Category: CBSE Class 9

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science History Chapter 1 The French Revolution

These Solutions are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science History Chapter 1 The French Revolution. Free PDF download of NCERT solutions for Class 9 Social Science (India and the Contemporary World – I) Chapter 1 – The French Revolution. All questions are explained by the expert Social Science teacher and as per NCERT (CBSE) guidelines.

Question 1.
Describe the circumstances leading to the outbreak of revolutionary protest in France?
Answer:
The following circumstances led to the outbreak of revolutionary protest in France:

1. Louis XVI was an autocratic ruler who could not compromise with his luxurious life. He also lacked farsightedness.
2. When he ascended the throne the royal treasury was empty. Long years of war had drained the financial resources of France. Added to this was the cost of maintaining an extravagant court at the immense palace of Versailles.
3. Under Louis XVI France helped the thirteen American colonies to gain their independence from Britain the war added more than a billion lives to a dept credit, now began to charge 10% interest on loans. So the French government was obliged to spend an increasing percentage of its budget on interest payments alone.
4. The state finally increased taxes to meet its regular expenses such as the cost of maintaining an army, running government offices and universities.
5. The French society was divided into three estates but only members of the first two estates i.e,, the clergy and the nobles were exempted to pay taxes. They belonged to the privileged classes. Thus the burden of financing activities of the state through taxes was borne by the third estate only.
6. The middle class that emerged in the 18th century France was educated and enlightened. They refuted the theory of divine rights of the kings and absolute monarchy. They believed that a person’s social position must depend on his merit. They had access to the various ideas of equality and freedom proposed by philosophers like John Locke, Jean Jacques Rousseau, Montesquieu etc. Their ideas got popularised among the common mass as a result of intensive discussions and debates in saloons and coffee houses and through books and newspapers.
7. The French administration was extremely corrupt. It did not give weightage to the French Common man.
   The state finally increased taxes to meet its regular expenses such as the cost of maintaining an army, running government offices and universities.

Question 2.
Which groups of French society benefited from the revolution? Which groups were forced to relinquish power? Which sections of society would have been disappointed with the outcome of the revolution?
Answer:

1. The wealthy class of the third estate which came to be known as the new middle class of France benefited the most from the revolution. This group comprised of big businessmen, petty officers, lawyers, teachers, doctors and traders. Previously, these people had to pay state taxes and they did not enjoy equal status. But after the revolution they began to be treated equally with the upper sections of the society.
2. With the abolition of feudal system of obligation and taxes, the clergy and the nobility came on the same level with the middle class. They were forced to give up their privileges. Their executive powers were also taken away from them.
3. The poorer sections of the society, i.e. small peasants, landless labourers, servants, daily wage earners would have been disappointed with the outcome of the revolution. Women also would have been highly discontented.

Question 3.
Describe the legacy of the French Revolution for the peoples of the world during the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries.
Answer:
The French Revolution proved to be the most important event in the history of the world.

1. The ideas of liberty and democratic rights were the most important legacy of the French Revolution. These ideas became an umpiring force for the political movements in the world in the 19th and 20th centuries.
2. The ideas of liberty, equality and fraternity spread from France to the rest of Europe, where feudal system was finally abolished.
3. Colonised people reworked on the idea of freedom from bondage into their movements to Create a sovereign nation state.
4. The idea of Nationalism that emerged after the French Revolution started becoming mass movements all over the world. Now people began to question the absolute power.
5. The impact of the French Revolution would be seen in India too. Tipu Sultan and Raja Rammohan Roy got deeply influenced by the ideas of the revolution. In the end, we can say that after the French Revolution people all over the world became aware of their rights.

Question 4.
Draw up a list of democratic rights we enjoy today whose origins could be traced to the French Revolution.
Answer:
Some of the democratic rights which we enjoy today can be traced to the French Revolution are as follows:

1. Right to equality including equality before law, prohibition of discrimination and equality of opportunity in matters of employment.
2. Right to freedom of speech and expression including right to practice any profession or occupation.
3. Right against exploitation.
4. Right to life.
5. Right to vote.

Question 5.
Would you agree with the view that the message of universal rights was beset with contradictions? Explain.
Answer:

1. The message of universal rights was definitely beset with contradictions. Many ideals of the “Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen” were not at all clear. They had dubious meanings.
2. The French Revolution could not bring economic equality and it is the fact that unless there is economic equality, real equality cannot be received at any sphere. The Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen laid stress on equality but large section of the society was denied to it. The right to vote and elect their representatives did not solve the poor man’s problem.
3. Women were still regarded as passive citizens. They did not have any political rights such as right to vote and hold political offices like men. Hence, their struggle for equal political rights continued.
4. France continued to hold and expand colonies. Thus, its image as a liberator could not last for a long time.
5. Slavery existed in France till the first half of the 19th century.

Question 6.
How would you explain the rise of Napoleon?
Answer:

1. The political instability of the Directory paved the way for the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon had achieved glorious victories in wars. This made France realise that only a military dictator like Napoleon would restore a stable government.
2. In 1804, he crowned himself the emperor of France. He set out to conquer neighbouring European countries, dispossessing dynasties and creating kingdoms where he placed members of his family. Napoleon viewed himself as a moderniser of Europe.
3. He introduced many laws such as the protection of private property and a uniform system of weight and measures provided by the decimal system. But his rise to power did not last for a long time. He was finally defeated at Waterloo in 1815.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English Beehive Chapter 8 Reach for the Top are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English Beehive Chapter 8 Reach for the Top.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 9
Subject	English Beehive
Chapter	Chapter 8
Chapter Name	Reach for the Top
Category	NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English Beehive Chapter 8 Reach for the Top

TEXTBOOK EXERCISES
(Page 102 & 107)

THINKING ABOUT THE TEXT
I. Answer these questions in one or two sentences each. (The paragraph numbers within brackets provide clues to the answers.)
1. Why was the ‘holy man’ who gave Santosh’s mother his blessings surprised ? (1)
2. Give an example to show that even as a young girl Santosh was not ready to accept anything unreasonable. (2)
3. Why was Santosh sent to the local school ? (3)
4. When did she leave home for Delhi, and why ? (4)
5. Why did Santosh’s parents agree to pay for her schooling in Delhi ? What mental qualities of Santosh are brought into light by this incident ? (4)

Answers
1. Santosh’s grandmother sought blessings for a daughter, not for a son from the holy man. Most of the expecting women wish a son to be born to them. So this surprised the holy man.
2. She wore shorts and not the traditional Indian dress for girls.
3. She was sent to the local school. It was in line with the prevailing custom in her family.
4. She left home for Delhi when she got admission in a school. She did so as she wanted to get a,proper education.
5. They agreed to pay for her schooling in Delhi when Santosh got adament. She told them that she would work part time to get more education. The qualities of determination coupled with a strong desire are seen here.

II. Answer each of these questions in a short paragraph (about 30 words).
1. How did Santosh begin to climb mountains ?
2. What incidents during the Everest expedition show Santosh’s concern for her team mates ?
3. What shows her concern for the environment ? (CBSE)
Or
How does Santosh Yadav show her concern for the environment ? (CBSE)
4. How does she describe her feelings at the summit of the Everest ?
5. Santosh Yadav got into the record books both times she scaled Mt Everest. What were the reasons for this ?

Answers
1. She began to climb hills. She did so when she decided to check why the villagers climbing the hills vanished. Then she took admission in Uttarkashi’s Institute of Mountaineering. She went on an expedition every year.

2. One climber lay dying at the South Col. Another climber Mohan Singh would have died if Santosh had not shared her oxygen with him. She gave her oxygen to save him from a sure death.

3. Santosh returned from Mount Everest. While doing so, she collected garbage from the Himalayas. She then brought it down with her. It weighed 500 kilograms.

4. She describes her feelings in saying that that moment was simply great. It took sometime to sink in. She felt it was a spiritual moment. She felt proud as an Indian when she unfurled the Indian tricolour.

5. She set a record as the only woman to have conquered the Everest twice. Also she is the only Indian woman in the world to have set such a record.

III. Complete the following statements.

1. From her room in Kasturba Hostel, Santosh used to …….. .
2. When she finished college, Santosh had to write a letter of apology to her father because ……. .
3. During the Everest expedition, her seniors in the team admired her ……. while endeared her to fellow climbers.

Answers

1. … see the villagers going up the hill and suddenly vanishing after a while.
2. … she was going directly for training and not home which she should have done.
3. …… climbing skills, physical fitness and mental strength while working together endeared her to fellow climbers.

IV. Pick out words from the text that mean the same as the following words or expressions. (Look in the paragraphs indicated.)

1. took to be true without proof (1): …….
2. based on reason ; sensible ; reasonable (2): ……..
3. the usual way of doing things (3): …….
4. a strong desire arising from within (5): ………
5. the power to endure, without falling ill (7): ……..

Answers

1. blessing
2. rational
3. in her own quiet way
4. urge
5. resistance/endurance

BEFORE YOU READ
• Match the following.

something disarming	quickly, almost immediately
at odds with	more calm, confident and in control than people of her age usually are
glamorous attire	in contrast to ; not agreeing with
in almost no time	something that makes you feel friendly, taking away your suspiciousness
poised beyond her years	sent off
packed off	attractive and exciting clothes
launched	causing strong feelings of sadness
heart wrenching	started

Answers

something disarming	something that makes you feel friendly, taking away your suspiciousness
at odds with	in contrast to, not agreeing with
glamorous attire	attractive and exciting clothes
in almost no time	quickly, almost immediately
poised beyond her years	more calm, confident and in control than people of her age usually are
packed off	sent off
launched	started
heart wrenching	causing strong feelings of sadness

THINKING ABOUT THE TEXT
Working in small groups of 4-5 students, go back over the two passages on Santosh Yadav and Maria Sharapova and complete the table given below with relevant phrases or sentences.

