Category: CBSE Class 6

On this page, you will find Electricity and Circuits Class 6 Notes Science Chapter 12 Pdf free download. CBSE NCERT Class 6 Science Notes Chapter 12 Electricity and Circuits will seemingly help them to revise the important concepts in less time.

CBSE Class 6 Science Chapter 12 Notes Electricity and Circuits

Electricity and Circuits Class 6 Notes Understanding the Lesson

1. Electricity is a form of energy. It has made our life comfortable and luxurious.

2. Electricity is useful in many ways such as lighting, heating, running various domestic appliances like electric fans, coolers, air conditioners, washing machines, computers, etc.

3. An electric cell is a device which produces a small amount of electricity. It has two terminals, one is positive (+ve) while the other is negative (-ve). It is the most common source of electricity used in various appliances such as radio, torch, remote, etc.

4. An electric cells is of two types:

• Primary cell and
• Secondary cell.

5. Primary cell: A cell which stops producing electricity when the chemicals are used up completely. It is ‘ used in a torch, clock, toy, etc.

6. Secondary cell: A cell that can be recharged using electricity. Once the chemicals inside such cells are used up, they are recharged and they start producing electricity. It is used in mobile phone, car batteries, laptops, etc.

7. An electric bulb is a device that runs on electricity. It glows when | electric current passes through it. It has a filament that is connected to its terminals.

8. The thin wire in the bulb which emits light is called filament of the bulb. It is made up of tungsten metal. It has high resistance for current and has high melting point. It does not get oxidised even at very high temperature.

9. The combination of two or more than two cells is called battery.

10. An electric switch is a simple ‘on’ and ‘off device that allows or stops the flow of current, without disturbing its connections.

11. The path along which the electric current flows is called a circuit. It is the complete path, from one terminal of the cell (say positive) through the bulb and back to the other terminal (say negative). The circuit must be complete for an electric current to flow.

12. A circuit where connections are not intact is an incomplete circuit or open circuit whereas a circuit with all connections intact is a complete circuit or closed circuit.

13. The bulb with a broken filament is called a fused bulb. Such a bulb cannot give light.

14. The materials which allow the electric current to pass through them are called Most of the metals are conductors like gold, silver, copper, etc. Beside metals, moist air, salt solution, impure water are also conductors of electricity. Our body is also a good conductor of electricity.

15. The materials which do not allow electric current to flow through them are called insulators; e.g., mica, dry air, pure water, ebonite, glass, wood, etc.

16. There is a device called conduction tester to test whether the given material is a conductor or insulator.

Class 6 Science Chapter 12 Notes Important Terms

Electricity: It is a form of energy which is carried through wires and is used to operate various machines.

Electric cell: It is a source of electricity used in most of the appliances of our daily use such as radio, remote, audio system, etc.

Battery: A combination of two or more electric cells is called battery.

Electric bulb: An electric bulb is one of the simplest electrical device that runs on electricity. It gives us light only when the filament inside it gets heated to a high temperature.

Filament: The thin metal wire of tungsten inside a bulb, which glows when an electric current is passed through it, due to heating effect.

Electric switch: An electric switch is a simple device which can allow or stop the flow of current.

Electric circuit: The complete closed path from one terminal of the electric cell through the bulb and back to the other terminal of the cell is known as electric circuit.

Conductors: The materials through which the electric current can pass are called conductors.

Insulators: The materials through which the electric current cannot pass are called insulators.

Terminals: The connecting points of an electric device are called terminals. One endpointis called as positive (+ve) terminal and the other one as negative (-ve) terminal.

On this page, you will find Light Shadows and Reflection Class 6 Notes Science Chapter 11 Pdf free download. CBSE NCERT Class 6 Science Notes Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflection will seemingly help them to revise the important concepts in less time.

