Category: CBSE Class 6

NCERT Class 6 social science Notes Pdf free download provided gives you an overview of the respective chapter and prepared in a manner that every concept is covered as per the syllabus guidelines. NCERT Notes for Class 6 social science Geography, History and Civics Standard are very effective for students to have last minute quick revision. Download the required study material from the resources available here and score higher grades in your exams.

NCERT Class 6 Social Science Notes

NCERT Class 6 Geography Notes

Notes for Class 6 Social Science Geography: The Earth: Our Habitat

1. The Earth in the Solar System Class 6 Notes
2. Globe Latitudes and Longitudes Class 6 Notes
3. Motions of the Earth Class 6 Notes
4. Maps Class 6 Notes
5. Major Domains of the Earth Class 6 Notes
6. Major Landforms of the Earth Class 6 Notes
7. Our Country India Class 6 Notes
8. India Climate Vegetation and Wildlife Class 6 Notes

NCERT Class 6 History Notes

Notes for Class 6 Social Science History: Our Pasts – I

1. What, Where, How and When? Class 6 Notes
2. On The Trial of the Earliest People Class 6 Notes
3. From Gathering to Growing Food Class 6 Notes
4. In the Earliest Cities Class 6 Notes
5. What Books and Burials Tell Us Class 6 Notes
6. Kingdoms, Kings and an Early Republic Class 6 Notes
7. New Questions and Ideas Class 6 Notes
8. Ashoka, The Emperor Who Gave Up War Class 6 Notes
9. Vital Villages, Thriving Towns Class 6 Notes
10. Traders, Kings and Pilgrims Class 6 Notes
11. New Empires and Kingdoms Class 6 Notes
12. Buildings, Paintings, and Books Class 6 Notes

NCERT Class 6 Civics Notes

Notes for Class 6 Social Science Civics: Social and Political Life – I

1. Understanding Diversity Class 6 Notes
2. Diversity and Discrimination Class 6 Notes
3. What is Government Class 6 Notes
4. Key Elements of a Democratic Government Class 6 Notes
5. Panchayati raj Class 6 Notes
6. Rural Administration Class 6 Notes
7. Urban Administration Class 6 Notes
8. Rural Livelihoods Class 6 Notes
9. Urban Livelihoods Class 6 Notes

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On this page, you will find Water Class 6 Notes Science Chapter 14 Pdf free download. CBSE NCERT Class 6 Science Notes Chapter 14 Water will seemingly help them to revise the important concepts in less time.

CBSE Class 6 Science Chapter 14 Notes Water

Water Class 6 Notes Understanding the Lesson

1. Water is one of the elixir of life.

2. Nearly 70 per cent of Earth’s surface is covered with water but only 2.5 per cent of it is fresh.

3. We need water for drinking, cooking food, washing utensils, brushing teeth, watering plants, etc.

4. Flowing water is used for producing electricity in hydroelectric power plants.

5. The place from where we get water is called a source of water.

6. The water which we use is obtained from sources such as rivers, lakes, ponds, wells and springs.

7. The two main sources of water on land are glaciers/snow mountains and rain.

8. The largest sources of water on earth are oceans.

9. Water is considered as a renewable resource on the earth.

10. Being highly saline ocean water is not fit for drinking, other domestic purposes, agriculture or industrial uses.

11. The continuous circulation of water from earth’s surface to atmosphere, and from atmosphere back to earth is called water cycle in nature.

12. The process in which a liquid changes to its gaseous state in room temperature also is called evaporation.

13. The loss of water from plants as water vapour through the pores of their leaves is called transpiration.

14. When water vapours rises higher, it cools down, due to the lower temperature at higher altitudes, to form water droplets. This process is known as condensation. When these tiny droplets come together, form clouds.

15. The water which had escaped from the earth as vapour returns to the earth in form of

• rain
• snowfall
• hail.

16. Most of the water that falls on the earth in the form of rain flows down to the oceans. Some of it percolates down into the soil and is available to us as groundwater, well water, tube well water, etc.

17. Process in which water passes through different layers of solid is called infiltration.

18. When it rains heavily for a long time, we get excess rainfall resulting in too much water all around. This causes floods.

19. A prolonged period of no rains or very low rains, all around, cause shortage of water leading to drought.

20. It is very important that water should be used carefully. We should take care that water should not get wasted.

21. The various ways to conserve water or minimise the wastage of water at home are:

• Turn off the tap immediately after use.
• Take bath by filling water in a bucket.
• Do not use a full flush from the cistern in the toilet. Water harvesting is the activity of collection of rainwater directly by various means.

22. Harvested water can either be used immediately or it can be stored for later use.

23. The two techniques of rainwater harvesting are:

• Roof top rainwater harvesting.
• Open Tank/Drain water harvesting.

Class 6 Science Chapter 14 Notes Important Terms

Cloud: The mass of tiny droplets formed by the condensation of water vapour which we see floating high in the atmosphere is called cloud.

