Category: CBSE Class 7

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 On Equality are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 On Equality.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 7
Subject	Social Science Civics
Chapter	Chapter 1
Chapter Name	On Equality
Number of Questions Solved	14
Category	NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 On Equality

NCERT TEXTBOOK EXERCISES

Question 1.
In a democracy why is universal adult franchise important?
Answer.

1. In a democracy, the universal adult franchise is important because it is based on the principle of equality.
2. It authorizes every adult citizen in a country to cast one vote irrespective of her/ his wealth and the communities she/he belongs to.

Question 2.
Re-read the box on Article 15 and state two ways in which this Article addresses inequality?
Answer.
Article 15 of the Indian Constitution Prohibits discrimination and inequalities.

1. It allows access to shops, public places, restaurants, etc. to all.
2. The general public is allowed to use wells, tanks, bathing ghats maintained wholly or partly by state funds.

Question 3.
In what ways was Omprakash Valmiki’s experience similar to that of the Ansaris?
Answer.

1. The dignity of both Omprakash Valmiki and the Ansaris was violated. They were made victims of inequality in treatment.
2. Omprakash Valmiki was made to sweep the school, because of his caste, and Ansaris were refused to lease the apartments because of their religion.

Question 4.
What do you understand by the term “all persons are equal before the law”? Why do you think it is important in a democracy?
Answer.
It means that every person, from the President of the country to domestic help like Kanta has to obey the same laws. No person can be discriminated against on the basis of their religion, race, caste, etc. Every person has access to all public places including playgrounds, hotels, shops, and markets. All persons can use publicly available wells, roads, and bathing ghats.

Equality is the soul of democracy. We know that democracy is a form of government which gives equal importance and recognition to all. If inequalities on the basis of race, religion, caste, etc. continue to exist, democracy would never flourish. Instead, it would perish very soon.

Question 5.
The Government of India passed the Disabilities Act in 1995. This law states that persons with disabili¬ties have equal rights and that the government should make possible their full participation in society. The government has to provide free education and integrate children with disabilities into mainstream schools. This law also states that all public places including buildings, schools, etc., should be accessible and provided with ramps.

Look at the photograph and think about the boy who is being carried down the stairs. Do you think the above law is being implemented in his case? What needs to be done to make the building more accessible for him? How would his be carried down the stairs affect his dignity as well as his safety?
Answer.

1. The above law is not being implemented in the case of the boy who is being carried down the stairs as shown in the photograph.
2. There is a need to construct public buildings like schools, hospitals, etc., with the provisions of ramps so that they may be more accessible for persons with disabilities.
3. The dignity of the boy is affected by being carried down the stairs because he may feel inferior for his dependency on others for movement in such places. His safety is also at stake as the persons helping him may cause an accident.

INTEXT QUESTIONS

Question 1.
Do you think Kanta has enough reason to doubt whether she really is equal? List three reasons from the story that might make her feel like this. (NCERT Page 6)
Answer.
Yes, Kanta has enough reasons to doubt whether she is really equal.
Reasons:

1. She cannot skip work even when her daughter is ill.
2. She does not have enough money to take her daughter to the doctor.
3. She has to stand in line at a government hospital for her turn to show her daughter to the doctor.

Question 2.
Circle the reference to caste in the matrimonial advertisements given below: (NCERT Page 7)

Answer.

Question 3.
Why do you think Omprakash Valmiki was being treated unequally by his teacher and his classmates? Imagine yourself as Omprakash Valmiki and write four lines about how you would feel if you were in the same situation as him. (NCERT Page 8)
Answer.
Yes, Omprakash Valmiki was being treated unequally by his teacher and his classmates because he was Dalit. We, as Omprakash Valmiki would feel humiliated and many questions would arise in our minds.
Like:

1. do we not have soul, heart?
2. are we not fit for education?
3. why are we treated unequally?

Question 4.
Why do you think the Ansaris were being treated unequally? What would you do if you were in the Ansaris’ position and could not find a place to live because some people did not want to live next to you because of the religion you practice? (NCERT Page 8)
Answer.

1. Ansaris were being treated unequally because they belonged to the Muslim religion.
2. If we were in Ansaris’ position.
   • We would go to the Minority Commission to lodge a complaint against the apartment owners.
   • We would try to reason out with people.

Question 5.
If you were one of the Ansaris how would you have responded to the suggestion that you change your name? (NCERT Page 9)
Answer.
I would have responded in these words:
I will not change my name as there is nothing in the name, we all are God’s creation.

Question 6.
Can you think of an incident in your life in which your dignity was violated? How did this make you feel? (NCERT Page 9)
Answer.

• Yes.
• Disgusted.

(Answer will vary from student to student.)

Question 7.
What is the midday meal programme? Can you list three benefits of the programme? How do you think this program might help promote greater equality? (NCERT Page 11)
Answer.

1. In the midday meal programme students of primary classes are provided lunch in the schools all over the country.
2. Benefits:
   • Truancy after recess has decreased.
   • More and more children enroll themselves in the schools.
   • Would help poor students and improve their concentration.
   • Mothers do not have to leave their work in the mid.
3. This programme might help promote equality as it would reduce caste prejudices.
4. In some places, Dalit women are employed to cook meals for all children.

Question 8.
Find out about one government scheme in your area. What does this scheme do? Who is this scheme set up to benefit? (NCERT Page 11)
Answer.

1. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (S.S.A.).
2. This scheme provides education to those children who do not join schools for one or the other reason.
3. This scheme is set to benefit Dalit children mostly.

Question 9.
How does Article 15 of our constitution address inequality?
Answer.
Article 15 of the Indian Constitution Prohibits discrimination and inequalities.

1. It allows access to shops, public places, restaurants, etc. to all.
2. The general public is allowed to use wells, tanks, bathing ghats maintained wholly or partly by state funds.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 On Equality help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 On Equality, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Water are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Water.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 7
Subject	Social Science Geography
Chapter	Chapter 5
Chapter Name	Water
Number of Questions Solved	9
Category	NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Water

NCERT TEXTBOOK EXERCISES

Question 1.
Answer the following questions.

1. What is precipitation?
2. What is the water cycle?
3. What are the factors affecting the height of the waves?
4. Which factors affect the movement of ocean water?
5. What are tides and how are they caused?
6. What are ocean currents?

Answer.

1. Precipitation: Precipitation is the fall of moisture on the ground in the form of rainfall, snow, sleet and hailstones.
2. Water Cycle:
   • The sun’s heat causes evaporation of water from various water bodies.
     
   • These vapors cools down, it condenses and forms clouds.
   • Once the clouds reach saturation point, the water comes down in form of precipitation —rain, snow, dew, sleet etc.
   • Rate of evaporation depends upon the sun’s heat and absorption capacity of air.
   • The process in which the water changes its form and circulates between land, ocean, and air is called the water cycle.
3. Factors affecting the height of the waves:
   • Winds
   • Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and landslides on the bottom of the oceans.
4. Factors affecting the movement of ocean water:
   • Temperature
   • Winds
   • The gravitational pull of the sun, the earth, and the moon
   • Shape of continents
   • Warm and cold currents
   • Salinity
5. The rhythmic rise and fall of ocean water twice a day is called a tide. Tides are caused due to the gravitational pull exerted by the sun and the moon on the earth’s surface.
6. Ocean currents are streams of water flowing constantly on the ocean surface in definite directions. They may be warm or cold currents:
   • Warm currents originate near the equator and move towards the poles. They bring about warm temperatures over land surfaces, for example, the Gulf stream.
   • Cold currents originate near poles and move towards tropical or lower latitudes. They bring about coolness over land surfaces, for example, Labrador current.

Question 2.
Give reasons.

1. Ocean water is salty.
2. The quality of water is deteriorating.

Answer.

1. Ocean water is salty because it contains a large number of dissolved salts. Most of this salt is sodium chloride or common table salt.
2. The quality of water is deteriorating because of the following reasons:
   • The decrease in the water table.
   • Mixing of industrial effluents and untreated water of industries into the streams, rivers, and even oceans.
   • Mixing of sewerage water into the rivers etc.
   • Excessive use of water causing scarcity.
   • Throwing of dead bodies, havan ashes, vegetables, and flowers into the sea.
   • Bathing of animals into the water bodies.
   • Dirt and dust storms also pollute water.

Question 3.
Tick the correct answer.
(i) The process by which water continually changes its form and circulates between oceans, atmosphere and land
(a) Water cycle
(b) Tides
(c) Ocean currents
Answer.
(a) Water

(ii) Generally the warm ocean currents originate near
(a) Poles
(b) Equator
(c) None of these
Answer.
(b) the Equator.

(iii) The rhythmic rise and fall of ocean water twice in a day is called
(a) Tide
(b) Ocean current
(c) Wave
Answer.
(a) Tide.