CBSE Class 6 Science Chapter 11 Notes Light Shadows and Reflection

Light Shadows and Reflection Class 6 Notes Understanding the Lesson

1. Light is a form of energy. It enables us to see.

2. Light may be defined as an external physical cause that affects our eyes to produce the sensation of vision.

3. Light itself is not visible but in the presence of light other objects become visible.

4. There are some objects which have light of their own, g., torch, sun, etc. They are called luminous objects.

5. Objects which do not have light of their own are called non-luminous objects, g., chair, table, blackboard, etc. Such objects are visible only when light falls on it.

6. On the basis of passing of light through the objects, they are classified into three groups:

• Transparent,
• Translucent, and
• Opaque.

7. Objects which allow the light to pass through them are called transparent We can see clearly through them, e.g., clean air, clean glass, clean water, cellophane paper, etc.

8. Objects which allow only a small amount of light to pass through them are called translucent We cannot see very clearly through them, e.g., wax paper, greased paper, butter paper, frosted glass, etc.

9. The objects which do not allow light to pass through them are called opaque We cannot see through them at all e.g., clay, wood, metal, stone, etc.

10. A shadow may be defined as the dark area caused by an opaque object when it prevents light from passing to the other side. It is only a dark region having no colour.

11. A shadow is formed only when light rays are blocked by an opaque object.

12. The shape of a shadow depends upon the shape of the object.

13. The size of the shadow depends upon the distance between that source of light and the opaque object. If the distance between the source of light and an opaque object is more, the size of the shadow decreases and vice-versa (Fig. 11.1).

14. The shadow of an object is cast on the opposite side of the source of light.

15. The formation of shadow of one celestial body on the other is known as

16. When the moon comes in between the sun and the earth, the shadow of the moon falls on the earth. This phenomenon is known as solar eclipse.

17. When the earth comes in between the sun and the moon, the shadow of the earth falls on the moon. This is known as lunar eclipse.

18. A pinhole camera is a device which forms a photograph-like image of a bright object on a screen. It works on the principle that light travels in a straight line.

19. A pinhole camera can be made with simple materials and can be used to obtain the image of the sun and brightly lit objects.

20. Images formed by a pinhole camera are upside down. They are bright, real and inverted images.

21. There is an interesting pinhole camera in nature called a natural pinhole camera. When the sun rays falls on a tree, there are patches of sunlight of round shape seen on the ground. These circular shapes are, in fact, pinhole images of the sun. The gaps between the leaves, act as the pinholes.

22. Light always travels in a straight line. This is called rectilin­ear propagation of light.

23. The glass sheet which has a polished surface and the other surface remains shiny, smooth and reflective is called a mirror.

24. When a ray of light falls on a smooth polished surface of a mirror, it return back in the same medium. This phenomenon is called reflection of light. The ray of light that falls on a plane mirror is called incident ray and that returns back after reflection is called reflected ray. (Fig. 11.2).

25. The image formed by a plane mirror is exactly of same size and colour as that of the object. It is erect and laterally inverted.

Class 6 Science Chapter 11 Notes Important Terms

Luminous objects: Objects that give out or emit light of their own are called luminous objects, e. g., sun, torch, bulb, etc.

Non-luminous objects: Objects that do not have light of their own are called non-luminous objects. They are visible only when light falls on them, e.g., chair, book, blackboard, etc.

Transparent objects: The objects which allow the light to pass through them are called transparent objects, e.g., water, air, glass, etc.

Translucent objects: The objects through which light can pass partially and through which we cannot see anything clearly are called translucent objects, g., greased paper, butter paper, thin paper, oily paper, frosted glass, etc.

Opaque objects: The substances which do not allow the light to completely pass through them are called opaque objects; g., cement sheet, wall, book, etc.

Shadow: The dark patches formed on the other side of opaque objects, opposite to the light source, are called shadow of the objects.

Pinhole camera: It is a device which forms a photograph-like image of a bright object on a screen is called pinhole camera. It is based on the principle that light always travels in a straight line.

Rectilinear propagation of light: Light always travels in a straight line. This property of light is known as rectilinear propagation of light.