Points of Comparison / Contrast	Santosh Yadav	Maria Sharapova
1. Their humble beginning
2. Their parents’ approach
3. Their will power and strong desire to succeed
4. Evidence of their mental toughness
5. Their patriotism

Answers

Santosh Yadav	Maria Sharapova
1. Santosh’s parents were affluent landowners who could afford …	My father was working as much as he could to keep….
2. Wishing always to study ‘a bit more’, and with her father slowly getting used to her urge …	The latter (her mother) was compelled to stay back in Siberia …. [My father working as much ……. either.]
3. Equipped with an iron will, physical endurance and an amazing mental…	Instead of letting that depress me, I became more quietly determined and mentally tough.
4. The culmination of her hard work and sincerity came in 1942 …	And that something in her lifted her on Monday, 22 August 2005 to the world number one position in women’s tennis.
5. Then I unfurled the Indian tricolour and held it ……. indescribable …… I felt proud as an Indian …	My blood is totally Russian. I will play the Olympics for Russia if they want me.

THINKING ABOUT LANGUAGE
Look at the following sentences. They each have two clauses, or two parts each with their own subject and verb or verb phrase. Often, one part (italicised) tells us when or why something happened.

• I reached the market when most of the shops had closed. (Tells us when I reached.)
• When Rahul Dravid walked hack towards the pavilion, everyone stood up. (Tells us when everyone stood up.)
• The telephone rang and Ganga picked it up. (Tells us what happened next.)
• Gunjan has been with us ever since the school began. (Tells us for how long he has been with us.)

I. Identify the two parts in the sentences below by underlining the part that gives us the information in brackets, as shown above.

1. Where other girls wore traditional Indian dresses, Santosh preferred shorts. (Contrasts her dress with that of others)
2. She left home and got herself enrolled in a school in Delhi. (Tells us what happened after the first action.)
3. She decided to fight the system when the right moment arrived. (Tells us when she was going to fight the system.)
4. Little Maria had not yet celebrated her tenth birthday when she was packed off to train in the United States. (Tells us when Maria was sent to the U.S.)

Answers

1. Where other girls wore traditional Indian dresses Santosh preferred shorts.
2. She got herself enrolled in a school in Delhi when she left home.
3. When the right moment arrived, she decided to fight.
4. Little Maria had not vet celebrated her tenth birthday when she was packed off to train in the United States.

II. Now rewrite the pairs of sentences given below as one sentence.

1. Grandfather told me about the old days. All books were printed on paper then.
2. What do you do after you finish the book ? Perhaps you just throw it away.
3. He gave the little girl an apple. He took the computer apart.
4. You have nothing. That makes you very determined.
5. I never thought of quitting. I knew what I wanted.

Answers

1. Grandfather told me about the old days when all books were printed on paper.
2. I throw the book away after I read it.
3. After giving the little girl an apple, he took the computer apart.
4. You have nothing which makes you very determined.
5. I never thought of quitting as I knew what I wanted.

DICTATION
Read the passage once. Then close your books. Your teacher will dictate the story to you. Write it down with the correct punctuation and paragraphing.

The Raincoat

After four years of drought in a small town in the Northeast, the Vicar gathered everyone together for a pilgrimage to the mountain, where they would pray together and ask for the rain to return.

The priest noticed a boy in the group wearing a raincoat.

“Have you gone mad ?” he asked. “It hasn’t rained in this region for five years, the heat will kill you climbing the mountain.”

“I have a cold, father. If we are going to ask God for rain, can you imagine the way back from the mountain ? It’s going to be such a downpour that I need to be prepared.”

At that moment a great crash was heard in the sky and the first drops began to fall. A boy’s faith was enough to bring about a miracle that not even those most prepared truly believed in. (translated by James Mulholland)

Answer

The Raincoat

After four years of drought in a small town in the Northeast, the Vicar gathered everyone together for a pilgrimage to the mountain, where they would pray together and ask for the rain to return.

The priest noticed a boy in the group wearing a raincoat.

“Have you gone mad ?” he asked. “It hasn’t rained in this region for five years. The heat will kill you climbing the mountain.”

“I have a cold, father. If we are going to ask God for rain, can you imagine the way back from jhe mountain ? It’s going to be such a downpour that I need to be prepared.”

At that moment a great crash was heard in the sky and the first drops began to fall. A boy’s faith was enough to bring about a miracle that not even those most prepared truly believed in.

SPEAKING
Imagine that you are Santosh Yadav, or Maria Sharapova. You have been invited to speak at an All India Girls’ Athletic Meet, as chief guest. Prepare a short speech to motivate the girls to think and dream big and make an effort to fulfil their dreams, not allowing difficulties or defeat to discourage them. The following words and phrases may help you.

• self confident/confidence/sure of yourself
• self assured/assurance/belief in yourself
• morale/boost morale/raise morale
• giving somebody a boost/fillip/lift
• demoralising/unsure of yourself/insecure/lack confidence

Answer
Madam chairperson, delegates, dear athlete participants and young girls

Thank you very much for inviting me to speak at this All India Girls’ Athletic Meet, as chief guest. I feel extremely delighted to find India being represented in this Meet through you all. I feel honoured to speak to you a few words from this platform.

Well, I was once like you. What is important in life is self-confidence. You must be sure that you are on a correct path of life. It should be morally right also. You must set a goal also. In between lie your hard work, determination and faith in you. You must make a kind of chart of your activities. You must see the goal as the motivating factor. Without dreams you can’t reach anywhere. They motivate you to do unusual things. But dreams should be capable of being fulfilled.

Never allow difficulties to overpower you. You will face problems in life. But never let them discourage you. Keep these things in mind. Believe in your physical and mental capacities. I am sure success will be yours.

Thanks to you once again for inviting me. Bye.

WRITING
Working in pairs, go through the table below that gives you information about the top women tennis players since 1975. Write a short article for your school magazine comparing and contrasting the players in terms of their duration at the top. Mention some qualities that you think may be responsible for their brief or long stay at the top spot.

Top-Ranked Women Players

I. The roll of honour of women who enjoyed life at the summit since everybody’s favourite player, Chris Evert, took her place in 1975.

Name	Ranked on	Weeks as No. 1
Maria Sharapova (Russia)	22 August 2005	1
Lindsay Davenport (U.S.)	October 2004	82
Amelie Mauresmo (France)	13 September 2004	5
Justine Henin-Hardenne (Belgium)	20 October 2003	45
Kim Clijsters (Belgium)	11 August 2003	12
Serena Williams (U.S.)	8 July 2002	57
Venus Williams (U.S.)	25 February 2002	11
Jennifer Capriati (U.S.)	15 October 2001	17
Lindsay Davenport (U.S.)	12 October 1998	82
Martina Hingis (Switzerland)	31 March 1997	209
Arantxa Sanchez-Vicario (Spain)	6 February 1995	12
Monica Seles (U.S.)	11 March 1991	178
Steffi Graf (Germany)	17 August 1987	377
Tracy Austin (U.S.)	7 April 1980	22
Martina Navratilova (U.S.)	10 July 1978	331
Chris Evert (U.S.)	3 November 1975	362

Answer

Top-ranked Women Players

It is good that women too have made it to the top in Women’s Tennis. The list is long. Different women enjoyed life being of the summit for different durations. For instance, Steffi Graf of Germany enjoyed the topmost rank for the longest duration of 377 weeks on August 17, 1987. She was followed by Chris Evert of the US who enjoyed this rank for 362 weeks on Nov 3, 1975. Martina Navratilova of the US enjoyed it for 331 weeks on July 10, 1978.

It was Martina Hingis of Switzerland who had it for 209 weeks on March 31, 1997. Monica Seles of the US also enjoyed it for 178 weeks on March 11, 1991. Following this, Serena Williams and Lindsay Davenport of the US also remained world number one for 57 and 82 weeks respectively. The latest number one women player is Maria Sharapova of Russia. She enjoyed this rank for 1 week only on August 22, 2005.

All these women didn’t make it to the number one world position in Women’s Tennis in one day. They worked very hard day and night. They sharpened their playing skills through various hurdles. They had physical fitness and mental strength to get success. They had talent, mental toughness and readiness to sacrifice. These qualities played an important role in their world achievements.

They have proved a great point. It is : if any one has these qualities of head and heart, one can surely achieve this grand success. What one needs is to put one’s dream into practice. Dreams always motivate one. But those dreams should be worth putting into practice.

II. Which of these words would you use to describe Santosh Yadav ? Find reasons in the text to support your choices, and write a couple of paragraphs describing Santosh’s character.

1. contented
2. determined
3. resourceful
4. polite
5. adventurous
6. considerate
7. weak-willed
8. fearful
9. independent
10. pessimistic
11. patient
12. persevering

Answer
I would use the following words to describe Santosh : determined, adventurous, considerate, persevering.

Santosh is surely a girl of determination. While young, she determined to get more education. For that she made her father agree to that. She threatened her parents that she would never marry if she did not get a proper education. Then she was very much determined in her career. She joined the Nehru Institute of Mountaineering at Uttarkashi without their permission.

