8)

• Increased human population
• Decreased forest area
• Extinction of wild animals reasons being encroaching, poaching
• Loss of habitat
• Break in food chains

OR

You are Pawan Sikri/Harsh Mishra, Head, Fitness Group of Gold Gym, 234, Ram Vihar, Delhi. You wish to purchase certain herbal medicines and wellness products. Write a letter to the Store Manager, M/s East India, 54, Preet Vihar, Delhi placing an order for the specific products required by you.

Question 4.
Develop the following outline into a story of about 150-200 words. (10)
Outlines: Mrs. Shivani Kapoor/walking with a heavy basket/two underaged bikers/jumped the red light/hit her/snatched diamond necklace/cried/young man and a couple helped to catch/finally Mrs. Shivani advised to follow traffic signals.
OR
Develop a story with the help of the following opening line.
Once there lived a king Shibi Thakur. He was just and powerful ………..

Question 5.
Fill in any four gaps by choosing the most appropriate words from the options given below. (1 x 4 = 4)
Maria father taught mathematics (a) ………. physics in secondary school and shared his passion (b) ……….. learning and knowledge (c) ………. his children. The formative years left (d) …….. indelible impression on young Maria. Her contributions such as the discovery of Radium (e) ……….. other key elements help us out every day.

(a) (i) and (ii) or (iii) both (iv) of
(b) (i) of (ii) on (iii) in (iv) for
(c) (i) to (ii) but (iii) with (iv) and
(d) (i) the (ii) an (iii) a (iv) some
(e) (i) but (ii) which (iii) and (iv) who

Question 6.
The following passage has not been edited. There is one error in each line. Write the incorrect word and the correction against any four lines of the passage. (1 x 4 = 4)

Question 7.
Rearrange any four of the following groups of words and phrases to form meaningful sentences: (1 x 4 = 4)
(a) cultural / of / the / anticipated / camival / festival / Hombill / most / is / Negaland / the
(b) Located in Northeast India / state / very / is / beautiful / Nagaland / diverse / ethnically / a / and
(c) Hombill / the / named / is / Indian / after / the / festival
(d) Naga / wom / the / traditional / festivities / often / on / is / headgears / displayed / hombill / during / wom / tribal
(e) Nagaland / all / the / this / part / take / tribes / of / festival / in

SECTION C
(Literature : Textbook & Long Reading Text – 30 Marks)

Question 8.
Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow: (1 x 4 = 4)

Has given my heart
A change of mood
And saved some part
of a day I had rued.

(a) Name the poem and the poet.
(b) When did the poet’s mood change?
(c) What was the change in the poet’s mood?
(d) What is the rhyming scheme used in the above lines?
OR
I checked the Map and the compass switched over to my second and last fuel tank and turned the Dakota twelve degrees west towards England.
I’ll be on time for breakfast’, I thought A good big English breakfast! Everything was going well it was an easy flight.
(a) Why did the pilot check the map and the compass?
(b) Name the airplane he was flying.
(c) Why was the pilot feeling satisfied?
(d) Where did the pilot think to have his breakfast?

Question 9.
Answer any four of the following questions in 30-40 words each: (2 x 4 = 8)
(a) What happened when Maxwell took Mijbil to the bathroom? What did Mijbil do two days after that?
(b) Why did Prince Siddhartha (Gautama) leave the palace and become a monk?
(c) How did Mr. Loisel purchase a suitable costume for his wife?
(d) In what respect was Bholi different from her sisters?
(e) Nothing is immortal in this universe. Fire and ice are very powerful things. They will destroy it. But hatred is more powerful. Explain.

Question 10.
Answer any one of the following questions in about 100-120 words: (8)
Write a character sketch of Natalya Stepanovna.
OR
What does Bill say about Lutkin’s character to the narrator?

Question 11.
Answer any one of the following questions in about 200-250 words: (10)
Why did the Franks have to go into hiding? Where was the hiding place located and how does Anne describe it?
OR
Describe the different ways in which Anne experienced Racism. Give examples.
OR
How did Helen realize that she was different from other people? What was her reaction?
OR
Who were Helen’s book friends? What was their importance in Helen’s life?

Answers

Answer 1.
(a) Pankaj Johar’s new film is Still Standing. It is about his quadriplegic father Rajinder Johar. The film is a source of inspiration to many.
(b) Sabina was a four-year-old girl who lost her both legs in a train accident.
(c) Sabina wants to Rajinder Johar who helped her in setting up a small shop and later gave her a tricycle.
(d) Seema painted a lot of paintings with her (legs) feet but unfortunately, she was not able to find buyers for her paintings.
(e) Pankaj was embarrassed to bring his friends home, i.e. disability of his father.
(f) The point was that one should never give up. There is always something that one can do despite his disability.
(g) Pankaj considers himself lucky because he had the opportunity of watching his inspiring father at close quarters.
(h) Imamuddin
(i) Tribute.

Answer 2.
2.1. (a) A camel is able to drink up one hundred and eighteen liters of water. Its humps help to store fats which serve as a storage of strength, removing the need for food.
(b) One of the interesting animals in the Sahara is the sand stink which is known as ‘fish of the desert’ in French. The sand stink behaves as fish except that in water it swims through the sand.
(c) The camel has large feet almost like snowshoes. This characteristic almost prevents it from sinking into the sand.
(d) Only certain animals can survive in the North American deserts because sufficient food and water is there to survive.
(e) The desert shrimps are small creatures. When the puddles of water dry up in the desert, they dehydrate and are virtually roasted to death.

2.2. (a) (ii) portable
(b) (iii) puddles
(c) (iv) hot and barren
(d) (ii) largest
(e) (iii) survive

Answer 3.

Save Nature, Save Mankind

The delicate balance of Nature has been disturbed due to the increased population of human beings. The activities of mankind have led to decreasing in the green cover comprising forest land. This has resulted in many wild animals getting extinct or reaching the brink of extinction. Increased population results in the clearing of forest lands. Encroaching is done for farming, leading to a decrease in living space for wild animals. Poaching for skins, rhino horns, elephant Turks, has led to a decrease in their numbers. Not only has the loss of habitat played havoc but the greed for animal products has caused the dwindling of the species of tigers, rhinoceros, crocodile and many of the birds. This has adversely affected the food chains. There is an urgent need for afforestation and strict implementation of forest laws. More wildlife sanctuaries are needed to protect the forest land. More voluntary agencies need to be active and work for Gandhiji’s message ‘Nature has enough for man’s need but not for man’s greed.’

OR

Gold Gym
234, Ram Vihar
Delhi-110087
30th July, 20xx
The Store Manager
East India
Preet Vihar
Delhi-110092

Sub: Order for herbal medicines and wellness products

Sir,
We have recently opened a fitness center at Ram Vihar and hence we require certain herbal medicines and wellness products. You are the biggest wholesale suppliers of products and offer the most competitive prices and prompt services.
The order is as follows:

Sl. No.	Medicines/ Wellness Products	Brand	Quantity (Sachets)
1.	Neem Power (100 gm)	Herbal life	250
2.	Aloe Vera Gel (500 ml)	D.W.C.	500
3.	Gooseberry Candy (250 gm)	Organics India	500
4.	Coffee Beans Extract (50 gm)	Organics India	1000
5.	Bitter Gourd Pills (10 pills)	D.W.C.	500
6.	Protein Shakes (250 gm)	D.W.C.	1500

We expect at least a 15% discount and proper packing of the product. In case of any damage in transit, the goods will be returned at your cost. Payment would be made by cheque once the consignment is received, we expect prompt delivery within a week.

Thanking you
Yours faithfully
Pawan Sikri (Head, fitness group)

Answer 4.
Mrs. Shivani was walking on the road carrying a heavy basket full of vegetables. The road was deserted at this time of the evening. Suddenly a bike with two underaged boys passed by her side. At the zebra crossing, Mrs. Shivani was crossing the road. Instead of stopping at the red light, both the boys jumped the red light, hitting Mrs. Shivani. Actually, they thought to snatch the diamond necklace which Mrs. Shivani was wearing at that time. The biker took his bike close to the lady and the pillion rider pulled her diamond necklace. Mrs. Shivani lost her balance and fell down. Hearing her cries, a young man rushed to help her. He chased the two boys in his car and caught up with their bike. He stopped them with great difficulty. The two boys were given a sound beating and thereafter the young was about to handover them to the police but Mrs. Shivani Kapoor forgave the underaged bike riders and advised them to follow traffic rules as they are meant for the people’s safety and also not to get involved in habit of stealing.
OR
Once there lived a king named Shibi Thakur. He was just and powerful king. He was famous for his truthfulness and kindness towards the poor. People loved him like God. So God Indra and God Agni made a plan to test his kindness. One day the king was sitting on the throne. Suddenly he saw a dove landed on his hand. It was frightened. Just then, an eagle also entered the hall. The dove seeing the eagle said to the king, “My lord, this cruel eagle wants to kill me.” The eagle said to the king, “This dove is mine. So I request you to return my dove.” The king said, “The poor dove has come to me for protection. If I don’t help it, it will be a great injustice. God will punish me and my Kingdom. My Kingdom shall not be blessed with rain and crops. So you may ask for anything, I am ready to give you instead of this dove.” The cruel and clever eagle thought for a moment and asked the king, “Give me an equal quantity of flesh from your body.” The courtiers were surprised. But the king was happy to keep his promise. The scales and the sword were brought there at the order of the king. The dove was placed on one of the sides of the scale. The attendant cut a piece of flesh from the right side of the king’s body and kept on the scale. But the dove weighted more. He kept more flesh but. the dove remained the heavier. The king was sad, he agreed to give himself fully to the eagle. The courtiers became angry towards the eagle. Suddenly the hall was filled with a bright light. Nobody could see anything. In that light, the dove and the eagle became God Indira and Agni. They were pleased with Shibi Thakur and blessed him and his kingdom.

Answer 5.
(a) (i) and
(b) (iv) for
(c) (iii) with
(d) (ii) an
(e) (iii) and

Answer 6.
Incorrect       Correction
(a) on                in
(b) have           has
(c) much         many
(d) to               of
(e) was             is

Answer 7.
(a) The Hornbill festival is the most anticipated cultural carnival of Nagaland.
(b) Located in Northeast India, Nagaland is very a beautiful and ethnically diverse state.
(c) The festival is named after the Indian Hornbill.
(d) The Hornbill is often displayed on the traditional tribal headgears worn during Naga festivities.
(e) All the tribes of Nagaland take part in this festival.

Answer 8.
(a) The extract given above is the part of the poem ‘Dust of Snow’ written by Robert Frost.
(b) The poet’s mood changed when the flowers from the hemlock tree fell on him.
(c) Poet’s mood changed from depression to hopefulness.
(d) abab.
OR
(a) The pilot checked the map and the compass because he wanted to make sure that he was in the right track.
(b) He was flying the Dakota airplane.
(c) The pilot felt happy and satisfied because everything was going on very fine.
(d) The pilot thought to have his breakfast in England.

Answer 9.
(a) When Maxwell took Mijbil to the bathroom, it became wild with joy for about half an hour. Then it rolled and plunged into it. After two days it went itself and struggled with the chromium tap till it had a full flow. It was very much happier with the water.
(b) While going out for hunting Prince Siddhartha saw a sick man, an aged man and then a funeral procession. Then he saw a beggar begging for alms. These sights mourned him very much. He realized that the world is full of sorrows. He thus turned into a monk.
(c) Matilda’s husband i.e. Mr. Loisel had saved a substantial amount of money to buy a gun for him. His wife had declined to attend the ball unless he purchased a party dress for her. Therefore he had to go for the idea of buying the gun. The entire four hundred francs were spent on buying the costume.
(d) Bholi was the weakest and youngest child of Ramlal. Bholi had ugly looks and absence of a brain. Her sisters Radha Mangla and Champa were healthy, strong and good looking. They had been happily married.
(e) It is a universal truth that nothing is immortal in this universe. Everything has to destroy one day. Fire and ice will not leave anything. The poet also supports those who favor fire. But the feeling of hatred is more dangerous than fire and ice. Hatred will destroy it into pieces. This feeling will spoil humanity from this earth that is the human ornament.

Answer 10.
Natalya Stepanovna is the only daughter of Stepan Stepanovich Chubukov. She is about twenty- five. She is a well-educated woman and can serve as a good housewife. She possesses all the good traits of head and heart. She is very much attached to her household belongings and does not want to part with them. At this age, she has become love-sick. There visits Lomov and both have a hearty-talk. There arises a long controversy over the Oxen Meadows since both are the claimants of the said property. Till then she does not know that Lomov has come for her. Her father calls Lomov a blind hen who has come with a proposal for her. Immediately she softens and asks her father to call back Lomov.
OR
The Hack Driver is a story of gripping interest. It depicts a battle of wits between country folk and a city boy lawyer. In fact, the lawyer is the narrator himself. The narrator had failed to locate Lutkins, still, he was excited about meeting a man like Bill. Bill was Lutkins himself. He exploited the narrator’s simple nature. Bill gives a funny picture of Oliver Lutkins. He says that Lutkins never pays a cent to anyone. He plays poker very much. He drove the narrator to the different places in his village. He pretended that he was looking for Lutkins when he was Lutkins himself in real life. Bill keeps the narrator out of sight and talks to the shopkeeper and even to his own mother.

Answer 11.
There was a call-up for sixteen-year-old Margot Frank by the German Secret Service on Sunday, July 5, 1942. A call-up meant, ‘concentration camps and lonely cells for the Jews. Anne’s father immediately decided to go into hiding with his family. He had already been planning to go there on July 16 but had to move earlier because of the order, on July 6, 1942. The hiding place was Anne’s father’s office, Opekta on Prinsengracht Street. Only his most trusted employees knew about it – Mr. Kugler, Mr. Kleiman, Miep and twenty-three old typists Bep Voskuijil. Bep’s father and Miep’s husband Jan were two more people who helped the Franks. The large warehouse on the ground floor was used as a workroom and storeroom and was divided into several different sections. There was a stockroom, a milling room where the spices were ground. Anne called it our lovely Annexe. She thought her new home was hot bad since they could do their own cooking and listen to the radio in her father’s office.
OR
Anne, before she went into hiding, experienced Racism in many ways. First, the family had to migrate to Holland in 1933 from Germany, their birthplace when Hitler’s Nazi party won in elections. The Franks were among the 300000 Jews who fled Germany between 1933 and 1939. The second experience was when Germany invaded the Netherlands in May 1940 and occupied it. The Germans began to persecute Jews by passing discriminatory laws. The Franks sisters had to leave their Montessori school and join Jewish Lyceum. The Jews were ordered to study in Jewish schools. Her father had to sell his business to Mr. Kleiman and Jan Gies, in Amsterdam. Jews had to wear a yellow star, they had to hand over their bicycles and were banned from traveling in trains or drive cars. They could not visit theatres, cinemas and other places of entertainment and all public sports were prohibited to them. The biggest experience of racism was that the Franks had to go in hiding to escape being deported to other lands. They lived for 25 months in a secret Annexe, where fear of betrayal was their constant companion.
OR
Helen did not clearly remember when she realized that she was different from other people. She noticed that her mother and friends did not use signs like her. They spoke with their mouths—sometimes Helen stood between two people who were talking and touched their lips. Helen tried hard, made gestures and was greatly frustrated. Many times she was so angry that she kicked and screamed and was deeply exhausted. Helen was unfulfilled, so many times she took out her anger on others. She troubled her companion Martha and would dominate her without any reason. Helen would also hurt Ella, her nurse. Many times she was naughty and regretted it later. The whole family tolerated and supported Helen because of her deprivations. Helen admitted that she took unfair advantage of most of the situations. Helen had become temperamental so she would mostly insist on having her way. Once she locked her mother in the store and would not let her out. Helen would upturn the cradle of her little sister Mildred and make her cry. So Helen’s outlet for her pent-up frustrations was her anger and unemotional behavior.
OR
Helen depended upon books not only for pleasure, wisdom but also for information to which she had no access, due to her deprivations. She lacked the company of young girls of her age, so books filled the void of her life and Helen was extremely proud of her “book friend.” Initially, Helen read a few books in raised like print like Our World and Mrs. Sullivan would spell some poems or stories in her hand. Helen’s mind was very impressionable and she retained many words and expressions, so her friends were surprised at the richness of her vocabulary. Her first book that she deeply read with great understanding was Little Lord Fauntleroy. This book sparked Helen’s true interest in reading. She read lots of books like ‘Bible stories’, The Arabian Nights. She especially loved reading Heidi, Robinson Crusoe, and Little Women. Helen also loved reading stories of animals, especially The Jungle Book. She had a great interest in reading books relating to ancient history. She had read the Bible before but understood its stories in their true essence only in her later years. She also enjoyed the German or French literature along with poets like Wordsworth, Herrick, and writers like Mark Twain. Helen befriended books and like true friends they never deserted her.

We hope the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English Language and Literature Paper 7 help you. If you have any query regarding CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English Language and Literature Paper 7, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science in Hindi Medium Paper 2 is part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science in Hindi Medium . Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science in Hindi Medium Paper 2

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science in Hindi Medium Paper 2

Board	CBSE
Class	X
Subject	Science
Sample Paper Set	Paper 2
Category	CBSE Sample Papers

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 10 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme as prescribed by the CBSE is given here. Paper 2 of Solved CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science in Hindi Medium is given below with free PDF download solutions.

समय : 3 घण्टे
पूर्णांक : 80

सामान्य निर्देश :

• इस प्रश्न पत्र के दो भाग, A व B हैं। आप को दोनों भाग करने हैं।
• सभी प्रश्न अनिवार्य हैं।
• भाग A के सभी प्रश्न एक साथ करने हैं तथा भाग B के सभी प्रश्न एक साथ करने हैं।
• भाग A के प्रश्न सं० 1 व 2 एक अंक के हैं। इनका उत्तर एक शब्द अथवा एक वाक्य में लिखना है।
• प्रश्न सं० 3 से 5 तक दो अंक के हैं। इनका उत्तर 30 शब्दों में (प्रत्येक प्रश्न के लिए) लिखिए।
• प्रश्न सं० 6 से 15 तक तीन अंक के हैं। इनमें से प्रत्येक प्रश्न का उत्तर 50 शब्दों में लिखिए।
• प्रश्न सं० 16 से 21 तक पाँच अंक के हैं। इनमें से प्रत्येक प्रश्न का उत्तर 70 शब्दों में लिखिए।
• भाग B के प्रश्न सं० 22 से 27 तक प्रयोगात्मक कौशल पर आधारित हैं। प्रत्येक प्रश्न दो अंक का है।

SECTION A

प्र०1.
फ्लेमिंग के दांये हाथ के नियम में अंगूठा व तर्जनी उंगली, क्रमशः किन-किन भौतिक राशियों को दर्शाती हैं?

प्र०2.
आधुनिक आवर्त नियम की परिभाषा लिखिए।

प्र०3.
पहचानिए की निम्नलिखित अभिक्रियाएँ किस प्रकार की हैं?
(i) CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O+ ऊष्मा
(ii) Pb (NO₃)₂ + 2KI → PbI₂ + 2KNO₃
(iii) CaO + H₂O→ Ca(OH)₂
(iv) CuSO₄ + Zn → ZnSO₄ + Cu

प्र०4.
मानवों के शुक्राणुओं तथा अण्डाणुओं के बीच गुणसूत्री भिन्नता के महत्त्व का उल्लेख कीजिए।

प्र०5.
“फोकस दूरी f का अवतल दर्पण, उसके सामने रखे बिम्ब का सीधे विवर्धित प्रतिबिम्ब के साथ-साथ उल्टा विवर्धित प्रतिबिम्ब भी बना सकता है। इस प्रकार के प्रतिबिम्बों को बनाने के लिए प्रत्येक प्रकरण में दर्पण के सापेक्ष बिम्ब की स्थिति का उल्लेख करते हुए इस कथन की पुष्टि कीजिए।

प्र०6.
(i) मैक्सवेल का दक्षिण-हस्त अंगुष्ठ नियम (दाएँ हाथ का नियम) लिखिए।
(ii) दिखाए गये चित्र में PQ एक विद्युत धारावाही चालक तार है। इसके A व B बिंदुओं पर चुबंकीय क्षेत्र की दिशा ज्ञात कीजिए। यदि r1 < r2 तो किसमें चुबंकीय क्षेत्र की प्रबलता अधिक होगी। अपने उत्तर की व्याख्या भी कीजिए।

प्र०7.
एक क्वथन परखनली में 2 ग्राम फेरस सल्फेट के क्रिस्टलों को गर्म किया जाता है :
(i) गर्म करने से पूर्व तथा गर्म करने के बाद फैरस सल्फेट के रंग के विषय में लिखिए।
(ii) गर्म करने पर कौन-कौन सी गैस निष्कासित होती हैं?
(iii) इस अभिक्रिया को रासायनिक समीकरण भी लिखिए।

प्र०8.
निम्नलिखित के कारण दीजिए :
(i) विद्युत बल्बों में सामान्य रूप से नाइट्रोजन अथवा ऑरगन जैसी रासायनिक रूप से अक्रियाशील गैसें भरी जाती हैं।
(ii) तांबे तथा एल्युमिनियम के तारें विद्युत संचारण के लिए उपयोग में लाई जाती हैं।
(iii) फ्यूज़ तार को विद्युत यंत्र के साथ श्रेणी क्रम में लगाया जाता है।
अथवा
(a) श्रुति विद्युत धारावाही वृत्ताकार पाश (लूप) चालक के चारों तरफ चुबंकीय क्षेत्र रेखाएँ बनाती है। वह इन क्षेत्र रेखाओं को देखने पर पाती है कि चुबंकीय क्षेत्र रेखाएँ, पाश के केन्द्र से दूर जाने पर एक-दूसरे से दूर हटती जाती हैं, इसका क्या कारण है?
(b) चुबंकीय क्षेत्र रेखाओं के दो गुण लिखिए।

प्र०9.
मनुष्य के पाचन तंत्र से जुड़ी तीन ग्रंथियों के नाम तथा उनके द्वारा स्रावित तरल पदार्थों के नाम लिखिए।

प्र०10.
(a) उस पादप हार्मोन का नाम लिखिए जो प्रकाश के कारण उसमें उत्पादित होता है। यह पौधे के किस भाग में उत्पादित होता है?
(b) पौधे का प्ररोह प्रकाश की तरफ क्यों मुड़ता है? इसकी व्याख्या करें।

प्र०11.
कोई कार्बोक्सिलिक अम्ल, C₂H₄O₂ किसी ऐल्कोहॉल से H₂SO₄ की उपस्थिति में अभिक्रिया करके कोई यौगिक ‘X’ बनाता है। यह ऐल्कोहॉल क्षारीय KMnO₄ के साथ ऑक्सीकरण के पश्चात् अम्लीकरण करने पर वही कार्बोक्सिलिक अम्ल, C₂H₄O₂ बनाता है।
(i) कार्बोक्सिलिक अम्ल,
(ii) ऐल्कोहॉल तथा
(iii) यौगिक ‘X’ के नाम एवं संरचनाएँ दीजिए।

प्र०12.
एक तत्व ‘x’ का इलेक्ट्रॉनिक विन्यास 2, 8, 8, 2 है। यह तत्व (a) किस आवर्त का है और (b) इसके समूह की संख्या क्या है? इसकी संयोजकता क्या है? प्रत्येक उत्तर के लिए कारण भी लिखिए।
अथवा
चार तत्वों P, Q, R व S के परमाणु क्रमांक क्रमशः 12, 13, 14 व 15 हैं। अब निम्न प्रश्नों के उत्तर दें :
(i) तत्व Q की संयोजकता क्या है?
(ii) इन तत्वों को धातु व अधातु में वर्गीकृत कीजिए।
(iii) इनमें से कौन-सा तत्वे सबसे अधिक क्षारीय ऑक्साइड बनायेगा?

प्र०13.
उपयुक्त उदाहरणों की सहायता से व्याख्या कीजिए कि कुछ लक्षण अगली पीढ़ी में क्यों वंशानुगत नहीं हो सकते। इन लक्षणों को क्या कहते हैं?

प्र०14.
(i) दंत चिकित्सकों तथा
(ii) सौर भट्टियों में उपयोग किए जाने वाले दर्पणों के प्रकार का नाम लिखिए।
प्रत्येक प्रकरण में इन दर्पणों के उपयोग किए जाने के दो कारण दीजिए।

प्र०15.
हमें इन्द्रधनुष को कब और किस दिशा में देखते हैं? इन्द्रधनुष किस प्रकार बनता है? इसके बनने का स्पष्टीकरण करने के लिए नामांकित आरेख खींचिए।

प्र०16.
(a) ताँबे को उसके अयस्क से प्राप्त करने के लिए विभिन्न चरणों का वर्णन करें। क्रियाओं के लिए समीकरण भी लिखें।
(b) एक नामांकित चित्र द्वारा ताँबे के विद्युत अपघटनी परिष्करण को समझाइए।
अथवा
(a) मैग्नीशियम क्लोराईड तथा सोडियम क्लोराईड बनने को इलेक्ट्रॉन स्थानांतरण द्वारा समझाइए।
(b) इन यौगिकों में उपस्थित आयनों को पहचानिए।
(c) आयनिक यौगिक अपनी ठोस अवस्था में विद्युतधारा का संचालन क्यों नहीं करते हैं?

प्र०17.
(a) तीन प्रतिरोधक R1 R2 व R3 एक बैटरी V के श्रेणी क्रम में लगे हुए हैं। इसके लिए विद्युत परिपथ बनाइए। इन तीनों के परिणामी प्रतिरोध R के लिए समीकरण स्थापित कीजिए। (b) यदि R1 = 10 Ω, R2 = 20 Ω तथा R3 = 30 Ω है। यह तीनों प्रतिरोधक एक 6 वोल्ट की बैटरी के साथ श्रेणी क्रम में जुड़े हैं, तो इनका परिणामी प्रतिरोध ज्ञात कीजिए तथा इस विद्युत परिपथ में से प्रवाहित होने वाली विद्युत धारा का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।

प्र०18.
(a) मनुष्य के पाचन तंत्र का चित्र बनाकर उस पर निम्नलिखित नामांकित करें :
(i) सबसे बड़ी ग्रंथि
(ii) वह ग्रंथि जो पाचक रस तथा हार्मोन दोनों स्रावित करती है।
(iii) वह भाग जहाँ पर पचा हुआ भोजन अवशोषित होता है।
(iv) वह भाग जहाँ HCl उत्पन्न होता है।
(b) प्रवर्ध (villi) क्या है? पाचन तंत्र में इनका क्या कार्य है?

प्र०19.
कोई कार्बनिक यौगिक ‘X’, सांद्र H₂SO₄ के साथ गरम करने पर कोई अन्य यौगिक Y’ बनाता है जो । निकैल की उपस्थिति में हाइड्रोजन के एक अणु के योग से कोई तीसरा यौगिक ‘Z’ बनाता है। यौगिक ‘Z’ के एक अणु के दहन पर दो अणु CO₂ तथा तीन अणु H₂O बनते हैं। कारण देते हुए यौगिक ‘X’, ‘Y’ तथा ‘Z’ की पहचान कीजिए। होने वाली सभी रासायनिक अभिक्रियाओं के रासायनिक समीकरण लिखिए।

प्र०20.
परागण क्या है? पादपों में यह किस प्रकार होता है? किस प्रकार परागण से ही निषेचन होता है? व्याख्या कीजिए।

प्र०21.
(a) प्रकाश किरण आरेख खींचने के लिए हम दो प्रकाश किरणों का उपयोग करते हैं जिनका चयन इस प्रकार किया जाता है कि दर्पण से परावर्तन के पश्चात् इनकी दिशाएँ सरलता से ज्ञात हो जाएँ। इस प्रकार की दो किरणों की सूची बनाइए तथा परावर्तन के पश्चात् इन किरणों के पथ लिखिए। इन दोनों किरणों के उपयोग द्वारा किसी अवतल दर्पण से अनन्त और वक्रता केन्द्र के बीच स्थित किसी बिम्ब के दर्पण द्वारा बने प्रतिबिम्ब की स्थिति ज्ञात कीजिए।
(b) किसी अवतल दर्पण के ध्रुव तथा मुख्य फोकस के बीच स्थित बिम्ब का प्रतिबिम्ब बनना दर्शाने के लिए किरण आरेख खींचिए। यदि इस दर्पण के स्थान पर इसी फोकस दूरी का कोई अभिसारी लेंस प्रतिस्थापित कर दिया जाए, तो बनने वाले प्रतिबिम्ब की प्रकृति और साइज़ में क्या परिवर्तन होगा?
अथवा
(a) कोई छात्र उसके नेत्रों से 3 मी दूरी पर स्थित दीवार पर लटके चार्ट को स्पष्ट नहीं देख पाता। उसके दृष्टि दोष का नाम लिखिए। इस दृष्टि दोष के स्पष्टीकरण के लिए किरण आरेख खींचिए। इस दोष के दो संभावित कारणों की सूची बनाइए।
(b) इस दोष का संशोधन उचित फोकस दूरी के लेंस के उपयोग द्वारा दर्शाने के लिए किरण आरेख खींचिए।
(c) आपके क्षेत्र के सामाजिक कार्यकर्ताओं द्वारा नेत्रदान के लिए कोई कैम्प आयोजित किया गया है। आप इस कार्य में क्यों और किस प्रकार सहायता करेंगे?

SECTION B

प्र०22.
(a) वोल्टमीटर की न्यूनतम गणना से तुम क्या समझते हो?
(b) यदि एक वोल्टमीटर के 0 से 0.5 v बिंदुओं के बीच 20 छोटी लाइनें हैं तो इस वोल्टमीटर की न्यूनतम गणना क्या होगी?

प्र०23.
(a) pH पेपर से किसी विलयन के pH का मान कैसे ज्ञात करते हैं?
(b) यदि जल का pH मान 7 है तो
(i) NaOH के जलीय विलयन का pH मान क्या होगा?
(ii) HCl अम्ल के जलीय विलयन का pH मान क्या होगा?

