Category: CBSE Sample Papers

Students can access the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 Economics Education with Solutions and marking scheme Term 2 Set 1 will help students in understanding the difficulty level of the exam.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 Economics Term 2 Set 1 with Solutions

Time : 2 Hours
Maximum Marks : 40

General Instructions:

• This is a subjective question paper containing 13 questions.
• This paper contains 5 questions of 2 marks each, 5 questions of 3 marks each and 3 questions of 5 marks each.
• Section A, 2 marks questions are Short Answer Type Questions-Answer them in 30-50 words.
• Section B, 3 marks questions are Short Answer Type Questions-Answer them in 50-80 words.
• Section C, 5 marks questions are Long Answer Type Questions-Answer them in 80-120 words.
• This question paper contains Case/Source Based Questions.

Section – A
(2 Marks Each)

Question 1.
State the relationship between total cost and marginal cost.
OR
Comment on the shape of the MR curve in case the TR curve is a:
(i) Positively sloped straight line passing through the origin.
(ii) Horizontal line.
Answer:
(i) When MC is diminishing, TC increases at a diminishing rate.
(ii) When MC is rising, TC increases at an increasing rate.
(iii) When MC is constant, TC increases at a constant rate.

OR
(i) When TR curve is a positively sloped straight line passing through the origin, MR curve will be a horizontal straight line parallel to X-axis.
(ii) When TR curve is a horizontal line, MR curve will touch X-axis, i.e., MR will be zero (0), because addition to TR (which is MR) will be zero in this case.

Question 2.
What is the difference between price index and quantity index number?
Answer:
Price index measures the changes in the price level whereas quantity index measures the changes in the quantity level.

Question 3.
Explain tire implications of tire “freedom of entry and exit” feature of perfect competition.
OR
What is minimum price ceiling? Explain its implications?
Answer:
Under perfect competition, there will be no restriction on the entry and exit of both buyers and sellers. If the existing sellers start making abnormal profits, new sellers should be able to enter the market freely. This will bring down the abnormal profits to the normal level. Similarly, when losses will occur existing sellers may leave the market. However, such free entry or free exit is possible only in the long- run, but not in the short-run.
OR
For certain goods and services, government sets minimum price. This minimum price is called minimum price ceiling. This price is normally set at a level higher than the equilibrium price. This leads to excess supply. Since producers are not able to sell all they want to sell, they illegally sell the goods or services below the minimum price.

Question 4.
Define Standard Deviation. Write its two demerits.
OR
Name the different types of measures of dispersion.
Answer:
Standard deviation is the square root of the arithmetic mean of the squares of all deviations. Deviations are measured from arithmetic mean of the items.

Demerits:

1. Difficult: The process of squaring the deviations and then to find the value of its square root is a time consuming process. It is quite difficult too.
2. More important to extreme values: In calculation of standard deviation undue importance is given to marginal values.

OR
Measures of dispersion:

• Range,
• Coefficient of range,
• Inter quartile range,
• Quartile deviation,
• Mean deviation,
• Standard deviation, and
• Lorenz Curve.

Question 5.
Compute coefficient of correlation from the following data:

	X-Series	Y-Series
Mean	15	28
Sum of squares of Deviation from Mean	144	225

Sum of products of deviation of X and Y-series from their respective mean is 20. Number of pairs of observations is 10. (2)
Answer:
Given,
Σx² = 144,
Σy² = 225,
Σxy = 20,
N = 0
\(\begin{aligned}
r &=\frac{\Sigma x y}{\sqrt{\Sigma x^{2}} \sqrt{\Sigma y^{2}}} \\
&=\frac{20}{\sqrt{144 \times 225}} \\
&=\frac{20}{\sqrt{32,400}}=\frac{20}{180} \\
&=+0.11 .
\end{aligned}\)

Commonly Made Error

• Students usually forget the actual method of calculation of actual mean method.

Answering Tip

• Recall the Actual Mean Method of calculation of coefficient of correlation.