She is adventurous also. She used to see the villagers climb the Aravalli Hills in Jaipur and vanish after a while. She decided to check it out herself one day. She wasn’t afraid of anything.

She is considerate. She has a sacrificing nature also. She provided special care to a climber who lay dying at the South Col. She saved another climber, Mohan Singh. She gave her oxygen to save him. Without that he would have died.

She had enough perseverance in what she did. She went on an expedition every year. This sharpened her climbing skills. This also increased her physical fitness and mental strength. Because of this she climbed Mount Everest.

All these qualities have made Santosh the only woman in the world to conquer Mount Everest twice. No one has broken her record till date.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 Democracy in the Contemporary World

These Solutions are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 Democracy in the Contemporary World.

NCERT QUESTIONS

Exercises

Question 1.
Which of the following does not lead to the spread of democracy?
(a) Struggle by the people.
(b) Invasion by foreign countries,
(c) End of Colonialism.
(d) People’s desire for freedom.
Answer:
(b) Invasion by foreign countries

Question 2.
Which of the following statements is true about today’s world?
(a) Monarchy as a form of government has vanished.
(b) The relationship between different countries has become more democratic than ever before.
(c) In more and more countries rulers are being elected by the people.
(d) There are no more military dictators in the world.
Answer:
(c) In more and more countries rulers are being elected by the people.

Question 3.
Use one of the following statements to complete the sentence:
Democracy in the international organisations requires that
(a) The rich countries should have a greater say.
(b) Countries should have a say according to their military power.
(c) Countries should be treated with respect in proportion to their population.
(d) All countries in the world should be treated equally.
Answer:
(d) All countries in the world should be treated equally.

Question 4.
Based on the information given in this chapter, match the following countries and the path democracy has taken in that country.

Country	Path to Democracy
(a) Chile	(i) Freedom from British colonial rule
(b) Nepal	(ii) End of military dictatorship
(c) Poland	(iii) End of one party rule
(d) Ghana	(iv) King agreed to give up his power

Answer:
(a) (ii)
(b) (iv)
(c) (iii)
(d) (i)

Question 5.
What are the difficulties people face in a non-democratic country? Give answers drawing from the examples given in this chapter.
Answer:
Citizens of non-democratic countries face a lot of difficulties. These are listed below:

1. They are not allowed to choose their leader or raise a voice against changing their leader.
2. They aren’t entitled to form political parties without the consent of the one in power. They do not have the rights to form independent trade unions or are allowed to strike.
3. They do not enjoy the right to freedom of speech and expression because there is a possibility that people can be arrested for any trivial matter.
4. For example, the military coup of 1973 in Chile and the Communist government in Poland, which ruled till 1990, are examples of oppressive undemocratic rule.

Question 6.
Which freedoms are usually taken away when a democracy is overthrown by the military?
Answer:
When democracy is overthrown by the military, freedom is curbed and the following incidents are usually witnessed:

1. The military does whatever it wishes to do and no one has the authority to question them.
2. The military government tortures harass, imprisons, and also kills people who had gone against them during their takeover. Moreover, citizens are not allowed to show displeasure against any of their policies.
3. People are barred from expressing their opinions freely, from forming any trade unions or even having the right to vote.

Question 7.
Which of the following positions can contribute to democracy at the global level? Give reasons for your answer in each case.
(a) My country gives more money to international institutions. Therefore, I want to be treated with
more respect and exercise more power. .
(b) My country may be small or poor. But my voice must be heard with equal respect because these decisions will affect my country.
(c) Wealthy nations will have a greater say in international affairs. They cannot let their interests suffer just because they are outnumbered by poor nations.
(d) Big countries like India must have a greater say in international organisations.
Answer:
(b) Because in a democracy all nations must have equal powers while the rest of the statements support the rich and the developed nations. They cannot contribute to democracy on a global level.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 2 Physical Features of India

These Solutions are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 2 Physical Features of India.

Question 1.
Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below:

(i) A landmass bounded by sea on three sides is referred to as
(a) Coast
(b) Island
(c) Peninsula
(d) None of the above
Ans. (c) Peninsula

(ii) Mountain ranges in the eastern part of India forming its boundary with Myanmar are collectivity called
(a) Himachal
(b) Uttarakhand
(c) Purvachal
(d) None of the above
Ans. (c) Purvachal

(iii) The western coastal strip, south of Goa is referred to as
(a) Coromandel
(b) Konkan
(c) Kannad
(d) Northern Circar
Ans. (c) Kannad

(iv) The highest peak in the Eastern Ghats is
(a) Anai Mudi
(b) Kanchenjunga
(c) Mahendragiri
(d) Khasi
Ans. (c) Mahendragiri

Question 2.
Answer the following questions briefly.

(i) What are tectonic plates?
Ans. Large fragments of the earth’s crust torn due to the rising convectional currents are called tectonic plates.

(ii) Which continents of today were part of the Gondwana land?
Ans. The continents are South America, South Africa, Australia and Antarctica.

(iii) What is the bhabar?
Ans. Bhabar is a narrow belt of the Ganga plain covered with pebbles lies along the foothills of the Shiwaliks.

(iv) Name the three major divisions of the Himalayas from north to south.
Ans. (a) The Greater Himalayas or Himadri (Inner Himalayas)
(b) Himachal or Lesser Himalayas (Middle Himalayas)
(c) The Shiwaliks (Outer Himalayas)

(v) Which plateau lies between the Aravali and the Vindhyan ranges?
Ans. Malwa plateau lies between the Aravali and the Vindhyan range.

(vi) Name the island group of India having coral origin.
Ans. Lakshadweep islands is the island group having coral origin.

Question 3.
Distinguish between:

(i) Converging and diverging tectonic plates
Ans:

Converging Plates	Diverging Plates
(a) When tectonic plates come towards each other,they are called converging plates.	(a) When tectonic plates move away from each other, they are called diverging plates.
(b) When they come towards each other, they either collide and crumble or one of them slides under the other.	(b) When they move away from each other, they do not collide or crumble.
(c) Converging plates cause folding.	(c) The diverging plates cause cracks or fractures on the earth’s curst.

(ii) Bhangar and Khadar
Ans:

Bhangar	Khadar
(a) This is a highland composed of old alluvium.	(a) This is a lowland composed of new alluvium.
(b) It is always above the level of flood plain.	(b) It is flooded almost every year and new alluvium is deposited.
(c) It is often saturated with calcareous nodules known as kankar.	(c) It is often characterised by clay soil, which is very fertile.
(d) This is not much suited for cultivation.	(d) It is ideal for intensive agriculture.

(iii) Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats
Ans:

Western Ghats	Eastern Ghats
(a) Western Ghats mark the western edge of the Deccan Plateau.	(a) Eastern Ghats mark the eastern edge of the Deccan Plateau.
(b) They are continuous and can only be crossed through passes only, e.g., Pal Ghat, Bhor Ghat etc.	(b) They are discontinuous and irregular and have been dissected by the rivers draining into the Bay of Bengal.
(c) They lie parallel to the Western coast along the Arabian Sea.	(c) They lie along the eastern coast along the Bay of Bengal.
(d) They are higher in south and the height increases towards the south.	(d) They are higher in the north and the height increases towards the north.
(e) Average height is between 900 m to 1600 m.	(e) Average height is 600 m.
(f) The highest peak is Anai Mudi with height of 2,695 m above sea level.	(f) The highest peak is Mahendragiri with height of 1,501 m above the sea level.

Question 4.
Describe how the Himalayas were formed.
Answer:
(a) The oldest landmass of India (i.e. Peninsular part) was a part of Gondwana land, which included India, Australia, South Africa and South America as one single landmass.
(b) Convectional currents split the earth’s crust into’a number of fragments, thereby leading to the drifting of the Indo – Australian plate towards the north after being separated from Gondwana land.
(c) The northward drift resulted in the collision of this plate with much larger Eurasian plate.
(d) Due to this collision, the sedimentary rocks which were accumulated in the geosyncline called the Tethys, were folded to form the mountain systems of west Asia and Himalayas.
(e) The Himalayas represent a youthful topography with high peaks, deep valleys and fast-flowing rivers.

Question 5.
Which are the major physiographic divisions of India? Contrast the relief of the Himalayan region with that of the Peninsular plateau.
Answer:
The major physiographic divisions of India are:

• The Himalayan Mountains
• The Northern Plains of India
• The Peninsular Plateau
• The Indian Desert
• The Coastal Plains
• The Islands

Relief of Himalayan Region	Relief of Peninsular Plateau
(a) Himalayas are young fold and loftiest mountains of the world comprising of several parallel ranges.	(a) It is a high tableland made up of old crystalline igneous and metamorphic rocks.
(b) They were formed due to folding of sedimentary rock strata in the bed of the Tethys Sea.	(b) The Peninsular Plateau was born by breaking up of the Gondwana land.
(c) This region consists of the highest peaks of the world. Many of these peaks are above 6000 metres and snow covered throughout the year, e.g., Mt. Everest, Mt. K2 etc.	(c) The hills of the Peninsular Plateau are rounded due to large scale erosion over a long period of time e.g., Aravalis and the Nilgiris etc.
(d) The Himalayas represent a youthful topography with high peaks, gorges, deep valleys and waterfalls.	(d)The Peninsular Plateau represents a relief of rounded hills, broad and shallow valleys.

