Raju

Students can access the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 Physics with Solutions and marking scheme Term 2 Set 1 will help students in understanding the difficulty level of the exam.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 Physics Standard Term 2 Set 1 with Solutions

Time Allowed: 2 Hours
Maximum Marks: 40

General Instructions:

• There are 12 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
• This question paper has three sections: Section A, Section B and Section C.
• Section A contains three questions of two marks each, Section B contains eight questions of three marks each, Section C contains one case study-based question of five marks. :
• There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one question of two marks and two questions of three marks. You have to attempt only one of the choices in such questions.
• You may use log tables if necessary but use of calculator is not allowed.

Section – A (2 Marks Each)

Question 1.
Distinguish clearly between temperature and heat.
Answer:
The degree of hotness of a body is called temperature. All bodies in thermal contact with each other ultimately attain the same temperature. The flow of heat energy from one body to another due to temperature difference between the two is called heat. Two bodies in thermal equilibrium with each other may not have the same amount of heat, but they must have the same temperature.

Question 2.
A silica glass rod has a diameter of 1 cm and is 10 cm long. Estimate the largest mass that can be hung from it without breaking it. Breaking strength of glass is 50 × 10⁶ Nm^-2.
OR
What are the factors affecting Elasticity?
Answer:
Using Stress = \(\frac{F}{A}\),
we get F = stress × A
= (50 × 10⁶) × π × (\(\frac{10^{-2}}{2}\))²N
Largest mass = \(\frac{F}{g}\) = \(\frac{\left(50 \times 10^{6}\right)\left(\frac{\pi \times 10^{-4}}{4}\right)}{10}\)kg
= 392.7 kg
OR
Factors affecting Elasticity are –
(1) Hammering and rolling: This result is in an increase in the elastidty of material.
(2) Annealing: Annealing results in decrease in the elasticity of material.
(3) Temperature: Elastidty decreases with rise in temperature (Exception: the elasticity of invar steel (alloy) does not change with change in temperature).
(4) Impurities: This- type of effect depends upon the nature of impurities. If the added impurity is more elastic than the substance then its elasticity is increased. If the added impurity is less elastic than the substance, then its elasticity is decreased.

Question 3.
By applying the first law of thermodynamics to isobaric process, obtain relation between two specific heats of a gas.
Answer:
In an isobaric process, pressure remains constant. If an amount of heat dQ is supplied to one mole of a gas at constant pressure and its temperature increases by dT, then
dQ = C_PdT
Here C_P is molar specific heat of the gas at constant pressure. Therefore, for an isobaric process, the first law of thermodynamics becomes:
C_Pdt = d\J + FcN …………… (i)
From perfect gas equation it follows that
PdV = RdT
In the eqn. (i), substituting PdV and d\J, we have
C_PdT – C_VdT
C_P = C_V + R.

Section – B (3 Marks Each)

Question 4.
Estimate the temperature of the surface of the Sun from the following data:
(i) Average radius of the earth’s orbit = 1.5 × 10⁵ km
(ii) Average radius of the Sun = 7.0 × 10⁵ km
(iii) Solar radiant power on the Earth = 1400 Wm^-2 at Noon time

Assume the Sun to be a perfect black body will your estimate be greater or less than the actual surface temperature of the Sun ? Explain.
Answer:
Here, Radius of Sun R = 7 × 10⁵ km
= 7 × 10⁸ m
∴ Surface area of Sun = 4πR²
= 4π(7 × 10⁸)²
= 6.16 × 10¹⁸ m²
σ = 5.67 × 10^-8 Wm^-2 K^-4
Using E = AσT⁴,
E = (6.16 × 10¹⁸) (5.67 × 10^-8)T⁴
= 3.49 × 10¹¹ × T⁴W …………….. (i)
E = 4π² × Solar radiant power on Earth
Here,
Radius of Earth = r = 1.5 × 10⁵km 1.5 × 10⁸m
E = 4π(1.5 × 10⁸)² × 1400
= 3.96 × 10²⁰ watt …………….. (ii)
Equating eqn (i) and (ii), we get
3.96 × 10¹¹ × T⁴ = 3.96 × 10²⁰
T⁴ = \(\frac{3.96 \times 10^{20}}{3.49 \times 10^{11}}\)
T = 1.83 × 10² K.

Question 5.
In a refrigerator one removes heat from a lower temperature and deposits to the surroundings at a higher temperature. In this process, mechanical work has to be done, which is provided by an electric motor. If the motor is of 1 kW power, and heat is transferred from -3°C to 27°C, find the heat taken out of the refrigerator per second assuming its efficiency is 50% of a perfect engine.
Answer:
Given: T₁ = 27°C = 27 + 273 = 300 K
T₂ = -3°C = -3 + 273 = 270 K
Efficiency, η = 1 – \(\frac{\mathrm{T}_{2}}{\mathrm{~T}_{1}}\) = 1 – \(\frac{270}{300}\)
= 1 – 0.9 = 0.1 = \(\frac{1}{10}\)
Efficiency of refrigerator is 50% of perfect engine.
η = 50% of η = 0.5 × \(\frac{1}{10}=\frac{1}{20}\)
∴ Coefficient of performance,
β = \(\frac{Q_{2}}{W}=\frac{I-\eta^{\prime}}{\eta^{\prime}}\)
β = \(\frac{1-\frac{1}{20}}{\frac{1}{20}}\) = \(\frac{1-0.05}{0.05}\)
= \(\frac{0.95}{0.05}\) = 19
Q₂ = 19% of work done by motor on refrigerator
= 19 × 1 kW
Q₂ = 19 kJ/s

Question 6.
To what depth must a rubber ball be taken in deep sea so that its volume is decreased by 0.1%. (The bulk modulus of rubber is 9.8 × 10⁸ Nm^-2, and the density of sea water is 10³ kgm^-3.)
Answer:
Bulk Modulus, B = 9.8 × 10⁸N/m²
Density of sea water (ρ) = 10³kg/m³
Volume decrease (Percentage),
(\(\frac{\Delta V}{V}\) × 100) = 0.1%
\(\frac{\Delta V}{V}=\frac{0.1}{100}\)
= \(\frac{1}{1000}\) = 1 × 10^-3
Let rubber ball be taken up to depth h
∴ change in pressure, P = hρg
Bulk Modulus,
K = \(\left|\frac{P}{\Delta V / V}\right|=\frac{h \rho g}{\Delta V / V}\)
or, h = \(\frac{B \times(\Delta V / V)}{\rho g}\)
= \(\frac{9.8 \times 10^{8} \times 1 \times 10^{-3}}{10^{3} \times 9.8}\)
h = 100 m

Question 7.
Calculate (i) r.m.s velocity, and (ii) mean kinetic energy of one gram molecule of hydrogen at S.T.P (Given, density of hydrogen at S.T.E is 0.09 kg/m³.)
Answer:
Here, ρ = 0.09 kg/m³
At S.T.E P = 1.01 × 10⁵Pa

(i) According to kinetic theory of gases
P = \(\frac{1}{3}\)ρc²
or c = \(\sqrt{\frac{3 P}{\rho}}\)
= \(\sqrt{\frac{3 \times 1.01 \times 10^{5}}{0.09}}\)
= 1834.8 m/s

(ii) Volume occupied by one mole of hydrogen at S.T.P.
= 22.4 litres
= 22.4 × 10^-3 m³
Mass of hydrogen, M = Volume × Density
= 22.4 × 10^-3 × 0.09 kg
= 2.016 × 10^-3 kg
Mean K.E. of one gram molecule of hydrogen at S.T.P.
= 1/2 Mc²
= 1/2 × 2.016 × 10^-3 × (1834.8)²
= 3.4 × 10³ J

Question 8.
A particle is moving in a straight line with S.H.M. of amplitude r. At a distance s from the mean position of motion, the particle receives a blow in the direction of motion which instantaneously doubles the velocity. Find the new amplitude.
OR
Find the time period of mass M when displaced from its equilibrium position and then released for the system shown in Fig.

Answer:
Velocity, υ = ω\(\sqrt{r^{2}-y^{2}}\)
At y = s, let υ = υ₀, then,
υ₀² = ω²(r² – s²) ………….. (i)
Due to blow, the new velocity at y = s is
υ = 2 υ₀, r = r’
So, (2υ₀)² = ω² (r’² – s²) ………… (ii)
Dividing (ii) by (i),
4 = \(\frac{r^{\prime 2}-s^{2}}{r^{2}-s^{2}}\)
On solving r’= \(\sqrt{4 r^{2}-3 s^{2}}\)
OR
Mg = T + T {system is in equilibrium}
∴ Mg = 2T
because of mass hanging spring elongated by 21. Where / is the distance moved by hanging mass

T = F_s (In the spring)
T = 2 kl
∴ Mg = 2(2kl) = 2k(2l)
displacing mass through y distance downwards Restoring force
F = Mg – 2k(2l + 2y)
= Mg – (2k)(2l) – 4ky
or F = Mg – Mg – 4ky = -4ky [1]
M \(\frac{d^{2} y}{d t^{2}}\) = -4ky [1]
\(\frac{d^{2} y}{d t^{2}}\) = –\(\frac{4 k}{M}\)y {comparing with \(\frac{d^{2} y}{d t^{2}}\) = – ω²y)
∴ ω = \(\sqrt{\frac{4 k}{M}}\) or T = \(\frac{2 \pi}{\omega}\) 2π\(\sqrt{\frac{M}{4 k}}\)

Question 9.
The pattern of standing waves formed on a stretched string at two instants of time are shown in Fig.
The velocity of two waves superimposing to form stationary waves is 360 ms1 and their frequencies
are 2.56 Hz.

(a) Calculate the time at which the second curve is plotted.
(b) Mark nodes and anti-nodes on the curve.
(c) Calculate the distance between A and C’.
Answer:
Given: frequency of wave, v = 256 Hz
Time period, T = \(\frac{1}{v}=\frac{1}{256}\)
= 3.9 × 10^-3 s

(a) Time taken to pass through mean position
t = \(\frac{T}{4}\)
= \(\frac{3.9 \times 10^{-3}}{4}\)
= 9.8 × 10^-4

(b) Nodes- A, B, C, D, E (zero displacement) Anti-nodes-A’,C’ (maximum displacement)

(c) At A’, C’, there are consecutive anti-nodes, so distance between A’ and C’,
λ \(\frac{v}{v}=\frac{360}{256}\)
λ = 1.41m

Question 10.
Show that the motion of a particle represented by y = sin ωt – cos ωt is simple harmonic with a period of 2π/ω.
Answer:

Question 11.

A tuning fork vibrating with a frequency of 512 Hz is kept close to the open end of a tube filled with water. The water level in the tube is gradually lowered. When the water level is 17 cm below the open end, maximum intensity of sound is heard. If the room temperature is 20°C, calculate
(a) speed of sound in air at room temperature
(b) speed of sound in air at 0°C
(c) if the water in the tube is replaced with mercury, will there be any difference in your observations?
OR
Show that when a string fixed at its two ends vibrates in 1 loop, 2 loops, 3 loops and 4 loops, the frequencies are in the ratio 1 : 2 : 3 : 4.
Answer:
Let us consider the following diagram

For maximum intensity-
(a) L = \(\frac{\lambda}{4}\)
or λ = 4 L
υ = vλ = v × 4L
= 512 × 4 × 17 × 10^-2
= 348.16 m/s

(b) As, υ ∝ √T (T = Temperature)
\(\frac{v_{20}}{v_{0}}\) = \(\sqrt{\frac{273+20}{273+0}}\) = \(\sqrt{\frac{293}{273}}\)
\(\frac{v_{20}}{v_{0}}\) = 1.04
or υ₀ = \(\frac{v_{20}}{1.04}\) = \(\frac{348.16}{1.04}\) = 334.8 m/s

Water and mercury in tube reflects the sound into air column to form stationary wave and reflection is more in mercury than water as mercury is more denser than water. So, intensity of sound heard will be larger but reading does not change as medium in tube (air) and running fork are same.