Condensation: The changing of water vapour into water on cooling is called condensation.

Drought: An extended period of dryness is called drought.

Evaporation: The process of conversion of water into water vapour is called evaporation.

Flood: An overflow of a large amount of water beyond its normal limits especially over what is normally dry land is called flood.

Groundwater: The water which percolates through the upper layer of the earth’s surface and gets collected on the solid rocks beneath is called groundwater.

Hail: The frozen water from the clouds which falls on the earth in the form of small, round pieces of ice is called hail.

Ocean: The biggest body of water surrounding the 70 per cent of earth’s surface is called ocean.

Rainwater harvesting: The activity of collecting rainwater directly and store it in big tanks for later use is called rainwater harvesting.

Snow: The frozen or solid form of water is called snow.

Water vapour: The gaseous form of the water is called water vapour.

Water cycle: The continuous circulation of water from the earth’s surface to atmosphere and from the atmosphere back to the earth is called water cycle.

On this page, you will find NCERT Class 6 Geography Chapter 5 Notes Pdf free download. CBSE Class 6 Social Science Notes Geography Chapter 5 SST Major Domains of the Earth will seemingly help them to revise the important concepts in less time.

Major Domains of the Earth Class 6 Notes Social Science Geography Chapter 5

CBSE Class 6 Geography Chapter 5 Notes Understanding The Lesson

1. The Earth is the only planet which has Life-sustaining elements are present on the Earth.

2. The surface of the Earth is a complex zone in which three main components – solid, gases and water of the environment meet, overlap and interact.

3. Solid portion is called Lithosphere. It comprises the rocks of the Earth’s crust and the thin layers of soil that contain nutrient elements which sustain organism.

4. There are two main divisions of the Earth’s surface, the large landmasses are known as the continents and the huge water bodies are called the ocean basins.

5. The gaseous layers that surround the Earth is called Atmosphere.

6. The area covered with water is called Hydrosphere.

7. A narrow zone where we find land, water and air together, which contains all forms of life, is called Biosphere.

8. There are seven major continents. These are separated by large water bodies.

9. Continents are-Asia, Europe, Africa, North America, South America, Australia and Antarctica.

10. Greater part of the land mass lies in the Northern Hemisphere.

11. Maitri and Dakshin Gangotri are the India’s research stations in Antarctica.

12. More than 71% of the Earth is covered with water and 29% with land.

13. Hydrosphere consists of water in all its forms as – running water, ice, underground water and water vapour in atmosphere, all comprise the hydrosphere.

14. More than 97% of the Earth’s water is found in the oceans and is too salty. A large proportion of the rest of the water is in the form of ice-sheets and glaciers or under the ground and a very small percentage is available as fresh water for human use.

15. Oceans are the major part of hydrosphere. They are all interconnected. The oceans water is always moving. The three chief movements of ocean waters are the waves, the tides and ocean currents.

16. The four major oceans are the Pacific Ocean, The Atlantic Ocean, The Indian Ocean and the Arctic Ocean.

17. The largest ocean is Pacific Ocean. It is spread over one-third of the Earth. The deepest part of the Earth, ‘Mariana Trench’ lies in the Pacific Ocean. This ocean is almost circular in shape.

18. The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest Ocean in the world. It is ‘S’ shaped. On the western side, it is flanked by the North and South Americas.

19. Indian Ocean is the only ocean named after a country, that is, India. The shape of oceans almost triangular.

20. The Arctic Ocean is located within the Arctic Circle and surrounds the North Pole.

21. The Earth is surrounded by a layer of gas called the atmosphere. The atmosphere extends up to a height of about 1,600 kms. The atmosphere is divided into five layers based on composition, temperature and other properties.

22. The layers starting from Earth’s surface are called-troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere and the exosphere.

23. The atmosphere is composed mainly of two gases-Nitrogen and Oxygen which make up 99% of clean, dry air. Nitrogen is 78%, Oxygen 21% and other gases like carbon dioxide, argon and others comprise 1% by volume.

24. Oxygen is the breath of life, nitrogen helps in the growth of living organisms, carbon dioxide absorbs heat radiated by the Earth and essential for the growth of plants.

Major Domains of the Earth Class 6 CBSE Notes Important Terms

Atmosphere: gaseous layers that surround the Earth.

Biosphere: It contains all forms of life.

Continents: large area of landmass.

Strait: A narrow passage of water connecting two large water bodies.

Isthmus: A narrow strip of land joining two landmasses.

Crust: Outer layer of the Earth.

On this page, you will find NCERT Class 6 Geography Chapter 4 Notes Pdf free download. CBSE Class 6 Social Science Notes Geography Chapter 4 SST Maps will seemingly help them to revise the important concepts in less time.

Maps Class 6 Notes Social Science Civics Chapter 4

CBSE Class 6 Geography Chapter 4 Notes Understanding The Lesson

1. A map is a representation or a drawing of the Earth’s surface or a part of it drawn on a flat surface according to a scale.