प्र०24.
स्टोमेटा छिद्रों को देखने के लिए, पत्ती की निचली परत की अस्थाई स्लाइड बनाते समय हमें क्या सावधानियां अपनानी चाहिए।

प्र०25.
कठोर जल में उपस्थित कैल्शियम व मैग्नीशियम धातुओं के दो-दो लवणों के नाम लिखो।

प्र०26.
यीस्ट में अलैंगिक जनन विधि का नाम लिखें। यीस्ट किस प्रकार का जीव है? इस जीव का व्यापारिक महत्त्व क्या है?

प्र०27.
उन कारकों को लिखिए, जिस पर प्रिज्म में अपवर्तन के कारण बनने वाला विचलन कोण निर्भर करता है।

Answers

उत्तर 1-
फ्लेमिंग के दांये हाथ के नियम में तर्जनी उंगली चुबंकीय क्षेत्र की दिशा को दर्शाती है। फ्लेमिंग के दांये हाथ के नियम में अंगूठा चालक की गति की दिशा को दर्शाता है।

उत्तर 2-
आधुनिक आवर्त नियम के अनुसार, “तत्वों के गुणधर्म उनकी परमाणु-संख्या का आवर्त फलन होते हैं।”

उत्तर 3-

उत्तर 4-
मानव के शुक्राणु गुणसूत्र के आधार पर ‘X’ तथा ‘Y’ दो प्रकार के होते हैं जबकि अण्डाणुओं में केवल एक ही प्रकार के ‘X’ गुणसूत्र होते हैं। इन गुणसूत्रों के कारण अगली संतति में नर अथवा मादा का लिंग निर्धारित होता है। यदि ‘X’ गुणसूत्र वाला शुक्राणु, अण्डाणु को निषेचित करता है तो मादा बच्चा होगा। यदि ‘Y’ गुणसूत्र वाला शुक्राणु अण्डाणु को निषेचित करता है तो नर बच्चा होगा।

उत्तर 5-
(i) जब बिम्ब को अवतल दर्पण तथा f बिंदु के बीच रखा जायेगा तो उसका प्रतिबिम्ब सीधा व विवर्धित बनेगा।
(ii) जब बिम्ब को अवतल दर्पण के सामने उसके ‘f’ व ‘c’ बिन्दुओं के बीच में रखा जायेगा तो उसका प्रतिबिम्ब उल्टा विवर्धित बनेगा।

उत्तर 6-
(i) मैक्सवेल का दक्षिण-हस्त अंगुष्ठ नियम-इस नियम के अनुसार, यदि हमें विद्युत धारावाही चालक तार को अपने दायें चुंबकीय क्षेत्र । हाथ से इस प्रकार पकड़े कि अंगूठा चालक में जाती हुई। विद्युतधारा की दिशा की ओर संकेत करे तो आपकी अंगुलियाँ चालक के चारों ओर चुंबकीय क्षेत्र की क्षेत्र रेखाओं की दिशा । में लिपटी होंगी। मैक्सवेल दक्षिण-हस्त अंगुष्ठ नियम

(ii) चालक तार में विद्युतधारा दिशा Q से P की तरफ है, इसलिए चुबंकीय क्षेत्र की दिशा (दक्षिण-हस्त अंगुष्ठ नियम के अनुसार) ‘A’ बिंदु पर कागज़ के अंदर की तरफ तथा ‘B’ बिंदु पर कागज के बाहर की तरफ होगी। ‘A’ बिंदु पर चुबंकीय क्षेत्र ‘B’ बिंदु की तुलना में अधिक प्रबल होगा क्योंकि चुबंकीय क्षेत्र की प्रबलता चालक तार से बिंदु की दूरी के विपरीत अनुपाती होती है।

उत्तर 7-
(i) फैरस सल्फेट के क्रिस्टल गर्म करने से पहले हरे रंग के होते हैं। गर्म करने पर इनका रंग भूरी हो जाता है। गर्म करते समय फैरिक ऑक्साइड के निर्माण के कारण क्रिस्टलों का रंग भूरा हो जाता है।
(ii) गर्म करते समय SO₂ तथा SO₃ गैसे निष्कासित होती हैं।

उत्तर 8-
(i) विद्युत बल्बों में सामान्यतः रासायनिक रूप से अक्रियाशील गैसें भरी जाती हैं क्योंकि ये गैसें बल्ब के गर्म तंतु (टंगस्टन) के साथ अभिक्रिया नहीं करतीं परिणामस्वरूप विद्युत बल्ब का फिलामेंट लंबी अवधि तक चलता है।
(ii) तांबे तथा एल्युमिनियम की तारों को विद्युत संचारण के लिए उपयोग में लाया जाता है क्योंकि इनकी प्रतिरोधकता बहुत कम है और इसलिए ये धातुएँ विद्युत की बहुत अच्छी सुचालक हैं।
(iii) फ्यूज़ तार को विद्युत यंत्र के साथ श्रेणी क्रम में इसलिए लगाया जाता है क्योंकि विद्युत परिपथ द्वारा अधिक मात्रा में विद्युत प्रवाहित करने पर फ्यूज़ तार गर्म होकर पिघल जाती है। इससे सारी परिपथ टूट जाता है तथा यंत्र खराब होने से बच जाता है।
अथवा
(a) किसी विद्युत धारावाही पाश के प्रत्येक बिंदु पर उसके चारों ओर उत्पन्न चुंबकीय क्षेत्र को निरूपित करने वाले संकेंद्री वृत्तों का साइज़ तार से दूर जाने पर निरंतर बड़ा होता जाता है। वृत्ताकर पाश के केंद्र पर पहुँचते ही, इन बाहरी वृत्तों के चाप सरल रेखाओं जैसे प्रतीत होते हैं। चुबंकीय क्षेत्र प्रबलता वृत के केन्द्र से बिन्दु की दूरी के व्युत्क्रम अनुपाती होती है इसलिए चुबंकीय क्षेत्र रेखाएँ, पाश के केन्द्र से दूर जाने पर एक-दूसरे से दूर हटती जाती हैं।

(b) चुबंकीय क्षेत्र रेखाओं के दो गुण
(i) दो चुबंकीय क्षेत्र रेखाएँ आपस में एक दूसरे को कभी भी काटतीं नहीं हैं।
(ii) ये रेखाएँ उत्तरी ध्रुव से आरंभ होकर चुबंक के दक्षिणी ध्रुव पर समाप्त होती हैं।

उत्तर 9-
मनुष्य के पाचन तंत्र से जुड़ी तीन ग्रंथियाँ निम्नलिखित हैं :
(i) लार ग्रंथियाँ मुख गुहिका में होती हैं तथा यह लार बनाती हैं। लार में लार एमिलेस नामक एक एंजाइम होता है जो कि भोजन में उपस्थित स्टार्च को शर्करा में बदल देता है।
(ii) यकृत सब से बड़ी ग्रंथि है तथा यह पित्तरस बनाती है। पित्तरस आमाशय से आने वाले अम्लीय भोजन को अग्न्याशयिक (pancreatic) एंजाइमों की क्रिया के लिए क्षारीय बनाता है। पित्त लवण भोजन में उपस्थित वसा को छोटी-छोटी बूंदों में अपघटित करता है ताकि वसा का पाचन आसानी से हो सके।
(iii) अग्नाशय एक बड़ी ग्रंथि है जो अग्नाशयी रस स्रावित करती है। अग्नाशय रस में
• एमीलेस एंजाइम, जो स्टार्च को ग्लूकोज़ के रूप में पचाता है;
• ट्रेप्सिन एंजाईम, जो प्रोटीन को एमिनो अम्ल के रूप में पचाता है; तथा ।
• लाइपेस एंजाइम, जो इमल्सीकृत वसा को वसा अम्ल के रुप में पचाता है;
सम्मिलित हैं। अग्नाशयी रस क्षारीय माध्यम में काम करता है।

उत्तर 10-
(a) यह हार्मोन ऑक्सिन है।
(b) जब पौधे पर प्रकाश एक ओर से पड़ता है तो उसका तना प्रकाश की ओर मुड़ जाता है। ऐसा इसलिए होता है क्योंकि तने की छाया वाले भाग में ऑक्सिन अधिक मात्रा में बनता है, जिसके कारण उस तरफ तने की वृद्धि अधिक हो जाती है, जबकि तने के प्रकाश वाले भाग में ऑक्सिन कम बनता है इसलिए उस तरफ तने की वृद्धि कम होती है।

उत्तर 11-
कार्बोक्सिलिक अम्ल, C₂H₄O₂:

उत्तर 12-
(a) यह आवर्त 4 का तत्व है क्योंकि इसके 4 ऊर्जा कोश होते हैं और एक तत्व की आवर्त संख्या इसके ऊर्जा कोशों की संख्या के बराबर होती है।
(b) यह तत्व दूसरे समूह से संबंधित है क्योंकि इसके सबसे बाहरी कक्ष में 2 इलेक्ट्रॉन हैं और किसी तत्व के बाहरी कोश में उपस्थित इलेक्ट्रान से उसके समूह की संख्याएँ संयोजकता ज्ञात होती है तथा कोशों | की कुल संख्या उसकी आवर्त संख्या होती है।
तत्व ‘X’ 2 इलेक्ट्रॉन खोकर या 6 इलेक्ट्रॉन प्राप्त करके निष्क्रिय गैस विन्यास को प्राप्त कर सकता है। क्योंकि 2 इलेक्ट्रॉन को खोकर निष्क्रिय गैस विन्यास को प्राप्त करना आसान है। अतः इसकी संयोजकता 2 है।
अथवा

(i) तत्व Q की संयोजकता 3 है क्योंकि इसके सबसे बाहरी कक्ष में 3 इलेक्ट्रॉन हैं।
(ii) तत्व P व Q धातु हैं क्योंकि ये तत्व निष्क्रिय गैस विन्यास को प्राप्त करने के लिए क्रमशः 2 और 3 इलेक्ट्रॉन खो देते हैं और जो तत्व इलेक्ट्रॉन खोते हैं वे धातु होते हैं।
तत्व R व S अधातु हैं क्योंकि ये तत्व निष्क्रिय गैस विन्यास को प्राप्त करने के लिए या तो इलेक्ट्रॉन खोते हैं या पाते हैं और जो तत्व इलेक्ट्रॉन खोते या पाते हैं अधातु कहलाते हैं।
(iii) तत्व P सबसे अधिक क्षारीय ऑक्साइड बनायेगा क्योंकि यह दिए गए चारों तत्वों में से सबसे अधिक अभिक्रियाशील धातु है।

उत्तर 13-
एक जीव के ऐसे लक्षण (अथवा विशेषता) जो वंशानुगत नहीं होते परंतु वातावरण की प्रतिक्रियास्वरूप उसके द्वारा अपने जीवनकाल में उपार्जित किए जाते हैं, उपार्जित लक्षण कहलाते हैं। जीव के उपार्जित लक्षण उसकी भावी पीढ़ियों में वंशानुगत नहीं होते क्योंकि ये लक्षण उस व्यक्ति या जीव की जनन कोशिकाओं के डी०एन०ए० में परिवर्तन नहीं ला पाते।
उदाहरण : एक खिलाड़ी द्वारा अपने खेल को खेलने के लिए अपनी मांसपेशियों को विशेष प्रकार से तैयार करना। ऐसे लक्षणों को उपार्जित लक्षण कहते हैं।

उत्तर 14-
(i) दंत चिकित्सक अवतल दर्पणों का प्रयोग करते हैं क्योंकि इससे रोगी के दाँतों का सीधा व बड़ा प्रतिबिम्ब दिखाई देता है। जब दंत चिकित्सक दाँत को दर्पण व उसके F बिन्दु के बीच में रखते हैं तो प्रतिबिम्ब सीधा व बड़ी बनता है। इससे दाँत के दोष का पता लगाने में आसानी हो जाती है।
(ii) सौर भट्टियों में बड़े-बड़े अवतल दर्पणों का उपयोग परावर्तक (reflectors) के रूप में किया जाता है। सौर भट्टियों को दर्पण के फोकस पर रखा जाता है। इसके बाद अवतल दर्पण द्वारा सौर किरणों को भट्टी पर फोकस किया जाता है फलस्वरूप सौर भट्टी का तापक्रम बहुत अधिक बढ़ जाता है। यहाँ तक कि इन सौर भट्टियों में स्टील तक को पिघलाया जा सकता है।

उत्तर 15-
इंद्रधनुष को हम बरसात होने के बाद सूर्य निकलने पर देखते हैं। यह सूर्य के सामने उससे विपरीत दिशा की ओर दिखाई देता है।
इन्द्रधनुष का बनना : वर्षा के बाद, जब सूर्य निकलता है तो उस समय, वायुमंडल में उपस्थित जल की बूंदें छोटे-छोटे प्रिज्म के रूप में कार्य कर सौर प्रकाश के सफेद प्रकाश का विक्षेपण कर उसे सात रंगों में तोड़ देती हैं। ये सात रंगों की किरणें उन पानी की बूंदों से बाहर आकर, इन्द्रधनुष बनाती हैं।

उत्तर 16-
(a) ताँबे को उसके सल्फॉइड अयस्क Cu₂S से प्राप्त किया जाता है। अयस्क का सांद्रण झाग प्लवन विधि द्वारा किया जाता है। फिर सांद्रित अयस्क का वायु में भर्जन किया जाता है। तब अयस्क कॉपर ऑक्साईड में बदल जाता है।
2Cu₂S + 3O₂ (g) – Δ→ 2Cu₂O (s) + 2SO₂ (g)
कॉपर ऑक्साइड को वायु की अनुपस्थिति में गर्म किया जाता है। यह कॉपर धातु में Cu₂O को कम कर देता है। इस रासायनिक अभिक्रिया के समय SO₂ गैस उत्पन्न होती है जो प्राप्त हुए कॉपर के अंदर ही फंसी रह जाती है जिसके कारण कॉपर की सतह पर छाले जैसी संरचना दिखाई देती है।
2Cu₂O + Cu₂S – Δ→ 6Cu (s) + SO₂ (g)
(b) ताँबे का विद्युत अपघटनी परिष्करण-इस प्रक्रिया में अशुद्ध ताँबे को ऐनोड (धनात्मक) तथा शुद्ध ताँबे की एक पतली पट्टी को कैथोड (ऋणात्मक) बनाया जाता है। अम्लीकृत कॉपर सल्फेट के विलयन का उपयोग विद्युत अपघट्य के रूप में किया जाता है। उपकरणों को निम्न चित्रानुसार व्यवस्थित किया जाता है :

अम्लीकृत कॉपर सल्फेट को विलयन अपघट्य है। अशुद्ध ताँबा ऐनोड है जबकि शुद्ध ताँबे की पट्टी कैथोड का कार्य करती है। विद्युत धारा प्रवाहित करने पर शुद्ध ताँबा कैथोड पर निक्षेपित हो जाता है।
अथवा
(a) मैग्नीशियम (Mg) और सोडियम (Na) के क्रमशः 2 और 1 इलेक्ट्रॉन अपने परमाणुओं के बाह्यतम कोश में हैं। इसलिए वे आठ संयोजी इलेक्ट्रॉनों के निष्क्रिय गैस विन्यास को प्राप्त करने के लिए अपने इलेक्ट्रॉन खो देते हैं और सकारात्मक आयनों अथवा धनायनों का निर्माण करते हैं।

दूसरी ओर Cl के परमाणु में सात इलेक्ट्रॉन हैं इसलिए वह निष्क्रिय गैस विन्यास को प्राप्त करने के लिए एक इलेक्ट्रॉन को लेता है तथा एक नकारात्मक आयन अथवा ऋणायन का निर्माण करता है।

(c) आयनिक यौगिक अपनी ठोस अवस्था में विद्युतधारा का संचालन नहीं कर पाते क्योंकि ठोस अवस्था में इनके विपरीत आयनों के बीच अत्यधिक आकर्षण बल होने के कारण यह आयनमुक्त अवस्था में संचरण नहीं कर पाते।

उत्तर 17-
(a) अलग-अलग प्रतिरोधों से एक ही विद्युत धारा (I) प्रवाहित होती है, जब इनको एक श्रेणी क्रम में जोड़ा जाता है (जैसा कि चित्र में दिखाया गया है)

उत्तर 18-
(a) (i) सबसे बड़ी ग्रंथि-यकृत
(ii) वह ग्रंथि जो पाचक रस तथा हार्मोन दोनों स्रावित करती है-अग्न्याशय
(iii) वह भाग जहाँ पर पचा हुआ भोजन अवशोषित होता है-छोटी आंत
(iv) वह भाग जहाँ HCl उत्पन्न होता है-आमाशय

(b) प्रवर्ध-छोटी आंत विशेष रूप से भोजन पचाने के लिए अनुकूल है। छोटी आंत की भीतरी परत पर लाखों छोटी-छोटी उंगलियों जैसी संरचनाएँ होती हैं, वह प्रवर्ध (villi) कहलाते हैं, जो छोटी आंत की। भीतरी दीवारों को एक बहुत बड़ा सतही क्षेत्रफल प्रदान करते हैं। बड़ा सतही क्षेत्रफल पचे हुए भोजन को तेजी से अवशोषित करने में मदद करता है। प्रवर्ध में बहुत अधिक रक्त वाहिकाएँ होती हैं जो भोजन को अवशोषित कर शरीर की प्रत्येक कोशिका तक पहुँचाती हैं।

उत्तर 19-
‘X’ यौगिक एथेनॉल एल्कोहल (C₂H₅OH) है।
‘Y’ यौगिक एथीन (C₂H₄) है।

उत्तर 20-
फूलों के नर परागकणों का मादा के वर्तिकाग्र पर पहुँचने के प्रक्रम को परागण कहते हैं।
पादपों में परागण दो विधियों द्वारा होता है : (i) स्वयं परागण तथा (ii) पर परागण।
स्वयं परागण में एक फूल के परागकण, उसी फूल के वर्तिकाग्र पर गिरते हैं।
पर परागण में एक फूल के परागकण, उसी जाति के पौधों के किसी दूसरे फूल के वर्तिकाग्र पर वायु, जल, कीटों आदि द्वारा पहुँचाए जाते हैं।
यदि परागण क्रिया नहीं होगी, तो नर जनन कोशिकाएँ मादी जनन कोशिका (अण्डाणु) के पास नहीं पहुँच पायेंगी, अर्थात् निषेचन नहीं होगा। क्योंकि परागकणों से ही पराग नली में नर-जनन कोशिका बनती है। यही कोशिका अण्डाणु का निषेचन मादा के बीजाण्ड में करती है। इस प्रक्रिया को निषेचन के रूप में जाना जाता है।

उत्तर 21-
(a) किसी अवतल दर्पण के ध्रुव तथा मुख्य फोकस के बीच स्थित बिम्ब को प्रतिबिम्ब बनना दर्शाने के लिए किरण आरेख :
(i) दर्पण के मुख्य अक्ष के समांतर । प्रकाश किरण, परावर्तन के पश्चात् अवतल दर्पण के मुख्य फोकस से गुज़रेगी अथवा उत्तल दर्पण के मुख्य फोकस से अपसरित होती प्रतीत होगी।

(ii) अवतल दर्पण के मुख्य फोकस से गुजरने वाली किरण अथवा उत्तल दर्पण के मुख्य फोकस की ओर निर्देशित किरण परावर्तन के पश्चात् – मुख्य अक्ष के समांतर निकलेगी।

(iii) अवतल दर्पण के वक्रता केंद्र से गुजरने वाली किरण अथवा उत्तल दर्पण के वक्रता केंद्र की ओर निर्देशित किरण, परावर्तन के पश्चात् उसी पथ के अनुदिश वापस । परावर्तित हो जाती है।

प्रतिबिम्ब की स्थिति-प्रतिबिम्ब वक्रता बिन्दु (C) व फोकस दूरी (F) के बीच बनेगा।

(b) जब किसी बिम्ब को अवतल दर्पण के ध्रुव तथा मुख्य । फोकस के बीच रखा जाता है तब यह प्रतिबिम्ब दर्पण के पीछे बनेगा।
प्रतिबिम्ब सीधा व काल्पनिक तथा आकार में बिम्ब से बड़ा बनेगा।

दर्पण के स्थान पर, उसी फोकस दूरी के A अभिसारी लेंस को प्रतिस्थापित कर देने पर प्रतिबिम्ब -54 प्रतिबिम्ब की प्रकृति के साइज़ में कोई परिवर्तन नहीं होगा। परन्तु प्रतिबिम्ब, लैंस के आगे, बिम्ब के पीछे बनेगा।

अथवा
(a) वह छात्र, निकट-दृष्टि रोग से पीड़ित है। ऐसा व्यक्ति निकट रखी वस्तुओं को स्पष्ट देख सकता है परंतु । दूर रखी वस्तुओं को स्पष्ट रूप से नहीं देख पाती।
निकट दृष्टि के स्पष्टीकरण के लिए किरण आरेख :

इस दोष के दो कारण :
(i) नेत्रगोलकों का लम्बा हो जाना।।
(ii) आंख के लेंस की वक्रता अत्यधिक होना।
(b) निकट-दृष्टि दोष के संशोधन हेतु किरण आरेख : इस दोष को उपयुक्त क्षमता वाले अवतल लेंस के द्वारा संशोधित किया जा सकता है।

(c) नेत्रदान के कैम्प में युवाओं को अधिक उत्साह से भाग लेना चाहिए। लोगों को मृत्यु के बाद नेत्रदान के महत्त्व को समझाने के लिए हम जैसे विद्यार्थियों को आगे आकर सक्रिय रूप से कार्य करना चाहिए। हमारी मृत्यु के पश्चात् हमारी आँखें दो नेत्रहीन व्यक्तियों को दृष्टि प्रदान कर सकती हैं। हमें भगवान को शुक्रगुजार होना चाहिए कि उन्होंने हमें आँखों की रोशनी प्रदान की है जिनके कारण हम इस खूबसूरत दुनिया को देख पा रहे हैं।

उत्तर 22-
(a) किसी वोल्टमीटर द्वारा सबसे कम विभवांतर के मान की जो गणना की जा सकती है, उसे उस वोल्टमीटर की न्यूनतम गणना कहते है।
(b) वोल्टमीटर के दो बिंदु = OV तथा 0.5 V
∴ इनके बीच विभावंतर = 0.5 – 0.0 = 0.5V
दोनों बिंदुओं की बीच छोटी लाइनें = 20

उत्तर 23-
(a) pH पेपर की एक पट्टी पर किसी विलयन की एक बूंद डालने पर जो रंग pH पेपर पर बनता है उस रंग को pH चार्ट के रंगों से मिलान कर विलयन का pH मान ज्ञात किया जाता है।
(b) • NaOH का जलीय विलयन क्षारीय है। इसलिए इसका pH मान > 7 होगा। (7 से अधिक होगा)।
• HCl का जलीय विलयन अम्लीय है इसलिए इसका pH मान < 7 होगा। (7 से कम होगा)

उत्तर 24-
हमें निम्नलिखित सावधानियां अपनानी चाहिएं :
(i) पत्ती की निचली परत ताजे तोड़े हुए पत्ते से लेनी चाहिए।
(ii) एक ब्रुश की सहायता से परत (झिल्ली) को पैट्री डिश से स्लाइड पर रखना चाहिए।
(iii) झिल्ली स्लाइड पर मुड़नी नहीं चाहिए।
(iv) झिल्ली को स्लाइड के मध्य भाग में रखना चाहिए।
(v) स्लाइड पर कवर स्लिप धीरे से रखनी चाहिए ताकि बीच में वायु के बुलबुले न आ सकें।
(vi) स्लाइड को हमेशा किनारे से पकड़ना चाहिए ताकि स्लाइड गंदी न हो जाए।

उत्तर 25-
कठोर जल में उपस्थित कैल्शियम धातु के दो लवण :
(i) कैल्शियम क्लोराइड (CaCl₂)
(ii) कैल्शियम सल्फेट (CaSO₄)
कठोर जल में उपस्थित मैग्नीशियम धातु के दो लवण :
(i) मैग्नीशियम क्लोराइड (MgCl₂)
(ii) मैग्नीशियम सल्फेट (MgSO₄)

उत्तर 26-
यीस्ट में अलैंगिक जनन, मुकुलन विधि द्वारा होता है।
यीस्ट एक कोशिकीय फफूद जीव है।
यीस्ट किण्वन विधि द्वारा शर्करा को एथिल एल्कोहल में परिवर्तित कर देता है। इस एल्कोहल का उपयोग
मदिरा उद्योग में मदिरा बनाने के काम आता है।

उत्तर 27-
प्रिज्म में अपवर्तन के कारण बनने वाला विचलन कोण तीन कारकों पर निर्भर करता है :
(i) प्रिज्म के कोण ‘A’ पर।
(ii) आपतन कोण पर।
(ii) प्रिज्म जिस पदार्थ का बना है, उसके अपवर्तनांक पर।

We hope the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science in Hindi Medium Paper 2 help you. If you have any query regarding CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science in Hindi Medium Paper 2, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English Language and Literature Paper 3 are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English Language and Literature Paper 3.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English Language and Literature Paper 3

Board	CBSE
Class	10
Subject	English Language and Literature
Sample Paper Set	Paper 3
Category	CBSE Sample Papers

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 10 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme, as prescribed by the CBSE, is given here. Paper 3 of Solved CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English Language and Literature is given below with free PDF download Answers.

Time: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions

• The paper consists of 3 sections: A, B, C.
• Attempt all the questions.
• Don’t write anything on the question paper.
• Read each question carefully and follow the given instructions.
• All the answers must be correctly numbered and written in the answer sheet provided to you.
• Strictly adhere to the word limit given in the question paper. Marks will be deducted for exceeding the word limit.
• Ensure that questions of each section are answered together.

SECTION A
(Reading – 20 Marks)

Question 1.
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: (8)
1. Sacred trees form an important part of the ecological heritage of India. Most temples, towns, villages- and sometimes even Muslim dargahs- are associated with trees. Some plants are sacred to the individual deity; others are sacred to the place… Several plants have been worshipped in India from time immemorial. Wherever the tulsi grows—from the Indo-Gangetic plains to the shores of the Indian Ocean at Kanyakumari—it occupies a position of pride in the central courtyard of the house, tended to, carefully, by the housewife.

2. Apart from the elaborate myths connecting it to Krishna, the tulsi plant has several medicinal properties.

3. To protect and revere this plant with so many medicinal properties, it was designated as sacred, a fitting tribute to its role in providing invaluable healthcare. The worship of plants is an ancient phenomenon in India. It is probably the oldest form of worship. The association of a single tree with a sacred sthala or sthana is reflected in the chaitya vriksha and sthala vriksha or literature and society.

4. When people turned to food production, the Mother Goddess or the Earth Mother became the chief deity. Fertility, creation, and the world of plants and animals became her blessings to her devotees. The worship of the tree was the adoration of her creative abilities, symbolizing fertility so essential or the survival of the early people. Spirits—good or bad—were believed to reside in trees. If the trees were worshipped, then the resident spirits were pleased. As sacred forests were replaced by agriculture, a single tree was left and was designated as ‘sacred’ tree.

5. The earliest temples were little more than images placed under trees. Later, the tree and the image were enclosed by a fence made of wood, followed even by stone. Numerous references are made in the literature to trees as abodes of gods.

1.1. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer any eight of the following questions in brief: (1 x 8 = 8)
(a) What forms an important part of Indian ecological heritage?
(b) What kind of trees are found in religious places? ‘
(c) Where can we find the Tulsi plant?
(d) What is the myth regarding the Tulsi plant?
(e) What is one of the oldest forms of worship in India?
(f) How did Mother Goddess become the chief deity?
(g) Why did people in the past worship plants and trees?
(h) How were the temples constructed in the past?
(i) Find the word in paragraph 3 which means the same as ‘costly’.

Question 2.
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: (12)
1. The time is now to save these magnificent cats before they vanish from the earth forever. There is little time left to preserve these animals; immediate action is required.

2. I cannot imagine, nor would I wish to live in a world without tigers… without these magnificent creatures in our forests living free—without captive populations carrying on the gene pool. The power and beauty of these animals is indisputable. Tigers are an integral part of the ecosystem, as, they are a major link in the food chain. Tigers have been bestowed magical and supernatural properties by many societies, and have also been revered as gods. All living creatures of mother earth depend on one another for survival. We as human beings are brothers and sisters to every living being, from the plants to the animals to each other.

3. Crimes like these—the killing of tigers—must be stopped. They have often killed in the most barbaric, the most unbelievably cruel ways. I ask you—the reader—if learning of things like this moves you at all, then take that energy and do what you can to stop the killing of these magnificent animals. Write to your government, write to the governments of tiger countries and urge them to protect tigers. Penalties for killing tigers, and other protected wildlife need to be strongly enforced—and strong enough as to be a complete deterrent to the poaching of tigers, and also deter those who profit from such killings.

4. Extremist groups would ban all exotic animals from captivity because of small numbers of individuals that mistreat their animals, and unfortunately, the whole zoo “industry” and caring private owners get painted with the same brush. The vast majority of zoos big and small, treat their animals well, feed them well and give them proper environment and enrichment. The numbers of bad homes are small, but they do exist. The Animals Rights Organization should make sure they target only the bad homes and leave those providing a good, happy and healthy ‘ home for animals alone.

5. They don’t realize that banning all exotics from captivity could spell the end for many species of animals. Species whose numbers in the wild are extremely low, such as the Clouded Leopard, Siberian tiger, South China tiger and so forth. Zoos, sanctuaries, and responsible, knowledgeable and caring private owners are rapidly becoming the last havens to preserve ever-dwindling species of animals. These places may well, in the not so far future, hold the last remaining tigers—gems for the future who should be nurtured and protected.

6. Caring for tigers is our immense responsibility. Not just to the single tiger in your care, but to his or her species, and all tigers. Simply to own a tiger and keep him or her in your backyard as a pet is not enough, nor is it acceptable to keep this animal to yourself. You, the owner, owe it to all tigers—wild and those held in captivity—and to the future generations of these animals to educate the public about tigers—and help to change people’s opinions about wildlife preservation. Education is key to developing sensitivity to and awareness of our environment. Our children hold the hope for the future of the tiger. Heightened awareness of environmental issues will help assure our children grow up to respect and care for our global environment. Think Globally—Act Locally!