OR

OR
Length for each loop = \(\frac{\lambda}{2}\)
Now, L = \(\frac{n \lambda}{2}\)
λ = \(\frac{2 L}{n}\) …………… (1)
But υ = vλ or λ = \(\frac{v}{\mathrm{v}}\)

Putting in eqn. (1),
\(\frac{v}{v}=\frac{2 L}{n}\)
v = \(\frac{n}{2 L}\)
v = \(\frac{n}{2 L} \sqrt{\frac{T}{\mu}}\) [∵ υ = \(\sqrt{\frac{T}{\mu}}\)]
for n = 1,v₁ = \(\frac{1}{2 L} \sqrt{\frac{T}{m}}=\) v₀
for n = 2, v₂ = \(\frac{2}{2 L} \sqrt{\frac{T}{m}}=\) = 2v₀
Therefore,
v₁ : v₂ : v₃ : v₄ = n₁ : n₂ : n₃ : n₄
v₁ : v₂ : v₃ : v₄ =1 : 2 : 3 : 4

Students can access the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 Economics Education with Solutions and marking scheme Term 2 Set 1 will help students in understanding the difficulty level of the exam.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 Economics Term 2 Set 1 with Solutions

Time : 2 Hours
Maximum Marks : 40

General Instructions:

• This is a subjective question paper containing 13 questions.
• This paper contains 5 questions of 2 marks each, 5 questions of 3 marks each and 3 questions of 5 marks each.
• Section A, 2 marks questions are Short Answer Type Questions-Answer them in 30-50 words.
• Section B, 3 marks questions are Short Answer Type Questions-Answer them in 50-80 words.
• Section C, 5 marks questions are Long Answer Type Questions-Answer them in 80-120 words.
• This question paper contains Case/Source Based Questions.

Section – A
(2 Marks Each)

Question 1.
State the relationship between total cost and marginal cost.
OR
Comment on the shape of the MR curve in case the TR curve is a:
(i) Positively sloped straight line passing through the origin.
(ii) Horizontal line.
Answer:
(i) When MC is diminishing, TC increases at a diminishing rate.
(ii) When MC is rising, TC increases at an increasing rate.
(iii) When MC is constant, TC increases at a constant rate.

OR
(i) When TR curve is a positively sloped straight line passing through the origin, MR curve will be a horizontal straight line parallel to X-axis.
(ii) When TR curve is a horizontal line, MR curve will touch X-axis, i.e., MR will be zero (0), because addition to TR (which is MR) will be zero in this case.

Question 2.
What is the difference between price index and quantity index number?
Answer:
Price index measures the changes in the price level whereas quantity index measures the changes in the quantity level.

Question 3.
Explain tire implications of tire “freedom of entry and exit” feature of perfect competition.
OR
What is minimum price ceiling? Explain its implications?
Answer:
Under perfect competition, there will be no restriction on the entry and exit of both buyers and sellers. If the existing sellers start making abnormal profits, new sellers should be able to enter the market freely. This will bring down the abnormal profits to the normal level. Similarly, when losses will occur existing sellers may leave the market. However, such free entry or free exit is possible only in the long- run, but not in the short-run.
OR
For certain goods and services, government sets minimum price. This minimum price is called minimum price ceiling. This price is normally set at a level higher than the equilibrium price. This leads to excess supply. Since producers are not able to sell all they want to sell, they illegally sell the goods or services below the minimum price.

Question 4.
Define Standard Deviation. Write its two demerits.
OR
Name the different types of measures of dispersion.
Answer:
Standard deviation is the square root of the arithmetic mean of the squares of all deviations. Deviations are measured from arithmetic mean of the items.

Demerits:

1. Difficult: The process of squaring the deviations and then to find the value of its square root is a time consuming process. It is quite difficult too.
2. More important to extreme values: In calculation of standard deviation undue importance is given to marginal values.

OR
Measures of dispersion:

• Range,
• Coefficient of range,
• Inter quartile range,
• Quartile deviation,
• Mean deviation,
• Standard deviation, and
• Lorenz Curve.

Question 5.
Compute coefficient of correlation from the following data:

	X-Series	Y-Series
Mean	15	28
Sum of squares of Deviation from Mean	144	225

Sum of products of deviation of X and Y-series from their respective mean is 20. Number of pairs of observations is 10. (2)
Answer:
Given,
Σx² = 144,
Σy² = 225,
Σxy = 20,
N = 0
\(\begin{aligned}
r &=\frac{\Sigma x y}{\sqrt{\Sigma x^{2}} \sqrt{\Sigma y^{2}}} \\
&=\frac{20}{\sqrt{144 \times 225}} \\
&=\frac{20}{\sqrt{32,400}}=\frac{20}{180} \\
&=+0.11 .
\end{aligned}\)

Commonly Made Error

• Students usually forget the actual method of calculation of actual mean method.

Answering Tip

• Recall the Actual Mean Method of calculation of coefficient of correlation.

Section – B
(3 Marks)

Question 6.
Using the simple aggregative method, calculate the index number for the given data: (3)

Commodity	A	B	C	D
P1	15	22	20	27
P0	10	20	18	25

OR
Construct Index Number of price of 2011 from the following data by:
(i) Laspeyre’s Method
(ii) Paasche’s Method

Commodity	2001		2011
	Price	Quantity	Price	Quantity
A	10	30	12	35
B	9	10	11	15
C	8	15	10	20
D	6	20	7	25

Answer:
Construction of the index number:

Commodity	p0 (base year)	p1 (current year)
A	10	15
B	20	22
C	18	20
D	25	27
	Σp0 = 73	Σp1 = 84

Formula :
\(p_{01}=\frac{\Sigma p_{1}}{\Sigma p_{0}} \times 100\)
⇒ p₀₁ = \(\frac{84}{73}\) x 100 = 115.07
OR
Construction of Price Index Number:

(i) Laspeyre’s Method:
p₀₁ = \(\frac{\Sigma p_{1} q_{0}}{\Sigma p_{0} q_{0}}\) x 100
= \(\frac{760}{630}\) x 100 = 120.63

(ii) Paasche’s Method:
p₀₁ = \(\frac{\sum p_{1} q_{1}}{\Sigma p_{0} q_{1}}\) x 100
= \(\frac{960}{795}\) x 100 = 120.75

Question 7.
Write the merits and demerits of scatter diagram. (3)
Read this passage below and answer Q. 8. and Q. that follow.

The slope of a total revenue curve is particularly important. It equals the change in the vertical axis (total revenue) divided by the change in the horizontal axis (quantity) between any two points. The slope measure the rate which total revenue increases as output increase. We can think of it as the increase in total revenue associated with a 1-unit increase in output. The increase in total revenue from a 1-unit increase in quantity is marginal revenue. Thus marginal revenue (MR) equals the slope of the total revenue curve. How much additional revenue does a radish producer gain from selling one more pound of radishes₹The answer, of course, is the market price of 1 pound. Marginal revenue equals the market price. Because the market price is not affected by the output choice of a single firm, the marginal revenue the firm gains by producing one more unit is always the market price. The marginal revenue curve shows the relationship between marginal revenue and the quantity a firm produces. For a perfectly competitive firm, the marginal revenue curve is a horizontal line at the market price. If the market price of a pound of radishes is $0.40, then the marginal revenue is $0.40. Marginal revenue curves for prices of $0.20, $0.40, and $0.60. In perfect competition, a firm’s marginal revenue curve is a horizontal line at the market price. Price also equals average revenue, which is total revenue divided by quantity. To obtain average revenue (AR), we divide total revenue by quantity, Q. Because total revenue equals price (P) times quantity (Q), dividing by quantity leaves us with a price.
Answer:
Merits of Scatter Diagram:

• It is simple and a non-mathematical method of studying correlation between two variables.
• It can be easily understood and interpreted.
• It is not influenced by the size of extreme values.

Demerits of Scatter Diagram:

• It is only a qualitative expression rather than a quantitative expression.
• It gives only a broad and rough idea of the degree and nature of correlation between two variables,
• This method does not indicate the exact numerical value of correlation.

Question 8.
What change will take place in marginal revenue when : 3
(i) Total Revenue increases at an increasing rate.
(ii) Total Revenue increases at a diminishing rate.
Answer:

• When total revenue increases at an increasing rate, marginal revenue should be increasing.
• When total revenue increases at a diminishing rate, marginal revenue should be diminishing.

Question 9.
Comment on the shape of the MR curve in case the TR curve is a: 3

1. A positively sloped straight line passing through the origin.
2. Horizontal line.

Answer:

1. When TR curve is a positively sloped straight line passing through the origin, MR curve will be a horizontal straight line parallel to X-axis.
2. When TR curve is a horizontal line, MR curve will touch X-axis, i.e., MR will be zero (0), because in addition to TR (Which is MR) will be zero in this case.

Question 10.
The equilibrium market wage rate is ₹14,000 per month. The government finding it low fixes minimum wage rate at ₹18,000 per month. Examine the implications of this decision. Use diagram. (3)
Answer:
Payment of wage rate (₹ 18,000) higher than equilibrium wage rate (₹ 14,000) leads to excess supply of labour as shown in the diagram, equal to AB. Since supply is greater than demand, it may lead to unemployment equal to AB.

Section – C
(5 Marks Each)

Question 11.
How is the price of a commodity determined in a perfectly competitive market? Explain with help of a diagram. (5)
Answer:
Price of a commodity is determined by market demand and market supply of a commodity i.e. industry is the price maker). An individual producer/firm has no role in the determination of the price of the commodity (firm is a price taker). No individual seller or buyer can influence the price of the commodity.

DD and SS are market demand and market supply curves intersecting at E. OQ quantity (Equilibrium Quantity) would be offered for sale and demanded by the buyers at OP price (equilibrium price) per unit. The industry is in equilibrium.

Commonly Made Error

• Students often write the perfectly competitive firm incorrectly.

Answering Tip

• Recall the price taking property of the perfectly competitive firm.

Question 12.
(a) Calculate the Standard Deviation from the following data by step deviation method. (3)

Marks	No. of Students
0-10	4
10-20	3
20-30	6
30-40	4
40-50	2

(b) Write four uses of consumer price Index. (2)
OR
(a) Calculate the quartile deviation for the following distribution. (5)

Answer:

(b) Utility / Uses of Index Numbers:

1. Index Numbers make easy the difficult facts: Index Numbers present the complex facts into simple and understandable form. So many times index number measures such changes which may not be measured directly.
2. Index numbers make comparative study easy : Index Numbers show the facts represented in different units comparatively.
3. Helpful in measuring irregular changes: For example changes in prices are helpful in different circumstances.
4. Index Numbers studies the changes in general price level: Most important use of index number is that it measures the value of money during different periods of time.

OR
Calculation of cumulative frequency.

Class	Frequency	Cumulative Frequency
0-10	5	5
10-20	3	5 + 3 = 8
20-30	4	8 + 4 = 12
30-40	3	12 + 3 = 15
40-50	3	15 + 3 = 18
50-60	4	18 + 4 = 22
60-70	7	22 + 7 = 29
70-80	9	29 + 9 = 38
80-90	7	38 + 7 = 45
90-100	8	45 + 8 = 53

Here, N = 53
We know that,
\(Q_{r}=l_{1}+\frac{r\left(\frac{\mathrm{N}}{4}-c\right)}{f}\left(l_{2}-l_{1}\right)\)

Finding Q₁: r = 1
\(\frac{N}{4}=\frac{53}{4}\) = 13.25

Thus, Q₁ lies in the interval 30 – 40.
In this case, quartile class = 30 – 40
l₁ = lower limit of the quartile class
= 30

l₂ = upper limit of the quartile class
= 40

f = frequency of the quartile class
= 3

c = cumulative frequency of the class preceding the quartile class
= 12

Now, by substituting these values in the formula we get:

Thus, Q₃ lies in the interval 80 – 90.
In this case,

quartile class = 80 – 90
l₁ = lower limit of the quartile dass = 80
l₂ = upper limit of the quartile class = 90
f = frequency of the quartile class = 7
c = cumulative frequency of the class preceding the quartile class = 38

Now, by substituting these values in the formula we get:

Finally, the quartile deviation

Hence, the quartile deviation of the given distribution is 24.167 (approximately).

Commonly Made Error

• Students often forget the formula of price-taking property.

Answering Tip

• Recall the formula for the price-taking property of the perfectly competitive firm.

Question 13.
(a) Complete the following table : (2)

(b) Explain the law of variable proportion with the help of a diagram. (3)
Answer:
(a)

(b) The law of variable proportion states that as the quantity of factor increases while keeping the other factors constant the total product first increases with an increasing rate then increases with the decreasing rate and then diminishes.
Schedule-There are three stages of law of variable proportion.