2. Maps are useful to us for various purposes.

3. When many maps are put together we get an Atlas.

4. Maps are different types such as Physical Maps, Political Maps, Thematic Maps.

5. There are three components of maps:

1. distance
2. direction and
3. symbol

6. A scale is needed to represent a large distance in a small distance on paper. Actually, scale is the ratio between the actual distance and the distance shown on the map.

7. When large areas like continents or countries are to be shown on a paper, then we use a small scale, it is called a small scale map. In the small scale map we used large 100 km of distance in some cm. or mm.

8. When a small area like village or town is to be shown on paper, then we use a large scale, it is called large scale map. In the large scale map, we use distance of metres in some cm. or mm.

9. Direction Maps are also very useful. These maps help us to find out a place. There are four major directions – North, South, East and West. They Eire called cardinal points.

10. Other four intermediate directions are – North-East(NE), South-East(SE), South-West (SW), and North­West (NW).

11. We can find out the direction of a place with the help of a compass. It is an instrument used to find out main directions. It is a magnetic needle which always points towards north-south direction.

12. Symbol is also an important component of map. Everything or object cannot be represented on the paper. For this purpose, symbols are used. Symbol contains letters, shades, colours, pictures, lines etc.

13. Maps have a universal language that can be understood by all. There is an international agreement regarding the use of these symbols. These are called conventional symbols.

14. Various colours are used for the same purpose. For example, blue is used for showing water bodies, brown for mountain, yellow for plateau and green for plains.

15. A sketch is a drawing mainly based on memory and spot observation and not according to scale.

16. A plan is a drawing of a small area on a large scale. A large scale map gives lot of information, which cannot be shown on a map.

Maps Class 6 CBSE Notes Important Terms

A map: Representation or a drawing of the Earth’s surface or a part of it drawn on a flat surface.

Physical maps: Maps showing natural features of the Earth or its parts.

Political maps: Maps showing cities, town or countries of the Earth or its parts.

Thematic maps: Maps showing specific information of the Earth or its parts.

Symbol: Represents various objects on the map.

Sketch: A rough drawing without scale.

Cardinal points: Four main points of the compass.

Compass: Instrument finding the direction.

Plan: Drawing of a small area on a large scale.

On this page, you will find NCERT Class 6 Geography Chapter 3 Notes Pdf free download. CBSE Class 6 Social Science Notes Geography Chapter 3 SST Motions of the Earth will seemingly help them to revise the important concepts in less time.

Motions of the Earth Class 6 Notes Social Science Geography Chapter 3

CBSE Class 6 Geography Chapter 3 Notes Understanding The Lesson

1. The Earth has two types of motions. These are Rotation and Revolution.

2. Rotation is the movement of the Earth on its axis. The Earth takes about 24 hours to complete one rotation around its axis.

3. Due to the rotation of axis, day and night are formed.

4. Axis makes an angle of 66 1/2 ° with its orbit plane.

5. Revolution is movement of the Earth around the Sun in a fixed path or orbit. It takes 365 1/4 days (one year) to revolve around the Sun.

6. These 6 hours saved every year and make 1 day in 4 years. This 1 day is added to the month of February. Thus, every fourth year, February is of 29 days instead of 28 days. Such a year with 366 days is called a leap year.

7. Due to the revolution movement seasons Eire changed.

8. The Earth receives light from the Sun. The Earth gets light only on half portion at a time due to its spherical shape.

9. places where Sun light falls, experiences day and where not experiences night.

10. The circle that divides the day from night on the globe is called the ‘circle of illumination’.

11. The period of rotation is known as the ‘Earth day¹. Earth day is the daily motion of the Earth.

12. The Earth moves around the Sun in an elliptical orbit during its revolution motion.

13. There are 4 seasons in a year – summer, winter, spring and autumn.

14. On 21 March and 23 September, whole Earth experienced equal day and night. This position is called ‘equinox’.

15. When the northern Hemisphere has the longest day and the shortest night is called Summer Solstice. It occurs on 21 June.

16. When the southern Hemisphere has the longest day and the shortest night is called Winter Solstice. It occurs on 22 December.

Motions of the Earth Class 6 CBSE Notes Important Terms

Rotation: Movement of the Earth on the axis.

Revolution: The movement of the Earth around the Sun in a fixed path.

Orbital place: Plane formed by the orbit.

Circle of illumination: The circle that divides the day from night on the globe is called the circle of illumination.

Daily motion: The rotation of the Earth on axis.

Leap year: The year in which February has 29 days.

Summer Solstice: Longest day and the shortest night in the northern hemisphere.

Winter Solstice: Longest day and the shortest night in the southern hemisphere.

Equinox: When the whole Earth experiences equal days and equal nights.

On this page, you will find Getting to Know Plants Class 6 Notes Science Chapter 7 Pdf free download. CBSE NCERT Class 6 Science Notes Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants will seemingly help them to revise the important concepts in less time.