Question 4.
Match the following.
(i) Caspian Sea                                      (a) the Largest lake
(ii) Tide                                                  (b) Periodic rise and fall of water
(iii) Tsunami                                          (c) Strong seismic waves
(iv) Ocean currents                               (d) Streams of water moving along definite paths
                                                              (e) Water cycle
Answer.
(i) Caspian Sea                                   (a) the Largest lake
(ii) Tide                                               (b) Periodic rise and fall of water
(iii) Tsunami                                        (c) Strong seismic waves
(iv) Ocean currents                             (d) Streams of water moving along definite paths

Question 5.
For fun.
Be a Detective
(i) The name of one river is hidden in each of the sentences below. Spot it. Example: Mandira, Vijayalakshmi, and Surinder are my best friends
Answer.
Ravi
(a) The snake charmer’s bustee, stables where horses are housed, and the piles of wood, all caught fire accidentally. (Hint: Another name for River Brahmaputra)
(b) The conference manager put pad, material for reading, and a pencil for each participant. (Hint: A distributary on the Ganga-Brahmputra delta)
(c) Either jealousy or anger cause a person’s fall (Hint: Name of juicy fruit!)
(d) Bhavani germinated the seeds in a pot (Hint: Look for her in West Africa)
(e) “I am a zonal champion now” declared the excited athlete. (Hint: The river that has the biggest basin in the world)
(f) The tiffin box rolled down and all the food fell in dusty potholes. (Hint: Rises in India and journeys through Pakistan)
(g) Malini leaned against the pole when she felt that she was going to faint. (Hint: Her delta in Egypt is famous)
(h) Samantha mesmerised everybody with her magic tricks. (Hint: London is situated on her estuary)
(i) “In this neighbourhood, please don’t yell! Owners of these houses like to have peace.” Warned my father when we moved into our new flat.” (Hint: color!)
(j) ‘Write the following words, Marc!’ “On”, “go”, “in”— said the teacher, to the little boy in KG Class. (Hint: Rhymes with ‘bongo’)

Now make some more on your own and ask your classmates to spot the hidden name.-You can do this with any name: that of a lake, mountains, trees, fruits, school items, etc.
Answer.
(a) Teesta (a tributary of Brahmaputra)
(b) Padma
(c) Orange
(d) Niger
(e) Amazon
(f) Indus
(g) the Nile
(h) the Thames
(i) Yellow river
(j) Congo
Do further exercise yourself.

Carry on Detective

(ii) With the help of an atlas, draw each river which you discovered in For fun (/), on an outline map of the world.
Answer.

INTEXT QUESTIONS WITH THEIR ANSWERS

Question 1.
Why do so many countries face water scarcity? (NCERT Page 32)
Answer.
Due to the following reasons.

1. Some countries are rocky and stony, and arid.
2. Some do not have much rainfall.
3. Some are desert areas.
4. Most of the water is polluted, of inferior quality.
5. Excessive use of water has depleted water resources.

Question 2.
Is all water on the earth available to us? (NCERT Page 32)
Answer.
No, only 3% is freshwater. It’s 0.3% is available to us.

Question 3.
Don’t you think we are wasting a precious resource when we use water carelessly? (NCERT Page 32)
Answer.
Yes.

Question 4.
When you are playing throw ball on the beach and the ball falls into the water, what happens? (NCERT Page 34)
Answer.
It goes up and down at its place. It gets back to the shore with the waves.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Water help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Water, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 2 New Kings and Kingdoms are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 2 New Kings and Kingdoms.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 7
Subject	Social Science History
Chapter	Chapter 2
Chapter Name	New Kings and Kingdoms
Number of Questions Solved	22
Category	NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 2 New Kings and Kingdoms

NCERT TEXTBOOK EXERCISES

IMAGINE
You are present in an election for a sabha. Describe what you see and hear. To be done by students themselves,
Hints:

• All candidates were landowners well versed in administration.
• Age group 35-70.
• Talking about Vedas and scriptures.

LET’S RECALL

Question 1.
Match the following:
Gurjara-Pratiharas                    Western Deccan
Rashtrakutas                                  Bengal
Palas                                     Gujarat and Rajasthan
Cholas                                            Tamil Nadu
Answer.
Guijara-Pratiharas                      Gujarat and Rajasthan
Rashtrakutas                                Western Deccan
Palas                                                  Bengal
Cholas                                              Tamil Nadu

Question 2.
Who were the parties involved in the “tripartite struggle”?
Answer.
Parties involved in the “tripartite struggle”

1. Guijara-Pratiharas
2. Rashtrakutas
3. Palas.

Question 3.
What were the qualifications necessary to become a member of a committee of the sabha in the Chola Empire?
Answer.
According to the Uttaramerur inscription, the following qualifications were necessary to become a member of a committee of the sabha in the Chola Empire:

1. A person should own land from which revenue was collected.
2. He should have been their own home.
3. He needed between 35 and 70 years of age.
4. He should have been knowledgeable of Vedas.
5. He required to be well-versed in administrative matters and honest.
6. If anyone had been a member of any committee in the last three years, he could not have become a member of another committee.
7. Anyone who had not submitted his accounts, and those of his relatives, could not have contested the elections.

Question 4.
What were the two major cities under the control of the Chahamanas?
Answer.
The two cities under the control of the Chahamanas:

• Delhi.
• Ajmer.

LET’S UNDERSTAND

Question 5.
How did the Rashtrakutas become powerful?
Answer.
It was during the seventh century that the kings acknowledged the big landlords as their subordinates or samantas. The samantas were expected to bring gifts and provide military support to their kings. In due course they gained power and wealth. They declared themselves to be maha-samantas, maha- mandaleshvar (the great lord of a circle or region) and so on.

Rashtrakutas were one of them who were initially the subordinates of the Chalukyas in Deccan. In the mid-eighth century, Dantidurga, a Rashtrakuta chief, performed a ritual hiranya-garbha and overthrew the Chalukya overlord. After the ritual was over he was reborn as Kshatriya, even if he was not by birth.

Question 6.
What did the new dynasties do to gain acceptance?
Answer.
The new dynasties performed holy rituals with the help of Brahmanas in order to gain acceptance. For example, hiranya-garbha ritual performed by low caste Dantidurga, the Rashtrakuta chief.

Question 7.
What kind of irrigation works were developed in the Tamil region?
Answer.
During the fifth or sixth century the area of Tamil Nadu was opened up for large-scale cultivation. For irrigation, a variety of new methods were discovered. In many areas, wells were dug. Hugh tanks were constructed for rainwater storage.

Question 8.
What were the activities associated with Chola temples?
Answer.
The following activities were associated with the Chola temples :

1. Temples were nuclei of settlements which grew around them.
2. The temples were centres of craft production.
3. The produce of the land owned by the temple (granted to the temple by kings) went into maintaining—priests, garland makers, cooks, sweepers, musicians, dancers, etc.
4. Temples were the places of social, economic, cultural, and religious activities.
5. Bronze images were also made in Chola temples.

LET’S DISCUSS

Question 9.
Look at Map 1 once more and find out whether there were any kingdoms in the state in which you live.
Answer.
Yes.
Different answers for students living in different states. Some examples:
West Bengal                       →   Palas
Orissa                                 →   Utkalas, Gangas, Kalinga
Tamil Nadu                        →   Cholas, Pandyas
Kerala                                →    Cheras
Maharashtra & Karnataka →   Rashtrakutas
Gujarat                              →   Andhra
Rajasthan                          →   Chahamanas

Question 10.
Contrast the ‘elections’ in Uttaramerur with present-day panchayat elections.
Answer.
The present-day panchayat elections do not use the lottery system to elect the members of panchayat as was done in the Chola Empire.

LET’S DO

Question 11.
Compare the temple shown in this chapter (of your textbook) with any present-day temple in your neighbourhood, highlighting any similarities and differences that you notice.
Answer.
Comparison between temples shown the chapter and present-day temples in our in neighbourhood.

Temples showed in the chapter	Temples in our neighbourhood
Pyramidal shape	Triangular in shape with apex and base.
Images on the walls.	No images on the walls.
Settlements and land nearby.	No such settlements and land nearby.
Several specialists—priests, garland makers, sweepers, cook, etc	Only priests—other temporary, professions
Worship of gods and goddesses.	Worship of gods and goddesses.
Domination of Brahmanas.	Domination of Brahmanas.

Question 12.
Find out more about taxes that are collected at present. Are these in cash, kind, or labour services?
Answer.
Some of the important present-day taxes are income tax, service tax, house tax, etc. All the present-day taxes are collected in cash.

INTEXT QUESTIONS WITH THEIR ANSWERS

Question 1.
Locate the Gurjara-Pratiharas, Rashtrakutas, Palas, Cholas and Chahamanas (Chauhans). Can you identify the present-day states over which they exercised control? (NCERT Page 16)
Answer.

1. Please see Map 1 for the location of major kingdoms.
2. Yes, we can identify the present states over which they exercised control.
   • Guijara-Pratiharas Central Madhya Pradesh
   • Rashtrakutas Maharashtra and Western Andhra Pradesh
   • Palas West Bengal
   • Cholas Karnataka (Southern) and Tamil Nadu
   • Chahamanas Madhya Pradesh (North Western) and Rajasthan {South-Eastern)
     

Question 2.
Do you think being born as a Kshatriya was important in order to become a ruler during this period? (NCERT Page 17)
Answer.
Yes.

Question 3.
In what ways was this form of administration different from the present-day system? (NCERT Page 18)
Answer.

• In the present system, the administration is run by the elected governments in most of the countries or states.
• Resources are obtained from different taxes and tariffs on produces, consumers, and citizens. These are collected by government departments.
• Resources are used for developing the state and providing facilities to the citizens.
• No one is forced to do labor. The rule of law is followed.

Question 4.
Are any such taxes (of the Cholas) collected today? (NCERT Page 18)
Answer.
Yes, the land revenues and taxes on buildings/houses are collected as house tax today.

Question 5.
Also, see if you can find some of the areas mentioned in the inscription on Map 1 (NCERT, page 16). Other rulers made similar claims as well. Why do you think they made these claims? (NCERT Page 19)
Answer.