1. Stage I- Here, TP first increases with an increasing rate and MP and AP also increases up to a certain level. In the first phase there is better utilisation of fixed factor, increase in efficiency of variable factors and indivisibility of fixed factors.
2. Stage II- Here, TP increases with the diminishing rate and MP and AP both starts to fall. The reasons responsible for the diminishing return of factors are optimum combination of factors and imperfect substitutes.
3. Stage III- Here, TP reduces and MP becomes negative and AP is also falling but is positive. The factors responsible for negative returns to factor are limitation of fixed factors, poor coordination between variable and fixed factors, decreasing efficiency of variable factors.
   
   

Students can access the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 Business Studies with Solutions and marking scheme Term 2 Set 5 will help students in understanding the difficulty level of the exam.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 Business Studies Term 2 Set 5 for Practice

Time : 2 Hours
Maximum Marks : 40

General Instructions:

• This is a Subjective Question Paper containing 12 questions.
• This paper contains 4 questions of 2 marks each, 4 questions of 3 marks each and 4 questions of 5 marks each.
• Section A: 2 marks questions are Short Answer Type Questions and are to be answered in 30-50 words.
• Section B: 3 marks questions are Short Answer Type Questions and are to be answered in 50-80 words.
• Section C: 5 marks questions are Long Answer Type Questions and are to be answered in 80-120 words.
• This question paper contains Case/Source Based Questions.

Section – A
(2 Marks)

Question 1.
Identify and explain any two sources of finance which remain invested in the business for a longer duration and are not required to be refunded during the life period of the business. [2]

Question 2.
Saundarya Limited ‘is dealing in all types of cosmetic products. It is enjoying increased demand for its product during the last few years. For the purpose of modernisation of technology the company needs ?50 crores as additional capital. Chirag Kapoor, the finance manager of the company recommended that the funds can be raised directly from the public by offering higher interest rate than offered on bank deposit, for a period up to three years . Identify and explain the source recommended by Mr. Kapoor through which the company can raise additional funds. [2]

Question 3.
State the twin objectives with which promotion of small scale industries and rural industrialization has been considered by the Government of India as a powerful instrument. [2]

Question 4.
‘It is the process of improving skills and knowledge of entrepreneurship through various training and development programmes/identify the concept and explain one point of its need. [2]

Question 5.
Dheeraj after completing his master’s degree in management has decided to start Inis own enterprise with the name Dheeraj Food Industries in his village in Himachal Pradesh and opted for labour intensive techniques to provide employment to local people He took the help of DIC, a Govt, institution for promoting small scale industries to get knowledge about incentives and schemes launched by the government for opening small scale industries. It was estimated that, the food and beverages plant to be set up will require a fixed capital investment of T2 crore. The working capital requirements is estimated to be ₹30 lakh. The Directors of the company decided to raise the capital by issuing shares as well as taking loans from financial institutions.

(i) Identify the category into which this industry will be placed under MSMED Act.
(ii) State the services provided by DIC to the entrepreneurs for setting up small and village industries. [3]

Question 6.
Explain the services provided by Wholesalers to Manufacturers. [3]
OR
Explain the services provided by Retailers to Consumers. [3]

Question 7.
Dhamani Brothers have their small general store in the main market, which is very famous in that area as it keeps almost all the brands of products, sells them at reasonable prices and provides free home delivery to the regular customers. Identify the type of middleman Dhamani Brother’s firm is?

Explain how Dhamani Brother’s firm provide both the time and place utility. [3]

Question 8.
Hill tea Plantation Ltd is a reputed company of kerela in Munnar engaged in the field of tea production. The company was having its monopoly in the local and surrounding markets and was earning adequate profits. But with the entry of a big business house in the same line of product it’s management is worried about its future prospects. The company has to reduce its prices to maintain its market share, which is creating huge loss to the company. Secondly it’s facing problem of under utilization of plant capacity .In the board meeting the members came to the conclusion that internationalization of business is the final solution for the problems.

Explain any three benefits of internationalization of business which would be available to the company. [3]

Section – C
(5 Marks)

Question 9.
Elucidate the important features of a Departmental Store. [5]
OR
Discuss the features of Chain stores which makes it different from other fixed shop Retail Stores. [5]

Question 10.
What is meant by International Trade? State any four points how international business presents numerous opportunities and benefits to the nations. [5]

Case/Source Based Questions

Question 11.
Rachit Joshi started his logistics and transportation Firm A-One Packers and Movers in Jaipur 5 years ago by investing ₹5 Lakh. Seeing the high demand for the local and interstate relocation by the people he expanded his business in Delhi and Haryana by making an additional investment of ₹3 crore. He arranged the finances by taking loan from a Development Bank. [5]

(i) Identify the category of the small business owned by Rachit Joshi as per MSMED Act.
(ii) State any four incentives given by the government to promote SSIs.

Question 12.
Jio Chemline Ltd. is a company engaged in the manufacturing of chemicals. The company is planning to expand its business. For this, it needs to raise funds of 500 crore. After analyzing, Shivam, Finance Manager of the company proposed to raise the funds through issue of’ Debentures. Shivam also gave number of reasons for his choice. After listening to ail the points put forward by Shivam the Managing Director of the company was fully satisfied and asked Shivam to go ahead with the issue.
(i) Discuss the reasons which might have been given by Shivam, which convinced the Managing Director to go for issue of Debentures. [5]
OR
Santosh is working as a finance manager in a German Company producing remote operated high-end kitchen equipment. Considering festival demand, the company needs to increase its stock of raw material and finished goods which will require funds of ₹50 Lakh. The directors of the company have decided to expand the business by opening one more factory in India which will require funds of ₹3 crore and one branch in America requiring crore and one branch in Sri Lanka requiring crore investment. [5]

(i) Advise Santosh about the various sources of finance available to meet fund requirements for buying stock of raw material and finished goods.
(ii) Name various instruments used to raise money in international capital market.
(iii) To finance the establishment of factory in India, which financial instrument can be used on the pattern of ADR? Mention the name and explain its two features.

Students can access the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 Business Studies with Solutions and marking scheme Term 2 Set 4 will help students in understanding the difficulty level of the exam.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 Business Studies Term 2 Set 4 for Practice

Time : 2 Hours
Maximum Marks : 40

General Instructions:

• This is a Subjective Question Paper containing 12 questions.
• This paper contains 4 questions of 2 marks each, 4 questions of 3 marks each and 4 questions of 5 marks each.
• Section A: 2 marks questions are Short Answer Type Questions and are to be answered in 30-50 words.
• Section B: 3 marks questions are Short Answer Type Questions and are to be answered in 50-80 words.
• Section C: 5 marks questions are Long Answer Type Questions and are to be answered in 80-120 words.
• This question paper contains Case/Source Based Questions.

Section – A
(2 Marks)

Question 1.
Identify and explain any two sources of finance which remain invested in the business for a longer duration and are not required to be refunded during the life period of the business. [2]

Question 2.
Bakson Cakes and Cookies Ltd. challenged Cake Boutique Ltd. for the use of their trade secrets of baking cakes with minimum fats, no maida, no egg and their exclusive special designs of cakes and biscuits because Cake Boutique Ltd. is selling a range of products claiming the same features, same designs, same colour combinations and while using the packaging, which is deceptively similar to the packaging of Bakson Cakes Ltd. On the basis of the given information answer the following questions:
(i) Which concept of business protection laws can help Bakson Ltd. to protect themselves against Cake Boutiques Ltd ?
(ii) State any one purpose of the concept identified above. [2]

Question 3.
What purpose is served by the wholesaler by providing warehousing facilities? [2]

Question 4.
These shareholders do not get the right to participate in the annual meeting of the company but get the preferential right for the payment of dividends. Explain the preferential rights enjoyed by such shareholders.

Section – B
(3 Marks)

Question 5.
Ramya runs a cloth shop at her house in Jaipur selling exclusively designed Kurtis, skirts,dresses etc designed by her Fashion Designer friend Shipra. During Festive seasons she sells in local business Exhibitions and Trade fairs etc. During Covid times to have uninterrupted sales she started taking online orders from the customers. This has resulted not only in having wider access but also in great convenience to the customers in buying products of their requirements.

(i) Identify the type of intermediary Ramya is?
(ii) Enumerate any four functions performed by Ramya as a channel of distribution. [3]

Question 6.
Explain the services provided by Wholesalers to Manufacturers. [3]
OR
Explain the services provided by Retailers to Consumers. [3]

Question 7.
The capital structure of any company is said to be optimum when there is a balance between both owned and borrowed capital raised by the company as they both have their own merits and demerits. Write any three points of differences between owners’ fund and borrowed funds. [3]

Question 8.
Rohit a poor farmers son, is a very ambitious entrepreneur from a small village of Odisha. He, after completing his studies, wants to generate employment opportunities by promoting the local art of his village artisans by trading their goods in haat bazaars of various cities of Odisha, where their artwork can be sold for a good price. But he was not able to arrange resources to give practical shape to his business idea. His friend told him about Start up India scheme and benefits which are provided to entrepreneurs. Now Rohit is running his business as a successful entrepreneur [3]

(i) What is Start up India scheme?
(ii) Name any four ways to fund start ups.

Section – C
(5 Marks each)

Question 9.
“Identify the type of internal trade in which goods are sold and bought in large quantities for the purpose of resale or intermediate use. Enlist the features of such internal trade. H
OR
“Imagine your life without local markets”. What difficulties would a consumer face if there is no retail shop? [5]

Question 10.
Puma stores are networks of retail shops owned and operated by Puma Company. These shops operate in different parts of the country. One can easily identify these shops in any part of the country as they have same appearance; even their interior is also identical. All the shops are supplied the goods from head office only. Every store sell same goods at uniform prices.
(i) Identify the type of retail store mentioned in above case.
(ii) State any four features of this retail store. [5]

Case/Source Based Questions

Question 11.
Kalakriti Industries Ltd is a company manufacturing office furniture. The company choose to diversify its operations to improve its growth potential and to increase market share, withstanding competition from foreign companies. As the project was important, many alternatives were generated for the purpose and were thoroughly discussed amongst the members of the organisation. After evaluating various alternatives, Sukhvinder, the Managing Director of the company decided that they should add ‘Home Interiors and Furnishings’ as a new line of business activity and to increase their sales they should extend their market territories across the borders.

(i) Explain the benefits available to Kalakrati Industries by exporting their goods. [5]

Question 12.
Jaya, Rohit and Raman are three friends who have completed a vocational course in entrepreneurship after their school education. Finding the job market tough, they were contemplating the idea of setting up a small business using the skills they had learnt in their course. They came across a notification given by the District Industries Centre located near the Industrial Estate in VKIA Jaipur, Rajasthan regarding a seminar on Government assistance for a small business. They attended the seminar and got useful information about Government assistance to SSIs. Jaya decided to open a micro-enterprise as a fruit processing in her village. Rohit planned to start business of providing courier services in Jaipur city, Raman planned to start a small shoe manufacturing factory, in backward area of Odisha.

(i) Give the limit of investment in plant and machinery for Jaya’s small business.
(ii) What is the limit of investment in plant and machinery in case of Service Enterprises according to MSMED Act.
(iii) Why promotion of Small Scale Industries is considered as a powerful instrument for development? [5]
OR
Mansi a student of B.Com final year has decided to become an entrepreneur instead of working for others on salary basis. She is having interest in baking cakes cookies, etc. So she decided to start her own bakery in which she will be providing prompt delivery of customized cakes. She wants to run her business by learning all subtleties of the line of business she will be dealing with. One of her uncle advised her to register herself and attend entrepreneurship development programmes. [5]

(i) State the need of entrepreneurship development programme.
(ii) Explain the process of entrepreneurship development programme.

Students can access the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 Business Studies with Solutions and marking scheme Term 2 Set 3 will help students in understanding the difficulty level of the exam.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 Business Studies Term 2 Set 3 for Practice

Time : 2 Hours
Maximum Marks : 40

General Instructions:

• This is a Subjective Question Paper containing 12 questions.
• This paper contains 4 questions of 2 marks each, 4 questions of 3 marks each and 4 questions of 5 marks each.
• Section A: 2 marks questions are Short Answer Type Questions and are to be answered in 30-50 words.
• Section B: 3 marks questions are Short Answer Type Questions and are to be answered in 50-80 words.
• Section C: 5 marks questions are Long Answer Type Questions and are to be answered in 80-120 words.
• This question paper contains Case/Source Based Questions.