2.1. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer any four of the following questions in brief: (2 x 4 = 8)
(a) Why is the writer unable to imagine a world without tigers?
(b) What can you do to stop killing of tigers?
(c) What are the extremist groups banning? What could be its consequence?
(d) Think Globally—Act Locally! How is this possible?
(e) What should animals rights organization do for animals?

2.2. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer any four of the following: (1 x 4 = 4)
(a) The power and beauty of tigers are ……….
(i) disputable
(ii) indisputable
(iii) within dispute
(iv) required

(b) ……….. should be imposed for killing tigers.
(i) awards
(ii) gifts
(iii) penalties
(iv) poachers

(c) In paragraph 6, ………. means great.
(i) immense
(ii) dense
(iii) enormous
(iv) huge

(d) In paragraph 3, the antonym of destroyed is ………
(i)) damaged
(ii) protected
(iii) harassed
(iv) exploited

(e) ………. can develop our awareness to the environment.
(i) Training
(ii) Practice
(iii) Education
(iv) Preservation

SECTION B
(Writing & Grammar – 30 Marks)

Question 3.
You are Diksha/Gopesh, the student perfect and in charge of the school library. You have been asked to place an order for textbooks on Mathematics. Write a letter to M/s Full Marks (P) Ltd., 4238A/1, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi placing an order for the books. Invent the necessary details.
OR
You have seen an advertisement for a new ‘model sports bike launched by Honda. You are a passionate racer and are keen to buy the new model of racing bikes being offered. Next month a zonal level Bike Marathon is taking place and you are keen to enroll your name as a contestant. Write a letter to M/s Honda Bikes and Scooters, Kashmere Gate, New Delhi enquiring about the price, specifications, and availability of accessories that long-distance racers would require. You are Jai Singh living in Green Park, New Delhi.

Question 4.
Write a story in about 150-200 words on the basis of the following outline. (10)
Outline: A young boy traveling by train / has a briefcase containing a lot of money / befriends a fellow traveler/ train stops / boy goes out to buy snacks/returns/find the fellow traveler unconscious / calls the railway’s medical service/boy admitted to a hospital / recovered/thanked him.
OR
Develop a story with the help of the starting line.
Tarun Patel was a wise man. When he spoke, people listened to him. And so he chose his words and actions carefully. One day a rich man ……..

Question 5.
Fill in any four gaps by choosing the most appropriate words from the options given below. (1 x 4 = 4)
Jawaharlal Nehru went from village to village (a) ………. foot, by train, bullock cart and (b) ………. bicycle. He ate with the peasants, lived in their mud huts, talked to them (c) ……….. addressed their meetings. He lost his shyness and let (d) ………. speak in public. He (e) ……….. a lawyer just like his father.
(a) (i) at (ii) by (iii) on (iv) in
(b) (i) on (ii) in (iii) by (iv) at
(c) (i) or (ii) and (iii) with (iv) so
(d) (i) to (ii) in (iii) on (iv) for
(e) (i) become (ii) becoming (iii) became (iv) becomes

Question 6.
The following passage has not been edited. There is one error in each line. Write the incorrect word and the correction against any four lines of the passage. (1 x 4 = 4)

Question 7.
Rearrange any four of the following groups of words and phrases to form meaningful sentences: (1 x 4 = 4)
(a) lived / his / master / Raju / with
(b) him / gave / his / to eat / master / milk and bread
(c) for / took / he / long walks / Raju / the park/in
(d) with / he / Raju / had given / to play / ball / a red
(e) his / day / day / in / out / Raju / served / master

SECTION C
(Literature : Textbook & Long Reading Text – 30 Marks)

Question 8.
Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow: (1 x 4 = 4)
One of the employees who was a Postman and also helped at the post office, went to his boss laughing heartily and showed his letter to God. Never in his career as a postman had he known that address. The Postmaster – a fat, amiable fellow – also broke out laughing, but almost immediately he turned serious and tapping the letter on his desk, commented.
(a) Who wrote a letter to God?
(b) Why did the Postmaster laugh heartily?
(c) What was the reaction of the Postmaster?
(d) Why did the Postmaster turn serious?
OR
He stalks in his vivid stripes
The few steps of his cage,
On pads of velvet quiet,
In his quiet rage.
(a) Who does ‘he’ refer to?
(b) Where is ‘he’ and what is ‘he’ doing?
(c) Do you think he likes to be in the cage?
(d) Write a rhyme scheme used in this stanza.

Question 9.
Answer any four of the following questions in 30-40 words each: (2 x 4 = 8)
(a) Why did Wanda gift all her paintings of dresses to the girls? What does it show about her?
(b) Why did the pilot call the Paris Control Room to inform the first time? Why could he not contact it the second time?
(c) How did Horace Dandy enter the house at Shotover Grange and why?
(d) Who was Fowler? Why did he want to meet Ausable, a secret agent?
(e) What did Richard Ebright learn from the County Science Fair?

Question 10.
Answer any one of the following questions in about 100-120 words: (8)
Why did Kisa Gotami understand the message given by Buddha only the second time? In what way did Buddha change her understanding?
OR
Write the character sketch of hack driver.

Question 11.
Answer any one of the following questions in about 200-250 words: (10)
How does Anne’s diary show her double responsibilities?
OR
Explain the wonderful and significant transformation in Anne in the Annexe.
OR
What were the other sources of amusement to Helen, besides reading books?
OR
How was Helen’s experience of appearing for her first preliminary examinations of Radcliffe? How did Mr. Gilman help her?

Answers

Answer 1.
(a) Sacred trees are part and parcel of the Indian ecological heritage.
(b) The trees found are either sacred to the place or sacred to the individual deity.
(c) We find the Tulsi plant from Gangetic plains to the Kanyakumari in the south.
(d) According to Indian mythology, there is a connection between the Tulsi plant and Lord Krishna.
(e) The worship of plants is one of the oldest forms of worship in India.
(f) When people started growing plants for good production the earth became the Mother Goddess.
(g) They did so to pay their tribute and respect to plants which helped them survive.
(h) In the past stone, images were placed under the tree. Later a wall was constructed around them and thus temples came into existence.
(i) Invaluable.

Answer 2.
2.1. (a) The writer is unable to imagine a world without tigers as the power and beauty of these animals is indisputable. They are an integral part of the ecosystem and are a major link in the food chain.
(b) We can write to our government regarding the merciless killing of tigers. We can write to the various governments of tiger countries and urge them to protect tigers. Penalties for killing tigers should be strongly enforced.
(c) Extremist groups are banning all exotic animal from captivity. This could lead to the end of many species of animals for species whose numbers are extremely low such as clouded leopard. Caring by private owners are rapidly becoming the last havens to preserve them.
(d) This is possible because saving tigers from extinction is a global issue but each of us can play a part, by writing to the concerned government to protect these beautiful cats.
(e) The animal’s rights organization should make sure they target only the bad homes and leave those providing a good, happy and healthy home for animals alone.

2.2. (a) (ii) indisputable
(b) (iii) penalties
(c) (i) immense
(d) (ii) protected
(e) (ii) Education

Answer 3.
BVM, Public School
Ram Vihar
Delhi
23rd June, 20xx
M/s Full Marks (P) Ltd.
423 8A/1, Ansari Road
Daryaganj, New Delhi

Sub: Order for Mathematics textbooks

Sir,
I would like to place an order for textbooks in Mathematics with your firm for our school library. Since the school is going to have Mathematics exhibition by the end of this month we need the following books urgently.

Sl. No.	Subject	Classes	Author	Quantity
1.	Mathematics	Class IX (Vol. I & II)	Manjeet Singh	40 copies
2.	Mathematics	Class X (Vol. I & II)	Manjeet Singh	40 copies
3.	Mathematics	Class XI (Part 1 & 2)	Manjeet Singh	15 copies
4.	Mathematics	Class XII (Part 1 & 2)	Manjeet Singh	20 copies

We request you to give us a discount offered to the educational institutions. Please find enclosed a DD for 50000/-. The remaining amount shall be paid as soon as we receive the final bill. You are requested to send us these books through any courier service. Please ensure that the books are properly packed. The books found damaged will be returned at your cost. We shall feel highly obliged if you could deliver us these books within 10 days.

Yours truly
Gopesh (Student perfect)

OR

44, Green Park
New Delhi-110053
20th Aug, 20xx
M/s Honda Bikes and Scooters
Kashmere Gate
Delhi-110006

Sub: Price and specifications of new model sports bike

Sir,
My name is Jai Singh. I live in Green Park, New Delhi and am a bike enthusiast. I have participated in many race events. At present, I am training myself to compete for the upcoming zonal level Bike Marathon. Later I plan to participate in the coming Olympics. Being a racer I am always very passionate about the latest bike in the market. I have seen your advertisement this morning about the launch of a new racing sports model bike which not only comes in the attractive model but meets all international standards. I saw the picture in the advertisement. Needless to say, the model looks sleek and sporty with a striking color combination.
So I would like to say that I’m really excited about this bike model and wish to procure it. I would be grateful if you could give me information about the following:

• Its features in detail
• It’s Price
• Availability of necessary accessories

Please call back with all the information.

Thanking you

Yours truly
Jai Singh
Mobile No: 999***4446

Answer 4.
Once a young boy was traveling by train. He was going to attend his brother’s marriage who lived in a village. He had a bag containing a lot of money. He put the bag carefully on the’ berth and started having his lunch. Just then a boy of same age boarded the train and sat on the berth opposite to him. Soon he befriended that boy. While talking to him the boy revealed the purpose of his journey to the fellow traveler. He even invited him to the wedding. When the train stopped at the next station the boy got down the train and went out to buy snacks’ leaving his briefcase there. When he came back, he was shocked to see the fellow traveler unconscious. Immediately he called the railways medical service. The fellow traveler was taken to the hospital where he was admitted. The young boy took complete care of the fellow traveller. In a day or two, the fellow traveller recovered. He thanked the boy for being so helpful. He also got to know that the boy could not attend his brother’s marriage. The young traveller felt very bad also, but the boy told him that his mother had taught him that never leave a person at the time of need. They both happily parted from each other and went their way.
OR
Tarun Patel was a wise man. When he spoke, people listened to him. And so he chose his words and actions carefully.
One day a rich man invited Tarun Patel to a feast at his house. I would be honoured Tarun Ji,” said he, “If you would grace us with your presence tomorrow night”.
“I will come,” agreed Tarun Patel.
The following night, Tarun Patel put on his shabbiest and most comfortable clothes. “It is a bit chilly,” he said and added an old black coat. The holes in its elbows were patched with swatches from tom old flour sacks. On his feet, Tarun slipped a pair of ragged sandals.

When darkness fell he arrived at the rich man’s doorstep. A servant opened the door. “What do you want?” the servant demanded. “Your master has invited me to his feast,” said Tarun. The servant peered suspiciously at him. “Wait here,” he said, “I’ll be back in a moment.” The servant went in and came back with the rich man. The rich man waved his hand to the servant. The servant refused Tarun Patel to come. Tarun Patel went home. He changed into finest silk garments. He put his best cap on his head and added a handsome high-collared coat. He combed his beard.

Once again Tarun Patel reached the rich Hian’s house. This time the servant bowed respectfully and ushered him in. Tarun Patel was given a special seat at the feast.
At last, “Tarun Patel,” said the guests. “We have all been waiting for you.” The food was served. Tarun Patel was busy with his food.
“Tarun Patel Ji! What are you doing?” cried the rich man. For Tarun Ji had begun to spoon the soup over his best cap. He crumbled the bread and sprinkled over the shoulders of his handsome coat.

Tarun Ji replied, “When I arrived in rags you turned me away. Now I am dressed in finery, you treat me with honor. Clearly, it is my clothes you are welcoming, not me.
The rich man hung his head in shame.

Answer 5.
(a) (iii) on
(b) (iii) by
(c) (ii) and
(d) (i) to
(e) (iii) became

Answer 6.
Incorrect Correction
(a) spreading spread
(b) flag flagged
(c) it its
(d) within
(e) pass passed

Answer 7.
(a) Raju lived with his master.
(b) His master gave him milk and bread to eat.
(c) He took Raju for long walks in the park.
(d) He had given Raju a red ball to play with.
(e) Raju served his master day in and day out.

Answer 8.
(a) Lencho wrote a letter to God.
(b) The Postmaster laughed heartily because he had never seen such an address.
(c) Firstly the Postmaster broke out laughing, but soon he became serious.
(d) The Postmaster turned serious to see Lencho’s faith in God.
OR
(a) ‘He’ refers to the tiger.
(b) He is in the cage and pacing up and down.
(c) No, does not like to be in the cage. He is very impatient.
(d) abcb

Answer 9.
(a) Wanda had designed her paintings of dresses by keeping girls in her mind. In her new home, she had designed a hundred more of them. She liked the girls and considered them as her friends. So she gifted them to the girls. It shows that she was nice, friendly and forgiving by nature.
(b) The pilot called the Paris Control Room to inform the airport authorities about his flight to England. He also wanted to ask for the proper direction. He could not contact it the second time because his radio was dead due to storm.
(c) Horace had planned everything carefully. He knew where the housekeeper hung the key to the kitchen door. He wore a pair of gloves, took the key and entered the house at Shotover Grange. He made the dog quiet by calling him by his right name. He had entered to commit robbery.
(d) Fowler was a young romantic writer. He used to write suspense stories lull of mysterious characters and action. He wanted to meet Ausable, a secret agent, to know about his life. He wanted to know how he tackled dangerous situations. He wanted to use this in his new story.
(e) When Richard Ebright was in seventh grade, he participated in a county science fair. There he showed slides of frog tissues. But he lost. Now he learned that he would have to do some real experiments.

Answer 10.
Buddha wanted Kisa Gotami to understand that the life of the mortals in this world is troubled, brief and full of pain. There is no way in which those who are born can avoid dying. All young and old, fools and wise are subject to death. The world is afflicted with death and decay. So the wise do not grief knowing the reality of the world. If one does grief, his pain would be greater and his body would suffer. Thus Gotami could understand this when she could not get mustard seeds from any house that was not visited by death. The medicine to bring her dead son back to life was Buddha’s way to tell her reality of life and death.
OR
The hack driver was a fine talker. He was most affectionate and friendly with the narrator. He befooled and duped the narrator. He developed a sort of liking for him. He was frank and free. He robbed him of money by charging him at the rate of two dollars an hour. He also charged money for the narrator’s lunch. He was a trickster. The hack driver called Lutkins as a good for nothing fellow. He had a craze for playing poker. He owed to many. He was skilled in the art of duping others. He was known for his dishonesty. He was a very cunning, clever and smart fellow.
The hack driver took the narrator to many places. The narrator took him to his own house and also took him to his own farmyard but in vain. The narrator failed because Lutkins himself was the hack driver.

Answer 11.
Anne is afraid to confide in people even in her own elder sister, Margot because she is scared that she might be ridiculed by her family and friends. When Anne remarks that paper is more patient than people, she wants to convey the difficulty she has in expressing herself openly in front of others. Anne, again and again, claims that there are two distinct sides of her personality – one who is happy, frivolous while the other one is serious, sensitive and pure. She is afraid that if people see her other side of personality which is pure and genuine, they will make fun of her and consider her ridiculous and sentimental. So she never shows her inner self. She adds that what she says is not what she feels. People in the Annexe think that she is a flirt, boy-crazy and talkative. Even if it hurts her, she pretends that it does not bother her.

Anne tends to be the happy-go-lucky in public, but we, the readers, get a direct view of her serious, sensitive and warm personality. She wears a mask of a frivolous, carefree teenager but when we go through her thoughts and feelings towards others, we find a different Anne—a very matured and serious girl. She herself admits that she is always being taken as a ‘light-hearted’. Anne thinks that she is used to putting up with. The nice Anne never comes up on stage in public. She comes up when she is alone. She sometimes feels sad and hurt as she is not able to bring out her original self because she is surrounded by negative opinions, dismayed looks and mocking faces that do not allow her to show her inner self. It is a double personality syndrome that nearly all people have, but Anne’s two personalities keep out of her diary and everyone can read and notice them.
OR
Anne moved to Annexe when she was just thirteen. She thought that she would be in the Annexe for a short while. Soon the suffocating atmosphere became part of her life, a constant companion. Her fear and depression increased. It was difficult for a teenager to control her emotions and outbursts. Gradually she experiences physical and emotional transformation. She started maturing and ripening. She accepted the prevailing circumstances and got ready for the worst. Nature now became her source of inner happiness and she learned to enjoy it from her hiding place. The scarcity of provisions stopped tormenting her. She became adjusting in nature. She found that she could be the master of her nature and needed no outside support. She acquired self-confidence and this gave her extra strength to control her temper. She stopped pinpointing faults in other people. Her thoughts underwent a change. She became pensive, thoughtful and much balanced. She penned down those ideas which could be expressed only by an intellectual. She became analytical and that gave her the power to see the world objectively. A girl transformed into a woman and that too very thoughtful and understanding.
OR
During the rainy days, Helen kept busy indoors, amusing herself like other girls of her age. She liked to knit, crochet or play a game of chess with her friends. She also loved to play solitaire with playing cards. Helen enjoyed the company of little children, the best. Their prattle frolic and interest pleased her immensely. They could not spell in her hands nor could Helen read their lips but their happiness gave great joy to Helen. Helen could not play ‘dumb show’ with them and her mistakes would let the children burst into noise laughter. Helen was interested in going to museum and art stores and these visits were very inspiring to her. She traced every line and curve with her fingertips and could sense the emotions of the artists. She was particularly impressed by the medallion of Homer, the blind poet and could imagine his glorious songs. Helen was also fond of visiting the theatre. She preferred and enjoyed the plays better when they were being performed rather than reading them. She also had the privilege of meeting some great actors and actresses like Mr. Jefferson. Helen could not forget Mr. Jefferson’s enactment of the role “Rip Van Winkle”. After the play, Helen was much excited to touch his flowing hair and his dress. So Helen’s family provided all kinds of amusement to Helen and Miss Sullivan remained her constant companion and helper in all these activities. All these amusements add to her personality and Helen enjoyed them.
OR
Helen appeared for her preliminary examinations for Radcliffe from 29th June to 3rd July in 1897. The subjects she had opted were Elementary and Advanced German, French, Latin, English, Greek and Roman History making it nine hours in all. Every student was required to pass in sixteen hours—twelve for elementary and four for advanced. The papers were brought to Radcliffe by a special messenger. Every student had a Roll. No. Helen was asked to sit in a separate room so that the noise of the typewriter should not disturb the others. On the first day of examination, Mr. Gilman read out the paper sentence by sentence and made Helen repeat the words. He read out by means of manual alphabet. The papers were difficult and Helen typed the answers on the typewriter. Mr. Gilman read out the answers and Helen made whatever corrections or changes she wished to make. Helen never had this kind of advantage later and she had no chance to correct her errors. Later Mr. Gilman dispatched her papers with his certificate. Helen could fare better in her preliminaries because of the great help rendered by Mr. Gilman and because of the subjects which had been more interesting to her. Helen passed in every subject and received honors in German and English.

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CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Maths in Hindi Medium Paper 1 are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Maths in Hindi Medium. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Maths in Hindi Medium Paper 1.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Maths in Hindi Medium Paper 1

Board	CBSE
Class	10
Subject	Maths
Sample Paper Set	Paper 1
Category	CBSE Sample Papers

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 10 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme, as prescribed by the CBSE, is given here. Paper 1 of Solved CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Maths in Hindi Medium is given below with free PDF download Answers.

Time allowed: 3 hours
Maximum marks: 80

सामान्य निर्देश:

• सभी प्रश्न अनिवार्य हैं।
• इस प्रश्न-पत्र में 30 प्रश्न हैं।
• खण्ड A में प्रश्न संख्या 1-6 प्रश्न अतिलघुत्तरीय हैं जिनमें से प्रत्येक 1 अंक का है।
• खण्ड B में प्रश्न संख्या 7-12 प्रश्न लघुत्तरीय हैं जिनमें से प्रत्येक 2 अंक का है।
• खण्ड C में प्रश्न संख्या 13-22 प्रश्न दीर्घ उत्तरीय-I हैं जिनमें से प्रत्येक 3 अंक का है।
• खण्ड D में प्रश्न संख्या 23-30 प्रश्न दीर्घ उत्तरी-II हैं जिनमें से प्रत्येक 4 अंक का है।

SECTION A

प्रश्न संख्या 1 से 6 तक प्रत्येक प्रश्न का 1 अंक है।

Question 1.
समीकरण युग्म y = 0 तथा y = -5 के कितने हल हैं?

Question 2.
PQR एक समबाहु त्रिभुज में PX ⊥ QR है तो PX² का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 3.
यदि tan θ = \(\frac { a }{ x }\) तो \(\frac { x }{ \sqrt { { a }^{ 2 }+{ x }^{ 2 } } }\) का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 4.
आकृति में, वृत्त के परिगत चतुर्भुज ABCD उसकी भुजाओं AB, BC, CD तथा AD को क्रमशः P, Q, R तथा s पर स्पर्श करते हैं। यदि वृत्त की त्रिज्या 10 cm, BC = 38 cm, PB = 27 cm तथा AD ⊥ CD है, तो CD की लंबाई ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 5.
एक बक्से में कार्ड हैं जिन पर 6 से 50 तक की संख्याएँ अंकित हैं। बक्से में से यादृच्छया एक कार्ड निकाला गया। इस कार्ड पर अंकित संख्या के एक पूर्ण वर्ग होने की प्रायिकता ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 6.
यदि π = \(\frac { 22 }{ 7 }\) लें, तो 35 सेमी व्यास वाले एक पहिए द्वारा एक चक्कर में तय की गई दूरी (मीटर में) ज्ञात कीजिए।

SECTION B

प्रश्न संख्या 7 से 12 तक प्रत्येक प्रश्न के 2 अंक हैं।

Question 7.
यूक्लिड के विभाजन प्रमेयिका का प्रयोग कर HCF (865, 255) ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 8.
द्विघात समीकरण √3 x² – 8x + 4√3 के शून्यक ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 9.
∆ABC में, ∠BAC = 90° तथा AD ⊥ BC है। सिद्ध कीजिए कि AD² = BD X DC.

Question 10.
तीन अंकों वाली कितनी प्राकृतिक संख्याएँ हैं जो 9 से विभाजित होती हैं।

Question 11.
तीन सिक्कों को एक साथ उछाला गया। कम-से-कम दो चित आने की प्रायिकता ज्ञात कीजिए।
अथवा
दो पासों को एक साथ उछाला गया। एक द्विक (दोनों पासों पर एक ही संख्या) आने की प्रायिकता ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 12.
एक घड़ी की मिनट की सुई की लंबाई 14 सेमी है। इस मिनट की सुई द्वारा 5 मिनट में रचित क्षेत्रफल ज्ञात कीजिए।

SECTION C

प्रश्न संख्या 13 से 22 तक प्रत्येक प्रश्न के 3 अंक हैं।

Question 13.
3x² + 5x – 1 को x + 2 से भाग दीजिए तथा विभाजन एल्गोरिथ्म की सत्यता की जाँच कीजिए।

Question 14.
α तथा β का वह मान ज्ञात कीजिए जिनके लिए निम्नलिखित रैखिक समीकरण निकाय के अनेक हल हैं:
2x + 3y = 7; αx + (α + β) = 28

Question 15.
समलंब ABCD के विकर्ण एक दूसरे को बिंदु O पर प्रतिच्छेद करते हैं। यदि AB = 2CD है तो ΔAOB तथा ΔCOD के क्षेत्रफलों का अनुपात ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 16.
एक ΔABC में, DE || BC जिसमें AB तथा AC पर क्रमश: D तथा E स्थित हैं। यदि \(\frac { AD }{ DB } =\frac { 3 }{ 4 }\) है तो \(\frac { BC }{ DE }\) ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 17.
\(\left( \frac { { tan20 }^{ 0 } }{ { cosec70 }^{ 0 } } \right) ^{ 2 }+\left( \frac { { cot20 }^{ 0 } }{ { sec70 }^{ 0 } } \right) ^{ 2 }\) + 2tan 75° tan 45° tan 15० का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 18.
एक समांतर श्रेढी का 19 वाँ पद इसके छठे पद के तिगुने के समान है। यदि इसका 9 वाँ पद 19 हो, तो समांतर श्रेढी ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 19.
4 सेमी त्रिज्या के एक वृत्त पर ऐसी दो स्पर्श रेखाएँ खींचिए, जिनके बीच का कोण 60° हो।

Question 20.
यदि बिन्दु A(1, -2), B(2, 3), C(-3, 2) तथा D(-4, -3) एक समांतर चतुर्भुज ABCD के शीर्ष हैं, तो AB को आधार लेने पर, समांतर चतुर्भुज की ऊँचाई ज्ञात कीजिए।
अथवा
ज्ञात कीजिए कि बिंदुओं A(-3, 10) तथा B(6, -8) को मिलाने वाले रेखाखण्ड पर स्थित बिन्दु P(-1, y) इसे किस अनुपात में विभाजित करता है। y का मान भी ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 21.
एक खिलौना 7 सेमी त्रिज्या वाले अर्धगोले पर अध्यारोपित समान क्रिज्या वाले शंकु के आकार का है। यदि खिलौने की कुल ऊँचाई 31 सेमी है, तो खिलौने का संपूर्ण पृष्ठीय क्षेत्रफल ज्ञात कीजिए। [π = \(\frac { 22 }{ 7 }\) लीजिए]
अथवा
एक ठोस शंकु, जिसके आधार की त्रिज्या 10 सेमी है, को उसकी ऊँचाई के बीचों-बीच से होकर जाते हुए, एक तल से दो भागों में काटा गया है, जबकि यह तल शंकु के आधार के समांतर है। शंकु के दोनों भागों के आयतनों में अनुपात ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 22. एक बक्से में कार्ड हैं जिन पर 3, 5, 7, 9,…, 35, 37 संख्याएँ अंकित हैं। बक्से में से यादृच्छया एक कार्ड निकाला गया। प्रायिकता ज्ञात कीजिए कि निकाले गए कार्ड पर अंकित संख्या एक अभाज्य संख्या है।
अथवा
एक लीप वर्ष में से यादृच्छिक 53 सोमवार आने की प्रायिकता ज्ञात करो।

SECTION D

प्रश्न संख्या 23 से 30 तक प्रत्येक प्रश्न के 4 अंक हैं।

Question 23. निम्न रैखिक समीकरण युग्म को ग्राफ बनाइए:
2x – y = 1; x + 2y = 13
ग्राफ के समीकरण के हल ज्ञात कीजिए तथा रेखाओं तथा y-अक्ष से बने त्रिभुज को छायांकित कीजिए।

Question 24.
माना ABC एक त्रिभुज है तथा भुजा AB पर दो बिंदु D तथा E हैं जिससे AD = BE है। यदि DP || BC तथा EQ || AC है, सिद्ध कीजिए PQ || AB.

Question 25.
हल कीजिए:
\(\frac { sin\theta }{ \left( sec\theta +tan\theta -1 \right) } +\frac { cos\theta }{ \left( cosec\theta +cot\theta -1 \right) }\)
अथवा
यदि √3 cot²θ – 4 cotθ + √3 = 0, तो cot²θ + tan²θ का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।

Question 26.
निम्नलिखित आँकड़ों की माध्यिका 62.8 है तथा कुल बारंबारता 50 है। f1 तथा f2 का मान ज्ञात कीजिए:

Question 27.

Question 28.
आकृति में, ΔABC की भुजा AB, BC तथा CA, केन्द्र O तथा त्रिज्या r वाले वृत्त पर क्रमशः P, Q तथा R पर स्पर्श करती है। सिद्ध कीजिए:
(i) AB + CQ = AC + BQ
(ii) ΔABC का क्षेत्रफल = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) (ΔABC का परिमाप) x r

Question 29.
समुद्र तल से 60 मी० ऊँचे लाइट-हाउस के शिखर से देखने पर दो समुद्री जहाजों के अवनमन कोण 30° और 45° हैं। यदि लाइट-हाउस के एक ही ओर एक जहाज़ दूसरे जहाज़ के ठीक पीछे हो, तो दो जहाजों के बीच की दूरी ज्ञात कीजिए। [√3 = 1.732 लीजिए।]

Question 30.
7 सेमी आंतरिक व्यास की एक बेलनाकार पाइप से बहता हुआ पानी एक पात्र में 192.5 लीटर प्रति मिनट की दर से इकट्ठा हो रहा है। पाइप में पानी की गति किमी/घंटा में ज्ञात कीजिए। [π = \(\frac { 22 }{ 7 }\) लीजिए
अथवा
धातु की चादर से बना और ऊपर से खुला एक बर्तन शंकु के छिन्नक के आकार का है, जिसकी ऊंचाई 16 सेमी है तथा निचले और ऊपरी सिरों के व्यास क्रमशः 16 सेमी तथा 40 सेमी हैं। इस बर्तन को बनाने के लिए प्रयुक्त धातु की चादर को मूल्य 10 प्रति 100 वर्ग सेमी की दर से ज्ञात कीजिए। [π = 3.14 लीजिए]

SOLUTIONS

Solution 1.
y = 0 तथा y = -5 समांतर रेखाएँ हैं।
अतः कोई हल नहीं है।

Solution 2.

Solution 3.

Solution 4.

रचना : OR को मिला।
उपपत्ति ∠1 = ∠2 = 90° …..[वृत्त की स्पर्श रेखाएँ, स्पर्श बिंदु से जाने वाली त्रिज्या पर लंब होती हैं।
∠3 = 90°…[दिया है]
ORDS एक वर्ग है।
DR = DS = 10 cm …….(i)
BP = BQ = 27 cm …[बाह्य बिंदु से खींची गई स्पर्श रेखा]
CQ = 38 – 27 = 11 cm
RC = CQ = 11 cm …[बाह्य बिंदु से खींची गई स्पर्श रेखा] …..(ii)
CD = DR + RC = 10 + 11 = 21 cm …[(1) और (ii) से]

Solution 5.
पत्तों की कुल संख्या = 50 – 6 + 1 = 45
9, 16, 25, 36, 49 पूर्ण वर्ग संख्याएँ हैं अर्थात् 5 संख्याएँ
P(एक पूर्ण वर्ग संख्या) = \(\frac { 5 }{ 45 }\) = \(\frac { 1 }{ 9 }\)

Solution 6.
वांछित दूरी = पहिए की परिधि = 2πr
= 2 x \(\frac { 22 }{ 7 }\) x \(\frac { 35 }{ 2 }\) cm = 110 cm = 1.1 m

Solution 7.
865 > 255
865 = 255 x 3 + 100
255 = 100 x 2 + 55
100 = 55 x 1 + 45
55 = 45 x 1 + 10
45 = 10 x 4 + 5
10 = 5 x 2 + 0
शेषफल 0 है।
HCF = 5

Solution 8

Solution 9.