Section – B
(3 Marks)

Question 6.
Using the simple aggregative method, calculate the index number for the given data: (3)

Commodity	A	B	C	D
P1	15	22	20	27
P0	10	20	18	25

OR
Construct Index Number of price of 2011 from the following data by:
(i) Laspeyre’s Method
(ii) Paasche’s Method

Commodity	2001		2011
	Price	Quantity	Price	Quantity
A	10	30	12	35
B	9	10	11	15
C	8	15	10	20
D	6	20	7	25

Answer:
Construction of the index number:

Commodity	p0 (base year)	p1 (current year)
A	10	15
B	20	22
C	18	20
D	25	27
	Σp0 = 73	Σp1 = 84

Formula :
\(p_{01}=\frac{\Sigma p_{1}}{\Sigma p_{0}} \times 100\)
⇒ p₀₁ = \(\frac{84}{73}\) x 100 = 115.07
OR
Construction of Price Index Number:

(i) Laspeyre’s Method:
p₀₁ = \(\frac{\Sigma p_{1} q_{0}}{\Sigma p_{0} q_{0}}\) x 100
= \(\frac{760}{630}\) x 100 = 120.63

(ii) Paasche’s Method:
p₀₁ = \(\frac{\sum p_{1} q_{1}}{\Sigma p_{0} q_{1}}\) x 100
= \(\frac{960}{795}\) x 100 = 120.75

Question 7.
Write the merits and demerits of scatter diagram. (3)
Read this passage below and answer Q. 8. and Q. that follow.

The slope of a total revenue curve is particularly important. It equals the change in the vertical axis (total revenue) divided by the change in the horizontal axis (quantity) between any two points. The slope measure the rate which total revenue increases as output increase. We can think of it as the increase in total revenue associated with a 1-unit increase in output. The increase in total revenue from a 1-unit increase in quantity is marginal revenue. Thus marginal revenue (MR) equals the slope of the total revenue curve. How much additional revenue does a radish producer gain from selling one more pound of radishes₹The answer, of course, is the market price of 1 pound. Marginal revenue equals the market price. Because the market price is not affected by the output choice of a single firm, the marginal revenue the firm gains by producing one more unit is always the market price. The marginal revenue curve shows the relationship between marginal revenue and the quantity a firm produces. For a perfectly competitive firm, the marginal revenue curve is a horizontal line at the market price. If the market price of a pound of radishes is $0.40, then the marginal revenue is $0.40. Marginal revenue curves for prices of $0.20, $0.40, and $0.60. In perfect competition, a firm’s marginal revenue curve is a horizontal line at the market price. Price also equals average revenue, which is total revenue divided by quantity. To obtain average revenue (AR), we divide total revenue by quantity, Q. Because total revenue equals price (P) times quantity (Q), dividing by quantity leaves us with a price.
Answer:
Merits of Scatter Diagram:

• It is simple and a non-mathematical method of studying correlation between two variables.
• It can be easily understood and interpreted.
• It is not influenced by the size of extreme values.

Demerits of Scatter Diagram:

• It is only a qualitative expression rather than a quantitative expression.
• It gives only a broad and rough idea of the degree and nature of correlation between two variables,
• This method does not indicate the exact numerical value of correlation.

Question 8.
What change will take place in marginal revenue when : 3
(i) Total Revenue increases at an increasing rate.
(ii) Total Revenue increases at a diminishing rate.
Answer:

• When total revenue increases at an increasing rate, marginal revenue should be increasing.
• When total revenue increases at a diminishing rate, marginal revenue should be diminishing.

Question 9.
Comment on the shape of the MR curve in case the TR curve is a: 3

1. A positively sloped straight line passing through the origin.
2. Horizontal line.

Answer:

1. When TR curve is a positively sloped straight line passing through the origin, MR curve will be a horizontal straight line parallel to X-axis.
2. When TR curve is a horizontal line, MR curve will touch X-axis, i.e., MR will be zero (0), because in addition to TR (Which is MR) will be zero in this case.

Question 10.
The equilibrium market wage rate is ₹14,000 per month. The government finding it low fixes minimum wage rate at ₹18,000 per month. Examine the implications of this decision. Use diagram. (3)
Answer:
Payment of wage rate (₹ 18,000) higher than equilibrium wage rate (₹ 14,000) leads to excess supply of labour as shown in the diagram, equal to AB. Since supply is greater than demand, it may lead to unemployment equal to AB.

Section – C
(5 Marks Each)

Question 11.
How is the price of a commodity determined in a perfectly competitive market? Explain with help of a diagram. (5)
Answer:
Price of a commodity is determined by market demand and market supply of a commodity i.e. industry is the price maker). An individual producer/firm has no role in the determination of the price of the commodity (firm is a price taker). No individual seller or buyer can influence the price of the commodity.