CBSE Class 6 Science Chapter 7 Notes Getting to Know Plants

Getting to Know Plants Class 6 Notes Understanding the Lesson

1. Plants are living things, they grow in soil and remain fixed at a place with the help of roots.

2. Plant do not take food like animals but they make their own food by the process of photosynthesis.

3. Plants are of different shapes and sizes.

4. Most of the plants can be classified into three groups: herbs, shrubs and trees on the basis of certain characteristics.

5. Herbs are small plants having a soft and delicate stem. They have a very short life span. For example, tomato, grass, coriander, etc.

6. Shrubs are medium-sized plants with a hard and woody stem. They are bigger than herbs but smaller than trees.

7. The life span of shrubs is many years but it is less than that of trees. For example, tulsi, lemon, etc.

8. Trees are tall and big plants with a hard and thick woody stem called trunk. Branches in a tree appear higher upon the stem. For example, neem, mango, etc.

9. Shrubs and trees are both woody plants.

10. Climbers are plants having thin, long and weak stem which cannot stand upright but readily climbs up a neighbouring support. It has special organs called tendrils for climbing. For example, pea plant, bitter gourd, etc.

11. A plant having thin, long and weak stem which cannot stand upright and spreads on the ground is called a It grow along the ground or other surfaces by extending long shoots. For example, strawberry plant, money plant, etc.

12. Root is that part of plant which is below the ground (in the soil).

13. Roots are mainly of two types:

(i) Taproots
(ii) Fibrous roots

14. Taproot have a main root originated from the base of the stem. It has many smaller roots, called lateral roots, attached to the main root.

15. Fibrous root do not have any main root and all roots seem similar.

16. The stem is the part of the plant which rises vertically up from the ground. Stems of most of the plants are quite strong and can stand erect on their own.

17. The thick main stem of the tree is known as Most of the tree trunks are covered with a tough layer called ‘bark’.

18. The stem carries the prepared food from the leaves to other parts of the plants.

19. A leaf is thin, broad, flat and green part of a plant which is attached to the stem. It has tiny pores called stomata.

20. A leaf mainly consists of two parts-lamina and petiole.

21. The leaf contains a green coloured pigment called

22. Two kinds of venation is found on leaves:

(i) Reticulate venation
(ii) Parallel venation

23. Plants having leaves with reticulate venation have taproots while plants having leaves with parallel venation have fibrous roots.

24. are the most beautiful part of a plant. They vary in size, shape and colour.

25. The flower contains the reproductive organ.

26. Different parts of flower are pedicel, sepals, petals, stamens, carpel.

27. A fruit is that part of a plant that contains seeds. For example, apple, orange, etc.

Class 6 Science Chapter 6 Notes Important Terms

Climbers: A plant having thin, long and weak stem which cannot stand upright but, readily climbs up a neighbouring support (like a fence) or a tree is called a climber.

Conduct: To carry a substance from one place to other is called conduct.

Creeper: A plant having thin, long and weak stem which cannot stand upright and spreads on the ground is called a creeper.

Fibrous root: Some plants do not have a main root. They have a bunch of similar roots called fibrous roots.

Herbs: Herbs are small plants having a soft and delicate stem.

Lamina: The broad green part of the leaf is called lamina.

Lateral roots: Smaller roots which arise from main roots in the taproot system are called the lateral roots.

Midrib: The thick vein in the middle of the leaf is called the midrib.

Ovules: Small bead-like structures attached in the inner wall of the ovary are called ovules.

Parallel venation: In the leaves of grass, veins are parallel to one another. This is called parallel vena­tion.

Petals: Petals are variously coloured leaf-like structures present in the flowers.

Petiole: The part of leaf by which it is attached to the stem is called petioles.

Photosynthesis: A process by which green plants make their food from sunlight, carbon dioxide and water is called photosynthesis.

Pistil: The innermost, female reproductive part of a flower is called pistil.

Reticulate venation: When veins and veinlets form a net like design in both sides of midrib, the vena­tion is called reticulate venation.

Sepal: Sepal is the outer green part which protect the inner parts of flower when it is a bud.

Shrubs: Shrubs are medium-sized plants with a hard and woody stem branching out near the base.

Stamen: Stamen is the male reproductive part of a flower.

Taproot: The root system in which a single root arises from the base of the stem, with secondary and tertiary branches is called taproot system.

Transpiration: The loss of water in the form of vapours from the stomata in leaves is called transpira­tion.

Trees: Trees are tall and big plants with a hard and thick woody stem.

Veins: Threadlike structures in leaf are called veins.

On this page, you will find Separation of Substances Class 6 Notes Science Chapter 5 Pdf free download. CBSE NCERT Class 6 Science Notes Chapter 5 Separation of Substances will seemingly help them to revise the important concepts in less time.