1. We can see Kanauj, Anarta, Vanga.
2. To show their power and superiority.

Question 6.
List all the possible sources of irrigation mentioned in the inscription, and discuss how these might have been used. (NCERT Page 20)
Answer.

1. Possible sources of irrigation
   • Wells.
   • Canals.
   • Tanks.
   • Mainly tanks were used through channels (canals) to the fields.
2. Water was regulated in the tank with the sluicegate.

Question 7.
Look at Map 1 (NCERT, page 16) and suggest reasons why these rulers wanted to control Kanauj and the Ganga valley. (NCERT Page 21)
Answer.

1. The city of Kanauj and the Ganga valley was a prized area as it was very fertile.
2. Gurjara-Pratihara, Rashtrakuts, and Palas dynasties had controlled these areas for centuries.

Question 8.
Look at Map 1 (NCERT, page 16) again and discuss why the Chahamanas may have wanted to expand their territories. (NCERT Page 21)
Answer.
The Chahamanas might have wanted to expand their territories to become more powerful.

Question 9.
Do you think women participated in these assemblies? In your view are lotteries useful in choosing members of committees? (NCERT Page 27)
Answer.

1. No, women did not participate in these assemblies.
2. In my view, lotteries are not useful in choosing members of the committees. The best way is through elections.

Question 10.
Were there any Brahmanas in this hamlet? Describe all the activities that were taking place in the village. Why do you think temple inscriptions ignore these activities? (NCERT Page 27)
Answer.

1. No.
2. The Brahmanas lived separately in temples or in their adjoining buildings.
3. The activities which were taking place in the village were:
   Village Activities
   • Agrarian labour
   • Rearing of cocks and group of chickens
   • Making of drums
   • Husking of paddy.

These activities did not find a place in the inscriptions because these activities were considered menial and without any importance.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 2 New Kings and Kingdoms help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 2 New Kings and Kingdoms, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English Honeycomb Poem Chapter 4 Chivvy are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English Honeycomb Poem Chapter 4 Chivvy.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 7
Subject	English Honeycomb (Poem)
Chapter	Chapter 4
Chapter Name	Chivvy
Number of Questions Solved	7
Category	NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English Honeycomb Poem Chapter 4 Chivvy

STANZAS FOR COMPREHENSION

Read the following extracts and answer the questions that follow by choosing the correct option :
Question 1.
Grown-ups say things like :
Speak up
Don’t talk with your mouth full
Don’t stare
Don’t point
Don’t pick your nose
(Page 69)
Word-Notes : Grown up-elderly, बड़ी उम्र के लोग। With your mouth full—loudly, जोर-जोर से। Stare-look long and intently, घूरना। Pick your nose-put finger in your nose, अपनी नाक में ऊँगली देना।

हिन्दी अनुवाद : बड़े लोग इस तरह की बातें कहा करते हैं : जवाब दो/जोर से मत बोलो/घूरो मत। इशारा मत करो /नाक में उंगली मत डालो/

Paraphrase : It is the habit of the grown-ups to counsel the youngsters. They keep instructing the child to speak up even when the child does not want to make the reply. They further advise him not to talk loudly and that he should not stare at anything. Further, he is told not to point fingers at anybody and also never to dig his fingers in his nose.

Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
The instructions are given so that
(a) the children become
(b) the children misbehave indisciplined
(c) the children become mature
(d) the children learn good manners
Answer.
(d) the children learn good manners

Question 2.
Who have the habit of always instructing the child ?
(a) Adolescents
(b) Grown ups
(c) Mothers
(d) Parents
Answer.
(b) Grown ups

Question 3.
How far are the instructions liked by the children ?
(a) They are not liked by most children
(b) They are liked by most children
(c) They are not liked by some children
(d) They are liked by none of the children
Answer.
(a) They are not liked by most children

Question 2.
Sit up
Say please
Less noise
Shut the door behind you
Don’t drag your feet
Haven’t you got a hankie ?
Take your hands out of
your pockets
(Page 69)
Word-Notes : Sit up-sit straight, सीधे बैठो। Less-reduce, कम करो। Drag-trail on the ground, घसीटना। Hankie-handkerchief, रूमाल।

हिन्दी अनुवाद : सीधे बैठो। कहो ‘कृपया’/शोर कम/दरवाजा बंद करके अंदर आओ/पैर घसीट कर मत चलो/ क्या तुम्हारे पास रूमाल नहीं है ? अपने हाथ अपनी जेब से बाहर निकालो/

Paraphrase : The elders too have certain directions to give him. They tell him to sit with a proper posture, to say please and make less noise. The child should also shut the door behind him and never drag his feet while walking. He should always have a hankie for ready use and should keep his hands out of the pockets.

Questions.

1. Who speaks these lines and to whom ?
2. How should one walk ?
3. How should one stand ?

Answers.

1. A grown-up speaks these lines. These are spoken to a child.
2. One should walk without dragging one’s feet.
3. One should stand with one’s hands out of one’s pocket.

Question 3.
Pull your socks up
Stand up straight
Say thank you
Don’t interrupt
No one thinks you’re funny
Take your elbows off the table

Can’t you make your own
mind up about anything ?
(Page 70)
Word-Notes : Socks-stockings, जुराब। Straight-erect, सीधे। Interrupt-speak in, बीच में बोलना। Funny-interesting, आकर्षक। Elbows-कोहनी। Off-away, दूर। Make up your mind—decide, फैसला करो|

हिन्दी अनुवाद : अपने जुराब ऊपर करो/सीधे खड़े हो/धन्यवाद बोलो/बीच में मत बोलो/कोई तुम्हें आकर्षक नहीं समझ रहा। मेज से अपनी कोहनियाँ हटाओ/क्या किसी चीज में तुम खुद फैसला नहीं कर सकते ?

Paraphrase : The child has to be a refined being. He should wear his socks properly and pull them up. He should stand straight and not clumsily. He should also take care to say thank you’on being given something. He should never interrupt during a conversation. He should not behave in a funny manner to draw attention. He should keep his elbows off the table. At times, he should be wise enough to take his own decisions.

Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
To behave in public one needs
(a) to be well-mannered
(b) to groom himself
(c) to take training
(d) to be polite
Answer.
(a) to be well-mannered

Question 2.
The child stops speaking when asked
(a) to remain silent
(b) not to interrupt
(c) to start speaking
(d) not to shout
Answer.
(b) not to interrupt

Question 3.
The above lines are addressed to
(a) the audience
(b) the readers
(c) the adults
(d) the children
Answer.
(d) the children

Question 4.
In the above lines, the speaker is
(a) true
(b) false
(c) partially wrong
(d) partially correct
Answer.
(a) true

Question 5.
The speaker does not allow
(a) liberty in any action
(b) the child to speak himself
(c) that he should use his own brain
(d) the child to remain quiet
Answer.
(a) liberty in any action

Question 6.
When there is no liberty, the child cannot
(a) do his very best
(b) make his own decision
(c) satisfy his desire of excelling
(d) work to the maximum
Answer.
(b) make his own decision

TEXTUAL QUESTIONS
(Page 70)

Working with the Poem

Question 1.
Discuss these questions in small groups before you answer them.
(i) When is a grown-up likely to say this ?
Don’t talk with your mouth full.
(ii) When are you likely to be told this ?
Say thank you.
(iii) When do you think an adult would say this ?
No one thinks you are funny.
Answer.
(i) A grown-up is likely to say this when the child speaks loudly.
(ii) When the child is given something, he is likely to be told “Say thank you”.
(iii) An adult would say these words when the child is trying to catch attention.

Question 2.
The last two lines of the poem are not prohibitions or instructions. What is the adult now asking the child to do ? Do you think the poet is suggesting that this is unreasonable ? Why?
Answer.
In these lines, the adult is asking the child to behave like an adult. The poet is rightly suggesting that this is most unreasonable. The truth is that the child is not allowed to make up his/her own mind.

Question 3.
Why do you think grown-ups say the kind of things mentioned in the poem ? Is it important that they teach children good manners, and how to behave in public ?
Answer.
The grown-ups say such things with different intentions. Many a time, they are trying to teach children good manners. They tell him how to behave in public. They consider it their duty to do so. It is very important for them.

Question 4.
If you had to make some rules for grown-ups to follow, what would you say ? Make at least five such rules. Arrange the lines as in a poem.
Answer.
Rules for the grown ups :
(i) Don’t talk to your child loudly.
(ii) Listen to him when he says something.
(iii) Take him with you whenever you go to a party.
(iv) Ask him his preference about food.
(v) Don’t disturb him during his favourite TV programme.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English Honeycomb Poem Chapter 4 Chivvy help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English Honeycomb Poem Chapter 4 Chivvy, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English An Alien Hand Chapter 10 An Alien Hand are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English An Alien Hand Chapter 10 An Alien Hand.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 7
Subject	English An Alien Hand
Chapter	Chapter 10
Chapter Name	An Alien Hand
Number of Questions Solved	14
Category	NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English An Alien Hand Chapter 10 An Alien Hand

TEXTUAL QUESTIONS
Comprehension Check
(Page 69)

Question 1.
How does Tilloo manage to find his way to the ‘forbidden passage’ ?
Answer:
Tilloo’s daddy was allowed to go through the forbidden passage. One day while he was sleeping, Tilloo managed to get hold of his identity card. Then he walked towards the forbidden passage. When the metal door barred his entry, he put the card into a slot. The door opened. Thus Tilloo managed to find his way to the forbidden passage.

Question 2.
What did Tilloo hope to see once he emerged from his underground home ?
Answer:
After emerging from his underground home, Tilloo hoped to see the sun or the stars.