Section – A
(2 Marks each)

Question 1.
‘International businesses are large in size and provide employment to a large number of people.’

Identify and explain the scope of international business? [2]

Question 2.
Ritu is a wholesale dealer in women’s handbags. She deals with many small retailers, who buy handbags from her whenever they need them. She keeps the stock of handbags with her in large quantities. She provides warehousing facilities to various retailers. Identify the purpose served by Ritu in providing warehousing facilities? [2]

Question 3.
‘Entrepreneurs are always looking for opportunities to spread out, flourish and take their business to the next level. Modernization and diversification are excellent growth strategies.’ With reference to the given statement, explain why does a business need funds? [2]

Question 4.
Rohan is a businessman who deals in handicraft materials. He is planning to expand his business in rural areas. He wants to make use of the craftsmen and designers in the villages. Starting the business in rural areas will mitigate unemployment and alleviate poverty. Considering the case above, explain how small businesses mitigate unemployment and alleviate poverty. [2]

Section – B
(3 Marks each)

Question 5.
Shagun is a wholesaler, dealing in large quantities of laptops. She sells these to small shopkeepers/ retailers who further sell them to the customers. With the help of these small retailers who purchase the laptop from Shagun and sell them to the consumers, the consumers get various brands under one roof. What difficulties do you think will be faced by the consumers if retailers are eliminated from this chain? [3]

Question 6.
Briefly describe the features of equity shares. [3]
OR
Explain any two merits and two demerits of raising funds through preference shares. [3]

Question 7.
What forms of support are offered to small industries by the government? [3]

Question 8.
Rama is a village girl who came to Mumbai to visit her relatives. She went to a shop which is centrally located with her cousin. She became astonished by the varieties of goods which were sold in this shop. The prices were also fixed. Identify the type of shop being talked about here. Describe any two characteristics of such shops.

Section – C
5 Marks each

Question 9.
Explain the concept of international business. [5]
OR
Briefly explain the importance of international business. [5]

Question 10.
Differentiate between wholesaler and retailer. [5]

Case/Source Based Question

Question 11.
Rishika Ltd. company, an IT company registered in India wants to top the huge amount of resources for its growth and expansion from the U.K. for long-term needs. It also needs money for a period of less than 3 years to meet its medium- and short-term needs. The company is following the practice of educating and giving employment to underprivileged youth. Also, 50% of its electricity is generated through solar power. Considering the case above, identify two sources of finance that should be used by the company to meet its requirement. State two characteristics of each source of finance. [5]

Question 12.
Rohan and Ravi graduated from IIT Delhi in 2010. Rohan got placed through campus placement in IBM. He encouraged Ravi to sit in other campus placement rounds but Ravi was planning to start his small business of manufacturing leather bags. Rohan was not in favor of his start-up and thought that he cannot earn and contribute to the economic development of the country as much as he could by working in an MNC. Ravi explained the role of entrepreneurship in economic development to him. List down the points Ravi would have to Rohan. [5]
OR
Shreeji Ltd. deals in various types of spices. They have shops in several cities and are located centrally in tire market areas. The owners of Shreeji Ltd. planned to expand the business and start operations in rural areas as well. They started a small unit in a village and employed many residents. They used the expertise of village people in developing new varieties and tastes of the spices. Identify and explain any five problems Shreeji Ltd. would have faced in establishing operations in a rural area. [5]

Students can access the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 Applied Mathematics with Solutions and marking scheme Term 2 Set 2 will help students in understanding the difficulty level of the exam.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 Applied Mathematics Term 2 Set 2 with Solutions

Time : 2 Hours
Maximum Marks : 40

General Instructions:

• The question paper is divided into 3 sections -A, B and C.
• Section A comprises of 6 questions of 2 marks each. Internal choice has been provided in two questions.
• Section B comprises of 4 questions of 3 marks each. Internal choice has been provided in one question.
• Section C comprises of 4 questions. It contains one case study-based question. Internal choice has been provided in one question.

Section – A [2 Marks each]

Question 1.
Evaluate

OR
Differentiate 3^x + x³ + 4x – 5 with respect to x.
Answer:

OR
Let, f(x) = 3^x + x³ + 4x – 5
f'(x) = \(\)f(x)
f’(x) = \(\)(3^x + x³ + 4x – 5)
= 3^x in 3 + 3² + 4 × 1
= 3^xln 3 + 3x² + 4

Question 2.
Five 100 W bulbs are used for 10 hours every day for 30 days. Find the cost of electricity if the rate is ₹ 4.00 per unit.
Answer:
Five bulbs consume the power of 100 W each.
The total power consumed by 5 bulbs = 5 × 100
= 500 W = 0.5 kilowatt
(∵ lkW = 1000 W)

Electrical energy consumed daily is,
E = P × t = 0.5 kW × 10 hours 14 = 5 kWh.

Thus, total electrical energy consumed for 30 days
= 5 kWh × 30 days = 150 kWh or 150 units.

The cost of 1 unit of electricity
= ₹ 4

Thus, the total cost of electricity = ₹ 4 × 150 = ₹ 600

Question 3.
Mr. Roy need to borrow money. His neighbourhood bank charges 8% interest compounded semi-annually. An internet bank charges 7.9% interest compounded monthly. At which bank will Mr. Roy pay lesser amount of interest?
OR
ABC Ltd. wants to lease out an asset costing ₹ 36,000 for five years has fixed rental of ₹ 1,05,000 per annum payable annually starting from the end of first year. Suppose rate of interest is 14% per annum compounded annually on which money can be invested by the company. Is this agreement favourable to the company ?
Answer:
Compare effective rates : Neighbourhood bank,
E = (1 + \(\frac{0.08}{2}\))² – 1
= 0.0816 ≈ 8.16%

Internet bank,
E = (1 + \(\frac{0.79}{12}\))² – 1 = 0.08192 ≈ 8.19%
The neighbourhood bank has the lower effective rate although it has a higher nominal (actual) rate.
OR
First we have compute the present value of the annuity of ₹ 1,05,000 for five years at the interest rate of 14% p.a. compounded annually.
The present value PL of the annuity is given by = C.F. × P(n, i)
Here, C.F. = 1,05,000, i = 14% = 0.14, n = 5 and P(n, i) = P(5, 0.14) = 3.43308
∴ P.V. = 1,05,000 × 3.43308
= ₹ 360473.40
which is greater than the initial cost (₹ 3,60,000) of the asset and consequently leasing is favourable to the lessor.

Question 4.
A couple has 2 children. Find the probability that both are boys, if it is known that (i) one of them is boy (ii) the older child is a boy.
Answer:
Sample space = {B₁, B₂, B₁ G₂, G₁ B₂, G₁ G₂} where, B₁ and G₁ are the older boy and girl, respectively.

Let E₁ = both the children are boys
E₂ = one of the children is a boy
E₃ = the older child is a boy

(i) P(one of them is a boy) = P\(\left(\frac{E_{1}}{E_{2}}\right)\)
= \(\frac{P\left(E_{1} \cap E_{2}\right)}{P\left(E_{2}\right)}=\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{\frac{3}{4}}=\frac{1}{3}\)

(ii) P(older child is a boy) = P\(\left(\frac{E_{1}}{E_{3}}\right)\)
= \(\frac{P\left(E_{1} \cap E_{3}\right)}{P\left(E_{3}\right)}=\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{\frac{2}{4}}=\frac{1}{2}\)

Commonly Made Error:
Students get confused while finding (E₁ ∩ E₂) and (E₁ ∩ E₃). Errors are also made in using conditional probability formulae.

Answering Tip
Independent cases or mutually exdusive situations need plenty of illustration. Conditional probability problems need to be practice thoroughly.

Question 5.
If ’p’ is the length of the perpendicular from the origin to the given line whose intercepts on axes are ‘a’ and ‘b’, then find the relation between a, b and p.
Answer:
Equation of the line which makes intercepts ‘a’ and ‘b’ on the axes is
\(\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}\) = 1

∴ The perpendicular distance ‘p’ from the origin is

Question 6.
In how many ways can the letter of the word “PENCIL” be arranged so that I is always next to L.
Answer:
There are 6 letters in the word “PENCIL”. Consider LI as one letter. Now, 5 letters (P E, N, C,… LI) can be arranged in ⁵P₅ = 5! = 120 ways.
Hence, the total number of ways in which I is always next to L is 120.

Commonly Made Error:
Sometimes students take permutation of 5 letters arrangement as ⁶P₅ instead of ⁵P₅. which leads to incorrect result.

Answering Tip:
Read the question carefully and then decide whether to take ⁶P₅ on ⁵P₅.

Section – B [3 Marks each]

Question 7.
A young man visits a hospital for medical check up. The probability that he has lungs problem is 0.55, heart problem is 0.29 and either lungs or heart problem is 0.57. What is the probability that he has
(i) both type of problems: lungs as well as heart ?
(ii) lungs problem but not heart problem ?
(iii) Out of 1000 persons, how many are expected to have both type of problems ?
Answer:
Let ‘L’ and ‘H be the events that the young man has lungs problem and heart problem respectively.
∴ P(L) = 0.55, P(H) = 0.29, P(L ∪ H) = 0.57 P(E ∩ H) = ?
(i) We know that,
⇒ P(E ∪ H) = P(L) + P(H) – P(L ∩ H)
⇒ P(L ∩ H) = P(L) + P(H) – P(E ∪ H)
⇒ 0.55 + 0.29 – 0.57
= 0.27
∴ The probability that he has both the problems is 0.27.

(ii) P(E ∩ H) = P(E) – P(E ∩H)
= 0.55 – 0.27 = 0.28 1
∴ The probability that he has lungs problem but not heart problem is 0.28.

(iii) Out of 1000 persons, the number of
persons having both the problems = 0.27 × 1000 = 270.

Question 8.
If two diameters of a circle lie along the lines x – y – 9 = 0 and x – 2y – 7 = 0 and the area of the circle is 38.5 sq. units, find the equation.
OR
A double ordinate of parabola y² = 4ax is of length 8a. Prove that the lines from the vertex to its ends are at right angles.
Answer:
Given, two diameters of a circle lie along the lines
x – y – 9 = 0 …(i)
and x – 2y – 7 = 0 …(ii)
So, their point of intersection is the centre of the circle.
Solving eqs. (i) and (ii), simultaneously, we get
x = 11 and y = 2
∴ The centre of the circle is (11, 2).
Let r be the radius of the circle, then
Area = πr² = 38.5 sq units (given)

∴ The equation of the circle is
(x – 11)² + (y – 2)² = (\(\frac{7}{2}\))²
x² + y² – 22x – 4y + 125 = \(\frac{49}{4}\)
= x² + y² – 22x – 4y + 125 – \(\frac{49}{4}\) = 0
= 4(x² + y²) – 88x – 16y + 451 = 0
is the required equation of circle.

OR

Let PQ be the double ordinate of length 8a of the parabola y² = 4ax. Then, PR = QR = 4a.
Let AR = x₁ then coordinates of point P are (x₁ 4a) and coordinates of point R are (x₁ – 4a).

Since, P lies on y² = 4ax
(4a)² = 4ax₁
⇒ x₁ = 4a

So, coordinates of P and Q are (4a, 4a) and (4a, – 4a), respectively.
Also, the coordinates of the vertex A are (0, 0)
∴ m₁ = slope of AP = \(\frac{4 a-0}{4 a-0}\) = 1
and m₂ = slope of AQ = \(\frac{-4 a-0}{4 a-0}\) = -1
Clearly, m₁m₂ = -1
Hence, AP ⊥ AQ.
Thus, the lines from the vertex of its ends are at right angles.
Hence Proved.