DD and SS are market demand and market supply curves intersecting at E. OQ quantity (Equilibrium Quantity) would be offered for sale and demanded by the buyers at OP price (equilibrium price) per unit. The industry is in equilibrium.

Commonly Made Error

• Students often write the perfectly competitive firm incorrectly.

Answering Tip

• Recall the price taking property of the perfectly competitive firm.

Question 12.
(a) Calculate the Standard Deviation from the following data by step deviation method. (3)

Marks	No. of Students
0-10	4
10-20	3
20-30	6
30-40	4
40-50	2

(b) Write four uses of consumer price Index. (2)
OR
(a) Calculate the quartile deviation for the following distribution. (5)

Answer:

(b) Utility / Uses of Index Numbers:

1. Index Numbers make easy the difficult facts: Index Numbers present the complex facts into simple and understandable form. So many times index number measures such changes which may not be measured directly.
2. Index numbers make comparative study easy : Index Numbers show the facts represented in different units comparatively.
3. Helpful in measuring irregular changes: For example changes in prices are helpful in different circumstances.
4. Index Numbers studies the changes in general price level: Most important use of index number is that it measures the value of money during different periods of time.

OR
Calculation of cumulative frequency.

Class	Frequency	Cumulative Frequency
0-10	5	5
10-20	3	5 + 3 = 8
20-30	4	8 + 4 = 12
30-40	3	12 + 3 = 15
40-50	3	15 + 3 = 18
50-60	4	18 + 4 = 22
60-70	7	22 + 7 = 29
70-80	9	29 + 9 = 38
80-90	7	38 + 7 = 45
90-100	8	45 + 8 = 53

Here, N = 53
We know that,
\(Q_{r}=l_{1}+\frac{r\left(\frac{\mathrm{N}}{4}-c\right)}{f}\left(l_{2}-l_{1}\right)\)

Finding Q₁: r = 1
\(\frac{N}{4}=\frac{53}{4}\) = 13.25

Thus, Q₁ lies in the interval 30 – 40.
In this case, quartile class = 30 – 40
l₁ = lower limit of the quartile class
= 30

l₂ = upper limit of the quartile class
= 40

f = frequency of the quartile class
= 3

c = cumulative frequency of the class preceding the quartile class
= 12

Now, by substituting these values in the formula we get:

Thus, Q₃ lies in the interval 80 – 90.
In this case,

quartile class = 80 – 90
l₁ = lower limit of the quartile dass = 80
l₂ = upper limit of the quartile class = 90
f = frequency of the quartile class = 7
c = cumulative frequency of the class preceding the quartile class = 38

Now, by substituting these values in the formula we get:

Finally, the quartile deviation

Hence, the quartile deviation of the given distribution is 24.167 (approximately).

Commonly Made Error

• Students often forget the formula of price-taking property.

Answering Tip

• Recall the formula for the price-taking property of the perfectly competitive firm.

Question 13.
(a) Complete the following table : (2)

(b) Explain the law of variable proportion with the help of a diagram. (3)
Answer:
(a)

(b) The law of variable proportion states that as the quantity of factor increases while keeping the other factors constant the total product first increases with an increasing rate then increases with the decreasing rate and then diminishes.
Schedule-There are three stages of law of variable proportion.

1. Stage I- Here, TP first increases with an increasing rate and MP and AP also increases up to a certain level. In the first phase there is better utilisation of fixed factor, increase in efficiency of variable factors and indivisibility of fixed factors.
2. Stage II- Here, TP increases with the diminishing rate and MP and AP both starts to fall. The reasons responsible for the diminishing return of factors are optimum combination of factors and imperfect substitutes.
3. Stage III- Here, TP reduces and MP becomes negative and AP is also falling but is positive. The factors responsible for negative returns to factor are limitation of fixed factors, poor coordination between variable and fixed factors, decreasing efficiency of variable factors.
   