CBSE Class 6 Science Chapter 5 Notes Separation of Substances

Separation of Substances Class 6 Notes Understanding the Lesson

1. A mixture is a substance that contains particles of two or more types of substances mixed together.

2. There are two types of mixtures: heterogeneous and homogeneous.

3. Mixture are needed to be separated

• to remove undesirable substances.
• to get desirable substances.
• to obtain highly pure substances.

4. We have so many methods to separate the components of mixture.

5. Methods of separation may be classified into following groups:

• Separation of solids from solids.
• Separation of insoluble solids from liquids.
• Separation of soluble solids from liquids.
• Separation of two immiscible liquids.

6. Handpicking is the method in which the constituents are separated by simply picking them by hand.

7. In handpicking, the solid undesirable components that are less in quantity are picked up and separated.

8. The process of separating grains from the stalks is called threshing. Farmers beat the bundles of stalks attached to the grains with a stick. Animals like bullocks are allowed to crush the stalks and then the grains are separated from stalks.

9. Separation of stalks from grains is also done by machines called threshers.

10. Winnowing is the method of separating the lighter components of a mixture from the heavier ones with the help of blowing air.

11. The mixture is made to fall from a height. Husk particles being light in weight are blown away by the wind.

12. Sieving is the process of separating the bigger particles from the smaller ones with the help of sieve.

13. We choose a sieve having holes larger than the size of the particles of one component and smaller than other.

14. The mixture is shaken on the sieve so that the particles smaller than the holes of the sieve pass through the holes and fall down and the particles larger than its holes remain on it.

15. When the heavier component in a mixture settles after water is added to it, the process is called sedimentation.

16. The Process of separating a liquid (top layer) from settled solid (sediment) without disturbing it is called decantation.

17. Filtration is the process of separating an insoluble solid from a liquid with the help of a filter paper or strainer.

18. We use filter paper or strainer for the process of filtration.

19. When a liquid is heated, it converts from liquid into vapour form. This is called evaporation.

20. Evaporation is a continuous process which takes place wherever water is present. This process is used to separate dissolved salt from water.

21. If during evaporation, heating is stopped just before the mixture completely dries up and we let it cool, crystals of the pure substance will be formed. This process is called crystallisation.

22. The process of conversion of water vapour into its liquid form is called condensation.

23. Condensation is reverse of evaporation.

24. A saturated solution is the solution which cannot dissolve any more solute in it at a given temperature.

25. The maximum amount of a solute that can be dissolved in a fixed amount of solvent at a particular temperature, is called solubility.

26. Sometimes, when more than two substances are mixed, one method of separation is not sufficient. We have to use more than one method.

27. Drinking water that reaches us also passes through many processes of purification.

Class 6 Science Chapter 5 Notes Important Terms

Churning: The process of agitation or stirring of a liquid to separate the lighter particles of a suspended solid from the liquid is called churning.

Condensation: The process of conversion of water vapour into its liquid form is called condensation.

Decantation: The process of separating a liquid (top layer) from a settled solid (sediment) without disturbing it is called decantation.

Evaporation: The process of removing water from a mixture either by heating on flame or direct sun­light is called evaporation.

Filtration: The process of separating an insoluble solid from a liquid with the help of a filter paper and funnel or strainer.

Handpicking: The method in which the constituents are separated by simply picking them up by hand, is called handpicking.

Saturated solution: A saturated solution is the solution which cannot dissolve any more solute in it at a given temperature.

Sedimentation: When the heavier component in a mixture settles after water is added to it, the process is called sedimentation.

Sieving: The process of separating the bigger particles from the smaller ones with the help of a sieve is called sieving.

Solution: A solution is a uniform mixture of two or more substances out of which any of its components cannot be identified separately.

Threshing: The process of separating grains from the stalks is called threshing.

Winnowing: The method of separating the lighter components of a mixture from the heavier ones with the help of blowing air is called winnowing.

On this page, you will find Sorting Materials Into Groups Class 6 Notes Science Chapter 4 Pdf free download. CBSE NCERT Class 6 Science Notes Chapter 4 Sorting Materials Into Groups will seemingly help them to revise the important concepts in less time.

CBSE Class 6 Science Chapter 4 Notes Sorting Materials Into Groups

Sorting Materials Into Groups Class 6 Notes Understanding the Lesson

1. There is a vast variety of objects everywhere.

2. All objects around us are made up of one or more materials.

3. Some of these objects are living and some are non-living.

4. Different things have different shapes, sizes and colours.

5. Things can be grouped in several groups on the basis of similarities in their properties.

6. The process of sorting and grouping things according to their chemical or physical properties is called classification.

7. Classification makes locating objects easier.

8. Anything that occupies space and has mass is called matter.

9. All materials/substances are made of matter.

10. Matter can be classified into three states:

• Solid
• Liquid
• Gas

11. A substance which is made up of matter and is used for making objects is called material,

12. Materials may be of two types:

• Man-made materials
• Natural materials

13. It is the property of material that decides where and how to use it in the appropriate manner.

14. Properties may be of two types:

(a) Physical properties
(b) Chemical properties

15. Appearance: Some materials (objects) may have shining appearance, while others may have dull appearance.

16. On the basis of their appearance, all the materials are classified into two groups:

(a) Materials having lustre.
(b) Materials not having lustre.