समकोण ΔBDA में, ∠1 + ∠5 = 90° …(i)
समकोण ΔBAC में, ∠1 + ∠4 = 90° …(ii)
∠1 + ∠5 = ∠1 + ∠4 …[(i) और (ii) से]
∠5 = ∠4 …(iii)
ΔBDA और ΔADC में,
∠5 = ∠4 …[(iii) से]
∠2 = ∠3 …[प्रत्येक 90°]
ΔBDA ~ ΔADC …[AA समरूपता]
\(\frac { BD }{ AD } =\frac { AD }{ CD }\) ……. [समरुप त्रिभुजों की भुजाएँ समानुपाती होती हैं]
AD² = BD x DC

Solution 10.
पदों की संख्या n = ?
A.P.: 108 + 117 + 126 +… + 999
प्रथम पद, a = 108
सार्व अंतर, d = 117 – 108 = 9
an = 999
a + (n – 1)d = an
108 + (n – 1).9 = 999
⇒ (n – 1) 9 = 999 – 108 = 891
⇒ (n – 1) = \(\frac { 891 }{ 9 }\) = 99
⇒ n = 99 + 1 = 100

Solution 11.
कुल परिणाम, S = {HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, TTH, THT, HTT, TTT) = 8
P(दो चित) = \(\frac { 3 }{ 8 }\)
अथवा
दो पांसे फेंकने पर कुल संभावित परिणाम, 6 x 6 = 36
“एक द्विक” प्राप्त करने के संभावित परिणाम (1,1), (2,2), (3,3), (4,4), (5,5), (6,6), अर्थात् 6
P(एक द्विक) = \(\frac { 6 }{ 36 }\) = \(\frac { 1 }{ 6 }\)

Solution 12.

Solution 13.

Solution 14.

Solution 15.

Solution 16.

Solution 17.

Solution 18.

Solution 19.
केन्द्र O तथा त्रिज्या 4 cm वाला एक वृत्त बनाया।
∠AOB = 120° बनाया। A और B से ∠PAO = ∠PBO = 90° बनाया जो P पर मिलते हैं।

PA तथा PB वांछित स्पर्श रेखाएँ हैं।

Solution 20.

Solution 21.

Solution 22.
पत्तों की कुल संख्या = 18
अभाज्य संख्याएँ हैं :
3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, अर्थात्, 11
P(अभाज्य संख्या) = \(\frac { 11 }{ 18 }\)
अथवा
लीप वर्ष में, कुले दिनों की संख्या = 366
366 दिन = 52 सप्ताह + 2 अतिरिक्त दिन
अतः एक लीप वर्ष में हमेशा 52 सोमवार तथा 2 अतिरिक्त दिन होते हैं।
2 अतिरिक्त दिन हो सकते हैं।
(i) रविवार और सोमवार
(ii) सोमवार और मंगलवार
(iii) मंगलवार और बुधवार
(iv) बुधवार और वीरवार
(v) वीरवार और शुक्रवार
(vi) शुक्रवार और शनिवार
(vii) शनिवार और रविवार
माना E एक घटना है जिसमें एक लीप वर्ष में 53 सोमवार हैं।
E = (रविवार और सोमवार, सोमवार और मंगलवार)
P(E) = \(\frac { 2 }{ 7 }\)

Solution 23.

Solution 24.

Solution 25.

Solution 26.

Solution 27.

Solution 28.
भाग I:
उपपत्ति: AP = AR …(i)
BP = BQ …(ii)
CQ = CR …(iii)
वृत्त के बाह्य बिंदु से खींची गई स्पर्श रेखाओं की लंबाई समान होती हैं।
(i), (ii) और (iii) को जोड़ने पर,
AP + BP + CQ = AR + BQ + CR
AB + CQ = AC + BQ

Solution 29.

Solution 30.

We hope the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Maths in Hindi Medium Paper 1 help you. If you have any query regarding CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Maths in Hindi Medium Paper 1, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English Language and Literature Paper 2 are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English Language and Literature Paper 2.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English Language and Literature Paper 2

Board	CBSE
Class	10
Subject	English Language and Literature
Sample Paper Set	Paper 2
Category	CBSE Sample Papers

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 10 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme, as prescribed by the CBSE, is given here. Paper 2 of Solved CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English Language and Literature is given below with free PDF download Answers.

Time: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions

• The paper consists of 3 sections: A, B, C.
• Attempt all the questions.
• Don’t write anything on the question paper.
• Read each question carefully and follow the given instructions.
• All the answers must be correctly numbered and written in the answer sheet provided to you.
• Strictly adhere to the word limit given in the question paper. Marks will be deducted for exceeding the word limit.
• Ensure that questions of each section are answered together.

SECTION A
(Reading – 20 Marks)

Question 1.
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: (8)
1. One day Gandhiji and Vallabhbhai Patel were talking in the Yeravda jail when Gandhiji remarked, “At times even a dead snake can be of use.” And he related the following story to illustrate his point: Once a snake entered the house of an old woman. The old woman was frightened and cried out for help. Hearing her, the neighbors rushed up and killed the snake. Then they returned to their homes. Instead of throwing the dead snake far away, the old woman flung it onto her roof.
2. Sometime later a kite flying overhead spotted the dead snake. In its beak, the kite had a pearl necklace which it had picked up from somewhere. It dropped the necklace and flew away with the dead snake. When the old woman saw a bright, shining object on her roof she pulled it down with a pole. Finding that it was a pearl necklace she danced with joy!
3. One day a bania found a snake in his house. He could not find anyone to kill it for him and had not the courage to kill it himself. Besides, he hated killing any living creature. So, he covered the snake with a pot and let it there.
4. As luck would have it, that night some thieves broke into the bania’s house. They entered the kitchen and saw the overturned pot. “Ah”, they thought, “the bania has hidden something valuable here.” As they lifted the pot, the snake struck. Having come with the object of stealing, they barely left with their lives.
5. Once he came out of jail, Gandhiji went from city to city, village to village collecting funds for the Charkha Sangh. During one of his tours, he addressed a meeting in Orissa.
6. After his speech a poor old woman got up. She was bent with age, her hair was grey and her clothes were in tatters. The volunteers tried to stop her, but she fought her way to the place where Gandhiji was sitting. “I must see him,” she insisted and going up to Gandhiji touched his feet.
7. Then from the folds of her sari, she brought out a copper coin and placed it at his feet. Gandhiji picked up the copper coin and put it away carefully.
8. The Charkha Sangh funds were under the charge of Jamnalal Bajaj. He asked Gandhi for the coin but Gandhi refused.

1.1. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer any eight of the following questions in brief: (1 x 8 = 8)
(a) Why did the woman cry out?
(b) What did the kite do when it saw the dead snake on the roof?
(c) How did the live snake help the bania?
(d) Why was the old woman happy?
(e) Why did Gandhiji go to Orissa?
(f) Describe the woman who went up to meet Gandhiji.
(g) Why did the old woman have to fight her way to the place where Gandhiji was sitting?
(h) Who was in charge of the Charkha Sangh funds and what did he ask Gandhiji for?
(i) Find the word in paragraph 8 which is the Antonym of ‘Accepted’.

Question 2.
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: (12)
1. The other day I received an unusual and very gratifying gift: I was given a tree or rather, I was given half-a-dozen trees which would be planted on my behalf. I had been invited to give a talk to an organization. After such events, the speaker is usually given a token gift. Sometimes the gift is that of a pen, or something useful. Often, the gift is in the form of a plaque or a similar token. However well-meant, such gifts are destined to gather dust in forgotten comers. Which is why I was agreeably surprised to be given a scroll which attested that, on a designated plantation established for the purpose, trees would be added in my name as part of the ‘green’ movement sponsored by the organization.
2. In an increasingly environmentally conscious world, the gift of a living tree or plant makes for a perfect present. The tradition of giving and receiving gifts has increasingly become a highly evolved marketing exercise. Apart from festivals like Diwali, Holi, Christmas, Eid and others, a whole new calendar of celebration events has been created to promote the giving of gifts: Mother’s Day, Father’s day, Teacher’s day, Valentine’s Day and so on.
3. What do you give to people – friends, relatives, spouses, children, parents, employees, clients, well-wishers who more or less have everything or at least everything that you could afford to give them as a gift?
4. Another box of chocolates? Another bottle of scent or after-shave? Another shirt or a kurta? Another another?
5. Thinking of unusual and pleasing presents which are also affordable is a full-time job. Like wedding planners and planners of theme parties, present planners—professionals who select and make up gift packages for you to give on occasions like marriages and corporate events— and doing increasingly good business.
6. However, the best-planned gifts of mine and thine go often awry. How often particularly during the so-called ‘festive seasons’ when gift giving and gift receiving reach epidemic proportions— have you had the embarrassing experience of getting back as a present a gift you yourself had given to someone who, having no use for it and not realizing that it was you who had gifted it, to begin with had unwittingly returned your gift to you? Like musical chairs, musical gifts only too often go round and round.
7. This is true not only at the individual but also at the level of the state. The diplomatic protocol also demands the exchange of gifts according to culture and tradition. Such tokens like the numbers of crudely made miniature Taj Mahals that Sarkari India has presented into the reluctant hands of foreign guests must fill entire godowns across the globe.
8. How much more preferable a living tree than a crude model of the Taj possibly made of marble from an unauthorized quarry? If the giving of tree sapling were to be institutionalized, it could lead to another green revolution in the lucrative and growing field of gift giving, with a new, eco-friendly industry taking root in plantations and nurseries specially created for the purpose. People could feel good looking at the certificate that trees had been planted in their names. Next birthday, give someone you love a tree one day the two of you might sit under the shade of the same tree.

2.1. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer any four of the following questions in brief: (2 x 4 = 8)
(a) What was the gift? Why was it unusual and gratifying?
(b) Why is selecting a gift described as a ‘full-time job’?
(c) What does the writer mean by “However the best-planned gifts of mine and thine go often awry”?
(d) How can we cause another green revolution?
(e) What is a demand made by diplomatic protocol?

2.2. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer any four of the following: (1 x 4 = 4)
(a) In paragraph 1, ………… means satisfying.
(i) gratifying
(ii) contenting
(iii) relieving
(iv) modification

(b) A token gift is usually given to …………..
(i) the listener
(ii) the speaker
(iii) the referee
(iv) the leader

(c) Procedure ………. are slanted in their names.
(i) trees
(ii) mangoes
(iii) roses
(iv) gifts

(d) In paragraph 6, the synonym of unintentionally is ……….
(i) diplomatic
(ii) initializing
(iii) unauthorized
(iv) unwittingly

(e) The giving of tree sapling should be ……….
(i) ordered
(ii) mandatory
(iii) institutionalized
(iv) lucrative

SECTION B
(Writing & Grammar – 30 Marks)

Question 3.
Write a letter to the Editor of a local newspaper complaining about employing minor children both boys and girls as full domestic help is a common feature, also advocating the need to stop such practice which deprives the children of their basic rights. You are Kunwar/Shubhangi, B-36, Mayur Vihar, Phase-II, Delhi.
OR
You are Sakshi/Saksham, a customer of Excited Broadband. Write a letter to the Customer Care Department, Excited regarding the poor service of Internet connection. You are a resident of 485, Ram Nagar, Shahdara.

Question 4.
Write a complete story in about 150-200 words on the basis of the startup lines.
Rajan was never ordinary, except his circumstances. A student of class IX ………
OR
Develop a story with the help of the following opening line-
Once a man named Mohanlal lived in a city. He had four sons ………….

Question 5.
Fill in any four gaps by choosing the most appropriate words from the options given below. (1 x 4 = 4)
Today we (a) ………. all familiar with the use of fingerprinting. It is very important and is fighting crime. (b) ………….. many people do not know that it was in India (c) ………. fingerprints (d) ………. first used for catching criminals. Fingerprints (e) ………. be found on practically any solid surface including the human body.
(a) (i) are (ii) is (iii) were (iv) was
(b) (i) Since (ii) But (iii) And (iv) Though
(c) (i) which (ii) who (iii) that (iv) where
(d) (i) was (ii) is (iii) are (iv) were
(e) (i) should (ii) shall (iii) can (iv) will

Question 6.
The following passage has not been edited. There is one error in each line. Write the . incorrect word and the correction against any four lines of the passage. (1 x 4 = 4)

Question 7.
Rearrange any four of the following groups of words and phrases to form meaningful sentences: (1 x 4 = 4)
(a) love / Indians / celebrate / to / festivals
(b) enjoy / time / they / with / spending / families / their
(c) exchanged / are/and / sweets / are / gifts / distributed
(d) even/away / some / stay / people / work / from
(e) religion / of / most / are / the / festivals / India / with / in / associated

SECTION C
(Literature : Textbook & Long Reading Text – 30 Marks)

Question 8.
Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow: (1 x 4 = 4)
Did you finish your homework, Amanda?
Did you tidy your room, Amanda?
I thought I told you to clean your shoes Amanda!
(a) Who speaks these lines and to whom?
(b) What are the various works she has to do?
(c) What does the parent think she asked her Amanda to do?
(d) Does Amanda listen to her mother attentively?
OR
Never, never and never again shall it be that this beautiful
The land will again experience the oppression of one another.
The Sun shall never set on so glorious a human achievement.
Let freedom reign. God bless Africa!
(a) Who speaks these words and when?
(b) What kind of oppression does the speaker refer to here?
(c) Explain ‘The Sun shall never set’.
(d) Who led the first non-racial government?

Question 9.
Answer any four of the following questions in 30-40 words each: (2 x 4 = 8)
(a) Who received Lencho’s letter? Why did he answer it?
(b) Why was it difficult for Hari to rob Anil?
(c) ‘Horace was no ordinary thief.’ Explain.
(d) How did the young seagull’s mother teach him flying?
(e) What is the story about the origin of the people of Coorg?

Question 10.
Answer any one of the following questions in about 100-120 words: (8)
How did otter behave in the beginning? How did he become familiar with the author?
OR
The course of the Loisel’s life changed due to the necklace. Comment.

Question 11.
Answer any one of the following questions in about 200-250 words:
Give a character sketch of Margot Frank.
OR
What were the economic and social conditions during the war?
OR
Describe Helen’s first experience of encountering a dangerous aspect of nature.
OR
Give a brief character sketch of Helen’s mother.

Answers

Answer 1.
(a) The woman cried out for help because a snake had entered her house and that sight frightened her.
(b) The kite dropped a pearl necklace which it had picked up from somewhere and flew away with the dead snake.
(c) When the thieves entered the bania’s house they saw the snake under the pot and ran for their lives.
(d) The old woman was happy because the kite had dropped a pearl necklace on her roof while taking the dead snake.
(e) Gandhiji went to Orissa for collecting funds.
(f) The woman was old and her body was bent with age. She had grey hair and tattered clothes.
(g) The old woman had to fight her way because the volunteers tried to stop the poor woman from going to Gandhiji.
(h) Jamnalal Bajaj was in-charge of the Charkha Sangh funds and he asked for the copper coin from Gandhiji.
(i) Refused

Answer 2.
2.1. (a) The gift was a scroll which attested that on a designated plantation half a dozen trees would be planted on behalf of the writer. It was all usual and gratifying for him as it was different from the usual token of appreciation handed down to a speaker and it was for a great cause.
(b) Selecting a gift is described as a full-time job as often people have all necessities and it is impossible to choose the perfect gift for them. Also most of the time we get things in gifts we usually do possess.
(c) The writer means that sometimes even giving gifts can go totally wrong. Sometimes during the festive, season, one can receive back the same gift from another that he/she had given.
(d) We can cause another green revolution if gifting saplings were to be started. This would ‘ lead to people and even diplomats receiving and giving saplings which would lead to growth of plantations and nurseries.
(e) The diplomatic protocol also demands exchange of gifts according to culture and tradition. Such tokens like the numbers of crudely made miniature Taj Mahals that Sarkari India has presented into the reluctant hands of foreign guests must fill entire godowns across the globe.

2.2. (a) (i) gratifying
(b) (ii) the speaker
(c) (i) trees
(d) (iv) unwittingly
(e) (iii) institutionalized

Answer 3.
B-36, Mayur Vihar
Phase-II, Delhi
19th June, 20xx
The Editor
The Times of India
New Delhi

Sub: Stopping Child Labour

Sir,
Through the columns of your esteemed newspaper, I want to raise my voice against the exploitation of minors by the so-called elite class. They employ some boys and girls as full-time domestic help in order to save money. These children are given very less salary.
They have to work hard the whole day whereas the children of the employer enjoy all the luxuries of life and study in good schools. Sometimes the employers go to the extent of inflicting atrocities on these children. It is really painful to see that at this tender age these children are compelled to work under most unfavorable conditions.
Most of the time, parents of these children are responsible for their plight. Just to add the income of the family they drop their children from school and engage them in doing such a job. Our Government should take some concrete steps to improve the condition of these underprivileged children. I would like you to give appropriate space to my letter in your esteemed newspaper so that the authorities concerned wake up and take appropriate action.

Yours sincerely
Kunwar

OR

485, Ram Nagar
Shahdara, Delhi
15th Sept., 20xx
The Manager
Customer Care Department (Broadband)
Excitel, Exchange Ram Nagar
Delhi-110032

Sub: Poor Broadband Service

Sir,
I am a customer of your reputed broadband service and my customer ID is 41721. The Internet service at my home is very poor and I have to restart the modem or adjust the cables 10-12 times to get it working every time. Even after that, it works only for 5-7 minutes and then the modem restarts itself.
I have already raised several complaints on the helpline number but the issue has not been rectified as yet. It seems that there is some hardware issue with modem and it needs replacement as it keeps on restarting and its indicators are also not in proper order.
I would highly appreciate if you would look into the matter to deliver the best to its customers.

Thanking you

Yours faithfully
Sakshi
Mobile No. 97604-19xxx

Answer 4.
Rajan was never ordinary, except his circumstances. A student of class IX he was always above his peers, be it neatness, punctuality or discipline. He never had time to waste. After school, he had to help his father at their small shop. He would always carry his books and when there was no customer he would quickly complete his homework. His teachers were very fond of ’ him, especially his English teacher. The moment the teacher would ask the question, Rajan would be the first one to raise his hand. The only subject that put in a spoke in his wheel v/as Maths. He envied everyone who could solve the Maths problems within no time. Rajan’s dreams were translated into reality when he got the chance to work part-time in the household of a retired college professor of Maths, Mr. Rakesh. Mr. and Mrs. Rakesh not only attended to Rajan’s drawback but also gave him excellent career guidance. With the grace of God and his hard work, Rajan cleared the IIM with flying colors.
OR
Once a man named Mohanlal lived in a city. He and his wife had four sons. Both of them passed away, while the children were still young. Their greedy relatives tricked them out of their property and the boys were left penniless. One day the eldest brother said, “It seems to me that we should master some skills which will help us to earn a lot of money and be free.” After some discussion, they decided that it would be best if they acquired magic powers, which would help to bring in a steady income. They set off in different directions. Many months later, they met at appointed place.

The eldest son said, “I have mastered a particular kind of magic. I can cover the bare bones of an animal with the right kind of flesh.
The second one said, “I have learned to add skin and hairs of the animal after the flesh has been added to the bones. The third one said, “I know how to create the limbs of the animals whose bones have been clothed with skin, flesh, and hair. And the fourth one said, “When such an animal is fully formed, I can fill life into it.

So they went into the forest to look for the bones of an animal. Soon they found some scattered bones of an animal. The three brothers who knew to change showed their magic and they saw that they had made a lion. As soon as the fourth brother muttered a spell, the huge lion arose and ate each one of them. Thus, four brothers died because of foolish ideas. This proves if you lack wisdom and common sense even the best skills cannot help you.

Answer 5.
(a) (i) are
(b) (ii) But
(c) (iii) that
(d) (iv) were
(e) (iii) can

Answer 6.
Incorrect    Correction
(a) in             on
(b) the           a
(c) with         of
(d) for           to
(e) the           a

Answer 7.
(a) Indians love to celebrate festivals.
(b) They enjoy spending time with their families.
(c) Gifts are exchanged and sweets are distributed.
(d) Some people even stay away from work.
(e) Most of the festivals in India are associated with religion.

Answer 8.
(a) These lines are spoken by Amanda’s parents to Amanda.
(b) She has to complete her homework, clean her room and her shoes.
(c) The parents think that she asked Amanda to clean her shoes.
(d) She does not listen to her mother as she is often lost in her world of imagination.
OR
(a) These words are spoken by Nelson Mandela on the ceremony of South Africa’s first democratically elected government.
(b) The speaker refers to the oppression of the blacks by the whites in South Africa.
(c) It means that the independence of the people of South Africa should last forever.
(d) Nelson Mandela.

Answer 9.
(a) Lencho’s letter was received by the postmaster. Since it was addressed to God and the postmaster, who was kindhearted and generous, did not want to shake Lencho’s faith in God. He wanted to help Lencho and his family. Therefore he answered it.
(b) Anil was the most trusting person Hari had met. He had given him a key to the door and therefore it was difficult to rob him. According to Hari, it’s easy to rob a greedy man because he can afford to be robbed. But it’s difficult to rob a careless man because sometimes he does not even notice he’s been robbed and takes all the pleasure out of work.
(c) Horace was no ordinary thief because he loved rare, expensive books. So he robbed a safe every year. Each year he planned carefully. What he would do that he stole enough to last for twelve months and secretly bought the books he loved through an agent.
(d) The young Seagull’s mother kept him hungry forth twenty-four hours. She kept playing with a piece of fish before him. She came to him with it. Then she suddenly stopped before him. It provoked him to dive for food. Thus she taught him to fly.
(e) It is said that people of Coorg are of Greek or Arabic origin. Apart of Alexander’s army is said to have settled here. This is clear from their traditions and rites which are different from the Hindus. The theory of Arab origin draws support from the long, black coat worn by the Kodavus, which is known as Kuppia.

Answer 10.
In the beginning, the otter was neither hostile nor friendly. He was simply aloof and indifferent.
He preferred to sleep on the floor near the author’s bed. But soon he got familiar with the author and started taking a keen interest in his surroundings. The second night he came on to the author’s bed and slept in the crook of his knees. Thereafter he became friendly with the author. Whenever he was in trouble, he rushed to the author for protection. When he was indoors he spent most of the time in play. He even escaped to the bathroom where it struggled with tap for water. In this way, he became familiar with the author.
OR
Matilda lost Mrs. Forestier’s necklace while she was dancing at the ball. Matilda and her husband had to return the necklace after borrowing eighteen thousand francs from lenders. They handed the jewel box to Mrs. Forestier who did not open the Jewel Box. After that Matilda and her husband spent a life of misery. A tremendous change came in the lifestyle of Matilda after this incident. She started living in a rented house, sent away the maid, and also started doing all the household work. She led a wretched, poor and humble life for ten years. Matilda’s desire to show off and one little act of negligence or one small error led to the utter ruin of their life full of pleasures. They suffered poverty for ten years due to the debt they incurred to buy a necklace.

Answer 11.
Margot Frank is Anne’s elder sister. She is sixteen at the beginning of the diary and eighteen at the end of it. She does not get much attention in the diary, yet according to Anne, she is prettier, quieter, smarter and more matured than Anne. We do come across some minor quarrels between the two sisters but Margot is Anne’s wellwisher. She sees Anne as a friend to talk to and confide in. She even encourages Anne’s relationship with Peter. Still, she remains under-appreciated by Anne. Her moves in the diary depict her as a mature and caring person. Margot is docile and not assertive like Anne. She is more self-controlled though for Anne she is weak-willed and passive. Margot is quite intelligent and good at her studies. She is not at all jealous of Anne because she has not found a friend like her so much so, she even tells her sister that she thinks of Peter as a young brother. She is not impulsive and moody. She is not critical of other’s faults. She is closer to her mother. This can be the reason why she has been under-appreciated by Anne. She is of adjusting nature and accepts life as it is. She has not developed much like Anne.
OR
The economic and social conditions worsened day by day during the war. Half a pound of coffee cost eighty guilders, half a pound of tea cost three hundred and fifty guilders and a pound of butter cost thirty-five guilders. Everyone was trading in the black market. People had to queue for vegetables and all kinds of goods. Vandalization, murders, and thefts were daily occurrences. The doctors could not visit the patients since their cars and bikes were stolen the moment they turned their back to them. The little children smashed the windows of people’s homes and stole whatever they could lay their hands on. People never left their homes in the fear of finding their belongings stolen. Even the police and night watchman were getting in on the act. Everyone wanted to put food into their stomachs and since wages had been frozen, people resolved to swindling. Everyday the newspapers were filled with reward notice for the return of stolen typewriters, prison rugs, etc. The electric clocks on street comers were dismantled and public phones were stripped down to the last wire. The police had been mightily trying to track down many girls of fifteen and older who were reported missing every day. The only good thing that came out of this was as the situation became more severe, the act of sabotage against the authorities increased.
OR
Once Helen and Miss Sullivan were returning from a walk and they decided to rest under a wild cherry tree. They decided to have lunch sitting under the tree. Helen managed to climb the tree and found a seat in the branches. Miss Sullivan went away to the house to bring the lunch. Suddenly the sky was overcast with clouds and Helen could feel the difference in the atmosphere. She sensed the sky had turned dark as the sun’s warmth had dwindled. Helen smelt a strange odor coming up from the earth, the odor that preceded a thunderstorm. Helen was very frightened. She was alone, cut off from her friends and family and away from her teacher. Moreover, she wanted to get down from the tree. The tree shivered, the branches swayed and Helen held the branches very tightly. The twigs snapped and fell on Helen, the branches heaved and lashed. Helen had been driven to great fright when luckily her teacher arrived and was greatly delighted to feel the earth under her feet. That day Helen learned another lesson. She woke up to the fact that nature is not always kind and giving. It can be cruel and dangerous also. Beneath the softest touch were hidden treacherous claws.
OR
Right from the beginning, the greatest credit of making Helen self-reliant went to Helen’s mother, who had been the epitome of encouragement and motivation. Helen noticed the entire world sitting in her mother’s lap. Her mother succeeded in making Helen understand a great deal. She learned to distinguish her clothes, do errands, make crude signs and feel all the objects. Her mother stressed on Helen’s strengths and did not complain about her deprivations. During Helen’s temperamental outbursts there was a great understanding on her part. Helen was never alienated. She was always there, within the family entertaining guests and making Christmas preparations. Helen’s mother never gave up hope for Helen’s education as she had read Dickens’ American Notes. She had read of the deaf and blind Laura Bridgman. Most of the family members doubted if Helen could ever be educated but her mother persisted in her efforts and finally, Miss Sullivan arrived at the doorstep. Helen’s mother never interfered with the innovative methods of Miss Sullivan’s teaching and provided all the support. She was a lady who could take a firm step also when things turned a little ugly at the Gilman school. Helen was immediately withdrawn. Helen’s mother tried every way to make Helen communicate. Helen’s mother remained her greatest strength and her greatest inspiration.

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CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science in Hindi Medium Paper 1 is part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science in Hindi Medium . Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science in Hindi Medium Paper 1

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science in Hindi Medium Paper 1

Board	CBSE
Class	X
Subject	Science
Sample Paper Set	Paper 1
Category	CBSE Sample Papers

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 10 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme as prescribed by the CBSE is given here. Paper 1 of Solved CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science in Hindi Medium is given below with free PDF download solutions.

समय : 3 घण्टे
पूर्णांक : 80

सामान्य निर्देश :

• इस प्रश्न पत्र के दो भाग, A व B हैं। आप को दोनों भाग करने हैं।
• सभी प्रश्न अनिवार्य हैं।
• भाग A के सभी प्रश्न एक साथ करने हैं तथा भाग B के सभी प्रश्न एक साथ करने हैं।
• भाग A के प्रश्न सं० 1 व 2 एक अंक के हैं। इनका उत्तर एक शब्द अथवा एक वाक्य में लिखना है।
• प्रश्न सं० 3 से 5 तक दो अंक के हैं। इनका उत्तर 30 शब्दों में (प्रत्येक प्रश्न के लिए) लिखिए।
• प्रश्न सं० 6 से 15 तक तीन अंक के हैं। इनमें से प्रत्येक प्रश्न का उत्तर 50 शब्दों में लिखिए।
• प्रश्न सं० 16 से 21 तक पाँच अंक के हैं। इनमें से प्रत्येक प्रश्न का उत्तर 70 शब्दों में लिखिए।
• भाग B के प्रश्न सं० 22 से 27 तक प्रयोगात्मक कौशल पर आधारित हैं। प्रत्येक प्रश्न दो अंक का है।

SECTION A

प्र०1.
एक विद्युत धारा ले जाती चालक तार को एक चुबंकीय क्षेत्र में रखा जाता है, चालक तार जब सबसे अधिक बल लगता है तो उस समय दिशा के चालक तार की विद्युत धारा की दिशा तथा चुर्बकीय क्षेत्र के बीच कितने डिग्री का कोण होता है?

प्र०2.
नाक तथा जीभ पर कौन-कौन सी संवेदक ग्राहियाँ उपस्थित होती हैं?

प्र०3.
सौर पैनल क्या हैं?

