Category: English Summary

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The Wonder Called Sleep Summary Class 6 English A Pact With the Sun

The Wonder Called Sleep Summary in English

What is sleep? What causes sleep? The answer is that sleep is a state of rest. It is caused by tiresome activities of the day.

What happens when we are asleep? Well, we have dreams. We remember one or two dreams and forget the rest.

What happens to our body while we are sleeping? Our heartbeat becomes slower. Our blood pressure also goes down.

What is a dream? It is an activity of the mind when we are asleep. Some dreams are believable, others are not. Many of the things that happen in dreams won’t happen when we are awake.

Dreams are important for several reasons. They help us sleep in spite of the noise or other disturbances. We keep dreaming and sleeping even when the telephone or doorbell rings.

Some doctors say that one’s dream often tells a great deal about one’s problems. They can also suggest a solution to those problems. But one thing is certain. Dreams can never tell about the future.

Sleep is the most common experience. But we rarely think about the wonder and power of sleep. Sleep makes us lose our way in a dark forest. Nobody can give a slip to sleep for long.

The Wonder Called Sleep Summary in Hindi

नींद किसे कहते हैं? नींद आने का कारण क्या होता है? उत्तर यह है कि नींद एक प्रकार की विश्राम की अवस्था है। इसका कारण होता है दिन-भर की थका देने वाली भागदौड़।

हम जब निद्रावस्था में होते हैं तो क्या होता है? हम सपने देखते हैं। हमें एक-दो सपने तो जाग जाने पर याद रह जाते हैं, शेष भूल जाते हैं।

जब हम सो रहे होते हैं तो उसका शरीर पर क्या असर होता है? हमारी हृदय गति मंद पड़ जाती है। हमारे शरीर का तापमान (रक्तचाप) भी कम हो जाता है।

सपना क्या बला है? यह मस्तिष्क की एक क्रिया है जो निद्रावस्था में होती है। कुछ सपने तो संभावित होते हैं, अन्य असंभव। सपने में घटने वाली अनेक बातें हमारी जागत अवस्था में कभी नहीं घट सकती।

सपने कई कारणों से महत्त्वपूर्ण होते हैं। वे शोरगुल अथवा अन्य विघ्न बाधाओं के बावजूद हमें सोने देते हैं। हम नींद में सपने उस समय भी देखते रहते हैं जब फोन की घंटी या काल बेल बजती है।

कुछ डॉक्टर कहते हैं कि व्यक्ति के सपने प्रायः उसकी समस्याओं से जुड़े होते हैं। सपने उन समस्याओं का समाधान भी सुझा सकते हैं। पर एक बात निश्चित है, वे कभी भविष्य की बात नहीं बताते।

नींद एक आम अनुभव है। पर हम विरले ही इसके आचर्यजनक प्रभाव तथा शक्ति पर विचार करते हैं। नींद में हम एक जैसे घने अँधेरे जंगल में रास्ता भटक रहे होते हैं। कोई भी व्यक्ति नींद से लम्बे समय तक किनारा नहीं कर सकता।

Where Do All the Teachers Go? Summary in English by Peter Dixon

Where Do All the Teachers Go? Summary in English

For a little child, his/her teacher is special, not an ordinary person. So he wonders where the teachers go after the school hours.

He wants to know if they live in houses and also wash their clothes. He wonders if they feel relaxed at home, wear pyjamas and watch TV. He is also eager to know if the teachers have their parents at home, and if they too were naughty at school, spelt the words wrongly, ate chocolates in the class, and were told to stand in the comer as punishment.

The child compares his own habits with those of the teachers in their childhood. They too must have lost their prayer book, wore dirty jeans and scribbled on the desk tops.

The child plans to follow his teacher to find out what he/she does at home. He will then record that in a poem. The teacher will read that poem to other children as a fun.

Where Do All the Teachers Go? Summary in Hindi

एक छोटे बच्चे के लिये उसका शिक्षक कोई साधारण व्यक्ति नहीं, विशेष व्यक्ति होता है। उसे हैरानी होती है कि स्कूल की छुट्टी होने के पश्चात शिक्षक जाते कहाँ हैं।

वह जानना चाहता है कि शिक्षक भी क्या घरों में रहते हैं तथा अपने वस्त्र स्वयं धोते हैं। वह सोच नहीं पाता कि क्या शिक्षक घर पर सहज हो जाते हैं, पैजामा पहन कर टी.वी. देखते हैं। वह यह जानना चाहता है कि क्या उनके भी माता-पिता घर पर होते हैं, क्या वे भी अपने विद्यार्थी जीवन में शैतानी करते थे, शब्द गलत लिखते थे, चाकलेट कक्षा में चबाते थे; तथा उन्हें दण्ड स्वरूप कक्षा के एक कोने में खड़ा कर दिया जाता था।

बच्चा अपनी आदतों की तुलना शिक्षक के बचपन की आदतों से करता है। हो सकता है शिक्षक भी अपनी प्रार्थना पुस्तिका खो देते हों, गंदी जीन्स पहनते हों तथा डेस्क के ऊपर कछ लकीरें खींचते हों।

बच्चा योजना बनाता है कि वह शिक्षक के पीछे उसके घर तक जाकर उनकी गतिविधियों की जानकारी लेगा। फिर वह जानकारी को कविताबद्ध कर देगा। शिक्षक उस पुस्तक को मजा लेने के लिये दूसरे बच्चों को पढ़कर सुनायेगा।

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The Invention of Vita-Wonk Summary in English by Roald Dahl

The Invention of Vita-Wonk by Roald Dahl About the Author

Author Name	Roald Dahl
Born	13 September 1916, Llandaff, Cardiff, United Kingdom
Died	23 November 1990, Oxford, United Kingdom
Movies	Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, Matilda
Short stories	The Landlady, Lamb to the Slaughter

The Invention of Vita-Wonk Summary in English

Part I

Mr. Willy Wonka was a scientist. He first invented a tonic Wonka-Vite which made people younger. But it was such a powerful medicine that many people disappeared after their age went in minus. One person even became minus 87. The poor fellow had to wait 87 years to come back. Willy Wonka decided to invent a new thing to undo the harm. He had to make people old.

