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CBSE Sample Papers for Class 9 Social Science Paper 1

March 15, 2023

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 9 Social Science Paper 1 are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 9 Social Science Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 9 Social Science Paper 1.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 9 Social Science Paper 1

Board	CBSE
Class	IX
Subject	Social Science
Sample Paper Set	Paper 1
Category	CBSE Sample Papers

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 12 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme, as prescribed by the CBSE, is given here. Paper 1 of Solved CBSE Sample Papers for Class 9 Social Science is given below with free PDF download solutions.

Time: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions

(i) The question paper has 27 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
(ii) Marks are indicated against each question.
(iii) Questions from serial number 1 to 7 are very short answer questions. Each question carries 1 mark.
(iv) Questions from serial number 8 to 18 are 3 marks questions. Answer of these questions should not exceed 80 words each.
(v) Questions from serial number 19 to 25 are 5 marks questions. Answer of these questions should not exceed 100 words each.
(vi) Question number 26 and 27 are map questions of 2 marks from History and 3 marks from Geography. After completion, attach the maps inside the answer book

Questions

Question 1:
When did Louis XVI came to power in France?

Question 2:
What was the immediate cause to the end of Second World War?

Question 3:
What do you mean by office memorandum?

Question 4:
Write the longitudinal extent of India.

Question 5:
Name the different non-farm activities in the village Palampur.

Question 6:
What do you mean by the term human capital formation.

Question 7:
Why is poverty a challenge for India?

Question 8:
Comment on the middle class in French society.
(a) This social group emerged in france in the 18th century and made money through an expanding overseas trade and by manufacturing goods like woolen and silk textiles.
(b) This social group along with merchants and manufacturers, included professionals like lawyers and administrative officials.
(c) They were educated people and believed that no group in the society should be privileged by birth and a person’s position in the society should be based on his merit.

Question 9:
What changes were brought about the Bolsheviks after the October revolution?

Question 10:
Democracy plays a positive and vital role in improving the quality of decision making. Explain.

Question 11:
What is a constitution? Write its importance in a country.

Question 12:
Define code of conduct. How did it control the activities of political parties and candidates?3

Question 13:
Write a note on Godavari basin.

Question 14:
Give reasons for the following:
(a) India receives maximum rainfall over a few months.
(b) The eastern coast receives winter rainfall.
(c) Break in monsoon

Question 15:
The village Palampur has almost all the basic facilities. Comment.

Question 16:
Write a note on the three sectors based on the economic activities.

Question 17:
What are the basic features of MNREGA 2005.

Question 18:
How is the seasonal hunger different from chronic hunger ?

Question 19:
What were the consequences of Nazism in Germany.

Question 20:
Was the Commercial farming responsible for a decline in forest cover during colonial period? Explain.
OR
Comment on the movement of pastoral nomads in India.
OR
Critically analyze the enclosure movement in England

Question 21:
How are political executives different from permanent executives?

Question 22:
What are the different rights provided under the right to freedom?

Question 23:
Compare the tropical evergreen forests and tropical deciduous forest.

Question 24:
What is migration? Discuss the factors of migration.

Question 25:
Discuss the composition of the food security system in India.

Question 26:
Identify these features with the help of the following information and write their correct names on the lines marked on the outline map of world:
(a) One of the central powers of the first world war.
(b) One of the allied powers of the second world war.

Question 27:
On the given political outline map of India. Locate and label the following features with appropriate symbols:
(a) Tropic of cancer.
(b) Tapi river
(c) State having literacy rate.

Answers

Answer 1:
Louis XVI of the Bourbon family came to power in France in 1774.

Answer 2:
The Second World War ended in May 1945 when the atom bomb was dropped on Hiroshima in Japan by the USA and Hitler was defeated.

Answer 3:
It explains the policy or decision of the government issued by an authority.

Answer 4:
The longitudinal extent of India is from 68°7’E to 97°25’E.

Answer 5:
The different non-farm activities in the village palampur are- dairy farming, small scale manufacturing, shop keeping and transport.

Answer 6:
When the existing human resource is more developed by becoming more educated and healthy
it is called Human capital formation.

Answer 7:
Poverty is a challenge for India because around 26% people i.e. 1/4th of India are below poverty line.

Answer 8:
The middle class in the French society:

This social group emerged in france in the 18th century and made money through an expanding overseas trade and by manufacturing goods like woolen and silk textiles.
This social group along with merchants and manufacturers, included professionals like lawyers and administrative officials.
They were educated people and believed that no group in the society should be privileged by birth and a person’s position in the society should be based on his merit.

Answer 9:
The three changes brought about the Bolsheviks after the October revolution are:

They nationalized the banks and the industries according to that the government had their own ownership and management.
They banned the use of old titles of aristocracy and new uniform for the army and officials were designed.
They renamed the Bolshevik party as the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks).

Answer 10:
Democracy plays a positive and vital role in improving the quality of decision making in the following ways:

In democracy the decision is taken on the basis of consultation and discussion which involves many persons, discussions and meetings.
As number of people get involved in the decision making so they are able to point out the possible mistakes in any decision.
Decision making in the democratic society is time taking but it prevents from taking rash or irresponsible decisions.

Answer 11:
A constitution is a document which is the supreme law of the country which is accepted by all the people of the country. It contains the set of principles according to which the country is governed. A constitution plays the following role in a country:

It reflects the philosophy on which the country’s administration works.
It expresses the aspirations of the society for creating a welfare society.
It acts as the rule book for the government.
It explains the powers and limitations of the government and its functioning.

Answer 12:
A set of norms and guidelines which is to be followed by the political parties and the candidates during the time of election.
It controls the political parties and the candidates in the following ways:

No party or candidate can use any place of worship for election propaganda.
Use of government vehicles for elections is not allowed.
Ministers shall not lay foundations stones of any project or take any big policy decisions or any promises for public benefits during the time of election.

Answer 13:
The characteristics of the Godavari basin are:

It is the largest river basin of the peninsular India.
It rises in the Nasik district of Maharashtra.
It drains through the states of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha and Andhra Pradesh (50% of the Godavari basin covers the state of Maharashtra).

Answer 14:
The bulk of rainfall in India is concentrated over a few months because India receives around 90% of the rainfall by the advancing monsoon or the south-west monsoon.

The Tamil Nadu coast receives winter rainfall because it is the retreating monsoon which causes rainfall there which takes place during the winter month.

Break in monsoon is due to the dry spells during the monsoon period caused due to the shift of the low pressure towards the north or south

Answer 15:
There are number of basic facilities in the village palampur such as roads, electricity, schools, health centres, market and irrigation facilities. The village palampur is connected with the all weathered roads with the nearby towns and cities. There is electricity facility in all the houses in the village Palampur. There are two primary schools and one high school in the village. There is a Primary Health Centre run by the government and one private dispensary where the sick are treated. There is better market facility and also there is a good system of irrigation after the introduction of electricity in the village palampur.

Answer 16:
The following are the three different sectors on the basis of economic activities:

Primary sector: It includes agriculture and related activities. For example – farming, mining etc.
Secondary sector: It includes activities related to industries and manufacturing. For example cottage industry, Iron and steel industry.
Tertiary sector: It includes all kinds of services. For example- doctors, lawyers cobblers etc.

Answer 17:
The three features of the MNREGA 2005 are:

It provides 100 days of guaranteed employment to the rural areas people those who are unemployed.
According to this act one-third job is proposed for the women.
The government will provide unemployment allowance if they are not able to provide job.

Answer 18:
There are two different dimensions of hunger- seasonal hunger and chronic hunger.
(a) Seasonal hunger:

It is related to the cycles of food growing and harvesting.
People face seasonal hunger in the rural areas because of seasonal nature of agricultural activities.

(b) Chronic hunger:

It is a consequence of diets persistently inadequate in terms of quality or quantity.
In the urban areas it occurs because of casual labour, very low income and inability to buy food.

Answer 19:
The consequences of Nazism in Germany were as follows:

Democracy was destroyed and Germany became a dictatorial state.
Hjalmar Schachtwa, an economist was assigned the responsibility of economic recovery aiming at full protection and full employment through state funded work creation programme.
The foreign policy of Germany was changed. Germany left the League of Nations in 1933 and reoccupied Rhineland in 1936 and annexed Austria in 1938.
To control and order the society, a special surveillance and security forces were created.
Establishment of an exclusive racial community of pure Aryans.

Answer 20:
Yes, it is true that commercial farming led to a decline in forest cover during colonial period.
The factors which led to deforestation are:

Deforestation was done for the production of the commercial crops because the demand for these crops increased to feed the growing urban population and raw materials for the growing industries.
The colonial government thought that the forests are unproductive and if these forest areas are used for cultivation it will increase the food production and finally the revenue.
The colonial government needed ships to protect the overseas colonies. So they depleted the Oak forests to supply timber for the Royal navy to build the ships.
To run the locomotives and to lay sleepers to hold the railways tracks wood was needed. So the forest areas were degraded.
Deforestation was also done to produce tea, coffee and rubber plantations.

The pastoral nomads were in the plateau areas. Their movement can be traced as follows:

Dhangars pastoral community of Maharashtra were basically shepherds, some were blanket weavers and buffalo herders. They stayed in the central plateau of Maharashtra during the monsoon as this became vast grazing ground.
By October the Dhangars move to Konkan because this was a flourishing agricultural area with high rainfall and rich soil.
With the onset of monsoon the Dhangars left the Konkan and returned to their settlements on the dry plateau because the sheep could not tolerate the wet monsoon conditions.
The Gollas herded cattle in Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh whereas the Kurumas and Kurubas reared sheep and goats.
Their movement was determined by the alteration of the monsoon and dry season. They moved to the coastal areas in the dry seasons and returned to the plateaus when monsoon arrives.

Enclosure movement in England had both advantages and disadvantages.
Advantages:

This movement made England self-sufficient in terms of food grains. This movement helped in rising the food grain production as quickly as the population.
The landlords made long term investments on land and planned crop rotation to increase the fertility of the soil.
This allowed the landlords to expand the land under their control and produce more for the market which made the landlords rich.

Disadvantages:

The landlords were benefitted whereas the poor were hit hard and were left helpless and miserable as they were not allowed to collect firewood from the forest or graze their cattle on the commons. Also they were not allowed to gather fruits or hunt animals.
The poor were displaced from their land, deprived of their customary rights and could not find secured jobs anywhere.

Answer 21:
The following are the differences between the political executives and the permanent executives:

Political executives include the prime minister, the cabinet ministers and the council of ministers whereas the permanent executives include civil servants such as IAS, IPS, IFS etc.
Political executives are elected by the people whereas the permanent executives are the civil servants.
Political executives have a fixed tenure whereas the permanent executives remain in office even when the ruling party changes.
Political executives take all the final decisions and are more powerful whereas the permanent executives are less powerful as they do not take decisions.
Political executives are answerable to the people whereas the permanent executives are not answerable to the people.

Answer 22:
The following are the rights given to the citizens of India by the constitution under the right to freedom:

Right to freedom of speech and expression.
Right to assemble in a peaceful manner.
Right to form associations and unions.
Right to move freely within the country.
Right to reside in any part of the country.
Right to practice any profession.

Answer 23:
The tropical evergreen forests and the tropical deciduous forests are the two different types of
vegetation found in India. The major differences between these two are as follows:

The tropical evergreen forests are found in the areas of heavy rainfall of more than 200cm whereas the tropical deciduous forests are found in the areas of rainfall between 70cm and 200cm.
The tropical evergreen forests has luxuriant vegetation of all kinds in which the height of the trees are up to 60m whereas the tropical deciduous forests are the most widespread forests in India with two sub-types i.e., tropical moist forests and tropical deciduous forests.
In the tropical evergreen forests trees having no definite time to shed their leaves therefore they appear green all through the year whereas in the tropical deciduous forests trees shed their leaves in dry summer for about 6 to 8 weeks.
The tropical evergreen forests are found in the areas of Western Ghats, Assam, Tamil Nadu, Lakshadweep and Andaman and Nicobar islands whereas the tropical deciduous forests are found in the areas of Jharkhand, Odisha and Chhattisgarh.
The tropical evergreen forests having the important trees like ebony, mahogany, rosewood, cinchona etc, whereas the tropical deciduous forests having the important trees like teak, peepal, neem sal etc.

Answer 24:
Migration can be defined as the movement of people from one place to another. Migration is controlled by number of push factors and the pull factors.
Push factors: the different causes which pushes people to move out of a place are termed as the push factors. These are basically the disadvantages of a place or unfavourable conditions of a place such as – unemployment, illiteracy, lack of basic services like health and education etc.
Pull factors: The different causes which pulls people to come to a particular place are termed as pull factors. These are basically the advantages of a place or the favourable conditions of a place such as – job opportunities, better health and education facilities etc.

These push factors and the pull factors lead to the following different types of migration:

Rural to rural migration
Rural to urban migration
Urban to urban migration
Urban to rural migration.

Out of these different routes of migration the most common route of migration in India is from rural to urban areas.
Migration can also be of the following two types – internal and international. Internal migration means movement of people within the country and the international migration means movement of people outside the country.

Answer 25:
The food security system of India is carefully designed to ensure the availability of food to all the people at all the times. The food security system is composed of the following two components:

Buffer stock: It is the stock of food grains like rice and wheat procured by the government through the food corporation of India (FCI). The FCI purchases rice and wheat from the areas of surplus food production at a pre- announced price called minimum support price (MSP).
Public distribution system: This is a system of distribution of food grains among the poorer sections of the society basically those who are below poverty line. This is done through the ration shops which are also called fair price shops.

Answer 26:
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 9 Social Science Paper 1 26

Answer 27:
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 9 Social Science Paper 1 27

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CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Business Studies Paper 5

March 13, 2023

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Business Studies Paper 5 are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Business Studies Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Business Studies Paper 5.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Business Studies Paper 5

Board	CBSE
Class	XII
Subject	Business Studies
Sample Paper Set	Paper 5
Category	CBSE Sample Papers

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 12 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme as prescribed by the CBSE is given here. Paper 5 of Solved CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Business Studies is given below with free PDF download solutions.

Time: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions

(i) Answer to questions carrying 1 mark may be from one word to one sentence.
(ii) Answer to questions carrying 3 marks may have about 50 to 75 words.
(iii) Answer to questions carrying 4 – 5 marks may have about 150 words.
(iv) Answer to questions carrying 6 marks may have about 200 words.
(v) Attempt all the parts of a question together.

Question 1:
The marketing manager of Illuminate Ltd, an organisation manufacturing generators has been asked to achieve a target sale of 100 generators per day. He delegates the task to 15 sales managers and 5 subordinates working under him. Identify the concept used in the above case.

Question 2:
Enumerate any two basis of departmentation in an organisation.

Question 3:
Write a limitation of demonetisation.

Question 4:
Economic environment is affected by many factors one of such factors is the general inflation rate preveiling in the country. How does the inflation rates affect the business firms?

Question 5:
“No smoking in the factory.” This statement is an example of which type of plan?

Question 6:
‘Global Diva’ is a company manufacturing high-end women accessories. The company received an order from Zing Chau Ltd, Korea. The order was in Korean language. The company got it translated and as per the translation, executed the order. However, Zing Chau Ltd refused to take delivery because the goods were not as per their specification stated in the order. Identify the barrier of communication from the above passage.

Question 7:
Identify the type of suitable organisation structure for a large scale organisation having diversified activities requiring high degree of specialisation in operations.

Question 8:
Which component of capital structure determines the overall financial risk in an organisation?

Question 9:
Mr Mukesh is a sales representative in a popular DTH company, he is required to personally assist and persuade the prospective buyers to buy the product.
Mr Mukesh is involved in which element of the promotion mix. Give any two features of that element as well.

Question 10:
Values are desirable for moral connections that are to be followed for ethical business practices. At the same time, techniques are the methods or procedures to achieve organisational goals. Then apart from values and techniques, why are the principles of management needed?

Question 11:
Explain how controlling helps in

accomplishing organisational goals.
judging accuracy of standards.

Question 12:
Dividends declared by the companies are taken as a positive note by the investors. Stock markets react positively to such decisions and share prices tend to show an upward trend. But, at the same time, it is restricted to certain extent by the Companies Act as well as the financial condition of the concern. Franco, the financial manager of Sunlight Ltd declared in the Annual General Meeting (AGM) that “It is costly to reinvest the retained earnings.” After considering his statement, what decision is taken by the board?

Question 13:
‘Decor Home’ is a furniture manufacturing company. The company has been able to earn substantial profit, yet they did not share their profits with the workers. This led to growing unrest among them leading to fall in productivity and also the quality of their work. Due to this, the company started facing the problem of falling revenues. Their HR manager Mr Dinesh advised the management to follow the principle of ‘Mental revolution’. Is the advice of HR manager appropriate? Elucidate.

Question 14:
ITC Ltd is a multi national company engaged in the business of FMCG goods, Mr Anil is currently working in it as the head of its cosmetic products segment. What kind of organisational structure is being followed in ITC Ltd? Mention any three advantages of such structure.

Question 15:
“Bending the customer according to the product” and “developing the product according to customer needs” are the two important concepts of marketing management. Identify these concepts and differentiate between the two.

Question 16:
“It can be said that management has some characteristics of profession, but it is still not a full fledged profession.” Comment whether this statement is true or false. Also give three reasons in support of your answer.

Question 17:
Mr Adarsh is a social activist. He was concerned with the pollution caused by the use of polythene bags. These bags are non-biodegradable and are a great threat for the water bodies and also adversely affect the quality of soil. To ban the use of these bags he filed a writ petition in the court. The court also identified the threats caused by these bags and passed an order banning the use of these bags on the following grounds:
(i) These bags are creating many environmental problems which affect the life of people in general.
(ii) Society in general is more concerned about quality of life.
(iii) The government decided to give subsidy to jute industry to promote this business.
(iv) Innovative techniques are being developed to manufacture jute bags at low rates.
Identify the different dimensions of business environment by quoting the lines from the above particulars.

Question 18:
Mr Daksh Mudgal, who is a vegetarian, went to a newly opened snacks corner. He asked the waiter for a menu but the waiter informed him that the menu cards are in printing. Then Mr Mudgal specifically asked for the options available for vegetarians. The waiter informed him about the available options and Mr Mudgal chose a particular sandwich. He again specifically asked the waiter if the sandwich, was veg, to which the waiter replied affirmatively. While eating, he found that the snack had non-vegetarian content. The packaging of the product did not display that the product had non-vegetarian content

What values are affected by this?
Will Mr Daksh Mudgal be able to claim compensation? Which right of the consumer is violated here?

Question 19:
“Marketing plays an important role not only in the growth of a firm but also in the development of an economy.” Discuss.

Question 20:
Define stock exchange and explain two features of stock exchange.

Question 21:
Blue Pharmacy is a company engaged in the production of life-saving drugs. The company has no internal system of performance appraisal and for the past two years, it has not declared any incentives or bonus to its employees, inspite of enormous profits. One of its employee, Mr Sangeet has discovered a new medication for ‘dengue’ during in-house research. The company has got patent on it in its own name and no reward or compensation was given to Sangeet. All these factors have de-motivated the employees and the company is started facing the problem of high employee turn over rate, increased absenteeism, falling levels of productivity, etc.
Due to a combined result of all these factors, Blue Pharmacy was not able to meet its organisational objectives.

Design a control plan, suggesting measures to Blue Pharmacy to be able to achieve its objectives.
After controlling these factors, what values are being satisfied?

Question 22:
Staffing is one of the most complex and crucial step which ensures success of any business organisation. Staffing requires a lot of time and efforts. Briefly explain first five steps involved in the process of staffing.

Question 23:
The role of financial management cannot be under estimated, since it has a direct bearing on the financial health of a business. The importance of financial decisions can be judged by the fact, that almost all items of financial statements are affected by them. In the light of the above, explain the functions of financial management.

Question 24:
Ela is running a successful business of providing high-end beauty services to the upper section of society. Her parlour boasts of innovative beauty products. She has an in-house training programme for new employees. Also, she believes in high standards of performance and shares her profits with her employees. She also gives them yearly bonus and salary hikes. But still she feels that her employees are not as motivated as she wants them to be.

Are financial incentives the only way to motivate employees?
What are non-monetary incentives?
State any four non-monetary incentives which contribute to the performance of employees.

Question 25:
The first step in the process of planning is setting objectives. After that development of premises is done. Then various alternatives are identified. Explain the further process (steps) required to complete the process.

Answers

Answer 1:
Decentralisation of authority as manager delegates the authority throughout the levels of an organisation.

Answer 2:
The two basis of departmentation in an organisation are enumerated below:

Territories (North, South, East, West)
Products (appliances, clothes, cosmetics, etc)

Answer 3:
Demonetisation of the currency has caused huge inconvenience to the people. Cash crunch is a major problem due to the unavailability of small currency denominations.

Answer 4:
Increase in inflation rates directly affects the economic environment as it increases the cost of production, due to which profits of business firms are adversely affected.

Answer 5:
It is an example of rule.

Answer 6:
The barrier of communication identified in the above passage is faulty translation, which is a form of semantic barrier.

Answer 7:
Divisional structure is suitable for a large scale organisation having diversified activities requiring high degree of specialisation in operations.

Answer 8:
Debt determines the overall financial risk in an organisation’s capital structure.

Answer 9:
Mr Mukesh is involved in personal selling.
Following are the two features of personal selling:

Face-to-face Dialogue In personal selling, a direct face-to-face dialogue takes place that involves an interactive relationship between the seller and the buyer.
Development of Relationship Personal selling allows a salesperson to develop personal relationship with the prospective customers, which may facilitate in making sales.

Answer 10:
Management principles are essential for the successful running of business organisation. Its significance or need can be enumerated with the help of the points given below:

Optimum Utilisation of Resources Several principles of management, such as unity of direction, division of labour, etc help in optimum utilisation of resources.
Scientific Decisions The knowledge of management principles enables managers to learn about the
cause and effect relationship between variables operating in the organisation. This helps them to develop a scientific approach to solve problems.

Answer 11:
(i) Accomplishing Organisational Goals The controlling function measures the accomplishment against the standards and corrects deviations. This helps in ensuring that organisation is moving on the right , track to achieve organisational goals.
(ii) Judging Accuracy of Standards A sound controlling system helps the management to verify whether the standards set are accurate and relevant or not. It keeps a careful check on the changes, which are taking place in the organisation.