प्र०4.
निम्नलिखित अभिक्रिया के लिए संतुलित रासायनिक समीकरण लिखिए और यह बताइए की यह किस प्रकार की अभिक्रिया है तथा उसे स्पष्ट भी करें : जब ऑयरन (III) ऑक्साईड, एल्युमिनियम से अभिक्रिया करता है तथा एल्युमिनियम ऑक्साईड व तरल ऑयरन बनता है।

प्र०5.
हम अक्सर रिहायशी कॉलोनियों की पिछली गलियों में गंदगी व घरेलू कचरे को अपघटित होते हुए देखते हैं। कुछ ऐसे तरीके सुझाइए जिससे लोगों को जागरूक किया जा सके कि इस प्रकार कचरे को फेंकने से पर्यावरण को क्षति पहुँचती है।

प्र०6.
एक भूरे लाल रंग की धातु, जिसे विद्युत की चालक तारों को बनाने में उपयोग किया जाता है, जब उसका चूर्ण बना कर एक चाइना प्याली में गर्म किया जाता है तो वह काले रंग का हो जाता है। इस काले चूर्ण में हाइड्रोजन गैस प्रवाहित करने पर, वह पुनः अपने पुराने भूरे लाल रंग में आ जाता है। इसके आधार पर निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए :
(i) इस धातु का नाम लिखिए तथा काले रंग के उत्पाद का नाम भी लिखिए।
(ii) दोनों अभिक्रियाओं के लिए संतुलित रासायनिक समीकरण भी लिखिए।

प्र०7.
(a) एक संयोजन अभिक्रिया का उदाहरण लिखें जो ऊष्माक्षेपी अभिक्रिया भी हो।
(b) निम्नलिखित अभिया में उपचयन ऐजेंट व अपचयन ऐजेंट चुनिए।
H₂S + Cl₂ → 2HCl + S
(c) उस प्रक्रम का नाम लिखिए जिसके कारण तैलीय भोजन को ज्यादा समय तक खुला रखने पर उसकी गंध व स्वाद खराब हो जाता है। इसके बचाव के दो उपाय भी लिखिए।
अथवा
(a) उन क्षारों को क्या कहते हैं, जो जल में अति घुलनशील होते हैं? इसका एक उदाहरण दें।
(b) दांत का खराब होना, pH से किस प्रकार संबंधित है? इसका किस प्रकार बचाव किया जा सकता है?
(c) मधुमक्खी के कांटने पर जलन व पीड़ा क्यों होती है? काटने वाली जगह पर मीठा सोडा मसलने पर आराम क्यों महसूस होता है?

प्र०8.
(a) पानी में डालने पर केल्शियम तैरने क्यों लगता है?
(b) अधिकतर धातु, नाइट्रिक अम्ल से अभिक्रिया करने पर H₂ गैस निष्कासित नहीं करती। क्यों? ।
(c) आयरन (लोहे) तथा भाप के बीच होने वाली अभिक्रिया का समीकरण लिखिए। बनने वाले आयरन के यौगिक का नाम भी लिखिए।

प्र०9.
5Ω, 10Ω तथा 15Ω के तीन प्रतिरोधक श्रेणी क्रम में एक 30 V वोल्ट की बैटरी के साथ वोल्टमीटर तथा एममीटर के साथ एक विद्युत परिपथ के साथ जुड़े हैं। इस परिपथ का चित्र बनाइए तथा परिपथ में से गुजरने वाली विद्युत धारा का मान ज्ञात करें। 10Ω प्रतिरोधक के दोनों सिरों के बीच विभवांतर भी ज्ञात करें।

प्र०10.
(a) मस्तिष्क के उन भागों के नाम लिखिए जो निम्नलिखित क्रियाओं को नियंत्रित करते हैं :
(i) ऐच्छिक क्रियाएँ
(ii) अनैच्छिक क्रियाएँ ।
(b) परिधीय तंत्रिका तंत्र को क्या महत्त्व है? इस तंत्रिका तंत्र के भागों के नाम लिखिए तथा यह कहाँ से शुरू होते हैं?

प्र०11.
कार्बन के यौगिकों की समजातीय श्रेणी को यह नाम क्यों दिया गया है? किसी समजातीय श्रेणी के दो क्रमागत सदस्यों के रासायनिक सूत्र लिखिए तथा इन यौगिकों के उन भागों का उल्लेख कीजिए जो इनके
(i) भौतिक गुणधर्म
(ii) रासायनिक गुणधर्म निर्धारित करते हैं।

प्र०12.
(i) वायरस, तथा
(ii) जीवाणु प्रत्येक द्वारा होने वाले दो-दो लैंगिक संचरित रोगों के नाम लिखिए। व्याख्या कीजिए कि इस प्रकार के रोगों के संचरण की रोकथाम कैसे की जाए?

प्र०13.
“किसी नवजात शिशु का लिंग मात्र संयोग है तथा जनकों (माता व पिता) में से किसी को भी इसके लिए उत्तरदायी नहीं माना जा सकता।” किसी नवजात शिशु के लिंग निर्धारण की प्रक्रिया को दर्शाने वाले प्रवाह आरेख की सहायता से इस कथन की पुष्टि कीजिए।

प्र०14.
(i) पश्च दृश्य दर्पणों, तथा
(ii) शेविंग दर्पणों में प्रयोग किए जाने वाले दर्पण के प्रकारों का उल्लेख कीजिए। प्रत्येक प्रकरण में अपने उत्तर की पुष्टि के लिए दो कारण दीजिए।
अथवा
6 सेमी ऊँचाई का कोई बिम्ब 5 सेमी फोकस दूरी के किसी अवतल लेंस के मुख्य अक्ष के लम्बवत् लेंस से 10 सेमी दूरी पर स्थित है। लेंस-सूत्र का उपयोग करके लेंस द्वारा बनने वाले प्रतिबिम्ब की स्थिति, साइज़ एवं प्रकृति निर्धारित कीजिए।

प्र०15.
सूर्योदय/सूर्यास्त तथा दोपहर के समय सूर्य के वर्ण में अन्तर होने का उल्लेख कीजिए। प्रत्येक के लिए व्याख्या कीजिए।

प्र०16.
(a) दो परमाणुओं A व B के बीच यौगिक बनने के लिए यदि ‘A’ परमाणु दो इलेक्ट्रॉन देता है तथा ‘B’ परमाणु एक इलेक्ट्रॉन प्राप्त करता है, तो :
(i) A व B के बीच किस प्रकार का आबंध बनाता है?
(ii) इस यौगिक का अणुसूत्र लिखिए।
(b) इसी प्रकार MgCl₂, अणु बनने की व्याख्या कीजिए।
(c) साधारण नमक अपनी तरल अवस्था में ही विद्युत धारा का प्रवाह करता हैं। क्यों?
(d) NaCl का गलनांक तापक्रम उच्च क्यों होता है?

प्र०17.
(a) दिए गए ग्राफ की सहायता से, चालक तार का प्रतिरोध ज्ञात कीजिए।
(b) 220 V तथा 5 A विद्युत धारा के परिपथ में 176 Ω प्रतिरोध वाले कितने प्रतिरोधक समांतर क्रम में लगाए जा सकते हैं?
(c) विद्युत शक्ति की परिभाषा लिखिए। विद्युत शक्ति, विभवांतर तथा विद्युत प्रतिरोध के बीच संबंध स्थापित कीजिए।

प्र०18.
मनुष्य के हृदय की अनुप्रस्थ काट का चित्र बनाकर, निम्नलिखित भाग नामांकित कीजिए।
(a) हृदय का वह भाग जो ऑक्सीकृत रक्त को पम्प करता है।
(b) वह रक्त वाहिनी, जो ऑक्सीकृत रक्त को, हृदय से अंगों में ले जाती है।
(c) वह रक्त वाहिनी, जो अनॉक्सीकृत रक्त को, शरीर के नीचे के भागों से हृदय में लाती है।

प्र०19.
(a) लैंगिक तथा अलैंगिक प्रकार के जनन में विभेदन करने वाले तीन लक्षणों (विशेषताओं) की सूची बनाइए।
(b) व्याख्या कीजिए कि लैंगिक जनन द्वारा उत्पन्न संतति में विभिन्नताएँ क्यों दिखाई देती हैं?
अथवा
(a) दिए गए चित्र में A, B तथा C को पहचानिए और इनके कार्य लिखिए।
(b) लैंगिक जनन करने वाले जीवों में युग्मक तथा युग्मनज की भूमिका का उल्लेख कीजिए।

प्र०20.
(a) प्रकाश के अपवर्तन के नियमों का उल्लेख कीजिए। किसी माध्यम के निरपेक्ष अपवर्तनांक तथा प्रकाश की निर्वात में गति के बीच संबंध को दर्शाने वाला व्यंजक लिखिए।
(b) वायु के सापेक्ष जल तथा काँच के अपवर्तनांक क्रमशः 4/3 तथा 3/2 हैं। यदि काँच में प्रकाश की चाल 2 x 10⁸ ms^-1 है, तो
(i) वायु,
(ii) जल में प्रकाश की गति ज्ञात कीजिए।

प्र०21.
आवर्त सारणी के तीसरे आवर्त के तत्त्व नीचे दिये गये हैं :

अब इनका उत्तर लिखिए :
(a) Na अथवा Mg में से किसका परमाणु बड़ा है तथा क्यों?
(b) इस आवर्त में सबसे अधिक क्रियाशील धातु व अधातु का नाम लिखिए।
(c) ‘S’ अथवा Cl में से कौन-सा अधिक क्रियाशील अधातु है?
(d) Al अथवा Cl में से किसका अधिक परमाणु द्रव्यमान है?

SECTION B

प्र०22.
जब जलीय सोडियम सल्फेट विलयन की जलीय बेरियम क्लोराइड विलयन के साथ अभिक्रिया होती है तो किस प्रकार का उत्पाद प्राप्त होता है? यह अभिक्रिया किस प्रकार की है? इसका संतुलित रासायनिक समीकरण भी लिखिए।

प्र०23.
जब दो प्रतिरोधक श्रेणी क्रम में जुड़े हैं तो उनका परिणामी प्रतिरोध ज्ञात करने के लिए प्रयोगशाला में विद्यार्थियों द्वारा ली जाने वाली किन्हीं चार सावधानियों का उल्लेख कीजिए।

प्र०24.
आमतौर पर स्लाईड बनाने के लिए पत्ती की निचली बाहरी त्वचा को ही झिल्ली के रूप में क्यों लिया जाता है?

प्र०25.
प्रकाश की एक आपतित किरण जब प्रिज्म से अपवर्तित होती है, तो वह प्रिज्म के आधार की तरफ क्यों मुड़ जाती है?

प्र०26.
दो प्रकार की विखण्डन विधियों के नाम लिखिए। प्रत्येक विधि से जनन करने वाले दो-दो जीवों के उदाहरण लिखिए।

प्र०27.
दिया गया पारदर्शी तरल एसिटिक अम्ल है या नहीं इसके लिए कौन से दो प्रयोग आप प्रयोगशाला में

Answers

उत्तर 1-
एक विद्युत धारा प्रवाहित तार को जब एक चुंबकीय क्षेत्र में रखा जाता है, तो उस समय दिशा के चालक तारे की विद्युत धारा की दिशा तथा चुंबकीय क्षेत्र के बीच 90° का कोण होता है।

उत्तर 2-
नाक में सूंघने की संवेदी ग्राही तथा जीभ पर चखने की संवेदी ग्राही उपस्थित होती है।

उत्तर 3-
जब बहुत अधिक संख्या में सोलर सेलों को परस्पर एक विशेष तरीके से जोड़ा जाता है तो उसे सौर पैनल कहते हैं। सोलर पैनल की सहायता से अधिक मात्रा में विद्युत ऊर्जा उत्पादित की जा सकती है।

उत्तर 4-
Fe₂O₃ (s) + 2Al (s) —-> 2Fe (l) + Al₂O₃ (s) + ऊष्मा
यह प्रतिस्थापन अभिक्रिया है तथा इसमें अधिक ऊष्मीय ऊर्जा उत्पादित होती है। इसलिए यह ऊष्माक्षेपी अभिक्रिया भी है। इसे थरमिट अभिक्रिया भी कहते हैं।

उत्तर 5-
(i) जिस जगह पर घरेलू कचरे का अपघटन होता है तो वे स्थान मक्खियों तथा मच्छरों के पनपने के स्थान बन जाते हैं। इससे संबंधित कुछ पोस्टर बनाकर उन्हें घरों की बाहरी दीवारों पर चिपका कर लोगों को समस्या के प्रति जागरूक किया जा सकता है।
(ii) प्रशासन को ऐसा कानून लागू करने चाहिए जिसके द्वारा नगरपालिकाएँ उन लोगों से जुर्माना वसूल कर सकती हैं जो अपने घरों का कचरा सड़क अथवा गलियों में फेंकते हैं।

उत्तर 6-
(i) धातु तांबा है। काले रंग का बना उत्पाद तांबे का ऑक्साइड है।
(ii)

उत्तर 7-

इसमें H₂S का ‘S’ में उपचयन हो रहा है, इसलिए यह अपचयन एजेंट है।
Cl₂ का ‘HCI’ में अपचयन हो रहा है, इसलिए यह उपचयन एजेंट (उपचायक) है।
(c) इस प्रक्रम को विकृतगंधिता कहते हैं।
बचाव के दो उपाय :
(i) तैलीय भोजन को वायुरोधी डिब्बों में बंद करके रखने पर।
(ii) तैलीय भोजन के पैकेट्स में निष्क्रिय नाइट्रोजन गैस प्रवाहित करने पर।
अथवा
(a) जल में अति घुलनशील क्षारों को ऐल्कली अथवा क्षार कहते हैं।
उदाहरण-NaOH तथा KOH
(b) मुंह का pH मान जब 5.5 से कम हो जाता है तो दांत की क्षति शुरू हो जाती है। भोजन के पश्चात् मुंह में बचे अथवा दांतों में फंसे भोजनकणों को जीवाणु अम्ल में परिवर्तित कर देते हैं। यह अम्ल दांतों को क्षति पहुँचाता है। दांत की क्षति को बचाने के लिए दांतों को टूथपेस्ट से नियमित रूप से साफ करना चाहिए। ये पेस्ट क्षारीय होते हैं, जो अम्ल के प्रभाव को उदासीन कर देते हैं।
(c) मधुमक्खी के काटने उसका डंक शरीर के उस भाग पर मेथेनोईक अम्ल छोड़ देता है, फलस्वरूप हमें जलन व पीड़ा महसूस होती है। परंतु उस जगह पर बेकिंग सोडा मलने पर जलन व पीड़ा समाप्त हो जाती है क्योंकि सोडा एक क्षारीय पदार्थ है, जो अम्ल को उदासीन कर उसके प्रभाव को समाप्त कर देता है।

उत्तर 8-
(a) केल्शियम की जल के साथ अभिक्रिया तेज नहीं है, इसलिए इस क्रिया में उत्पादित हाइड्रोजन गैस के अणु केल्शियम के अणुओं के साथ ही चिपक जाते हैं, जिसके कारण केल्शियम तैरने लगता है।
(b) अधिकतर धातु, HNO₃ (नाइट्रिक) अम्ल के साथ अभिक्रिया करके H₂ गैस नहीं बनाते हैं क्योंकि HNO₃ अम्ल एक तीव्र ऑक्सीकारक पदार्थ है, जो कि H₂ को H₂O में ऑक्सीकृत कर देता है तथा स्वयं N₂O, NO अथवा NO₂ में अपचयित हो जाता है।
(c)

हल 9-

विद्युत धारा, I = ?
V₂ = ?
कुल प्रतिरोध, R = R₁ + R₂ + R₃
= 5 + 10 + 15 = 30Ω
ओम के नियम द्वारा,

उत्तर 10-
(a) (i) ऐच्छिक क्रियाएँ-सभी ऐच्छिक क्रियाएँ पश्चमस्तिष्क (Cerebellum) भाग द्वारा नियंत्रित होती हैं।
(ii) अनैच्छिक क्रियाएँ-सभी अनैच्छिक क्रियाएँ मस्तिष्क के मज्जा (Medulla) द्वारा नियत्रित होती है।
(b) परिधीय तंत्रिका तंत्र शरीर के सभी भागों को केन्द्रीय तंत्रिका तंत्र से अपनी तंत्रिकाओं द्वारा जोड़ता है।
यह तंत्रिका तंत्र दो प्रकार की तंत्रिकाओं में बंटा हुआ है :
(i) कपाल तंत्रिकाएँ-इनके 12 जोड़े हैं, यह मस्तिष्क से शुरू होती हैं तथा शरीर के दूसरे भागों में – जा कर उनकी क्रियाओं को नियंत्रित करती हैं।
(ii) मेरु तंत्रिकाएँ-ये तंत्रिकाएँ मेरुरज्जु से शुरू होकर दूसरे अंगों में जाकर उनके कार्यों पर नियंत्रण करती हैं। विशेषता

उत्तर 11-
कार्बन के समजातीय यौगिकों के रासायनिक गुण एक-जैसे होते हैं तथा उनका क्रियात्मक समूह भी एक ही होता है, इसलिए इन यौगिकों को समजातीय श्रेणी का नाम दिया गया है।
दो क्रमागत सदस्य-CH₃OH, C₂H₅OH
(i) CH₃ तथा C₂H₅ एल्किल समूह हैं जो इनके भौतिक गुणधर्म निर्धारित करते हैं।
(ii) -OH इनका क्रियात्मक समूह है जो इनके रासायनिक गुणधर्मों को निर्धारित करता है।

उत्तर 12-
(i) वायरस द्वारा होने वाले दो लैंगिक संचरित रोग :
1. मस्सा
2. HIV-AIDS (एच०आई०वी०-एड्स)।
(ii) जीवाणु द्वारा होने वाले दो लैंगिक संचरित रोग :
1. गोनेरिया
2. सिफलिस।
निम्नलिखित तरीकों से लैंगिक संचरित रोगों की रोकथाम की जा सकती है :
1. कंडोम का प्रयोग करके;
2. रक्तदान करने वालों के रक्त की जांच करके;
3. लोगों को इन रोगों के प्रति शिक्षित करके तथा
4. टीके लगाने वाली सुई का केवल एक ही बार प्रयोग करके।

उत्तर 13-
प्रवाह आरेख-मानव नरे में एक विशिष्ट Y-गुणसूत्र तथा दूसरा X-गुणसूत्र होते हैं एवं मादा में दो X-गुणसूत्र होते हैं। मादा के सभी युग्मकों में समरूप गुणसूत्र होते हैं जबकि नर युग्मकों में आधे शुक्राणु X-गुणसूत्र एवं आधे Y-गुणसूत्र वहन करते हैं। जब X-गुणसूत्र वहन करने वाली शुक्राणु एक अंड के साथ निषेचित होता है। तब युग्मनज (XX-अवस्था) मादा में प्रवर्धित होता है और यदि Y-गुणसूत्र वहन करने वाला शुक्राणु अंड के साथ निषेचित होता है तो युग्मनज (XY-अवस्था) नर के रूप में प्रवर्धित होता है। अतः स्पष्ट है कि शिशु के लिंग के लिए पिता ही उत्तरदायी होता है जैसा कि दिए गए आरेख में दर्शाया गया है :

इस प्रवाह आरेख के आधार पर हमें कह सकते हैं कि ‘X’ गुणसूत्र वाला शुक्राणु अथवा ‘Y’ गुणसूत्र वाला शुक्राणु, मादा जनन कोशिका (अंडाणु) के साथ निषेचन करेगा। यह एक संयोग मात्र है।

उत्तर 14-
(i) पश्च दृश्य दर्पणों के लिए उत्तल दर्पण का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
दो कारण :
(a) यह वस्तु का सीधा प्रतिबिम्ब बनाता है।
(b) यह वस्तु को छोटा प्रतिबिम्ब बनाता है, इसलिए पीछे आने वाले वाहन साफ़ दिखाई देते हैं।
(ii) शेविंग के लिए अवतल दर्पण का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
दो कारण :
(a) पास लाने पर यह दर्पण वस्तु का सीधा व बड़ी प्रतिबिम्ब बनाता है।
(b) बड़े प्रतिबिम्ब बनने के कारण बाल साफ़ दिखाई देते हैं तथा शेव अधिक अच्छी बनती है।
अथवा
हल- बिम्ब की ऊँचाई, h₁ = 6 सेमी
अवतल लेंस की फोकस दूरी, f = -5 सेमी
बिम्ब की दूरी, u = -10 सेमी
प्रतिबिम्ब की स्थिति, v = ?
प्रतिबिम्ब का साइज़, h₂= ?
लेंस सूत्र के अनुसार,

प्रतिबिम्ब का साइज़, h₂ = 2 सेमी
प्रतिबिम्ब की प्रकृति : प्रतिबिम्ब सीधा बनेगा व बिम्बे से साइज में छोटा बनेगा।

उत्तर 15-
सूर्योदय अथवा सूर्यास्त के समय, सूर्य की किरणों को वायुमण्डल में अधिक दूरी तय करनी पड़ती है, जिसके कारण कम तरंगदैर्ध्य की नीले रंग की प्रकाश की किरणों का वायुमण्डल के कणों द्वारा प्रकीर्णन हो जाता है, जिससे लाल रंग की प्रकाश किरणें हमारी आँखों तक पहुँचती हैं और सूर्य का रंग (वर्ण) लाल दिखाई देता है। दोपहर के समय, सूर्य की प्रकाश किरणों को वायुमण्डल में कम दूरी तय करनी होती है, जिसके कारण नीले रंग की किरणों का पूरी तरह से प्रकीर्णन नहीं होता है, जिसके कारण सूर्य का वर्ण सफेद दिखाई देता है।

उत्तर 16-
(a) (i) A व B के बीच आयनिक आबंध है।
(ii) यौगिक का अणुसूत्र :

(c) साधारण नमक (NaCl) की तरल अवस्था में इसके आयन मुक्त अवस्था में हो जाते हैं। इसी कारण यह मुक्त आयन Na⁺ तथा Cl^–, विद्युत धारा का प्रवाह करते हैं।
(d) NaCl आयनिक यौगिक है, इसमें इसके Na⁺ तथा Cl^– आयन परस्पर अधिक वैद्युत आकर्षक बल द्वारा बंधे होते हैं, इस बल को तोड़ने के लिए अधिक मात्रा में ऊष्मीय ऊर्जा की आवश्यकता होती है। इसीलिए NaCl यौगिक का गलनांक उच्च होता है।

हल 17-
(a) ओम के नियम के अनुसार,
V = IR या R = \(\frac { V }{ I }\)

उत्तर 18-
(a) बायां निलय
(b) मुख्य धमनी
(c) निचले भाग की महाशिरा

उत्तर 19-
(a) लैंगिक तथा अलैंगिक जनने में विभेदन :

(b) लैंगिक जनन में, दो जनन कोशिकाओं को बनाने के लिए दो जीवों की कोशिकाओं में डी०एन०ए० प्रतिकृति बनाने की क्रिया होती है, जिसके कारण इस जनन से प्राप्त संतति में विभिन्नताएँ दिखाई देती हैं।
अथवा
(a) A- वर्तिकाग्र
B- पराग नली
C- मादा युग्मक
इनके कार्य :
वर्तिकाग्र : परागण क्रिया में नर परागकण सबसे पहले वर्तिकाग्र पर पहुँचते हैं।
पराग नली : यह नर युग्मक को निषेचन के लिए मादा युग्मक तक पहुँचाने का मार्ग है।
मादी युग्मक : यह नर युग्मक के साथ निषेचन क्रिया में मिलकर युग्मनज बनाती है। युग्मनज से तब शिशु पौधा विकसित होता है।
(b) (i) लैंगिक जनन में युग्मक, माता-पिता के गुणों को नई संतति में ले जाते हैं।
(ii) नर तथा मादा युग्मकों के निषेचन से युग्मनज बनता है। युग्मनज से ही फिर नई संतति उत्पन्न होती है।

उत्तर 20-

(a) प्रकाश के अपवर्तन के नियम :
(i) आपतित किरण, अपवर्तित किरण तथा दोनों माध्यमों को पृथक् करने वाले पृष्ठ के आपतन बिंदु पर अभिलम्ब एक ही तल में होते हैं।
(ii) प्रकाश के किसी निश्चित रंग तथा निश्चित माध्यमों के लिए आपतन कोण की ज्या (sine) तथा अपवर्तन कोण की ज्या (sine) का अनुपात स्थिर होता है। इस नियम को स्नेल का अपवर्तन का नियम भी कहते हैं।

उत्तर 21-
(a) Na परमाणु बड़ा है, क्योंकि आवर्त में बाएं से दाएं जाने पर परमाणु का आकार घटता जाता है।
(b) सबसे अधिक क्रियाशील धातु Na (सोडियम) है तथा सबसे अधिक क्रियाशील अधातु Cl है।
(c) Cl अधिक क्रियाशील अधातु है क्योंकि किसी आवर्त सारणी में बाएं से दाएं जाने पर अधातु की क्रियाशीलता बढ़ती जाती है।
(d) Cl का परमाणु द्रव्यमान अधिक है।

उत्तर 22-

• इस अभिक्रिया से बेरियम सल्फेट के सफेद अवक्षेप प्राप्त होते हैं।
• Na₂SO₄ (aq) + BaCl₂ (aq) — >BaSO₄ (s) + 2NaCl (aq)
• यह द्विविस्थापन अभिक्रिया है।

उत्तर 23-
(i) परिपथ में सभी बंध अच्छी तरह से बंधे हों।
(ii) जोड़ने वाली तारों के सिरों को खुरदरे पत्र से साफ कर लेना चाहिए।
(iii) कुंजी को तभी बंद करें जब V तथा A के मानों का पठन करना है।
(iv) एमीटर तथा वोल्टमीटर की शून्य गलतियों तथा उनके मानों की क्षमताओं को पहले से लिख लेना चाहिए।

उत्तर 24-
द्विबीजपत्री पौधों में पत्तियों की निचली बाहरी त्वचा पर स्टोमेटा छिद्र पाये जाते हैं। अतः झिल्ली को पत्ती की निचली बाहरी त्वचा से ही लिया जाता है। एकबीजपत्री पौधों में स्टोमेटा छिद्र दोनों तरफ की त्वचा पर पाये जाते हैं अतः उनमें झिल्ली किसी भी सतह से ली जा सकती है।

उत्तर 25-
आपतित किरण, जब प्रिज्म से गुज़रती है तो इसका दो बार अपवर्तन होता है। पहली बार प्रिज्म के भीतर जाने पर (विरले से सघन माध्यम की ओर अर्थात् वायु से काँच की ओर जाने पर) यह अभिलम्ब की तरफ मुड़ती है जिसके कारण यह प्रिज्म के आधार की तरफ मुड़ जाती है। दूसरी बार जब यह प्रिज्म से बाहर आती है (घने से विरले माध्यम की ओर अर्थात् काँच से वायु की ओर जाने पर) तो यह अभिलम्ब से दूर हटकर फिर प्रिज्म के आधार की तरफ मुड़ती है।

उत्तर 26-
विखण्डन जनन की दो विधियाँ :
(i) द्विखण्डन तथा
(ii) बहुखण्डन
उदाहरण :
(i) द्विखण्डन : अमीबा तथा पैरामिशियम
(ii) बहुखण्डन : मलेरिया परजीवी (प्लैज़मोडियम) तथा स्पाइरोगाइरा शैवाल।

उत्तर 27-
(i) दिये गये तरल की एक बूंद नीले लिटमस पत्र पर डालने पर यदि लिटमस पत्र लाल हो जाता है। तो यह तरल एक अम्ल है।
(ii) उस तरल को सूंघने पर यदि इसकी गंध सिरके जैसी है तो यह तरल एसिटिक अम्ल है।

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CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English Language and Literature Paper 6 are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English Language and Literature Paper 6.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English Language and Literature Paper 6

Board	CBSE
Class	10
Subject	English Language and Literature
Sample Paper Set	Paper 6
Category	CBSE Sample Papers

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 10 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme as prescribed by the CBSE is given here. Paper 6 of Solved CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English Language and Literature is given below with free PDF download Answers.

Time: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions

• The paper consists of 3 sections: A, B, C.
• Attempt all the questions.
• Don’t write anything on the question paper.
• Read each question carefully and follow the given instructions.
• All the answers must be correctly numbered and written in the answer sheet provided to you.
• Strictly adhere to the word limit given in the question paper. Marks will be deducted for exceeding the word limit.
• Ensure that questions of each section are answered together.

SECTION A
(Reading – 20 Marks)

Question 1.
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: (8)

1. Dolphins are highly intelligent marine mammals and are part of the family of toothed whales that include orcas and pilot whales. They are found worldwide, mostly in shallow seas of the continental shelves, and are carnivores, mostly eating fish and squid. Dolphin coloration varies, but they are generally grey in color with darker backs than the rest of their bodies. Dolphins consume a variety of prey including fish, squid, and crustaceans.

2. It is difficult to estimate the population of dolphins since there are many different species spanning larger geographic area. Like bats, dolphins use echolocation to navigate and hunt, bouncing high pitched sounds of objects, and listening to the echoes. Most species lie in shallow areas of tropical and temperature oceans throughout the world. Five species live in the world’s rivers.

3. Dolphins are well known for their agility and playful behavior, making them a favorite of wildlife watchers. Many species will leap out of the water, spy-hop (rise vertically out of the water to view their surrounding) and follow ships, often synchronizing their movements with one another. Scientists believe that dolphins conserve energy by swimming alongside ships, a practice is known as bow-riding.

4. Dolphins live in social groups of five to several hundred. They use echolocation to find prey and often hunt together by surrounding a school of fish, trapping them and taking turns swimming through the school and catching fish. Dolphins will also follow seabirds, other whales and fishing boats to feed opportunistically on the fish they scare up or discard. To prevent drowning while sleeping only half of the dolphin’s brain goes to sleep while the other half remains awake so they can continue to breathe.

5. Dolphins are sometimes hunted in places like Japan, in an activity known as dolphin drive hunting. Besides drive hunting, they face threats from bycatch, habitat loss, and marine pollution. Dolphins have been depicted in various cultures worldwide. Dolphins occasionally feature in literature and film, as in the film series Free Willy. Dolphins are sometimes kept in ’ captivity and trained to perform tricks, but breeding success has been poor and the animals often die within a few months of capture. The most common dolphins kept are killer whales and bottlenose dolphins.

1.1. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer any eight of the following questions in brief: (1 x 8 = 8)
(a) What do you mean by echolocation?
(b) Where are dolphins found?
(c) Why are dolphins favorite?
(d) Name two animals that use echolocation?
(e) How do dolphins hunt?
(f) What is drive hunting? What other threats do dolphins face?
(g) Name two types of dolphins given in the passage.
(h) How do dolphins conserve energy?
(i) Find the word in paragraph 5 which means the same as ‘represented’.