Mirror: A glass sheet having a polished surface at one side and a shiny, smooth and reflective surface on the other side is called mirror.

Reflection: The phenomenon due to which light bounces off or returns back from a highly polished surface is called reflection of light.

Reflected ray: The ray of light that bounces off or returns back after suffering reflection from a mirror is called reflected ray.

Incident ray: The ray of light that falls on a plane mirror is called incident ray.

Eclipse: The formation of shadow of one celestial body on another in space is called eclipse.

On this page, you will find Food Where Does it Come From Class 6 Notes Science Chapter 1 Pdf free download. CBSE NCERT Class 6 Science Notes Chapter 1 Food Where Does it Come From will seemingly help them to revise the important concepts in less time.

CBSE Class 6 Science Chapter 1 Notes Food Where Does it Come From

Food Where Does it Come From Class 6 Notes Understanding the Lesson

1. Anything which we eat to live is called food.

2. Food is a substance that we eat to grow, to get energy to work and to re-0main healthy.

3. Living things cannot survive without food.

4. Food provides materials for repair of damaged cells and to replace dead cells in the body.

5. Food enables us to fight against infections.

6. Different people eat different types of food according to their habits, lifestyle, taste and the availability of food items.

7. The food habits of different states are different.

8. The materials or substances which are used to make that particular dish are called ingredients.

9. No matter which state one belongs to, we will find that the ingredients used are more or less the same.

10. Various food items which we eat daily are usually made up of more than one ingredients.

11. The main sources of our food are: Plants and Animals.

12. Plants are the source of food materials like cereals, pulses, vegetables, fruits, sugar, oils, spices, tea, coffee, etc.

13. Animals provide us food items like milk, egg, chicken, meat, honey, fish, etc.

14. The various parts of plants which are used as food materials are roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, etc.

15. Carrot, sweet potato, beetroot, radish, turnip, etc., are the roots of their respective plants.

16. Garlic, turmeric, onion, potato, ginger, etc., are the stems of their respective plants.

17. Some flowers which are eaten as food are sunflower, broccoli, cauliflower, dandelion, etc.

18. Apple, pumpkin, brinjal, lady’s finger are fruits of their respective plants.

19. Foodgrains such as wheat, rice, maize, barley, millet, gram, peas and pulses are all seeds of their respective plants.

20. Animal products such as meat, egg, fish, milk, cheese, butter, curd, honey, etc., are eaten as food. These foods are rich in proteins.

21. Animals eat only a few types of food.

22. Some animals eat only plants and are known as herbivores, some eat flesh of other animals and are known as carnivores whereas some eat both plants as well as animals and are known as omnivores.

23. There are many people in our country who do not get sufficient food to eat.

24. Food is very precious, We should not waste food in any form.

Class 6 Science Chapter 1 Notes Important Terms

Food: Any substance that can be metabolized by living things to give energy, to build tissue and which provides mental stimulus for thinking is called food.

Ingredients: The materials or components which are used to prepare food are called ingredients.

Edible: Those parts of a plant which are suitable for consumption and harmless to humans are called edible.

Sprouts: Any new growth of a plant or a seed such as a white coloured tiny roots, a new branch or a bud is called sprouts.

Nectar: A sweet liquid secretion found in flowers that is attractive to pollinators is called nectar.

Herbivorous: Animals that feed chiefly on plant and plant products are called herbivorous.

Carnivorous: Animals which eat only the flesh of other animals as their food are called carnivorous.

Omnivorous: Animals which eat both plants, as well as animals, are called omnivorous.

On this page, you will find Motion and Measurement of Distances Class 6 Notes Science Chapter 10 Pdf free download. CBSE NCERT Class 6 Science Notes Chapter 10 Motion and Measurement of Distances will seemingly help them to revise the important concepts in less time.