Answer 12:
Company’s net earnings are divided into two parts: retained earnings and dividend. If the company has profitable investment options then, it would like to retain the earnings and reinvest rather than distribute it as dividend. But in the given case, the condition is not favourable for reinvesting. Thus, the board may take the residual decision which means the.company will pay dividends as the reinvestment is not profitable.

Answer 13:
Yes, the advice of the HR manager is appropriate.
The basic idea behind the principles of scientific management is to change the mindset or outlook of the workers and the management towards each other. Taylor called it ‘mental revolution’.

Mental revolution insists on the following:

Change in mental attitude of workers and management towards each other.
Co-operation between workers and management.

Mental revolution can also be stated as ’bilateral mental revolution’. It requires that management should create suitable working conditions and provide an opportunity to workers to participate in the management and should be entitled to share surplus generated in the business.

Answer 14:
ITC Ltd is divided into various segments based on the products in which it deals, therefore it can be said that divisional structure of management is being followed in ITC Ltd. following are the main advantages of divisional structure:

It helps managers to develop varied skills related to a product and facilitates managerial development.
In divisional structure, fixation of accountability and responsibility is easy.
With more initiative and flexibility, decisions are taken much faster in divisional structure.

Answer 15:
(i) Bending the Customer According to the Product This statement is related with the selling concept.
(ii) Developing the Product According to Customer Needs This statement is related with the marketing concept.

Difference between selling concept and marketing concept are :

Basis	Selling Concept	Marketing Concept
Focus	It focuses on the product.	If focuses on consumer satisfaction.
Planning	It has a short-term business planning.	It has a long-term business planning.

Answer 16:
On studying management as a profession, it can be said that management is not a full fledged profession but only a developing profession, therefore the said statement is true.
Following are the three main reasons in support of the said statement:

Like profession, management has a well defined body of knowledge which can be acquired through courses like MBA, BBA, etc.
Entry into the profession of management is not restricted through any examination or degree.
Unlike other professions, membership of any professional association is not mandatory for managers.

Answer 17:
(i) “The Court passed an order to ban polythene bags.” The quoted line is depicting the legal environment. Business has to function within the framework of laws and regulations of the country. Legal environment exercises significant influence on business activities.
(ii) “Polythene bags are creating many environmental problems which affect the life of people in general and society in general is more concerned about quality of life.” These quoted lines are depicting the social environment, which consists of all the social and cultural forces within which business firms operate.
(iii) “The Government decided to give subsidy to jute industry to promote this business.” The quoted line is depicting the political environment, which is concerned with the forces related with political stability and political conditions that have strong impact on business.
(iv) “Innovative techniques are being developed to manufacture jute bags at low rates.” The quoted line is
depicting the technological environment. It includes forces relating to scientific improvements and innovations which provide new ways of producing goods and services.

Answer 18:
(i) Honesty and responsible behaviour are the two values that affected by this, as complete information about the product is not provided.
(ii) In the given case, there is a violation of the consumer right, ‘Right to Information’. According to the Amendment of the Regulations in Weight and Measurement Act, 2000, every product should bear a green dot for veg ingredients and brown for non-veg ingredients. This statutory provision was not fulfilled by the snack corner.
Hence, Mr Daksh Mudgal can claim compensation.

Answer 19:
The process of marketing plays an important role in a firm and in the economy, as explained below :

Role in a Firm Marketing emphasises customer satisfaction as the key to survival and growth of an organisation. It helps to focus the activities of the organisation on fulfilling the needs and wants of consumers, by designing the product according to them. This helps to develop brand loyalty and bring prosperity for the firm.

Role in the Economy Marketing acts as a catalyst in economic development of a country and helps in raising living standard of the people. Marketing inspires people to undertake various activities and to set-up enterprises for producing goods that are demanded in the market and ensure smooth flow of goods through efficient distribution system. It helps to establish linkages between the business, accelerating economic activity, leading to higher incomes, more consumption, increased savings and investment.

Answer 20:
According to Pyle, “Stock exchanges are market places where securities that have been listed there on, may be bought and sold for either investment or speculation.’’
Following are the two features of stock exchange:

Organised Market Stock exchange is an organised market. Every stock exchange has a management committee which has all the rights related to management and control of exchange.
All the transactions taking place in the stock exchange are done as per the prescribed procedure under the guidance of management committee.
Dealing in Securities Issued by Various Concerns Only those securities are traded in the stock
exchange which are listed there. After fulfilling certain terms and conditions, a company can get its securities listed on stock exchange.

Answer 21:
(i) Under such circumstances, Blue Pharmacy should implement a control plan covering following points:

Performance based appraisal system should be introduced.
Employees like Mr Sangeet should be given due acknowledgment for their achievements.
Proper communication of tasks should be made and feedback should be collected from time to time.

(ii) Following values are satisfied :

Orderliness
Discipline
Flonesty
Commitment and hardwork

Answer 22:
First five steps in the process of staffing are as follows:
(i) Estimating Manpower Requirements It refers to finding out the number of persons or employees and type of employees needed in the organisation in the near future. As both overstaffing and understaffing are undesirable, the manager tries to find out the manpower requirement by equating work load analysis to workforce analysis.
(ii) Recruitment It refers to the process of inducing people to apply for the job in the organisation. After assessing the number and type of required employees, the manager tries to get greater number of applicants for the job, so that the organisation can select better candidates.
(iii) Selection It refers to the choosing of most suitable candidate to fill the vacant job position. Selection is done through a process, which involves tests, interviews, etc.
(iv) Placement and Orientation In this step, employee occupies the position or is placed, for which he/she has been selected. After this a brief presentation about the company is given and employee is introduced to his superiors, subordinates and colleagues.
(v) Training and Development In this step, training is imparted to the selected candidate, by which he/she can enhance his/her skills, knowledge and through this, one can also explore the opportunities for future growth.

Answer 23:
The functions of financial management relate to three major decisions which every finance manager has to take.
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Business Studies Paper 5 img23

The three essential functions of financial management are:

(i) Investment Decision This decision relates to careful selection of assets in which funds will be invested by the firms. A firm has many options to invest their funds but firm has to select the most appropriate investment which will bring maximum benefit for the firm and deciding or selecting most appropriate proposal is investment decision.

(ii) Financing Decision Finance manager has to take this decision by deciding the source of finance. A company can raise finance from various sources, i.e. by issue of shares, debentures or by taking loans and advances. Deciding how much to raise from which source is the concern of financing decision.
The main sources of finance can be divided into two categories which are given below :
(a) Owner’s fund
(b) Borrowed fund

(iii) Dividend Decision This decision is concerned with distribution of surplus funds. The profit of the firm is distributed among various parties, such as creditors, employees, debenture holders, shareholders, etc. The surplus profit is either distributed to equity shareholders in the form of dividend or kept aside in the form of retained earnings. Under dividend decision, the finance manager decides, how much to be distributed in the form of dividend and how much to keep aside as retained earnings.

Answer 24:
(i) No, financial incentives are not the only way to motivate employees. Employees can also be motivated with the help of non-monetary incentives.
(ii) Non-monetary Incentives These are not directly related with money. These incentives help in the satisfaction of top hierarchy needs like respect, self-actualisation, etc.
(iii) Following are the four important types of non-monetary incentives:

(a) Status It means the position or rank of a person in the organisation. It can be high or low. The rank of an employee is directly linked with his authority, responsibility and other facilities (e.g. A separate cabin, costly furniture, car, peon, PA, etc). Everybody has a wish for a higher status. Therefore, the employees can be motivated by raising their rank or position. The attainment of a higher status fulfils the psychological, social and esteem needs.
(b) Career Advancement Opportunity Every employee of the organisation wants to advance in his life. Promotion is an important example of advancement. When the avenues for promotion are available, the employees certainly get motivated.
(c) Employee Recognition Programmes Every employee wishes to be considered as an important part of the organisation. It means that he should have his own identity and he should appear to be distinctive. The manager should distribute work among the employees in such a manner which gives a feeling to every employee that his work is special and he alone is capable of doing it. By getting such kind of importance, they are motivated and work harder in a more responsible manner.
(d) Employee Participation Employees get encouraged if they are allowed to participate in managerial
works. Therefore, they offer their full cooperation in making successful the policies prepared with their help.

Answer 25:
The first step in the process of planning is setting objectives. After that development of premises is done.
Then various alternatives are identified. After this, the following steps are followed to complete the process of planning:

(i) Evaluating Alternative Courses After making the list of various alternates alongwith the assumptions supporting them, the manager starts evaluating each and every alternative and note down the positive and negative aspects of each alternative. After this, the manager starts eliminating the negative aspects and the one with maximum positive aspects is selected as the best alternative.
(ii) Selecting an Alternative This is the most crucial point of decision-making. The best plan has to be adopted and implemented. The ideal plan, of course, would be the most feasible, profitable and with least negative consequences.
(iii) Implementing the Plan This is the step where other managerial functions also come into the picture. This step is concerned with putting the plan into action, i.e. doing what is required, e.g. If there is a plan to increase production, then more labour and machinery will be required. This step executes the main plan.
(iv) Follow up Action To see whether plans are being implemented and activities are performed according to schedule, is also a part of the planning process. Monitoring the plans is equally important to ensure that objectives are achieved properly.

We hope the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Business Studies Paper 5 help you. If you have any query regarding CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Business Studies Paper 5, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Business Studies Paper 4

March 13, 2023

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Business Studies Paper 4 are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Business Studies Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Business Studies Paper 4.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Business Studies Paper 4

Board	CBSE
Class	XII
Subject	Business Studies
Sample Paper Set	Paper 4
Category	CBSE Sample Papers

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 12 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme as prescribed by the CBSE is given here. Paper 4 of Solved CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Business Studies is given below with free PDF download solutions.

Time: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions

Question 1:
A decision is taken to distribute certain part of the profit to shareholders after paying tax. What is this decision called?

Question 2:
“Management is an intangible force.” Explain.

Question 3:
What is the key feature of divisional structure?

Question 4:
Is directing necessary at planning stage? Give reason in support of your answer.

Question 5:
Which money market instrument is also known as zero coupon bond?

Question 6:
Mention any two parties who can file a complaint before the appropriate consumer forum.

Question 7:
Classify plans on the basis of duration of use.

Question 8:
Silver Tech Limited is a start-up company engaged in developing nano-technology for mobiles. The debt component is quite high in the capital structure of the company. Identify the risk which the company can face in future.

Question 9:
Give the various sources of recruitment and differentiate between the two internal sources.

Question 10:
Explain any three factors affecting capital budgeting decisions.

Question 11:
“Expenses on training is an investment and not a wastage.” Clarify. Also give any two advantages of training for the organisation.

Question 12:
Over the years, Brook Bond Taj Mahal tea has been a choice of millions of customers. The company uses the slogan ‘Waah Taj’ on its label. Their price range, quality and taste are different and unique from their competitors. What are the advantages of labelling a product shown in this case?

Question 13:
Management is the process of working with and through others to effectively achieve organisational objectives by efficiently using limited resources in the changing environment.” In the light of the above statement, explain any three features of management.

Question 14:
Give the positive and negative effects (any two) of the following principles of management:
(i) Equity
(ii) Stability of personnel

Question 15:
“Stock exchange works through its operators.” In the light of this statement, discuss any four types of operators working on a stock exchange.

Question 16:
Lately, many companies have planned for significant investments in organised retailing in India. Several factors have prompted their decision in this regard. Customers’ income is rising. People have developed a taste for better quality products even though they may have to pay more. The aspiration levels have increased. The government has also liberalised its economic policies in this regard and permitted even cent percent foreign direct investment in some sectors of retailing. In what ways, Indian managers have responded to change in the post liberalisation era?

Question 17:
Describe briefly multi-dimensional function of management.

Question 18:
How directing helps in efficient and effective functioning of the organisation? Explain by giving any four points.

Question 19:
A car manufacturing company sets a goal that in future they will expand their production by 15%. After measuring the performance, they noticed that the production has declined by 10% and the raw material is wasted by the production department.
(i) Can you find out, to which concept of controlling does it relate?
(ii) What values are being ignored in this case?

Question 20:
Name the decision, a financial manager takes keeping in view the overall objective of maximising shareholders’ wealth. Also, explain any four factors affecting the decision.

Question 21:
‘Millenium’ is a reputed B-school of Jaipur. It is offering lots of management degree programmes in the fields of finance, marketing, human resource, rural development, hospitality and information technology. The institute advertises that it has a 100% placement records, with many of its students being placed in top MNCs across the globe. The highest salary package to a student of the institute was
₹12.5 lakh per annum.
The advertisement also shows the campus to be well infrastructured. Influenced by this advertisement, hundred of students take admission in this institute. On taking admissions, the students learn that the campus shown in the advertisements was not the one that they were studying in and also that the institute is running only diploma and certificate courses, as it is not recognised by AICTE and therefore cannot issue degrees. The placement statistics were also misleading.
(i) As per your understanding, what are the values missing?
(ii) What steps should be taken by the student against these frauds?

Question 22:
”Some plans are formulated by companies to deal with situations that can occur again and again.” Identify the type of plan and explain any four of them.

Question 23:
Two managers are arguing that planning is looking ahead and controlling is looking back. As per your opinion, who is correct and why? Also explain how controlling helps in
(i) accomplishing organisational goals.
(ii) judging accuracy of standards.

Question 24:
My Car Ltd decided to set-up its new car manufacturing factory in the backward area of West Bengal where very less job opportunities were available. People of that area welcomed this effort of My Car Ltd. The company also decided to provide facilities like school, hospital, market, etc. in the factory premises so that people are attracted to join the factory as workers. My Car Ltd started earning huge profits. Another competing company asked its production manager Arvind to investigate the reasons of earning huge profits by My Car Ltd.

Arvind found that in both the companies there was systematic coordination among the various activities to achieve organisational goals. Every employee knew who was responsible and accountable to whom. The only difference was that in his organisation communication took place
only through the scalar chain, whereas My Car Ltd was allowing flow of communication in all the directions as well as quick . feedback.
(i) Identify the type of organisation which allows the flow of communication in all directions.
(ii) Also state the advantages of such type of organisation.

Question 25:
What do you mean by promotion mix? Explain its components.

Answers

Answer 1:
Dividend decision is taken to distribute certain part of the profit to shareholders after paying tax.

Answer 2:
Management is an unseen force whose presence can be felt when an organisation functions. Orderliness, discipline, cleanliness, etc all reflect the presence of good management. Hence, management is said to be an intangible force.

Answer 3:
The key feature of divisional structure is that it comprises of separate business units as divisions.

Answer 4:
No, directing is not necessary at planning stage, it is necessary at execution/operational stage.

Answer 5:
Treasury bill is also known as zero coupon bond.

Answer 6:
A complaint before the appropriate consumer forum can be made by the persons named here under:

Any consumer
A legal heir of a deceased consumer

Answer 7:
On the basis of duration of use, plans can be classified as follows:

Single use plans
Standing plans

Answer 8:
The company can face financial risk. It refers to a position, when a company is not able to meet its fixed financial charges namely interest, preference dividend, payment and repayment obligations. It arises due to higher use of debt.

Answer 9:
The sources of recruitment can be broadly classified as follows:
(i) Internal Sources These sources refer to recruitment within the organisation, from the existing staff and employees.
Two internal sources of recruitment are as follows:
(a) Transfers (b) Promotions
(ii) External Sources These sources refer to recruitment from outside the organisation.
Difference between Transfers and Promotions

The difference between transfers and promotions are:

Basis	Transfers	Promotions
Meaning	It means shifting an employee from one job to another job, one department to another department or one shift to another shift.	It means shifting an employee to a higher job position.
Movement	It causes a horizontal movement of employees.	It causes a vertical movement of employees.
Effect	It leads to a change in duties and working conditions but not necessarily status and salary.	It leads to a change in authority, responsibilities, duties, salary and status.

Answer 10:
Following are the three factors affecting capital budgeting decision:

Cash Flows of the Project When a company takes an investment decision involving huge amount, it expects to generate some cash flows over a period. The amount of these cash flows should be carefully analysed before considering a capital budgeting decision.
The Rate of Return It is the most important criteria to decide the investment proposal, as a higher rate of return would induce more m ‘estment and vice versa.
Investment Criteria The manager must compare and analyse the amount of investment, cash flows, interest rate, etc of various proposals and then take a decision.

Answer 11:
Expenses on training is an investment and not a wastage, as expenses incurred on training today will provide benefit to the organisation for a long-term in the form of increased efficiency of the employees.

The benefits of training and development to an organisation are as follows:

Training is a systematic learning, always better than hit and trial methods which leads to wastage of efforts and money.
It enhances employees’ productivity both in terms of quantity and quality, leading to higher profits

Answer 12:
Advantages of labelling which are shown in this case are as follows:
(i) It helps to assess the supermacy of a product over other competing products.
(ii) It raises the prestige of a product and guarantees the standard of the product.
(iii) It helps to establish brand loyalty of the customers towards the product.

Answer 13:
The above said statement is true. In the light of above statement, features of management are as follows:

Management is a Goal-oriented Process Objectives refer to the end result to be achieved through operations. They are set for the organisation as well as all departments. Management seeks to achieve these objectives through co-ordinated efforts.
Management is all Pervasive Management is necessary to conduct all types of activities whether it is a business or non-business activity. It is equally applicable in private and public enterprises, small and large enterprises, government and non-government enterprises. So, it is equally required in a petrol pump, a hospital, an office, whether in India, USA or Japan.
Management is a Continuous Process Management is an ongoing process of planning, organising, staffing, directing and controlling which brings the management cycle back to planning.
Group Activity An organisation is a collection of diverse activities and different individuals. Through
coordination and teamwork, management unites the efforts of individuals to achieve organisational goals, alongwith the fulfilment of personal goals of the individuals.

Answer 14:
(i) Equity

Two positive effects of equity are given below:
(a) It ensures loyalty among the workers.
(b) It emerges cordial relation between workers and managers.

Two negative effects of equity, if violated are given below:
(a) Dissatisfaction among employees leading to greater employee turnover.
(b) It emerges poor relations between workers and managers.

(ii) Stability of Personnel

Two positive effects of stability of personnel are stated below:
(a) It encourages job security in the organisation.
(b) It increases motivation among employees.

Two negative effects of stability of personnel, if violated are stated below:
(a) It leads to increase in labour absenteeism.
(b) It Increases job insecurity thus, employees tend to leave jobs frequently leading to high turnover.

Answer 15:
There are four types of operators working on a stock exchange as given below:

Bull A bull is a speculator, who expects rise in price. He buys securities with a view to sell them in future at a higher price and making profit out of it. In Mumbai Stock Exchange, he is known as Tejiwala.
Bear A bear is a speculator, who expects fall in price. He sells securities which he does not want to possess. He is known as Mandiwala in Mumbai Stock Exchange.
Broker He is a member of stock exchange. He buys and sells securities on behalf of outsiders, who are not the members of the stock exchange. He charges brokerage or commission for his services. He buys and sells all types of securities as demanded by investors.
Jobber He is also a member of stock exchange. He buys and sells securities on his own behalf. He is specialised in one type of security and makes profit by selling the securities at a higher price. In Mumbai Stock Exchange, he is known as Tarawaniwala.

Answer 16:
Indian managers have responded to change in the post liberalisation era in the following ways:

By consolidation of MNCs.
By adopting varied strategies of markets.
By focussing more on the interests of the customers.
By adopting labour workforce management.
By increasing production capacity.
By high compensation levels.
By implementing strategy of mergers and acquisitions.
By adopting Capital structure reforms.

Answer 17:
Management is multi-dimensional i.e. management is a complex activity.

It has three dimensions which are discussed below:
(i) Management of Work All organisations exist for the performance of some work. It translates the work into goals, e.g. A product is produced in factory and then it is transported to the store where customers purchase it and their needs are satisfied.
(ii) Management of People Human resources are the greatest assets of an organisation. The task of management is to make people work towards achieving the organisational goals.
(iii) Management of Operations This refers to a production process, which entails the flow of input material and technology for transforming input into the desired output for consumption. It is interlinked with both management of work and management of people.

Answer 18:
The following four points highlight how directing helps in efficient and effective functioning of an organisation:
(i) Integrates Employees Directing integrates employees’ efforts in an organisation in such a way that every individual’s effort contributes to the welfare of the organisation. Thus, it ensures that employees work efficiently for the attainment of goals.
(ii) Improves Efficiency Directing guides employees to fully realise their potentials and capabilities. Through
this function, managers utilise the potential of employees and motivate them to work to the best of their ability and contribute their maximum effort towards the achievement of organisational objectives.
(iii) Facilitates Change Business environment is changing very frequently but people generally have a tendency to resist change. In this context, directing helps manager to persuade his subordinates to carry out changes from time to time and cope with changes in the environment.
(iv) Helps in Achieving Goals The work in the organisation starts with directing the employees towards the pre¬determined goals. Proper directing helps in unity of action and achieving organisational goals.

Answer 19:
(i) The concept of controlling which is being quoted is ‘comparing actual performance with standards’. After measuring the actual performance, it is being compared with the standards. In this case, the standard set is to increase production by 15% but actually it has declined by 10%. Infact the next step, i.e. ‘analysing deviations’ has also been undertaken and it is found out that raw materials have been wasted by the production department.
(ii) The values ignored here, are:
(a) Lack of commitment and hard work.
(b) Wastage of resources and lack of responsible behaviour towards achieving targets.

Answer 20:
The above said decision is financing decision. It is concerned with the decisions about how much funds are to
be raised from which long-term source, i.e. by means of shareholders funds or borrowed funds.
The factors affecting financing decisions are : (any four)

Cost The cost of raising funds from different sources are different. A wise finance manager opts for the cheapest source of finance.
Risk The risk associated with each of the source is different. The source which involves least risk should be preferred.
Cash Flow Position of the Company A stronger cash flow position may make debt financing more viable than funding through equity.
Control Considerations Issue of more equity may dilute shareholders’ control over the business. Therefore, a company afraid of a takeover bid may prefer debt to equity.
State of Capital Market If the stock market is rising, then it is easy to sell equity shares. But in a depressed capital market, the company has to opt for debt financing.