He wanted to know what the oldest living thing in the world was or what lived longer than anything else. His assistant Charlie named tree. But the question emerged which tree. It was certainly not the fir, oak or cedar. It was a tree called Bristlecone that grew in Nevada USA. Such trees were 4000 years old. Wonka got into his Great Glass Elevator and rushed all over the world. He collected special items from the oldest living things. He took a pint of sap from the Bristlecone Pine, the toe nail clippings from a 168 year old Russian farmer, an egg laid by 200 year old tortoise, the whiskers of a 36 year old cat and so on.

Part II

Mr. Wonka tracked down very old animals and took a bit of something from each one of them. In the end he boiled and tasted the product in his inventing room. He produced one small cupful of black liquid. He gave four drops of it to a brave young volunteer, Oompa-Loompa to see what happened.

“What was the result”? Charlie asked.

Mr. Wonka said that the effect of the medicine was swift and fantastic. The moment that young man gulped down those drops, he began growing old and wrinkled. His hair dropped off and his teeth also started falling out. In an instant the twenty-year old boy became an old man of seventy- five. In this way Vita-Wonk was invented.

The Invention of Vita-Wonk Summary in Hindi

Part I

मि. विली वोंका एक वैज्ञानिक थे। उनका पहला आविष्कार था एक ऐसी औषधि जो लोगों को अपनी आयु से छोटा बना देती थी। पर यह टानिक इतना प्रामाणिक था कि कई व्यक्ति तो जब उनकी आयु कम होती (घटती) गई तो अदृश्य हो गये। एक व्यक्ति तो अपने जन्म काल से 87 वर्ष पीछे चला गया। बेचारे को पुनः अपने वर्तमान रूप में आने के लिए 87 वर्ष प्रतीक्षा करनी पड़ी। इस कारण विली वोंका ने एक नयी खोज करने की सोची जो इस नुकसान की भरपाई कर दे। उन्हें अब लोगों को अपनी आयु से बड़ा बनाना था।

वोंका के मस्तिष्क में अनेकों विचार आये। उन्हें लगा कि वह विश्व के सबसे पुराने जीवित प्राणी को खोजें। उसके साथी चार्ली ने कहा वृक्ष बहुत दिन जीवित रहते हैं पर चीर, या ओक अथवा दयार के वृक्ष नहीं। अमरीका में निवादा में ब्रिसिलकोन चीर नामक वृक्ष सबसे लम्बे समय तक नहीं मरता। ऐसी प्रजाति के कछेक वक्ष तो 400 वर्ष पुराने हैं। वोंका अपने शीशे की गाड़ी में बैठकर विश्व भ्रमण पर निकल पड़े। उन्होंने सर्वाधिक पुरानी चीजों और जीवों से कुछ विशेष चीजें पा लीं। इनमें ब्रिसिलकोन चीर के वृक्ष का रस था, 168 वर्षीय रूसी किसान के नाखूनों की कहरन थी, 200 वर्ष पुराने कछुए का अण्डा था, 36 वर्षीय बिल्ली की गलमँछे थीं और भी न जाने कितनी पुरानी चीजें थी।

Part II

मि. वोंका ने बहुत लम्बी आयु वाले जीवों की खोज की तथा उनमें से प्रत्येक से कुछ न कुछ भाग ले लिया। अंत मे उन्होंने उन्हें उबाल कर एक मिश्रण तैयार किया तथा अपने अनुसंधान कक्ष में उसका परीक्षण किया। उन्होंने एक काला द्रव से भरा प्याला तैयार कर लिया। उसकी चार बूंदे उन्होंने ऊम्पा-लूम्पा नामक वीर स्वयंसेवी युवक को प्रयोग के रूप में पिला दिया ।

क्या परिणाम हुआ,, चार्ली ने पूछा।

मि. वोंका ने बताया कि उस दवा का असर शीघ्रता से और आश्चर्य में डालने वाला साबित हुआ। जैसे ही चुनर ने उन बूंदों को गले से नीचे उतारा, वह बूढ़ा होने लगा तथा उसके चेहरे पर झुर्रियाँ आ गईं। उसके बाल गिर गये तथा दाँत भी गिरने लगे। क्षण भर में वह बीस वर्षीय युवक 75 वर्षीय वृद्ध में बदल गया। इस प्रकार से वोंका ने आयु बढ़ाने वाली दवा की खोज की।

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The Monkey and the Crocodile Summary in English by Paul Galdone

Author Name	Paul Galdone
Born	2 June 1907, Budapest, Hungary
Died	7 November 1986, Nyack, New York, United States
Education	The Art Students League of New York
Awards	Caldecott Medal

The Monkey and the Crocodile Summary in English

Once there lived a monkey in a fruit tree on a river bank. He was happy but he felt lonely. He wanted to have a companion to talk to.

One day a crocodile appeared on the riverside. The monkey offered him fruits. He made friends with him.

The crocodile visited the monkey regularly. He took the fruits home also for his wife. Soon the two became the best of friends. They talked about birds, animals and the difficulties of the villagers.

One day the crocodile overstayed with the monkey. His wife became angry with him. She wanted to know who his friend was and why he was so fond of him. The crocodile told him about the monkey and his generous nature. Now his wife wanted to eat the heart of such a good monkey. The crocodile resisted. At this his wife dived in to hide herself at the bottom of the river.