Question 6.
Give an account of the Northern Plains of India.
Answer:

1. (a) The Northern Plains of India are alluvial plains of India. They are formed by the sediments brought from the mountains and deposited by the rivers in the depression formed after the uplift of the Himalayas namely the Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra and their tributaries.
2. (b) The plains spreads over an area of 7 lakh sq. km. The length of this plain is 2,400 km long and 240 km broad.
3. (c) It is densely populated and intensely cultivated area.
4. (d) With adequate water supply and favourable climate, it is agriculturally a very productive part of India.
5. (e) The Northern Plains of India are divided into three divisions.
   • Punjab Plains covers the western part of the Northern plains. They are formed by Indus river and its tributaries.
   • Ganga Plains extends between Ghaggar and the Teesta river, spread over the states of Haryana, Delhi, UP, Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal.
   • The Brahmaputra Plain lies to the east of the Ganga plains. It covers the area of Assam.

Question 7.
Write short notes on the following:

(a) The Indian Desert
Ans. (a) The Indian desert lies to the west of the Aravali hills. It is an uneven sandy plain covered with sand dunes.
(b) Barchans (crescent-shaped sand dunes) cover a larger part of the desert. Near the Indo-Pakistan border, longitudinal sand dunes are more common.
(c) It has arid climate with scarce vegetation and rainfall below 150 mm per year.
(d) Rivers/streams appear only during the rainy season and soon afterward disappear in the sand. They do not have enough water to reach the sea. JRiver Luni is the only large river in this area.

(b) The Central Highlands
Ans. (a) The Part of the Peninsular plateau lying north of the Narmada river is called Central Highlands. These highlands are made up of hard igneous and metamorphic rocks.
(b) It is bordered by Aravali range to the north-west. The Central Highlands include the Malwa plateau to the west and Chotanagpur plateau to the east.
(c) The Central Highlands are wider in the west and become narrow eastwards. The eastward extension of the Malwa plateau is locally called Bundelkhand and Baghelkhand. Chotanagpur plateau in the east is drained by Damodar river, a southern tributary of Ganga river.

(c) The Island Groups of India
Ans. India has two groups of islands namely:
(a) Lakshadweep Islands
(b) Andaman and Nicobar islands group

Lakshadweep Islands:
(a) These island groups are located in the Arabian Sea i.e., west of Malabar coast of Kerala.
(b) These islands are of coral origin formed by deposition of the dead remains,
(c) The total area of islands are 32 sq km. In Lakshadweep, administrative headquarters is in Kavaratti islands.
(d) They have a wide diversity of flora and fauna. The Pitti island, an uninhabited island has a bird sanctuaiy.

Andaman and Nicobar Island:
(a) These islands are located in the Bay of Bengal are the raised portion of the submerged mountain ranges projecting out of the sea water.
(b) Large in size and are more numerous. Some of them are of volcanic origin e.g. Barren island the only active volcano,
(c) These islands are of strategic importance as it lies very close to south-east Asia,
(d) The capital city is Port Blair,
(e) Experience equatorial climate and has thick forest cover.

Question 8.
On an outline map of India show the following.
(i) Mountain and hill ranges – the Karakoram, the Zaskar, the Patkai Bum, the Jaintia, the Vindhya range, the Aravali and the Cardamom hills.
(ii) Peaks – K₂, Kanchenjunga, Nanga Parbat and Anai Mudi.
(iii) Plateaus – Chotanagpur and Malwa
(iv) The Indian Desert, Western Ghats, Lakshadweep Islands.
Answer:

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NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English Beehive Poem Chapter 2 Wind are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English Beehive Poem Chapter 2 Wind.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 9
Subject	English Beehive (poem)
Chapter	Chapter 2
Chapter Name	Wind
Category	NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English Beehive Poem Chapter 2 Wind

COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS
Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow each :

I Wind, come softly.
Don’t break the shutters of the windows.
Don’t scatter the papers.
Don’t throw down the books on the shelf.
There, look what you did – you threw them all down.
You tore the pages of the books.
You brought rain again. (page 30)

Questions

1. What does the Wind do to the buildings ?
2. What does it do to the books ?
3. Why does the poet ask the Wind to come softly ?
4. Give the meaning of ‘scatter’.

Answers

1. The Wind harms the building by breaking the shutters of the windows.
2. The Wind destroys the books by scattering them and tearing their pages.
3. The poet asks the Wind to come softly as it is a destroyer of things.
4. It is ‘spread’.

II. You’re very clever at poking fun at weaklings.
Frail crumbling houses, crumbling doors, crumbling rafters,
crumbling wood, crumbling bodies, crumbling lives,
crumbling hearts –
the wind god winnows and crushes them all. (page 30)

Questions

1. How does the Wind make fun of weak things ?
2. What aspect of the Wind is seen in what he does ?
3. What divine form does it assume and what for ?
4. Give the meaning of ‘crumbling’.

Answers

1. The Wind makes fun of various weak things by breaking them. These are like houses, bodies, hearts, forests etc.
2. The destroying aspect of the Wind is seen here. He destroys weak things that come his way.
3. The Wind becomes ‘god’ and ‘winnows’ the things that come his way.
4. It means ‘breaking’.

III. He won’t do what you tell him.
So, come, let’s build strong homes,
Let’s joint the doors firmly.
Practise to firm the body.
Make the heart steadfast.
Do this, and the wind will be friends with us. (Page 30) (M. Imp.)

Questions

1. Who are ‘He’ and ‘you’ here ?
2. What lesson do we learn from the actions of the Wind ?
3. When will we treat the Wind as a ‘friend’ ?
4. Give the antonym of‘firm’.

Answers

1. ‘He’ here is the Wind and ‘you’ is anybody, reader etc.
2. We learn that the strong can’t harm the strong. But they will destroy the weak. So we must be strong.
3. We will treat the Wind as a ‘friend’ when we become powerful and strong like him.
4. It is ‘infirm’ (weak).

IV. The wind blows out weak fires.
He makes strong fires roar and flourish.
His friendship is good.
We praise him every day. (Page 30) (Imp.)

Questions

1. What does the Wind do to ‘fires’ ?
2. How does the Wind affect ‘strong fires’ ?
3. What should we do to the Wind ? What for ?
4. Give the meaning of ‘flourish’.

Answers

1. The Wind blows out the fires.
2. The Wind affects strong fires by making them roar and grow more.
3. We should make fiiends with the Wind and be strong like him. That way we can live honourably.
4. It is ‘thrive’.

TEXTUAL QUESTIONS
(Page 31)

Thinking About the Poem
I.

1. What are the things the wind does in the first stanza ?
2. Have you seen anybody winnow grain at home or in a paddy field ? What is the word in your language for winnowing ? What do people use for winnowing ? (Give the words in your language, if you know them.)
3. What does the poet say the wind god winnows ?
4. What should we do to make friends with the wind ?
5. What do the last four lines of the poem mean to you ?
6. How does the poet speak to the wind – in anger or with humour ? You must also have seen or heard of the wind “crumbling lives”. What is your response to this ? Is it like the poet’s ?

Answers
1. The wind breaks the shutters of the windows. It scatters the papers here and there. It throws down the books down the shelf. It tears the pages of the books.

2. Yes, I have seen people winnowing. We use ‘separate’ for winnowing. In our language, it is ‘बरसाना’ People use stands, fans and the grain mixed with chaff for winnowing. When the fans blow air, the grain and chaff get separated. This process is called ‘winnowing’.

3. The wind god winnows homes, doors, rafters, wood, bodies, lives and hearts.

4. We should build strong homes and join the doors firmly. We should firm the body and make the heart strong. By doing so we shall make friends with the wind.

5. The last four lines mean that the wind troubles weak people. But he gives strength to those who are strong. So we should be strong in every way.

6. The poet speaks to the wind with humour. I have seen and heard the wind troubling lives. My response is like that of the poet. The poet indirectly challenges the wind to trouble him. It means he is not weaker than the wind.

II. 1. The poem you have just read is originally in the Tamil. Do you know any such poems in your language ?

Answer
1. I do not know any such poems in Hindi. But in English there is such a poem. It is, ‘Ode To The West Wind’ by P.B. Shelley. It describes the power of the West Wind.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Civics Chapter 2 What is Democracy? Why Democracy?

These Solutions are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Civics Chapter 2 What is Democracy? Why Democracy?

NCERT QUESTIONS

Exercises

Question 1.
Here is some information about four countries. Based on this information, how would you classify each of these countries. Write ‘democratic’ ‘Undemocratic’ or ‘not sure’ against each of these.
(a) Country A: People who do not accept the country’s official religion, do not have a right to vote.
Answer:
Undemocratic.
(b) Country B: The same party has been winning elections for the last twenty years.
Answer:
Not sure.
(c) Country C: Ruling party has lost in the last three elections.
Answer:
Democratic.
(d) Country D: There is no independent Election Commission.
Answer:
Undemocratic.

Question 2.
Here is some information about four countries. Based on this information, how would you classify each of these countries? Write ‘democratic’, ‘undemocratic’ or ‘not sure’ against each of these.
(a) Country P: The Parliament cannot pass a law about the army without the consent of the Chief of Army.
Answer:
Democratic.
(b) Country Q: The Parliament cannot pass a law reducing the powers of the judiciary.
Answer:
Democratic.
(c) Country R: The country’s leaders cannot sign any treaty with another country without taking permission from its neighbouring country.
Answer:
Not sure.
(d) Country S: All the major economic decisions about the country are taken by officials of the central bank which the ministers cannot change.
Answer:
Undemocratic.