17. Materials which are shiny in appearance are called lustrous materials whereas materials lacking this shine are called non-lustrous materials.

18. Hardness: Some substances are hard while some are soft. Those materials which cannot be easily compressed, cut, moulded or scratched, are called hard materials whereas those materials which can be easily compressed, cut, moulded or scratched are called soft materials.

19. Solubility:

• Soluble: Substances that get dissolved in water are called soluble or miscible substances.
• Insoluble: Substances which do not dissolve in water are called insoluble or immiscible substances.
• Solubility of gases: Solubility of gases in water is very less.

20. Buoyancy: Some materials float on water while others sink.

21. Transparency: The property of material due to which we can see through it clearly is called transparency.

• Opaque: Materials through which we are not able to see are called opaque materials.
• Translucent: Materials through which things are only partially visible are called translucent materials.

22. Things are grouped together on the basis of similarities and differences in their properties and to study their properties.
Transparent: Materials through which things can be seen clearly are called transparent materials.

Class 6 Science Chapter 4 Notes Important Terms

Hard: Those materials which cannot be easily compressed, cut, moulded or scratched are called hard.

Insoluble: Those materials which do not dissolve in water are called insoluble.

Lustre: The natural shine present on the surface of certain materials is called lustre.

Material: A substance which is made up of matter and is used for making objects is called material.

Metals: Materials which show properties like lustre, malleability, ductility and a sonority are called metals.

Opaque: Those materials which do not allow the light to pass through them are called opaque.

Rough: Those materials which have uneven surface are called rough.

Soluble: Those materials which dissolves in water are called soluble.

Translucent: Those materials which partially allow light to pass through them are called translucent.

Transparent: Materials which allow light to pass through them are called transparent.

On this page, you will find Fibre to Fabric Class 6 Notes Science Chapter 3 Pdf free download. CBSE NCERT Class 6 Science Notes Chapter 3 Fibre to Fabric will seemingly help them to revise the important concepts in less time.

CBSE Class 6 Science Chapter 3 Notes Fibre to Fabric

Fibre to Fabric Class 6 Notes Understanding the Lesson

1. Clothes are one of our basic needs.

2. Clothes protect us from heat, cold, dirt and dust.

3. The style of clothing differs from place to place.

4. Clothes also differ according to weather conditions.

5. In summer, mostly the cotton clothes of light colours are worn while in winters, mostly woollen clothes like sweaters, caps and gloves are worn.

6. The material that is used to make clothes is called

7. Fabric is woven from various kinds of fibres through various processes with the help of different machines.

8. Fibres are the thread-like structures that are obtained from animals or plants sources or synthesised artificially.

9. Fibre is the basic unit of a fabric.

10. Fabrics are of many types depending on the fibre they are made up of.

11. Fibres are classified on the basis of their origin and are mainly divided into two types: Natural fibres and synthetic fibres.

12. Fibres obtained from natural sources are called natural fibres.

13. Cotton, jute, wool, silk, fur, etc., are some of the examples of natural fibres.

14. Natural fibres are further classified into two types- animal fibres and plant fibres.

15. We use fleece of such animals that have special types of hair and fur on their body to make our clothes.

16. For example, wool is obtained from the fleece of sheep, cashmere wool is obtained from cashmere goat, the hair of yak, camel are also used to make woollen clothes.

17. Main plant fibres are cotton, jute, flax, hemp, etc.

18. In addition to these, coconut fibres are also taken in various uses.

19. Fibres that are manufactured artificially in factories using different chemicals are called synthetic fibres. Examples are rayon, terylene, nylon, polyester, etc.

20. Among all the fibres, cotton is produced in the largest quantity in India.

21. Cotton plants are usually grown at places having black soil and warm climate because black soil has capacity to retain water.

22. Cotton is mainly cultivated in Punjab, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Karnataka.

23. The fruits of the cotton plant are known as cotton bolls which are about the size of a lemon.

24. On maturing, these bolls burst open and white fluffy mass is revealed.

25. In this white mass, there are cotton seeds covered with cotton fibres.

26. These white masses of cotton are handpicked from bolls. Then they are passed through various processes.

27. All the fibres are removed from the bolls through a process called

28. Machines are also used for ginning.

29. Jute is the cheapest and most affordable fibre. It is called the ‘golden fibre’.

30. fibre is obtained from the stem of the jute plant. It is cultivated during the rainy season in India.

31. In India, jute is mainly grown in Bihar, Assam and West Bengal.

32. The jute plant is normally harvested when it is at flowering stage.

33. The stems of the harvested plants are immersed in water for a few days.

34. The stems rot and fibres are separated by hand.

35. All these fibres are first converted into yarns to make fabrics.

36. Spinning is the process of converting fibres into yarn by twisting the fibre using various machines.

37. Spinning is done in the same way as the wicks are made from cotton wool at homes.

38. Spinning can be done both by hands and by machines.

39. Manually, it is done with a hand spindle called takli or on a spinning wheel called

40. Mahatma Gandhi was a great supporter of spinning on the charkha.

41. Once the yarn is obtained, it could be converted into fabric by either of the following two processes- weaving and knitting.