The crocodile found himself in trouble. He loved his friend but he loved his wife more. He decided to please his wife. He planned to invite the monkey home for dinner.

He made the offer to the monkey. The monkey accepted the invitation gladly. Since he could not swim, he agreed to ride on the crocodile’s back.

In the middle of the river, the current was veiy strong. The crocodile told the monkey about his wife’s demand.

The clever monkey kept his head cool. He agreed to meet the demand of the friend’s wife. But he played a trick. He said that he had left his heart behind on the tree.

The foolish crocodile turned to swim back to the tree on the river bank. The monkey at once jumped on to the tree. He thus saved his life by using his wit. He broke his friendship with the crocodile for good.

The Monkey and the Crocodile Summary in Hindi

किसी समय नदी किनारे एक फलदार वृक्ष पर एक बन्दर रहता था। वह खुश था पर वह अकेलापन महसूस करता था। बातें करने के लिये उसे एक साथी की ज़रूरत थी।

एक दिन एक मगरमच्छ नदी किनारे आ गया। बन्दर ने उसे फल खाने को दिये। दोनों मित्र हो गये।

मगरमच्छ बन्दर से मिलने नियमित रूप से आने लगा। वह अपनी पत्नी के लिए भी अपने घर फल लाया करता था। बहुत जल्दी वे दोनों पक्के साथी बन गये। वे पक्षियों, पशुओं तथा गाँव वालों की कठिनाइयों की चर्चा करते रहते थे।

एक दिन मगरमच्छ अपने मित्र के पास कुछ अधिक समय तक ठहर गया। उसकी पत्नी आगबबूला हो गई। उसने मगरमच्छ से पूछा वह कौन-सा मित्र है जिसके साथ उसकी नजदीकियाँ इतनी बढ़ गई हैं। अपनी पत्नी को बंदर और उसकी उदार प्रतनि के बारे में मगरमच्छ ने बताया। इस पर उसने इच्छा व्यक्त की कि वह ऐसे अच्छे बन्दर का दिल खाना चाहती है। मगरमच्छ ने विरोध किया। पत्नी ने क्रोधावेश में नदी तल में डुबकी लगा ली।

मगरमच्छ संकट में पड़ गया। उसे मित्र प्यारा था पर पत्नी अधिक प्रिय थी। उसने अपनी पत्नी को खुश करने का निर्णय लिया। उसने बन्दर को अपने घर भोजन पर बुलाने का निर्णय ले लिया।

उसने यह निमन्त्रण बन्दर को दिया। बन्दर ने इसे सहर्ष स्वीकार कर लिया। चूँकि वह तैर नहीं सकता था, वह मगर की पीठ पर सवार होकर जाने को सहमत हो गया।

नदी के बीच में पहुँचकर जहाँ जल प्रवाह बहुत तेज था, मगरमच्छ ने बन्दर को अपनी पत्नी की माँग के बारे में बताया।

चतुर बन्दर ने कोई क्रोध नहीं दिखाया। वह अपने मित्र की पत्नी की माँग पूरी करने पर राजी हो गया। पर उसने एक चाल चली। वह बोला, “मैं तो अपना दिल वृक्ष पर ही रख आया हूँ।”

मूर्ख मगरमच्छ नदी तट पर लगे वृक्ष के पास जाने को मुड़ गया। बन्दर तुरन्त उछल कर वृक्ष पर चढ़ गया। इस प्रकार उसने अपनी प्राण रक्षा बुद्धि बल से कर ली। उसने मगरमच्छ से सदा के लिये अपनी मित्रता तोड़ दी।

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The Old-Clock Shop Summary Class 6 English A Pact With the Sun

The Old-Clock Shop Summary in English

It was Christmas Eve. Ray’s old-clock shop was still open even at that late hour. The old and deaf owner was repairing a clock he had sold that veiy day.

He stood up to close the shop. Just then he saw two men coming to his shop. One was in his twenties, the other was close to fifty. The younger one stayed at the door. The older man did not seem friendly.

Ray kept his head cool. He wrote on a paper how he might help him. He pointed to the board with old-clocks and watches hanging on it. He did not lend money on security. But he was gentle enough to help the needy.

The older man took out his wrist watch from his pocket. He asked how much the shopkeeper would give him for that. He was surely in a bad situation. His great need had brought him to Ray’s shop.

Ray was very kind and generous. He loaned more than the watch was worth for. He pulled out a fifty dollar note from the cash box. He put it into the man’s hand. They both knew that the watch wasn’t worth that much.

The man before walking out of the shop wrote that he would be back to take away his watch soon. He also wrote ‘Merry Christmas’.

Soon the clocks struck the midnight hour all together. They gave timeless message of peace, hope and goodwill in the world.

The Old-Clock Shop Summary in Hindi

क्रिसमस की पूर्व संध्या थी। पुरानी घड़ियों की दुकान का मालिक रे अभी भी दुकान खोले बैठा था। वह बूढ़ा तथा बहरा था और उसी दिन उसने जो घड़ी बेची थी उसकी मरम्मत कर रहा था।

__वह दूकान बन्द करने हेतु खड़ा हो गया। तभी उसने दो व्यक्तियों को दूकान की ओर आते देखा। एक बीस वर्ष से अधिक आयु का था और दूसरा पचास के आसपास था। छोटी आयु वाला व्यक्ति दुकान के दरवाजे पर ठहरा रहा। बड़ी आयु वाला व्यक्ति कोई मित्रवत् न था।

रे ने अपना दिमाग ठण्डा रखा। उसने एक कागज़ पर लिखकर पूछा, “मैं आपकी किस प्रकार मदद कर सकता हूँ।” उसने एक बोर्ड की ओर इशारा किया जिस पर पुराने घण्टे और घड़ियाँ लटकी थीं। वह कोई गिरवी रखने वाला व्यक्ति न था। पर वह बहुत सौम्य था और जरूरतमंदों की मदद करने को तैयार रहता था।