Question 3.
Why did Tilloo’s father advise him not to try to reach the surface of the planet ?
Answer:
Tilloo’s father advised him not to try to reach the surface of the planet. He told him that he would not be able to survive in the thin air and low temperature existing on the surface of the planet.

Question 4.
What changes had occurred, which forced people to live in underground homes ?
Answer:
The sun turned hostile. The air became too thin to breathe. The temperature became so low that human beings could freeze to death.

Comprehension Check
(Page 71)

Question 1.
Why was everyone in the Control Room greatly excited ?
Answer:
Everyone in the Control Room was greatly excited because they had seen two spacecrafts coming towards their planet.

Question 2.
Was the spacecraft manned or unmanned ? How do you know it ?
Answer:
The spacecraft was unmanned. Number One who was in charge of defence told the people in the Control Room that he had reports. These reports said that the spacecrafts contained only instruments.

Question 3.
What did Number One and Number Two suggest should be done about the alien spacecraft ?
Answer:
Number One and Number Two suggested non-interference and passive observance in matters of the alien spacecraft.

Comprehension Check
(Page 73)

Question 1.
What do you think the mechanical hand was trying to do ?
Answer:
The mechanical hand was trying to collect samples of soil from the Martian surface.

Question 2.
Tilloo pressed the red button and “the damage was done.” What was the damage ?
Answer:
The damage was that the mechanical hand had ceased working. It had become inactive.

Question 3.
Where had the spacecraft come from ?
Answer:
The spacecraft had come from the planet earth. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) of America had sent it.

Question 4.
On which planet do Tilloo and his parents live ?
Answer:
Tilloo and his parents live on the planet earth.

EXERCISES
(Page 73)

Discuss the following topics in groups.
Question 1.
If you had to live in a home like Tilloo’s, what parts of life would you find most difficult ? What compensations might there be ?
Answer:
Living in a home like Tilloo’s, childhood must be the most difficult part of life. Living underground one cannot expect lush green parks and tall trees where children can enjoy themselves. One may also not get the variety of food that we get now.
The compensation can be the safety and security. The cruelties of the weather may never be experienced there.

Question 2.
What, if anything, might drive mankind to make their homes underground ?
Answer:
If the sun grows cold and is not able to give us as much heat as it gives today, the earth will become very cold. In that case all living beings will find it difficult to survive. All water will turn to ice—making the marine life also impossible. In that case mankind might make their homes underground.

Question 3.
Do you think there is life on other planets ? Can you guess what kind of people there may be on them ? In what ways are they likely to be different from us ?
Answer:
It is possible that there may be life on other planets. The kind of people will depend on the kind of environment there. They are likely to be quite different from us because every planet seems to have its unique environment.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English An Alien Hand Chapter 10 An Alien Hand help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English An Alien Hand Chapter 10 An Alien Hand, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English Honeycomb Chapter 5 Quality are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English Honeycomb Chapter 5 Quality.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 7
Subject	English Honeycomb
Chapter	Chapter 5
Chapter Name	Quality
Number of Questions Solved	25
Category	NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English Honeycomb Chapter 5 Quality

IMPORTANT PASSAGES FOR COMPREHENSION

Read the following extracts and answer the questions that follow by choosing the correct option :
Question 1.
It was not possible to go to him very often-his boots lasted terribly, having something beyond the temporary, some essence of boot stitched into them.      (Page 71-72)
Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
The infrequent visits by author were due to
(a) Gessler’s shoes lasted long
(b) the author did not get time
(c) the father kept busy
(d) Gessler’s shoes were of bad quality
Answer.
(a) Gessler’s shoes lasted long

Question 2.
The shoes making (for Mr. Gessler) was
(a) a difficult task
(b) an easy task
(c) an art
(d) quite expensive
Answer.
(c) an art

Question 3.
‘essence’ here means
(a) distinctive feature
(b) substance
(c) concentrate
(d) important
Answer.
(b) substance

Question 2.
He took my order without showing me any leather and I could feel his eyes penetrating the inferior covering of my foot.                                              (Page 74)
Questions.

1.  Who is ‘he’ in the above sentence ?
2.  What were his eyes doing ?
3.  Why had the author gone to him ?

Answers.

1.  In this sentence, ‘he’ refers to Mr. Gessler, one of the two brothers who owned the shoe-shop.
2.  His eyes were looking intently at the author’s shoes.
3.  The author had gone to him to place his order for new shoes.

Question 3.
And looking at his lined face, I saw things I had never noticed before,      (Page 75)
Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
The lined face showed
(a) his satisfaction for
(b) the struggle for survival advertisements
(c) his problems
(d) the lines on his face
Answer.
(b) the struggle for survival

Question 2.
The author could guess that Mr. Gessler was not in favour of
(a) big firms
(b) advertisements by big firms
(c) good quality
(d) bad quality
Answer.
(b) advertisements by big firms

Question 3.
In modern times, the big firms
(a) get good business in summers
(b) are cheating the people
(c) have employed advertisers
(d) are minting money
Answer.
(b) are cheating the people

Question 4.
“poor old man starved himself. Slow starvation, the doctor called it. You see he went to work in such a way.”          (Page 77)
Questions.

1.  Who is the ‘poor old man’ ?
2.  How did he die ?
3.  Name the lesson from which these lines have been taken.

Answers.

1.  The poor old man refers to the younger of the two Gessler brothers.
2.  He died of slow starvation.
3.  The name of the lesson is ‘Quality’.

Question 5.
He lost everybody. And there he’d sit, going on and on. I will say that for him not a man in London made a better boot.
Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
These lines are spoken by
(a) a young English man
(b) the younger brother
(c) the elder brother
(d) the company manager
Answer.
(a) a young English man

Question 2.
‘everybody’ refers to
(a) people/customers
(b) brother
(c) associates
(d) friends
Answer.
(a) people/customers

Question 3.
‘He took long time to execute his order’ shows
(a) he was slow
(b) his insistence on quality
(c) his failure
(d) his physical inability
Answer.
(b) his insistence on quality

TEXTUAL QUESTIONS
(Page 78)

Working with the Text

Answer the following Questions :
Question 1.
What was the author’s opinion about Mr. Gessler as a bootmaker ?  (V. Imp.)
Answer.
The author had a very high opinion of Mr. Gessler as a bootmaker. The boots made by them lasted very long. He got his first boots made by them when he was fourteen. He called their boots mysterious and wonderful. He agreed with Mr. Gessler who said that making such boots was an art.

Question 2.
Why did the author visit the shop so infrequently?   (Imp.)
Answer.
The author visited his shop very infrequently. It was because the boots he made lasted very long. They never seemed temporary. It seemed as if it were essence of boots stitched into them.

Question 3.
What was the effect on Mr. Gessler of the author’s remark about a certain pair of boots ?
Answer.
Once the author told Mr. Gessler that a certain pair of his boots creaked. At first Mr. Gessler found it difficult to believe. However, the author repeated his complaint. At this he asked him to send that pair back. He promised to either mend it or to take it off from the bill. The author felt that he should not have mentioned that pair. Mr. Gessler had felt very shocked by the complaint.

Question 4.
What was Mr. Gessler’s complaint against “big firms” ?
Answer.
Mr. Gessler’s complaint about the big firms was that they took away all his business. They did so not by virtue of their work but by advertisement. He was full of resentment against them. He said that these firms had no self-respect. Their boots often hurt the customers.

Question 5.
Why did the author order so many pairs of boots ? Did he really need them ?
Answer.
The author ordered many pairs of boots because he felt pity for the bootmaker. He knew that his boots were the best in quality. Yet the man was dying of starvation. So the author ordered several boots although he did not need them.

Working with Language

Question 1.
Study the following phrases and their meanings. Use them appropriately to complete the sentences that follow.
look after                     :   take care of
look down on              :   disapprove or regard as inferior
look in (on someone)  :   make a short visit
look into                      :   investigate
look out                       :   be careful
look up                        :   improve
look up to                    :   admire
(i) After a very long spell of heat, the weather is …….. at last.
(ii) We have no right to ………. people who do small jobs.
(iii) Nitin has always …… his uncle, who is a self-made man.
(iv) The police are ……. the matter thoroughly.
(v) If you want to go out, I will ……….. the children for you.
(vi) I promise to ……….. on your brother when I visit Lucknow next.
(vii) ………. when you are crossing the main road.
Answers.

1.  looking up
2.  look down on
3.  looked up to
4.  looking into
5.  look after
6.  look in
7.  Look out

Question 2.
Read the following sets of words loudly and clearly.

Answer.
Students should read these words themselves loudly and clearly.

Question 3.
Each of the following words contains the sound ‘sh’ (as in shine) in the beginning or in the middle or at the end. First speak out all the words clearly. Then arrange the words in three groups in the table below.

Answers.
Students should read these words first and then complete the table as follows:

Question 4.
In each of the following words ‘ch’ represents the same consonant sound as in
‘chair’. The words on the left have this sound initially. Those on the right have it finally. Speak each word clearly.

Underline the letters representing this sound in each of the following words.

1.  feature
2.  archery
3.  picture
4.  reaching
5.  nature
6.  matches
7.  riches
8.  batch
9.  church

Answers.
Students should read these words themselves. Then mark the following underlined letters which represent ‘ch’ sound :

1.  feature
2.  archery
3.  picture
4.  reaching
5.  nature
6.  matches
7.  riches
8.  batch
9.  church

Speaking

Question 1.
Do you think Mr Gessler was a failure as a bootmaker or as a competitive
businessman ?
Answer.
I think Mr Gessler was a successful bootmaker. His boots were known for their quality. People waited for long for his boots. But as a competitive businessman he was a complete failure. He never made any advertisement. He took his own time in the making of boots. So he delivered the orders very late. People lost patience. It made his business flop.