Question 3.
Which of these is not a good argument in favour of democracy? Why?
(a) Peope feel free and equal in a democracy.
(b) Democracies resolve conflict in a better way than others.
(c) Democratic government is more accountable to the people.
(d) Democracies are more prosperous than others.
Answer:
(d) Democracies are more prosperous than others, it is not a good argument in favour of democracy eg. In India, it has not ended poverty and in other parts of the World like in countries of Asia, Africa, Latin America. Other countries, for example, eg. Russia and China are more prosperous than some democratic countries of Asia and Africa.

Question 4.
Each of these statements contains a democractic and an undemocratic element. Write out the two separately for each statement.
(a) A minister said that some laws have to be passed by the Parliament in order to conform to the regulations decided by the World Trade Organisation (WTO).
Answer:
(i) Undemocratic: Some laws have to be passed by the Parliament.
(ii) Democratic: In order to conform to the regulations decided by the World Trade Organisation (WTO).
(b)The Election Commission ordered re-polling in a constituency where large-scale rigging was reported.
Answer:
(i) Democratic: The Election Commission ordered re-polling in a constituency.
(ii) Undemocratic: Where large-scale rigging was reported.
(c) Women’s representation in the Parliament has barely reached 10 per cent. This led women’s organisations to demand one-third seats for women.
Answer:
(i) Undemocratic: Women’s representation in the Parliament has barely reached 10 per cent.
(ii) Democratic: This led women’s organisations to demand one-third seats for women.

Question 5.
Which of these is not a valid reason for arguing that there is a lesser possibility of famine in a democratic country?
(a) Opposition parties can draw attention to hunger and starvation.
(b) Free press can report suffering from famine in different parts of the country.
(c) Government fears its defeat in the next elections.
(d) People are free to believe in and practise any religion.
Answer:
(d) People are free to believe in and practise any religion has no relation with the lesser possibility
of famine in a country.

Question 6.
There are 40 villages in a district where the government has made no provision for drinking water. These villagers met and considered many methods of forcing the government to respond to their need.
Which of these is not a democratic method?
(a) Filing a case in the courts claiming that water is part of right to life.
(b) Boycotting the next elections to give a message to all parties.
(c) Organising public meetings against government’s policies.
(d) Paying money to government officials to get water.
Answer:
(d) Paying money to government officials to get water is not a democratic method.

Question 7.
Write a response to the following arguments against democracy:
(a) Army is the most disciplined and corruption-free organisation in the country. Therefore army should rule the country.
(b) Rule of the majority means the rule of ignorant people. What we need is the rule of the wise, even if they are in small numbers.
(c) If we want religious leaders to guide us in spiritual matters, why not invite them to guide us in politics as well. The country should be ruled by religious leaders.
Answer:
(a) If army is allowed to rule the country, it will lead to concentration of all powers in the army.
Power should be divided among the three organs of the government i.e.. legislature, executive and judiciary. Concentration of all powers with the army will lead to dictatorship e.g. Pinochet’s rule in Chile.
(b) Democracy is a form of government where all the adults have the right to vote. Restricting people to rule and govern only from minority bas ing ‘wise people’ would harm representational democracy.
(c) Politics and religion are two different fields. Religion takes us towards spirituality by teaching us what is good or bad. Combination of religion and politics leads to communalism or communal politics which is very dangerous.

Question 8.
Are the following statements in keeping with democracy as a value? Why?
(a) Father to Daughter: I don’t want to hear your opinion about your marriage. In our family children marry where the parents tell them to.
Answer:
Undemocratic: The daughter has been denied permission to express her views/opinions on her marriage.

(b) Teacher to student: Don’t disturb my concentration by asking me questions in the classroom.
Answer:
Undemocratic: The student is not being allowed to ask questions in the class.

(c) Employee to the officer: Our working hours must be reduced according to the law.
Answer:
Democratic: As the employee is asking working hours to be reduced according to the law.

Question 9.
Consider the following facts about a country and decide if you would call it a democracy. Give
reasons to support your decision.
(a) All the citizens of the country have the right to vote. Elections are held regularly.
Answer:
It is democratic because in a democracy there is Universal Adult Franchise.

(b) The country took a loan from international agencies. One of the conditions for giving loan was that the government would reduce its expenses on education and health.
Answer:
A democratic government works for the welfare of the country and enhances the dignity of the citizens. Therefore, it cannot perform any functions which go against the welfare of the country and its people. Moreover, it does not allow an international agency to interfere in the internal matters of a country.

(c) People speak more than seven languages but education is available only in one language, the language spoken by 52 percent of people of the country.
Answer:
It is undemocratic because the majority view is being imposed on the minority.

(d) Several organisations have given a call for peaceful demonstrations and nation wide strikes in the country to oppose these policies. Government has arrested these leaders.
Answer:
Democratic: In a democratic country the government follows such a policy to maintain law and order as is done in this case where strikers are arrested against the policies of the government.

(e) The government owns the radio and television in the country. All the newspapers have to get permission from the government to publish any news about the government’s policies and protests.
Answer:
Undemocratic: In a democracy, people have the right to freedom of speech and expression. Radio and television and the press are free from the government’s control.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science History Chapter 3 Nazism and the Rise of Hitler

These Solutions are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science History Chapter 3 Nazism and the Rise of Hitler. Free PDF download of NCERT solutions for Class 9 Social Science (India and the Contemporary World – I) Chapter 3 – Nazism and the Rise of Hitler. All questions are explained by the expert Social Science teacher and as per NCERT (CBSE) guidelines.

Question 1.
Describe the problems faced by the Weimar Republic.
Answer:
After the defeat of Imperial Germany, the Weimar Republic came into existence. The Republic had a democratic constitution and a federal structure. The Republic was not well received by the people.

The Weimar Republic faced many problems on all fronts- economic, social, and political. It was held responsible for the defeat in the First World War. The Republic had to pay war compensation and this put the Republic in deep financial crisis. Germany had fought the war largely on loans and had to pay war reparations in gold. Subsequently, gold reserves depleted and the value of the German Mark fell. The prices of essential commodities rose dramatically.

The Weimar Republic faced problems on the political front also. The constitution had many defects. The constitution gave the President the powers to impose emergency, suspend civil rights, and rule by decree.

The Weimar Republic had 20 different cabinets within a short span of time. Soon people lost confidence in the democratic parliamentary system.

Question 2.
Discuss why Nazism became popular in Germany by 1930.
Answer:
Nazism became popular in Germany by 1930 in the following manner.

1. The crisis in the economy, politics and society led to the rise of Hitler. He joined the German Workers’ party in 1919 and took its organisation. He renamed it the National Socialist German Workers’ Party. It came to be known as the Nazi Party.
2. Nazism became a mass movement during the Great Depression. After 1929 banks closed, workers lost their jobs and the middle class was threatened with poverty. Nazi propaganda gave hope of a better future. By 1932, the Nazi Party became the largest party in the Reichstag with 37 percent votes.
3. Hitler was a powerful speaker. He could draw the attention of the people. He promised to build Germany into a strong nation, wipe out the humiliation of the Treaty of Versailles and restore the dignity of the Germans. He promised employment and better future for the youth.
4. He understood the importance of show-biz. Massive rallies were held where he addressed the SA and SS columns. Public meetings were held to show support for Hitler and instill unity among the people.
   The red banners with the Swastika, Nazi salute, the ritualised round of applause were part of all meetings. Hitler was projected as a saviour, who would end all misery and restore the dignity of Germany and the German people.

Question 3.
What are the peculiar features of Nazi thinking?
Answer:
Nazi ideologies were

• There is no equality among people.
• The Nordic German Aryans were the best race.
• the Jews were considered the lowest rate.
• Nazism believed in the survival of the fittest.
• New territories had to be captured to enhance the motherland.
• New territories would enhance natural resources and make Germany a powerful nation.
• When the Nazi Party came to power it began to implement these ideologies.

Question 4.
Explain why Nazi propaganda was effective in creating a hatred for Jews.
Answer:

1. Jews remained the worst enemy in Nazi Germany. Hitler’s hatred for the Jews was based on the pseudoscientific theory that conversion was no solution for the Jews. They had to be exterminated. Form 1933 to 1938, they were segregated, from 1939 to 1945 they were place in certain areas and finally they were killed in gas chambers of Poland e.g. Auschwitz.
2. Media was used to popularise Nazi thinking. Their ideas were popularised through films, radio, posters, caricatures, slogans and leaflets. The most notorious film made on the Jews was The Eternal Jew.
3. Jews were shown with flowing beard and wearing kaftans. They were referred to as vermin, rats and pests. Nazism workedon the thinking of the people and turned their anger and hatred towards the ‘undesirables’.
4. One of the posters, showed a Jew sitting on a big bag of money. The caption read, ‘Money is the God of the Jews. In order to earn money, he can commit the greatest crime’.

Question 5.
Explain what role women had in Nazi society. Return to Chapter 1 on the French Revolution. Write a paragraph comparing and contrasting the role of women in the two periods.
Answer:
In Nazi, Germany women were considered to be different from men. The Nazis did not believe in equal rights for men and women. They felt that equal rights would destroy society. Young women were told to become good mothers, look after the home and rear pure-blooded Aryan children. Women who deviated from the prescribed code of conduct were severely punished.