Answer 21:
(i) As per our opinion, the social and ethical values are missing. They are cheating the students, who are the pillars of nation. If they will be successful in their career, they can contribute a lot towards the development of our nation. But by providing misleading information, they are cheating students and spoiling their careers.
(ii) Following steps should be taken by the students:
(a) Students should boycott against this and provide all information of cheating and fraud to the local print media.
(b) Students should not blindly believe on the words of counsellors. They should collect all relevant information from different possible sources. –
(c) They should ask for redressal against unfair practices of the institute and can also ask for the
compensation.
”Some plans are formulated by companies to deal with situations that can occur again and again.” Identify the type of plan and explain any four of them.

Answer 22:
Standing plans are formulated by companies to deal with situations that can occur again and again.
The types of standing plan are as follows : (any four)

Objectives It can be said to be the desired future position that the management would like to reach.
Strategy A strategy is a comprehensive plan for accomplishing an organisation’s objectives.
Policy These are general statements that guide thinking or channelise energies towards a particular direction.
Procedure It describes the exact manner, in which a certain activity is to be performed.
Method It provides the prescribed ways or manner, in which a task has to be performed, considering the objectives.

Answer 23:
In my opinion, both are correct.
Planning is forward looking as plans are prepared for future and are based on forecasts about future conditions. On the other hand, controlling is looking back. It implies that it is like a postmortem of past activities to find out deviations from the standards.
However, it should also be noted that planning is backward looking also as it is guided by past experience and feedback report of controlling function and controlling is forward looking, as it does not end only by comparing the past performance with standards, it also helps in finding the reason for deviation and suggest the measures.
Thus, from the above description, we can conclude that planning and controlling are both forward as well as backward looking.
Controlling is essential as it helps in

Accomplishing Organisational Goals It measures the accomplishment of work against the standards and corrects deviations. This helps in ensuring that organisation is moving on right track to achieve the organisational goals.
Judging Accuracy of Standards A sound controlling system helps the management to verify whether
the standards set are accurate and objective. It keeps a careful check on the changes, which are taking place in the organisation and in the environment, thereby helping to review and raise the standards in the light of such changes.

Answer 24:
(i) The type of organisation discussed here is informal organisation.
Interaction among people at work gives rise to a network of social relationships among employees. This is called informal organisation, e.g. meeting in a cafeteria, drama group in an organisation and cricket teams of organisational personnel, are all examples of informal organisations.
(ii) Advantages of informal organisation are as follows :

Prescribed lines of communication are not followed. Thus, it facilitates quick feedback and spreads information faster.
It provides a sense of belongingness and gives due respect to social and psychological needs.
It provides the necessary environment for individual creativity and innovation.
It contributes to fulfilment of goals, promoting the feeling of cooperation among employees.

Answer 25:
Promotion Mix It refers to combination of promotional tools used by an organisation to achieve its
communication objectives. It consists of all the activities aimed at persuading customers to buy the product.
It includes communication activities undertaken to inform and convince customers.
Various components used by the marketers are given below:

Advertising It is a non-personal visible communication which is paid for by an identified sponsor.
Sales Promotion It refers to short-term activities or incentives which are aimed at encouraging purchase of products.
Personal Selling It involves direct and face to face personal interactions between the sales person and potential customers.
Public Relations This is the communication of a product, brand or business by placing information about it in the media without paying for the time or media space directly.

We hope the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Business Studies Paper 4 help you. If you have any query regarding CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Business Studies Paper 4, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Business Studies Paper 6

March 13, 2023

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Business Studies Paper 6 are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Business Studies Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Business Studies Paper 6.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Business Studies Paper 6

Board	CBSE
Class	XII
Subject	Business Studies
Sample Paper Set	Paper 6
Category	CBSE Sample Papers

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 12 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme as prescribed by the CBSE is given here. Paper 6 of Solved CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Business Studies is given below with free PDF download solutions.

Time: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions

Question 1:
Which function of management involves setting objectives and developing appropriate course of action to achieve these objectives?

Question 2:
Jayesh is working as a supervisor in a company. Due to his hardwork, he is promoted to the post of production manager. Now the post of supervisor is vacant and no one can be transferred or promoted to this post. Name the source of recruitment the company will use to fill up this post.

Question 3:
Explain the meaning of noise in the process of communication.

Question 4:
Apian is framed, implemented and followed by another plan and so on. Mention the feature of planning indicated here.

Question 5:
There are many redressal machinery under Consumer Protection Act who protect the consumers. Name any two such consumer grievance agencies.

Question 6:
State any two advantages of free rein leadership.

Question 7:
The operations manager of Zen Back Ltd, set a limit of 8% deviation in production and decided to take corrective action only if deviations occurred beyond 8%. Name the controlling principle applicable here.

Question 8:
the capital structure of a company is given as:
Equity = ₹25,00,000
Debt = ₹15,00,000
Find out the financial leverage for the above company.

Question 9:
Mansi, a shoe manufacturer for school students, decided to maximise her profit by producing and distributing at large scale and thereby, reducing the average cost of production.
(i) Identify the marketing management philosophy adopted by Mansi.
(ii) Explain this philosophy on the basis of
(a) Main focus
(b) Means and ends

Question 10:
The finance manager of Aerial Automobiles has made a detailed plan analysing the minutest financial needs of the firm in the coming six months. He also analyses the sources from where such fund requirement will be met.
(i) Name the process the finance manager is involved in.
(ii) Explain any two essential requirements of a sound financial plan.

Question 11:
How do principles of management provide useful insights into reality? Explain.

Question 12:
Differentiate between delegation and decentralisation.

Question 13:
” A leader who has only good physical features and required knowledge and competence cannot inspire others to work.” Then what else is required by a leader to be successful? Explain by giving three points.

Question 14:
Explain any four impacts of government policy changes on business and industry.

Question 15:
XYZ Power Ltd set-up a factory for manufacturing solar lanterns in a remote village as there was no reliable supply of electricity in rural areas. The revenue earned by the company was sufficient to cover the costs and the risks.
The demand of lanterns was increasing day-by-day, so the company decided to increase production to generate higher sales. For this, they decided to employ people from the nearby villages as very few job opportunities were available in that area. The company also decided to open schools and creches for the children of its employees.

Identify and explain the objectives of management discussed above.
State any two values which the company wanted to communicate to the society.

Question 16:
A furniture manufacturer gets an order of manufacturing 100 chairs. He has six workers, who will do the work. Each and every worker is specialised in completing one task only. One is good in cutting, second is good in shaping, third is good in finishing and so on.

If he wants to complete the target on time, which principle will help him?
What benefit company will have, by opting for this principle?

Question 17:
Being a management guru, you feel that the adopted plan is not suitable for company’s growth. Suggest an ideal plan for your company and briefly discuss its characteristics.

Question 18:
“Money is not the only motivator”, then what else is required to motivate employees? Explain by giving any four points.

Question 19:
Explain the meaning of controlling. State some of its objectives.

Question 20:
Betal Qroup is a leading producer of ‘Pan Bahar Pan Masala’. In order to promote its product it is using slogan ‘Come Alive’. They have also prepared an advertisement featuring leading actors and actresses of bollywood who are shown to be great patrons of the product. The advertisement, in addition to be misleading, is also not showing the statutory warning “Pan masala chabana swasthya ke liye hanikarak hai.”

Which values are overlooked by the promoters?
What are the drawbacks of advertisement being portrayed in this case?

Question 21:
Financial management is concerned with inflow and outflow of money, do you agree? Give some significance of financial management.

Question 22:
What are the first five steps involved in staffing process?

Question 23:
You are asked to design a label for a Coco Love, a new chocolate launched by CC company. Mention what factors will you keep in mind and furnish the information on the label of the product.

Question 24:
Mr Sahil and Mr Rajesh are promoting a new company. They are not able to decide on, how to raise funds.
Sahil is interested in a new issue through prospectus, while Rajesh wants a right issue.

As a financial manager, suggest Sahil and Rajesh for the appropriate decision.
Discuss the methods by which securities are issued in the primary market.

Question 25:
Mrs Leena Mehta works as a corporate event coordinator in an event management company. She has been made an overall official incharge for organising a painting exhibition for one of the clients of the company. For ensuring that the exhibition takes place successfully, she identifies the various activities involved and divides the whole work into various task groups like marketing committee, decoration committee and reception committee. In order to facilitate coordination within and among committees, she appoints a supervisor of each group. Each member is asked to report to their respective supervisors and all the supervisors are expected to work as per her orders. In context of the above case:

Identify and define the function of management being performed by Mrs. Leena.
Describe briefly the various steps involved in the performance of the function of management as identified in part (a) of the question.

Answers

Answer 1:
Planning function involves setting objectives and developing appropriate course of actions to achieve these objectives.

Answer 2:
Company will use external source of recruitment.

Answer 3:
Noise means an obstruction or hindrance in the communication process, e.g. A poor telephone connection or an inattentive listener.

Answer 4:
The feature of planning indicated here is that planning is a continuous process.

Answer 5:
Two consumer grievance agencies are stated below:

District forum
State commission

Answer 6:
Two advantages of free rein leadership are stated below:

It provides maximum scope for development of subordinates.
It helps in full utilisation of the potential of subordinates.

Answer 7:
The controlling principle applicable here is management by exception.

Answer 8:
Calculation of financial leverage of the company as follows:
financial leverage = \(\frac { Debt }{ Equity }\) = \(\frac { 15,00,000 }{ 25,00,000 }\) = 0.6

Note : Financial leverage can also be computed by using the following formula:
\(\frac { Debt }{ Debt + Equity }\)

Answer 9:
(i) Mansi adopted the production concept. The focus of business activities was on production of goods as the demand for goods started picking up as the supply was low. Thus, it was believed that profit could be maximised by producing at large scale, thereby, reducing the average cost of production.

(ii) (a) The main focus of production concept is on quantity of product.
(b) Availability and affordability of product is the means and profit through volume of production is the end.

Answer 10:
(i) The financial manager is involved in financial planning.
(ii) Following are the two essential elements of a sound financial plan:
(a) A sound financial plan should help in facilitating the collection of optimum funds.
(b) It should be able to tap appropriate sources at the appropriate time. Thus, it helps in fixing the most appropriate capital structure.

Answer 11:
Principles of management are the statements of fundamental truth that explain the relationship between variable factors. These principles serve as guidelines for decision-making of managers. Management principles are important as they provide useful insights into reality. The principles of management help the managers to increase their efficiency by increasing their knowledge and ability to understand the situations. They help the managers to learn from the past mistakes and conserve time by taking wise decisions quickly
e.g. A manager can give his authority of taking day-to-day decisions to his/her subordinate and deal only with exceptional situations, which require his/her expertise by following the principle of delegation of authority.

Answer 12:
Difference between delegation and decentralisation are:

Basis	Delegation	Decentralisation
Purpose	Purpose To lessen the burden of the manager.	To increase the role of the subordinates in the organisation by giving them more autonomy.
Scope	It has narrow scope as it is limited to superior and his immediate subordinate.	It has wider scope as it implies extension of delegation to the lowest level of management.
Status	It is a process followed to share tasks.	It is the result of the policy decision of top management.
Nature	It is a compulsory act because no individual can perform all the tasks on his own.	It is an optional policy decision. It is done at the discretion of the top management only.

Answer 13:
Apart from good physical features, required knowledge and competence, a leader requires many other qualities which are as follows:

Good Communication Skills A leader requires good communication skills so that he can explain his ideas, guide and motivate his followers. He needs to be a good listener too.
Initiative The leader does not wait for others but takes the first step and creates opportunities.
Motivation Skills He should be able to influence the actions of people through proper motivation.

Answer 14:
Following are the four impacts of government policy changes on business and industry:

Increasing Competition Changes in the rules of industrial licensing resulted in entering of foreign firms which has increased the competition for Indian firms. „
Need for Developing Human Resource The new market conditions require trained, committed personnel. Hence, the need for developing human resources arises.
Market Orientation It implies that after the changes in government policy, the firms first have to study the market and then produce the goods accordingly.
Loss of Budgetary Support to the Public Sectors Public sectors have less of budgetary support from the Central Government. Now, they have to generate their own resources and be more efficient in order to survive and grow.

Answer 15:
(i) It is related with the social objective of management. It deals with the commitment of an organisation towards society. Such objectives may relate with producing eco-friendly products, providing employment to the weaker sections of the society, etc.
By covering the costs and risks, the company has also achieved the organisational objectives. This objective is related with three aspects:

Survival Ensure the continuity of business operations.
Profit Earn a reasonable profit, which covers the costs and risks of the business.
Growth It ensures the success of business in the long-run.

(ii) Firstly, by manufacturing solar lanterns, company gives due value to the needs of the rural people, as they will be able to enjoy electricity in their respective areas. Secondly, by giving employment, they will raise the standard of living of rural people.

Answer 16:

Division of work is suitable for the above mentioned case, as this principle states that the whole work is divided into small tasks and should be assigned to the persons as per their capabilities and experience. This results in timely completion of work and leads to specialisation.
When workers are performing the task as per their specialisation, this will result in increased efficiency, reduced wastages, specialisation and timely completion of work.

Answer 17:
An ideal plan should be effective, simple and should make the objectives of an organisation clear.
It helps in achieving the targets, reduces the risk of uncertainty, helps in coordination and encourages innovation and creativity.

Some main characteristics are:

Clarity The objectives and goals to be achieved should be clearly defined.
Practicability The plan should be based on facts and their implementation should be possible.
Flexibility A plan should be flexible, so that it can adopt the changes.

Answer 18:
“Money is not the only motivator.” This statement is true in this context that an individual has certain psychological, emotional and social needs. Money cannot satisfy them.

In order to satisfy these needs, following non-financial incentives are required:

Promotion If an individual gets promotion in the organisation, it satisfies him psychologically as he gets a feeling that his hardwork is recognised.
Job Security Every individual needs stability in terms of future income, job, etc. If their job is secure, they do not feel worried and work with greater zeal.
Employee Participation It means involving employees in decision-making process. This kind of programmes motivate employees and they feel that their suggestions are of worth.
Employee Recognition Programmes It means acknowledgment for participation. If an employee has performed well then a certificate or momentum should be presented to him. This will motivate him to perform better in future also.

Answer 19:
Controlling is an important managerial function. It is concerned with taking preventive actions against deviations. It is the process, through which managers assure that the actual activities conform to the planned activities. Controlling has a very wide scope. It does not end only by comparing the actual performance with planned performance, but it tries to find the reasons and solutions for such problems also.

The main objectives of controlling are :

It ensures that work is carried on as per the planned targets.
It enables managers to find out deviations/errors, thus providing direction for the work to move on the right track.

Answer 20:
(i) Promoters are overlooking the social and moral values in order to promote their product. Firstly, they are neglecting the health of the people and secondly, they are adopting unfair advertising practices.

(ii) Following are the drawbacks which are evident in this case :

Effect on Values and Life Style In this case, they are using slogan ‘Come Alive’ for tobacco. How can a person come alive after using tobacco? It affects the social values of a customer and just for a style symbol, one can start using it after watching such promotional advertisements.
Encourage Sale of Hazardous Products Just because of advertisement, anything can be sold in the market. The customers get attracted to such an advertisment and start purchasing the product without considering the drawbacks of the products as in the advertisement only attractive features are highlighted.
Not Providing True Information As per the legal compulsion, it is necessary to show the statutory warning that “Pan masala chabana swasthya ke liye hanikarak hai.” But in the advertisement, they are neglecting this crucial issue and conveying wrong information about the product.

Answer 21:
Yes, it is concerned with inflow and outflow of money and taking decisions regarding procurement and utilisation of funds.

The importance of financial management are discussed below:

Sound financial plan facilitates the smooth functioning of operations in an organisation.
Finance is required at every stage and for performing activities like distribution, promotion, production, etc. Through financial management, one can analyse the need and requirement of finance to carry out operations.
Financial management provides complete coordination between various functional areas such as marketing, production, etc to achieve organisational goals. If financial management is defective, the efficiency of all other departments cannot be maintained.
Financial management provides scientific analysis of all the facts and figures, through which it helps in taking decisions.
Financial management plays a very important role in the success of the business organisation by advising the top management on the solutions to various financial problems.
Thus, we can say that financial management plays a key role in the success of business.

Answer 22:
Following steps are involved in the staffing process:

Estimating the Manpower Requirements It implies that company estimates the number and types of employees needed. It also analyses what type of skills, educational background, etc is required to perform a job.
Recruitment After estimating the number and type of candidates, second step is to search the prospective employees and stimulating them to apply for the job.
Selection It is the process of choosing the best among the available or we can say choosing the most suitable candidate to fill a vacant job.
Placement and Orientation Placement implies occupying of post by the candidate for which he is selected and orientation means introduction of new employees to the existing employees.
Training and Development These involve improving job knowledge, skills and attitudes of employees on a regular basis so that they may perform their jobs efficiently.

Answer 23:
Labelling is the process of putting label on the product. Generally, the producer is at liberty to choose the kind of label. But, it has been made compulsory by the government to use label for some products. Besides this, the description of label has also been fixed, e.g. It is mandatory to use the label along with its stipulated information on medicines and processed food.

A good label should provide the following information:

Name and address of the producer/dealer.
Weight and measurement of the product.
Size, color and appearance of the product.
Raw materials used in production.
Directions for the proper use of the product and cautions against misuse.
Date of packing and date of expiry.
Maximum retail price including local taxes.

Answer 24:
(i) The issue of shares through prospectus is appropriate, as suggested by Sahil, as a new company cannot issue right shares because this can only be done by existing companies. 0
(ii) There are various methods by which securities are issued in the primary market. They are:

Offer Through Prospectus/IPO Under this method, a company invites public to subscribe for its shares through issue of prospectus, which makes a direct appeal to investors to invest in the company, through an advertisement in the newspapers and magazines.
Offer for Sale Under this method, securities are not issued directly to the public, but are offered for sale through intermediaries like issuing houses or stock brokers.
Private Placement Private placement is the allotment of securities by a company to institutional investors and some selected individuals. It is considered beneficial because it helps to raise funds more quickly than a public issue.
Rights Issue This is a privilege given to existing shareholders to subscribe to a new issue of shares according to the terms and conditions of the company. The shareholders are offered the right to buy new shares in proportion to the number of shares they already possess. This right is called the pre-emptive right of the existing shareholders.
e-IPOs When the public issue is made through an online system of stock exchange, it is known as e-IPO, i.e. electronic Initial Public Offer.

Answer 25:
The function of management being performed by Mrs Leena here is organising.
Organising can be defined as a process that initiates implementation of plans by clarifying jobs and working relationships and effectively deploying resources for attainment of organisational objectives.

According to Henry Fayol, “To organise a business is to provide it with everything useful to its functioning : raw materials, machines, tools, capital and personnel.”
1. Identification and Division of Work The first step in the process of organising is to identify and divide the work into small and manageable activities so that duplication of work, resources and efforts can be avoided and the burden of work can be shared among the individuals working in the organisation.

2. Departmentalisation After the work has been identified and divided, the next step is to group the similar or related activities (jobs) into larger units called departments or divisions. This process is called departmentalisation. Departmentalisation facilitates specialisation and can be created on the basis stated below:

Functions (purchasing, marketing, finance, etc)
Products (cosmetics, garments, baby products, etc)
Territory (East, West, North, South)

3. Assignment of Duties After the formation of departments, the next step is to assign or allocate work to the member of each department. The work is allocated to the members on the basis of their skills, ability and competencies. The work must be assigned to those who are best fitted to perform it well.

4. Establishing Reporting Relationships Merely allocating work is not enough. Each individual working in the organisation should also know from whom he/she has to take orders and to whom he/she is accountable. This will help in creating a hierarchical structure and help in coordination amongst various departments.

We hope the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Business Studies Paper 6 help you. If you have any query regarding CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Business Studies Paper 6, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 History Paper 7

March 12, 2023

These Sample papers are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 History Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 History Paper 7.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 History Paper 7

Board	CBSE
Class	XII
Subject	History
Sample Paper Set	Paper 7
Category	CBSE Sample Papers

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 12 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme as prescribed by the CBSE is given here. Paper 7 of Solved CBSE Sample Paper for Class 12 History is given below with free PDF download solutions.

Time: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions

(i) Answer all the questions. Some questions have internal choice. Marks are indicated against each question.
(ii) Answer to question nos 1 to 3 carrying 2 marks should not exceed 30 words each.
(in’) Answer to question nos. 4 to 9 carrying 4 marks should not exceed 100 words. Students should attempt only 5 questions in this section.
(iv) Question 10 (for 4 marks) is a value based question and compulsory question.
(v) Answer to question nos 11 to 13 carrying 8 marks should not exceed 350 words.
(vi) Questions 14 – 16 are source based questions and have no internal choice.
(vii) Question 17 is a map question includes ‘identification’ and significant’ test items.

PART-A

Answer all the questions given below:

Question 1:
Write any two similarities between Jainism and Buddhism.

Question 2:
Akbar was impressed by Abul Fazl. Why?

Question 3:
Mention two features of the Indian constitution.

PART-B
Section-I

Answer any five of the following questions:

Question 4:
How did Asoka propagate and spread Buddhism?

Question 5:
“The rules of the Brahamanical text were not universally followed in ancient time”. Justify the statement.

Question 6:
Discuss the basic principles of Islam.

Question 7:
Discuss the Lotus Mahal and Hazara Ram temple of Vijayanagara.

Question 8:
Explain the Subsidiary Alliance.

Question 9:
Why did British Government give special focus on mapping?

Section-II

Value Based Question

Question 10:
Read the following passage and answer the question that follow.

“Sons were important for the continuity of the patrilineage, daughters were viewed rather differently within this framework. They had no claims to the resources of the household. Women do not entertain equal status in the society for a long period. What type of values should be followed to consider them equal.

PART – C

Answer all the questions given below:

Question 11:
Explain the important features of the religion of Harappan culture which are still prevalent.
OR
Discuss the emergence and teachings of Jainism.

Question 12:
How did A1 Biruni describe the caste system?
OR
Explain the aspects of the Mughal period which are highlighted by Abul Fazl’s Ain-l-Akbari?

Explain political life of Mahatma Gandhi.
OR
Discuss the genesis and development of Hindu Communalism.

PART – D

Source Based Questions

Question 14:
Read the following excerpt carefully and answer the questions that follows.

What the King’s Officials did

Here is an excerpt from the account of Megasthenes: Of the great officers of state, some … superintend the rivers, measure the land, as is done in Egypt, and inspect the sluices by which water is let out from the main canals into their branches, so that everyone may have an equal supply of it. The same persons have charge also of the huntsmen, and are entrusted with the power of rewarding or punishing them according to their desires. They collect the taxes, and superintend the occupations connected with land; as those of the woodcutters, the carpenters, the blacksmiths, and the miners.