Question 2.
What is the significance of the title ? To whom or to what does it refer ?
Answer.
The title ‘Quality’ is significant because this refers to the theme of the story. The whole story says that the modern age is the age of quantity and not quality. Those who produce much in quick time get success. On the other hand those who bother about the quality as Mr. Gessler did, fail. So ‘Quality’ is a very apt title for this story.

Question 3.
• Notice the way Mr Gessler speaks English. His English is influenced by his mother tongue. He speaks English with an accent.
• When Mr Gessler speaks, p, t, k, sound like b, d, g. Can you say these words as Mr Gessler would say them ?
It comes and never stops. Does it bother me ? Not at all.
Ask my brother, please.
Answers.
• Mr Gessler speaks English with the accent of his mother tongue. It appears to be funny sometimes.
• Mr Gessler would say the following line in the following way :
Id comes and never sdobs. Does id bother me ? Nod ad all. Asg my brother
blease.

Question 4.
Speak to five adults in your neighbourhood. Ask them the following questions (in any language they are comfortable in). Then come back and share your findings with the class.
(i) Do they buy their provisions packed in plastic packets at a big store, or loose, from a smaller store near their house ?
(ii) Where do they buy their footwear ? Do they buy branded footwear, or foot wear made locally ? What reasons do they have for their preference ?
(iii) Do they buy ready-made clothes, or buy cloth and get their clothes stitched by a tailor ? Which do they think is better?
Answers.

1.  No they don’t prefer to buy their provisions packed in packets at a big store. There are only a few who buy packed items. Most of them prefer loose items from smaller stores near their house.
2.  They buy their footwear from local cobbler. They prefer handmade shoes. They are a few who prefer branded shoes from Bata stores.
3.  They buy clothes and get them stitched by tailor. They think that ready made clothes are costly and not long-lasting.

Question 5.
Look at the picture below.
Let pairs of students talk to each other about leaving the country. One student repeats Ajit’s statement. The other gives a reason for not agreeing with Ajit. The sentence openings given below should be used.
• If I leave this country. I’ll miss …
• There are some things which you can get only here, for example…

• There are some special days I’ll miss, particularly…
• Most of all I’ll miss…because…
• I think it’s impossible for me to leave my country because…
• How can you leave your own country except when… ?
• Depends on one’s intention. I can’t leave for good because…
• Maybe for a couple of years…
Answers.
For discussion at class level. One sample answer is given below :
A discussion between Rakesh and Rohit :
Rakesh    :  Hello Rohit ! Now I have decided to go abroad for higher studies.
Rohit       :  Thank God. At last you have decided it. But I don’t think so.
Rakesh    :  In fact I feel studying abroad is more fruitful. It gives perfection.
Rohit       :  I don’t agree to it. I feel there are institutions in India also which are perfect.
Rakesh    :  No I don’t feel so. No doubt, I love my country. I know when I leave I’ll miss my friends and Indian culture. Indian love and relationship is rare.
Rohit       :  I shall never think to leave my country. Indian festivals are great for me.
Rakesh    :  Leaving one’s country depends upon one’s intention. I want to go abroad for studies. I’ll stay there for only a couple of years.
Rohit       : Thanks for your good intention and love for country. I wish my best for you.

Writing

Question 1.
Based on the following points write a story.
• Your aunt has gone to her mother’s house.
• Your uncle does his cooking.
• He is absent-minded.
• He puts vegetables on the stove.
• He begins to clean his bicycle outside.
• The neighbour calls out saying something is burning.
• Your uncle rushes to the kitchen.
• To save vegetables, he puts some oil on them.
• Unfortunately, it’s machine oil, not cooking oil.
• What do you think happens to the vegetables ?
Begin like this :
Last month my aunt decided to visit her parents…
Answer.
Last month my aunt went to visit her parents. In her absence my uncle began cooking. Uncle was absent-minded. First he began with vegetable. He put it on the stove in a pot. But he forgot it instantly. He began cleaning his bicycle. He was alerted by the neighbour about something burning. The uncle rushed to the kitchen. He poured machine oil instead of cooking oil in the vegetable. It was completely spoiled. My uncle created a very confusing scene all around.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English Honeycomb Chapter 5 Quality help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English Honeycomb Chapter 5 Quality, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 6 Understanding Media are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 6 Understanding Media.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 7
Subject	Social Science Civics
Chapter	Chapter 6
Chapter Name	Understanding Media
Number of Questions Solved	17
Category	NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 6 Understanding Media

NCERT TEXTBOOK EXERCISES

Question 1.
In what ways does the media play an important role in a democracy?
Answer.
Media plays an important role in a democracy in the following ways:

1. It provides information about the working of and decisions taken by the government for the welfare of the citizen.
2. It also makes the government aware of the public reactions to its working and / decisions.
3. It discusses different events of public interest in detail taking place in the country and all over the world.

Question 2.
Can you give this diagram a title? What do you understand about the link between media and big business from this diagram?

Answer.

1. Title to the diagram:
   Media and Big Business Houses.
2. The link between media and Big Business:
   There is a strong link between media and big business/business house because of the following reasons:
   • Most of the media (Newspapers, magazines, news channels) are owned by big business houses. e.g., Hindustan Times by Birla group.
   • Big business houses finance the media in a big way.
   • They pay heavy amounts to the media for their advertisements.
   • They provide political, financial, social, and moral support.
   • In return, the media propagates its policies and programmes.
   • They publish and advertise their products.

Question 3.
You have read about the ways in which the media ‘sets the agenda’. What kind of effect does this have in a democracy? Provide two examples to support your point of view.
Answer.
Media, the fourth pillar of democracy, sets the agenda to focus on the issue of public interest. This agenda sometimes has positive effects on a. democracy. For example,
(1) Media published reports about alarming levels of pesticides in Cola drinks. The media declared this fact despite the government’s resistance that Cola drinks were unsafe. Thus, the media’s agenda helped us by focusing on an issue that affects our lives.

(2) The media sometimes fails to set agenda to raise issues significant in democracy. For example, it publishes a wide coverage about the ‘World Cup’ but at the same time it does not give attention towards the issue like drinking water as a major problem, the people are facing.

Question 4.
As a class project, decide to focus on a particular news topic and cut out stories from different newspapers on this. Also, watch the coverage of this topic on TV news. Compare two newspapers and write down the similarity and differences in their reports. It might help to ask the following questions:
(a) What information is this article providing?
(b) What information is it leaving out?
(c) From whose point of view is the article being written?
(d) Whose point of view is being left out and why?
Times of India, March 11, 2007


Answer.
(a) Particular News: March 11, 2007
Times of India                                                                Metro Now
“Cop guarding Bank Vault                              “What pushed Lepcha off the Edge.”
goes berserk, kills 5 mates.”

(b)
(i) Information
A Sikkim Police constable deputed                       Nari Lepcha kills 5 mates
at Darya Ganj, Dena Bank Branch kills 5
mates to escape unnatural sex acts.
(ii) Information leaving out
Attempt to repeat the unnatural acts.                        The motive of murder not yet clear.

(c) Point of view
General public                                                              General public

(d) Point of view is left out
Police                                                                                 Police

INTEXT QUESTIONS

Question 1.
Look at the college and list six various kinds of media that you see. (NCERT Page 71)
Answer.

• Radio.
• Television.
• DVD.
• Transistor.
• Computer.
• Internet.
• Newspapers, magazines.
• Periodicals.

Question 2.
Ask older members of your family about what they used to listen to on the radio when there was no TV around. Find out from them when the first TV came to your area. When was cable TV introduced? (NCERT Page 71)
Answer.

1. They used to listen to following programmes on the radio when there was no television around.
   • Radio Ceylon
     • Ap Hi Ke Geet  (आप ही के गीत )
     • Binaca Geet Mala ( बिनाका गीत माला )
   • Vividh Bharati
     • Hawa Mahal ( हवा महल )
     • Man Chahe Geet ( मन चाहे गीत )
2. The first TV came in 1984 in our area.
3. Cable TV was introduced in 1990 in our area.

Question 3.
How many people in your neighbourhood use the internet? (NCERT Page 71)
Answer.
Most of them.

Question 4.
List three things that you know about some other part of the world from watching television. (NCERT Page 71)
Answer.

1. Earthquake in Nepal.
2. Tornado in Oklahoma, May 2013, the disappearance of aeroplane MH370.
3. Cannes film festival, 2013.

Question 5.
Can you list three different products that are advertised on your favourite TV programme? (NCERT Page 72)
Answer.
Yes, Tea, clothes, Snacks, Cold drinks.

Question 6.
Take a newspaper and count the number of advertisements in it. Some people say that newspapers have too many advertisements. Do you think this is true and why? (NCERT Page 72)
Answer.

1. Hindustan Times.
2. Number of advertisements: 70
3. Some people say correctly but it is necessary otherwise the cost of the newspaper will be so much that most people would not be able to buy newspapers.

Question 7.
Are the above stories in the two newspapers similar? And if not, why not? What, in your view, are the similarities and differences? (NCERT Page 74)
Answer.
No, they are not similar. A news report in the News of India report, the story is about the crackdown on polluting factories while in the Indian Daily Report, the story is about the closure of factories which led to unrest.
Differences

1. A report in the News India Report says that closure will result in a clean and green city.
2. The closure will lead to unemployment in Indian Daily Report.
3. Relocation must be done.
4. The places of relocation have no facilities.