Question 9.
In a single throw of two dice, determine the probability of getting a total of 7 or 9.
Answer:
Let S be the sample space. Then, n(S) = 6² = 36
Let ‘A’ and ‘B’ be the events of getting a total of 7 and 9 respectively.
∴ A = {(1,6), (2, 5), (3,4), (4, 3), (5,2), (6,1)}
n(A) = 6
B = {(3,6), (4,5), (5,4), (6, 3)} A ∩ (B) = 4
A ∩ B = Φ ⇒ n(A ∩ B) = 0 n(A) 4
∴ P(A) = \(\frac{n(A)}{n(S)}=\frac{4}{36}\)
P(B) = \(\frac{n(B)}{n(S)}=\frac{4}{36}\)

and P(A ∩ B) = \(\frac{n(A \cap B)}{n(S)}\) = 0

We know that,
P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A ∩ B)
= \(\frac{6}{36}+\frac{4}{36}\) – 0
= \(\frac{10}{36}=\frac{5}{18}\)
∴ The probability of getting a total of 7 or 9 is \(\frac{5}{18}\)

Question 10.
A machine with useful life of seven years costs ₹ 10,000 while another machine with useful life of five years costs ₹ 8,000. The first machine saves labour expenses of ₹ 1,900 annually and the second one saves labour expenses of ₹ 2,200 annually. Determine preferred course of action. Assume cost of borrowing as 10% compounded per annum.
[Given, P(7,0.10) = 4.86842, P(5,0.10) = 3.79079]
Answer:
The present value of annual cost saving for the first machine = C.F. × P(n, i)
Here, C.F. = ₹ 1900, P(n, i) = P(7, 0.10) = 4.86842
n = 7 and i = 10% = \(\frac{10}{100}\) = 0.10
∴ Present value = 1900 × P(7, 0.10)
= 1900 × 4.86842 A
= 9249.99 = ₹ 9250
Cost of machine being ₹ 10,000, it costs more by ₹ 750 than it saves in terms of labour cost. A The present value of annual cost saving of second machine
= C.F. × P(n, i)
= 2000 × P(5, 0.10)
= 2000 × 3.79079 = ₹ 8339.74
Cost of the second machine being ₹ 8000, effective saving in labour cost is ₹ 339.74. Hence, the second machine is preferable.

Section – C [4 Marks each]

Question 11.
A group consists of 4 girls and 7 boys. In how many ways can a team of 5 members be selected if a team has :
(a) no girl
(b) at least 3 girls
Answer:
(i) no girl

(ii) at least 3 girls?
Since, the team has to consist of at least 3 girls, the team can consist of
(a) 3 girls and 2 boys
(b) 4 girls and 1 boy

(a) 3 girls and 2 boys

Number of ways selecting = ⁷C₂ × ⁴C₃
= \(\frac{7 !}{2 ! 5 !} \times \frac{4 !}{3 ! 1 !}\)
= \(\frac{7 \times 6}{2 \times 1}\) × 4
= 84

(b) 4 girls and 1 boy

Number of ways selecting = ⁷C₂ × ⁴C₃
= \(\frac{7 !}{1 ! 6 !} \times \frac{4 !}{4 ! 0 !}\)
= 7 × 1
= 7

∴ Total number of ways = 84 + 7 = 91

Question 12.
From the following information, compute the tax liability of R, for the assessment year 2020-21.

	₹
Business income	4,60,000
Receipt from sale of trees of spontaneous growth	1,00,000
Agricultural income	60,000

OR
For a non-domestic connection monthly consumption of water is 150 kilolitres, then find the water bill for a month. Tariff rates can be considered as the table given below:

Monthly Consumption (in Kilolitre)	Service Charge (in ₹)	Volumetric Charge (Per kl in ₹)
0-06	146.41	17.57
06-15	292.82	26.35
15-25	585.64	35.14
25-50	1024.87	87.85
50-100	1171.28	140.56
>100	1317.69	175.69
Plus Sewer Maintenance Charge: 60% of water volumetric charge

Answer:
Computation of tax liability of R

Note: Receipt from sale of trees which are of spontaneous growth is a capital receipt and not taxable under the head capital gain as trees of spontaneous growth can be said to be self generated and their cost of acquisition cannot be determined.

OR
Volumetric Charge for consumption upto 6 kl = ₹ 6 × 17.57 = ₹ 105.42
Volumetric Charge for consumption between 6-15 kl = ₹ 9 × 26.35 = ₹ 237.15
Volumetric Charge for consumption between 15-25 kl = ₹ 10 × 35.14 = ₹ 351.4
Volumetric Charge for consumption between 25-50 kl = ₹ 25 × 87.85 = ₹ 2196.25
Volumetric Charge for consumption between 50-100 kl = ₹ 50 × 140.56 = ₹ 7028
Volumetric Charge for consumption between 100-150 kl = ₹ 50 × 175.69 = ₹ 8784.5

Total volumetric Charge for consumption of
150 kl = (105.42 + 237.15 + 351.4 + 2196.25 + 7028 + 8784.5) = ₹ 18702.72
Service Charge = ₹ 1317.65
Sewage Charges = 60% of Volumetric Charges
= 18702.72 × 60% = ₹ 11221.63
Amount of water bill for the given month =
₹ (18702.72 + 13I7.65 + 11221.63) = ₹ 31242
Thus, amount of non-domestic water bill is ₹ 31242.

Question 13.
Find the derivative of \(\frac{x+1}{x-1}\) by the first principle method.
Answer:

Question 14.
In XI standard, teacher was discussing the concept of Future Value of Annuity Regular. During his class, he discussed the following few points on this: ₹ 500 was invested in annuity (future value regular) for 10 years at the rate of 14% compounded annually.

On the basis of the above information, answer the following questions:
If C.F. be the periodic payments, (cash flow in each period), the future value F.V (n, i) of the annuity is given by:
Future value (F.V) of an Annuity = C.F\(\left[\frac{(1+i)^{n}-1}{i}\right]\)
(a) What will be the future value of annuity at the end of two years? Given that (1.14)² = 1.2996. Also,
find the future value of the annuity after 3 years. Given that (1.14)³ = 1.4815 (2)
(b) What is the approximate difference between the future value of the annuity for five years and three years? Given that (1.14)⁵ = 1.925. What is the difference between the profit earned by future value of the annuity for two years and the ₹ 1000 invested compounded for two years with the same interest rate? (2)
Answer:
(a) By using formula,
F.V. of an Annuity= C.F.\(\left[\frac{(1+i)^{n}-1}{i}\right]\)
Here, C.E = 500, i = 0.14, n = 2
By putting these values, we get:
EV. of an Annuity at the end of two years
= 500\(\left[\frac{(1+0.14)^{2}-1}{0.14}\right]\)
= \(\frac{0.2996}{0.14}\)
= 500 × 2.14
= ₹ 1070
Also, EV. of annuity at the end of three years:
After three years future value of an annuity

(b) The approximate difference between the future value of the annuity for five years and three years:
After three years future value of the annuity
= ₹ 1719.64
After five years future value of the annuity

Therefore, difference
= 3305.57 – 1719.64
= ₹ 1585.93
Now, the difference between the profit earned by future value of the annuity for two years and the 1000 invested compounded for two years with the same interest rate:
Amount = P\(\left[1+\frac{r}{100}\right]^{n}\)
r = rate of interest,
n = number of years
P = principal
1000 [1.14]² = 1299.6
Future value of annuity after two years
= ₹ 1070
∴ Difference = ₹ 1299.6 – ₹ 1070
= ₹ 229.6

Students can access the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 Business Studies with Solutions and marking scheme Term 2 Set 2 will help students in understanding the difficulty level of the exam.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 Business Studies Term 2 Set 2 with Solutions

Time : 2 Hours
Maximum Marks : 40

General Instructions:

• This is a Subjective Question Paper containing 12 questions.
• This paper contains 4 questions of 2 marks each, 4 questions of 3 marks each and 4 questions of 5 marks each.
• Section A: 2 marks questions are Short Answer Type Questions and are to be answered in 30-50 words.
• Section B: 3 marks questions are Short Answer Type Questions and are to be answered in 50-80 words.
• Section C: 5 marks questions are Long Answer Type Questions and are to be answered in 80-120 words.
• This question paper contains Case/Source Based Questions.

Section – A
(2 Marks)

Question 1.
Finance is not only needed to open a business, even the day-to-day running of a business requires a constant stream of finance.’ Explain the meaning of finance and its importance in business. [2]
Answer:
For carrying out business, firms need money, which is also called finance. Finance can be defined as managing money and investing, borrowing, saving, etc. It can also be defined as the process of raising funds or capital for a business. A business needs to run its operations smoothly and successfully. No business can run its operations smoothly without the availability of the right amount of funds at the right cost and the right time.

Commonly Made Error

• Students give the definition of business finance here instead of finance.

Answering Tip

• Students should read the question carefplly and write the answer.

Question 2.
The District Industries Centres offers a subsidy loan scheme for young professionals under the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment guidance. It was established in 1978 and was initiated by the central government to promote small-scale industries in smaller towns. DICs’ primary focus is to generate employment in rural regions of India. Considering the above para, state two main functions of the District Industrial Centre (DIC)? [2]
Answer:
Two main functions of the District Industries Centre are:

• Recognizing and supporting the new entrepreneurs financially.
• Providing financial support to small units.
• Development and expansion of industrial clusters.
• Identification of suitable schemes.
• Preparation of feasibility reports
• Arranging for credit, machinery and equipment (Any two)

Question 3.
‘Countries that can produce a product at lower cost will be able to gain a larger share in the market’.
Which benefit of international trade is being talked about here? Elaborate. [2]
Answer:
International trade promotes efficiency in production as countries adopt better methods of production to produce at lower costs to remain competitive. By adopting this, countries can produce products at lower costs and will be able to gain a larger share in the market. Hence, the efficiency of production rises. This will also help in increasing the standards of the product and consumers will have a good quality of products to consume.

Question 4.
Suman is a retailer of leather boots. She usually buys the goods from Ravi, who is a wholesaler of leather boots. Both, Suman and Ravi deal in goods within the country, and Suman sells them to the end customers. Identify the type of trade Suman and Ravi are engaged in. [2]
Answer:
Suman and Ravi are engaged in Internal Trade, which refers to buying and selling of goods and services within the boundaries of a nation. Ravi is a wholesaler and Wholesale Trade refers to buying and selling of goods and services in large quantities for resale or immediate use. Suman is a retailer selling goods to the end customer.

Section – B
(3 Marks each)

Question 5.
Pepper Ltd. is a manufacturing company co-owned by Ratul and Shakti. The firm made a profit of ₹ 200 crore in 2010. Ratul and Shakti decided to expand the operations of the business and open a new department. To expand the business operations, what options do Ratul and Shakti have? Identify various sources of funds on the basis of ownership and discuss the different types of owner’s funds that are available. [3]
Answer:
Sources of funds based on ownership are:

• Owner’s funds
• Borrowed funds

The owner’s funds can be raised by issuing preference shares, retained earnings, equity shares, etc.

1. Preference shares: Preference shares are the types of shares for which dividends are paid to shareholders before the payment of common stock dividends.
2. Retained earnings: Retained earnings are an accumulation of the company’s net income over all the years that the business has been in operation.
3. Equity shares: Equity shares are long-term financing sources for any company which are issued to the general public and are non-redeemable.

Question 6.
‘To facilitate MSMEs in accessing credit assistance from nationalized and private sector banks/Discuss the scheme of NSIC being indicated here. [3]
OR
Mention three main objectives of small-scale industries. [3]
Answer:
The ‘Bank Credit Facilitation’ scheme of NSIC is being discussed here. NSIC has partnered with several private and public sector banks to fulfill the credit needs of micro, small and medium enterprises. The firms can get credit support by following the proper documentation process. The firms can download the loan application forms from the banks’ official website under the Banks Credit Facilitation scheme.

OR

The main objectives of small-scale industries are:

• To provide an opportunity for large-scale employment at a minimum cost.
• To meet the growing demands of the consumer goods and simple producer goods.
• To ensure maximum utilization of unexploited resources of the country.
• To help in the development of rural and under-developed regions of the country.

Question 7.
Discuss the services of retailers to manufacturers and wholesalers. [3]
Answer:
Retailers provide the following services to wholesalers and manufacturers:

1. Help in the distribution of goods: Retailers assist in the dissemination of manufacturers’ products by making them available to end-users who may be dispersed across a vast geographical area.
2. Personal selling: Retailers relieve producers of this work and considerably assist them in the process of actualizing product sales by engaging in personal selling efforts.
3. Enabling large-scale operations: Retailers allow them to function at a somewhat large scale, allowing them to focus totally on their other tasks.
4. Collecting market information: Retailers are a significant source of market data about customer tastes, interests, etc. which can help marketers to make critical marketing decisions. (Any three)

Question 8.
International trade has an adverse impact on the development of domestic countries. If we take the example of Iran, we know that crude oil cannot be produced by every country and that is why Iran is at a disadvantage all the time due to the monopoly of oil-exporting nations. The exploitation of the importing country by the exporting country can take place. Keeping in mind the case above, point out any four disadvantages of international trade for the underdeveloped and developing countries. [3]
Answer:
Following are the disadvantages of international trade for underdeveloped and developing countries:
(i) Economic Dependence: Most underdeveloped and developing countries are dependent on exporting countries for importing the goods and services for their economic development. Too much dependence on exporting countries has serious political and socio-economic implications.