42. Weaving is the process of interlocking two sets of yarns at right angle to each other to form a fabric.

43. Weaving is done on the looms.

44. If looms are manually operated, they are called handlooms and if these are power operated then they are called power looms.

45. The process of making fabric from single yarn is called

46. Knitting can be done either by hands or by machines.

47. Knitting is mostly done for making woollen clothes.

48. In ancient times, people used the bark and big leaves of trees or animal skins and furs to cover themselves.

49. After people began to settle in agricultural communities, they learnt to weave twigs and grass into mats and baskets.

50. The early Indians wore fabrics made out of cotton that grew in the regions near the river Ganga.

51. Flax also a plant that gives natural fibres. In ancient times, cotton as well as flax were cultivated near the river Nile and were used for making fabrics.

52. In those days, stitching was not known. People simply draped the fabrics around different parts of their body.

53. With the invention of sewing needle, people started stitching fabrics to make clothes.

54. Stitched clothes have gone through many variations since this invention.

55. Just as there is a large variety in the food eaten all over the country, a large variety exists also in fabrics and clothing items.

Class 6 Science Chapter 3 Notes Important Terms

Cotton wool: Cotton wool is obtained from cotton plants. It is made up of thin cotton fibres.

Fabric: The woven materials which are used to make clothes are called fabrics.

Fibre: A long hair-like structure which is the basic unit of a fabric is called fibre.

Knitting: The process of making a piece of fabric from a single yam is called knitting.

Spinning: The process of converting fibres into yarn by twisting the fibre using various machines are called spinning.

Weaving: The process of arranging two sets of yarns together to make a fabric is called weaving.

Yam: A long strand which are made up of fibre is called yarn.

On this page, you will find Fun with Magnets Class 6 Notes Science Chapter 13 Pdf free download. CBSE NCERT Class 6 Science Notes Chapter 13 Fun with Magnets will seemingly help them to revise the important concepts in less time.

CBSE Class 6 Science Chapter 13 Notes Fun with Magnets

Fun with Magnets Class 6 Notes Understanding the Lesson

1. Magnets are very useful materials.

2. The word magnet is derived from the old French word magnet which means lodestone.

3. The ore from which magnet is extracted is called magnetite.

4. Magnets are classified as-Natural magnets and Artificial magnets.

5. Magnetic materials are those which get attracted to magnets, e. g., iron, nickel and cobalt.

6. Non-magnetic materials are those that do not get attracted to magents, e. g., paper, wood, plastic, etc.

7. The ends of magnet are called poles. One is the north pole and the other is the south pole.

8. Attraction is maximum at the poles of a magnet.

9. Magnets are also used for finding directions.

10. A freely suspended magnet always comes to rest in the north-south direction.

11. The like poles of the magnets repel each other whereas unlike poles attract each other.

12. There are several methods of making magnets.

13. Rubbing a permanent magnet on an iron can make the iron a temporary magnet.

14 Temporary magnets lose their property of magnetism after a short period of time.

15. Permanent magnets do not lose their property of magnetism even after a long period of time.

16. The permanent magnets can also lose their magnetism and get demagnetized if hammered or heated or dropped from a height.

17. A magnet also loses its magnetism if it is not stored properly.

18. Bar magnets must always be stored in pairs with their opposite poles on the same side.

19. Magnets are used in ATM cards, credit cards, audio cassettes, floppy disks, generators, etc.

Class 6 Science Chapter 13 Notes Important Terms

Compass: A small glass containing as magnetized needle pivoted on a nail is called compass.

Magnet: A substance that has the property of attracting objects made of iron, cobalt and nickel is called magnet.

Magnetite: The ore of iron which has magnetic properties is called magnetite.

North pole: When suspended freely, one pole of the magnet always pointed towards north. This is known as north pole.

South pole: When suspended freely, the end of a magnet which points towards south is known as south pole.

On this page, you will find Components of Food Class 6 Notes Science Chapter 2 Pdf free download. CBSE NCERT Class 6 Science Notes Chapter 2 Components of Food will seemingly help them to revise the important concepts in less time.

CBSE Class 6 Science Chapter 2 Notes Components of Food

Components of Food Class 6 Notes Understanding the Lesson

1. Our meals usually consist of a variety of food items.

2. Each dish is usually made up of different ingredients which contain some substances needed by our body. These substances are called nutrients.

3. Our food has five major nutrients: Carbohydrates, Fats, Proteins, Vitamins and Minerals.

4. Water and roughage (dietary fibres) are also important part of our food.

5. Carbohydrates provide energy to our body.

6. Some common sources of carbohydrates in our food are sweet potatoes, sugar, wheat, honey, rice, maize, millet, etc.

7. Fats also provide energy to our body. In fact, fats provide us twice as much energy as that provided by the same amount of carbohydrates.