अधिक बूढ़े व्यक्ति ने अपनी जेब से हाथ-घड़ी निकाली। उसने पूछा, “आप इस घड़ी की मुझे कितनी कीमत दे सकते हैं?” निश्चित रूप से वह आर्थिक तंगी में था। उसकी ज़रूरत ही उसे रे की दुकान पर ले आई थी।

रे बहुत दयालु तथा उदार था। वह घड़ी के मूल्य से अधिक पैसा उधार दे देता था। उसने अपने कैश बाक्स से पचास डालर का एक नोट निकाला। इसे उसने उस ग्राहक के हाथ में थमा दिया। दोनों व्यक्ति जानते थे कि घड़ी इतने मूल्य की नहीं है।

उस व्यक्ति ने दुकान से बाहर निकलने के पूर्व कागज़ पर लिख दिया कि मैं शीघ्र ही इस घड़ी को वापस लेने आऊँगा। उसने साथ ही ‘शुभ क्रिसमस’ भी लिख दिया।

शीघ्र ही दुकान पर टँगी सभी घड़ियों ने रात के बारह घंटे एक साथ बजाये। उन्होंने मानो विश्व में शांति, आशा तथा सद्भावना का अमर संदेश दिया।

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An Indian American Woman in Space Kalpana Chawla Summary

An Indian American Woman in Space Kalpana Chawla Summary in English

In 1997, an Indian-American girl, Kalpana Chawla made history. She went up into space. She was part of international crew in the U.S. space shuttle. She was the first India- born woman to go into space.

But she met with a tragedy. The space shuttle Columbia carrying Kalpana went up in flames on 1 February 2003. The shuttle was returning to earth. She had stayed in space for 16 days.

Kalpana was bom in Kamal, Haryana. She had never, as a child, dreamed of such a flight in space. She got a degree in aeronautical engineering in India. Then she went to the United States for a master’s degree.

Kalpana became a naturalised U.S. citizen after her marriage with Harrison. She also qualified as a pilot. In 1994 she was selected as an astronaut.

Kalpana’s first space mission in Columbia lasted nearly 16 days. She went around the earth 252 times. The news about the Columbia’s disaster came in 2003. There was shock and disbelief in her home town.

She was truly a brave and bright girl. Her achievement was wonderful. Her story became an inspiration for millions of young Indians. She gave a message from the space shuttle, to Chandigarh students. She said, ‘There always exists a path from dreams to success. Only you need to have the courage to go after your dream”.

An Indian American Woman in Space Kalpana Chawla Summary in Hindi

1997 में एक भारतीय मूल की अमरीकी लड़की कल्पना चावला ने इतिहास बनाया। वह अंतरिक्ष में पहुँच गई। वह अमरीकी अंतरिक्ष यान के अंतर्राष्ट्रीय दल की सदस्य थी। वह अंतरिक्ष में जाने वाली पहली भारतीय नारी थी।

पर उसका एक दुर्घटना में अंत हो गया। अंतरिक्ष यान कोलंबिया जिसमें कल्पना बैठी थी, 1 फरवरी 2003 में आग की लपटों में भस्म हो गया। यह यान धरती की ओर लौट रहा था। कल्पना 16 दिनों तक अंतरिक्ष में बनी रही थी।

कल्पना का जन्म हरियाणा के करनाल जिले में हुआ था। उसने बचपन में कभी ऐसी उड़ान की कल्पना भी नहीं की थी। उसने वायुयान संबंधी विषय में इंजीनियरिंग की डिग्री भारत में प्राप्त की थी। फिर वह अमरीका अपनी मास्टर्स डिग्री लेने के लिये चली गई।

कल्पना ने वहाँ हेरीसन से विवाह करके अमरीकी नागरिकता हासिल कर ली। उसने यान चालक का भी कोर्स पूरा कर लिया। 1994 में उसका अंतरिक्ष यात्री के रूप में चयन हो गया।

कल्पना ने कोलंबिया यान में पहली यात्रा लगभग 16 दिन की थी। उसने 252 बार धरती की परिक्रमा की। कोलंबिया की दुर्घटना का समाचार 2003 में आया। करनाल के लोगों को ऐसी ठेस लगी कि वे इस पर सहसा विश्वास नहीं कर सके। __ वह सचमुच एक प्रतिभाशाली वीरांगना थी। उसकी उपलब्धि अद्भुत थी। उसकी कहानी लाखों भारतीय युवावर्ग के लिये एक प्रेरणा स्रोत बन गयी। उसने अंतरिक्ष यान से एक संदेश चंडीगढ़ के छात्रों को दिया। वह बोली ‘सपने से सफलता पाने तक का मार्ग सदैव खुला रहता है। केवल आपको अपने सपने को साकार करने के लिये साहस की ज़रूरत है।’

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The Shepherds Treasure Summary Class 6 English A Pact With the Sun

The Shepherds Treasure Summary in English

Once there lived a shepherd in Iran. He was veiy poor and illiterate. He had never been to any school.

Though he was poor and uneducated, he was very wise. He helped the people with his common-sense and sound advice. Soon he became famous for his wisdom.

The king of Iran heard about him. He decided to test the man. He dressed himself as a shepherd. He met the shepherd in his cave. The shepherd welcomed him. He shared his simple meal with the king, and talked wisely.

The king was greatly surprised as well as pleased. He appointed the shepherd the governor of a district.

The shepherd got power as well as high status. But he remained simple, just and hardworking. He was loved and honoured by the people.

The governors of other provinces became jealous of him. They spoke against him to the king. They reported that the new governor was dishonest and kept for himself part of the money that he collected as tax from the people. They added that his iron box contained his treasure.