CBSE Class 6 Science Chapter 10 Notes Motion and Measurement of Distances

Motion and Measurement of Distances Class 6 Notes Understanding the Lesson

1. In prehistoric times, the humans did not have means of transport. They moved around on foot.

2. Invention of wheels made a great change in modes of transport.

3. Animals were used to pull vehicles that moved on wheels.

4. Until the beginning of the 19th century, people still depended on animal power to transport them from place to place.

5. The invention of steam engine introduced a new source of power.

6. In our day to day life, measurement of distance or length is a very common activity.

7. Measurement involves comparison of an unknown quantity with some known fixed quantity of the same kind. This known fixed quantity is called a

8. Each measurement consists of a number describing the numerical value of the measure and the unit in which the quantity is measured.

9. While measuring things, accuracy is needed. A variety of units can be used for this purpose.

10. A unit of measurement which has fixed value and which does not change from person to person or place to place, is called standard unit of measurement.

11. To make accurate measurement, we need a proper measuring device.

12. Some commonly used length-measuring devices are:

(a) Ruler or metre scale
(b) Measuring tape

13. While measuring length using a metre scale or a ruler, we must follow carefully the steps given below:

(a) The ruler should be kept along the length of the object so that the zero mark on the ruler coincides with the one end of the object as shown in figure.
(b) While taking the measurement, the eyes should be correctly positioned.

(c) If the edge of the ruler is worn out or broken, the measurement should be taken from any other full mark of the ruler.

14. For measuring a curved line, a string and a ruler is used.

15. The string is placed along a curved line and its ends are marked on the string.

16. The length of the string between the marked point is measured using a ruler.

17. When we look around, we find that some objects are at rest and some are moving or in motion.

18. The motion of all the objects are not of the same type.

19. Some of the important types of motion are:

• Rectilinear motion
• Circular motion
• Periodic motion

20. Some objects may have more than one type of motion at the same time.

Class 6 Science Chapter 10 Notes Important Terms

Circular motion: When a body moves in a circular path, its motion is known as circular motion.

Distance: Measurement of gap between two points in certain units is called distance.

Measurement: The comparison of some unknown quantity with a fixed known quantity of the same kind is called measurement.

Motion: The state of objects in which they are moving, e., they are changing their place with time is called motion.

Periodic motion: The motion which repeats itself after regular intervals of time, is called periodic motion.

Rectilinear motion: When a body moves along a straight-line path, it is called rectilinear motion.

SI units: A unit of measurement which has fixed value and it does not change from person to person or place to place is called SI units.

Units of measurement: The fixed quantity with the help of which comparison of some unknown quantity is done is called units of measurement.

On this page, you will find Body Movements Class 6 Notes Science Chapter 8 Pdf free download. CBSE NCERT Class 6 Science Notes Chapter 8 Body Movements will seemingly help them to revise the important concepts in less time.

CBSE Class 6 Science Chapter 8 Notes Body Movements

Body Movements Class 6 Notes Understanding the Lesson

1. Bones and cartilages form the skeleton of our body. It gives the outer shape to our body and helps in movement. It also protects the inner organs.

2. Human beings and other animals show two types of body movements.

3. The movements of the body parts (g., mouth, head, backbone, etc.)

4. The movement of the whole body from one place to another (locomotion).

5. In human beings, the skeleton is inside the body, so it is called ‘endoskeleton’.

6. The X-ray images show the shape and number of bones in the various parts of our body.

7. There are 206 bones in human skeleton.

8. Cartilage is a firm but flexible material found at some places in the skeleton.

9. The place where two or more bones meet the skeleton is called a joint.

10. In the freely movable joints like elbow, shoulder, knee and hip joints, the ends of the bones joining the joint are held in place by a strong connective tissue which is called ‘ligament’.

11. The main types of joints in the human body are:

• Hinge joint
• Ball and socket joint
• Pivot joint
• Fixed joint

12. A hinge joint is a joint which allows movement in only one direction, e., forward -and backward, e.g., knee and elbow joints.