Question 2.
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: (12)
1. Breathing is important for two reasons. It is the only means to supply our bodies and its various organs with oxygen which is vital for our survival. The second function of breathing is that it is one means it get rid of waste products and toxins from the body.

2. Oxygen is the most vital nutrient for our bodies. It is essential for the integrity of the brain, nerves, glands and internal organs. We can do without food for weeks and without water for days, but without oxygen, we will die within a few minutes. If the brain does not get proper supply of this essential nutrient, it will result in the degradation of all vital organs in the body.

3. The brain requires more oxygen than any other organ. If it does not get enough, the result is mental sluggishness, negative thoughts, and depression and, eventually, vision and hearing decline. Old people and those whose arteries are clogged often become senile and vague because oxygen to the brain is reduced. They get irritated very quickly.

4. Poor oxygen supply affects all parts of the body. The oxygen supply is reduced to all parts of the body as we get older due to poor lifestyle. Many people need reading glasses and suffer the hearing decline in old age.

5. When an acute circulation blockage deprives the heart of oxygen, a heart attack is a result. If this occurs to the brain, the result is a stroke.

6. For a long time, the lack of oxygen has been considered a major cause of cancer. Even as far back as 1947, work done in Germany showed that when oxygen was withdrawn, normal body cells could turn into cancer cells.

7. Similar research has been done with the disease. It showed that lack of oxygen is a major cause of heart disease, stroke, and cancer. The work done at Baylor University in the USA has shown that you can reverse arterial disease in monkeys by infusing oxygen into the diseased arteries.

8. Thus, oxygen is very critical to our well-being, and any effort to increase the supply of oxygen to our body and especially the brain will pay rich dividends. Yogis realized the vital importance of an adequate oxygen supply thousands of year ago. They developed and perfected various breathing techniques. These breathing exercises are particularly important for people who have sedentary jobs and spend most of the day in offices. Their brains are oxygen starved and their bodies are just ‘getting by’. They feel tired, nervous and irritable and are not very productive. On top of that, they sleep badly at night, so they get a bad start to the next day continuing the cycle. This situation also lowers their immune system, making them susceptible to catching colds, flu and other ‘bugs’.

2.1. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer any four of the following questions in brief: (2 x 4 = 8)
(a) What is the significance of breathing?
(b) Why is oxygen important?
(c) What is the harmful effect of lack of oxygen?
(d) What yogis did, when they realized the importance of oxygen? For whom it is beneficial?
(e) What has been discovered at Baylor University in the USA?

2.2. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer any four of the following: (1 x 4 = 4)
(a) In paragraph 3, the word which means ‘lethargic’ is ………
(i) sluggish
(ii) boring
(iii) couch potato
(iv) grotesque

(b) ……….. is very important for our well-being.
(i) Air
(ii) Oxygen
(iii) Carbon
(iv) Iron

(c) We get oxygen through …………
(i) walking
(ii) cooking
(iii) breathing
(iv) reading

(d) In paragraph 7, ………. means inculcate.
(i) indulge
(ii) initiate
(in) execute
(iv) infuse

(e) Yogesh has developed the various breathing ……..
(i) Pipes
(ii) legs
(iii) techniques
(iv) power

SECTION B
(Writing & Grammar – 30 Marks)

Question 3.
Western Culture has completely mesmerized the younger generation. They do not respect their elders. Write an article on “Loss of Moral Values over Material Gains” in about 100-120 words. (8)
OR
You are Naveen/Meena, a resident of 34, Krishna Nagar, New Delhi. Last week, you came across an advertisement pertaining to Best Out of Waste Course and wish to join the same. Write a letter of inquiry to the Director, Pooja Hobby Classes, 412, Azad Nagar, Delhi enquiring about the details of the course.

Question 4.
Write a story in about 150-200 words with the clues given below. (10)
Hints: Pooja alone at home/grandfather ill/scaring night/different thought came in her mind/ heard a no i sc/surprised to see her pet dog.
OR
Develop a story with the help of the following opening line.
Once there lived a potter named Kabira in a village ……….

Question 5.
Fill in any four gaps by choosing the most appropriate words from the options given below. (1 x 4 = 4)
Dhyan Chand, the hockey wizard, was a soldier hailing (a) ………… a humble background. He said about (b) ………. moment when he learned of (c) ……….. selection for the New Zealand tour in 1926, ‘I ran like a hard to reach (d) ……… barracks and communicated the good news to my fellow soldiers. He was the elder brother (e) ………. another hockey player Roop Singh.
(a) (i) of (ii) from (iii) to (iv) at
(b) (i) their (ii) a (iii) the (iv) an
(c) (i) his (ii) him (iii) my (iv) it
(d) (i) him (ii) our (iii) I (iv) my
(e) (i) with (ii) of (iii) to (iv) between

Question 6.
The following passage has not been edited. There is one error in each line. Write the incorrect word and the correction against any four lines of the passage. (1 x 4 = 4)

Question 7.
Rearrange any four of the following groups of words and phrases to form meaningful sentences: (1 x 4 = 4)
(a) drugs / invented / one / man / of/useful / is / penicillin / most / the
(b) by / its / heal / we / help / bacteria / can / with / wounds / caused
(c) few / in / use / this / discovery / beginning / the wonder / and / very / people / of knew / its
(d) lives / soldiers / it / of / of / thousands / hundreds / saved / the / of
(e) body / the / Penicillins against / in / many / are / parts / useful / infections / of

SECTION C
(Literature : Textbook & Long Reading Text – 30 Marks)

Question 8.
Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow: (1 x 4 = 4)

“Peg!” she said, “Let me see your picture.”
“What’s is the matter?” asked Peggy, as they clattered up to her room where Wanda’s drawing was lying face down on the bed. Maddie carefully raised it.
“Look! she drew you. That’s you!” she exclaimed. And the head and face of this picture did look like Peggy.
“What did I say!” said Peggy, “She must have really liked us, anyway”.

(a) Who does ‘she’ refer to?
(b) Why did Maddie rush to Peggy’s house?
(c) Do you think Wanda hated Peggy and Maddie?
(d) How did the girls feel after they closely watched the painting?

OR

But he’s locked in a concrete cell
His strength behind bars,
Stalking the length of his cage
Ignoring visitors.

(a) What is the fate of the tiger?
(b) What is he doing inside the cage?
(c) What is the attitude of the tiger towards the visitors?
(d) What is the mood of the tiger?

Question 9.
Answer any four of the following questions in 30-40 words each: (2 x 4 = 8)
(a) Why did the pilot decide to fly through the clouds?
(b) What was Lencho expecting from God? What did he receive? Why?
(c) Why did the landlord want to eject Griffin? Why did Griffin set the house on fire?
(d) What did Hari Singh say about the different reactions of people when they are robbed?
(e) What is the point of controversy between Natalya and Lomov? What argument does Lomov put to prove his point?

Question 10.
Answer any one of the following questions in about 100-120 words: (8)

Parents of the young seagull supported him to fly and search for his food by himself. Write a paragraph on ‘Parenting’ on the basis of reading the story.
OR
There can be no trust among thieves. The story ‘A question of trust’ is ironical, sarcastic on the lives of thieves. On the basis of a reading of the story write a paragraph on “Trustworthiness”.

Question 11.
Answer any one of the following questions in about 200-250 words: (10)

What according to Anne was the remedy for fear, loneliness, and unhappiness?
OR
Give a brief character sketch of Otto Frank.
OR
Why did Helen dislike the concept of examinations?
OR
Give a brief character sketch of Helen Keller.

Answers

Answer 1.
(a) Echolocation is bouncing high pitched sounds of objects and listening to the echoes.
(b) Dolphins are found worldwide, mostly in shallow seas of the continental shelves.
(c) Dolphins are favorite because of their agility and playful behavior.
(d) Bats and Dolphins.
(e) Dolphins use echolocation to find prey and often hunt together by surrounding a school of fish, trapping them and taking turns swimming through. The school and catching fish.
(f) Dolphins are hunted in places like Japan, in an activity known as dolphin drive hunting. Besides drive hunting, they also face threats from bycatch, habitat loss, and marine pollution.
(g) Killer whales and bottlenose.
(h) Dolphins conserve energy by swimming alongside ships—a practice known as bow-riding.
(i) ‘Depicted’

Answer 2.
2.1. (a) Breathing is important as it is the only means to supply our bodies and its various organs with oxygen which is important for our survival and also it is the means to get rid of waste products and toxins from the body.
(b) Oxygen is important because it is essential for the integrity of the brain, nerves, glands and other internal organs.
(c) Poor oxygen supply affects all parts of our body. When an acute circulation blockage deprives the heart of oxygen, a heart attack is a result. If this occurs to the brain, the result is a stroke.
(d) Yogis developed and perfected various breathing techniques. These techniques are important for the people who have sedentary jobs and who spend most of the time in offices.
(e) The work done at Baylor University in the USA has shown that we can reverse arterial disease in monkeys by infusing oxygen into the diseased arteries.

2.2. (a) (i) sluggish
(b) (ii) Oxygen
(c) (iii) breathing
(d) (iv) infuse
(e) (iii) techniques

Answer 3.

Loss of Moral Values over Material Gains

Man’s incessant greed and lust for money have been the prime cause for the loss of moral values. Never content with what he has, he forever strives to amass money and material goods by any means. Nowadays people are primarily interested in the acquisition of money and status. The present-day world is highly materialistic and the ever increasing greed for money and matter at the cost of material has engulfed the society as a whole. There are very few who can claim that materialism has not affected him in any way. We are not complacent with the fulfillment of our basic needs but we want to acquire more and more by hook or by crook even if we have to jeopardize moral and ethical values. The mania of this excess money has squeezed humanistic approaches and has made us misanthropes, stoic, and egoistic in our efforts to fulfill this mania.

OR

34, Krishna Nagar
New Delhi
10th July, 20xx
The Director
Pooja Hobby Classes
412, Azad Nagar
Delhi

Sub: Inquiry about Best Out of Waste Course

Dear Sir,
In response to your advertisement published in the Hindustan Times dated 7th May, 20xx, I wish to state that I am a student of class X and have appeared for the Secondary School Examination. I want to pursue a short-term Best Out of Waste Course during the summer break as I have two month’s time at my disposal.
Kindly provide me with the following details:

• Duration of the course
• Faculty
• Transportation facility, if available
• Discount for school students, if any
• Fee structure and mode of payment
• Class duration
• Material provided
• Certificate or Diploma course
• Timings.

It shall be highly appreciated if the details are provided to me at the earliest.

Thanking you
Yours faithfully
Naveen

Answer 4.
It was the first time that Pooja was alone at home. Her parents would never leave her alone ever for a few hours. But one day there had been an emergency. Her grandfather had suddenly fallen ill and because of her school, Pooja’s mother had been very worried about Pooja as she had never left her alone. But Pooja assured her that she would be fine. Anyway, it was just for a day and night, as in the morning her aunt would reach home from Pune. Pooja spent the afternoon and evening playing on the computer and then finishing her homework. But with nightfall, all her coinage seemed to be disappearing. She first thought she would sleep with the light on but when she could not, she switched off. Pooja started getting frightened while tossing and turning on the bed. When she looked towards the window, her mind started conjuring up all sorts of shapes in the darkness. She told herself it was just a tree outside and nothing else but yet she was scared. Suddenly she heard a noise in the hall. Pooja was alarmed and thought of going and seeing from where the noise had come, but she could not get up from the bed. Finally, she got up and quickly switched on the light. She went into the hall and to her amusement and dismay, it was only her pet dog Jackie playing in the hall.

OR

Once there lived a potter named Kabira in a village. He was planning and making arrangements for his son’s wedding, for which he planned to have a grand procession on the night of the wedding.
He wished to take his son and the bride on an elephant’s back around the village in a procession. Only one man named Sohanlal in the village had an elephant. Kabira asked him for borrowing his elephant. Sohanlal agreed. On the day of the wedding, the bride and the bridegroom went riding on the elephant. After the procession, when Kabira was taking the elephant back to Sohanlal’s house, the elephant suddenly fell down and died. Kabira was shocked and very sad. He rushed to Sohanlal and reported about the same. Kabira said that he would give the price of the elephant or another elephant. Mohanlal said that he only wanted his own elephant. The case was taken to a court where the judge also ordered Sohanlal to either accept the money or another elephant but he didn’t agree. The judge asked them to come the next morning. Then he called Kabira and said, “Don’t come to the court in the morning and stay in your house, keep your pots near the door and close it. I will ask Sohanlal to come to your house to call you. He will open the door in a hurry and all the pots will be broken.” The same thing happened. Now, Sohanlal said, “I will give you money or I will buy you new pots. At this Kabira disagreed. Sohanlal realized his mistake and went away without getting anything.

Answer 5.
(a) (ii) from
(b) (iii) the
(c) (i) his
(d) (iv) my
(e) (ii) of

Answer 6.
Incorrect       Correction
(a) her               his
(b) at                in
(c) and             but
(d) on               in
(e) at                in

Answer 7.
(a) Penicillin is one of the most useful drugs man invented.
(b) We can heal wounds caused by bacteria with its help.
(c) In the beginning, very few people know of this wonderful discovery and its use.
(d) It saved the lives of hundreds of thousands of soldiers.
(e) Penicillins are useful against infections in many parts of the body.

Answer 8.
(a) ‘She’ refers to Maddie who came running to Peggy’s house.
(b) Maddie came rushing to Peggy’s house to tell her that Wanda had drawn them in the picture.
(c) No, Wanda did not hate Peggy and Maddie. She had drawn them in the sketches of the dress.
(d) They felt very excited and happy. They were very pleased with the fact that Wanda did not have anything against them.
OR
(a) The fate of the tiger is that he is locked inside the concrete cell.
(b) He is pacing up and down inside the cage.
(c) The tiger ignores the visitors.
(d) The tiger is very sad.

Answer 9.
(a) The pilot decided to fly through the clouds because he wanted to reach England desperately and also he could not fly up and over the huge clouds in his old Dakota.
(b) Lencho expected God to send him the hundred pesos he asked for. However, he received only seventy pesos which had been collected by the Postmaster through a contribution made by the post office employees.
(c) Though Griffin was a brilliant scientist, the landlord wanted to eject him from his house because of his whimsical activities. Griffin set the house on fire to take his revenge on the landlord.
(d) Hari Singh said that when robbed, the greedy man showed fear; the rich showed anger; the poor showed acceptance while a careless man would not even notice. But a man like Anil would be sad when discovered that he was stolen; not because of his loss of money but because of loss of trust.
(e) The point of controversy between Natalya and Lomov is about the ownership of the Oxen Meadows. Lomov argues that his aunt’s grandmother had given the free use of the Meadows to the peasants of Natalya’s father’s grandfather for forty years. In return, the peasants were to make bricks for her. But the peasants thought that they were owners of the land.

Answer 10.

Parenting

Parents should love their children unconditionally. A parent is someone who cuddles their children when they are going right in their lives because parents everywhere can say that if we as parents trust ourselves enough to trust our children, it will make parenthood easier. Parents know what their child’s requirements are and they train them to become independent in life. There is no need to teach anyone how to be a good parent. Even an illiterate mother knows how to take care of her children. But in today’s competitive world, raising a child is a very important task because it’s not always easy, it’s even harder if we do not have the consistent help if we are a single parent. Every good parent does not read parenting books, goes to parenting classes or had examples to learn more. In today’s world, it is better if the young adults are trained how to become better parents. This can help them to bring up their children by providing them with better nutrient food and care.

OR

Trustworthiness

Trust is one of the most important aspects of the relationship. Medicine cures the physical ailment of a person but trust and care help a person recover mentally. A trustworthy person will be dependable and honest with you. They will not lie, steal, cheat, lose devotion in something or turn their back on you over trivial matters. Integrity, honesty, reliability, and loyalty are easy ways to describe trustworthiness. Integrity is believing in yourself and standing up for what you believe in. Life will be difficult if there is no trust between husband and wife, parents and children, friends and neighbors, etc. When trust is lost it is irreparable. If trust is lost life may go on but the broken edge will always be visible. A trustworthy person is a valuable and reliable person.

Answer 11.
According to Anne the best remedy for those who are afraid, lonely or unhappy is to go outside, somewhere where they can be quite alone with nature heavens and God. It is all this time only that one feels that all is as it should be and that God wishes to see people happy, amides nature’s simple beauty. As long as the sun shines, the cloudless skies exist, one cannot be unhappy. There will always be comfort and solace for every sorrow, whatever circumstances may be as one looks out of an open window, overall the roofs and on to the horizon. Anne firmly believes that nature brings solace in all troubles. She also feels that it would be long before she will be able to share this overwhelming feeling of blessing with someone who feels the way she does about it. Anne prefers to think about the beauty that exists in the world. Anne’s advice is to go outside, to the fields, enjoy nature and the sunshine, go out and try to recapture happiness in one’s self and in God. And to think of all the beauty that is still left in and around yourself and be happy. Anne’s diary is an amazing proof of a sensitive courageous girl. Her true spirit always appeared in every crisis. At every step, she pulled herself up and never gave up her goals, her ambition to live and be known as water.
OR
Otto Frank, Anne’s father, is the manager of a food company. He shares a close bond with Anne. His birthday present to Anne, the diary, is her favorite. Otto Frank is a caring, resourceful and wise man. When the Van Daan family arrives to stay in the Secret Annexe with them, Otto Frank serves as the peacemaker of the group. “Pouring oil on troubled water.” He keeps Anne, Margot and Peter engaged in studying, reading and making family trees. He is generous kind and level-headed unlike the other adults in the Secret Annexe who are harsh and stingy. Anne continually tries to impress her father, live up to his expectations and obey his wishes. Otto Frank has a strong character and is clearly the head of the Frank household. When Amsterdam began to be bombed, Anne always rushed to her father for comfort. He wrote a beautiful poem for her on her 14th birthday. Anne adored her father. In all, Anne’s father was perfect in her eyes, modest, loving, a peacemaker who wanted the best for his daughters. He also brought books on Greek and French for her and gave her lessons.
OR
Helen refers to examinations as the most annoying of her college life. Although she faced them many times and even cast them down yet they surfaced time and again. Helen feels that the days before these ordeals take place are spent in cramming one’s mind with mystic formulae and indigestible dates until one wishes that books and science were buried in the depths of the sea. And finally when the dreaded hour arrives the facts that one has garnered with so much of infinite trouble invariably fail one at the things one knows which are not there in an examination paper. When the proctor informs one that the time is up, it is with a feeling of intense disgust the one scribbles some rubbish in the paper and finally goes home. Helen had a tough time in overcoming these problems. Mr. Keeth had worked very hard and trained Helen to solve most of the problems mentally but the mode of examination upset all that. Nevertheless, Helen’s positive and die-hard approach made her win all the situations and rise above all the obstacles. Examinations killed the creativity and beauty of great books and one only tried to remember basic facts for exams so the appreciation of great work literature is lost.
OR
Helen Keller is the main character of the novel ‘The Story of My Life’. Despite being blind and deaf she shows hardly any dislike for her state. She is a sensitive girl who is extremely close to her family, especially her mother. She is always relating what she does with them all the things that they do for her. Helen Keller’s remarkable trait is that she is always trying to improve herself and likes to find new ways to express herself and communicate with others. Helen is a determined and strong girl who through her life demonstrates that obstacles, whether they are physical or social can be overcome. She is a heroic figure who overcomes extreme hardships to accomplish the most impressive goals. Helen has become a role model for many generations to come. She has become an icon of perseverance respected alike by readers, historians, and activists. Helen is regarded as a heroic figure who underwent extreme hardship to accomplish goals, both personal and public. Her book “The Story of My Life” became a symbol of hope and positively for generations.

We hope the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English Language and Literature Paper 6 help you. If you have any query regarding CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English Language and Literature Paper 6, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English Language and Literature Paper 5 are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English Language and Literature Paper 5.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English Language and Literature Paper 5

Board	CBSE
Class	10
Subject	English Language and Literature
Sample Paper Set	Paper 5
Category	CBSE Sample Papers

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 10 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme, as prescribed by the CBSE, is given here. Paper 5 of Solved CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English Language and Literature is given below with free PDF download Answers.

Time: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions

• The paper consists of 3 sections: A, B, C.
• Attempt all the questions.
• Don’t write anything on the question paper.
• Read each question carefully andfollow the given instructions.
• All the answers must be correctly numbered and written in the answer sheet provided to you.
• Strictly adhere to the word limit given in the question paper. Marks will be deducted for exceeding the word limit.
• Ensurethat questions of each section are answered together.

SECTION A
(Reading – 20 Marks)

Question 1.
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: (8)

1. So often these days we hear and speak of the conquest of Nature, ‘the taming of a river,’ ‘the war against insects,’ and so on. These phrases are often used without consciously attaching any value of them, but they have an underlying attitude of hostility towards Nature and Nature’s creatures, a viewpoint which seems to assume Nature as an enemy that needs to be vanquished. Alternatively, Nature is seen merely as a ‘resource’ to be ‘exploited’ – take the maximum out of it, regardless of what this does to the natural processes and to other creatures which depend on these processes. It is this attitude which views fellow human beings as a resource to be exploited, or other human communities as enemies to be conquered.

2. There is a growing lack of sensitivity and respect of our fellow creatures. This attitude is being drilled into a child by social forces, which can only be countered by environmental education. Yet, sadly, in most cases, this is not done. What is done is to talk about the food web and the energy cycles and ecological balance and how the removal of any elements disrupts the whole system, and how this can affect human beings too. What this approach lacks is the essential interaction with Nature and with other human beings. Indeed, in many environmental activities, the opposite takes place. A classic example of this is the making of a herbarium, or even worse, an insect collection, as common in both formal and non-formal education in India. A child is often encouraged to pluck leaves and flowers and run after butterflies with a net and is part of a large group of children similarly marauding a patch of nature. It is even worse when the activity is also competitive, that is, who collects the maximum. A lot of knowledge may be gained, but this knowledge emphasizes exploitation and conquest, not sensitivity and respect. Learning under a tree rather than in a classroom is far more effective and long lasting.

3. The alternative is to take up activities where ecological balance, ecological diversity, animal behavior, human plurality, and other such concepts and systems are introduced with the stress on their intrinsic worth. Materials, processes and living beings do not exist only for human use-they are worthwhile in themselves.

1.1. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer any eight of the following questions in brief: (1 x 8 = 8)
(a) What does man’s attitude towards nature show?
(b) What is nature regarded as?
(c) How can environmental education be helpful?
(d) Which of these-leaming under a tree or in a classroom is more effective?
(e) What is man required to realize?
(f) Which type of knowledge emphasizes exploitation and conquest?
(g) What does ecological balance mean?
(h) How does a hostile attitude treat nature?
(i) Find the word in paragraph 2 which means the same as ‘communication’.

Question 2.
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: (12)

1. Do children really need such long summer breaks, was a question posed by some experts recently? Apparently, such a long break disrupts their development and comes in the way of their learning process. Let’s get the takes back to their books, is perhaps the expert view, if not in so many words. One would have thought the children are doing too much during their vacations and not too little, given the plethora, of course, classes, camps and a workshop involving swimming, art, personality development, music, computers and the like that seem to cram their calendar. Even the trips taken in the name of holidays seem laden with exotic destinations and customized experience packed into a short period of time. We can do Europe in 10 days and Australia in a week and come back armed with digital memories and overflowing suitcase. Holidays are in some ways, no longer a break but an intensified search for experience not normally encountered in everyday life.

2. It is a far cry from summer holidays on experienced growing up. For holidays every year meant one thing and one thing alone- you went back to your native place, logging in with emotional headquarters of your extended family and spent two months with a gaggle of uncles, aunts and first and second cousins. The happiest memories of the childhood of a whole generation seem to be centered around this annual ritual of homecoming and of affirmation. We tendered tacit apologies for the separateness entailed in being individuals even as we scurried back into the cauldron of community and continuity represented by family. Summer vacation was a time sticky with oneness, as who we were and what we owned oozed out from our individual selves into a collective pot.

3. Summer was not really a break, but a joint. It was the bridge used to re-affirm one’s connectedness with one’s larger community. One did not travel, one returned. It was not an attempt to experience the new and the extraordinary but one that emphatically underlined the power of the old and the ordinary. As times change, what we seek from our summer breaks too has changed in fundamental ways. Today we are attached much more to the work and summer helps us temporarily detach from this new source of identity. We refuel our individual selves now, and do so with much more material than we did in the past. But for those who grew up in different times, summer was the best time for their lives. (Source: The Times of India)

2.1. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer any four of the following questions in brief: (2 x 4 = 8)
(a) Why do experts question about the summer breaks given to children?
(b) How are students kept busy during summer breaks?
(c) What is the central point of the writers happiest memories of childhood?
(d) What goal do the present summer breaks want to achieve?
(e) How was summer a joint?

2.2. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer any four of the following: (1 x 4 = 4)
(a) In paragraph 1, …………. means ‘excessive’.
(i) plethora
(ii) plenty
(iii) varied
(iv) bizarre

(b) Holidays are actually ………… search for experience.
(i) expended
(ii) long
(iii) short
(iv) intensified

(c) ………… was sticky with oneness.
(i) Winter
(ii) Summer
(iii) Rainy
(iv) Spring

(d) These days evervbody is attached to ………..
(i) work
(ii) name
(iii) fame
(iv) songs

(e) In paragraph 3, the antonym of permanently is …………
(i) good
(ii) excellent
(iii) temporarily
(iv) identify

SECTION B
(Writing & Grammar – 30 Marks)

Question 3.
Language is an important aspect of life. To express or communicate with each other we must know the language. Nowadays, English has become a global language. Write an article on the “Importance of English Language” in about 100-120 words.
OR
Your music academy is planning to organise musical shows next month on the occasion of Janmashtmi. You are Mitanshi/Pranay, the band leader of Sargam Music Academy, 55, Dwarka, Ahmedabad. You require some musical instruments for the smooth running of the events. Write a letter to the Store Manager, M/s. Sangeet Instruments, Daya Nagar, Ahmedabad placing an order for the specific instruments required by you.

Question 4.
Write a story in about 150-200 words on the basis of the startup lines given below. (10)
Once upon a time, there was a crocodile and he was a friend of the monkey who lived on the tree ……
OR
Develop a story with the help of opening line.
Once upon a time, there lived a king. Jai Singh …….

Question 5.
Fill in any four gaps by choosing the most appropriate words from the options given below. (1 x 4 = 4)
The king of Benares was anxious to marry. Many kings came (a) ………… different comers of the country (b) ……….. offer him their daughters. But he did not choose any of them. He sat (c) …………. the window and looked out (d) ………… the marketplaces. The bazaar (e) ………… busy and colourful.
(a) (i) to (ii) from (iii) where (iv) of
(b) (i) from (ii) to (iii) one (iv) by
(c) (i) by (ii) of (iii) to (iv) on
(d) (i) on (ii) of (iii) for (iv) to
(e) (i) was (ii) were (iii) is (iv) has

Question 6.
The following passage has not been edited. There is one error in each line. Write the incorrect word and the correction against any four lines of the passage.

Question 7.
Rearrange any four of the following groups of words and phrases to form meaningful sentences: (1 x 4 = 4)
(a) the temple / architecture / form an / sculpture and painting / of / essential part
(b) is / situated in / Konark Temple / north-eastem part of Puri / the
(c) of a chariot / the temple / in the form / is
(d) Narasimhadeva / the / king / by / is / that / it / was / believed / temple / built
(e) Konark / Arka / is / also / Khetra / known / as

SECTION C
(Literature : Textbook & Long Reading Text – 30 Marks)

Question 8.
Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow: (1 x 4 = 4)

Some say the world will end in fire
Some say in ice
From what I’ve tasted of desire
I hold with those who favour fire

(a) Name the poem and the poet.
(b) Which are the two different views about the inevitable ‘end’ of the world?
(c) What does ‘Fire’ stand for?
(d) What according to the poet will end the world?
OR
How much hay have you stacked? Just think, I felt greedy and had a whole field cut and now I’m not at all pleased about it because I’m afraid my hay may rot. I ought to have waited a bit.
But what’s this? Why, you’re in evening dress! well, I never! Are you going to a ball or what?
Though I must say you look better….. tell me why you are got up like that.
(a) Who is the speaker?
(b) For whom are these words spoken?
(c) What did the speaker do?
(d) Why was the speaker afraid?

Question 9.
Answer any four of the following questions in 30-40 words each: (2 x 4 = 8)
(a) What did Lencho compare the raindrops to? Why?
(b) The pilot was lost in the storm. Who rescued him and how?
(c) Why did Anil not hand over the thief to the police?
(d) Why did Max Jump out of the window of Ausable’s room? Why did he scream loudly?
(e) What is the next thought of the poet about the tiger?

Question 10.
Answer any one of the following questions in about 100-120 words: (8)

In ‘The Ball Poem’, the boy loses his ball, however, one can get new but you can’t bring back the emotions attached to it. Explain.
OR
Tricki became the very active and hard muscled animal. This was because of the regular exercise he got. Write a paragraph on physical exercise and its advantages.

Question 11.
Answer any one of the following questions in about 200-250 words: (10)

Write a character sketch of Peter.
OR
How does the diary depict the feelings of an adolescent and mirror the thoughts of today’s youth?
OR
How did Mr. and Mrs. Hutton prove to be Helen Keller’s tmsted friends?
OR
What was Dr. Graham Bell’s contribution in Helen Keller’s life? How did he prove to be a lifelong friend to Helen?

Answers

Answer 1.
(a) Man’s attitude towards nature shows his concern.
(b) Nature is regarded as a resource to be exploited by man.
(c) Environmental education can change the attitude of our children towards nature.
(d) Learning under a tree is more effective.
(e) Man is required to realise that he has not been sent into the ward to tame nature.
(f) Competitive attitude while learning emphasises exploitation and conquest.
(g) Ecological balance means maintaining an equilibrium in nature.
(h) Hostile attitude treats nature as an enemy which needs to be vanquished.
(i) Interaction.