The shepherd always carried his box with him. The king called him to the palace. He ordered him to open the box. The jealous governors saw only an old blanket in the box. They felt small. The king asked why the new governor carried his old blanket with him. The shepherd said that his blanket was his oldest friend. It would protect him if at any time, His Majesty took away his new cloak.

The king was very pleased with his humility and honesty. He made him the governor of a much bigger province that very day.

The Shepherds Treasure Summary in Hindi

किसी समय ईरान में एक गड़रिया रहता था। वह बहुत निर्धन तथा अनपढ़ था। वह कभी स्कूल गया ही न था।

यद्यपि वह गरीब और निरक्षर था, पर बुद्धिमान बहुत अधिक था। वह लोगों की सहायता अपनी सामान्य बुद्धि तथा सही सलाह देकर किया करता था। कुछ ही दिनों में वह अपनी बुद्धिमत्ता के लिये विख्यात हो गया।

ईरान के राजा ने उसकी चर्चा सुनी। उसने उस गड़रिये की परीक्षा लेने का विचार किया। उसने चरवाहे का भेष धारण कर लिया। वह गड़रिये की गुफा में उससे मिलने पहुंच गया। गड़रिये ने राजा का स्वागत किया। उसने अपना सादा भोजन राजा को खिलाया तथा बहुत बुद्धिमानीपूर्ण बातें कीं।

राजा आश्चर्यचकित तथा बहुत हर्षित हुआ। उसने गड़रिये को एक जिले या प्रांत का राज्यपाल बना दिया।

गड़रिये को सत्ता और ऊँचा पद दोनों ही मिल गये। पर वह पहले जैसा सादा, न्यायप्रिय तथा परिश्रमी बना रहा। लोग उसे प्यार करने तथा उसका आदर करने लगे।

अन्य प्रांतों के राज्यपाल उसके प्रति ईर्ष्या से भर गये। उन्होंने राजा से नये गवर्नर की शिकायत की। उन्होंने सूचना दी कि नया राज्यपाल बेईमान है। वह लोगों से वसूले गए टैक्स का कुछ भाग अपने पास रख लेता है वह अपना खजाना एक लोहे की पेटी में सदा साथ रखता है।

गड़रिया अपनी पेटी सदा साथ लिये चलता था। राजा ने उसे महल में बुलाया। उसने वह पेटी खुलवाई। ईर्ष्यालु राज्यपालों ने उस पेटी में केवल एक पुराना कंबल निकलते देखा। वे लज्जित हो गये। राजा ने नये राज्यपाल से पूछा, “तुम इस पुराने कंबल को साथ क्यों लिये रहतें हो।” गड़रिये ने कहा, “यह पुराना कंबल ही मेरा सबसे पुराना मित्र है। जब भी आप मुझसे मेरी पोशाक उतरवा लेंगे, यह कंबल ही मेरी शीत से रक्षा करेगा।”

राजा उसकी विनम्रता और ईमानदारी से बहुत प्रसन्न हो गया। उसने उसे एक बहुत विशाल प्रान्त का गवर्नर उसी दिन नियुक्त कर दिया।

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Footprints without Feet Summary in English by Herbert George Wells

Footprints without Feet by Herbert George Wells About the Author

Author Name	Herbert George Wells
Born	21 September 1866, Bromley High Street, London, United Kingdom
Died	13 August 1946, The Regent’s Park, London, United Kingdom
Short stories	The Country of the Blind, The Red Room, The Star
Movies	War of the Worlds, The Time Machine, The Invisible Man

Footprints without Feet Summary in English

Griffin, an eccentric scientist discovered a rare drug. This could make a human body invisible. His landlord did not like him. He decided to take revenge on him. One day he set his landlord’s house on fire. Then he drank his rare drug and removed off his clothes. Now, he could see everyone but none could see him. He was safe from being caught. But he was without clothes and it was very cold.

He passed the night in a London store. He stole goods and money from the store. Then he went to a village called Iping. He stayed at an inn. He stole the landlord’s money. A policeman named Jaffers was called. A strange fight took place. Griffin took off his bandages, his glasses and his hat. Now, he looked headless. People were horrified. Griffin hit the policeman. He got free and ran away.

Footprints without Feet Summary Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Why were the two boys in London surprised?
Answer:
The two boys in London were surprised and fascinated because they saw the fresh muddy impressions of a pair of bare feet on the steps of a house in London. The man was not in sight (not visible anywhere).

Question 2.
What happened when Griffin didn’t wake up on time? How did he escape from the London store?
Answer:
Griffin was still sleeping when the assistants arrived and stared towards him. When Griffin saw two of them approaching, he panicked and began to run. They chased him. He escaped from the London store after taking off his clothes. He became invisible and naked once again.

Question 3.
What experiments did Griffin carry out? What was the final result of these experiments?
Answer:
Griffin was a brilliant scientist. He conducted many experiments and discovered a drug which if swallowed could make a person invisible. Griffin misused his invention for his personal gains and selfish ends. He became invisible and got involved in lawlessness.

Question 4.
Mr Griffin entered the shop of the theatrical company. What did he do there?
Answer:
He wore bandages around his forehead. Then he put on dark glasses, false nose, big bushy side whiskers and a large hat. He escaped from there after attacking the shopkeeper from behind and robbing him of all the money.

Question 5.
What happened to the people who tried to help the constable in catching the invisible man?
Answer:
The people who tried to help the constable in catching the invisible man found themselves hit by blows that seemed to come from nowhere.

Question 6.
Why did Griffin slip into a big London store? What did he do inside the shop?
Answer:
Griffin was wandering on the streets of London in mid-winter. The air outside was chilling cold and he needed clothes to save himself from this unbearable weather. Griffin decided to enter a London store. Griffin broke open the boxes and wrappers and dressed himself in warm clothes. He ate cold meat and had coffee in the restaurant followed by sweets and wine from the grocery store.