13. In the ball and socket joint, one end of the bone has a round shape like a ball which fits into a socket (hollow space) of the other bone. Such a joint allows movement in all directions, g., shoulder joint.

14. In a pivot joint, a cylindrical bone twines in a ring.

15. In some joints, the bones are held so tightly together that they cannot move at all. Such joints are called fixed joints.

16. Muscles are attached to the bones of our skeleton through strong fibres called

17. The bones are moved by alternate contractions and relaxations of two sets of muscles.

18. The human skeleton consists of skull, backbone, ribs, breastbones, shoulder bones, hip bones, arm bones and leg bones.

19. Ribs are attached to the upper part of the backbone forming a rib cage. There is a breastbone called ster­num in front of rib cage.

20. The shoulder bone consists of two bones – the collar bone and the shoulder blade.

21. The scientific name of collar bone is clavicle and that of shoulder bone is

22. The upper arm consists of a single bone called humerus.

23. The lower arm is from the elbow to the wrist. The lower arm is made up of two bones radius and

24. The upper leg consists of a single bone called

25. The lower leg consists of two bones tibia and fibula

26. There is a knee cap on the knee which is called

27. The bony part of our head is called The skull is made of 22 bony plates joined together.

28. The brain is made up of soft tissues which could be easily damaged without a hard covering.

29. The eyes are contained in two large cavities called ‘eye socket’ in front of the skull.

30. The scientific name of backbone is vertebral column.

31. The small bones which make up the backbone are called vertebra.

32. The chest bones are called ribs. There are 12 pairs of ribs in the chest of our body.

33. Heart, lungs and the liver lie inside the bony ribcage.

34. The hip bone form a large, basin-shaped frame at the lower end of the backbone, to which the legs are attached.

35. The hips bone has two sockets one each on the two sides of its lower part.

36. Our hand is made up of three parts – the wrist, the palm and the fingers.

37. The wrist consists of 8 small bones known as

38. The palm of the hand is composed of 5 longer bones called

39. The fingers are made up of jointed bones called phalanges.

40. Cockroaches and birds are the animals which have legs to walk, on the ground and wings to fly in the air.

41. The body of a cockroach is covered with hard and tough outer covering called ‘exoskeleton’.

42. A cockroach has six legs (three legs on each side of its body).

43. A cockroach has two pairs of wings attached to its breast by flight muscles.

44. Birds walk on the ground and also fly in the air.

45. Birds can fly because of their strong muscles and light bones which work together.

46. The body of an earthworm is soft and segmented having no bone.

47. An earthworm moves by stretching out its body in the front, keeping the hind end fixed to the ground. Then it fixes the front end and releases the hind end. It then shortens the body and pulls the hind end forward.

48. The streamlined body shape of the fish enables it to move through water with least resistance.

Class 6 Science Chapter 8 Notes Important Terms

Ball and socket joint: A joint in which rounded end of one bone fits into the cavity of the other bone is called ball and socket joint.

Backbone: The backbone is a long hollow, rod-like structure running from the neck to the hips, inside our body. The scientific name of backbone is vertebral column.

Bristles: Hair like structures projecting out of the body of earthworms with which, it fixes itself with the ground.

Cartilage: It is the part of the skeleton that are not as hard as the bones but are tough and elastic.

Cavity: The bowl like part (hollow space) in the shoulder bone allows the rounded end of the arm bone to fit into it to form ball and socket joint.

Fixed joints: Some of the joints allow no movement. These are called fixed joints, e.g., joints in skull and upper jaw.

Gait of animals: The patterns of movement of limbs in animals during their locomotion over a solid surface is called gait of animals.

Hinge joint: Hinge joint is found in fingers, elbow and knee. It allows movement only in one direction. Muscle: Muscle is a soft tissue which is involved in the movement of bones.

Outer skeleton: Skeleton found outside the body is called outer skeleton, e.g., hair and nails in human. Pelvic bones: Bones in the hip region are called pelvic bones.

Pivotal joint: The joint where our neck joins the head is a pivotal joint.