Mention any three features of the Mauryan administration under Asoka.
Write the jobs done by the officers of the state.
What are the other sources for studying the empire?

Question 15:
Read the following excerpt carefully and answer the questions that follow.

Kings and Traders

Krishnadeva Raya (ruled 1509-29), the most famous ruler of Vijayanagara, composed a work on statecraft in Telugu known as the Amuktamalyada. About traders he wrote: A king should improve the harbours of his country and so encourage its commerce that horses, elephants, precious gems, sandalwood, pearls and other articles are freely imported … He should arrange that the foreign sailors who land in his country on account of storms, illness and exhaustion are looked after in a suitable manner… Make the merchants of distant foreign countries who import elephants and good horses be attached to yourself by providing them with daily audience, presents and allowing decent profits. Then those articles will never go to your enemies.

Which item of import was most important and why?
Why was trade important to the king?
Write three measures the king suggested for encouraging trade.

Question 16:
Read the following excerpt carefully and answer the questions that follow.

On that day in Supa

On 16 May 1875, the District Magistrate of Poona wrote to the Police Commissioner: On arrival at Supa on Saturday 15 May I learnt of the disturbance. One house of a moneylender was burnt down; about a dozen were forcibly broken into and completely gutted of their content. Account papers, bonds, grains, country cloth were burnt in the street where heaps of ashes are still to be seen. The chief constable apprehended 50 persons. Stolen property worth ₹2000 was recovered. The estimated loss is over ₹ 25,000. Moneylenders claim it is over 1 lakh.

Mention the pattern that was seen in places where the revolt spread.
How did the British react?
Why did the Ryotwari system in the Deccan lead to revolts?

PART-E

Map Questions

Question 17:
17.1. On the given outline map of India, locate and label the following with appropriate symbols.
(a) Kingdom of Cheras
(b) Nasik – A Buddhist site

17.2. On the same outline map of India three centres related to Indian National movement have been marked as A, B and C. Identify them and write their correct names on the lines drawn near them.

Answers

Answer 1:
(i) Both the religions were founded by Princes. Both were kshatriyas and they left home in search of truth.
(ii) The aim of both the religions was salvation.

Answer 2:
(i) Abul Fazl was an independent thinker. He always opposed the orthodox views of ulemas.
(ii) Akbar was very much impressed by these traits of Abul Fazl. He found Abul Fazl as an appropriate person and as a spokesperson of his policies and as his advisor.

Answer 3:
(i) Granting the right to vote to every adult citizen of India. It was called the universal adult franchise.
(ii) Emphasis on secularism. It is the soul of the Indian constitution.

Answer 4:
(i) Kalinga war changed Asoka. He left the policy of war and gave his heart and soul in spreading and propagating Buddhism. He also followed the rules which he propagated.
(ii) Asoka engraved all rules about the religion of Buddhism on the inscriptions, stones, caves. The rules were engraved in the language of common masses so that it could be Understand.
(iii) He built many stupas and viharas which became centres of Buddhism. He provided economic help to all the Buddhist monasteries.
(iv) Asoka made journey to Buddhist pilgrims. He sent his son Mahendra and daughter Sanghamitra to Sri Lanka to propagate Buddhism. Asoka moulded Buddhism into a world religion.

Answer 5:
(i) The women would give up their gotra after their marriage and adopt the gotra of their husband. The Satavahana queens did not do so.
(ii) According to the Brahmanical books, only the Kshatriyas could be the rulers, but many Brahmans and Vaishyas were also the rulers.
(iii) Many classes were there whose profession did not match the vama system. Nishad and nomadic people reared the cattle.
(iv) Marriages were solemnized outside the caste system, though the Brahmanical books did not permit them.
On the basis of sex, the right to property was often given to the men; whereas Prabhavati Gupta enjoyed the right to property.

Answer 6:
These principles are accepted as the five pillars of faith by the followers of Islam.
(i) Allah is one God. Prophet Mohammad is the messenger of Allah and Holy Quran is the order of Allah.
(ii) The followers of Islam should offer prayers five times a day. It is known as Namaz.
(iii) They should give alms (Zakat) to the poor.
(iv) The followers of Islam keep fast during the month of Ramzan.
(v) Followers of Islam should go on a pilgrimage to Mecca once in their lives.

Answer 7:
Lotus Mahal:

(i) The royal centre of Vijaynagara had a very beautiful building. It was called the Lotus Mahal by a British traveller in the 19th century.
(ii) Many historians are not clear still about that for what purpose the building was used.
(iii) Mackenzie mentioned that it could be a council chamber where king used to attend the meetings with his advisors.
Hazara Ram Temple:
(i) It had a spectacular architeture. It was probably used by the king and his family.
(ii) No idols have been found in this temple while it had sculpted panels on the walls, included the scenes from the Ramayana on the inner walls.

Answer 8:
(i) The first step towards the acquisition of Awadh was the imposition of the Subsidiary Alliance in 1801. To expand British territories in India, governor general Wellesley devised the method of Subsidiary Alliance in 1798.
(ii) Linder the Subsidiary Alliance the native nawab signing the treaty was compelled to accept the following terms.
(a) Permanent stationing of British troops in his territory. Payment of subsidiary for the maintenance of the troops.
(b) Posting of British Resident in his court to act accordance with his advice. He would not employ any European without approval of the British and no negotiation to be done with any other ruler without consulting the Governor General.

Answer 9:
(i) British government gave special focus on mapping as it believed that good maps are very much necessary to understand the landscapes and to know about the topography.
(ii) Whenever towns started to grow then maps were prepared to make plans of development of these towns. Maps were prepared to develop commerce and consolidate the power.
(iii) Maps of the towns provide the information regarding the location of rivers; hills and vegetation. This information is very important for planning structures for the defence utility.
(iv) The maps were also used to show density and quality of houses and alignment of roads; location of ghats and guage the trading possibilities and prepare a plan or strategies for taxation.

Answer 10:
Expected answer.

Both sex are equal
No gender biased discrimination.
Positive attitude and cooperation.
To maintain social honour.

Answer 11:

Lord Shiva was worshipped by most of the people during the Harappan civilization.
Lord Shiva is still worshipped by crores of people.
The people of Harappan culture worshiped mother goddess. In modem time, the mother goddess is worshiped all over India with devotion and dedication.
Many people find the abode of gods and goddesses in peepal and other trees.
The people of the Harappan age worshipped ox and other animals. These days all such animals are known as the carriers of various gods and goddesses.
The worship of Shivalingam is prevalent in the Hindu religion.
The people of Harappan civilisation considered water as pious and sacred. They used to take bath in the ‘Great Bath’ on religions occasions.
Such glory and piety of the water still exists at prominent places where people take bath on different religious occasions.

Answer 12:

Al-Biruni has described the caste system in India. He mentioned similar systems in other societies of the world.
There were four social categories in ancient Persia.
(a) Knight and Princes
(b) Monks – fire priests and lawyers
(c) Scientists, Astronomers and physicians
(d) Peasants and Artisans
Al Biruni accepted the Brahmanical description of the caste system but he did not accept its notion of pollution. According to him, that is impure attempts to regain its original condition of purity. The sun cleans the air. He considered the notion of social pollution as contrary to the laws of nature.
The system of four vamas: A1 Biruni gave an account of the system of vamas of Indian society.
(a) Brahmans: They belonged to the highest caste, as they were created from the head of Brahma. The Hindus consider them superb of mankind.
(b) Kshatriyas: The were the important part of the society but below the Brahmans. They were created from the shoulders and hands of Brahma.
(c) Vasishyas: They were ranked at the third position as the were created from the thigh of Brahma.
(d) Shudras: They were at bottom of the social hierarchy. They were created from the feet of Brahma. No big difference was there between the vaishyas and shudras.
‘Al-Biruni’s description of the caste system was deeply influenced by his study of normative Sanskrit books.
The caste system was based on the rules framed by the Brahmans but in real life this system was not very rigid.

Abul Fazl wrote Ain-i-Akbari in 1598. It was a part of the project of writing of history under the order of Akbar. It is also called as Akbar Nama. It is a compendiun of imperial regulations.
Akbar Nama is gazette of the Mughal empire. It gave detailed information about the different aspects of life during the Mughal regime.
It is a comprehensive analysis of the court, administration and army. It depicts the literary, cultural and religious traditions of the people.
Akbar-Nama gives a physical layout of the provinces of Akbar’s empire and enumerates the sources of the revenue.
It mentions about the different custom and practices of the Mughal period. It also explains short biographical sketches of imperial officials such as mansabdars.
The book was to facilitate emperor Akbar in the governance of its empire, not a reproduction of official papers.
Ain – i – Akbari was an authentic attempt to present quantitative data at one place basically.
It was an outstanding testimonial of its times. It provides a fascinating look into the glimpses of the structure and organisation of the Mughal empire.

Answer 13:

Mahatma Gandhi attained a supreme place in history of the modem India. Under his leadership the national movement got such a way which led directly to independence of India in 1947. His weapons were truth and non-violence. He forced the British to quit India.
His political life was begun in South Africa. He came back from England and started his pratice as lawyer in India.
When Gandhiji reached South Africa he observed that the condition of Indians was pitiable. The white government of South Africa maltreated them.
Gandhiji could not tolerate their insult so he started his satyagraha against the white government of South Africa. He helped the people in getting their rights.
Gandhiji came to India from South Africa in 1916. The British government was fighting the World War I against the Axis powers. British needed both men and money. Then he appealed to the people to cooperate with them.
Gandhiji’s strategy was to win the hearts of the British by helping them as he was convinced that the British would set free India after the end of war.
First World War ended but the British did not do anything to make free India. Contrary to the expectations of the people, they passed the Rowlatt Act.
Gandhiji was upset to see this drastic law. He decided to start non-cooperation movement against the British Rule in 1920. It was called off as violence took place at Chauri Chaura in Uttar Pradesh. Many other movements were also led by him to make India free from the British.

The Hindu landlords, Mahajans and middle class professionals had started to threaten anti Muslim feelings after 1870.
They instigated people by reminding them the absolutism of Muslim rulers and their atrocities on people dining the medieval age.
They considered the issue of Hindi in the United Province and Bihar. They gave it a communal color.
They propagated that Urdu was the language of the Muslims and Hindu was the language of the Hindus.
Many campaigns were organised against the cowslaughter all over the country after 1890. They were against the Muslims not against the British.
The British military cantonments were left open for the cow-slaughter.
In Punjab, the Hindu Sabha was established. In 1909, it critisised Congress saying that the latter wanted to unite all the communities.
It opposed the anti-imperialist policies of Congress. It waged a war against the Muslims and wanted to appease the British.

Answer 14:
(i) (a) Empire was divided into districts and district consisted of a number of villages.
(b) District head was known as Sthanika, and village headman was called gramika.
(c) The king had supreme powers. A council of ministers or mantri parishad, advised the king.

(ii) (a) Some of the officers measured the land and collected taxes.
(b) Some were the incharge of huntsmen who were entrusted with the power of rewarding of punishing them as required.

(iii) (a) Literary sources like Chanakya’s ‘Arthashastra’ and Megasthanes’ Indica.
(b) Buddhist, Jaina, Puranic literature and Sanskrit literary works like the Mudrarakshasa.

Answer 15:
(i) (a) Most important item of import was horses.
(b) War was dependent on an efficient cavalry’.

(ii) (a) Revenue derived from trade contributed significantly to the prosperity of the state.
(b) Trade was considered as a status symbol. Wealthy population demanded high value exotic goods, mainly precious stones and jewellery.

(iii) (a) Importance of harbours
(b) Foreign sailors were suitably looked after.
(c) Encoraging traders to settle and indulge in trade activities.

Answer 16:
(i) (a) The ‘Sahukars’ were attacked. Bahi khatas were burnt and debt bonds which were legally enforceable destroyed.
(b) Terrified of peasant attacks, the Sahukars fled from the village left their property and other belongings behind.

(ii) (a) Police posts were established in village to frighten the rebellious peasants.
(b) Troops were mobilised quickly and 951 people were arrested.

(iii) (a) The revenue demand was high and subject to revision as per government will.
(b) In the presence of the resentment, anger and fury, perception of injustice and suffering, historian got a glimpse of the life of rebels.
(c) Revolts produced records; actions of state to repress them; enquiry into its causes and remedial policies to formulate peace.

Answer 17:
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 History Paper 1 img 7
(2) (A) Ahmedabad (B) Amritsar (C) Champaran

We hope the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 History Paper 7 help you. If you have any query regarding CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 History Paper 7, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 History Paper 6

March 12, 2023

These Sample papers are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 History Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 History Paper 6.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 History Paper 6

Board	CBSE
Class	XII
Subject	History
Sample Paper Set	Paper 6
Category	CBSE Sample Papers

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 12 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme as prescribed by the CBSE is given here. Paper 6 of Solved CBSE Sample Paper for Class 12 History is given below with free PDF download solutions.

Time: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions

(i) Answer all the questions. Some questions have internal choice. Marks are indicated against each question.
(ii) Answer to question nos l to 3 carrying 2 marks should not exceed 30 words each.
(iii) Answer to question nos. 4 to 9 carrying 4 marks should not exceed 100 words. Students should attempt only 5 questions in this section.
(iv) Question 10 (for 4 marks) is a value based question and compulsory question.
(v) Answer to question nos 11to 13 carrying 8 marks should not exceed 350 words.
(vi) Questions 14 -16 are source based questions and have no internal choice.
(vii) Question 17 is a map question includes ‘identification’ and significant’ test items.

PART-A

Answer all the questions given below:

Question 1:
Who wrote Harshacharita? What is it about?

Question 2:
Who was Basavanna? Which Bhakti movement did he lead?

Question 3:
What was the significance of the Congress annual session at Lahore in Dec. 1929?

PART-B
Section-I

Answer any five of the following questions:

Question 4:
What were found in burials at the Harappan sites? Discuss.

Question 5:
In what way the begums of Bhopal helped in preserving the Stupa at Sanchi?

Question 6:
Discuss the major teachings of Guru Nanak Dev.

Question 7:
Discuss the distinctive features of the Vitthala Temple.

Question 8:
Explain the religious causes for the mutiny of 1857.

Question 9:
“India is a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic” How? Explain.

Section-II

Value Based Question

Question 10:
Read the following passage and answer the question that follow:

The Constituent Assembly finally recommended that untouchability be abolished. Hindu temples be thrown open to all castes, and seats in legislature and jobs in government offices be reserved for the lowest castes.
Untouchability was a social evil which was abolished by the Constituent Assembly. Which values were to be expected to develop among the people of the different caste groups?

PART-C

Answer all the questions given below:

Question 11:
What is vama system? Explain the ideal occupations for each vama.
OR
Discuss the causes for the development of a new belief of Mahayana in Buddhism.

Question 12:
Discuss the unique system of communication in India which amazed Ibn Battuta with special reference to the postal system.
OR
What were the collective features of the Mughal nobility?

Question 13:
Discuss the impacts of American civil war of 1861 on Indian peasants.
OR
Examine the conditions of women in the social changes that took place in the cities during the 19^thcentury.

Part-D

Source Based Question

Question 14:
Read the following excerpt carefully and answer the questions that follow:

The Malabar Coast

Here is an excerpt from Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, composed by an anonymous Greek sailor (c. first century CE): They (i.e. traders from abroad) send large ships to these market – towns on account of the great quantity and bulk of pepper and malabathrum (possibly cinnamon, produced in these regions). These are imported here, in the first place, a great quantity of coin; topaz …antimony (a mineral used as a colouring substance), coral, crude glass, copper, tin, lead… There is exported pepper, which is produced in quantity in only one region near these markets … Besides this there are exported great quantities of fine pearls, ivory, silk cloth,… transparent stones of all kinds, diamonds and sapphires, and tortoise shell. Archaeological evidence of a bead-making industry, using precious and semi-precious stones, has been found in Kodumanal (Tamil Nadu). It is likely that local traders brought the stones mentioned in the Periplus from sites such as these to the coastal ports.

How did the exchange of goods take place?
Mention the working of the bead making industry.
Write the importance of the Malabar coast.

Question 15:
Read the following excerpt carefully and answer the questions that follow:

Cash or Kind?

The Ain on land revenue collection: Let him (the amil – guzar) not make it a practice of taking only in cash but also in kind. The latter is effected in several ways. First, kankut: in the Hindi language kan signifies grain, and kut, estimates … If any doubts arise, the crops should be cut and estimated in three lots, the good, the middling, and the inferior, and the hesitation removed. Often, too, the land taken by appraisement, gives a sufficiently accurate return. Secondly, batai, also called bhaoli, the crops are reaped and stacked and divided by agreement in the presence of the parties. But in this case several intelligent inspectors are required; otherwise, the evil- minded and false are given to deception. Thirdly, khet-batai, when they divide the fields after they are sown. Fourthly, lang batai, after cutting the grain, they form it in heaps and divide it among themselves, and each takes his share home and turns it to profit.

What was Kankut?
Which of the four methods of revenue collection was best suited for the farmer?
Name the four methods of assessing the land revenue.

Question 16:
Read the following excerpt carefully and answer the questions that follow:

I believe sparate electorates will be suicidal to minorities

During the debate on 27 August 1947, Govind Ballabh Pant said: I believe separate electorates will be suicidal to the minorities and will do them tremendous harm. If they are isolated for ever, they can never convert themselves into a majority and the feeling of frustration will cripple them even from the very beginning. What is it that you desire and what is our ultimate objective? Do the minorities always want to remain as minorities or do they ever expect to form an integral part of a great nation and as such to guide and control its destinies? If they do, can they ever achieve that aspiration and that ideal if they are isolated from the rest of the community? I think it would be extremely dangerous for them if they were segregated from the rest of the community and kept aloof in an air-tight compartment where they would have to rely on others even for the air they breathe… The minorities if they are returned by separate electorates can never have any effective voice.

What are separate electorates?
Why were some Muslims like Begum Aizaz Rasul against it?
Why did G.B Pant felt separate electorates would be suicidal for the minorities? When did he say so?

Question 17:
(17.1) On the given outline map of India locate and label the following with appropriate symbols:
(a) Surat: (city under British control 1857)
(b) Jhansi: (centre of the revolt)

(17.2). On the same outline map of India, three centres related to mature Harappan sites have been marked as A, B, and C. Identify them and write their correct names on the lines drawn after them.

Answers

Answer 1:
(i) Banabhatta wrote Harshacharita.
(ii) Harshacharita is a biography of Harshvardhana, who was the ruler of Kannauj Banabhatta composed it in Sanskrit.

Answer 2:
(i) Basavanna was a brahmana. He was initially a jaina and minister in the court of Chalukya king.
(ii) His followers were known as Virashaivas, the heros of Shiva.

Answer 3:
(i) The election of Jawaharlal Nehru as President.
(ii) The proclamation of commitment to ‘Puma Swaraj’.

Answer 4:
(i) Jewellery has been traced in burials of both men and women. There are several instances where dead were buried with copper mirrors.
(ii) Some graves at Harappa had pottery and ornaments. These objects indicated a belief that these could be used in the after life.
(iii) Throughout the length and breadth of the Harappan settlement the archaeologists have found querns, pottery, needles, flesh, rubbers etc.
(iv) In the excavations at the cemetery in Harappan an ornament consisting of three shell rings, a jasper bead and hundreds of micro beads were found near the skull of a male.

Answer 5:
(i) Shahjahan Begum and her successor Sultan Jahan Begum of Bhopal were the rulers of Bhopal. They made generous grants to the preservation of the Stupa of Sanchi.
(ii) A museum was built nearby the stupa and it was built on the financial aid of Begum Sultan Jahan Begum.
(iii) Some support to preserve the stupa received from the Europeans.
(iv) French and British both took the plaster cast copies of the pillars of the stupas to be displayed in the museums at France and Britain. They contributed financially to preserve the stupa.

Answer 6:
(i) Guru Nanak Dev insisted that his followers should live in their houses and should try to attain salvation by giving them duty in a proper way.
(ii) He opposed the caste system prevalent in the society and gave the message that all caste based comparisons are baseless as we all are the same.
(iii) Guru Nanak Dev asked his followers to adopt productive and useful occupations and expected to contribute to the general funds of community welfare.
(iv) He opposed idol worship and gave the message that god is omnipresent. Worshipping him in the form of idol is baseless. Further he emphasised that the differences of caste, creed and gender are of no use to attain salvation.

Answer 7:
(i) The Vitthala Temple is in Hampi, constructed by Krishnadeva Raya in 1513. Construction work was started by Krishnadeva Raya, but it also continued after his death. It is dedicated to Vitthala or the Vishnu.
(ii) This temple is constructed in a compound measuring 152 x 94 meters and has three beautiful Gopurams.
(iii) There are 48 magnificent pillars in Kalyana Mandapa that have been carved out of rocks.
(iv) The artistic work on the pillar is very beautiful. A chariot built in the front of the temple add to the beauty of the temple.

Answer 8:
(i) People during the Company rule felt that their religious sentiments are systematically hurt by the government. For them it was an attack on their religious freedom, and an insult.
(ii) Immediate cause: The soldiers were given cartridge greased with cow and pig fat. This causes angry among the Muslims and Hindus alike.
(iii) Reforms by company: The company introduced many religious and social reforms. Many Indians began to believe that it was an attempt on the part the government deviate them from their own religions.
(iv) Activities of Christian Missionaries: Christian missionaries started their work in India. Many of them were involved in spread of education, local people looked upon them with suspicion.

Answer 9:
(i) The constitution of India lays down certain basic features which can not be changed or modified by legitimate authority of India.
(ii) The constitution declares India to be sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic. India is sovereign, as it is independent of any foreign control.
(iii) It is socialist as it aims at social and economic equality. It is secular as there is no state religion of India.
(iv) It is democratic as the government is elected by the people directly after every five years. It is a republic because the head of the state is also elected for fixed term of five years by the elected representatives.

Answer 10:
Expected values:

Cooperation and coordination
Fraternity and equality.
Social Harmony
Unity in diversity.