In direct contrast to the women in Nazi Germany, women in France asserted themselves during the French revolution. Numerous women’s clubs were formed. Women demanded equal rights as men. The government introduced laws to improve the lives of women. Education was made compulsory for girls. Unlike Nazi women who were confined to their homes, the French women were given the freedom to work and run businesses. The French women also won the right to vote which was denied to their Nazi counterparts.

Question 6.
In what ways did the Nazi state seek to establish total control over its people?
Answer:
Adolph Hitler became the Chancellor of Germany in 1933. He passed many laws to gain total control over his people. The Fire Decree was passed on 28^th February 1933.

• the Decree abolished freedom of speech, press, and assembly Concentration Camps were set up and the Communists were sent there.

The Enabling Act was passed on 3^rd March 1933.

• All other political parties were banned.
• Nazi Party took complete control of the economy, media, army, and judiciary.
• Hitler became a Dictator

Special Surveillance and Security forces were formed to control the people. The Police, the Storm Troopers, the Gestapo, the SS, and the Security Service were given extraordinary powers to control and order the society in ways the Nazis wanted. The police forces acquired powers to rule with impunity and soon the Nazi State established total control over its people.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English Main Course Book Unit 5 Mystery Chapter 2 The Invisible Man are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English Main Course Book Unit 5 Mystery Chapter 2 The Invisible Man.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 9
Subject	English Main Course Book
Chapter	Unit 5 Chapter 2
Chapter Name	The Invisible Man
Category	NCERT Solutions

CBSE Class 9 English Main Course Book Unit 5 Mystery Chapter 2 The Invisible Man

Question 1.
List some phrases and words that come to your mind, when you look at the picture given below.


Answer :

Question 2.
Discuss in groups :

• Have you heard a story, seen a film, or read about someone becoming invisible ?
• Did he/she use his/her power for good or for evil ?

Answer :

1. Yes, I have read a story titled ‘Footprints without Feet’, by H.G. Wells. The scientist who became invisible by swallowing some medicine used his power not for good but for evil.
2. Yes, I have seen a movie ‘Mr India’ in which hero of the movie becomes invisible.

Question 3.
Study the words given in the box below and complete the police report.

Answer :
(a) shadows
(b) suspicious
(c) committing
(d) directly
(e) doubt
(f) chief
(g) broken
(h) arresting
(i) remain
(j) lawyer
(k) guilty
(l) court

Question 4.
What would you do if you became invisible ? Would you use your invisibility to play tricks on people or for the good of people ? Write a short paragraph on ‘If I were invisible’.
Answer :
If I were Invisible

It is rather difficult to become invisible. But in this modern age of marvels and miracles due tp scientific and technological advancement anything can happen. If I were invisible I would not do anything harmful to the people. But on the other hand, I would use my power to help the needy. I would be enemy number one to those who work evil things and cause distress to the public. I shall teach a lesson to those who shirk work, are not serious towards their duties and indulge in corrupt practices.

I would not tolerate corrupt officials as they are the country’s enemy.I will not tolerate those who abuse their powers of authority and work for selfish ends at the cost of their country. In fact, I would warn them first to come to the right track to discharge their duties honestly. If they change themselves, I shall help them. If not, I shall deal with them like criminals and dispense justice as per their crimes. The human society full of evils can be cleansed only this way.

Question 5.
Read the comic strip based on H.G. Wells’ novella.






Answer the questions by ticking the correct option.
(a) The strange-looking man wanted

1. the best room at the inn.
2. a room with a fire and a good lock.
3. a room with a good view.
4. a room where he could work quietly.

(b) Jimson was suspicious of the stranger because

1. he did not answer Jimson’s questions.
2. he did not want to talk about the weather.
3. he kept his back turned towards Jimson at all times.
4. he shouted at Jimson when he entered his room.

(c) The people of the town gossiped about the stranger as

1. he did not go out or talk to anyone in the town.
2. he had met with an accident and his face was bandaged.
3. he was new to the town and behaved rudely.
4. he stayed in his room and did not show his face to anyone.

(d) ‘There was a rash of burglaries in the town’. This means that

1. there were many robberies in the town.
2. a few people in the town had seen a robber.
3. the burglaries in the town were done in a rush.
4. the burglar was a rash and careless man.

(e) Although Jimson and Dr. Cuss are suspicious of the strange guest, Mrs. Hall tolerates him because

1. she is not superstitious or ignorant.
2. she is sorry for the stranger who is bandaged.
3. the stranger is paying her a good amount of money for the room.
4. the stranger is polite and kind to Mrs. Hall at all times.

(f ) The stranger who was staying at the inn can be described as being

1. violent
2. upright
3. dishonest
4. sensible

Answer :
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 1
(e) 3
(f) 1

Question 6.
Working in groups of four, write your own mystery story. You may use the following chart to plan your story.
Answer :
For working in groups of four at class level. Students may write a mystery story on their own using the hints and guidelines as given in Question 6 and Question 7.

Question 7.
WRITING A MYSTERY STORY :
Mysteries can be divided into several categories. There are puzzling stories, detective / crime stories, and suspense stories. They all give the reader a chance to become involved in the story’s solution through clues and character descriptions.
Characters :

• Before you start to write, think about the characters you might put in your story. What will each character do?
• Why is he or she important to the story?
• In what ways are your characters alike?
• How are they different?
• What can your characters learn from each other?
• One last thing to remember: your characters don’t always have to be people. If an animal plays a part in the story, that animal is a character, too

Setting :
A story has to happen in a place.

• The setting might be a place you are familiar with.
• It might even be another planet!
• A setting doesn’t even have to be a real place.

Details :

• Use your Imagination.
• Details help readers understand how something looks, how it feels, how it sounds – even how something smells or tastes!

Plot :

• Your characters have to DO something!
• What they do is the Plot of your story.
• To make the plot exciting add Situations.

Ending :

• The Ending of a story is the solution to the conflict.
• Solve the problem, dilemma or conflict faced by the main character.
• Show that your main character has changed or grown in some way.
• Tie up all the loose ends. Readers shouldn’t have to choose between several hinted endings.

Answer :
Students to write as desired.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 3 Drainage

These Solutions are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 3 Drainage.

Question 1.
Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.

(i) Which one of the following describes the drainage patterns resembling the branches of a tree?
(a) Radial
(b) Dendritic
(c) Centrifugal
(d) Trellis
ans.
(b) Dendritic pattern.

(ii) In which of the following states is the Wular lake located?
(a) Rajasthan
(b) Uttar Pradesh
(c) Punjab
(d) Jammu and Kashmir
ans.
(d) Jammu and Kashmir state.

(iii) The river Narmada has its source at
(a) Satpura
(b) Brahmagiri
(c) Amarkantak
(d) Slopes of Western Ghats
Ans.
(c) Amarkantak

(iv) Which one of the following lakes is a salt water lake?
(a) Sambhar
(b) Dal
(c) Wular
(d) Gobind Sagar
Ans.
(a) Sambhar lake

(v) Which one of the following is the longest river of the Peninsular India?
(a) Narmada
(b) Krishna
(c) Godavari
(d) Mahanadi
Ans.
(c) Godavari river

(vi) Which one amongst the following rivers flows through a rift valley?
(a) Mahanadi
(b) Thngabhadra
(c) Krishna
(d) Tapi
Ans.
(d) Tapi river

Question 2.
Answer the following questions briefly.

(i) What is meant by a water divide? Give an example.
Ans. Water divide is an elevated area, such as a mountain or an upland, that separates two drainage basins. For example, the water divide between the Indus and the Ganga river system is Ambala.

(ii) Which is the largest river basin in India?
Ans. Ganga river basin is the largest one in India. The length of this basin is over 2,500 km.

(iii) Where do the rivers Indus and Ganga have their origin?
Ans. The river Indus has its origin in Tibet, near Mansarowar lake. The Ganga river originates at the Gangotri Glacier on the sourthern slopes of the Himalayas.

(iv) Name the two headstreams of the Ganga. Where do they meet to form the Ganga?
Ans. The two headstreams of the Ganga are—the Bhagirathi and the Alaknanda. They meet to form the Ganga at Devaprayag in Uttarakhand.

(v) Why does the Brahmaputra in its Tibetan part have less silt, despite a longer course?
Ans. The Brahmaputra in its Tibetan part carries a smaller volume of water and less silt as it is a
cold and dry area.

(vi) Which two peninsular rivers flow through trough?
Ans. The Narmada and the Tapi are the two peninsular rivers that flow through trough.

(vii) State some economic benefits of rivers and lakes.
Ans.
Economic benefits of rivers:

• Rivers provide water which is a basic natural resource for various human activities.
• They are used for irrigation, navigation and generation of hydroelectric power.
• They have a moderating influence on the climate of the surroundings and maintain the aquatic ecosystem.

Economic benefits of lakes:

• They help to regulate the flow of a river.
• They prevent flooding at times of heavy rainfall and during the dry season, they help to maintain an even flow of water.
• They also have a moderating influence on the surrounding climatic conditions and maintain the aquatic ecosystem.
• They enhance the natural beauty and recreational activities by encouraging tourism.
• Lakes are also used for the generation of hydroelectricity.