8. Some common sources of fats in our food are: butter, ghee, milk, cheese, egg yolk, sunflower oil, mustard oil, etc.

9. Both fats and carbohydrates are called ‘energy-giving foods’.

10. Proteins supply the materials that are needed to make new cells by the body.

11. The various foods which are rich in proteins are milk, cheese, pulses, peas, beans, soybeans, fish, meat, chicken, eggs, etc.

12. Foods containing proteins are known as ‘bodybuilding foods’.

13. Vitamins are important for the normal growth and development of the body.

14. Vitamins are represented by the capital letters of the English alphabet such as A, B, C, D, E and K.

15. Some of the important vitamins are: Vitamin A, Vitamin B-complex, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Vitamin E and Vitamin K.

16. The main sources of vitamins are milk, butter, carrot, eggs, green leafy vegetables, mango, orange, etc.

17. Our body needs minerals for its proper functioning, normal growth and good health.

18. Some of the important minerals needed by our body are calcium, phosphorus, iron, iodine, sodium and potassium.

19. The sources of minerals in our food are cheese, milk, fish, leafy vegetables, pulses, lobsters, iodised salts, etc.

20. Water is needed by our body:

• to transport digested food to the body.
• to transport important chemicals such as hormones around the body.
• to get rid of waste products from the body.

21. Many food materials themselves contain some water. Fresh fruits and vegetables also provide us a lot of water.

22. Fruits and vegetables which provide water are tomatoes, melons, cabbages, etc.

23. The loss of water from the body causes dehydration.

24. Roughage is the fibrous matter in food which cannot be digested.

25. Roughage is also called ‘dietary fibre’.

26. Roughage provides bulk to the food, keeps the food and waste materials moving through the intestines and helps to prevent constipation.

27. The diet which contains adequate amounts of all the nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals sufficient for the normal growth and development of the body is called a balanced diet.

28. Balanced diet includes a number of different food items in our daily meals, which when taken together, provide us all the nutrients in adequate amount.

29. Some nutrients presents in food materials are lost during the pre-cooking and cooking practices, which should be avoided.

30. Repeated washing of rice and pulses removes the water soluble vitamins and some minerals.

31. Cooking improves the taste of food and makes food easier to digest.

32. Vitamin C gets destroyed easily by heat during cooking.

33. If any of the nutrients is either less than the required amount from our diet over a long period of time, it can cause a disease or disorder in our body. These diseases are called deficiency diseases.

34. The deficiency of proteins in the diet of small children causes a disease known as

35. The deficiency of proteins, as well as carbohydrates in the diet of very small children, causes a disease known as

36. Deficiency of various vitamins in the human diet gives rise to a number of diseases such as night-blindness, beriberi, scurvy, rickets, etc.

37. Deficiency of minerals in the human diet also gives rise to a number of diseases such anaemia, rickets, cretinism, goitre, etc.

Class 6 Science Chapter 2 Notes Important Terms

Nutrients: The components of food that are necessary for growth and development of our body are called nutrients.

Carbohydrates: Carbohydrates provide energy to our body. The main carbohydrate that we eat in our food is starch and it comes from cereals.

Proteins: The nutrients which repair the damaged body cells during the healing of wounds and are need­ed to make new cells are called proteins. The main sources of protein in our food are fish, meat, chicken, peas, eggs, etc.

Fats: The nutrients which provide us twice as much energy as that provided by the same amount of carbo­hydrates are called fats. The main sources of fats in our food are meat, egg, yolk, groundnut, soybean, etc.

Vitamins: The nutrients which help in protecting our body against diseases and are important for the normal growth and development are called vitamin. The main sources of vitamins are milk, butter, carrot, papaya, etc.

Minerals: The nutrients which are needed to build bones and teeth; formation of haemoglobin in blood; coagulation of blood; and functioning of muscles, nerves and thyroid glands are called minerals. The important minerals are calcium, phosphorus, iron, sodium, potassium and iodine.

Dietary fibre: Dietary fibre or roughage is the indigestible portion of food derived from plants. The main sources of roughage are pulses, fresh fruits, potatoes, whole grains, etc.

Balanced diet: A diet that contains adequate amount of all the nutrients sufficient for the normal growth and development of the body is called balanced diet.

Obesity: The state of being grossly fat or overweight by eating too much fat rich foods is called obesity.

Deficiency disease: A disease that is caused by the lack of nutrients in our diet over a long period of tima is called deficiency disease.

Energy: The capacity to do work is called energy. We need energy for our various activities.

Starch: An odourless, tasteless white substance occurring widely in plant tissue and obtained chiefly from cereals and potatoes is called starch.

Scurvy: Scurvy is a disease caused due to deficiency of vitamin C. Bleeding gums are its main symptoms.