Rib cage: Ribs join the chest bone and the backbone together to form a box. This is called rib cage.

Shoulder bones: The two bones of the shoulders, i.e., clavicle and scapula, are called shoulder bones.

Skeleton: The framework of the body i.e., made up of bones and cartilage is called skeleton.

Streamlined: The body shape where body tapers at both ends is called streamlined body, e.g., body of birds and fishes.

On this page, you will find Changes Around Us Class 6 Notes Science Chapter 6 Pdf free download. CBSE NCERT Class 6 Science Notes Chapter 6 Changes Around Us will seemingly help them to revise the important concepts in less time.

CBSE Class 6 Science Chapter 6 Notes Changes Around Us

Changes Around Us Class 6 Notes Understanding the Lesson

1. An alteration in the physical or chemical properties of a matter due to the effect of some kind of energy is called a change.

2. The changes may affect the size, colour, shape and state of a body.

3. Example:
(i) Folding of paper-change in shape
(ii) Melting of ice-change in state

4. Almost everything in the surrounding undergoes some changes.

5. Effect of force, effect of heat, effect of reaction are the factors which make a thing to undergo a change.

6. Heating may cause the expansion of certain materials.

7. Changes can be classified into two types:
(i) Physical and chemical changes.
(ii) Reversible and irreversible changes.

8. A change in which property of a substance is not changed is called a physical change.

9. If a substance loses its identity during a change and gets converted into new substance with a new property, it is called a chemical change.

10. A change which can be reversed to its original state after removing its cause is called reversible change.

11. A change which cannot be reversed back to its original state, is termed as irreversible change.

Class 6 Science Chapter 6 Notes Important Terms

Changes: An alteration in the physical or chemical properties of a matter due to the effect of some kind of energy is called a change.

Contraction: A process in which an object becomes smaller or shrinks is called contraction.

Evaporation: The process in which liquid changes into vapour is called evaporation.

Expansion: The process in which an object becomes bigger in size is called expansion.

Melting: The process by which solid melts into liquid on heating is called melting.

Extra Questions for Class 6 Maths: Here we are providing NCERT Extra Questions for Class 6 Maths with Solutions Answers Chapter Wise Pdf free download. Students can get Class 6 Maths NCERT Solutions, CBSE Class 6 Maths Important Extra Questions and Answers designed by subject expert teachers.

Students who are searching for Important Maths Questions for Class 6 CBSE with Answers Chapter Wise can check this article. Also, you can download all the questions along with solutions in PDF format. These helpful CBSE 6th Class Maths Questions and Answers are framed by the subjects experts based on NCERT CBSE Syllabus. However, this will assist you to brush up your Class 6 Maths academic skills and give your best in the annual exams.

CBSE Class 7 Maths Extra Questions with Answers Solutions

Practice more on CBSE Class 6 Maths Extra Questions & improve your strong foundation in mathematics for better results. Chapterwise Important Extra Practice Questions for Class 6 Maths based on NCERT syllabus is as follows:

1. Knowing Our Numbers Class 6 Extra Questions
2. Whole Numbers Class 6 Extra Questions
3. Playing With Numbers Class 6 Extra Questions
4. Basic Geometrical Ideas Class 6 Extra Questions
5. Understanding Elementary Shape Class 6 Extra Questions
6. Integers Class 6 Extra Questions
7. Fractions Class 6 Extra Questions
8. Decimals Class 6 Extra Questions
9. Data Handling Class 6 Extra Questions
10. Mensuration Class 6 Extra Questions
11. Algebra Class 6 Extra Questions
12. Ratio and Proportion Class 6 Extra Questions
13. Symmetry Class 6 Extra Questions
14. Practical Geometry Class 6 Extra Questions

We hope the given NCERT Extra Questions for Class 6 Maths with Solutions Answers Chapter Wise Pdf free download will help you. If you have any queries regarding CBSE Class 6 Maths Important Extra Questions and Answers, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.