Question 3.
Below are given names of a few lakes of India. Group them under two categories- natural and created by human beings:
(a) Wular
(b) Dal
(c) Nainital
(d) Bhimtal
(e) Gobind Sagar
(f) Loktak
(g) Barapani
(h) Chilika
(i) Sambhar
(j) Rana Pratap Sagar
(k) Nizam Sagar
(l) Pulicat
(m) Nagarjuna Sagar
(n) Hirakund
Answer:
Natural Lakes:
(a) Wular
(b) Dal
(c) Nainital
(d) Bhimtal
(f) Loktak
(g) Barapani
(h) Chilika
(i) Sambhar
(l) Pulicat

Lakes Created human beings:
(e) Gobind Sagar
(j) Rana Pratap Sagar
(k) Nizam Sagar
(m) Nagarjuna Sagar
(n) Hirakund

Question 4.
Discuss the significant difference between the Himalayan and the Peninsular rivers.
Answer:

The Himalayan Rivers	The Peninsular Rivers
(i)They are perennial rivers. They get water from both the melted snow and of heavy rainfall.	(a)They are seasonal in nature. They depend on rainfall only.
(ii)They perform an immense erosional activity in the upper course.	(b)They do not perform any erosional activity in the upper course.
(c)They have long courses from their source to the mouth.	(c)They have shorter and shallower course.
(d)They carry large amount of silt and sand, which is renewed every year by annual floods. Therefore they are good for agriculture.	(d)These river do not carry much silt, there are no major plains. Fertile lands are only found in the small delta areas.
(e)The Ganga, the Indus, the Brahmaputra are major Himalayan rivers.	(e)The Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna, the Kaveri, the Narmada and the Tapi are major Peninsular rivers.

Question 5.
Compare the east-flowing and the west-flowing rivers of the Peninsular plateau.
Answer:

The East Flowing Rivers	The West Flowing Rivers
(i)The Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna, and the Kaveri are the east-flowing rivers of Peninsular India.	(i)The Narmada and the Tapi are the major west-flowing rivers of Peninsular India.
(ii)These rivers drain into the Bay of Bengal.	(ii)These rivers drain into the Arabian Sea.
(iii)These rivers form deltas on the east coast.	(iii)These rivers form estuaries on the west coast.
(iv)These rivers have a developed and large tributary system.	(iv)These rivers are devoid of any developed tributary system.

Question 6.
Why are rivers important for the country’s economy?
Answer:
Rivers are important for a country’s economy in the following ways:

• The rivers provide water as the basic resource that is used for various activities.
• The river banks have attracted settlers from ancient times. These settlements have now become major cities.
• Rivers provide water for irrigation, navigation, and for the generation of hydroelectric power.
• The rivers have also promoted agriculture, the most important economic activity of a country.
• The rivers tend to have a moderating influence on the climate of the surroundings. They also help to maintain the aquatic ecosystem.

Map Skills

(i) On the outline map of India mark and label the following rivers: Ganga, Satluj, Damodar, Krishna, Narmada, Tapi, Mahanadi, and the Brahmaputra.
(ii) On an outline map of India mark and label the following lakes: Chilika, Sambhar, Wular, Pulicat, Kolleru.

Hope given NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 3 are helpful to complete your homework.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English Main Course Book Unit 2 Chapter 1 A The Final Flight  are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English Main Course Book Unit 2 Chapter 1 A The Final Flight.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 9
Subject	English Main Course Book
Chapter	Unit 2 Chapter 1
Chapter Name	A The Final Flight
Category	NCERT Solutions

CBSE 9 English Main Course Book Unit 2 Adventure Chapter 1 A The Final Flight

TEXTUAL EXERCISES
(pages 21)

What is adventure ? What are its characteristics ? (Read and discuss.)
Question 1.
Given helow are four headings and four magazine extracts. Match each heading to the corresponding extract and write it as a heading for the extract.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

Answer :
For reading and discussing at class level under the guidance of the teacher. Matching with the extract is given below :

Question 2.
In pairs, discuss what is common about all the articles given above. Complete the web chart below, with the characteristics of adventure. (One has been done for you)

Answer :
The comman thing about all the articles is the basic spirt of adventure.

THE FINAL FLIGHT

Question 1.
Below are certain words that appear in the story of Amelia Earhart’s journey. The meanings have been given in a jumbled order. Match the words with their meanings.
Words :
(1) Navigator
(2) Skirting
(3) Dysentery
(4) Parachute
(5) Cable
(6) Precise
(7) Transmit
(8) Implement
9) Raft
10) Stowed
11) Aviator
12) Abandoned

Meanings :
(a) an infection of the bowels.
(b) a person who flies an aircraft.
(c) a person who plans a route for a ship or plane.
(d) to put something in a safe place.
(e) to leave something with no intention of returning.
(f) to be or go around the edge of something.
(g) a device that is attached to people or objects to make them fall slowly and safely.
(h) a small boat made of rubber or plastic that is filled with air.
(i) a set of wires, covered in plastic or rubber that carries electricity or telephone signals.
(j) carry out.
(k) exact.
(l) to send an electronic signal.
Answer :
The matching is as follows :
1. (c)
2. (f)
3. (a)
4.(g)
5. (i)
6. (k)
7. (l)
8. (j)
9. (h)
10. (d)
11. (b)
12. (e)

Question 2.
The world’s most famous female aviator, Amelia Earhart, disappeared in 1937, as she attempted to become the first woman to fly around the world with her navigator, Fred Noonan. She was last heard of from about 100 miles from the tiny Pacific Howland Island on July 2, 1937.
Read the story of her ‘Final Flight’ :

On June 1, 1937 Amelia and her navigator Fred Noonan departed from Miami, Florida; bound for California. Their first destination was San Juan, Puerto Rico; from there, skirting the northeast edge of South America; and then on to Africa and the Red Sea. The flight to Karachi was another first… no one had previously flown non-stop from the Red Sea to India before. From Karachi the Electra flew to Calcutta on June 17… from there, on to Rangoon, Bangkok, Singapore and Bandoeng. The monsoon prevented departure from Bandoeng for several days.

Repairs were made on some of the ‘long distance’ instruments which had given trouble previously. During this time, Amelia became ill with dysentery that lasted for several days. It was June 27 before Amelia and Noonan were able to leave Bandoeng for Port Darwin, Australia. At Darwin the direction finder was repaired, and the parachutes were packed and shipped home… they would be of no value over the Pacific.

Amelia reached Lae in New Guinea on June 29. At this point they had flown 22,000 miles and there were 7,000 more to go… all over the Pacific. Amelia cabled her last commissioned article to the Herald Tribune. Photos show her looking very tired and ill during her time at Lae. The U.S. Coast Guard cutter, Itasca had been standing off Howland Island for some days to act as a radio contact for Amelia. Radio communications in the area were very poor and the Itasca was overwhelmed with commercial radio traffic that the flight had generated.

Amelia left Lae at precisely 00:00 hours Greenwich Mean Time on July 2. It is believed that the Electra was loaded with 1,000 gallons of fuel, allowing for 20-21 hours of flying. At 07:20 hours GMT Amelia provided a position report placing the Electra on course at some 20 miles southwest of the Nukumanu Islands. The last weather report Amelia was known to have received was before take-off. The head wind speed had increased by 10-12 mph, but it is not known if she ever received the report. At 08:00 GMT Amelia made her last radio contact with Lae. She reported being on course for Howland Island at 12,000 feet. There is no real evidence as to the precise track of the aircraft after Nukumanu. No one saw or heard the plane fly over.

Several short transmissions were received by the Itasca with varying signal strengths but they were unable to get a fix on her location because they were too brief. At 19:30 GMT the following transmission was received from the Electra at maximum strength. “KHAQQ calling Itasca. We must be on you but cannot see you… gas is running low…” At 20:14 GMT, the Itasca received the last voice transmission from Amelia giving positioning data. The Itasca continued to transmit on all frequencies until 21:30 hours GMT. They determined that Amelia must have ditched at sea and began to implement search procedures.
It has been determined that the plane went down some 35-100 miles off the coast of Howland Island.

A life raft was stowed on board but no trace was ever found of the raft. Some experts felt that the empty fuel tanks could keep the plane afloat for a period of time. President Roosevelt authorized a search party of 9 naval ships and 66 air crafts at an estimated cost of over $4 million. On July 18, the search was abandoned by ships in the Howland area. George continued to seek help in the search, but by October he too abandoned all hope of finding them alive.

Amelia regularly sent letters to George at stops along her route. These were published in the book ‘Last Flight’. The book has a note from her to George….”Please know I am quite aware of the hazards… I want to do it because I want to do it. Women must try to do things as men have tried. When they fail, their failure must be but a challenge to others.”

Question 3.
The following is a time chart of Amelia’s aviation record in her attempt to go around the world. Complete it with the missing dates and events.