Answer 11:

According to the vama system society was divided into four vamas. They were the Brahman, the Kshatriya, the Vaishya and the Shudra.
The place of the each vama was fixed in the society on the basis of the birth.
Ideal occupation: The ideal occupation for each vama was prescribed in the Dharamasutras.
The Brahamans occupied the highest rank in the society. They taught Vedas and performed sacrifices.
The Kshatriyas were engaged in warfare and their main function was to protect their people.
In the Vama system, the Vaishya were engaged in trade, agriculture and other activities.
The fourth and last vama was Shudra. They served the three higher Vamas.
The people of each vama in the society followed the set instructions and no one violated the social norms.

By the first century CE, there is evidence of changes in Buddhist ideas and practices. Buddhist teachings had given great importance to self effort in achieving nibbna (nirvana).
Buddha was regarded as human being who attained enlightenment or nibbna through his own efforts.
The idea of a saviour emerged gradually. It was believed that he was one who could ensure salvation.
The concept of Bodhisatva also developed who were perceived as deeply compassionate beings who accumulated merit through their efforts.
These were not used to attain nibbana and thereby abandon the world, but to help others, (vz’) The worship of images of the Buddha and Bodhisatvas became an important part of their tradition.
The new way of thinking was called Mahayana. It was literally known as ‘The Great Vehicle.’
Followers of Mahayana regarded other Buddhist as Hinayana.

Answer 12:

Due to the efficiency of the postal system Ibn Battuta was amazed, that allowed merchants to not only send information and remit credit across long distances but also to dispatch goods required at short notice.
The postal system was so efficient that while it took fifty days to reach Delhi from Sind, the news reports of spies would reach Sultan through postal system in just five days,
According to Ibn Battuta, in India, postal system was of two types:
(a) The horse post called Ulug it was run by royal horses stationed at a distance of every four miles.
(b) The foot post has three stations per mile called ‘dawa’-one third of a mile.
At every third of a mile there was a well populated village, outside which were three pavilions in which sat men with girded loins ready to start. Each of them carried a rod two cubit in length, with copper belt at the top.
The courier get started from the city, holding the letter in one hand and the rod with its bells in the other, and he ran as fast as he could.
On hearing the ringing of the bell the man at the other pavilion got ready and took the letter from his hands and ran at the top speed shaking the rod till he reached the next dawa.
The process continued till the latter reached at the ultimate station destination.
This way the foot post was quicker than the horse post, and often it was used to transport the fruits of Khurasom which were much desired in India.

The corps of officers was one of the most important pillars of the Mughal state. It was referred by historians collectivity as the nobility.
The nobility was recruited from diverse ethnic and religious groups. It ensured that no factors were enough to make challenge the authority of the state.
These corps of the Mughals were described as a bouquet of flowers held together by loyalty of the emperor. Turani and Iranian nobles were the earliest in Akbar’s imperial service. Many had accompanied Humayun and others migrated later to the Mughal’s court.
From 1560 onwards two ruling groups of Indian origin entered the imperial service-the Rajputs and Indian Muslims. Raj Balrmal Kachhwaha of Amber, was a Rajput chief who joined first as his daughter got married to Akbar.
Iranians joined high offices under Jahangir as his politically influential Queen Nur Jahan was an Iranian.
Aurangzeb appointed Rajputs to high positions and under him the Marathas accounted for a sizeable number within the body of officers.
All holders of the government offices hold rank or mansabs having designation ‘Zat’. It was the indication of position in the imperial hierarchy and the salary of the Mansabdar.
The second one was of sawar, indicating the number of horsemen. He was required to maintain in service. The nobles participated in military campaign and also served as officers of the empire in provinces.

Answer 13:

American Civil War that began in 1860 had a huge impact on the ryots of Deccan region in India.
Britain was the country where large cotton mills were operational. These cotton mills depended on cotton imported from North America.
During the Civil War it was not possible to import cotton from there (America).
The cotton mills were compelled to look forward towards alternative suppliers of cotton apart from the United State of America, India made a good option.
The peasants in Deccan were encouraged to grow more cotton. Access to credit was an easy way. The sahukars would give credit of ₹100 for every acre of land under cotton cultivation.
The farmers benefited out of this demand for cotton. The real beneficiary were the big farmers and traders.
Things changed as normalcy returned to U.S.A. Now the demand for cotton in India declined. The easy availability of credit also declined.
The ryots fell back to old days of penury and rose in rebellion in many places.

Though the social changes did not happen with ease, but in cities new opportunities for women were offered.
Middle class women sought to express themselves through the medium of journals, autobiographies and books.
Many people resented the attempts to change traditional patriarchal norms.
Conservatives feared that the education of women would turn the world upside down and threaten the basis of the entire social order.
Reformers who supported women’s education saw women primarily as mothers and wives and made them to remain within the enclosed spaces of the household.
Over time women became more visible in public, as they entered new professions in the city as domestic and factory workers, teachers and theatre and film actresses.
But for a long time women who moved out of the household into public space remained the objects of social censure.

Answer 14:
(i) (a) Exchange of goods were facilitated by introduction of coinage. Coins were issued not only by rulers but symbols on punch-marked coin indicate it is likely merchants, bankers too issued them etc.
(b) Topaz, glass, copper, tin were probably imported and in demand. Spices, tortoise shell were exported in exchange.

(ii) (a) The bead making industry found at Kodumahal, used precious and semi-precious stones found in the region.
(b) The local traders bought the stones from the sites to the coastal ports for exchange
and trade with traders from abroad.

(iii) (a) Malabar coast was an important link in India’s trade imports and exports.
(b) From 6th century BCE the ports that dotted the west coast connected India overseas.
(c) The ports connected the sub continent across the Arabian sea in East and North Africa and West Asia.

Answer 15:
(i) (a) It was the land revenue system prevalent during Mughal period in India.
(b) It is made of two words ‘Kan’ and ‘Kut’, meaning, the grain and estimate respectively. It means the estimate of grain.

(ii) (a) The long batai system was the most fair because the crop was divided after cutting of the grain.
(b) The dues were computed there and then, to the advantage of both the state and the peasants. This system left no scope for either the state or peasants being in any doubt as in the case of Kankut or khet batai.
(c) The only essential requirement was an army of honest officials to be present at the time of division.

(iii) (a) Kankut
(b) Batai (bhaoli)
(c) Khet – batai
(d) Long batai

Answer 16:
(i) Separate electorates meant that in certain constituencies seats were reserved only for the members of a particular community or religion.

(ii) (a) Begum Aizaz Rasul felt that separate electorates were self destructive.
(b) They isolated the minorities from the majority.

(iii) (a) G.B. Pant felt separate electorates were suicidal because it would permanently isolate and segregate the minorities.
(b) They make them vulnerable and deprive them of an effective say within the government.
(c) He said this on 27 August 1947 during the debate.

Answer 17:
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 History Paper 1 img 6
(2) (A) Nageshwar (B) Kot Diji (C) Mohenjodaro

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CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 History Paper 5

March 12, 2023

These Sample papers are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 History Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 History Paper 5.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 History Paper 5

Board	CBSE
Class	XII
Subject	History
Sample Paper Set	Paper 5
Category	CBSE Sample Papers

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 12 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme as prescribed by the CBSE is given here. Paper 5 of Solved CBSE Sample Paper for Class 12 History is given below with free PDF download solutions.

Time: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions

(i) Answer all the questions. Some questions have internal choice. Marks are indicated against each question.
(ii) Answer to question nos 1 to 3 carrying 2 marks should not exceed 30 words each.
(iii) Answer to question nos. 4 to 9 carrying 4 marks should not exceed 100 words. Students should attempt only 5 questions in this section.
(iv) Question 10 (for 4 marks) is a value based question and compulsory question.
(v) Answer to question nos 11 to 13 carrying 8 marks should not exceed 350 words.
(vi) Questions 14 -16 are source based questions and have no internal choice.
(vii) Question 17 is a map question includes ‘identification’ and significant test items.

PART-A

Answer all the questions given below:

Question 1:
Mention two important characteristics of the Harappan script.

Question 2:
Whose books did Al-Biruni translate into Arabic and Sanskrit?

Question 3:
State two features of Ricardian ideas.

PART-B
Section-I

Answer any five of the following questions:

Question 4:
What means were used by Asoka to maintain control over the diverse empire?

Question 5:
Who were regarded as beyond the four vamas?

Question 6:
Why is Ibn Batuta known as globe trotter? Discuss.

Question 7:
Discuss the responsible factors for the decline of the Vijayanagara Empire.

Question 8:
What steps did the British take to quell the uprising?

Question 9:
What was the role of introduction of railway in 1853 in the process of urbanisation?

Section-II

Value Based Question

Question 10:
Read the following passage and answer the question that follow.

“Mahabharata describes a feud over land and power between two groups of cousins, the Kauravas and the Pandavas who belonged to a single ruling family, that of the Kurus, a lineage dominating one of the janapadas. Ultimately, the conflict ended in a battle in which the Pandavas emerged victorious. Many conflicts and wars took place in the history of the world with different purposes. The Mahabharta, a furious battle took place between two groups of cousins over land and power. Mention the values by which the battle could be stopped or ignored.

PART-C

Answer all the questions given below.

Question 11:
Evaluate the trade relations of the Harappans with West Asia.
OR
Why did Amaravati stupa not survive?

Question 12:
Mention the similarities between sufism and bhakti movements.
OR
How was the ideal of Sulh-i-kul implemented?

Question 13:
Why did the colonial rulers develop hill stations? Explain.
OR
Elaborate the causes that led to the non-cooperation movement.

PART-D

Source Based Questions

Question 14:
Read the following excerpt carefully and answer the questions that follow.

In Praise of Samudragupta

This is an excerpt from the Prayaga Prashasti: He was without an antagonist on earth; he, by the overflowing of the multitude of (his) many good qualities adorned by hundreds of good actions, has wiped off the fame of other kings with the soles of (his) feet; (he is) Purusha (the Supreme Being), being the cause of the prosperity of the good and the destruction of the bad (he is) incomprehensible; (he is) one whose tender heart can be captured only by devotion and humility; (he is) possessed of compassion; (he is) the giver of many hundred-thousands of cows; (his) mind has received ceremonial initiation for the uplift of the miserable, the poor, the forlorn and the suffering; (he is) resplendent and embodied kindness to mankind; (he is) equal to (the gods) Kubera (the god of wealth), Varuna (the god of the ocean), Indra (the god * of rains) and Yama (the god of death)…

What is a Prashasti? Who wrote the above Prashasti?
Why did rulers identify themselves with a variety of deities?
Mention the sources for studying about the Guptas.

Question 15:
Read the following excerpt carefully and answer the questions that follow.

Declining a royal gift

This excerpt from a sufi text describes the proceedings at Shaikh Nizamuddin Auliya’s hospice in 1313:1 (the author, Amir Hasan Sijzi) had the good fortune of kissing his (Shaikh Nizamuddin Auliya’s) feet… At this time a local ruler had sent him the deed of ownership to two gardens and much land, along with the provisions and tools for their maintenance. The ruler had also made it clear that he was relinquishing all his rights to both the gardens and land. The master … had not accepted that gift. Instead, he had lamented: “What have I to do with gardens and fields and lands? … None of… our spiritual masters had engaged in such activity.” Then he told an appropriate story: “… Sultan Ghiyasuddin, who at that time was still known as Ulugh Khan, came to visit Shaikh Fariduddin (and) offered some money and ownership deeds for four villages to the Shaikh, the money being for the benefit of the dervishes (sufis), and the land for his use. Smiling, Shaikh al Islam (Fariduddin) said: ‘Give me the money. I will dispense it to the dervishes. But as for those land deeds, keep them. There are many who long for them. Give them away to such persons.’”

What does it reflect about sufi traditions?
Mention two contributions of Sufism.
Where is Sheikh Nizamuddin’s dargah located and which order did he belong to? What is Silsila?

Question 16:
Read the following excerpt carefully and answer the questions that follow.

A ryot petition

This is an example of a petition from a ryot of the village of Mirajgaon. Taluka Kaijat, to the Collector, Ahmednagar, Deccan Riots Commission:
The sowkars (sahukars)… have of late begun to oppress us. As we cannot earn enough to defray our household expenses, we are actually forced to beg of them to provide us with money, clothes and grain, which we obtain from them not without great difficulty, nor without their compelling us to enter into hard conditions in the bond. Moreover the necessary clothes and grain are not sold to us at cash rates. The prices asked from us are generally twenty-five or fifty per cent more than demanded from customers making ready money payments… The produce of our fields is also taken by the sowkars, who at the time of removing it assure us that it will be credited to our account, but they do not actually make any mention of it in the accounts. They also refuse to pass us any receipts for the produce so removed by them.

Why were the ryots not given loans by ‘Sahukars’?
Mention the difficulties the ryots had to face for getting loans from the Sahukars.
Why were the ryots unable to pay the inflated demand?

PART-E

Question 17:
Map Question.
17.1 On the given outline map of India, locate and label the following with appropriate symbols
(a) Mathura (b) Ujjain

17.2 On the same outline map of India three centres related to the main centres of Indian
National Movement have been marked as A, B and C. Identify them and write their correct names on the lines drawn near them.

Answers

Answer 1:
(i) It was not alphabetical but pictographic (had between 375 and 400 signs) script was written from left to right.
(ii) Despite constant efforts has not been deciphered to date.

Answer 2:
(i) Al-Biruni translated Patanjali’s work on Sanskrit Grammar into Arabic.
(ii) He also translated Euclids (a greek Mathematicians book) into Sanskrit.

Answer 3:
(i) Landowner had only claim to average rent and state needed to tax the surplus.
(ii) If surplus of landowner was not taxed, landowners were unlikely to invest in improvement of the land, but were likely to turn into rentiers.

Answer 4:
(i) Communication along both land and riverine routes vital for the empire, were well maintained as journey from centre to the provinces could take weeks and were difficult.
(ii) A large standing army was maintained to ensure provisions and protection of those who were on the move.
(iii) Megasthenes mentioned, a committee of 30, with 6 sub-committees of 5 members each, for co-ordinating military activity.
(iv) Asoka set a very high ideal and this was the ideal of paternal kingship. He also tried to hold his empire by propagating dhamma, through special officers known as Dhamma Mahamattas. He abandoned the policy of physical occupation-bherigosha in favour of policy of cultural conquest i.e. dhammaghosha.

Answer 5:
(i) The Brahmanas regarded the social category of untouchables as beyond and outside the system. This notion was based on certain activities performed by people as ‘polluting’ – handling of corpses and dead animals.
(ii) People who performed such tasks, were known as Chandalas. Untouchables are placed at the very bottom of the hierarchy. Their touch and shadow was regarded as polluting.
(iii) The duties of the Chandalas were laid down by the Manusmriti. They were to live outside the village, use discarded utensils and clothes and use only iron ornaments.
(iv) Chandalas were not allowed for walking in villages and cities at night. To know the lives of “Chandalas’ and their attitude to the life of degradation prescribed by Shastras, historians rely on non-Brahmanical texts.

Answer 6:
(i) Ibn Batuta is known as globe trotter because he travelled for 30 years after his setting off from his town Tangier, Morocco. Experience gained through travels are more important and reliable source of knowledge than books.
(ii) His travel itinerary included pilgrimage trips to Mecca, extensive travels in Syria, Iraq, Persia, Yemen, Oman and a few trading ports on the coast of East Africa before he set off for India in 1332-33.
(iii) Ibn Batuta travelled to India through Central Asia reached Sind in 1333, and passing through Multan and Ulch set off for Delhi. Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq appointed him as Qazi of Delhi which he held for many years.
(iv) He proceeded to China in 1342. Before it, he travelled to Malabar coast, Maldives, Sri Lanka, Bengal, Assam, Sumatra. He travelled extensively in China. He came back in 1354. He was compared with Marco Polo.

Answer 7:
(i) After the death of Krishnadeva Raya in 1526, strains began to show within imperial structure. Claimants to power included members of the ruling lineage as well as military commanders. Military nayaks troubled his successors.
(ii) By 1542 control at the centre shifted to the ruling lineage Aravidu that remained in power till the end of the 17th century.
(iii) Sadashiv Ray ascended the throne in 1543 but the real power lay in the hands of a triumvirate in which the leading person was Rama Raja. He tried to play off the various Muslim powers against one another in order to maintain balance of power favourable to Vijayanagara.
(iv) Ahmadnagar, Bijapur, Golconda armies combined to inflict and crushing defeat on the armies of Vijayanagra led by Ram Raja at Talikota.
(v) The battle of Talikota marked the end of the great age of Vijayanagara. All victorious armies sacked the city and the city was eventually abandoned.

Answer 8:
(i) The British had a tough time putting down the uprising. The suppression of the uprising was accomplished by a two prolonged approach of military strategy and the submission ofTalukdars.
(ii) Enactment of a series of Acts in May and June 1857 that empowered them to put North India under martial law and gave officers and even ordinary British, power to try and punish Indians suspected of rebellion.
(iii) Military attack was mounted on Delhi as it had a symbolic value. One force moved from north of Calcutta and other from Punjab. Despite great losses on both sides Delhi was recovered in late September 1857.
(iv) Apart from use of military power on a gigantic scale, the British broke the United resistance of big landholders and peasants by promising to give back big landholders their estates.
(v) Another strategy was rewarding the loyal landholders and taking action against rebel landholders by dispossessing them. Thereby breaking up the unity of the landholders and also the peasants.

Answer 9:
(i) The railway was introduced in 1853 in India. It brought changes in the fortunes of towns.
Centres of economic activities were shifted away from traditional towns as these towns were situated along old routes and rivers.
(ii) Railway stations became the centres of collection of raw material and distribution point for imported goods.
(iii) Mirzapur was the main collection centre of cotton and cotton goods from Deccan, on the bank of the Ganga. This declined when a railway link was started to Bombay.
(iv) Railway workshops and colonies of its employees were established with the expansion of the railway network. Many railway towns such as Waltair, Bareiley etc. were developed.

Answer 10:
Expected Values

Justice
Patience
Fraternity and Modesty
Self Control and Coordination
Selflessness

Answer 11:

Harappans had trade relations with West Asia, Oman, Mesopotamia and Afghanistan.
Many objects of Harappan culture like beads, seals, a monkey on a pin have been recovered in Mesopotamia.
Sumerian articles like model ram and small pottery ring have been found in India.
Meluhha and Magan are identified with the Harappan region. Meluhha was referred to land of seafarers.
Mesopotamian texts mention two intermediary trading centres, Dilmun (Today Bahrein) Meluhha and Magan (Oman) where goods were exchanged.
Depictions of ships and boats on seals, scholars state, are indicative of trade relations.
Archaeological sources indicate that Harappans brought copper from Oman, chemical analysis show Omani copper and Harappan artefacts have traces of nickel.
A large Harappan Jar has been found at Omani sites, the contents of which were exchanged for Omani copper.
Mesopotamian texts refer to copper coming from Magan and copper found at Mesopotamian sites also has traces of nickel.

Amravati was discovered as early as 1796, before scholars understood the value of finds and realised how critical it was to preserve finds ‘in situ’.
The local raja who stumbled on the finds used the stone to build a temple. Due to his ignorance he mistook the mound of the stupa to be a sight of buried treasure.
Walter Elliot, the Commissioner of Guntur collected several sculptured panels and took them away to Madras. These were called Elliot marbles.
By 1850s some of the slabs of Amravati adorned gardens of British officials, London office, Asiatic Society of Bengal at Calcutta and India office in Madras.
New officers plundered the sculptures on the plea that other officials had done the same.
Amravati was discovered before Sanchi. It did not survive because it fell prey to the ravages of men, who did not understand the real
value of the find.
They were mere pieces of art, beautiful and worth possessing, unaware of its history, and sanctity.
Today, it stands bereft of its former glory, just as an insignificant mound.

Answer 12:

The important belief in the need to unite with God was common to both as was stress on love as the basis of relationship with God. Each movement gained from the other.
They were sternly opposed to prejudice on the basis of caste, religion and divisions.
They believed also that the acceptance of a guru or pir at least in the initial stages was necessary.
They represented a collective introspection and soul searching by a society causing a metamorphosis in some of its biases and assumptions.
In their stress an egalitarianism and brotherhood and valorisation of devotional love.
They became vehicles for mutual tolerance, understanding and goodwill.
It was apart from spread of regional language, literature, music and Indo-Islamic architecture.

The ideal of Sulhi-i-kul was implemented through state policies. Under the Mughals positions and awards were given purely on the basis of service and loyalty to the king.
The nobility was a composite one comprising Iranis, Turanis, Afghans, Rajputs and Deccans.
Akbar abolished taxes based on religious discrimination. The tax on pilgrimage was abolished in 1563 and tax on Jizya in 1564.
Instructions were sent to officers of the empire to follow the precepts of Sulhi-i-kul in administration.
Mughal emperors gave grants to support the building and maintenance of worship places.
As temples were destroyed during war, it was known from the reigns of Shah Jahan and Aurangzeb that Grants were issued for their repair work.
During the reign of Aurangzeb, Jizya was re-imposed on non-Muslim subjects.
The philosophy of Sulh-i-kul attempted to bridge the gap between the divine and temporal authority. The emperor became a representation of the whole universe and a symbol of pure spiritual wisdom.

Answer 13:

The initial reason for founding and settling hill stations was military. They wanted to serve as a new type of cantonments in the hill.
Hill stations became strategic places for billeting troops, guarding frontier and beginning campaigns against enemy rulers. Simla was founded during Gurkha War (1815) and Mount Abu – as a result of Anglo-Maratha War (1818).
The hill stations served as sanatoriums places, where soldiers could recoup from illness and revitalise their energies.
The climate of hill stations approximated the cold climates of Europe. They became more attractive and alternate destinations for the Britishers during summer months.
The Viceroy John Lawrence officially moved his council to Simla. It became the summer capital of the British and official residence of the commander-in-chief of the Indian army.
The suitable climate enabled the British and other Europeans to recreate settlements that were reminiscent of house-buildings in European style, detached villas, cottages amidst gardens, churches, etc.
Entertainment activities like social calls, teas, picnics, fetes came to be shaped by British cultural traditions. All these symbolised cultural hegemony, racial distinctiveness and superbness.
Hill stations became important adjuncts for the colonial economy as setting up the tea and coffee plantations. The cheap labours from adjoining areas added to the economic feasibility. Railways made these areas more accessible.