Question 7.
Why were the landlord and his wife surprised to see the scientist’s door wide open?
Answer:
Griffin always kept his door shut and locked from inside. If anybody entered the room, he was angry. But that morning the door of his room was wide open. This surprised the landlord and his wife.

Question 8.
Three extraordinary things happened in the room. What were they?
Answer:
The following three things happened in the room

• Mrs Hall heard a sniff quite close to her ears.
• The hat on the bedpost leapt up and dashed into her face.
• The bedroom chair sprang into the air and pushed them out of the room.

Question 9.
What did the scientist do when he became furious? Why were the people in the bar horrified?
Answer:
He threw off his bandages, whiskers, spectacles, and even nose in a minute and became headless. The people in the bar were horrified to see “a headless man”.

Question 10.
Why did Griffin set the landlord’s house on fire?
Answer:
He set his landlord’s house on fire as the landlord wanted to throw him out because of his bad behaviour.

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Glimpses of India Summary Class 10 English First Flight

Glimpses of India Part 1 Summary

A Baker From Goa Summary

‘A Baker from Goa’ is a pen portrait of a traditional Goan village baker who still has an important place in his society. The narrator is travelling through the memory lane thinking about the loaves of bread a baker delivered every morning. The baker, who visited the narrator’s place, was like a friend, companion and guide. His visits were always a welcome one. He wore a traditional dress and collected his bills at the end of the month. The ladies in the house used to prepare sandwiches, cakes and bolinhas for different occasions.

Glimpses of India Part 2 Summary

Coorg Summary

The writer has depicted the beauty of Coorg which is the smallest district of Karnataka. It attracts many visitors as it is in the lap of nature. This place is more fascinating because of the sweet aroma of a variety of spices. Today this culture is a mixture of Greek or Arab and the local people. Coorgi people are known for their valour and boasts of the most decorated army personnel. It abounds in flora and fauna. The Brahmagiri hills present a panoramic view. The fascinating beauty of Coorg refreshes one’s heart and soul.

Glimpses of India Part 3 Summary

Tea From Assam Summary

Tea from Assam’ is an interesting and informative lesson about tea plantation, its history and its significance. The writer has tried to make it interesting by using a dialogue method. Two young boys Pranjol and Rajvir are going to Assam. Rajvir is excited as he passes through tea gardens and wants to share his knowledge with Pranjol. They talk about various Indian and Chinese legends behind tea. Rajvir tells Pranjol a very interesting story of a Chinese emperor who discovered tea by chance.

He also tells Pranjol another story which is very strange and illogical. This story tells us about the growing up of tea leaves out of the eyelids of a monk. Thus, through these interesting dialogues, the writer has attempted to develop a sense of curiosity among the young readers.

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The Beggar Summary in English by Anton Chekhov

The Beggar by Anton Chekhov About the Author

Anton Pavlovich Chekov was a Russian playwright and short story writer. Chekov shared a strained relationship with his abusive father and this influenced his writing. After his father went bankrupt, Chekov had to pay for his own education by selling his family’s possessions, tutoring and selling short sketches to newspapers. After enrolling in a medical school, he became the sole financial support for his family. After he became a physician, he continued writing and eventually started gaining popularity. Chekov’s works have established him as one of the most famous figures in literature, hailed for his contribution to the form of the modem short story. He also wrote plays, many of which continue to be staged all over the world. His simple style of writing, his probing of human nature and his refusal to provide easy solutions continue to make his works relevant even today.

Author Name	Anton Pavlovich Chekhov
Born	29 January 1860, Taganrog, Russia
Died	15 July 1904, Badenweiler, Germany
Books	The Lady with the Dog, Stories of Anton Chekhov
Short stories	The Chameleon, Misery, Gooseberries

The Beggar Summary in English

The story begins with a beggar’s pleas to an advocate, Sergei. The beggar says that he has not eaten in three days. For eight years he was a village schoolteacher and fell victim to a conspiracy that cost him his reputation and his job. For a year he has had no employment. Sergei looks at the beggar’s overcoat and face; he thinks he has seen him elsewhere.

The beggar further explains that he has been offered a position in the province of Kaluga; but to take it up, he needs money. Sergei observes the beggar’s overshoes: one is higher than the other. He suddenly remembers where he had seen the beggar before. He tells the beggar that two days ago, he had met him In Sadovya Street and the latter had claimed that he had been a student who had been expelled. The beggar is surprised and claims that he has papers to prove that he was a village schoolteacher. Sergei turns away from him, disgusted.

Sergei says that for this fraud, he will call the police. At this, the beggar confesses that he used to be part of a Russian choir and had been expelled for drunkenness. He says he has no choice but to lie as no will help him if he tells them the truth.

Sergei tells him to work; he asks the beggar if he would like to chop wood for him. The beggar accepts. Sergei takes the beggar home and tells his cook, Olga, to take him to the woodshed. It becomes apparent from the beggar’s body language that he has accepted this job only out of pride and shame and not because he wants to work. It is also apparent that the beggar has become frail because of drinking vodka and does not have the slightest will to do hard work.

Sergei observes Olga and the beggar from the window in the dining room. He sees them making their way through the snow to the woodshed. Olga does not seem to take kindly to the beggar. Upon reaching the shed,

Olga shoves the beggar aside with her elbow and angrily bangs the door. He then sees the beggar seat himself upon a log and look lost in thought. Olga flings an axe at his feet, spits angrily and appears to be scolding him. At this point, the beggar begins to make half-hearted attempts to chop a piece of wood. By now Sergei’s anger has vanished and he begins to feel ashamed at having sent a spoiled, drunken and perhaps sick man to do hard labour in the cold weather.