Answer :

Question 4.
During the summer vacation, your friends and you decide to enroll in “The School for Flying”. While training, you had an interesting and unforgettable experience. Here’s an account of it. Complete it using words from A.l. It was the most amazing summer camp that we have ever had. My friend Jonathan and I decided to join the flying-school. There was rigorous training and we gained a lot of expertise, Jonathan in charting the course of flying and I in flying the plane. 25 May 2010 was the Red Letter Day as we were to fly a plane for nearly half an hour without an instructor. At 6:15 GMT we took the flight, Jonathan as a (1) ________ and I the (2) ________. We remembered all the instructions given at the academy and we were (3) _____________ signals at frequent intervals. The day was clear but windy. We were (4) _____________ hills and were flying along the coast. Suddenly, the weather turned turbulent we (5) ________ our position asking for advice. But unfortunately there was no communication from the other end. All of a sudden, we heard an explosion. The fuel tank of our plane caught fire due to the lightning. We immediately decided to (6) ________ the plane and donned the (7) ___________ that were available. We were blown off 55-60 kms away from the coast and we landed in the outskirts of a dense forest. We were uninjured but hungry
and thirsty. We ate some wild fruit hoping it was safe. But unluckily it was disastrous for Jonathan as he had (8) __________ after that. We remembered our instructor’s clear and (9) ____________ instructions in case of such an emergency. We discussed various strategies and decided to (10) ______________ to the core the life saving strategies. We started exploring the forest. We must have wandered for about an hour or so along the coast when my eyes suddenly fell on something red in the crevice of a big rock. I went closer to it and to my great happiness and relief I saw a (11) __________. It was (12) _____________ away in a cosy nook. Oh! What a Answer relief it was, we were successful in rowing our way back. In the meanwhile, the coastal guards were hunting for us. In an instant we were celebrities.
Answer :
1. navigator
2. pilot
3. transmitting
4. flying over
5. reported
6. abandon
7. parachutes
8. dysentery
9. strict
10. implement
11. raft
12. stowed

Question 5.
You are a member of ‘Explorer’, an adventure club. Write a paragraph about one of your experiences of adventure activity.
Here are some words and phrases you can use :

I and my four friends were the members of Rishikesh Adventure Club. One day we decided to do rafting in the Ganges. Luckily the water flow was Suitable for it. We felt greatly excited, thrilled and curious to know if we would be successful. A great euphoria dawned upon us. We started rafting and enjoyed its movement in swirling water. When the water fell over steep rock heads, it sent us chills. But we didn’t get easily discouraged though we sensed some insecurity. Before flowing with the rapids we had gathered extraordinary courage and prayed also, though we felt a little terrified. At last, the point was reached and lo ! our boat started misbehaving. We felt some agonized moments but we navigated the boat with full confidence. Also the boat swam majestically. We were grateful to the occasion, time and situation. We had completed the job nicely.

I and my four friends were the members of Rishikesh Adventure Club. One day we decided to do rafting in the Ganges. Luckily the water flow was Suitable for it. We felt greatly excited, thrilled and curious to know if we would be successful. A great euphoria dawned upon us. We started rafting and enjoyed its movement in swirling water. When the water fell over steep rockheads, it sent us chills. But we didn’t get easily discouraged though we sensed some insecurity. Before flowing with the rapids we had gathered extraordinary courage and prayed also, though we felt a little terrified. At last, the point was reached and lo ! our boat started misbehaving. We felt some agonized moments but we navigated the boat with full confidence. Also the boat swam majestically. We were grateful to the occasion, time and situation. We had completed the job nicely.

Question 6.
You have read an account of the final stages of Amelia’s life. It had been a saga of struggle and courage. Read about her early life-the factors that inspired her to become an aviator and the difficulties she faced. Make a project on her life. Here is a list of the reference books and websites which will guide you in your endeavour in making a project. It can be in the form of a CD.
REFERENCE ON AMELIA EARHART :

• The Sound of Wings by Mary S. Lowell, 1989, Century Hutchinson Ltd., ISBN 0-09-173596-3
• Last Flight by Amelia Earhart (arranged by George Palmer Puttman from correspondence), 1988, Crown Publishers, ISBN 0-517-56794-6
• The Epic of Flight : Women Aloft by Valerie Mool mam, Time / Life Books, ISBN 0-8094-3289-7
• Biography : Amelia Earhart by Blythe Randolph, 1987, Frankin Watts Publisher, ISBN 0-531-100331-5

WEBSITES :

• www. ellensplace.net/eae intr.html
• en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amelia_Earhart
• www.acepilots.com/earhart.html.

Answer :
Students to make projects individually under the guidance of class teacher. The projects can be in the form of CDs as desired by the teacher. Some guidelines and additional matter about the early life of Amelia together with the factors that inspired her to become an aviator and difficulties faced are given below :

1. Biography :

• Bom : July 24, 1897, Atchison, Kansas (USA)
• Best known as : The pioneering female pilot who disappeared in the South Pacific (Ocean).
• Married to George Putnam from 1931 until her death.

2. More information about early life :

• Until 12, lived with her wealthy maternal grandparents Alfred and Amelia Harres Otis, in Atchison, Kansas.
• attended a private day school.
• In 1909, went with sister Muriel to live with parents in Des Moines, Iowa.
• Graduated from Hyde Park School in 1915.
• attended Ogontz School in Philadelphia, an exclusive high school and junior college.
• became a volunteer nurse in a hospital while in Toronto.
• In 1919 entered Columbia University but left after one year to join her parents.
• In 1920 winter Amelia saw her first air show and took her first airplane ride.
• In 1928 Amelia joined the crew of a flight across the Atlantic.

3. Flying records :

• 1931 : Altitude record in an autogiro
• First person to fly an autogiro across the US and back
• 1932 : fastest non-stop transcontinental flight by a woman
• 1933 : breaks her own record
• 1935 : first person to fly solo across the Pacific from Hawaii to California
• First person to fly solo from Los Angeles to Mexico
• Sets speed record for east-west crossing from Oakland to Honolulu.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English Main Course Book Unit 2 Chapter 1 A The Final Flight help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English Main Course Book Unit 2 Chapter 1 A The Final Flight, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Civics Chapter 5 Working of Institutions

These Solutions are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Civics Chapter 5 Working of Institutions.

Exercises

Question 1.
If you are elected as the President of India which of the following decision can you take on your own?
(a) Select the person you like as Prime Minister.
(b) Dismiss a Prime Minister who has a majority in the Lok Sabha.
(c) Ask for reconsideration of a bill passed by both the Houses.
(d) Nominate the leaders of your choice to the Council of Ministers.
Answer:
(c) Ask for reconsideration of a bill passed by both the Houses.

Question 2.
Who among the following is a part of the political executive?
(a) District Collector
(b) Secretary of the Ministry of Home Affairs.
(c) Home Minister
(d) Director General of Police
Answer:
(c) Home Minister

Question 3.
Which of the following statements about the judiciary is false?
(a) Every law passed by the Parliament needs approval of the Supreme Court
(b) Judiciary can strike down a law if it goes against the spirit of the Constitution
(c) Judiciary is independent of the Executive
(d) Any citizen can approach the courts if her rights are violated
Answer:
(a) Every law passed by the Parliament needs approval of the Supreme Court

Question 4.
Which of the following institutions can make changes to an existing law of the country?
(a) The Supreme Court
(b) The President
(c) The Prime Minister
(d) The Parliament
Answer:
(d) The Parliament

Question 5.
Match the ministry with the news that the ministry may have released:

(a) A new policy is being made to increase the jute exports from the country.	(i) Ministry of Defence
(b) Telephone services will be made more accessible to rural areas.	(ii) Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Public Distribution
(c) The price of rice and wheat sold under the Public Distribution System will go down.	(iii) Ministry of Health
(d) A pulse polio campaign will be launched.	(iv) Ministry of Commerce and Industry
(e) The allowances of the soldiers posted on high altitudes will be increased.	(v) Ministry of Communications and Information Technology

Answer:
(a)—(iv), (b)—(v), (c)—(ii), (d)—(iii), (e)—(i)

Question 6.
Of all the institutions we have studied in this chapter, name the one that exercises the powers on each of the following matters.
(a) Decision on allocation of money for developing infrastructure like roads, irrigation etc. and different welfare activities for the citizens
(b) Considers the recommendation of a Committee on a law to regulate the stock exchange
(c) Decides on a legal dispute between two state governments
(d) Implements the decision to provide relief for the victims of an earthquake
Answer:
(a) The prime minister and the Council of Minister
(b) The Parliament
(c) Supreme Court of India
(d) The Civil Servants working together.

Question 7.
Why is the Prime Minister in India not directly elected by the people? Choose the most appropriate answer and give reasons for your choice.
(a) In a Parliamentary democracy only the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha can become the Prime Minister.
(b) Lok Sabha can remove the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers even before the expiry of their term.
(c) Since the Prime Minister is appointed by the President there is no need for it.
(d) Direct election of the Prime Minister will involve a lot of expenditure on elections.
Answer:
(a) Elections are not fought for the post of the Prime Minister. Only parties fight elections and the majority party’s leader becomes the Prime Minister. In a Parliamentary democracy, only the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha can become the Prime Minister.

Question 8.
A teacher was making preparations for a mock Parliament. She called two students to act as leaders of two political parties. She gave them an option: Each one could choose to have a majority either in the mock Lok Sabha or in the mock Rajya Sabha. If this choice was given to you, which one would you choose and why?
Answer:
Such films are only for entertainment purposes as real life is strikingly different. Governance in a democracy means taking everyone along with you. In addition, in a vast and diverse country like India, it is very difficult to consider only an individual’s decision. Moreover, decision implementation needs to be coordinated among various organs of the government.

Question 9.
After reading the example of the reservation order, three students had different reactions about the role of the judiciary, which view, according to you, is a correct reading of the role of the judiciary?
(a) Srinivas argues that since the Supreme Court agreed with the government, it is not independent.
(b) Anjaiah says that the judiciary is independent because it could have given a verdict against the government order. The Supreme Court did direct the government to modify it.
(c) Vijaya thinks that the judiciary is neither independent nor conformist, but acts as a mediator between opposing parties. The court struck a good balance between those who supported and those who opposed the order.
Answer:
Anjaiah’s view on the role of judiciary is correct because judiciary is independent and impartial. It is not under the control of the legislature or the executive. The judges do not act on the direction of the government or according to the wishes of the party in power.

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