(ii) Dumping of goods: Many exporting countries capture the market in underdeveloped countries, dump their goods at throwaway prices. Though such goods are inferior and have shorter life; they attract customers in importing countries which results in cutthroat competition to domestic industries.

(iii) Adverse effect on the BOP (Balance of Payments): Because of relatively more freedom in international hade, the underdeveloped and developing nations are not in a position to compete with developed countries due to lack of competence. Thus, the balance of trade remains negative on a long-term basis.

(iv) Colonialism: International trade leads to colonialism in the world, which means the domination of developed countries over-dependent underdeveloped countries to fulfill their mean interests.

Commonly Made Error

• Students mention the disadvantages without headings and in detail.

Answering Tip

• Students should mention the disadvantages along with the headings for better understanding and clarity.

Section – C
(5 Marks)

Question 9.
Differentiate between owner’s funds and borrowed funds. [5]
OR
‘Public deposits are received by a company from the public as unsecured debt.’ Discuss the concept of public deposits. [5]
Answer:

Owner’s funds	Borrowed Funds
The owner’s funds are the total amount invested by the owner of an enterprise and the accumulated profits that they have re-invested in the business.	Borrowed funds are loans or credits taken by a business from other financial institutions.
The owner’s contribution to capital is perma­nent. It is a permanent source of investment for a business that remains with the company till it winds up its operations.	Borrowed funds are a temporary source of investment for a business that is paid back to the creditors after the completion of a specific period. It is fixed as per the time limit, i.e., borrowed for 6 months, 1 year, etc.
The owner’s funds require no security.	Business gets loan against the security of assets.
The control of the enterprise rests with the individuals or entities that provide the capital for business. The owners have the full right to control business activities.	Borrowed fund holder has no right to control the business activities. The providers of borrowed funds do not get any stake in the control of the enterprise by providing funds.
The reward for the Owner’s funds is the dividend that they get at the end of the year.	The reward for borrowers’ funds is the fixed rate of interest that they get periodically.
The owners get second priority in terms of the return of capital. The dividend on the owner’s funds is paid only after the payment of interest on the borrowed funds.	The borrowers get priority in terms of return of capital. The interest on borrowed funds gets paid before the payment of dividends on the owner’s funds.

OR
Public deposits are the deposits raised by business organizations from the public. Any member of the public can fill-up the form and deposit money with the company. The company issues a deposit receipt in return. The rate of interest on these deposits depends upon the period of deposit and the reputation of the company.

A company can invite public deposits for a period of 1 year to 5 years. Public deposits refer to the deposits received by a company from the public as unsecured debt. These are preferred by the companies because they are cheaper than bank loans. These are a very convenient source of business finance. Interest paid on public deposits is tax-deductible which reduces tax liability.

Question 10.
Discuss the role of small businesses in India with special reference to rural areas. [5]
Answer:
Small businesses are small in size and are owned and controlled by a limited number of people. These businesses require a small amount of capital to start. They provide profits to their owners and serve the local community. These businesses are mostly operated in rural parts of the country to provide employment to a large number of people and strengthen them financially.

The role of small businesses can be described as:

(i) Generates employment: Small businesses employ a large number of people in rural areas. They are more concerned about the laborers in rural areas and employ unskilled workers in their operations. Hence, they play an important role in reducing poverty and improving the lives of people in rural areas.

(ii) Best utilization of local resources: There are a variety of resources in rural areas. These resources include sufficient and cheap raw materials and cheap labor. Small Industries use these resources to the full extent and make the better utilization of these resources.

(iii) Promotes rural development and growth: Rural development or industrialization is one of the main functions of the industries located in rural areas. It also helps in the removal of poverty from the villages.

(iv) Increase tax revenue: As the industries employ a large number of people in rural areas, they are earning efficiently and generating revenue. These industries pay taxes to the government on then incomes. When the industries are increasing, the number of laborers is increasing, the tax revenue to the government is also increases.

Case/Source Based Question

Question 11.
Sheetal Ltd., a handbag manufacturing company owned by Shree, opens its shops in different Indian locations. She sells goods in cash only. The shops have identical decorations and fixed prices of goods. This way they help in eliminating unnecessary middlemen and benefit the customers. Keeping in mind the above situation, answer the following questions: [5]
(i) Identify the type of shop referred to.
(ii) State a few characteristics of such shops.
Answer:
(i) The shops being talked about in the para are multiple shops or chain stores. Many chain stores have sprouted up at various locations across the country. These shops sell standardized and branded consumer goods with high sales turnover. These stores use the same merchandising techniques and are owned by the same company.

(ii) Characteristics of chain stores are:

• The goods are dispatched to each shop by the head office.
• The shops are under the supervision of a Branch Manager, who is responsible for day-to-day management.
• The head office is in charge of creating policies and ensuring that they are executed.
• The prices of goods in such shops are fixed, and all sales are conducted in cash.

Question 12.
Suresh is a dealer in groceries. He owns a shop in the central market of his area. He buys goods in larger quantities and sells them to small businessmen. He also stores groceries for these small businessmen and provides warehousing facilities to them. Considering the case above, answer the questions below:
(i) Which type of trader Suresh is? [2]
(ii) State the services Suresh provides to these businessmen. [3]
OR
Ritu and Shashi were talking about expanding theiri manufacturing business to international countries. They already have many stores in several cities of the country and are earning huge profits. Shashi was satisfied with the domestic business, but Ritu was in favor of expanding the business internationally and explained the benefits of international business. What would Ritu have told Shashi about the benefits? [5]
Answer:
(i) Suresh works as a wholesaler. A wholesaler buys the products in bulk from the manufacturer and sells it to the retailer/businessmen because it acts as an intermediary between manufacturers and retailers. A wholesaler is an important link in the distribution network. The retail stage of distribution is where items are transmitted from the hands of small businessmen to the hands of consumers.

(ii) Services wholesalers provide to the retailers are:

1. Ready supply: The wholesalers enable the consumer to buy the desired quantity and quality of goods at a convenient time and place because they supply goods regularly to the retailers.
2. Fair-priced goods: Since a wholesaler buys goods from manufacturers in bulk and allows him to reap the benefits of economies of large-scale production.
3. Stabilization of price: The wholesaler is in a better position to stabilize the prices of the products by adjusting demand and supply.
4. Advertising the goods: Wholesalers advertise the goods extensively to enlighten about their uses, types, and qualities. The retailers get knowledge about the goods and are in a better position to inform their customers accordingly.

OR

Benefits of international trade are:

• The cost of transportation from India will be reduced by setting up a production plant overseas.
• Business firms can earn more profits by selling their products in countries with high pricing when local prices are lower.
• Making use of excess production capacity to increase operational profitability.
• When domestic market competition is fierce, internationalization appears to be the only way to grow significantly.
• The desire to become international stems from a ambition to expand, a desire to become more competitive, and a desire to reap the strategic benefits of internationalization.

Students can access the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 Business Studies with Solutions and marking scheme Term 2 Set 1 will help students in understanding the difficulty level of the exam.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 Business Studies Term 2 Set 1 with Solutions

Time : 2 Hours
Maximum Marks : 40

General Instructions:

• This is a Subjective Question Paper containing 12 questions.
• This paper contains 4 questions of 2 marks each, 4 questions of 3 marks each and 4 questions of 5 marks each.
• Section A: 2 marks questions are Short Answer Type Questions and are to be answered in 30-50 words.
• Section B: 3 marks questions are Short Answer Type Questions and are to be answered in 50-80 words.
• Section C: 5 marks questions are Long Answer Type Questions and are to be answered in 80-120 words.
• This question paper contains Case/Source Based Questions.

Section A
(2 Marks)

Question 1.
Define Entrepreneurship development. State the stages of the entrepreneurship development program. [2]
Answer:
Entrepreneurship development is the means of enhancing the knowledge and skills of entrepreneurs through training. The main focus of this development is to strengthen and increase the number of entrepreneurs.

The entrepreneurship development program is the process of improving the skills and knowledge of entrepreneurs through various training and development programs. An entrepreneurial development program consists of three broad categories:

• Pre-training Stage
• Training or Development Stage
• Post-training or follow-up Stage

Question 2.
‘Shriram Ltd.’ is dealing in electric vehicles. The demand for small electric vehicles has been increasing since a long time. They have planned to expand the company and need ₹ 2 crores. The finance manager, Rahul Sharma planned to raise funds through various sources. Identify the options Shriram Ltd. has to raise funds for the expansion of the company. [2]
Answer:
Shriram Ltd. has following options to raise funds:

• Debentures: Debentures are debt instruments used by companies to raise loans. These are important instruments for raising long-term debt capital. A company can raise funds through issue of debentures, which bear a fixed rate of interest.
• Bonds: Bonds are secured non-convertible debt instrument issued by the government or specialised financial institutions.
• Shares: Shares are the indication of a unit of ownership of the company. The owner of shares of a company is a shareholder of the company. (Any two)

Commonly Made Error

• Students get confused between bonds and debentures and the type of debt instruments. These seem similar to them.

Answering Tip

• Students should study the meaning and type of debt instruments thoroughly.

Question 3.
Explain the importance of foreign trade. [2]
Answer:
Foreign trade is the only source of specialization in the production of those goods for which a large number of resources and facilities are available in the country due to the unequal distribution of resources.

With the help of foreign trade, people get those goods which are not produced in their country and hence, it helps in improving their standard of living. Foreign trade also helps in the economic development of the nation.

Capital equipment and scarce raw material can be imported. Also, surplus commodities can be exported to other countries and foreign exchange may be earned.

Question 4.
Rohan is a dealer in grocery items. He has a warehouse to store extra items and deals with many small shops owners as well as customers to sell various products. Ritu is one of the tire shop owners who purchase the items from Rohan and sell them to the consumers further. What do you think is the difference between Rohan and Ritu? [2]
Answer:
Rohan is a wholesaler whereas Ritu is a retailer. A wholesaler buys in bulk from the producer and sells to the retailers for resale or intermediate use. A retailer buys from the wholesaler and sells to the ultimate consumer for final consumption.

Section – B
(2 Marks)

Question 5.
Rishi is a wholesale dealer in grocery goods. He has contacted several retailers to supply goods to them. He owned a warehouse to store goods. There are a variety of goods available with him. He also sells products to the customers, when they demand. He also serves the manufacturers of various goods by helping them in contacting the retailers. Explain which services are provided by wholesalers to the manufacturers? [3]
Answer:
Services offered by wholesalers to the manufacturers are:

1. A wholesaler acts as an intermediary between a manufacturer and a retailer as he buys goods from manufacturers and delivers them to the retailers.
2. Wholesalers provide market and sales assistance to the manufacturer as they are aware of the market trends. They undertake advertising and sales promotion activities.
3. Wholesalers receive bulk orders from the retailers and pass them on to the manufacturers. So, the manufacturers do not need to bother about selling in small quantities.
4. Wholesalers take delivery of goods when these are produced in a factory and keep them in their warehouses thereby bearing all the associated risks.

Question 6.
Define Start-up scheme. What are the benefits provided under the Start-up scheme? [3]
OR
What services do wholesalers to the retailers?
Answer:
Startup India is a flagship initiative of the Government of India, intended to catalyze startup culture and build a strong and inclusive ecosystem for innovation and entrepreneurship in India.