   

Students can access the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 Hindi with Solutions and marking scheme Term 2 Set 1 will help students in understanding the difficulty level of the exam.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 Hindi Term 2 Set 1 with Solutions

समय : 2.00 घण्टा
पूर्णांक : 40

सामान्य निर्देश :

• इस प्रश्न पत्र में दो खंड हैं- खंड ‘क’ और खंड ‘ख’
• सभी प्रश्न अनिवार्य हैं। यथासंभव सभी प्रश्नों के उत्तर क्रमानुसार ही लिखिए।
• लेखन कार्य में स्वच्छता का विशेष ध्यान रखिए।
• खंड-‘क’ में कुल 4 प्रश्न हैं। दिए गए निर्देशों का पालन करते हुए इनके उपप्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए।
• खंड-‘ख’ में कुल 3 प्रश्न हैं। सभी प्रश्नों के साथ विकल्प दिए गए हैं। निर्देशानुसार विकल्प का ध्यान रखते हुए प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए।

रखण्ड-‘क’

प्रश्न 1.
निम्नलिखित में से किसी एक विषय पर लगभग 200 शब्दों में रचनात्मक लेख लिखिए [5]
(i) स्वच्छता हमें मानसिक, शारीरिक, सामाजिक व बौद्धिक रूप से स्वस्थ बनाती है। इसीलिए विद्यालयों में भी स्वच्छता अभियान चलाए जाते हैं। आपके विद्यालय में हुए स्वच्छता अभियान पर लेख लिखिए।
उत्तरः
2 अक्टूबर को प्रतिवर्ष हम महात्मा गाँधी का जन्मदिन मनाते हैं। इस बार हमारे स्कूल के प्रधानाचार्य जी ने 2 अक्टूबर को स्वच्छता दिवस’ के रूप में मनाने का निर्णय लिया। उनके इस निर्णय से सभी प्रसन्न और उत्साहित हुए। सभी ने तालियाँ बजाकर उनके इस निर्णय का स्वागत किया।

दिन भर स्वच्छता से संबंधित अनेक कार्यक्रम हुए। अध्यापकों ने स्वच्छता से संबंधित अनेक प्रकार की जानकारियाँ दीं। प्रधानाचार्यजी ने बताया कि स्वच्छ जीवन जीने के लिए स्वयं स्वच्छ रहना और अपने आस-पास के वातावरण को स्वच्छ रखना अत्यंत आवश्यक है। स्वच्छता अपनाने से व्यक्ति रोग मुक्त रहता है और स्वस्थ राष्ट्र निर्माण’ में योगदान देता है। अतः प्रत्येक व्यक्ति को जीवन में स्वच्छता अपनानी चाहिए और दूसरों को भी इसके लिए प्रेरित करना चाहिए। किसी को भी खुले में शौच आदि के लिए नहीं जाना चाहिए क्योंकि ऐसा करने से अनेक बीमारियाँ जैसे-हैजा, पेचिस, पोलियो, टाइफाइड जैसी बीमारियाँ फैलती हैं। हमें खाना खाने से पूर्व हाथों को अच्छी प्रकार से साफ करना चाहिए। प्रतिदिन के जीवन की छोटी-छोटी बातों को ध्यान में रखकर भी स्वस्थ रहा जा सकता है। घर हो या स्कूल हर जगह स्वच्छता का ध्यान रखना बहुत आवश्यक है। इसके बारे में समय-समय पर बच्चों को जानकारियाँ देते हुए जागरूक करते रहना चाहिए।

भोजनावकाश के बाद सभी विद्यार्थी, अध्यापक और कर्मचारी, उत्साहपूर्वक सफाई अभियान में जुट गए। कुछ बच्चे गमलों और पौधों के बीच से सूखी और सड़ी हुई पत्तियों आदि को निकाल रहे थे तो कुछ फावड़े और खुरपियों आदि की सहायता से नाली की मिट्टी को निकालने का काम कर रहे थे। मैदान में बिखरी पत्तियों को एक जगह एकत्र करने के लिए विद्यार्थियों ने मैदान में झाडू लगाई फिर प्रार्थना स्थल को भी साफ करके वहाँ की धुलाई की जिसमें शिक्षकों और कर्मचारियों ने भी सहयोग किया। कुछ छात्राओं ने गमलों पर भी रंग से पुताई की।

स्कूल के प्रधानाचार्य महोदय पूरे स्कूल में हो रहे स्वच्छता अभियान में विद्यार्थियों का मार्ग-दर्शन करने के साथ ही उत्साहवर्धन भी कर रहे थे। छोटी-छोटी टोकरियों से बच्चे कूड़ा उठाकर कूड़े की ट्रॉली में डाल रहे थे जिसमें बड़े बच्चे उनकी सहायता कर रहे थे।