Similarities

1. Both the reports/stories are related to factories.
2. Both reports indicate protests by owners and workers of the factories.
3. Relocation has been dealt with in both reports.

Question 8.
If you read the story in the News of India, what would you think about the issue? ‘ (NCERT Page 74)
Answer.
The issue is the pollution caused by polluting factories.

1. Factory owners and workers protested violently against the crackdown on polluting industries.
2. The government had already declared these industries illegal.
3. But it acted hastily to close them down.
4. In view of the clean and green city, it is necessary to close them down.

Question 9.
Do you think it is important to know both sides of the story? Why? (NCERT Page 75)
Answer.
Yes, because only then we can form a balanced opinion about an issue.

Question 10.
Pretend that you are a journalist for a newspaper and write a balanced story from the two news reports. (NCERT Page 75)
Answer.
Balanced Story

1. The government orders closure of polluting factories in the city. The pollution had already assumed alarming proportions.
2. Factory owners and workers protested violently against the closure. The city life came to a standstill.
3. For a clean and green city, the closure of factories was essential.
4. The government should have relocated the factories to suitable locations with a proper time frame.

Question 11.
What does TV do to us and what can we do with TV? (NCERT Page 75)
Answer.

1. In many of our houses, TV is always on.
2. We form an impression about the world around us by seeing the TV7.
3. It is like a ‘window to the world’.
4. TV has different types of programs like movies, soap operas, game shows, reality TV shows like News, sports, and cartoons.
5. Before, in between, and after each programme there are advertisements.
6. TV shapes our views of the world, our beliefs, attitudes, and values.
7. It gives us a partial view of the world.
8. While we enjoy our favourite programmes, we should always be aware of the large exciting world beyond our TV screens. There are so many happenings beyond the TV.
9. There is a world beyond film stars, celebrities, and rich lifestyle, a world that all of us need to reach out to and respond to in various ways.
10. We need to be active viewers, who question whatever we see and hear, while we may enjoy it too.

Question 12.
What is the consequence of the media ‘setting the agenda’ by reporting on the Fashion Week rather than the slum demolitions? (NCERT Page 77)
Answer.
They earn huge amounts of money from the fashion week.

Question 13.
Can you think of an issue that does not seem important to you because it is never featured in the media? (NCERT Page 77)
Answer.

1. Rising prices of essential commodities, and
2. Rising crime graph in metropolitan cities.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 6 Understanding Media help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 6 Understanding Media, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English Honeycomb Poem Chapter 3 The Shed are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English Honeycomb Poem Chapter 3 The Shed.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 7
Subject	English Honeycomb (Poem)
Chapter	Chapter 3
Chapter Name	The Shed
Number of Questions Solved	6
Category	NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English Honeycomb Poem Chapter 3 The Shed

STANZAS FOR COMPREHENSION

Read the following extracts and answer the questions that follow by choosing the correct option :
Question 1.
There’s a shed at the bottom of our garden
With a spider’s web hanging across the door,
The hinges are rusty and creak in the wind.
When I’m in bed I lie and I listen,
I’ll open that door one day.
(Page 48)
Word-Notes : Shed-an old store house, एक पुराना स्टोर घर। At the bottom of-in the lowest part, सबसे निचले भाग में। Spider’s web-मकड़ी का जला। Hanging-suspended in the air, हवा में लटका हुआ। Across-from one side to the other, आर-पार/एक सिरे से दूसरे सिरे तक। Hinges-joints, कब्जे। Rusty–having rust, जंग लगे। Creak-make a harsh sound, चरमराते हैं।

हिन्दी अनुवाद : हमारे बगीचे के निचले भाग में एक स्टोर है जिसमें दरवाजे के एक सिरे से लेकर दूसरे सिरे तक एक मकड़ी का जाला लटक रहा है, (दरवाजे के) कब्जों में जंग लग चुकी है और वे हवा में चरमराते हैं। बिस्तर में लेटा मैं सुनता रहता हूँ, एक दिन मैं दरवाजा खोलूंगा।

Paraphrase : The location of the shed is at the bottom of the garden. A spider’s web is seen hanging across the door. When the wind blows, the creaking sound of the rusty hinges attracts the poet’s attention. The poet is in a relaxed mood as he is now in bed and plans to satisfy his curiosity to see what is hidden inside the shed.

Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
The shed is located at
(a) the end of the garden
(b) the lower point
(c) the tip point
(d) the point of the garden
Answer.
(d) the point of the garden

Question 2.
The shed has remained
(a) unattended
(b) locked for long
(c) unpainted
(d) dusty
Answer.
(b) locked for long

Question 3.
Across the door, one can see
(a) a rusty chain
(b) a painting
(c) paper frills
(d) the web of a spider
Answer.
(d) the web of a spider

Question 2.
There’s dusty old window around at the side
With three cracked panes of glass.
I often think there’s someone staring at me
Each time that I pass,
I’ll peep through that window one day.
(Page 49)
Word-Notes : Dusty-covered with dust, धूल भरी। Around-close, निकट। Cracked-broken, टूटी। Panes—windowpanes, खिड़की के शीशे। Staring-looking intently, घूर रहा। Peep-look through, झांकना।

हिन्दी अनुवाद : एक तरफ एक धूल भरी पुरानी खिड़की है जिसके तीन शीशे टूटे (चटके) हुए हैं। अक्सर मुझे लगता है कि कोई मेरी ओर घूर कर देख रहा है। ऐसा हर बार होता है जब मैं उधर से गुजरता हूँ एक दिन मैं इस खिड़की से अंदर झाँचूँगा।

Paraphrase : The window that is quite old is covered with dust. Even the three glass panes are seen cracked. The poet thinks that someone is staring at him whenever he happens to pass the shed. He is sure that one day he will peep through the broken window to satisfy his curiosity.
Questions.

1. What is being described in the above passage ?
2. What does the third line show about the speaker’s mind ?
3. Do you think the place is of daily use ? Give a reason for your answer.

Answers.

1. An old shed in the garden is described here.
2. The third line shows that there is fear in the speaker’s mind.
3. No the place is not of daily use. The fact that the old window was dusty and had three cracked panes, reveals it.

Question 3.
My brother says there’s a ghost in the shed
Who hides under the rotten floorboards,
And if I ever dare to set foot inside
He’ll jump out and chop off my head,
But I’ll take a peek one day.
(Page 49)
Word-Notes : Ghost-spirit, भूत। Hides conceals, छिपाता है। Rotten-decomposed, सड़े हुए। Floorboards-the wooden covering of the floor, फर्श पर लगी लकड़ी। Dare-have courage, हिम्मत करना। To set foot-to step in, पैर रखना। Chop off-cut and separate, काट कर अलग करना। Take a peek-look in, अंदर झांकना।

हिन्दी अनुवाद : मेरा भाई कहता है कि स्टोर के अंदर एक भूत है जो फर्श की सड़ी लकड़ी के अंदर छिपा हुआ है, और अगर मैंने कभी अंदर जाने की हिम्मत की तो वह कूद कर बाहर आ जायेगा और मेरा सिर काटकर अलग कर देगा, पर मैं एक दिन अंदर देखेंगा ज़रूर।।

Paraphrase : The poet’s brother tells him that there is a ghost in the shed who lives under the rotten floor boards. If the poet accidentally steps over them, the ghost will jump out and cut off his head. The poet is partially frightened but he does not completely believe his brother and has a plan to look through the broken window one day.

Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
The ghost lives under the wooden covering
(a) of the board
(b) of the shed
(c) of the door
(d) of the floor
Answer.
(d) of the floor

Question 2.
It will jump out to
(a) injure him
(b) kill him
(c) cut off the poet’s head
(d) shake hands
Answer.
(c) cut off the poet’s head

Question 3.
‘Dare to set foot inside’ means
(a) go inside
(b) to open the window
(c) put one foot forward
(d) daring act
Answer.
(a) go inside

Question 4.
I know that there isn’t really a ghost,
My brother tells lies to keep the shed for his den;
There isn’t anyone staring or making strange noises
And the spider has been gone from his web
Since I don’t know when,
I’ll go into that shed one day soon,
But not just yet…
(Page 49)
Word-Notes : Keep-have, रखना। Den-lair/a place to hide, माँद /छिपने की जगह/एकांत निजी स्थान। Not just yet-not now, अभी नहीं।

हिन्दी अनुवाद : मैं जानता हूँ कि वास्तव में भूत नहीं होता है, स्टोर को अपने अधिकार में रखने के लिए मेरा भाई झुठ बोलता है ; न तो कोई घूर रहा है और न ही विचित्र-विचित्र आवाजें कर रहा है और मकड़ी, मुझे नहीं पता कब, अपना जाल छोड़कर वहाँ से चली गयी है। मैं एक दिन स्टोर में जरूर जाऊँगा, पर अभी तो नहीं…..

Paraphrase : The poet is aware of the clever designs of his brother who tells him not to enter the store because there is a ghost who lives there. He tells lies so that he could have the shed for himself. The poet knows well that there is no one in the shed who is staring at the poet or is making strange noises. He has also observed that even the spider has left its web but he is not sure of the time of its relinquishing it. He does not plan to enter the shed in the present but will certainly do that in the future.
Questions.

1.  What does the speaker’s brother tell him ?
2.  Why does he tell a lie ?
3.  Do you think that the speaker has really no fear or is he simply trying to be courageous ?