The benefits provided to recognized start-ups under the Start-up India initiative are:

1. Self-certification: Self-certify and comply under 3 environmental and 6 labor laws.
2. Tax exemption: Income tax exemption for a period of 3 consecutive years and exemption on capital and investments.
3. Startup patent application and IPR protection: Fast track patent application with up to 80% rebate in filing patents. (Any two)

OR

Services provided by wholesalers to retailers are:

1. Availability of goods: The wholesalers are in close contact with manufacturers, so they make the products readily available to the retailers.
2. Grant of credit: Wholesalers help retailers financially by providing them credit facilities, which enables the retailers to manage their business with small amount of working capital.
3. Marketing support: The wholesalers perform various marketing functions and provide support to the retailers through product promotion.
4. Risk sharing: A retailer does not have to bother about risk of storage, reduction in price, fluctuation in demand, etc. All these risks are borne by the wholesaler. (Any three)

Question 7.
Give the classification of small-scale enterprises/ MSME along with the criteria and their respective limits as defined by Government of India. [3]
Answer:

Parameter
Classification of Manufacturing and Service Enterprises :

• An industry is a Micro-Enterprise if investment in Plant and Machinery does not exceed Rs. 1 crore;
• An industry is a Small Enterprise if investment in Plant and Machinery does not exceed Rs. 10 crore ;
• An industry is a Medium Enterprise if investment in Plant and Machinery does not exceed Rs. 50 crore.

Parameter II

• An industry is a Micro-Enterprise if its turnover does not exceed Rs. 5 crore;
• An industry is a Small Enterprise if its turnover does not exceed Rs. 50 crore;
• An industry is a Medium Enterprise if its turnover does not exceed Rs. 250 crore. (Any three)

Question 8.
Ram opened a departmental store dealing in a variety of goods in his area. He deals in several goods which are necessary for the daily needs of consumers. Discuss three features of departmental stores. [3]
Answer:

1. A departmental store is a large establishment offering a wide variety of products, classified into well-defined departments, aimed at satisfying practically every customer’s need under one roof.
2. It has a number of departments, each one confining its activities to one kind of product, e.g., there may be separate departments for toiletries, medicines, furniture, groceries, electronics, clothing and dress material within a store.
3. They satisfy diverse market segments with a wide variety of goods and services. Everything from ‘a pin to an elephant is the spirit behind a typical department store.
4. May provide all facilities such as restaurant, rest rooms, etc. in order to provide maximum service to customers for whom price is of secondary importance.
5. Are generally located at a central place in the heart of a city which caters to a large number of customers.
6. Size of these stores is very large, hence, they are generally formed as a joint-stock company managed by a board of directors. There is a managing director assisted by a general manager and several department managers.

Section – C
[5 Marks each]

Question 9.
Explain the services offered by retailers to the consumers. [5]
OR
Explain any five sources of finance. [5]
Answer:
Services offered by retailers to their customers are:

1. The first and foremost service is the availability of goods produced by different manufacturers, which is provided by the retailers to its customers.
2. Some retailers provide credit facilities to their regular customers.
3. Many retailers provide after-sale services to its customers such as home delivery, supply of spare parts, etc.
4. Retailers generally keep a variety of products of different manufacturers, which enables the customers to buy the products as per their requirement and choice.
5. By arranging for effective display of products and through their personal selling efforts, retailers provide important information about the arrival, special features, etc. of new products to the customers.
6. Retail stores are situated very near to the residential areas and remain open for long hours which provides great convenience to the customers. (Any five)

OR

Sources of finance are:

1. Retained earnings: Retained earnings refer to the amount left with a company from its income after paying dividends to its customers.
2. Public deposits: These are the deposits invited by the companies from public to finance its working capital needs or medium-term fund requirements.
3. Debentures: Debentures are debt instruments used by companies and government to issue the loan. These are important instruments for raising long-term debt capital. A company can raise funds through issue of debentures, which bear a fixed rate of interest.
4. Issue of shares: The capital of a company is divided into small units called shares. Each share has a nominal value. The capital obtained by issue of shares is known as share capital.
5. Trade credit: Trade credit is the credit extended by one trader to another for the purchase of goods and services. Trade credit facilitates the purchase of supplies without immediate payment.
6. Bonds: Bonds are units of corporate secured non-convertible debt instruments issued by government or specialised financial institutions. (Any five)

Question 10.
Discuss any five advantages of chain/ multiple stores. [5]

Case/Source Based Question
Answer:

1. Economies of scale: As there is central procurement, multiple-shop organizations enjoy economies of scale
2. Elimination of middlemen: By selling directly to the consumers, multiple-shop organizations are able to eliminate unnecessary middlemen in the sale of goods and services
3. No bad debts: Since all the sales are made on cash basis, there are no losses on account of bad debts
4. Transfer of goods: Goods not in demand in a particular locality may be transferred to another locality where they are in demand reducing the chances of dead stock in these shops
5. Diffusion of risk: Losses incurred by one shop may be covered by profits in other shops reducing the total risk of an organization
6. Low cost: Because of centralised purchasing, elimination of middlemen, centralized promotion of sales and increased sales, multiple shops enjoy lower costs
7. Flexibility: If a shop is not operating at a profit, the management may decide to close it or shift it to some other place without really affecting the profitability of the organization as a whole (Any five)

Case/Source Based Question

Question 11.
Resham is engaged in business among various dealers within India. She coordinates with various manufacturers, retailers and customers. One of her friends, Ritu supplies her goods to various manufacturers in various other countries. One day, they met and talked about the differences in their trades. What differences would be there between domestic and international trade? [5]
Answer:

Domestic Trade	International Trade
It is conducted within the boundaries of a nation.	It is conducted outside the boundary of the nation.
It needs less capital to be invested.	It needs huge capital to be invested.
Profit is less in domestic trade.	Profit is huge in international trade.
It uses road, railway as mode of transport.	It uses sea and air routes for transportation.
Domestic trade can be conducted easily without much restrictions.	It is difficult to conduct this trade due to many legal restrictions.

Question 12.
‘Ratul Car Ltd.’ is a well-known company in the industry, which has more equity share capital than long term debt in its capital structure. They are planning to expand and establish a new site in the backward region and to hire the local people. It also has some amount as reserve of ₹2000 crore. In lieu of the above case, answer the questions below:

(i) What is the status of capital structure of the company? [1]
Answer:
The company’s financial structure is robust, with more equity share capital than the debt in its capital structure and a large cash reserve.

(ii) Which source of finance should be used by the company for establishing new units and why? [2]
Answer:
As the company has a large cash reserve, it should use retained earnings as a source of finance. When a company earns profits, a certain amount of those profits are kept in reserve for business’ future use and is known as retained earnings. The reasons to use retained earnings as a financing source are:

• No initial fees: These funds do not have any floatation costs or interest because these are raised internally.
• Increase in share price: A large quantity of retained earnings can cause the price of equity shares to rise.

(iii) What values does the company exhibit in the case above? [2]
Answer:
The values displayed by the company here are:

• Balanced regional development: The company is planning to expand the business to underprivileged sections of the society and contribute to the regional development.
• Women Empowerment: The company also intends to empower women by training them in skill development.

OR

‘Francis Ltd.’ a leading IT firm registered in India wants to hire resources from US for its growth and expansion. It also needs money for at least 2 years to meet its short-term needs. They are giving employment to underprivileged youth. They also generate 50% of their electricity through solar power.

Keeping in mind the above case, answer the following questions:

(i) Which two sources of finance should be used by the company to meet its requirement? Write characteristics of each source as well. [3]
Answer:
ADRs and Public Deposits can be used by ‘Francis Ltd/ to satisfy the company’s needs.

1. ADRs: These refer to American Depository Receipts and are issued by American companies to be traded in American Markets. It can only be issued to the citizens of America and can be traded in US stock exchanges.
2. Public Deposits: These are the deposits raised directly from the public by organizations. RBI regulates these deposits and companies generally solicit public contributions over a three-year term.

(ii) What values does the company exhibit in the above case? [2]
Answer:
The values demonstrated by the company are:

1. Environmental protection: The company uses solar power to generate 50% of its electricity, which conserves the resources.
2. Employment generation: The company is generating opportunities of employment by employing underprivileged young generation.

Students can access the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 English Education with Solutions and marking scheme Term 2 Set 5 will help students in understanding the difficulty level of the exam.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 English Term 2 Set 5 for Practice

Time : 2 Hours
Maximum Marks : 40

General Instructions :

• The Question Paper contains THREE sections-READING, WRITING & GRAMMAR and LITERATURE.
• Attempt questions based on specific instructions for each part.

Section A
Reading

Question 1.
Read the passage given below :

Mehmood, the kite-maker, had in the prime of his life been well known throughout the city. Some of his more elaborate kites once sold for as much as three or four rupees each.

At the request of the Nawab, he had once made a very special kind of kite, unlike any that had been seen in the district. It consisted of a series of small, very light paper disks trailing on a thin bamboo frame. To the end of each disk, he fixed a sprig of grass, forming a balance on both sides.

The surface of the foremost disk was slightly convex, and a fantastic face was painted on it, having two eyes made of small mirrors. The disks, decreasing in size from head to tail, assumed an undulatory form and gave the kite the appearance of a crawling serpent. It required a great skill to raise this cumbersome device from the ground, and only Mehmood could manage it.

Everyone had heard of the ‘Dragon Kite’ that Mehmood had built, and word went round that it possessed supernatural powers. A large crowd assembled in the open to watch its first public launching in the presence of the Nawab.

At the first attempt, it refused to leave the ground. The disks made a plaintive, protesting sound, and the sun was trapped in the little mirrors, making the kite a living, complaining creature. Then the wind came from the right direction, and the Dragon Kite soared into the sky, wriggling its way higher and higher, the sun still glinting in its devil-eyes.

And when it went very high, it pulled fiercely on the twine, and Mehmood’s young sons had to help him with the reel. Still the kite pulled, determined to be free, to break loose, to live a life of its own. And eventually it did so. The twine snapped, the kite leaped away towards the sun, sailing on heavenward until it was lost to view.

It was never found’again, and Mehmood wondered afterwards if he made too vivid, too living a thing of the great kite. He did not make another like it. Instead, he presented to the Nawab a musical kite, one that made a sound like a violin when it rose in the air.

Those were more leisurely, more spacious days. But the Nawab had died years ago, and his descendants were almost as poor as Mehmood himself. Kite-makers, like poets, once had their patrons, but no one knew Mehmood, simply because there were too many people in the Gali, and they could not be bothered with their neighbors.

When Mehmood was younger and fell sick, everyone in the neighborhood came to ask about his health, but now, when his days were drawing to a close, no one visited him. Most of his old friends were dead and his sons had grown up: one was working in a local garage and the other, who was in Pakistan at the time of the partition, had not been able to rejoin his relatives.

The children, who had bought kites from him ten years ago, were now grown men, struggling for a living; they did not have time for the old man and his memories. They had grown up in a swiftly changing and competitive world, and they looked at the old kite-maker and the banyan tree with the same indifference.

Both were taken for granted-permanent fixtures that were of no concern to the raucous, sweating mass of humanity that surrounded them. No longer did people gather under the banyan tree to discuss their problems and their plans; only in the summer months did a few seek shelter from the fierce sun.

Based on your understanding of the passage, answer ANY EIGHT questions from the nine given below. (1 x 8 = 8)

(i) Give one point of evidence that shows that Mehmood was a very good kite-maker

(ii) On whose request did Mehmood make the dragon kite?

(iii) What did the crowd believe the kite possessed?

(iv) The passage has drawn an analogy between two things. What are they?

(v) Rewrite the following sentence replacing the underlined words with a word or phrase from lines 20 to 30 in the passage.

Salman said that he needed a ball of strong string to tie the bundles.

(vi) What types of kite did Mehmood make?

(vii) Use a suitable word or phrase from lines 10-15 from the passage to complete this sentence.

The surface of the plains was not smooth; it was.

(viii)The author says, ‘Both were taken for granted Who or what is being spoken about in this sentence?

(ix) What happened to the dragon kite?

Question 2.
Read the following passage. (5)

(1) The tests of life are its plus factors. Overcoming illness and suffering molds character. Steel is iron plus fire, soil is rock plus heat. Sometimes the plus factor is more readily seen by the simple-hearted. Myers tells the story of a mother who brought into her home – as a companion to her own son- a little boy with a hunch back.

She had warned her son to be careful, not to refer to his disability. The boys were playing and after a few minutes, she overheard her son say to his companion “Do you know what you have got on your back?” The little boy was embarrassed, but before he could reply, his playmate continued, “It is the box in which your wings are, and some day God is going to cut it open and then you will fly away and be an angel.”

(2) Often it takes a third eye or a change in focus, to see the plus factor. Walking along the corridors of a hospital recently, where patients were struggling with fear of pain and tests, I was perturbed. What gave me a fresh perspective were the sayings put up everywhere, intended to uplift. One saying made me conscious of the beauty of the universe in the midst of pain, suffering and struggle. The other saying assured me that God was with me when I was in deep water and that no troubles would overwhelm me.