The Rowlatt Act was passed against the wish of all Indian members of the Legislative Assembly in 1919. It empowered the government to detain a person without trial violating all civil rights.
TO make protest against the unlawful arrest of national leaders a public meeting held in Amritsar culminated in what is known as Jallianwala Bagh massacre in April 1919.
Inside the Bagh, British Brigadier General Dyer ordered his troops to open fire on a nationalist meeting without warning. More than 600 innocent people men, women and children were killed and many more injured.
The monstrous act provoked unprecedented indignation throughout the country and shocked the conscience of some British also.
The government wanted to terrorise the Indians by this but it failed to curb the aspirations of the people.
The khilafat movement was launched by the Ali brothers to protest against the dismemberment of the Turkish empire and to restore the Turkish Sultan as the spiritual head of the Muslims.
Gandhiji clubbed the non-cooperation movement with the khilafat movement to restore unity among the two religious communities, the Hindus and the Muslims.
The Act of 1919 failed to satisfy the nationalist urge for the Swaraj. With and by the non-cooperation movement the nationalists wanted to achieve a new scheme of fruitful and substantial reforms.

Answer 14:
(i) (a) Prashastis are inscriptions composed in praise of kings by eminent poets.
(b) It was written by Samudragupta’s court poet Harisena. „

(ii) (a) Rulers claimed divine status because the rulers did not exercise direct control over larger parts of their kingdom.
(b) By adopting high sounding titles and super-human qualities equivalent to gods dwelling on earth they sought to gain legitimacy and exercise authority over their feudatories.
The prashasti equates the ruler to
(a) Kuber-the god of wealth
(b) Indra-the god of rains
(c) Varuna-the God of the Ocean
(d) Yama-the god of death

(iii) (a) Other sources were coins and inscriptions. Some of the most spectacular gold coins were minted by Gupta rulers.
(b) Inscriptions found on stone and copper plates give valuable information about various aspects of Gupta polity and administration.

Answer 15:
(i) (a) Chisti tradition was austerity including distance from worldly power. No absolute isolation from political power as they accepted endowments for hospices – donations in cash and kind.
(b) Donations were accepted for piety, ritual necessities, food and clothes, etc.

(ii) (a) They acted as channels of communication between the ruler and the ruled.
(b) Helped in indigenising Islam. Served as a constant moderating influence on the power of Sultan, with their simple and egalitarian life.

(iii) (a) In Delhi
(b) Chisti order
(c) A chain signifying a continuous link between master and disciple, stretching as an unbroken spiritual genealogy to the Prophet Muhammad.

Answer 16:
(i) (a) Exports of Indian cotton declined and cotton prices declined. Sahukars wanted the ryots first to clear outstanding debts. .
(b) The ‘Sahukars’ did not have the confidence in the peasants ability to repay.

(ii) (a) Money lenders manipulated laws and forged accounts. They violated the limitation
law passed by the British.
(b) Often Sahukars refused to give receipts when loans were repaid, entered fictious figures in the accounts.
(c) By refusing to pay loans to the ryot the ‘sahukars’ was being insensitive and violating the customary norms of the village.

(iii) (a) While credit dried up revenue demand increased.
(b) Sahukars refused loans and peasants were unable to pay the inflated demand.

Answer 17:
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 History Paper 1 img 5
(2) (a) Calcutta (b) Lucknow (c) Delhi

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CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 History Paper 4

March 12, 2023

These Sample papers are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 History Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 History Paper 4.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 History Paper 4

Board	CBSE
Class	XII
Subject	History
Sample Paper Set	Paper 4
Category	CBSE Sample Papers

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 12 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme as prescribed by the CBSE is given here. Paper 4 of Solved CBSE Sample Paper for Class 12 History is given below with free PDF download solutions.

Time: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions

(i) Answer all the questions. Some questions have internal choice. Marks are indicated against each question.
(ii) Answer to question nos 1 to 3 carrying 2 marks should not exceed 30 words each.
(iii) Answer to question nos. 4 to 9 carrying 4 marks should not exceed 100 words. Students should attempt only 5 questions in this section.
(iv) Question 10 (for 4 marks) is a value based question and compulsory question.
(v) Answer to question nos 11 to 13 carrying 8 marks should not exceed 350 words.
(vi) Questions 14 -16 are source based questions and have no internal choice.
(vii) Question 17 is a map question includes ‘identification’and significant’ test items.

PART-A

Answer all the questions given below:

Question 1:
Explain two features of Harara Ram Temple in the royal centre.

Question 2:
Write two rules of the Gotra system.

Question 3:
Mention the immediate causes of the Revolt of 1857.

PART-B
Section-I

Answer any five of the following questions:

Question 4:
Describe briefly the opinion of the archaeologist about the Harappan society.

Question 5:
Discuss administrative system of Maurya.

Question 6:
Describe the features of the stupa of Sanchi.

Question 7:
Write a brief account of local traditions associated with the Sacred Centre.

Question 8:
Explain the distinctive features of Mughal chronicles.

Question 9:
Why did the Deccan ryots revolt against the moneylenders (Sahukars)?

Section II

Value Based Questions

Question 10:
Read the following passage and answer the question that follow.

Pilgrimage, called ziyarat to tombs of sufi saints is prevalent all over the muslim world. This practice in an occasion for seeking the sufi spiritual grace (barakat). For more than seven centuries people of various creeds, classes and social backgrounds have expressed their ) devotion at the dargahs of the five great Chishti saints. Pilgrimage is an important part of human beings of all religions.
What type of values to be flourished in human kinds by such Pilgrimages?

PART-C

Answer all the questions given below:

Question 11:
Discuss the major beliefs and practices that characterized Sufism.
OR
“The Bhakti and Sufi saints used local languages to express their ideas and become very popular”. Discuss it with examples.

Question 12:
Discuss the programmes and objectives of the non-cooperation movement. What is the importance of the movement?
OR
Describe Gandhi’s march to Dandi.

Question 13:
Explain the economic and social life of the people as represented in the Mahabharata.
OR
‘The Mahabharata is a good source to study social value of ancient times’. How?

PART-D

Source Based Questions

Question 14:
Read the following excerpt carefully and answer the questions that follow.

Rules for monks and nuns

There are some of the rules laid down in the Vinaya Pitaka: When a new felt (blanket/rug) has been made by a bhikkhu, it is to be kept for (at least) six years. If after less than six years he should have another new felt (blanket/rug) made, regardless of whether or not he has disposed of the first, then – unless he has been authorised by the bhikkhus – it is to be forfeited and confessed. In case a bhikkhu arriving at a family residence is presented with cakes or cooked grain meal, he may accept two or three bowlfuls if he so desires. If he should accept more than that, it is to be confessed. Having accepted the two or three bowlfuls and having taken them from there, he is to share them among the bhikkhus. This is the proper course here. Should any bhikkhu, having set out bedding in a lodging belonging to the sangha – or having had it set out – and then on departing neither put it away nor have it put away, or should he go without taking leave, it is to be confessed.

Why did men and women join sangha? Give two reasons.
What was the Bodh sangha?
Why were these rules framed?

Question 15:
Read the following excerpt carefully and answer the questions that follow.

The Bazaar

Paes gives a vivid description of the bazaar: Going forward, you have a broad and beautiful street… In this street live many merchants, and there you will find all sorts of rubies, and diamonds, and emeralds, and pearls, and seed-pearls, and cloths, and every other sort of thing there is on earth and that you may wish to buy. Then you have there every evening a fair where they sell many common horses and nags, and also many citrons, and limes, and oranges, and grapes, and every other kind of garden stuff, and wood; you have all in this street. More generally, he described the city as being “the best provided city in the world” with the markets “stocked with provisions such as rice, wheat, grains, India com and a certain amount of barley and beans, moong, pulses and horse-gram” all of which were cheaply and abundantly available. According to Femao Nuniz, the Vijayanagara markets were “overflowing with abundance of fruits, grapes and oranges,

What had Paes written about bazaar?
Give two characteristic features of the city of Vijaynagara that mention all foreign accounts.
According to Femao Nuniz, what were the three features of the Bazaar?

Question 16:
Read the following excerpt carefully and answer the questions that follow.

This is what Khushdeva Singh writes about his experience during one of his visits to Karachi in 1949: My friends took me to a room at the airport where we all sat down and talked… (and) had lunch together. I had to travel from Karachi to London… at 2.30 a.m…. At 5.00 p.m. had given me so generously of their time, I thought it would be too much for them to wait the ..whole night and suggested they must spare themselves the trouble. But nobody left until it was dinner time… Then they said they were leaving and that I must have a little rest before emplaning…. I got up at about 1.45 a.m. and, when I opened the door, I saw that all of them were still there … They all accompanied me to the plane, and, before parting, presented me with a small basket of grapes. I had no words to express my gratitude for the overwhelming affection with which I was treated and the happiness this stopover had given me.

What do you know about Khushdeva Singh?
How did oral history help the historians to reconstruct the events of the recent past?
How did his friends treat him?

Question 17:
(17.1) On the given outline map of India, locate and label the following with appropriate symbol.
(a) Mohenjodaro
(b) Dholavira
(17.2) On the same outline map of India three centres related to the Buddhist sites have been marked as A, B and C. Identify them and write their correct names on the line drawn near them.

Answers

Answer 1:
(i) This was probably meant to be used only by the king and his family.
(ii) The images in the central shrine are missing. However sculpted panel on the wall survive. These include scenes from the Ramayana sculpted on the inner walls of shrine.

Answer 2:
(i) Each gotra Brahmanical practice was named a vedic Seer. All those who belonged to the same gotra were regarded as his descendants.
(ii) Women were expected to give up their father’s gotra on marriage and members of the same gotra could not marry.

Answer 3:
(i) Rumours and prophesies played a part on moving people to action.
(ii) The issue of greased cartridges provided the immediate cause to the culmination of popular discontent with British policies and imperialist exploitation.

Answer 4:
(i) Found Evidence of Agricultural technology and tried to identify the tools used for harvesting.
(ii) They discovered the most unique feature of Harappan and Mohenjodaro sites’ civilization.
(iii) Found whether there was social or economic difference amongst people living within a particular culture.
(iv) They tried to find out about the craft production and make strategies for procuring materials.

Answer 5:
(i) On the basis of fragments of Megasthenes book “Indica”, the Arthashastra of Kautilya, and Asokan inscriptions we can draw the picture of Mauryan system of administration.
(ii) The Mauryas as contrasted with earlier smaller kingdoms, ruled over a empire and organized a very elaborate system of administration.
(iii) At the centre of the structure was king, who had the power to enact laws. The chief function of the king was to maintain social order.
(iv) According to Megasthenes there was a council of ministers or mantri parishad to advise the king but the power of the council seem to be limited and not binding.
(v) The highest functionaries were minister (mantrins), high priest (purohita), commander in chief (senapati) and crown prince (yuvraj).
(vi) Two keys offices in the central administration were of treasurer, responsible for the storage of the royal treasure and of the state income and the chief collector responsible for the collection of revenue from various parts of kingdom.

Answer 6:
(i) The sanchi stupa was built in the 3rd century BCE by Asoka, the great Mauryan king.
(ii) It is a semi circular dome-like structure. The gateways at four cardinal points are its most distinctive feature.
(iii) Each gateways has two square pillars connected by three horizontal and slightly curved parallel stone pillars.
(iv) Beautiful carved capitals are placed above the pillar and below the horizontal base.
(vi) The gateways contain lovely, beautifully carved panels depicting events from the life of Buddha and details from jataka stories.

Answer 7:
(i) The Sacred Centre as per archaeologists and scholars was at the rocky northern end of city on the banks of the Tungabhadra.
(ii) These hills sheltered the Monkey Kingdom of Bali and Sugriva mentioned in the Ramayana.
(iii) Other traditions suggest that Pampadevi, the local mother goddess, did penance in these hills in order to marry Virupaksha, the guardian diety of the kingdom, also recognised as form of Shiva.
(iv) This area is associated with several sacred traditions, as among these hills are found Jaina temples of pre-Vijaynagara period as well.
(v) Temple building in this region had a long history going back to dynasties such as the Pallava, Chalukyas, Hoyasalas and Cholas.

Answer 8:
Historical literature commissioned by Mughal kings, written by court historians have been termed chronicles by historians. The distinctive features of Mughal chronicles are:

Akbar-Nama is considered a landmark in the historiographical tradition as it evolved a new style of writing that was ornate and which attached importance to diction and rythm as texts were often read aloud.
The Akbar Nama is divided into 3 books of which 2 are chronicles. The third book is Ain-i-Akbari. The Ist volume contains the history of mankind from Adam, to one celestial cycle of Akbar’s life, beginning with the birth of Akbar.
It presents Akbar’s reign as the pinnacle of human history, the milestone of human progress.
The 2nd volume closes at 46 regional (1601) year of Akbar.
The chronicle apart from serving as continuous chronological record of events are a repository of factual information about institution of Mughal state and provide unique insight into the political, geographical administrative, social, ideological, cultural events of the time, e.g. Akbar Nama.
Abul Fazal’s writing are a result of careful and exhaustive historical investigations and based on primary documents.

Answer 9:
(i) In rural India, it was traditional rule that the interest will always remain less than the principal amount. However, in some cases interest payable was more than the principal itself. In one case the interest was ? 2000 against principal amount of Rs 100.
(ii) No receipt was paid in case of payment of loan partly or fully. This opened the scope of manipulation by the money lenders.
(iii) Ryots complained about forging of documents and other fraudulent activity by the money lenders.
(iv) Ryots believed that money lenders were insensitive to them and made an arrogant and exploitative lot.

Answer 10:
Expected values:

Self reliance
Peace
feeling of co-existence
communal harmony

Answer 11:

After the advent of Islam in the early middle ages, it saw a new movement in later part.
The movement has had great impact and reach in the Indian subcontinent. It is called Sufi movement. The sufi saints were mystics. Their preachings included:
Sufi saints did not subscribe to the theological and rigid interpretations of religious scriptures of Islam. They believed that the interpretation have to be based on individual experiences.
This way the theological interpretations became flexible. Further the control of the orthodox religious leaders got weakened. This was a people centric move.
They rejected the high sounding rituals. They also emphasized on simplicity in religious traditions and rites.
Sufi saints prescribed devotion to almighty as path to salvation. They even approved of singing and dancing as part of devotion.
It is notable that classical Islam has forbidden singing dancing and any music.
The most important theme of sufi philosophy was that serving people is the true religion. With the objective of serving the poor people they also held langar.
Today also one can go to Ajmer and can partake in the langar organised on the tomb of Nizammudin Auliya, the great Sufi saint.

The Alvars and the Nayanars who head the Bhakti movement in Tamil region preached their message in Tamil.
They also composed their literature in Tamil. The Nalayra Divyaprabandham of the Alvars and the Tevaram of the Nayanars were composed in Tamil.
Virashaiva movement which was led by Basavanna made use of the kannada language to spread his messages.
The use of Gujarati and Assamese language was also encouraged in Medieval period.
Guru Nanak and his successor preached their message through Punjabi. In Punjab the holy book of Sikhism, the Guru Granth Sahib was also composed in Punjabi.
The saints of Maharashtra preached their message through Marathi. The chief saints preached through Marathi were saint Jnaneswar, Saint Tukaram and Guru Ramdas.
The sufi who came to India from different comers of the world and settled here used the local languages to preach their teachings.
In Delhi, the Chishti Sufi conversed in Hindavi.

Answer 12:

(a) Programme and objectives of the movement:

It boycotted the foreign goods.
It emphasized on the goods and things manufactured in India.
Titles and honours conferred by the British government were returned.
Resignation by Indian members nominated in the local institution, resigned from their post.
Schools and colleges run by the British government were boycotted.
Lawyers boycotted the civil courts.
The soldiers, clerks, and workers refused to render any service abroad.

(b) Importance of the non-cooperation movements

Due to the non-cooperation movement Congress came in direct clash with the British government.
It was for the first time in the history of India a mass movement was started across the country against the British empire.
The movement gave an opportunity to Indian industries to grow and establish firmly,
It speeded up Indian struggle to achieve freedom from, British empire the.

Gandhiji felt that Puma Swaraj would not come on its own. It had to fight for achieving it. He was very much worried about government salt law.
In 1930, he decided to break this law. According to the law, the State had a monopoly on the manufacture and sale of salt.
Mahatma Gandhi and other prominent leaders of the freedom struggle thought that it was sinful to tax salt because it is an essential item of our food. Both the rich and the poor needed it equally.
Gandhiji felt that his salt march would become popular and would represent the general desire of freedom to a specific grievance shared by all.
On 6 April, 1930 Gandhiji along with his followers marched for over 240 miles from Sabarmati to the coastal town of Dandi.
They broke the government law by gathering natural salt found on the sea shore, and boiling sea water to produce salt.
A large number of people including women participated in this historic march. The government tried to crush the movement through brutal action against peaceful Satyagrahis.
Thousands were arrested and sent to jail. But the movement played a significant role in achieving freedom of India.

Answer 13:
Economic life:

Land was very fertile, hence agriculture was the main occupation of the people. It is believed that even the king used to plough the land.
Beside agriculture, animal rearing was the main occupation of the people.
Trade also flourished during the age. It was controlled by trading guilds, who were given many facilities by the state.
People also practiced other occupations like carpenter, jewellers, potter, ironsmith, craftsmen, etc.

Social life:

At this time society was divided into four vamas. These vamas were the Brahman, Kshatriya, Vaishya and Shudra. Among them Brahmans occupied the highest rank in society.
Women occupied the respectable position. They have the right to choose their husbands. The royal princesses chose their husbands through swayamber.
Mahabharata was the age of bravery. Dying in the battle field was considered as a symbol of prestige. Protection of the weaker section was also considered important.

It provides us valuable description of social values prevailing in the society at that time.
Rules regarding patriliny successions were followed.
It throws light on the caste system and interrelation of various caste groups prevalent in the society.
It is quite evident that society was patriarchal in nature.
Kanyadan was considered as an important religious duty of the fathers.
Different types of marriages were practiced in the society.
It also throws light on the different vama and different professions practiced by the people. (viii) The elder male member of the society was more dominating.
It also throws lights on the two contrasting social norms in the relationship between Pandavas and their mother and relation of Kauravas with their mother.

Answer 14:
(i) (a) They wanted to live a simple and disciplined life in sangha.
(b) They wanted to remain away from wordly pleasure.

(ii) (a) Bodh sangha was an organisation of monks, who served as teachers of Dhamma.
(b) They lived a simple life and possessed only those essential goods which were required in daily routine life.

(iii) (a) To make them conform to a simple life possessing only essential prerequisites for survival.
(b) avoid self indulgence
(c) Inculcate moderation in all aspects from food to clothing
(d) Inculcate discipline, respect for rules and develop a sense of sharing, fellow feeling and equality.

Answer 15:
(i) He had written
(a) Everything available on the earth can be bought here.
(b) There are a large number of merchants who made transaction of things.

(ii) (a) The universe efforts that the rulers made to store water and conduct it to the city.
(b) The well irrigated field and watered gardens, despite Vijayanagara being one of the most arid zones of the peninsula.

(iii) According to him
(a) Things available in bazaars were very cheap.
(b) The Bazaars were flooded with fruits.
(c) Every kind of meat was available in abundance.

Answer 16:
(i) (a) He was a doctor and specialist in the treatment of typhoid.
(b) When India was partitioned, he was posted at Dharampur in Himachal Pradesh.

(ii) (a) It provided variety of examples of written descriptions.
(b) It provides valuable materials to the historians for the reconstruction of the past.

(iii) (a) During his visit to Karachi his friends stayed with him at the place where he (Khushdeva Singh) was put up.
(b) They all remained with him until he stayed there.
(c) Before departing to India, he was offered a basket of grapes as a symbol of their love.

Answer 17:
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 History Paper 1 img 4
(2) (A) Amaravati (B) Sanchi (C) Nasik

We hope the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 History Paper 4 help you. If you have any query regarding CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 History Paper 4, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 History Paper 3

March 12, 2023

These Sample papers are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 History Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 History Paper 3.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 History Paper 3

Board	CBSE
Class	XII
Subject	History
Sample Paper Set	Paper 3
Category	CBSE Sample Papers

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 12 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme as prescribed by the CBSE is given here. Paper 3 of Solved CBSE Sample Paper for Class 12 History is given below with free PDF download solutions.

Time: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions

(i) Answer all the questions. Some questions have internal choice. Marks are indicated against each question.
(ii) Answer to question nos 1 to 3 carrying 2 marks should not exceed 30 words each.
(iii) Answer to question nos. 4 to 9 carrying 4 marks should not exceed 100 words. Students should attempt only 5 questions in this section.
(iv) Question 10 (for 4 marks) is a value based question and compulsory question.
(v) Answer to question nos 11 to 13 carrying 8 marks should not exceed 350 words.
(vi) Questions 14 -16 are source based questions and have no internal choice.
(vii) Question 17 is a map question includes ‘identification’ and significant’ test items.

PART – A

Answer all the questions given below:

Question 1:
Who was Harisena?

Question 2:
Why was Ibn-Battuta fond of travels? Give any two reasons.

Question 3:
Who were the Paharias? How did they earn their livelihood?

PART-B
Section-I

Answer any five of the following questions:

Question 4:
Mention the main subsistence methods of the Harappan people.

Question 5:
Who was Gotami-putra Satakami? What were his main achievements?

Question 6:
What was the common financial pool of Panchayat during 16 – 17th centuries? Mention its importance.

Question 7:
How did Akbar try to tie his empire in one thread? Discuss.

Question 8:
Elaborate the nature of the Revolt of 1857.

Question 9:
Gandhiji was as much a social reformer as he was a politician. Discuss.

Section II

Value Based Question

Question 10:
Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.
Separate electorates was a “poison that has entered the body politic of our country” declared Sardar Patel. It was a demand that had turned one community against another, divided the nation, caused bloodshed and led to the tragic partition of the country.
Divide and rule was the policy of the British ruler and they had sown such seeds. Ultimately the tragic partition of the nation took place with bloodshed.
By which values the bloodshed might have been stopped?

PART-C

Answer any five of the following Questions:

Question 11:
Kanishka was known as second Asoka. Evaluate.
OR
Buddhism declined in India whereas Jainism remained there in some parts. Explain.

Question 12:
What were the similarities in Sufi and Bhakti traditions? Explain.
OR
What were the main features of the administration of rulers of Vijaynagar Empire? Discuss.

Question 13:
Why was the Lottery Committee constituted? What steps were taken for the town-planning in Calcutta?
OR
What methods were used to oppose the British Rule during the non-cooperation movement? Discuss.

PART-D

Source Based Questions

Question 14:
Read the following excerpts carefully and answer the questions that follows.