Answers.

1.  The speaker’s brother tells him that there is a ghost inside the shed.
2.  He tells a lie to keep the speaker away from the shed.
3.  In fact, the speaker has fear on his mind. In the second stanza he has said that some
   one seems to be staring at him from the shed. So in this stanza, he is trying to fight his fear and be courageous.

TEXTUAL QUESTIONS
(Page 49)

Working with the Poem

Question 1.
Answer the following questions :
(i) Who is the speaker in the poem ?
(ii) Is she/he afraid or curious, or both ?   (Imp.)
(iii) What is she/he planning to do soon ?
(iv) “But not just yet…” suggests doubt, fear, hesitation, laziness or something else. Choose the word which seems right to you. Tell others why you chose it.
Answer.
(i) A child is the speaker in the poem.
(ii) She/he is both, afraid and curious.
(iii) She/he is planning to look into the shed soon.
(iv) The phrase suggests hesitation. He hesitates to expose his brother. He wants to keep him away from the shed.

Question 2.
Is there a room in your house or a house in your neighbourhood/locality where you would rather not go alone, and never at night ? If there is such a place and a story to go with it, let others hear all about it.
Answer.
There is no such place in my neighbourhood.
                                               

Or

I live in a village. There are some ruins of a very old building in our neighbourhood. Nobody knows how old these ruins are but people are afraid to go into it even during the day. We children have been particularly warned not to go there. At night even the village policeman doesn’t go anywhere close to it. They say it is a haunted house and strange things happen there at night.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English Honeycomb Poem Chapter 3 The Shed help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English Honeycomb Poem Chapter 3 The Shed, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English An Alien Hand Chapter 7 Chandni are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English An Alien Hand Chapter 7 Chandni.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 7
Subject	English An Alien Hand
Chapter	Chapter 7
Chapter Name	Chandni
Number of Questions Solved	11
Category	NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English An Alien Hand Chapter 7 Chandni

TEXTUAL QUESTIONS
Comprehension Cheek
(Page 45)

Question 1.
Why did Abbu Khan’s goats want to run away ? What happened to them in the hills ?
Answer:
Abbu Khan’s goats were of the best hill-breed. Goats in the hilly regions hate being tied. They love freedom. So his goats ran away. In the hills, there lived an old wolf. They were eaten up by him.

Question 2.
Abbu Khan said, “No more goats in my house ever again,” Then he changed his mind. Why ?
Answer:
Abbu Khan was very sad when all his goats were gone. So he said, “No more goats in my house ever again.” But after a few days he began to feel lonely. He felt he could not live without his pets. So he changed his mind and bought a young goat.

Question 3.
Why did he buy a young goat ?
Answer:
Abbu Khan bought a young goat thinking it would stay with him much longer. He wanted to love that goat so much that it would never go away. So he bought a pretty young goat.

Comprehension Check
(Page 49)

Question 1.
Why did Chandni hate the rope round her neck ?
Answer:
Chandni wanted to run to the hills. She tried but the rope would stop her. So Chandni hated the rope round her neck.

Question 2.
“Now Abbu Khan understood Chandni’s problem…” What was Chandni’s problem ?
Answer:
Chandni’s problem was her love for freedom. She wanted to run up the hills.

Question 3.
Abbu Khan pushed Chandni into a small hut. This shows that he
(i) was cruel.
(ii) loved her and wanted to save her life.
(iii) was selfish.
Answer:
(ii) loved her and wanted to save her life.

Comprehension Check
(Page 51)

Question 1.
why did Chandni refuse to join the group of wild goats ? (Imp.)
Answer:
Chandni refused to join the group of wild goats because she wanted to enjoy her new freedom by herself.

Question 2.
Chandni fought the wolf because she
(i) was stronger than the wolf.
(ii) hated the wolf.
(iii) had to retain her freedom at all costs.
Answer:
(iii) had to retain her freedom at all costs.

EXERCISES
(Page 42)

Discuss the following topics in groups.
Question 1.
Why did the wise old bird say, “Chandni is the winner” ?
Answer:
The wise old bird said that Chandni was the winner. The bird said so because Chandni wanted to retain her freedom at all costs. In this aim of hers, she succeeded. So the bird was right when she said that Chandni was the winner.

Question 2.
“Death in an open field is better than life in a small hut,” Chandni said to herself. Was it the right decision ? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
This statement is the moral of the stoiy. Yet it is difficult to completely agree with it. Life is valuable and so is the freedom. But there can be no freedom without life. So as far as possible one must try to protect one’s freedom. It does not mean that we should knowingly walk to death. Chandni could return to the hut on seeing the wolf. She could have come to the hills next morning. In fact life is like walking on the razor’s edge. One must keep a balance. In order to walk straight you have to bend sometimes on left, sometimes on right.

Question 3.
Freedom is life. Discuss this with reference to ‘Chandni’ and ‘I Want Something in a Cage’.
Answer:
It is indeed very true that freedom is life. Both these stories ‘Chandni’ and ‘I Want Something in a Cage’, show it. In both these stories, this feeling has been expressed through the animals. In ‘Chandni’ it is expressed through goats. In ‘I Want Something in a Cage’ the same feeling has been expressed by a pair of doves. The authors suggest that not only human beings love freedom. Even animals and birds can give their all for getting their freedom.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English An Alien Hand Chapter 7 Chandni help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English An Alien Hand Chapter 7 Chandni, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 3 How the State Government Works are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 3 How the State Government Works.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 7
Subject	Social Science Civics
Chapter	Chapter 3
Chapter Name	How the State Government Works
Number of Questions Solved	20
Category	NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 3 How the State Government Works

NCERT TEXTBOOK EXERCISES

Question 1.
Use the terms ‘constituency’ and ‘represent’ to explain who an MLA is and how is the person elected?
Answer.

1. The entire state is divided into constituencies equal to the number of seats in the State Legislature Assembly.
2. The voters of each constituency cast their votes in favour of the candidates of their choice.
3. The candidate who secures the highest number of votes gets elected as an MLA and represents the constituency in the legislative r assembly of the State.

Question 2.
How did some MLAs become Ministers? Explain.
Answer.

1. The Party which obtains more than 50 percent of total seats in an Assembly is termed as the ruling party.
2. The ruling party members {MLAs) choose their leader.
   • The leader is the leader of the ruling party.
   • The Governor appoints and gives an oath to the leader as Chief Minister.
   • The Chief Minister forms the cabinet by nominating ministers from among the ruling party MLAs or from outside, from among the party members.
   • He sends the names of the ministers to the Governor who appoints them as ministers.
   • The Governor then gives an oath to these ministers.

Question 3.
Why should decisions are taken by the Chief Minister and other ministers be debated in the Legislative Assembly?
Answer.

1. In a democracy, all Government decisions must be approved by the people.
2. The people cannot do this directly, so their representatives in the Legislative Assembly approve or disapprove the decisions taken by the Chief Minister and other ministers after taking part in a debate on the issues.

Question 4.
What was the problem in Patalpuram? What discussion/action was taken by the following? Fill in the table.

Answer.
The problem in Patalpuram was that diarrhea had broken out in the city. The discussion/decision taken by the following:

Question 5.
What is the difference between the work that MLAs do in the Assembly and the work done by government departments?
Answer.
Difference between the work that MLAs do in the Assembly and the work done by the government departments:

1. MLAs raise the issues in the Assembly and want a solution to the problems facing the masses. They also make decisions.
2. Government departments implement the decisions taken by the Assembly.

INTEXT QUESTIONS

Question 1.
What is happening in Patalpuram? (NCERT Page 31)
Answer.
People are facing acute water shortages. Due to unclean water diarrhea has spread. Children are the worst affected.

Question 2.
Why is this problem serious? (NCERT Page 31)
Answer.
This problem is serious as numerous people are dying daily due to diarrhea.

Question 3.
What action do you think can be taken in the above situation and who do you think should take this action? Discuss. (NCERT Page 31)
Answer.
Health services should be improved immediately. The Health Department should provide mobile health services to the people at once. Proper sanitation drive can be carried out. Clean drinking water should be made available.

Question 4.
Discuss the following terms with your teacher—
The public meeting, States in India, constituency, majority, the ruling party, and opposition. (NCERT Page 32)
Answer.

1. Public meeting: Meeting of the general public/people about current problems.
2. Constituency: Area represented by MLA or MP.
3. Majority: Representatives having more than 50% of members (MLAs or MPs).
4. Ruling Party: Party or parties which rule the state or the country (with more than 50%) of the total strength of the house.
5. Opposition: Parties with less than 50% majority.

Question 5.
Can you explain the following terms— a majority, the ruling party, opposition with reference to your state? (NCERT Page 32)
Answer.

1. State: Delhi
2. Majority: Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) has a majority in the Delhi Assembly with 67 MLAs out of a total of 70 MLAs.
3. Ruling Party: AAP.
4. Opposition: Bharatiya Janata Party, Indian National Congress, B.S.P., Janata Dal (S), and some independent MLAs.
   Note: Students are requested to find out answers to/about questions for their own state.

Question 6.
Construct a table, similar to the one given for Himachal Pradesh, for your state. (NCERT Page 33)
Answer.
Do this exercise yourself.
Hints: Delhi: Total Assembly seats: 70.
Political Party                                                       Number of MLAs
Aam Aadmi Party                                                               67
Indian National Congress                                                   00
Bharatiya Janata Party                                                        03
Bahujan Samaj Party                                                           00
NCP                                                                                     00
Others                                                                                 00

Question 7.
At times, the ruling party may not be a single party but a group of parties working together. This is called a coalition. Discuss with your teacher. (NCERT Page 33)
Answer.