Answer 2.
2.1. (a) Because they disrupt their development and come in the way of their learning process.
(b) They are given the plethora of courses, classes or camps and workshops. These works involve swimming, art, personality development, music and computers.
(c) The writers happiest memories mainly hings on annual ritual of homecoming and of affirmation.
(d) The present summer breaks want to detach students from a new source of identity
(e) It was an attempt to underline the power of the old and ordinary.

2.2. (a) (i) plethora
(b) (iv) intensified
(c) (ii) Summer
(d) (i) work
(e) (iii) temporarily.

Answer 3.

Importance of English Language

Today the English language is widely spoken in all parts of the world. English has actually become a global language. In India, English is serving as a bridge language and bringing people closer. Everywhere the institutes or schools, that are teaching the English language, are attracting a big crowd. There are courses for various age groups and with different suitable time slots.
People of all age groups are busy in learning English for their placement in business and other kinds of work in life. Actually, there is a kind of rat race. People are spending a lot of money to acquire proficiency in spoken English. People rate English speaking people as comparatively more educated and civilised. Actually, language is our primary source of communication. It is the method through which we share our ideas and thoughts with others.
OR

Sargam Music Academy
55, Dwarka
Ahmedabad
12th August, 20xx
The Store Manager
M/s. Sangeet Instruments
Daya Nagar
Ahmedabad

Sub: Order for musical instruments

Sir,
Our music academy is going to organise musical shows on the occasion of Janmashtami next month. You are one of the biggest wholesale suppliers of handmade musical instruments in Ahmedabad and offer the most competitive prices and prompt services. I wish to place an order for some musical instruments for the smooth running of the events. The order is as follows-

Sl. No.	Instruments	Brand	Quantity
1.	Sitar	Roland	4
2.	Harmonium	Tanglewood	8
3.	Flute	Ibanez	3
4.	Congo	Novation	4
5.	Bongo	Yamaha	6
6.	Tabla	Squire	7

All the instruments should be bubble-wrapped properly. We expect 15% discount as admissible to all music academics. In case of any damage in transit, it would be at your cost. Payment would be made by cheque once the order is received. It will be highly appreciated if you deliver the items within a week or two.

Thanking you
Yours faithfully
Mitanshi.

Answer 4.
Once upon a time, there was a crocodile and he was a friend of a monkey who lived on the tree near the river. They used to spend their free time in gossips. The crocodile used to tell him about the water animals. Most of the time he talked about his family. The monkey was also very talkative. Whenever crocodile visited the monkey he used to bring some gifts for him and the monkey also used to give him sweet fresh fruits from the tree on which he lived. They were very happy. One day it was stormy weather. Both of them were busy in their gossips. They did not know that such weather can be dangerous. The branch on which the monkey was sitting was very weak. He did not realise the danger. All of a sudden the branch broke down and the monkey fell into the river. He did not know how to swim. He was about to drown when the crocodile noticed the danger. The crocodile at once ran towards him and took him on his back to the shore and monkey returned home to his tree safely.
OR
Once upon a time, there lived a king called Jai Singh who was famous for his wisdom and generosity. He was also known for justice. One day two women, Janki and Seema, came to the palace as they had heard about Jai Singh’s wisdom. Both were arguing about a child that Seema was carrying. Janki claimed that it was her child whereas Seema claimed that it was hers. King Jai Singh kept on watching for a while. Jai Singh ordered them to stop arguing and keep quiet. Jai Singh thought for a few minutes and observed both the women. After some time the king ordered the minister to get that child cut into two pieces and then each woman will have one piece. On listening to this, Janki started crying. Tearful Janki refused for such decision, instead, she requested the king to hand over the child to Seema. Jai Singh ordered that the child should be given to Janki as a true mother would never let her child be killed.

Answer 5.
(a) (ii) from
(b) (ii) to
(c) (i) by
(d) (i) on
(e) (i) was

Answer 6.
Incorrect       Correct
(a) a                 the
(b) his              its
(c) is                are
(d) in                of
(e) in                of

Answer 7.
(a) Sculpture and painting form an integral part of the temple architecture.
(b) Konark Temple is situated in the northeastern part of Puri.
(c) The temple is in the form of a chariot.
(d) It is believed that the temple was built by king Narasimhadeva.
(e) Konark is also known as Arka Khetra.

Answer 8.
(a) The above extract is the part of the poem ‘Fire and Ice’ written by Robert Frost.
(b) Fire and ice are two different views.
(c) ‘Fire’ stands for ‘desire’.
(d) According to the poet, the man’s greed or lust for possession will end the world.
OR
(a) The speaker is Natalya Stepanovna.
(b) These words are spoken for Ivan Lomov.
(c) The speaker had a whole field of meadows cut.
(d) The speaker was afraid lest her hay should rot.

Answer 9.
(a) Lencho compared the raindrops to new coins. He called the big drops ‘ten cent pieces’ and the smaller ones as ‘five cent pieces’. His field needed rain badly. The raindrops increased his hopes of a good harvest. That is why, he called them so.
(b) The pilot of the black aeroplane, asked the lost pilot to follow him. The black aeroplane was flying in front of him, cutting the clouds and showing him the way. Then he flew down and disappeared. Following him, the pilot came out of the clouds.
(c) Anil knew everything but he did not hand over the thief to the police because he knew that Hari Singh had returned to him to become a better human being. He wanted to give him another chance to improve. Moreover, he thought Hari’s return was the proof of his improvement.
(d) Max was frightened of police. Besides he was convinced about the balcony outside the window. So to escape from the person, he jumped out of the window as there was no balcony there, he fell down suddenly to the ground. That’s why he screamed loudly.
(e) The next thought of the poet is that the tiger should be in the open forest because the forest is his natural habitat. There he would lurk in the shadow to hunt a deer.

Answer 10.
Loss is an essential part of our life. We lose our very precious possessions – especially those precious gifts we received from our old friends or some of the valuable birthday gifts given by our parents. Some of these possessions may not be very expensive but a lot of memories are attached to them. A loss of a single paisa pierces us very much. Money is earned only after hard labour. We must understand its worth. It is no use to waste money over nothing. The poet desires that the boy should understand the nature of the loss. Hence when we lose any of those possessions we become very sad. One important lession we all need to learn is the fact that nothing is permanent in life. All things are subjected to loss, damage and decay. Hence we need to know how to cope with our losses. What is more important than all possessions is the fact that our life has to go on. This understanding will help us to cope with our loss in a better way.
OR
Physical exercise has become important these days. It has a great medicinal value in our life. It keeps our body fit and free from various ailments. Exercise can help prevent excess weight. It also helps in losing weight. When we go for physical exercise we bum calories. We can go for a regular walk that would bum the calories to a great extent. We can do exercise in the form of doing all our household chores, by using the stairs instead of the elevator and walking short distances. Regular physical activity can help us prevent or manage a wide range of health problem. Physical exercise has a lot of advantages. It also builds our stamina and our muscles become strong. We do not need to set aside large chunks of time for exercise.

Answer 11.
Peter Van Daan was almost sixteen when he arrived in the Annexe. He is shy and awkward and unable to express himself. He cannot assert himself. Whenever he is snubbed, he hides himself in his room. He does nothing to improve his nature because he finds it easier not to make any effort. He gets easily influenced by others. Peter is lazy and has a weak character. He is hardly a person worth Anne’s notice. Anne needs a friend and when she finds him looking at her with longing, she starts having a soft comer for him. She finds him desperately in need of affection. Peter is simple minded. He talks about sexuality so nonchalantly that she quickly gets over her embarrassment. He thinks that he is stupid and all others very smart. Peter is a weak character and does not develop much in the two years he spent in the Annexe.
OR
The diary shows the gradual growth of Anne during her two years spent in the Annexe. From a teenaged girl who is curious about the changes taking place in her anatomy to an accepting young woman who is well aware of her duties and responsibility, the diary shows it all. Anne uses her diary to pour out her thoughts and feelings, her teenage physical longings for a companion and her ambitions in life. She justified her relationship with Peter and stands up to her father but in a matured manner by writing her feelings in a letter. She is dismayed over her father’s remark “Every child has to raise itself’. She feels that parents should only advise their children or point them in the right direction as ultimately children have to shape their own character. She says it was twice as hard for the young to hold on their opinions because ideas and virtues are being shattered everywhere.
Anne feels very strongly about the freedom of women and that women should get their due respect. When she looks at the sky, she is filled with hope.
OR
Helen describes the significance of the Hutton couple in her autobiography in glowing terms. The two years that Helen spent in New York were very important because she got the chance of meeting many famous people whose names she had often heard but never met. Helen was delighted to visit the lovely residence of Mr. and Mrs. Hutton, see their library, and read the beautiful sentiments, their gifted friends had written for them. Mr. Hutton was the kindest man and the most generous person, a good friend in all weathers.
Mrs. Hutton has often advised and helped Helen in her progress through college. When Helen felt discouraged, Mrs. Hutton wrote letters to her to inspire and encourage Helen. Helen always remembered her words “One painful duty fulfilled makes the next plainer and easier”. Mr. Hutton also introduced Helen to the famous writers like Mark Twain, Mr. William Dean Howells and Mr. Charles Dudley. Helen was greatly impressed by meeting such celebrities though she could not keep pace with their literary brilliance and style.
OR
When Helen was young, it had been Dr. Graham Bell’s recommendation to Helen’s parents to meet Mr. Anagnos which finally resulted in the arrival of Anne Sullivan in Helen’s life. Dr. Bell had been most sympathetic right from the beginning. Helen also visited the world fair with him and he introduced her to autophones and other inventions that made communications in the world easier. He went everywhere with Helen and described each object in the electrical world with great interest. These experiences matured Helen and she felt that she had taken a great leap from the world of the fairy tales to the real practical world. Dr. Bell had remained a sustaining influence in her life. Helen had spent many beautiful days at his home in Cape of Breton Island. Helen spent many delightful hours in his laboratory, listening to his experiments. She also helped him in flying kites to discover the laws that will govern future air-ships. Dr. Bell was the most proficient and he had a special manner of making everything look interesting. He was also poetic and humorous. He was most happy with the deaf children and his contribution in making life easy for the deprived peoples will be remembered for a long time by the world.

We hope the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English Language and Literature Paper 5 help you. If you have any query regarding CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English Language and Literature Paper 5, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science in Hindi Medium Paper 4 is part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science in Hindi Medium . Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science in Hindi Medium Paper 4

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science in Hindi Medium Paper 4

Board	CBSE
Class	X
Subject	Science
Sample Paper Set	Paper 4
Category	CBSE Sample Papers

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 10 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme as prescribed by the CBSE is given here. Paper 4 of Solved CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science in Hindi Medium is given below with free PDF download solutions.

समय : 3 घण्टे
पूर्णांक : 80

सामान्य निर्देश :

• इस प्रश्न पत्र के दो भाग, A व B हैं। आप को दोनों भाग करने हैं।
• सभी प्रश्न अनिवार्य हैं।
• भाग A के सभी प्रश्न एक साथ करने हैं तथा भाग B के सभी प्रश्न एक साथ करने हैं।
• भाग A के प्रश्न सं० 1 व 2 एक अंक के हैं। इनका उत्तर एक शब्द अथवा एक वाक्य में लिखना है।
• प्रश्न सं० 3 से 5 तक दो अंक के हैं। इनका उत्तर 30 शब्दों में (प्रत्येक प्रश्न के लिए) लिखिए।
• प्रश्न सं० 6 से 15 तक तीन अंक के हैं। इनमें से प्रत्येक प्रश्न का उत्तर 50 शब्दों में लिखिए।
• प्रश्न सं० 16 से 21 तक पाँच अंक के हैं। इनमें से प्रत्येक प्रश्न का उत्तर 70 शब्दों में लिखिए।
• भाग B के प्रश्न सं० 22 से 27 तक प्रयोगात्मक कौशल पर आधारित हैं। प्रत्येक प्रश्न दो अंक का है।

SECTION A

प्र०1.
किसी विद्युत उपकरण की विद्युत शक्ति (W), उसमें से प्रवाहित होने वाली विद्युत धारा (amp) तथा विभवांतर (Volt) में संबंध स्थापित कीजिए।

प्र०2.
जीन क्या है?

प्र०3.
मानवों के शुक्राणुओं और अण्डों के बीच प्रमुख अंतर क्या है? इस अंतरे का महत्त्वं लिखिए।

प्र०4.
निम्नलिखित का उत्तर कारण सहित लिखिए :
(a) सोडियम धातु को मिट्टी के तेल में क्यों रखा जाता है?
(b) जब नीले रंग के कॉपर सल्फेट के विलयन में जब कुछ मात्रा में एल्युमिनियम पाउडर डालते हैं। तो वह रंगहीन क्यों हो जाता है?

प्र०5.
घरेलू विद्युत परिपथों में विद्युत उपकरणों को समान्तर क्रम में क्यों लगाया जाता है? कोई दो कारण लिखिए।

प्र०6.
एक बर्तन में ठोस केल्शियम ऑक्साइड लेकर उसमें धीरे से जल डाला गया तो
(i) इस प्रयोग के दो प्रेक्षण लिखिए।
(ii) इस अभिक्रिया का संतुलित रासायनिक समीकरण लिखिए।
अथवा
निम्नलिखित अभिक्रियाओं के लिए संतुलित समीकरण लिखिए :
(a) तनु H₂SO₄ अम्ल की एल्युमिनियम पाउडर से अभिक्रिया।
(b) सोडियम कार्बोनेट की तनु HCl अम्ल के साथ अभिक्रिया।
(c) चूने के पानी में से CO₂ गैस को गुज़ारना।

प्र०7.
किसी वृत्ताकार चालक कुण्डली में विद्युत प्रवाहित होने पर उसके चुबंकीय क्षेत्र के किसी बिंदु पर चुबंकीय प्रबलता का क्या प्रभाव होगा जब :
(i) उसमें प्रवाहित होने वाली विद्युत धारा की मात्रा बढ़ा दी जाए।
(ii) यदि कुण्डली से उस बिंदु की दूरी बढ़ा दी जाए।
(iii) यदि कुण्डली में चालक तार के लपेटे बढ़ा दिए जाएं।

प्र०8.
एक विद्युत बल्ब तथा एक चालक जिसका प्रतिरोध 4 ओम है, एक 6 वोल्ट की बैटरी के साथ श्रेणी क्रम में जुड़े हैं। यदि बल्ब में से 0.25A की विद्युत धारा प्रवाहित हो रही है तो उस बल्ब का प्रतिरोध ज्ञात कीजिए।

प्र०9.
निम्नलिखित की परिभाषा लिखिए।
(a) प्रतिवर्ती क्रिया
(b) अंतग्रंथन (सिनेप्स)
(c) प्रकाशानुवर्तन

प्र०10.
गांव में रामू की खेती की जमीन है। वह उस पर एक ईंटों का भट्ट्ठा लगाना चाहता है। उसका दोस्त श्याम उसे कहता है कि वह भट्ठा लगाने का अपना इरादा बदल दे क्योंकि भट्ठा लगाने से उसकी चिमनी से निकले धुएं से गांववालों के स्वास्थ्य पर बुरा प्रभाव पड़ेगा तथा इसका प्रभाव बाकी लोगों के खेतों से उत्पादित होने वाली फसलों पर भी पड़ेगा। रामू उसकी सलाह मान लेता है तथा अपना इरादा बदल लेता है।
(a) श्याम किस प्रकार की सोच रखता है?
(b) व्याख्या करें कि श्याम की इस सोच ने किस प्रकार गांववालों को नुकसान होने से बचाया।

प्र०11.
कार्बन यौगिकों की समजातीय श्रेणियाँ क्या हैं? ऐल्डिहाइडों की समजातीय श्रेणी के दो क्रमागत सदस्यों के आणिवक-सूत्र लिखिए। उल्लेख कीजिए कि इन यौगिकों का कौन-सा भाग इनके
(i) भौतिक और
(ii) रासायनिक गुणधर्मों का निर्धारण करता है।

प्र०12.
निम्नलिखित सारणी का अध्ययन कीजिए जिसमें छह तत्वों A, B, C, D, E और F की स्थितियाँ उनकी आधुनिक आवर्त सारणी में स्थितियों के अनुसार दर्शायी गई हैं

उपर्युक्त सारणी के आधार पर निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए :
(i) उस तत्व का नाम लिखिए जो केवल सहसंयोजी यौगिक बनाता है।
(ii) उस तत्व का नाम लिखिए जिसकी संयोजकता तीन है और वह धातु है।
(iii) उस तत्व का नाम लिखिए जिसकी संयोजकता तीन है और वह अधातु है।
(iv) D और E में से किस तत्व का आकार बड़ा है और क्यों?
(v) तत्व C और F जिस परिवार के सदस्य हैं उनका सामान्य नाम क्या है?

प्र०13.
उपयुक्त उदाहरणों की सहायता से व्याख्या कीजिए कि कुछ लक्षण अगली पीढ़ी को क्यों नहीं दिए जा सकते हैं। इन लक्षणों को क्या कहते हैं?
अथवा
“ऐसा हो सकता है कि कोई लक्षण वंशानुगत हो जाए परन्तु व्यक्त न हो।” एक उपयुक्त उदाहरण की सहायता से इस कथन की पुष्टि कीजिए।

प्र०14.
कोई छात्र किसी दर्पण के ध्रुव से मोमबत्ती की ज्वाला को 15 सेमी दूरी पर रखकर उसके प्रतिबिम्ब को 60 सेमी दूरी पर स्थित पर्दे पर प्रक्षेपित करना चाहता है।
(i) दर्पण के उस प्रकार का नाम लिखिए जिसे उसे उपयोग करना चाहिए।
(ii) बनने वाले प्रतिबिम्ब का रैखिक आवर्धन ज्ञात कीजिए।
(iii) बिम्ब और उसके प्रतिबिम्ब के बीच की दूरी कितनी है?
(iv) इस प्रकरण में प्रतिबिम्ब बनना दर्शाने के लिए किरण आरेख खींचिए।

प्र०15.
श्वेत प्रकाश का एक पतला किरण-पुंज, PQ चित्र में दर्शाए अनुसार, काँच के किसी प्रिज्म ABC में से गुजरता है?
इस चित्र को अपनी उत्तर पुस्तिका पर खींचिए और पर्दे DE पर निर्गत पुंज जैसा दिखाई देगा उसका पथ खींचकर दर्शाइए।
(i) प्रेक्षण की जाने वाली परिघटना का नाम और उसका कारण लिखिए।
(ii) इसके अतिरिक्त प्रकृति में इसे परिघटना को आप और 3 कहाँ प्रेक्षण करते हैं?
(iii) इस प्रेक्षण के आधार पर श्वेत प्रकाश के अवयवों के बारे में जो निष्कर्ष निकाला जा सकता है उसका उल्लेख कीजिए।

प्र०16.
आपको एल्युमिनियम का एक बर्तन दिया है। आपको तनु HCl, तनु HNO₃, ZnCl₂ विलयन तथा जल (H₂O) भी दिये गये हैं। इनमें से कौन-कौन से विलयन एल्युमिनियम के बर्तन में रखे जा सकते हैं? प्रत्येक में होने वाली अभिक्रिया के विषय में भी लिखिए।

प्र०17.
(a) दो एक जैसे 10 Ω के प्रतिरोधकों को 6 वोल्ट की बैटरी के साथ बारी-बारी से पहले श्रेणी क्रम में तथा फिर समान्तर क्रम में लगाया गया। दोनों स्थितियों में शक्ति का अनुपात ज्ञात करें।
(b) एक किलोवाट घण्टा (kWh) तथा ऊर्जा की S.I. इकाई के बीच संबंध स्थापित करें।

प्र०18.
(a) शाकाहारी तथा मांसाहारी प्राणियों की छोटी आंत की लंबाई की तुलना कीजिए।
(b) छोटी आंत की दो विशेषताएँ लिखिए जिसके कारण यह पचे हुए भोजन को अवशोषित कर पाती

प्र०19.
(a) मानव मादा जनन-तंत्र के काट दृश्य का आरेख खींचिए। उस भाग का नामांकन कीजिए जहाँ|
(i) अण्ड विकसित होते हैं।
(ii) निषेचन होता है;
(iii) निषेचित अण्ड आरोपित होता है।
(b) संक्षेप में उन परिवर्तनों का वर्णन कीजिए जो गर्भाशय में उस स्थिति में होते हैं
(i) जब वह युग्मनज ग्रहण करता है।
(ii) जब युग्मनज नहीं बनता।

प्र०20.
(a) गोलीय लेंसों से संबंधित निम्नलिखित पदों की व्याख्या कीजिए :
(i) प्रकाशिक केन्द्र
(ii) वक्रता-केन्द्र
(iii) मुख्य अक्ष
(iv) द्वारक
(v) मुख्य फोकस
(vi) फोकस दूरी
(b) किसी अभिसारी लेंस की फोकस दूरी 12 सेमी है। वह बिम्ब दूरी परिकलित कीजिए जिस पर किसी बिम्ब को रखने पर उसका प्रतिबिम्ब लेंस के दूसरी ओर लेंस से 48 सेमी दूर बनता है।

प्र०21.
(a) हम तत्वों का वर्गीकरण क्यों करते हैं?
(b) आवर्त सारणी का निर्माण करते समय मेंडेलीफ द्वारा अपनाए गए दो मापदंड क्या थे?
(c) मेंडेलीफ ने अपनी आवर्त सारणी में कुछ रिक्त स्थान क्यों छोड़ दिए थे?
(d) मेंडेलीफ की आवर्त सारणी में हीलियम, नियॉन तथा आर्गन जैसी उत्कृष्ट गैसों का उल्लेख क्यों नहीं किया गया था?
(e) क्या आप क्लोरीन के दो समस्थानिकों CI-35 तथा CI-37 को उनके परमाणु द्रव्यमान भिन्न होने के कारण भिन्न-भिन्न स्थानों पर रखना पसंद करेंगे अथवा रासायनिक गुण समान होने के कारण एक ही स्थान पर रखेंगे? अपने उत्तर की पुष्टि कीजिए।

SECTION B

प्र०22.
एक विद्यार्थी ने फेरस सल्फेट को एक परखनली में गर्म किया। गर्म करने पर उसमें से एक तीखी गंध वाली गैस उत्पन्न हुई तथा फेरस सल्फेट का रंग सफेद होने लगा।
(i) तीखी गंध वाली गैस का रासायनिक सूत्र लिखिए।
(ii) FeSO₄ के क्रिस्टलों का रंग सफेद क्यों हो गया?
(iii) इसमें होने वाली अभिक्रिया किस प्रकार की है?

प्र०23.
एक विद्यार्थी ने पत्ती की झिल्ली की अस्थाई स्लाईड बनाकर देखा कि उसकी कोशिकाओं कुछ हरे रंग के बिन्दु हैं।
(i) इन हरे रंग के बिंदुओं का नाम लिखिए तथा उनमें उपस्थित रंगद्रव्यों का नाम लिखिए।
(ii) इन रंगीन कणों का क्या कार्य है?

प्र०24.
किसी विद्युत सैल में किसका मान कम होता है-उसके सिरों के बीच PD(विभवांतर) या उसकी वैद्युत गति बल (e.m.f)?

प्र०25.
एक परखनली में Na₂CO₃ के जलीय विलयन में जब एसिटिक अम्ल डालते हैं तो क्या होता है? निकलने वाली गैस की पहचान के लिए प्रयोग का समीकरण लिखें।

प्र०26.
जब एक प्रकाश किरण, एक कांच के स्लैब से गुजरती है, तो वह अपने पथ से कितनी बार विचलित होती है और क्यों?

प्र०27.
जब किशमिश के दानों को पानी में डालते हैं तो वे पानी को अवशोषित करते हैं क्यों? इस प्रक्रम को समझाएँ।

Answers

उत्तर 1-
शक्ति को विद्युत धारा तथा विभवांतर के गुणनफल के रूप में प्राप्त किया जा सकता है।
शक्ति (P) = विभवांतर (V) x विद्युतधारा (I)
P = V x I

उत्तर 2-
जीन डी०एन०ए० (DNA) की वह सूक्ष्मतम आनुवंशिक इकाई है जो गुणसूत्रों पर स्थित है। प्रत्येक जीन एक विशेष गुण को जनक से संतति तक ले जाता है।

उत्तर 3- शुक्राणु का आकार, अण्डे की तुलना में काफी छोटा होता है, तथा शुक्राण गतिशील होता है, जबकि अंडा (अण्ड कोशिका) गतिशील नहीं होता है। अण्डे में भ्रूण की प्रारम्भिक अवस्थाओं की वृद्धि के लिए भोजन भरा होता है, इसलिए इसका आकार शुक्राणु की तुलना में बड़ा होता है।
महत्त्व-शुक्राणु इसलिए गतिशील होते हैं कि उन्हें नर के शरीर से मादा के शरीर में निषेचन के लिए जाना होता है।

उत्तर 4-
(a) सोडियम धातु एक अति क्रियाशील धातु है। इसे खुली हवा में रखने पर यह वायु की ऑक्सीजन से क्रिया करके सोडियम ऑक्साइड में बदल जाती है। सोडियम धातु को इस अभिक्रिया से बचाने के लिए इसे | मिट्टी के तेल में रखा जाता है।
(b) जब एल्युमिनियम पाउडर को कॉपर सल्फेट विलयन में मिलाया जाता है तब एल्युमिनियम सल्फेट के रंगहीन विलयन के बनने के कारण कॉपर सल्फेट का नीला रंग धीरे-धीरे रंगहीन हो जाता है।

एल्युमिनियम (Al), कॉपर (Cu) से अधिक अभिक्रियाशील है इसलिए यह CuSO₄ विलयन में से Cu विस्थापित कर देता है तथा रंगहीन Al₂(SO₄)₃ बना देता है।

उत्तर 5-
घरेलू विद्युत परिपथों में विद्युत उपकरणों को समान्तर क्रम में लगाने के दो कारण :
(i) इस क्रम में यदि कोई उपकरण खराब होने के कारण, कार्य करना बंद कर देता है, तो बाकी उपकरण ठीक से चलते रहते हैं।
(ii) प्रत्येक उपकरण को इस क्रम में अपने प्रतिरोध के अनुसार विद्युत धारा प्राप्त होती रहती है।

उत्तर 6-
(i) इस प्रक्रम में काफी मात्रा में ऊष्मा उत्पन्न होती है जिससे बर्तन गर्म हो जाता है। बुदबुदाहट की तेज़ आवाज़ उत्पन्न होती है।
(ii)

अथवा

उत्तर 7-
(i) उस बिन्दु पर चुबंकीय क्षेत्र की प्रबलता अधिक हो जायेगी क्योंकि चुबंकीय क्षेत्र की प्रबलता विद्युतधारा के समानुपाती होती है।
(ii) बिंदु की दूरी बढ़ा देने पर चुबंकीय क्षेत्र की प्रबलता कम हो जायेगी क्योंकि चुबंकीय क्षेत्र की प्रबलता दूरी के व्युत्क्रमानुपाती होती है।
(iii) जब कुण्डली में लपेटे बढ़ा देते हैं तो उसमें से प्रवाहित होने वाली विद्युत धारा की मात्रा बढ़ जाती है। जिसके कारण चुबंकीय क्षेत्र की प्रबलता भी अधिक हो जायेगी।

उत्तर 8-

बल्ब :
प्रतिरोध, R₁ = ?
प्रवाहित विद्युत धारा, I₁ = 0.25A
अन्य चालक :
प्रतिरोध, R₂ = 4Ω
प्रवाहित विद्युत धारा, I₂ = ?
परिणामी प्रतिरोध, R = R₁ + R₂
∴विभवांतर, V = 6V
परिपथ में प्रवाहित विद्युत धारा, I = 0.25 A
∵I = I₁ = I₂ …[श्रृंखला संयोजन में
∴V = IR …[ओम के नियमानुसार

अब R₁ + R₂ = R
R₁ + 4 = 24
∴R₁ = 24 – 4 = 20 Ω

उत्तर 9-
(a) प्रतिवर्ती क्रिया-किसी बाहरी उद्दीपन के प्रति यदि अनुक्रिया तेजी से तथा बिना सोचे समझे होती है। तथा जो मस्तिष्क के एच्छिक नियंत्रण में नहीं होती, प्रतिवर्ती क्रिया कहलाती है। ये क्रियाएँ अधिकतर मेरुरज्जु द्वार नियंत्रित होती हैं। उदाहरण : गर्म प्लेट के छूने पर तत्काल हाथ का हट जाना या नुकीली वस्तु पर पैर पड़ जाने पर पैर का हट जाना।
(b) अंतर्ग्रथन (सिनेप्स)-निकटवर्ती तंत्रिका कोशिकाओं की जोड़ी के बीच अति सूक्ष्म रिक्त स्थान, जिसके पार तंत्रिका आवेगों को एक तंत्रिका कोशिका से अगली तंत्रिका कोशिका तक पहुँचाया जाता है, अंतर्ग्रथन कहलाता है।
(c) प्रकाशानुवर्तन-पौधे के प्ररोह (तने तथा पत्तियाँ) का प्रकाश की दिशा की ओर वृद्धि करना प्रकाशानुवर्तन कहलाता है। यह क्रिया ऑक्सिन नामक पादप हार्मोन द्वारा नियंत्रित होती है।

उत्तर 10-
(a) श्याम एक समझदार व सुलझा हुआ व्यक्ति है। वह पर्यावरण संरक्षण तथा अपने गांववालों के स्वास्थ्य व भलाई की सोच रखता है।
(b) (i) ईंटों के भट्ठे लगाने से धरती की उपजाऊ परत नष्ट हो जाएगी तथा वह ज़मीन गहरे बंजर खड्डों में परिवर्तित हो जायेगी।
(ii) भट्ठे में ईंटों को पकाने के लिए जीवाश्मी ईधन को जलाया जाता है जिसके धुएं से वातावरण दूषित होता है तथा लोगों को कई प्रकार की बीमारियाँ होने लगती हैं।
(iii) ईंटों के भट्ठे से बहुत अधिक मात्रा में राख निकलती है तथा यह राख वायु में मिलकर वायु प्रदूषण का कारण बनती है।
इन सभी कारणों के फलस्वरूप रामू श्याम की सलाह मानकर अपना इरादा बदल देता है।