The Sudarshana Lake in Gujarat

Find Gimar on Map 2. The Sudarshana lake was an artificial reservoir. We know about it from a rock inscription (c. second century CE) in Sanskrit, composed to record the achievements of the Shaka ruler, Rudradaman.
The inscription mentions that the lake, with embankments and water channels, was built by a local governor during the rule of the Mauryas. However, a terrible storm broke the embankments and water gushed out of the lake. Rudradaman, who was then ruling in the area, claimed to have got the lake repaired using his own resources. Without imposing any tax on his subjects.
Another inscription on the same rock (c. fifth century) mentions how one of the rulers of the Gupta dynasty got the lake repaired once again.

Name two rulers whose names are associated with the repair work.
Who was Rudradaman? What is he best remembered for?
Why did rulers make arrangements for irrigation?

Question 15:
Read the following excerpt carefully and answer the questions that follow.

The One Lord

Here is a composition attributed to Kabir: Tell me, brother, how can there be no one lord of the world but two? Who led you so astray? God is called by many names: Names like Allah, Ram, Karim, Keshav, Hari, and Hazrat. Gold may be shaped into rings and bangles. Isn’t it gold all the same? Distinctions are only words we invent. Kabir says they are both mistaken. Neither can find the only Ram. One kills the goat, the other cows. They waste their lives in disputation.

What is Kabifs argument against distinction made between gods of different communities?
Give three teachings of Kabir.
Differentiate between Nirgun and Sagun-Bhakti saints. Give one example of each.

Question 16:
Read the following excerpt carefully and answer the questions that follow.

What Talugdars thought

The attitude of the taluqdars was best expressed by Hanwant Singh, the Raja of Kalakankar, near Rae Bareli. During the mutiny, Hanwant Singh had given shelter to a British officer, and conveyed him to safety. While taking leave from the officer, Hanwant Singh told him:
Sahib, your countrymen came into this country and drove out our king. You sent your officers round the districts to examine the titles to the estates. At one blow you took from me lands which from time immemorial had been in my family. I submitted. Suddenly misfortune fell upon You. The people of the land rose against you. You came to me whom you had despoiled. I have saved you. But now, I march at the head of my retainers to Lucknow to try and drive you from the country.

Why were the people angry according to Singh? What happened to his family?
What happened under the Summary Settlement of 1856. Explain.
What was the result of the dispossession of the Taluqdars? Explain.

Question 17:
(17.1) On the given political outline map of India, locate and label the following with appropriate symbols:
(a) Nageshwar
(b) Agra, the imperial capital of Mughal.
(17.2) On the same outline map of India, three centres related to the Indian National Movement have been marked as A, B and C. Identify them and write their correct names on the lines drawn near them.

Answers

Answer 1:
(i) Harisena was the poet laureate of the king Samudragupta.
(ii) He composed Prayag Prashasti in praise and honour of Samudragupta.

Answer 2:
(i) Ibn-Batuta loved travelling. He went to different places to explore new world and people.
(ii) He considered experience gained through travels as an important source of knowledge than the books.

Answer 3:
(i) The hill folk were known as the Paharias.
(ii) They earned their livelihood from the forest produce. They also practised shifting cultivation.

Answer 4:
(i) The Harappans got food from a wide range of plant and animal products.
(ii) Wheat, barley, lentil, chickpea and sesame were the main grains included in their food. From many Harappan sites grains have been found.
(iii) The people also ate rice and millet. Millet have been found from many sites in Gujarat. Rice was not used much as they are relatively rare.
(iv) Bones of deer and gharial have been found. It can be imagined that the people of Harappan civilization ate their flesh and meat. Its is not known that they hunted themselves or got their meat from other hunting groups.
(v) Harappan people got food from many animals like sheep, goat, buffalo and pig: All these – animals were domesticated.

Answer 5:
(i) Gotami-putra Satakami was the most brave king of Satavahana dynasty. Achievements:
(ii) He ruled from 106 CE to 130 CE and increased strength and prosperity of his dynasty.
(ii) He called himself the lone Brahmana and killed many kshatriyas. He defeated Shaka. Further he claimed to uproot the Kshatriya dynasty.
(iii) Nahapan was the important leader of this dynasty. Silver coins of Nahapan have been found. They might have been minted again. The empire of Satakami was spread from Malwa in North to Karnataka in South.

Answer 6:
(a) The expenditure of Panchayat was being run from that financial pool which was contributed by every individual.
(b) Importance:

This pool was used for the cost of entertaining revenue officials who used to visit the village from time to time. It was used to pay salary to mugaddam and chowkidar.
This pool was also used to meet expenses for community welfare activities like flood and other natural calamities.
These funds were used for community works like construction of a bund or digging a canal which peasants were unable to afford on their own.

Answer 7:
(i) Akbar gave preference to national interests instead of developing any religion. He conquered whole of north India and tied it in one thread.
(ii) Akbar implemented same legal and administrative system in all of his provinces. In medieval period, Hindus were given same religious freedom like Muslims.
(iii) Akbar abolished the religious tax imposed on Hindus called Jizya. He married Rajput princess and permitted her to worship their deities according to Hinda traditions.
(iv) Din-e-Ilahi was a symbol of religious tolerance of Akbar. He began this religion to establish unity among Hindus and Muslims. Just because of these measures, Akbar succeeded in his mission.

Answer 8:
(i) The people belonging to all sections of society participated in the revolt of 1857. The people as well as the soldiers were against the British.
(ii) Indians wanted to get rid of the oppression committed by the British. The soldiers revolted, not to accept any princely state, but to expel the British from India.
(iii) The rebellion did not spread in many parts of India. Many cities remained calm and quiet. But it did not mean that they did not like freedom.
(iv) Both the Hindus and the Muslims fought unitedly. It is evident that they were not happy with the imperial rule. They took up arms to send the British out of India.

Answer 9:
(i) There is no denying the fact that Gandhiji was as much a social reformer as he was a politician. As a politician, he transformed Indian National Movement into a broad mass movement.
(ii) He (Gandhiji) was arrested in 1922 and was released from the jail in February 1924. He devoted his attention to encourage the home spun Khadi cloth and to eradicate untouchability from the society.
(iii) Gandhiji believed that Indians need to remove social evils like child marriage and untouchability in order to be worthy of freedom. He was of the view that all of us must prepare an atmosphere of harmony among different religious communities.
(iv) Gandhiji stressed on Hindu-Muslim harmony. He believed that Indians had to learn to become self reliant on economic front.

Answer 10:
Expected values:

Communal harmony
Sense of peace and harmony.
Not fight for the sake of humanity
Feeling of co-existence.

Answer 11:

Kanishka was a brave soldier. He was a great patron of art and a great propagandist of religion.
Kanishka was a great conqueror. He expanded his empire that was transfered from his ancestors. Chinese victory was known as his biggest victory.
He was very effective and successful ruler. Moreover, entire authority of the kingdom was in his hands. Empire was divided into several provinces. ‘Kshatrap’ was the head of the province.
Kanishka was a great patron and lover of art. He founded four cities; decorated these cities with pillars and sculptures. Gandhara art form was developed and flourished under his patronage. ‘Chaity’ of Peshawar made by Kanishka is the unique example of art form.
He was a great patron of scholars and literary persons. There were many great scholars like Ashwaghosha, Vasumitra, Nagarjuna in his court.
He was a religious king. Buddhism was spread by him in different parts of the world. He set up many monastries, provided monetary help to the monks. Fourth Conference of Buddhism was called by him. Necessary reforms were introduced by him in Buddhism. Mahayana, sect of Buddhism came into being during his age.
Kanishka propagated Buddhism as Asoka did. He helped Buddhist monks and sent many persons to foreign countries to propagate Buddhism.
He tried to remove defects of Buddhism, organised a conference. Due to his services for Buddhism, he is known as second Asoka.

Buddhism grew and declined very rapidly in India. But the existence of Jainism remained . in different parts of India.
It became very complex as time passed. Lot of evils and unnecessary customs and traditions were included in it, so people left it.
Teachings of Buddha were started to be compile in Sanskrit language by the followers of Buddhism. Common masses were not able to understand the language, hence popularity of Buddhism declined.
Buddhist monks were of high character but gradually lots of a lowlessness came in their character. They sharted to live in lavish atmosphere. Adverse impacts were also observed among the people.
(After the death of Harsha, Buddhism could not receive help from the state. So, the popularity of Buddhism began to decline.
Mahayana and Hinayana, the two branches of Buddhism emerged during the reign of Kanishka. No big difference between these two branches. Many followers of the Mahayana again inducted into Hinduism.
Beyond Mauryan empire, Pushyamitra Shunga commited outrage on Buddhists. He killed lot of Buddhists. People were scared by this and they left Buddhism.
Many invaders attacked many Mathas and Viharas and broke them down. Many Buddhists were killed by them, so it declined to a great extent.

Answer 12:

The emerging places of Sufi and Bhakti movements were different. The ideologies of both movements had many similarities.
They considered man as the main subject. According to them, all human beings should live in peace and harmony.
These movements believed in one God. As the Sufis stated that God is one and all of us are his children. Whereas the saints of Bhakti movement sang hymns in praise of God.
The saints of both Sufi and Bhakti movements advised their followers to love the human beings which leads to love for God.
The Sufi saints and Bhakts have praised Guru in their hymns. Pir, this term was used as Guru by Sufi saints. It was the only difference between both movements.
Teachings of tolerance were communicated by the Sufis and Bhakts among their followers- Hindus and Muslims. They should live peacefully and unitedy.
Saints of both movements propagated the teachings of love, harmony and welfare.
There were great similarities between the Sufis and Bhakts regarding the Nature, God and other things.

OR
The main features of the administration of rulers of Vijaynagar Empire were as follows.

The chief of the central administration in Vijaynagar was the king himself. He held all the powers of administration.
There was a council which helped the king in different issues.
There were 200 provinces in the state of Vijaynagar. Prantpati was known as the chief of the province. They belonged to the royal family. Sometimes many of them belonged to powerful and wealthy families.
Every province was divided into districts and districts were divided into pargamas and they were divided into villages.
Powerful army was there to provide the protection for the state. Horses, elephants were there in the army and brave soldiers were deployed in the army.
King was the chief justice of the state himself. The prantpati or subedar delivered the justice in the provinces. The punishments were very severe.
The main source of income of the state was land revenue. Farmers had to pay 1/6 to l,/4 of produce of the crop as the land revenue.
Farmers were wealthy and enjoyed a comfortable life. Generally, no economic crisis.

Answer 13:
(a) Nature of Lottery Committee:

The Lottery Committee was constituted in 1817 to help the government in carrying * out the work of town planning in Calcutta.
The committee was named as the Lottery Committee because it raised funds for the development of the town through public lotteries.
No funds were provided by the governments for the development of cities and town planning.
The funds of town planning were raised by responsible public-minded citizens.
Various steps were taken by the Lottery Committee for the development of Calcutta.
The Lottery Committee commissioned a new map of Calcutta so that it could have a comprehensive picture of the city.
( It took up road building in the area of the city where the Indians lived mostly.
All the encroachments from the banks of the rivers were removed by the committee.
The committee removed several huts to beautify and clean the city all round.
Due to the demolition of the huts, many poor labourers were displaced. They were sent to the outskirts of Calcutta by the committee.

The Non-cooperation Movement was launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1920. It had a set programme for the Indians to follow.
The students were asked not to attend their schools and colleges for indefinite period,
The lawyers were asked to boycott the law courts.
The common people were asked to renounce voluntary association with the British government.
Workers started strikes in various towns and cities. 396 strikes were carried out in different cities in 1921. Six lakh workers were involved. Seven million working days were lost.
The hill tribes in Northern Part of Andhra Pradesh violated the forest laws.
Peasants in Awadh did not pay taxes. Further they neglected to carry loads of colonial officials in Kumaun.
Above mentioned methods were laid down for all the protestors. Lot of then adopted the methods which suited their interests.

Answer 14:
(i) (a) Shaka ruler Rudradaman I and
(b) One of the rulers of the Gupta dynasty.

(ii) (a) Rudradaman was the most famous Shaka ruler in India. He ruled over Sindh, part
of Gujarat, Konkan, Narmada valley, Malwa and Kathiawar
(b) He is best remembered in history because of the work a he undertook to improve the Sudarshan lake using his own resources without imposing any tax on his subjects.

(iii) (a) Increase land under cultivation.
(b) To enable application of new transplantation technique for rice cultivation, to increase rice production.
(c) To enable equal supply of the resource i.e. water and that was the strategy of state controlling all economic activity.

Answer 15:
(i) By his arguments, Kabir emphasised the unity of God. He is called by various names Allah, Ram, Karim, Keshav and Hazrat. Hindus and Muslims worship the ultimate being. With the following example, Kabir convinced the people like the moulded into various shapes and forms as known bangles, rings, pendant etc.

(ii) (a) Kabir’s teachings emphasised that Hindus and Muslims are one and worship the same god.
(b) He urged the Hindus and Muslims to give up external religion.
(c) Emphasised fundamental unity of man and preached a religion of love. He used Sufi concept of Zikr and Ishq.

(iii) Sagun bhakti: worship of God with form e.g. Mirabai.
Nirgun Bhakti-worship of god without form e.g. Kabir and Nanak.

Answer 16:
(i) The people were angry because the British had overthrown the king. The titles of the estates were re-examined by the officers. People’s lands had been taken away including his, which had been in his family for generations.
(ii) There was assumption among the British that the Taluqdars were removed whereever possible whereby the taluqdars now held only 38% of the land in Awadh.
(iii) (a) Due to dispossession the taluqdars were hard hit, they lost more than 1/2 the villages that they had held.
(b) They were disarmed and their forts destroyed.
(c) They lost their power and prestige and their autonomy ended.

Answer 17:
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 History Paper 1 img 3
(2) (A) Calcutta (B) Kanpur (C) Bombay

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CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Business Studies Paper 3

March 12, 2023

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Business Studies Paper 3 are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Business Studies Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Business Studies Paper 3.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Business Studies Paper 3

Board	CBSE
Class	XII
Subject	Business Studies
Sample Paper Set	Paper 3
Category	CBSE Sample Papers

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 12 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme as prescribed by the CBSE is given here. Paper 3 of Solved CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Business Studies is given below with free PDF download solutions.

Time: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions

Question 1:
In which type of plan, the sequence to perform a job is determined?

Question 2:
Rita wants to buy a packet of juice. As an aware customer, how can she be sure about the quality of juice she plans to buy?

Question 3:
There are several techniques for measurement of actual performance as a step of process of controlling. What does these techniques include?

Question 4:
Distinguish between functional structure and divisional structure on the basis of formation.

Question 5:
ABC Ltd, a reputed industrial machines manufacturer, need ₹20 crore as additional capital to expand their business. Mr Kunal, the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the company wants to raise funds through equity. The finance manager, Mr Amit, suggested that the share may be sold to investing public through intermediaries, as the same will be less expensive. The proposal was accepted.
Name the method through which the company decided to raise additional capital.

Question 6:
“Introducing a scheme of 50% + 40% less by Koutons,” is the example of which sales promotion technique?

Question 7:
A fashion design house has the following main jobs:
(a) Manufacturing
(b) Finance
(c) Marketing
(d) Personal
(e) Research and development
Which organisational structure will you prefer for this type of a company

Question 8:
The net income of XYZ Ltd is ₹10,20,000 and sales for the year are ₹70 lakh. The total investment in the business amounts are ₹90 lakh. Find out the return on investments for XYZ Ltd.

Question 9:
Identify the type of products in the following cases and give an example of each type.

Purchase of goods in which buyers devote considerable time to compare quality.
Consumer products which are purchased frequently, immediately and with least time and efforts.

Question 10:
There are some barriers in communication which are concerned with organisational structure and regulations. Discuss briefly any three of its barriers.

Question 11:
Which institution is known as the watch dog of securities market in India?

Question 12:
Name the level of management, to which the following parts belong:

Mr A is a purchase manager in XYZ Ltd.
Mr A is a CEO in XYZ Ltd.
Mr A is a superintendent in XYZ Ltd.

Question 13:
Explain the following features of planning:

Planning focuses on achieving objectives.
Planning establishes standards for controlling.

Question 14:
Rahul, a worker, is given a target of assembling two computers per day. Due to his habit of doing things differently, an idea struck him which would not only reduce the assembling time of computers, but would also reduce the cost of production of computers. Rahul’s supervisor instead of appreciating him, ordered him to complete the work as per the methods and techniques decided earlier, as nothing could be changed at that stage.

Identify the limitation of planning, as discussed in the above para.
In addition to the above limitation, discuss three more limitations of planning.

Question 15:
Mrs Hansaben Shah had bought a silk saree from Alka Saree Center for ₹7,000. She wore the saree on a couple of occasions but even before a wash it started tearing on its own. She complained to the dealer who said good once sold could not be taken back nor refund was possible.

What values of a customer are affected in this case?
What right can be exercised by the buyer in this case?

Question 16:
The directors of Kashyap Ltd, an organisation manufacturing computers, wants to double the sales and have given this responsibility to their sales manager. The sales manager has no authority either to increase the sales promotion expenses or appoint new salesmen. Hence, he could not achieve this target.

Is the sales manager responsible for not achieving the target?
Which principle of management is violated here?
State any two effects, if this principle is violated.

Question 17:
Discuss any four points highlighting the importance of delegation for an organisation.

Question 18:
What do you mean by working capital? Explain any three factors affecting the requirement of working capital.

Question 19:
On 8th November, 2016, Prime Minister Narendra Modi banned ₹ 500 and ₹ 1,000 currency notes by implementing demonetisation policy. In the context of this statement, explain any four features of demonetisation.

Question 20:
” An ideal control technique is the one that checks every bit of performance.” Comment.

Question 21:
National Optic Fibre Network (NOFN) Project, one of the most expensive and ambitious projects in India’s technology history, connects 2,50,000 Gram Panchayats in the country with a fibre optic network.

As per the reader’s view, the above project is associated to which dimension of business environment?
How this project adds value to the society?

Question 22:
Blue Bell School believes in all round development of children, focusing both on academics and on sports and extra-curricular activities. Many students of this school have secured ranks at the state level in the board exams and also some of the students have excelled at the state and national games. One of the key reasons for such excellent performance of the students is that the school hires highly qualified teachers and pays them well. The school has presently vacancies for middle level classes. The internal sources have been exhausted. Explain any five sources of recruitment that the school can use for filling up these vacancies.

Question 23:
There are two companies B and D. Total contribution of capital is ₹40 lakh each. The ratio of equity to total capital in company B is ₹10 lakh and debt is ₹30 lakh while in company D, the total equity capital is ₹40 lakh, sourced through equity. EBIT is ₹8 lakh, the interest rate on debt is @ 10% and the tax rate is 30%. Which company enjoys favourable financial leverage?

Question 24:
Markfed Foods Pvt Ltd has appointed a new HR manager, who has completed his MBA from the most renowned institution in India. He was a gold medalist and has also been acknowledged as the best employee during his internship in a firm. Soon after his joining, the management noticed a drastic change in the attitude of workers towards their work.
They were willing to accept new challenges, take up more challenging jobs and were able to achieve targets efficiently and effectively. Soon, the company prospered and established its name in the market. On being enquired, he confessed that all this change is attributed to Maslow’s Theory of Motivation. Briefly explain Maslows Need Hierarchy Theory and also state the assumptions on which it is based.

Question 25:
What do you mean by channels of distribution? What functions do they play in the distribution of goods and services? Explain.

Answers

Answer 1:
Procedure is one of the types of standing plan which determine the sequence to perforn a job.

Answer 2:
Rita should look for FPO mark on the packet, which is a quality indicator for beverages.

Answer 3:
It includes sample checking, personal observation and preparing performance reports.

Answer 4:
Difference between functional structure and divisional structure is:

Basis	Functional Structure	Divisional Structure
Formation	It is formed on the basis of functions.	It is formed on the basis of various product lines which is further supported by functions.

Answer 5:
Offer for sale is the method through which the company decided to raise additional capital.

Answer 6:
The name of sales promotion technique is discount.

Answer 7:
Functional organisational structure will be suitable for this type of organisation.

Answer 8:
Return on Investment = \(\frac { Net Income }{ Total Investment }\) x 100 = \(\frac { 10,20,000 }{ 90,00,000 }\) x 100 = 11.33%

Answer 9:
(i) Shopping Products They are the products that require considerable time and effort e.g. Colour TV, jewellery, etc.
(ii) Convenience Products These products require minimum time and effort and are purchased frequently by the customers e.g. Salt, soap, toothpaste, etc.

Answer 10:
The three organisational barriers are as follows:

Organisational Policy Communication is hampered, if the policy of an organisation does not support the freeflow of communication.
Status Status of a superior may create a psychological distance between him and are his subordinates. A status conscious manager does not easily communicate with his subordinates.
Rules and Regulations Rigid rules and cumbersome procedures act as a barrier to effective communication. Communication through the prescribed channels may result in delays.

Answer 11:
Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI) is the watch dog of the securities market. It performs various functions to regulate and protect the interests of investors while dealing with securities.
The functions performed by SEBI to facilitate this role are as follows:

Registration of brokers and sub-brokers in the market.
Registration of collective investment schemes and mutual funds.
Controlling takeover bids and imposing penalties for such practices.
Prohibition of fraudulent and unfair trade practices.

Answer 12:
(i) Middle Level This level includes head of the departments such as purchase manager, finance manager, etc.
(ii) Top Level This level includes chief executives, managing directors, etc.
(iii) Operational Level This level includes foreman, inspectors, superintendent, etc.

Answer 13:
(i) Planning Focuses on Achieving Objectives Planning involves the determination of activities required to be undertaken to achieve objectives of organisation. Thus’, it can be said that it focuses on achieving objectives.
(ii) Planning Establishes Standards for Controlling Planning involves setting-up of objectives, which act as the standards against which actual performance is measured. This helps in finding deviations and taking corrective action in the controlling process.

Answer 14:

As per the above mentioned para, the limitation highlighted is‘planning reduces creativity’.
The other three limitations of planning are:
- It involves huge costs i.e., it usually involves a lot of time, effort and cost of managers.
- Success of planning rests on its implementation. Lack of proper implementation may lead to failure of planning. Thus, planning does not guarantee success.
- A specific plan made in an organisation clearly indicates the objective to be achieved and ways of doing work. Since, a manager may not be able to change these plans, it leads to rigidity.