1. When no party gets a clear majority, few parties come together and elect their leader.
2. They go to the Governor and inform him about the leader. The Governor appoints him as C.M.
3. The Governor gives the leader and his council of ministers an oath of secrecy and allegiance to the constitution.
4. The coalition parties prepare a common minimum programme (CMP) and work to implement the programme during the tenure of the coalition.

Question 8.
What were the main arguments put forward by different MLAs who thought that the government was not taking the situation in a serious manner? (NCERT Page 36)
Answer.
Main Issues

1. Spread of an epidemic.
2. Shortage of drinking water.
3. Bad/Poor condition of hospitals.
4. The dearth of doctors.

Question 9.
If you were the health minister, how would you respond to the above discussion? (NCERT Page 36)
Answer.
I would have started the mobile health care vans with the necessary equipment and doctors immediately.

Question 10.
Do you think the above debate would have been useful in some ways? How? Discuss. (NCERT Page 36)
Answer.
Yes, because it has brought the issues to the fore and is solved in minimum time.

Question 11.
In the working of the government, explain the difference between being an MLA and an MLA who is also a minister. (NCERT Page 36)
Answer.

1. An MLA highlights the burning issues and can suggest some solutions.
2. Minister takes the decision and implements it.

Question 12.
Write two measures that the government undertook for controlling diarrhea. (NCERT Page 37)
Answer.

1. Removal of garbage.
2. Arrangement’ of drinking water through tanker trucks.

Question 13.
What is the purpose of a press conference? How does the press conference help you get information on what the government is doing? (NCERT Page 37)
Answer.

1. To highlight the steps taken by the government.
2. The press conference is broadcast or telecast.
3. It is also printed in newspapers for the common people.

Question 14.

Name of department	Examples of their work
School Education
Public Works Department
Agriculture

Find out with the help of your teacher, the work done by the government departments mentioned above, and fill in the table. (NCERT Page 39)
Answer.

Question 15.
Do a similar wallpaper project about any issue connected with the working of your State Government like an education programme, any law and order issue, midday meal scheme, etc. (NCERT Page 40)
Answer.
Hints:

1. Students can take photographs of the distribution of mid-day meals in their own school for six days of a week.
2. Then, they should arrange them in order.
3. Now they put them on a chart paper in a sequence.
4. Write their observations days and put them on another chart paper.
5. Lastly, they paste them on the wall of their classroom.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 3 How the State Government Works helps you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 3 How the State Government Works, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 8 Devotional Paths to the Divine are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 8 Devotional Paths to the Divine.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 7
Subject	Social Science History
Chapter	Chapter 8
Chapter Name	Devotional Paths to the Divine
Number of Questions Solved	20
Category	NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 8 Devotional Paths to the Divine

NCERT TEXTBOOK EXERCISES

IMAGINE
You are attending a meeting where a saint is discussing the caste system. Relate the conversation.
Answer.
The main points of the conversation are:

• Origin of the caste system started from vama system.
• Division in the society.
• Caste conflicts.
• Major ill effects of the caste system.
• How to remove the caste evils.

LET’S RECALL

Question 1.
Match the following:
The Buddha                                            namghar
Shankaradeva                                    worship of Vishnu
Nizamuddin Auliya                       questioned social differences
Nayanars                                                  Sufi saint
Alvars                                                   worship of Shiva
Answer.
The Buddha                                questioned social differences
Shankaradeva                                               namghar
Nizamuddin Auliya                                       Sufi saint
Nayanars                                                 worship of Shiva
Alvars                                                      worship of Vishnu

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks:

1. Shankara was an advocate of ……………
2. Ramanuja was influenced by the ……………..
3. ………….., ……….. and .………… were advocates of Virashaivism.
4. ……………. was an important centre of the Bhakti. tradition in Maharashtra.

Answer.

1. Advaita.
2. Alvars.
3. Basavanna, Allama Prabhu, Akkamahadevi.
4. Pandharpur.

Question 3.
Describe the beliefs and practices of the Nathpanthis, Siddhas, and Yogis.
Answer.

• They advocated renunciation of the world.
• They believed that the path to salvation lay in meditation on the formless God and the realisation of oneness with it.
• To achieve this they advocated intense training of the mind and body through practices like Yog asanas, breathing exercises and meditation.
• They did not believe in the ritual and oilier aspects of conventional religion and the social order.

Question 4.
What were the major ideas expressed by Kabir? How did he express these? (Very Imp.)
Answer.
The major ideas expressed by Kabir include:

• Rejection of major religious traditions.
• Criticism of all forms of external worship of both Brahmanical Hinduism and Islam.
• Criticism of priestly classes and caste system.
• Belief in a formless Supreme God.
• Emphasis on Bhakti or devotion to achieve salvation.

Kabir expressed his ideas in a vast collection of verses known as sakhis and pads. These are said to have been composed by him and sung by wandering bhajan singers.

LET’S UNDERSTAND

Question 5.
What were the major beliefs and practices of the Sufis?
Answer.
Sufis were the Muslim mystics:

1. Rejected the outward religiosity and believed in devotion to God.
2. They rejected the elaborate rituals and the codes of behavior and believed that union with God should be as a lover seeks his beloved.
3. They composed poems to express their feelings and developed methods to train heart.
4. Zikr, contemplation, sama (singing), raqs (dancing) were some of the methods.
5. They were against idol worship and believed in collective prayers.

Question 6.
Why do you think many teachers rejected prevalent religious beliefs and practices?
Answer.
Many teachers rejected prevalent religious beliefs and practices because these were based on social differences, excess ritualism and outward display piety.

Question 7.
What were the major teachings of Baba Guru Nanak?
Answer.

• Baba Guru Nanak emphasised the importance of the worship of one God.
• He insisted that caste, creed or gender was irrelevant for attaining liberation. His idea of liberation was based on the pursuit of active life with a strong sense of social commitment.
• He used the terms nam, dan and isnan for the essence of his teaching, which actually meant right worship, the welfare of others and purity of conduct.
• He gave importance to right-belief and worship, honest living and helping others.
• Guru Nanak, thus, promoted the idea of equality.

LET’S DISCUSS

Question 8.
For either the Virashaivas or the sants of Maharashtra, discuss their attitude towards caste.
Answer.
The saints of Maharashtra focused on the Vitthala form of Vishnu and on a personal god residing inside the hearts of all people:

1. Their songs in simple Marathi language inspired people.
2. They rejected all forms of ritualism, outward display of piety and social differences based on birth and treatment to women.
3. They even rejected the idea of renunciation and preferred to live with their families and earning a livelihood.
4. They believed in serving fellow beings and sharing the pain of others.

Question 9.
Why do you think ordinary people preserved the memory of Mirabai?
Answer.
Ordinary people preserved the memories of Mirabai because of the following reasons:

1. She was devoted to Krishna.
2. Composition of innumerable bhajans expressing her intense devotion.
3. Challenged norms of upper castes.

LET’S DO

Question 10.
Find out whether there are any dargahs, gurudwaras or temples associated with saints of the bhakti tradition in your neighbourhood. Visit any one of these and describe what you see and hear.
Answer.
Do this exercise yourself.

Question 11.
For any of the saint-poets whose compositions have been included in this chapter, find out more about their works, noting down other poems. Find out whether these are sung, how they are sung, and what the poets wrote about.
Answer.
Mainly Guru Nanak. Read the chapter and write down.

Question 12.
There are several saint-poets whose names have been mentioned but their works have not been included in the chapter. Find out more about the language in which they composed, whether their compositions were sung, and what their compositions were about.
Answer.
Do this exercise yourself.

INTEXT QUESTIONS WITH THEIR ANSWERS

Question 1.
You can observe this process of local myths and legends receiving wider acceptance even today. Can you find some examples around you? (NCERT Page 105)
Answer.
Yes, the stories of Maina Sundari and Anjana Kumari in Jainism are well known that they attained salvation due to their Bhakti in the supreme God.
Other Examples:

• Alha Udal in Bundelkhand
• Raginis in Haryana and Western U.P.

Question 2.
How does the poet describe his relationship with the deity? (NCERT Page 106)
Answer.
The devotee said that he had been salvaged with the touch of the blessings of the God.

Question 3.
Try and find out more about the ideas of Shankara or Ramanuja. (NCERT Page 107)
Answer.
Please do it yourself with the help of your history teacher.

Question 4.
What is the temple that Basavanna is offering to God? (NCERT Page 108)
Answer.
Basavanna’s body.

Question 5.
Discuss the ideas about the social order expressed in the compositions of Saint Tukaram. (NCERT Page 109)
Answer.

1. God lives in the hearts of all, high or low, Dalits or the high ups.
2. He treats the weak as his son and daughter.
3. These pious people are God themselves.
4. If any one ill-treats them he should be ashamed of.

Question 6.
Why do you think Mirabai left Rana’s palace? (NCERT Page 115)
Answer.
Because she did not like to remain confined in the four walls of the palace.

Question 7.
In what ways are the ideas of this poem similar to or different from those of Basavanna and Jalaluddin Rumi? (NCERT Page 116)
Answer.

1. The ideas in this poem are similar in this way that this poem emphasises equality and against the caste and Brahmanical system.
2. Differences are in the ways that there is no need for keeping fast or Ramzan. God or Allah lives in the heart not outside.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 8 Devotional Paths to the Divine help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 8 Devotional Paths to the Divine, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.