उत्तर 11-
एक जैसे कार्बनिक यौगिकों का समूह, जिनके रासायनिक गुण काफी मिलते हैं, समजातीय श्रेणी कहलाते हैं।
एल्डिहाइडों के क्रमागत सदस्यों के आणिवक-सूत्र :
H–CHO
CH₃-CHO
C₂H₅-CHO
(i) एल्डिहाइड समूह से जुड़ी कार्बन श्रृंखला, जैसे H-, CH₃-, C₂H₅– इनके भौतिक गुणधर्मों का निर्धारण करती है।
(ii) प्रकार्यात्मक समूह से जुड़े सभी एल्डिहाइड, जैसे -CHO इनके रासायनिक गुणधर्मों का निर्धारण करते हैं।

उत्तर 12-
(i) E
(ii) D
(iii) B
(iv) तत्व ‘D’ का आकार बड़ा है क्योंकि किसी आवर्त में बाएँ से दाएँ जाने पर तत्वों के परमाणुओं का आकार छोटा होता जाता है। नाभिक में आवेश के बढ़ने से यह इलेक्ट्रॉनों को नाभिक की ओर खींचता है जिससे परमाणु का आकार घटता जाता है।
(v) उत्कृष्ट गैस समूह।

उत्तर 13-
वे लक्षण, जो जनन कोशिकाओं के जीनों में परिवर्तन नहीं ला पाते हैं, वे लक्षण अगली पीढ़ी में नहीं जा सकते हैं। ऐसे लक्षणों को उपार्जित लक्षण कहते हैं।
उदाहरण के लिए :
(i) यदि किसी झींगुर को काफी दिनों से पर्याप्त भोजन न मिल पाए और इस कारण उसका वज़न घट जाए तो वज़न का घटना एक उपार्जित लक्षण है।
(ii) चूहे की कटी हुई पूंछ एक उपार्जित लक्षण है।
अथवा
एक पीढ़ी से दूसरी पीढ़ी तक प्रभावी लग DNA द्वारा स्थानांतरित होते हैं। उपार्जित लक्षण DNA में नहीं आते हैं अतः ये अगली पीढ़ी में वंशानुगत नहीं होते।
उदाहरण-जब मटर के एक शुद्ध लम्बे पौधे को एक बौने पौधे से संकरण करवाते हैं तो F, पीढ़ी के पौधे केवल लम्बे दिखाई देते हैं जबकि बौनेपन का लक्षण भी वंशानुगत होता है। जब F, पीढ़ी के पौधों का पुनः संकरण करवाते हैं, तो F, पीढ़ी में बौने पौधे भी दिखाई देते हैं। इससे पता चलता है कि बौनेपन का लक्षण भी वंशानुगत हुआ है।
अतः कहा जा सकता है, “ऐसा हो सकता है कि कोई लक्षण वंशानुगत हो जाए परन्तु व्यक्त न हो।”

उत्तर 14-
(i) उसे अवतल दर्पण का उपयोग करना चाहिए।
(ii) u = -15 cm (u सदैव ऋणात्मक)
υ = -60 cm (वास्तविक स्थिति के लिए ν ऋणात्मक)
m = \(\frac { -v }{ u }\) => -4
(iii) बिम्ब तथा उसके प्रतिबिम्ब के बीच की दूरी = 45 सेमी
(iv) किरण आरेख :

उत्तर 15-

(i) प्रेक्षण की जाने वाली परिघटना का नाम प्रिज्म द्वारा श्वेत प्रकाश का विक्षेपण कहलाता है। इसका कारण यह है कि जब एक श्वेत प्रकाश किरणे एक प्रिज्म से गुजरती है तो यह सात अवयवी वर्गों में विक्षेपित हो जाती है।
(ii) इन्द्रधनुष का बनना प्रकृति में श्वेत प्रकाश के विक्षेपण का एक उदाहरण है।
(iii) इस प्रेक्षण के आधार पर श्वेत प्रकाश के अवयवों के विषय में यह निष्कर्ष निकलता है कि श्वेत प्रकाश सात रंगों की किरणों से मिलकर बनता है। ये रंग हैं-बैंगनी, जामुनी, नीला, हरा, पीला, नारंगी तथा लाल।

उत्तर 16-
(i) तनु HCl अम्ल को एल्युमिनियम के बर्तन में नहीं रखा जा सकता क्योंकि यह इस धातु से क्रिया कर एल्युमिनियम क्लोराइड बनाएगा जिससे हाइड्रोजन गैस निष्कासित होगी।

(ii) तनु HNO₃ अम्ल Al धातु से अभिक्रिया करके उस पर Al₂O₃ की रक्षा परत बना देता है इसलिए तनु HNO₃ अम्ल को एल्युमिनियम के बर्तन में रखा जा सकता है।

(iii) ZnCl₂ को भी एल्युमिनियम के बर्तन में नहीं रखा जा सकता क्योंकि Al धातु Zn से अधिक क्रियाशील है इसलिए अधिक क्रियाशील Al कम क्रियाशील Zn को इस विलयन में से विस्थापित कर देगा।

(iv) Al धातु H₂O से अभिक्रिया नहीं करता इसीलिए जल को एल्युमिनियम के बर्तन में रखा जा सकता है।

उत्तर 17-

(a) श्रेणी क्रम में, R = R₁ + R₂ = 10 + 10 = 20 Ω

उत्तर 18-
(a) छोटी आंत की लंबाई विभिन्न प्राणियों में उनके द्वारा खाए जाने वाले भोजन पर निर्भर करती है। उदाहरण के लिए, सेलुलोज़ एक कार्बोहाइड्रेट भोजन होता है जो शरीर में बहुत कठिनाई से पचता है। इसकी तुलना में मांस शरीर में आसानी से पच जाता है। शाकाहारी जीवों की छोटी आंत अधिक लंबी होती है क्योंकि उन्हें हरे पत्तियों के सेलुलोज़ को पचाने में अधिक समय लगता है। इनकी तुलना में मांसाहारी जीवों की
छोटी आंत कम लंबी होती है क्योंकि मांस को पचाने में उन्हें कम समय लगता है।
(b) छोटी आंत की दो विशेषताएँ ।
(i) छोटी आंत की भीतरी दीवार पर बहुत अधिक ऊंगलीनुमा संरचनाएँ होती है जिन्हें दीर्घरोम कहते हैं।
(ii) ये संरचनाएँ छोटी आंत का सतही क्षेत्र बढ़ा देती हैं जिसके कारण पचे हुए भोजन का अवशोषण जल्दी हो जाता है।

उत्तर 19-
(a) मानव मादा जनन-तंत्र के काट दृश्य का आरेख : अंडवाहिका

(i) अण्ड विकसित होते हैं-अण्डाशय।
(ii) निषेचन होता है-अण्डवाहिका।
(iii) निषेचित अण्ड आरोपित होता है-गर्भाशय।
(b) (i) जब गर्भाशय युग्मनज ग्रहण करता है तो इसकी परत मोटी होती जाती है भ्रूण के विकसित होने के लिए इसकी भित्ति पर एक संरचना बनती है जिसे प्लेसेंटा कहते हैं। इसी के माध्यम से भ्रूण
को विकसित होने के लिए ऑक्सीजन तथा भोजन प्राप्त होता है।
(ii) जब युग्मनज नहीं बनता तो गर्भाशय की परत टूटने लगती है तथा अण्डकोशिका ऋतुस्राव के समय गर्भाशय की टूटी परत के साथ योनिमार्ग से शरीर से बाहर निकल जाती है।

उत्तर 20-
(a) (i) प्रकाशिक केन्द्र-लेंस के केंद्रीय बिंदु को लेंस का प्रकाशिक केन्द्र कहते हैं।
(ii) वक्रता केन्द्र-लेंस के दो गोलीय पृष्ठ होते हैं। इनमें से प्रत्येक पृष्ठ एक गोले का भाग होता है। इन गोलों के केन्द्र लेंस के वक्रता केन्द्र कहलाते हैं।
(iii) मुख्य अक्ष-किसी लेंस के दोनों वक्रता केंद्रों से गुजरने वाली एक काल्पनिक सीधी रेखा लेंस का मुख्य अक्ष कहलाती है।
(iv) द्वारक-गोलीय लेंस की वृत्ताकार रूपरेखा का प्रभावी व्यास इसकी द्वारक कहलाता है।
(v) मुख्य फोकस-किसी लेंस के मुख्य अक्ष के समांतर जाने वाले प्रकाश किरणें लेंस से अपवर्तन के पश्चात जिस बिंदु पर मिलती है अथवा मिलती हुई प्रतीत होती है उस बिंदु को लेंस का मुख्य फोकस कहते हैं।
(vi) फोकस दूरी-किसी लेंस के मुख्य फोकस की प्रकाशिक केंद्र से दूरी लेंस की फोकस दूरी कहलाती है।

∴ लैंस से बिम्ब 16 सेमी दूरी पर रखा गया है।

उत्तर 21-
(a) हम तत्वों का वर्गीकरण उनके गुणों का अध्ययन आसानी से तथा एक क्रमबद्ध तरीके से करने के लिए करते हैं। इन तत्वों को खोजने के पश्चात् उनकी संपूर्ण जानकारी तथा गुण प्राप्त करने में कई मुश्किलों को सामना करना पड़ता था इसीलिए वैज्ञानिकों ने तत्वों के अध्ययन को सुगम बनाने के लिए तत्वों को वर्गीकरण किया।
(b) मेंडेलीफ द्वारा अपनाए गए दो मापदंड :
(i) परमाणु द्रव्यमान तथा
(ii) रासायनिक गुणधर्मों में समानता।
(c) मेंडेलीफ ने ये रिक्त स्थान इसलिए छोड़ दिए थे ताकि जब नए तत्व खोजे जाएँ तो वे अपने द्रव्यमान तथा गुणों के अनुसार ये रिक्त स्थान प्राप्त कर सकें।
(d) उत्कृष्ट गैसें, जैसे हीलियम, नियॉन तथा आर्गन, की खोज उस समय तक नहीं की गई थी क्योंकि ये अक्रिय गैस हैं तथा वायुमण्डल में इनकी मात्रा बहुत अल्प है। इनकी खोज के बाद इन अक्रिय गैसों को मेंडेलीफ की सारणी में बिना किसी परिवर्तन किए नए समूहों में रखा गया।
(e) क्लोरीन के समस्थानिक Cl-35 तथा Cl-37 को मेंडेलीफ की आवर्त सारणी में उनके परमाणु द्रव्यमान भिन्न होने के कारण अलग-अलग स्थान पर रखेंगे परंतु इनका रासायनिक गुणधर्म समान होने के कारण उन्हें एक ही स्थान पर रखेंगे। ये एक-दूसरे के प्रतिवादी हैं। अतः क्लोरीन के इन समस्थानिकों को मेंडेलीफ ने अपनी आवर्त सारणी में एक स्थान नहीं दिया।

उत्तर 22-
(i) तीखी गंध वाली गैसों का रासायनिक सूत्र :
SO₂ (सल्फर डाइऑक्साइड) व SO₃ (सल्फर ट्राईऑक्साइड)।
(ii) गर्म करने पर FeSO₄ के क्रिस्टलीय जल अणु वाष्पित हो जाते हैं तथा सफेद रंग का चूर्ण में परिवर्तित हो जाते है।
(ii) यह एक तापीय विघटन अभिक्रिया है क्योंकि इस अभिक्रिया में एक पदार्थ को गर्म करने पर वह तीन | पदार्थों में विभाजित हो जाता है।

उत्तर 23-
(i) ये हरे रंग के बिंदु हरित लवक है तथा उनमें उपस्थित हरे रंग के रंगद्रव्य क्लोरोफिल हैं।
(ii) हरे रंग के क्लोरोफिल कण प्रकाश संश्लेषण क्रिया में सौर ऊर्जा को अवशोषित करते हैं।

उत्तर 24-
इन दोनों में से विद्युत सैल का PD (विभवांतर) का मान कम होता है क्योंकि उस सैल के e.m.f. का कुछ भाग उसके आंतरिक प्रतिरोध को समाप्त करने में प्रयोग हो जाता है।

उत्तर 25-
इस प्रक्रिया में CO₂ गैस बुदबुदाहट के साथ उत्पन्न होती है।

उत्तर 26-
जब एक प्रकाश किरण एक कांच के स्लैब से गुजरती है तो वह अपने पथ से दो बार विचलित होती है
• पहली बार वायु से कांच में जाने पर वह विरल माध्यम से सघन माध्यम में जाती है और अभिलम्ब की ओर मुड़ जाती है।
• दूसरी बार जब वह कांच से वायु में वापिस आती है। यह सघन माध्यम से विरल माध्यम में जाती है। तो वह अभिलम्ब से दूर हो जाती है।

उत्तर 27-
किशमिश के दाने परसरण प्रक्रम के कारण जल को अवशोषित करते हैं। जल के अणु किशमिश के दानों की अर्धपरागम्य झिल्ली से बाहर से भीतर की ओर प्रवाहित होते हैं।

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CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Social Science Paper 7 are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Social Science. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Social Science Paper 7.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Social Science Paper 7

Board	CBSE
Class	X
Subject	Social Science
Sample Paper Set	Paper 7
Category	CBSE Sample Papers

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 10 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme as prescribed by the CBSE is given here. Paper 7 of Solved CBSE Sample Paper for Class 10 Social Science is given below with free PDF download solutions.

Time: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions

1. The question paper has 27 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
2. Marks are indicated against each question.
3. Questions from serial number 1 to 7 are very short answer questions. Each question carries 1 mark.
4. Questions from serial number 8 to 18 are 3 marks questions. Answer of these questions should not exceed 80 words each.
5. Questions from serial number 19 to 25 are 5 marks questions. Answer of these questions should not exceed 100 words each.
6. Question number 26 and 27 are map questions of 2 marks from History and 3 marks from Geography. After completion, attach the maps inside the answer book.

QUESTIONS

Question 1.
What was ‘Hosay’?
OR
Who devised Spinning jenny? When?
OR
What do you mean by Chartism and the 10-hour movement?

Question 2.
What were the Biliotheque Bleue’?
OR
Name the earliest Marathi novel? Who wrote it?

Question 3.
Identify any two major alliances which contested in the 2004 Parliamentary Elections of India?

Question 4.
Name the local names of the alluvial soils found in the piedmont plains?

Question 5.
What are renewable resources? Give example.

Question 6.
Define GDP.

Question 7.
What are the functions of money?

Question 8.
Write short note on Rinderpest.
OR
Explain the role of the ‘gomasthas’ and ‘jobbers’ in the history of cotton textile industry of India.
OR
Narrate the information you could draw from the writings of Henry Mayhew on crime in London by the end of 19th century and state the steps taken by the government to check crime.

Question 9.
Why the Roman Catholic Church decide to maintain an Index of Prohibited Books from 1558?
OR
‘Stories in prose were not new to India’. Support your answer with three examples.

Question 10.
How do you differentiate federalism from a Unitary form of government?

Question 11.
“Every social difference does not lead to social division”. Explain with suitable example.

Question 12.
“The leaders of the Sinhala community sought to secure dominance over government by virtue of their majority”. Comment.

Question 13.
Why are dams referred to as multi-purpose river valley projects? Briefly explain these giving two examples of multi-purpose projects.

Question 14.
What is plantation farming? State two characteristics of plantation farming. Also mention two examples of plantation crops.

Question 15.
“Consumers are exploited in the marketplace in various ways”. Discuss with example.

Question 16.
Classify the countries according to the World Bank criterion.

Question 17.
Write a short note on Consumers International.

Question 18.
Define what is trade barrier? Why Indian government put various barriers in foreign trade and investments before 1991?

Question 19.
What marked the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement? How was this movement different from the Non-Cooperation Movement?

Question 20.
“The Habsburg Empire that ruled over Austria-Hungary, for example, was a patchwork of many different regions and peoples”. Justify.
OR
Describe any four steps taken by the French for the development of the Mekong Delta Region’.

Question 21.
“Ours is still a male dominated, Patriarchal society. Women face disadvantage, discrimination and oppression in various ways.” Discuss.

Question 22.
Suggest a few broad guidelines that should be kept in mind while devising ways and means for political reforms in India.

Question 23.
What are Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways? What is their major objective? Explain Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways.

Question 24.
When and where the first successful textile mill was established? Explain the three reasons that led to the location of cotton textile industry in Gujarat and Maharashtra initially.

Question 25.
Study the data given in the table and answer the questions that follow :

Sector	Organised	Unorganised	Total (in million)
Primary	2		242
Secondary	9	54	63
Tertiary	17	76	93
Total	28
Total in Percentage			100%

1. Which is the most important sector that provides most jobs to the people?
2. What is the number of persons engaged in the unorganised sector?
3. Why is this unorganised sector more important? Give one reason.
4. Which is the most important organised sector? Give one reason.

Question 26.
Two features A and B are marked on the given political outline map of India:

Identify these features with the help of the following information and write their correct names on the lines marked in the map :

A. The place where Gandhji led the cotton mill workers’ agitation.
B. The place where INC Session took place in 1927

OR

Locate and label on the same map given:

1. Champaran-indigo planters’ agitation in 1916.
2. Calcutta-INC Session September 1920.

Question 27.
On the given same political outline map of India locate and label/identify the type of soil the following with appropriate symbols:

1. Identify the type of soil in the shaded area on map.
2. Largest producer of ragi among Indian states,
3. Hirakud Dam

ANSWERS

Answer 1.
In Trinidad the annual Muharram procession was transformed into a riotous carnival called ‘Hosay’ (for Imam Hussain) in which workers of all races and religions joined.
OR
Spinning Jenny was devised by James Hargreaves in 1764.
OR
Two political movements of London in the 19th Century were called Chartism (a movement demanding the vote for all adult males) and the 10-hour movement (limiting hours of work in factories).

Answer 2.
In France, were present the ‘Biliotheque Bleue’, which were low-priced small books printed on poor quality paper, and bound in cheap blue covers.
OR
The earliest novel in Marathi was Baba Padmanji’s Yamuna Paryatan (1857).

Answer 3.
Two major alliances in 2004 parliamentary elections- the National Democratic Alliance, the United Progressive Alliance and the Left Front.

Answer 4.
Duars, Chos and Terai.

Answer 5.
Groundwater is an example of renewable resources. These resources are replenished by nature as in the case of crops and plants.

Answer 6.
The value of final goods and services produced in each sector during a particular year provides the total production of the sector for that year. And the sum of production in the three sectors gives what is called the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of a country. It is the value of all final goods and services produced within a country during a particular year. GDP shows how big the economy is.

Answer 7.

1. Money acts as a medium of exchange in goods and services and in payment of debts.
2. Money is used as a measure of value.
3. It is a Standard of Demand Payments.
4. It acts as store of value.

Answer 8.
(i) A devastating cattle disease, Rinderpest arrived in Africa in the late 1880s. It was carried by infected cattle imported from British Asia to feed the Italian soldiers invading Eritrea in East Africa.

(ii) Entering Africa in the east, rinderpest moved west Tike forest fire’, reaching Africa’s Atlantic coast in 1892. It reached the Cape (Africa’s southernmost tip) five years later. Along the way rinderpest killed 90 per cent of the cattle.

(iii) The loss of cattle destroyed African livelihoods. Planters, mine owners and colonial governments now successfully monopolised what scarce cattle resources remained, to strengthen their power and to force Africans into the labour market. Control over the scarce resource of cattle enabled European colonisers to conquer and subdue Africa.

OR

The ‘gomasthas’: The East India Company tried to eliminate the existing traders and brokers connected with the cloth trade, and establish a more direct control over the weaver. It appointed a paid servant called the gomastha to supervise weavers, collect supplies, and examine the quality of cloth.

Jobber:

(i) Getting jobs was always difficult, even when mills multiplied and the demand for workers increased. The numbers seeking work were always more than the jobs available. Entry into the mills was also restricted. Industrialists usually employed a jobber to get new recruits.

(ii) Very often the jobber was an old and trusted worker. He got people from his village, ensured them jobs, helped them settle in the city and provided them money in times of crisis. The jobber therefore became a person with some authority and power. He began demanding money and gifts for his favour and controlling the lives of workers.

OR
In the mid-nineteenth century, Henry Mayhew wrote about London labour, and compiled long lists of those who made a living from crime.

(i) He listed many of them as ‘criminals’ who were in fact poor people who lived by stealing lead from roofs, food from shops, lumps of coal, and clothes drying on hedges.

(ii) There were others who were more skilled at their trade, expert at their jobs. There were cheats and tricksters, pickpockets and petty thieves crowding the streets of London.

Steps taken:

(i) In an attempt to discipline the population, the authorities imposed high penalties for crime.

(ii) Offered work to those who were considered the ‘deserving poor’.

Answer 9.
(i) Print and popular religious literature stimulated many distinctive individual interpretations of faith even among little-educated working people.

(ii) In the sixteenth century, Menocchio, a miller in Italy, began to read books that were available in his locality. He reinterpreted the message of the Bible and formulated a view of God and Creation that enraged the Roman Catholic Church and began its inquisition to repress heretical ideas. Menocchio was hauled up twice and ultimately executed.

(iii) The Roman Church, troubled by such effects of popular readings and questionings of faith, imposed severe controls over publishers and booksellers and began to maintain an Index of Prohibited Books from 1558.

OR

(i) Banabhatta’s Kadambari, written in Sanskrit in the seventh century, is an early example.

(ii) The Panchatantra.

(iii) There was also a long tradition of prose tales of adventure and heroism in Persian and Urdu, known as ‘dastan’.

Answer 10.
Federalism:

1. Is a system of government in which power is divided between the central authority and various constituent units of the country. Federation may have government for the entire nation and government at the levels of provinces or states.
2. Both these levels of the government enjoy their power independent of the others. Powers of each level is specified in the Constitution.

A unitary government:

1. Has one level of government or the sub-units are subordinate to the central government.
2. The central government can pass orders to the provincial or the local government.

Answer 11.

1. Every social difference does not lead to social division. Social differences divide similar people from one another, but they also unite very different people.
2. People belonging to different social groups share differences and similarities cutting across the boundaries of their groups

Example: Carlos and Smith were similar in one way (both were African-American) and thus different from Norman who was white. But they were also all similar in other ways – they were all athletes who stood against racial discrimination.

Answer 12.

1. The democratically elected government adopted a series of Majoritarian measures to establish Sinhala supremacy.
2. In 1956, an Act was passed to recognize Sinhala as the only official language, thus disregarding Tamil.
3. The governments followed preferential policies that favoured Sinhala applicants for university positions and government jobs.
4. A new constitution stipulated that the state shall protect and foster Buddhism.
5. All these government measures, coming one after the other, gradually increased the feeling of alienation among the Sri Lankan Tamils.

Answer 13.
Large dams are referred to as multipurpose river valley projects where the many uses of the impounded water are integrated with one another as:

Irrigation, electricity generation, water supply for domestic and industrial uses, flood control, recreation, inland navigation and fish breeding.

(a) In Sutlej-Beas river basin, the Bhakra-Nangal project water is being used both for hydel power production and irrigation.
(b) Similarly, Hirakund project in the Mahanadi basin integrates conservation of water with flood control.

Answer 14.
Plantation farming: In this type of farming, a single crop is grown on a large area.

Characteristics:

1. The plantation has an interface of agriculture and industry
2. Use large tracts of land and capital intensive inputs with manual labour.

Examples of plantation crops: Tea, coffee, rubber, sugarcane, banana etc.

Answer 15.
Sometimes traders indulge in unfair trade practices such as when shopkeepers weigh less than what they should or when traders add charges that were not mentioned before, or when adulterated/defective goods are sold.

Answer 16.
(i) In World Development Reports, brought out by the World Bank, this criterion is used in classifying countries.

(ii) Countries with per capita income of US$ 12616 per annum and above in 2012, are called rich countries and those with per capita income of US$ 1035 or less are called low-income countries.

(iii) India comes in the category of low middle income countries because its per capita income in 2012 was just US$ 1530 per annum. The rich countries, excluding countries of Middle East and certain other small countries are generally called developed countries.

Answer 17.
(i) In 1985 United Nations adopted the UN Guidelines for Consumer Protection. This was a tool for nations to adopt measures to protect consumers and for consumer advocacy groups to press their governments to do so.

(ii) At the international level, this has become the foundation for consumer movement.

(iii) Today, Consumers International has become an umbrella body to over 220 member organisations from over 115 countries.

Answer 18.
(i) Tax on imports is an example of trade barrier. It is called a barrier because some restriction has been set up.

(ii) Governments can use trade barriers to increase or decrease (regulate) foreign trade and to decide what kinds of goods and how much of each, should come into the country.

(iii) The Indian government, after Independence, had put barriers to foreign trade and foreign investment. This was considered necessary to protect the producers within from foreign competition.

(iv) Industries were just coming up in the 1950s and 1960s, and competition from imports at that stage would not have allowed these industries to come of only essential items such as machinery, fertilizers, petroleum etc.

Answer 19.
(i) On 6 April Gandhi reached Dandi, and ceremonially violated the law, by picking up a handful of salt. This marked the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement.

(ii) People were now asked not only to refuse cooperation with the British, as they had done in 1921-22, but also to break colonial laws. Thousands in different parts of the country broke the salt law, manufactured salt and demonstrated in front of government salt factories.

(iii) As the movement spread, foreign cloth was boycotted, and liquor shops were picketed. Peasants refused to pay revenue and chaukidari taxes, village officials resigned, and in many places forest people violated forest laws – going into Reserved Forests to collect wood and graze cattle.

Answer 20.
(i) It included the Alpine regions – the Tyrol, Austria and the Sudetenland – as well as Bohemia, where the aristocracy was predominantly German-speaking. It also included the Italian-speaking provinces of Lombardy and Venetia.

(ii) In Hungary, half of the population spoke Magyar while the other half spoke a variety of dialects. In Galicia, the aristocracy spoke Polish.

(iii) Besides these three dominant groups, there also lived within the boundaries of the empire, a mass of subject peasant peoples – Bohemians and Slovaks to the north, Slovenes in Camiola, Croats to the south, and Roumans to the east in Transylvania.

(iv) Such differences did not easily promote a sense of political unity. The only tie binding these diverse groups together was a common allegiance to the emperor.

OR

(i) The French began by building canals and draining lands in the Mekong delta to increase cultivation.

(ii) The vast system of irrigation works – canals and earthworks – built mainly with forced labour, increased rice production and allowed the export of rice to the international market.

(iii) Vietnam exported two-thirds of its rice production and by 1931 had become the third largest exporter of rice in the world.

(iv) This was followed by infrastructure projects to help transport goods for trade, move military garrisons and control the entire region. Construction of a trans-Indo-China rail network that would link the northern and southern parts of Vietnam and China was begun.

Answer 21.
(i) The literacy rate among women is only 54 per cent compared with 76 per cent among men. Similarly, a smaller proportion of girl students go for higher studies. But the girls drop out because parents prefer to spend their resources for their boys’ education rather than spending equally on their sons and daughters.

(ii) The proportion of women among the highly paid and valued jobs is still very small. On an average an Indian woman works one hour more than an average man every day. Yet much of her work is not paid and therefore often not valued.

(iii) The Equal Wages Act provides that equal wages should be paid to equal work. However in almost all areas of work, from sports and cinema, to factories and fields, women are paid less than men, even when both do exactly the same work.

(iv) In many parts of India, parents prefer to have sons and find ways to have the girl child aborted before she is bom. Such sex-selective abortion led to a decline in child sex ratio (number of girl children per thousand boys) in the country to merely 927. This ratio has fallen below 850 or even 800 in some places.

(v) There are reports of various kinds of harassment, exploitation and violence against women. They are not even safe even within their own home from beating, harassment and other forms of domestic violence.

Answer 22.
(i) Reforms through Legal Ways: Law has an important role to play in political reform. Carefully devised changes in law can help to discourage wrong political practices and encourage good ones. Example: A change in rules for LBW decisions helped to reduce negative batting tactics. But no one would ever think that the quality of cricket could be improved mainly through changes in the mles.

(ii) Any legal change must carefully look at what results it will have on politics. Sometimes the results may be counter-productive. Example: Many states have banned people who have more than two children from contesting panchayat elections. This has resulted in denial of democratic opportunity to many poor and women, which was not intended. Another example is RTI.

(iii) Reform through ‘Political Practices’: Democratic reforms are to be brought about principally through political practice. The most important concern should be to increase and improve the quality of political participation by ordinary citizens.

(iv) Reform measures that rely on democratic movements, citizens’ organisations and the media are likely to succeed in reforming political system. The main focus of political reforms should be on ways to strengthen democratic practices.

Answer 23.
(i) The government has launched a major road development project linking Delhi-Kolkata- Chennai-Mumbai and Delhi by six-lane Super Highways.

(ii) The North-South corridors linking Srinagar (Jammu & Kashmir) and Kanyakumari (Tamil Nadu), and East-West Corridor connecting Silcher (Assam) and Porbander (Gujarat) are part of this project.

(iii) The major objective of these Super Highways is to reduce the time and distance between the mega cities of India.

(iv) The National Highway Authority of India (NHAI) implements and maintains these super highways.

Answer 24.
Successful location: Mumbai, 1854

Factors responsible for location of cotton textile industry in Gujarat and Maharashtra:

(i) Availability of raw cotton: This region predominantly located in the black soil. Therefore, good quality of cotton was easily available.

(ii) Well developed transportation network: This region was well connected with efficient network of roads and railways. It got the benefit of port facilities also.

(iii) Market: There was a huge demand for cotton goods in and around this region. Therefore, this industry concentrated in and around Gujarat and Maharashtra.

Answer 25.
(i) Primary-Agricultural Sector

(ii) 370 million

(iii) Agricultural Sector is most important unorganised sector because the unorganised sector mostly comprises of landless agricultural labourers, small and marginal farmers. Nearly 80 per cent of rural households in India are in small and marginal farmer category. These farmers need to be supported through adequate facility for timely delivery of seeds, agricultural inputs, credit, storage facilities and marketing outlets. Employment is more production is less.

(iv) Tertiary Sector: Employment is less and production is less. Also it produces ‘services’ rather than ‘goods’.

Answer 26.

Answer 27.

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