After an hour, Olga informs Sergei that all the wood has been chopped. Sergei tells her to pay the beggar half a rouble and also tell him that he can come back to cut wood on the first day of every month. There would always be work for him to.

On the first date of the next month, the waif comes to chop wood and earns half a rouble again, though he can barely stand steady on his feet. After that, he returns to Sergei’s yard many times and is given work every time— he shovels snow, organises the woodshed and dusts the rugs and mattresses. Every time he is paid 20 to 40 copecks, and one time he is also given a pair of old trousers. When Sergei moves to a new house, the waif is hired to help with the packing and moving of furniture. This time, he comes silent, sober and gloomy. He does not even pretend to be working. He shivers in the cold and becomes embarrassed when the carters laugh at his behaviour and his tattered overcoat.

Sergei sends for him and says he is happy that the waif is working and is sober. He asks the latter for his name. The waif says his name is Lushkoff. Sergei offers him a better job and asks Lushkoff if he can write. When Lushkoff says that he can write, Sergei asks him to take a letter to someone the next day where he will be given copying work. Sergei reminds him to work hard, be sober and remember his words. Sergei is happy at having set Lushkoff on the right path. Lushkoff takes the letter and after that day, does not return to work for Sergei.

Two years go by. One day, when Sergei is buying tickets at a theatre’s ticket window, he notices a small man beside him, wearing a coat collar of curly fur and a worn sealskin cap. This man timidly asks for a ticket and pays in copper coins. Sergei realises this man is Lushkoff and asks him what he has been doing. Lushkoff says he is doing well; he is a notary and earns 35 roubles a month. Sergei is delighted and tells Lushkoff that he is almost like a godson to him. He reminds Lushkoff of the scolding he had given him and thanks him for not forgetting his words.

Lushkoff thanks Sergei as well and says that had it not been for Sergei’s help, Lushkoff would probably still be lying and begging. He expresses his gratitude to Sergei but says that it was Olga who saved him. He explains that when he used to go to Sergei’s house, Olga would sit opposite him, become sad and weep saying that Lushkoff was an unfortunate drunkard who would find no happiness in this life or the next. She would cry and be miserable, but most importantly, she would chop the wood for him. He confesses that he never chopped a single piece of wood and that she had done it all. He cannot explain how this act changed him and saved him. All he knows is that her words and kind deeds changed his heart; set him on the right path and he would never forget that. Then the theatre’s bell rings and Lushkoff bows and goes inside the gallery.

The Beggar Title

The title ‘The Beggar’ is symbolic. On the surface, it appears to be a story about a beggar, a young man who had no aim or ambition, who had taken to lying to make some money. He is fully entrenched in thisTife until he is redeemed by the compassion of a lady who feels so sorry for him that she sheds tears and works in his stead so that he can earn money and save himself from starvation. The transformation that takes place due to her kindness forms the crux of the story. Thus, the title is thought-provoking, as it leaves the reader to dwell on the human failing of judging people and labelling them for life.

The Beggar Setting

The story is set in a city of the erstwhile USSR. The story spans a period of two years with most of the action concentrated in the winter months.

The Beggar Theme

The story revolves around the theme of kindness and compassion. It also highlights the human failing of being judgmental and labelling people, while highlighting the ability of a person to change with the right motivation.

The Beggar Message

The strongest message of the story is the effect that kindness can have on another human being. It shows how a selfless act can have a life-changing effect on the receiver, to the extent that it gives him the incentive to change a way of life that he had become entrapped in.

The Beggar Characters

The Beggar, Lushkoff: The character of Lushkoff undergoes a great transformation during the story. Initially, he appears to be a good for nothing liar, whose only work is to get some money to buy himself a few drinks.

He is thin, emaciated, with a waif-like appearance, weak and listless. He dressed in cast-off clothes and shoes. However, as the story progresses, his character transforms. He becomes sober and accepts Sergei’s offer of working as a copier with his friend. By the end of the story, we find him wearing a coat collar of fur, and a work sealskin cap, buying himself a seat at the theatre. From a beggar, he has become a notary earning 35 Roubles a month. He remains grateful to Sergei, and especially to his cook Olga, who he reveals actually did all the work Sergei had paid him to do. He reveals that it was the selflessness and nobility of the cook that saved his life and inspired him to become a better person. Her empathy and the tears she shed for his sake had helped him change.

Sergei: He is a wealthy advocate with a kind heart. Though he is observant enough to recognise the beggar, he offers him some work at his house in return for money. He even offers the beggar a way of redeeming himself by giving him odd jobs to do. In the end he sends him to him friend, who needs someone to do some copying work. This helps the man to get a stable job and make a decent living.

At first, he takes the credit for the beggar’s transformation, but later he is humble enough to accept that though he provided the opportunity, it was his cook Olga who deserved the credit for inspiring the beggar to change. Sergei appears to be a practical man who tries to stop Lushkoff from begging by giving him an alternative method of earning a living. He is also resourceful as he keeps engaging Lushkoff in different tasks, which are helpful for both the beggar and him.

The Cook: The cook is the most noble and compassionate character in the story. Initially, she appears to be angry with the arrival of the beggar, and seems to ill-treat and abuse him. In reality, however, she is the one performs all the tasks for the beggar and lets him take the credit and money for them. She is empathetic to the extent that she cries seeing the state the beggar is in, and his fate if he continues to be a wastrel and drunkard. It is her selflessness and compassion that brings about a change in the beggar’s character. Because of her empathy, he is able to remain sober and starts working hard, becoming a notary earning a stable salary within two years. She is thus able to save the life of the beggar, even though she isn’t actually aware of the profound effect she has on him.