Answer 15:
(i) Emotional and economic values of a customer are affected in this case, as she purchased an expensive saree and wore it only on a couple of occasions.
(ii) Right to Seek Redressal As per the Consumer Protection Act, the consumer has a right to get relief in case the product falls short of his/her expectations. Several reliefs are available like removal of defect in the product, compensation paid for any loss, etc. So, she can exercise this right and can raise her voice against the dealer.

Answer 16:
(i) No, the sales manager is not responsible because he was not given authority to increase the sales promotion expenses.
(ii) The principle of authority and responsibility is being violated in the given case.
(iii) Two effects of violating this principle are stated below:
(a) Subordinates will not be able to complete the task effectively (in time).
(b) Violation of this principle may lead to delay in decision-making.

Answer 17:
Delegation of authority is important for an organisation because of the reasons discussed below:
(i) Motivation of Employees Delegation provides a feeling of status and recognition to subordinates, as it is not only a process of sharing workload, but also involves trust of the superior on his subordinate. Entrustment of responsibility builds up his esteem and encourages him to perform better.
(ii) Facilitation of Growth Delegation helps in the expansion of an organisation by providing a ready workforce to take up leading positions in new ventures. Trained and experienced employees are able to play significant role in launching new projects of the organisation.
(iii) Basis of Management Hierarchy Delegation of authority establishes superior-subordinate relationships, ’ which are the basis of hierarchy of management. This helps employees to know ‘who has to report to whom’.
Thus, duties and powers of each individual becomes clear.
(iv) Better Coordination The elements of delegation namely authority, responsibility and accountability helps to define the powers, duties and responsibilities related to various positions in an organisation. This helps to avoid overlapping and duplication of work and facilitates coordination, as it gives a clear picture of the work being done at various levels.

Answer 18:
Working Capital The capital invested in current assets such as stock of materials and finished goods, accounts receivable, bills receivable and bank balances for meeting day-to-day expenses is known as working capital.
Factors affecting the working capital requirements are:

Nature of Business A trading organisation and a service industry firm usually needs a smaller amount of working capital as compared to a manufacturing organisation.
Scale of Operations Organisations which operate on a large scale, their quantum of inventory and debtors required is generally high. Such organisations, therefore, require large amount of working capital as compared to the organisations which operate on a lower scale.
Credit Availed Just as a firm allows credit to its customers, it also may get credit from its suppliers. To the extent, it avails the credit on purchase, the working capital requirements is reduced.

Answer 19:
Features of demonetisation are as follows:

It is a radical monetary step in which a currency unit’s status as a legal tender is declared invalid.
It usually occurs when their is a change in currency by the government.
It is an attempt to make a cashless, corruption free and digital society.
It is a strict measure by the government against tax evasion.
It helps in channelising more savings into the formal financial system.

Answer 20:
This statement is not true. An ideal control system should concentrate on key aspects of performance. There are several activities to be controlled. In practice, it is not possible for management to control each and every activity due to limited time.

Moreover, minor deviations from plans and targets are insignificant for success. Therefore, an attempt to control everything is likely to be a futile exercise. Control system should focus attention on exceptional and key factors only. This will help to save time, efforts and money. Thus critical point control is an ideal technique where focus is on the key result areas.
On the other hand, controlling each and every activity results in delays, increased cost and neglect of key items. The control system should be designed in such a manner that only significant deviations from the standards are reported to the higher level managers. Thus, management by exception technique should be followed and deviations within an acceptable range should be ignored.

Answer 21:

(a) The National Optic Fibre Network (NOFN) Project of government is associated with political, social, technological and economic environment, as this project will satisfy the social needs of people, as well as, provide them opportunities of jobs, impressive wages, etc.
(b) Secondly, it connects the villages with a fibre optic network, which depicts the best example of innovations or advancement of technologies.
(c) The National Optic Fibre Network (NOFN) Project is being overseen by a new entity called Bharat Broadband Network Limited (BBNL) and is being executed by BSNL and Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL).
This project will prove to be beneficial not only for villagers but from this, persons involved in testing, civil work, logistics, local vendors, antenna- suppliers, technicians will also feel benefitted and will be able to satisfy their basic needs.
This project adds following values to the society:
(a) Raising of standards of living and development of society.
(b) Employment opportunities and economic development in rural areas.

Answer 22:
For filling up the vacant posts, following five external sources of recruitment can be used:
(i) Direct Recruitment Under direct recruitment, a notice is placed on the notice board of the enterprise specifying the details of the jobs available. Job seekers assemble outside the organisation on the specified date and selection is done on the spot. This source may be used for the office staff, teachers and primary teachers.
(ii) Advertisement Advertisement in newspaper is generally used when wider choice is required. The advantages of advertising vacancies is that more information about the organisation and job can be given in the advertisement. It gives the management a wider range of candidates from which to choose.
(iii) Employment Exchange Employment exchanges run by the government are regarded as a good source of recruitment. It helps to match personnel demand and supply by serving as a link between job seekers and
employers.
(iv) Recommendations of Employees Employees of an organisation recommend the names of their friends, relatives and neighbours, which prove to be a good external source of recruitment. It is a reliable source as the background of the suggested candidate is well known.
(v) Web Publishing Internet is becoming a common source of recruitment these days. There are many website?, like naukri.com, monster, com, etc designed to provide information to both job seekers and employers.

Answer 23:
As per the given details, company enjoying the favourable financial leverage can be identified as below:

Particulars	Company B (₹)	Company D (₹)
Equity @₹ 100 each	10,00,000	40,00,000
Loan @ 10% p.a.	30,00,000	–
Total Capital	40,00,000	40,00,000
EBIT	8,00,000	8,00,000
(-) Interest @ 10%	(3,00,000)	–
EBT	5,00,000	8,00,000
(-) Tax @ 30%	(1,50,000)	(2,40,000)
	3,50,000	5,60,000
EPS	35%	14%

Company B is in the position of favourable financial leverage as use of debt increases the EPS and thus, the situation is considered as favourable for trading on equity.

Answer 24:
Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory of Motivation was given by Abraham Maslow. It is based on human hierarchy of five needs which are depicted and explained below:
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Business Studies Paper 3 img24
(i) Basic Physiological Needs These are the basic needs, which a person is required to satisfy in order to survive. Hunger, thirst, shelter and sleep are some of the examples of these needs. In an organisation, basic salary helps to satisfy these needs.
(ii) Safety/Security Needs These needs are concerned with physical, economic and social security, in the form of job security, stability of income, etc.
(iii) Affiliation/Belongingness/Social Needs These needs are concerned with affection, sense of belongingness acceptance and friendship. It is fulfilled when employees have cordial relations with colleagues.
(iv) Esteem Needs These needs include factors such as self-respect, status and recognition. When these needs are fulfilled through job title, it enhances self-confidence and prestige of employees.
(v) Self-actualisation Needs It is the highest level of need in the hierarchy. It arises after the satisfaction of all previously discussed needs. These needs include growth, self-fulfilment and achievement of goals.

Assumptions of Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory
The main assumptions of Maslow’s need hierarehy theory are :

People’s behaviour is based on their needs. Satisfaction of such needs influences their behaviour.
People’s needs are hierarchical in order. They start from basic physiological needs and reach to high level needs.
A satisfied need can no longer motivate a person, only next higher level need can motivate a person.
A person moves to the next higher level need, only when the lower level need is satisfied.

Answer 25:
Channels of Distribution Channels of distribution are set of individuals and firms that take title or assist in transferring title of particular goods and services as they move from producers to consumers, it refers to a team of merchants, agents and business institutions that combine physical movement and title movement of products.

Functions of Channels of Distribution Channels of distribution smoothen the flow of goods by creating possessions, place and time utilities. Some important functions performed by them are:

Sorting It refers to the process of sorting the product into homogeneous groups on the basis of size, quality, features and price.
Accumulation It refers to the process of accumulation of goods into larger homogeneous stocks. This helps to maintain a continuous flow of supply.
Allocation It involves breaking homogeneous stocks into smaller and marketable lots. This helps in making sales easily according to different requirements of different buyers.
Assorting It refers to the process of combining various goods of the same line of product, for sale to customers such as a cricket kit containing a bat, a ball, gloves, wickets, stumps, helmet and leg guards.

We hope the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Business Studies Paper 3 help you. If you have any query regarding CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Business Studies Paper 3, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 History Paper 2

March 12, 2023

These Sample papers are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 History Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 History Paper 2.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 History Paper 2

Board	CBSE
Class	XII
Subject	History
Sample Paper Set	Paper 2
Category	CBSE Sample Papers

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 12 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme as prescribed by the CBSE is given here. Paper 2 of Solved CBSE Sample Paper for Class 12 History is given below with free PDF download solutions.

Time: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions:

(i) Answer all the questions. Some questions have internal choice. Marks are indicated against each question.
(ii) Answer to question nos 1 to 3 carrying 2 marks should not exceed 30 words each.
(iii) Answer to question nos. 4 to 9 carrying 4 marks should not exceed 100 words. Students should attempt only 5 questions in this section.
(iv) Question 10 (for 4 marks) is a value based question and compulsory question.
(v) Answer to question nos 11 to 13 carrying 8 marks should not exceed 350 words.
(vi) Questions 14 -16 are source based questions and have no internal choice.
(vii) Question 17 is a map question includes ‘identification’ and significant’ test items.

PART-A

Answer all the questions given below:

Question 1:
Give two reasons why the sixth century BCE is often regarded as a major turning point in early Indian History?

Question 2:
Who were Alvars and Nayanars? In which languages did they sing?

Question 3:
State the significance of Gandhiji’s speech at Banaras Hindu University?

PART-B

Section-I

Answer any five of the following questions:

Question 4:
Discuss whether the Mahabharata could have been the work of single author.

Question 5:
Describe the growth of temple architectures in the ancient period.

Question 6:
Describe the position of untouchables in ancient society?

Question 7:
Explain the basic ideas of Jaina philosophy.

Question 8:
Describe the life of village artisans during the Mughal period.

Question 9:
Describe the results of India’s overseas trade under the Mughals.

Section-II

Value Based Questions

Read the following passage and answer the question that follow.
The rebel proclamations in 1857 repeatedly appealed to all sections of the population, irrespective of their caste and creed. Many of the Proclamations were issued by Muslim princes or in their names but even these took care to address the sentiments of Hindus. The rebellion was seen as a war in which both Hindus and Muslims had equally to lose or gain. The ishtahars worked back to the pre-British Hindu-Muslim part and glorified the co existence of different communities under the Mughal empire.

Question 10:
What type of values were developed in 1857 in both Muslims and Hindus?

PART-C

Answer all the questions given below:

Question 11:
Discuss the ways in which panchayats and village headman regulated rural society.
OR
Explain how the fortification and roads in the city of Vijayanagar were unique and impressive.

Question 12:
Explain the main events of the Dandi March. What is its significance in the history of the Indian national movement?
OR
What are the salient features of town planning in Calcutta during the British period?

Question 13:
How did the message about the Revolt of 1857 spread?
OR
Discuss the religious causes for the Revolt of 1857.

PART-D

Source Based Questions

Question 14:
Read the following excerpt carefully and answer the questions that follows.

The poor peasants of the vast tracts of country constituting the empire of Hindustan, many are little more than sand, or barren mountains, badly cultivated, and thinly populated. Even a considerable portion of the good land remains unfilled for want of labourers; many of whom perish in consequence of the bad treatment they experience from Governors. The poor people, when they become incapable of discharging the demands of their rapacious lords, are not only often deprived of the means of subsistence, but are also made to lose their children, who are carried away as slaves. Thus, it happens that the peasantry, driven to despair by so excessive a tyranny, abandon the country.

In this instance, Bernier was participating in contemporary debates in Europe concerning the , nature of state and society, and intended that his description of Mughal India would serve as warning to those who did not recognise the “merits” of private property.

(i) What were the problems about cultivating the land, according to Bernier?
(ii) Why did peasantry abandon the land?
(iii) Explain the reasons given by Bernier for the exploitation of the peasants.

Question 15:
Read the following excerpt carefully and answer the questions that follows.

There cannot be any divided loyalty

Govind Ballabh Pant argued that in order to become loyal citizens people had to stop focusing only on the community and the self. For the success of democracy one must train himself in the art of self-discipline. In democracies one should care less for himself and more for others. There cannot be any divided loyalty. All loyalties must exclusively be centered round the state.

If in a democracy, you create rival loyalties, or you create a system in which any individual or group, instead of suppressing his extravagance, cares naught for larger or other interests, then democracy is doomed.
(i) What do you understand by ‘Separate Electorate’?
(ii) Why was the demand for separate electorate made during the drafting of the constitution?
(iii) Why was G. B Pant against this demand? Give two reasons.

Question 16:
Read the following excerpt carefully and answer the questions that follows.

How artefacts are identified

Processing of food required grinding equipment as well as vessels for mixing, blending and cooking. These were made of stone, metal and terracotta. This is an excerpt from one of the earliest reports on excavations at Mohenjodaro, the best known Harappan site:
Saddle quem … are found in considerable numbers … and they seem to have been the only means in use for grinding cereals. As a rule, they were roughly made of hard, gritty, igneous rock or sandstone and mostly show signs of hard usage. As their bases are usually convex, they must have been set in the earth or in mud to prevent their rocking. Two main types have been found: those on which another smaller stone was pushed or rolled to and fro, and others with which a second stone was used as a pounder, eventually making a large cavity in the .nether stone. Querns of the former type were probably used solely for grain; the second type possibly only for pounding herbs and spices for making curries. In fact, stones of this latter type are dubbed ‘curry stones” by our workmen and our cook asked for the loan of one from the museum for use in the kitchen
(i) What are the two types of querns?
(ii) What materials were these querns made of? Why are they described as “curry stones”
(iii) What are two kinds of saddle?

Question 17:
(17.1). On the given political outline map of India, locate and label the following with appropriate symbols:
(a) Shravasti, ancient Buddhist site
(b) Champa, an early state
(17.2). On the same outline map of India, three places related to the 14 – 18th century South India have been marked as A, B and C. Identify them and write their correct names on the lines drawn near them.

Answers

Answer 1:
(i) Rise of states, cities, widespread use of iron and coins.
(ii) Witnessed the growth of different religions viz. Buddhism and Jainism.

Answer 2:
(i) Alvars – worshippers of Vishnu.
Nayanars – devotees of Shiva.
(ii) They sang in Tamil language.

Answer 3:
(i) Indian Nationalism was elitist in nature (factual).
(ii) His desire to make it a mass movement.

Answer 4:
The original story was composed by charioteer bard’s named as Sutras.
In the 5th BCE, Brahmans took over the story and began to commit it to writing called itihasa.

Between 200 BCE and 200 CE worship of Vishnu was growing in importance.
Between 200 BCE and 400 CE large didactic sections were added.
Verses increased to 1,00,000.
Sage Vyasa was considered to be the original composer of Mahabharata.

Answer 5:
Temple architecture:

Temples built at the same pattern as that of the Sanchi Stupa.
Temples had square room – Garbhagriha -with single doorway, for the worshipper to enter. Tall structure called as Shikhara was built.
Temple walls were decorated with beautiful sculptures. Temples had assembly halls, huge walls, gateways etc.
Some of these were made out of rocks as artificial caves, e.g Kailashnatha Temple.

Answer 6:
Untouchables: Brahmans considered some people as outside the system.

They were those people who indulged in polluting activities such as handling corpses and dead animals. These people were called Chandalas.
They lived outside the cities. They used discarded utensils.
They wore ornaments of iron. They could not walk about in villages and cities at night.
They served as executioners. They had to sound clapper in the streets.

Answer 7:
The entire world is animated. Ahimsa or non-injury to living beings.

Cycle of birth and rebirth is shaped through Karma.
Asceticism and penance required to free oneself from the cycle of karma.
Moksha can be achieved by renouncing the world and adopting monastic life.
5 vows to abstain from killing, stealing and lying to observe celibacy and to abstain from possessing property.

Answer 8:
(i) Marathi documents make a mention of 32.5% of the village constituted artisans. Distinction between peasants and artisans a fluid one.
(ii) They engaged in various types of craft production especially in between different agricultural activity.
(iii) For their services they were compensated by villages in variety of ways. Cultivated waste given to them called Miras or Nathan in Maharashtra.
(iv) 18lh century zamindars of Bengal paid the artisans small daily allowance called jajmani system.

Answer 9:
This trade brought in silver bullion into Asia.

A large part of the bullion gravitated towards India. Commodity composition expanded.
Stability in the availability of metal currency silver Rupiah in India.
Expansion of minting of coins and circulation of money in the economy.
Voyages of discovery led to expansion of Asia’s trade.

Answer 10:
Expected values:

Vision of unity
Common Harmony
Coordination
Mutual faith
Nationalism
Peaceful Coexistence
Desire for freedom
Sacrifice for motherland in Hindu-Muslim unity

Answer 11:
Village panchayat consisted of an assembly of elders. Its decision was binding on its members.

The head of the panchayat was the Mandal.
To prepare the village accounts with the help of the panchayat.
The members of the village made contributions to a common financial pool.
To administer the conduct of the members of the village.
Panchayat could also levy fines and even expel a person from the community.
Teach caste or jati in the village had its ownjati panchayat.
The panchayat was also regarded as the government of appeal.
In cases of excessive revenue demands, the panchyat suggested compromise.

OR
Roads and fortifications-Razzaq greatly impressed by fortification-seven lines of forts encircled and agricultural hinterland, massive masonty, no mortar used.

Square or rectangular bastions projected outwards.
Second fortifications went round their inner core of the urban complex.
Roads wound around the valley avoiding rocky terrain.
Some roads extended from temple gateways.
It enclosed vast agricultural fields.
Canals system helped to irrigate these fields.
Roads were extended from temple gateways and bazars.

Answer 12:
On the 12th March 1930 Gandhi began the Dandi March-followed by 78 followers. It is at a distance of 375 km on foot from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi.

News of the progress of the March spread to various parts-many of the common people j oined/supported.
People paid their respect by spinning Khadi.
On 6th April he broke the salt law.
He launched the Civil Disobedience Movement which spread to most parts of the country especially NWFP where Abdul Gaffar Khan played an active role.
It focused the attention on Gandhiji’s philosophy and action. It was conveyed by the European/American press.
Women participated in large numbers, especially Kamala Devi. It made the British realize the depth of nationalist feelings.
Their rule could not last forever. Devolving some power to Indians through the Indian Act of 1935.

OR
Planning required a layout of the entire urban space and regulation of urban land use.

Defence – after the Battle of Plassey in 1757 they decided to build a new fort taking village of Sutanati, Kolkata and Govindpur.
Vast space around the fort was left known as maidan reason-to fire in a straight line from the fort against an advancing army.
Later they moved out of the fort and building residences along the maidan.
Lord Wellesley built a massive palace, government house. He felt the need for town planning.
Many bazars, ghats, burial grounds were removed.
This work was later taken up by lottery committee. They made a new map of the city and took up activities of road building and
cleaning Indian areas.
To save the area from the treatment of epidemics, bustis were demolished.
Frequent fires led to stricter building regulations. Finally all town planning activities were taken up by the government.

Answer 13:
(i) The Revolt of 1857 was associated not only with the people of the court but also with ordinary men and women.
(ii) Besides the ranis, rajas, nawabs and taluqdars, many common people, religious persons and self-styled prophets participated in it.
(iii) The message of rebellion was carried by ordinary men and women.
(iv) At some places, even the religious people spread the message of the Revolt of 1857. For example; in Meerut, a fakir used to ride on elephant. Many sepoys met him time and again.
(v) After the annexation of Awadh, Lucknow had many religious leaders and self-styled prophets who preached the destruction of British rule.
(vi) At many places, the local leaders played an important role. They urged the peasants, zamindars and tribals to revolt.
(vii) In Uttar Pradesh, Shahu Mai motivated and mobilised the residents of Barout Paragana.
(viii) Similarly Ganoo, a tribal who cultivated in Singhbhum in Chotanagpur, became a rebel leader of the kol tribals.
OR
(i) The Christian missionaries were assuring material benefits to Indians to convert them to Christianity. So, many people of India became antagonistic towards the British.
(ii) Lord William Bentinck, the Governor-General of India, initiated reforms in the Indian society.
(iii) He abolished customs like Sati and permitted remarriage of the Hindu widows. Many Hindus viewed these steps against the ideology of Hinduism.
(iv) The British introduced western education, western ideas and western institutions in India. They set up English medium educational institutions but many Hindus considered these steps as attempts to encourage religious conversion.
(v) Many people felt that the British were destroying their sacred ideals that they had long cherished.
(vi) Many Hindus were enraged when the Christian missionaries criticized their scriptures on religious books.
(vii) In accordance with the law passed in 1856, the Hindus could be sent across the sea to fight a war. During those days, the Hindus considered it a sin to cross the sea.
(viii) The Sepoys were were given cartridges coated with the fat of the cows and the pigs. At this the Indian soldiers lost patience and revolted against the British.

Answer 14:
(i) Most of the land was sand, barren mountain, badly cultivated & thinly populated.
considerable portion of the good land remains unfilled for want of labourers.
(ii) Incapable of discharging the demands of their rapacious lords the peasants are deprived of the means of subsistence-their land. So they abandon them.
(iii) The absence of private property in land which remained in the hands of landlords. Landlords could not pass on their land to their children. The serfs who tilled the land could not produce much.

Answer 15:
1. A separate electorate meant that in certain constituencies seats were reserved only for members of a particular community or religion.
2. The demand was made to protect the rights of the minorities. It was felt that this was possible only if the minorities were properly represented within the political system, their voices be heard and view taken into account.
3. He felt that it would permanently isolate the minorities, make them vulnerable and deprive them of any effective role within the government.

Answer 16:
(i) Two types of quems have been found-those on which another smaller stone was pushed or rolled to and fro and other with which a second stone was used as a pounder eventually making a large cavity in the nether stone.
(ii) Made of hard, gritty, igneous rock or sand stone. Because they were used to grind species for making curries.
(iii) (a) Saddle – one on which another small stone was pushed or rolled to and fro. Those saddle were used to grind cereals were caller grinding saddle.
(b) If another type of saddle a second stone was used as a pounder. These saddles were used to pound herbs and spices.

Answer 17:
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 History Paper 1 img 2

We hope the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 History Paper 2 help you. If you have any query regarding CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 History Paper 2, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.