(3) The importance of those sayings also made me aware of the nethar springs that flow into people’s lives when they touch rock bottom or are lonely or guilt-ridden. The nethar springs make recovery possible, and they bring peace and patience in the midst of negative forces.

(4) The forces of death and destruction are more psychological than physical. When malice, hatred and hard-heartedness prevail, they get channelled as forces of destruction. Where openness, peace and good-heartedness prevail, the forces of life gush forth to regenerate hope and joy.

The life force is triumphant when love overcomes fear. Both fear and love are deep mysteries, but the effect of love is to build, whereas fear tends to destroy. Love is generally the plus factor that helps build character. It creates bonds and its reach is infinite.

(A) On the basis of your reading of the above passage, make note on it using headings and sub-headings. Use recognisable abbreviations (wherever necessary-minimum 4) and a format you consider suitable. Also supply an appropriate title to it. (3)

(B) Write a summary of the above passage in about 50 words. (2)

Section B
Writing and Grammar (12 Marks)

Question 3.
Design a poster for your School Fete. You may use slogans. Do not exceed 50 words. (3)

Question 4.
Attempt ANY ONE from (A) and (B) given below.

(A) Vishal/Veena, a student of class XI of 10 Green Park, New Delhi is interested in learning languages. He/ she sees an advertisement in the ‘Times of India’ issued by “The Institute of Foreign languages”, New Delhi about the certificate course in Japanese offered by them. He/she decides to write a letter to the Director of the Institute seeking more information about the course duration, working hours, fee structure, etc. Write the letter. (Word-Limit 120-150 words.) (5)

(B) A number of your classmates (especially those from science and commerce streams) bunk their classes in order to attend coaching classes. Write a debate in 150-200 words on ‘Tuition at coaching centres is not essential. (5)

Question 5.
Do as directed. (1 x 4 = 4)
(i) the class/at once/ordered/you/are/to leave (Rearrange the given words to make meaningful sentence.)

(ii) One man’s meat is another man’s poison. (Identify a determiner in the sentence.)

(iii) _______________ girls have not come for sports practice. (Fill a suitable determiner in the blank.)

(iv) _______________ your homework? (Fill in the blank with the correct tense form.)

Section C
Literature (15 Marks)

Question 6.
Answer the following questions within 30-40 words each.
(i) Give the central idea of the poem, The Voice of the Rain.
(ii) Why do people willingly undergo the trials of difficult journeys?
(iii) What happens when it rains after a long hot spell?

Question 7.
Answer the following questions within 70-80 words each. (3 x 3 = 9)

(i) Compare and contrast Andrew’s emotional, mental and physical state at the beginning of the story and at the end.
OR
What is the reaction of Doris and Cyril to the unusual behavior of their mother?

(ii) Why did the Headmaster summon Albert? What was the outcome?

(iii) Write a brief character sketch of Frank Hunter.

Students can access the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 Applied Mathematics with Solutions and marking scheme Term 2 Set 3 will help students in understanding the difficulty level of the exam.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 Applied Mathematics Term 2 Set 3 for Practice

Time : 2 Hours
Maximum Marks : 40

General Instructions:

• The question paper is divided into 3 sections -A, B and C.
• Section A comprises of 6 questions of 2 marks each. Internal choice has been provided in two questions.
• Section B comprises of 4 questions of 3 marks each. Internal choice has been provided in one question.
• Section C comprises of 4 questions. It contains one case study-based question. Internal choice has been provided in one question.

Section – A [2 Marks each]

Question 1.

Question 2.
Define direct and indirect taxes.

Question 3.
₹ 5,000 is invested in a Term Deposit Scheme that fetches interest 6% per annum compounded quarterly. What will be interest after one year ? What is effective rate of interest ? [(1.015)⁴ = 1.0613]
OR
Sachin deposited ₹ 1,00,000 in his bank for 2 years at simple rate of 6%. How much interest would he earn ? How much would be the final value of deposit ?

Question 4.
Reporting time of an employee is given below:

If the reporting time is 10 : 30 a.m., then find the probability of his coming late.

Question 5.
Find the equation of the line passing through (1, 2) and parallel to the line y = 3x – 1.

Question 6.
Determine n, if ²ⁿC₃: ^{nC₃ = 12 : 1.}

Section – B [3 Marks each]

Question 7.
A girl throws a die. If she gets a 5 or 6, she tosses a coin three times and notes the number of heads. If she gets 1,2,3 or 4, she tosses a coin two times and notes the number of heads obtained. If she obtained exactly two heads, what is the probability that she threw 1,2, 3 or 4 with the die ?

Question 8.
Find the equation of the circle which passes through (1, -2) and (4, – 3) and whose centre lies on the line 3x + 4y =

Question 7.
OR
Find the equation of circle which passes through the points (0, 2), (3, 0) and (3, 2). Find also the centre and radius of this circle.

Question 9.
A bag contains 8 red and 5 white balls. Two successive draws of all 3 balls are made at random from the bag without replacements. Find the probability that the first draw yields 3 white balls and second draw yields 3 red balls.

Question 10.
₹ 2 ,000 is invested at annual rate of interest of 10%. What is the amount after two years if compounding is done (a) annually (b) semi-annually (c) quarterly.

Section – C [4 marks each]

Question 11.
If all the word “MOTHER” are written in all possible orders and the word so formed are arranged in a dictionary order, then find the rank of word ‘MOTHER’ ?

Question 12.
Calculate the income tax payable by following individuals for the assessment year 2020-21: [U]

OR
Compute the tax liability of Mr. A (aged 42), having total income of ₹ 1,01,00,000 for AY 2020-21.

Question 13.
Find the derivative of x³ – 27 by the first principle method.

Question 14.
Read the following text and answer the following questions on the basis of the same:
At a point of time, people need only some currency for their day- to-day needs. For instance, workers who receive their salaries at the end of each month have extra cash at the beginning of the month.
What do people do with this extra cash? They deposit it with the banks by opening a bank account in their name. Banks accept the deposits and also pay an amount as interest on the deposits. In this way people’s money is safe with the banks and it earns an amount as interest.

Roshan invested ₹ 50,000 in bank at the rate of 10% per annum compounded annually.
On the basis of information given above, answer the following questions:
(a) What will be the interest for the first year and interest for the second year? (2)
(b) What is the difference between the simple interest and compound interest for the first year and for the first two years? (2)

Students can access the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 English Education with Solutions and marking scheme Term 2 Set 4 will help students in understanding the difficulty level of the exam.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 English Term 2 Set 4 for Practice

Time : 2 Hours
Maximum Marks : 40

General Instructions :

• The Question Paper contains THREE sections-READING, WRITING & GRAMMAR and LITERATURE.
• Attempt questions based on specific instructions for each part.

Section A
Reading (13 Marks)

Question 1.
Read the passage given below :

Computers are capable of doing extremely complicated work in all branches of learning. They can solve the most complex mathematical problems or put thousands of unrelated data in order. These machines can be put to varied uses. For instance, they can provide information on the best way to prevent traffic accidents. They work accurately and at high speed.

They save research workers’ years of hard work. This whole process, by which machines can be used to work for us, has been called ‘automation’. In future, automation may enable human beings to enjoy more leisure than they do today. The coming of automation is bound to have important social consequences.

Some years ago, an expert on automation, Sir Leon Bagrit pointed out that it was a mistake to believe that these machines could think. There is no possibility that human beings will be controlled by machines. Though computers are capable of learning from their mistakes and improving on their performances, they need detailed instructions from human beings to be able to operate. They can never lead independent lives or rule the world by taking decisions of their own.

Sir Leon said that in future, computers would be developed which would be small enough to be carried in one’s pocket. Ordinary people would then be able to use them to obtain valuable information. Computers could be plugged into a wireless network and can be used like radios.

For instance, people going on holiday, could be informed about weather conditions. Car drivers can be given an alternative route, when there is a traffic jam. It will also be possible to make tiny translating machines. This will enable people, who do not share a common language, to talk to each other without any difficulty or to read foreign publications.

It is impossible to assess the importance of a machine of this sort, for many international misunderstandings are caused simply due to our failure to understand each other. Computers will also be used in ordinary public hospitals. By providing a machine with a patient’s system, a doctor will be able to diagnose the nature of his illness.

Similarly, machines could be used to keep a check on a patient’s health record and bring it up-to-date. Doctors will, therefore, have immediate access to many facts which will help them in their work. Book-keepers and accountants too could be relieved of dull clerical work, for the tedious task of compiling, and checking lists or figures, could be done entirely by machines. Computers are the most efficient servant, man has ever had and there is no limit to the way they can be used to improve our lives.

Based on your understanding of the passage, answer ANY EIGHT questions from the nine given below. (1 x 8 = 8)

(i) Give one point of argument that shows that computers cannot control human beings.

(ii) Why does the passage say that computers are the most efficient servant that man has ever had?

(iii) Who was Sir Leon Bagrit?

(iv) What is automation?

(v) Rewrite the following sentence replacing the underlined word with a word or phrase from lines 10 to 15 in the passage.

Your carelessness can lead to bad results.

(vi) How are computers helpful for the book-keepers and the accountants?

(vii) Use a suitable word or phrase from lines 35-40 from the passage to complete this sentence.

The procedure of filling the form and taking admission in the college is.

(viii) How can many international misunderstandings be averted?

(ix) Give any one use of computers for doctors while treating their patients.

Question 2.
Read the following passage. (5)
(1) In life, you’ll always come across situations where there will be someone else who’s better than you, someone who looks better, has more money or is more intelligent than you. How you choose to approach these situations depends on the perspective you take. Rather than judging people on a single attribute and getting intimidated, be comfortable with who you are and approach other people as complete individuals rather than a bundle of good or bad attributes.

(2) The key to not letting others intimidate you is to know your own worth. Don’t let your sense of worth be defined by what others think of you or how you compare yourself with them. Know what you are, and be comfortable in your skin. Instead of feeling threatened and letting your ego in the way, you could benefit a great deal by being around people who might be better than you in some ways. Respect others for what they are and use these opportunities to learn from the strengths and virtues of others.

(3) Don’t get bogged down by what you don’t have or can’t do. We all have limitations. Learn to accept them and focus on your strengths. A lot of times, we come under pressure due to a bid to fit in with more popular or more influential people. However, at times like these, it’s important for you to stay true to yourself and say ‘no’ when you’re expected to do something that makes you uncomfortable.

(A) On the basis of your reading of the above passage, make note on it using headings and subheadings. Use recognisable abbreviations (wherever necessary-minimum 4) and a format you consider suitable. Also supply an appropriate title to it. (3)

(B) Write a summary of the above passage in about 50 words. (2)

Section B
Writing and Grammar (12 Marks)

Question 3.
As the manager of ‘Excellent Coaching Centre’ run by you, prepare a poster calling attention of the students desirous of attending IIT, CPMT courses to join your coaching centre. (3)

Question 4.
Attempt ANY ONE from (A) and (B) given below.

(A) Write a letter to your Principal, requesting him to issue a character certificate and a certificate to certify that you are a regular student of the school. Also write why you need it. (5)

(B) “A career counsellor (not you, yourself) is the best person to guide you in the choice of a career.” Write a debate in 150 words either for or against the motion.

Question 5.
A. Fill in the blanks to complete the following sentences. (1 x 4 = 4)
(i) My new car consumes too petrol.

(ii) By the time I left England, we in Bristol for five years.

(iii) What next week?

B. Rearrange the given words to form a meaningful sentence, this/letter/has/been/your/grandfather/by/written

Section C
Literature (15 Marks)

Question 6.
Answer the following questions within 30-40 words each. (2 x 3 = 6)

(i) Why is the rain compared to music?

(ii) What do you learn about the system of education in old, British schools from the play, “The Browning Version”?

(iii) Bring out the hypocrisy that the adults exhibit with regard to love.

Question 7.
Answer the following questions within 70-80 words each. (3 x 3 = 9)

(i) The play ‘Mother’s Day’ is a humorous and satirical depiction of the status of the woman in a family. Bring out briefly the elements of humour and satire.
OR
Describe the thoughts and feelings of Andrew Manson as he sat dozing by the kitchen fire?

(ii) Why was Albert quite nervous when he met the doctor? What did this nervousness indicate about his nature?

(iii) Meeting Norbu came as an immense relief to the narrator. Why?