The Beggar Summary Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What is the excuse that the beggar gives Sergei for begging when he meets him for the second time?
Answer:
He says he had been a village schoolmaster for eight years but had lost his job due to intrigues at his place of work. He had not eaten for three days and had no money for lodging. ^

Question 2.
How did Sergei respond to the beggar’s request for money?
Answer:
He looked closely at him and recognised him as the same person who he had seen on Sadovya Street a few days back, when he had introduced himself as a student who had been expelled.

Question 3.
Why was Sergei disgusted with the beggar?
Answer:
He was disgusted at his dishonesty because he had seen him on another street pretending that he had was an expelled student in need of money, and now he claimed to be a village schoolmaster who had lost his job due to intrigues at the school. His lies disgusted Sergei.

Question 4.
What was the beggar’s real identity?
Answer:
He had been part of the Russian choir, but had lost his place there due to drunkenness.

Question 5.
How does the beggar react to Sergei’s offer to chop wood for him in return for money?
Answer:
The beggar accepts the offer readily and follows Sergei home. He says that he can’t refuse because in those days even skilled woodcutters found themselves sitting without food and work.

Question 6.
Who did Sergei hand over the beggar to on reaching home? What were his instructions?
Answer:
He called his cook, Olga, and handed over the beggar to her. He asked her to take him to the wood-shed and get him to chop some wood.

Question 7.
Why has the beggar been described as a scarecrow?
Answer:
He has been described as a scarecrow because he was as thin as a scarecrow and shabbily dressed in ill- fitting, mismatched clothes.

Question 8.
What was the real reason the beggar agreed to work for the writer?
Answer:
The real reason was that he was a proud man and he felt ashamed at having been trapped by his own words in front of Sergei. He wanted to prove that he could do honest work when given the opportunity.

Question 9.
How did the narrator realise that the beggar had not come willingly with him?
Answer:
The narrator realised this from his gait. He shrugged his shoulders as if in perplexity and went irresolutely after the cook. It was also obvious that he was unhealthy and under the influence of liquor. It did not seem as though he had the strength to chop wood.

Question 10.
How did Olga react to the beggar?
Answer:
She glanced at the beggar with anger, shoved him aside with her elbow, unlocked the shed and angrily banged the door. She then flung down an axe at his feet, spat angrily and appeared to be scolding him.

We have decided to create the most comprehensive English Summary that will help students with learning and understanding.

Coorg Summary in English by Lokesh Abrol

Coorg Summary in English

The writer has depicted the beauty of Coorg which is the smallest district of Karnataka. It attracts many visitors as it is in the lap of nature. This place is more fascinating because of the sweet aroma of a variety of spices. Today this culture is a mixture of Greek or Arab and the local people. Coorgi people are known for their valour and boasts of the most decorated army personnel. It abounds in flora and fauna. The Brahmagiri hills present a panoramic view. The fascinating beauty of Coorg refreshes one’s heart and soul.

Coorg Summary Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Where is Coorg located? Why is Coorg called the land of the rolling hills?
Answer:
Coorg is the smallest district of Karnataka. It is situated midway between Mysore and the coastal town of Mangalore. It is a land of rolling hills and picturesque landscape. Coorg is a coffee country famous for its hills, rainforests and spices. It is surrounded by hills and covered with rainforests. Because of numerous hills, the city is also called the land of rolling hills.

Question 2.
What is Kodagu? Why is it famous?
Answer:
Kodagu is another name of Coorg, the smallest district of Karnataka. It is famous for its coffee gardens, spices and rainforests. It is also famous for its brave people and culture.

Question 3.
What is the most suitable weather for the visitors to visit Coorg? Why?
Answer:
The most suitable weather for the visitors begins in the month of September and continues till March. Coorg is covered with rainforests which keep the visitors away during the monsoon. The weather is – perfect during the months of September to May.

Question 4.
What is the origin of the people of Coorg?
Answer:
According to one story, the people of Coorg are the descent of Greek. The army of Alexander settled here and expanded their families by marrying the locals. According to other belief, the people of Coorg are the descent of the Arabs as their dress resembles the Kuffia worn by the Arabs.

Question 5.
What is the story regarding the Greek origin of the people of Coorg?
Answer:
According to one story, a part of Alexander’s army moved south along the coast and settled here when return became impractical. These people married amongst the locals and expanded their family. Hence, it is believed that the people of Coorg are possibly of Greek descent.

Question 6.
What is Kuppia? How does it make the Kodavus close to the Arabs?
Answer:
‘Kuppia’ is a long, black coat with embroidered waist belt worn by the people of Coorg. It is very similar to Kuffia worn by the Arabs.

Question 7.
What are the two contradictory traits of the character of the Kodavus?
Answer:
The people of Coorg are peace-loving people. They are known for their hospitality and tradition. On the other hand, they are also known for their bravery. They are the only people in India who are permitted to carry firearms without a licence.

Question 8.
Why are the Kodavus permitted to carry firearms without a licence?
Answer:
Kodavus, the people of Coorg, are known for their loyalty and bravery. The Coorg regiment is one of the most celebrated regiments in the Indian Army. The people of Coorg are the only one in India who are allowed to carry firearms without licence.

Question 9.
The Coorgis are known for their hospitality. They are friendly and caring. Which of their qualities one must inculcate in one’s life? What makes them so loveable?
Answer:
Coorgis are well known for their courage, bravery and hospitality. They are very warm people who entertain and look after their guests as family members. They are always willing to recount numerous tales of valour when in the company of their guests. It shows that they want their guests to feel at home by sharing the tales from their lives. We learn to be friendly, caring and sensitive to the need of others. They follow the age-old Indian tradition of ‘Athithi Devo Bhav’. Guests are not considered as burden. They provide them with all the comforts, and make them feel at home. The warmth in their behaviour makes them loveable.