दो घंटे में ही पूरे स्कूल की कायापलट हो गई। विद्यालय का हर कोना चमक रहा था। अपनी मेहनत रंग लाते देख सभी के चेहरे प्रसन्नता से चमक रहे थे। किसी को अपने कपड़े गंदे होने की चिंता नहीं थी।
4:00 बजे सफाई अभियान की समाप्ति की घोषणा हेतु घंटी बजाई गई। सभी अपना कार्य समाप्त कर शीघ्रता से बड़े मैदान में एकत्रित हो गए। प्रधानाचार्य जी ने सभी की प्रशंसा की। सभी को जलपान वितरित किया गया और सभी की सहमति से प्रत्येक शनिवार को भोजनावकाश के बाद का समय ‘स्वच्छता अभियान’ के लिए निर्धारित किया गया।

(ii) असामाजिक तत्त्वों द्वारा किस प्रकार समाज की शांति भंग की जाती है? इस पर आधारित एक घटना लिखिए।
उत्तरः
असामाजिक तत्त्वों की शरारतों के किस्से प्रायः हम सुनते रहते हैं। बड़े-बड़े भवनों एवं हरियाली से युक्त हमारी कॉलोनी एक शांतिप्रिय कॉलोनी है। अभी कुछ ही दिनों पूर्व हमारी कॉलोनी में एक घटना घटित हुई है-

हमारे पड़ोसी शर्मा अंकल का इकलौता बेटा चेन्नई में रहकर इंजीनियरिंग की पढ़ाई कर रहा था। अंकल व आंटी दोनों ही एक आलीशान कोठी में रहते थे। उनके बेटे के पत्र अक्सर आते रहते थे। कुछ समय पूर्व हमारी कॉलोनी में कुछ शरारती युवक रहने आए। वे अपनी शरारतों से अक्सर लोगों को परेशान करते रहते थे। एक दिन उन्होंने कुछ शरारती पत्र लिखकर दोपहर को लोगों के घर के बाहर लगी पत्र-पेटिकाओं में डाल दिए। शर्मा आंटी ने जब पत्र पढ़ा तो उसमें उनके इकलौते बेटे की दुर्घटना में मृत्यु का समाचार था। पत्र पढ़ते ही सदमे से उन्हें दिल का दौरा पड़ गया। मेरे पिताजी शर्मा अंकल की चीख-पुकार सुन वहाँ पहुँचे और आंटी जी को अस्पताल में दाखिल करवाया। बाद में सारी बात जान पिताजी को कुछ संदेह हुआ। पत्र देखते ही वह सारी शरारत समझ गए क्योंकि उस पत्र पर न तो डाक टिकट था और न ही डाकघर की मुहर। इस तरह की शरारत से दूसरों को कितना नुकसान हो सकता था यह सोचे बिना अपनी बेवकूफी से थोड़ी-सी मस्ती के लिए दूसरों की जान से खिलवाड़ करना गलत है। असामाजिक तत्त्वों की रोकथाम के लिए हमें व प्रशासन को सख्ती से इनके विरुद्ध ठोस कदम उठाने चाहिए। इसके अतिरिक्त स्थानीय व्यक्तियों को भी सतर्क रहने की आवश्यकता है। उन्हें ऐसे व्यक्तियों पर शक होते ही तुरंत पुलिस को सूचना देनी चाहिए। बड़े-बुजुर्गों को इस प्रकार की घटनाओं का सामना प्रायः करना पड़ता है, अतः अगर मजबूरी न हो तो उन्हें अकेले रहने से बचना चाहिए।

(iii) कम्प्यूटर तथा मोबाइल मनोरंजन के साथ-साथ हमारी जरूरत का साधन अधिक बन गए हैं। हर क्षेत्र में इनसे मिलने वाले लाभों तथा हानियों का वर्णन करते हुए अपने विचार लिखिए।
उत्तरः
वर्तमान युग विज्ञान का युग कहलाता है। विज्ञान के आविष्कारों ने आज दुनिया ही बदल दी है तथा मानव जीवन को सुख एवं ऐश्वर्य से भर दिया है। कम्प्यूटर, मोबाइल फोन उनमें से ही अत्यन्त उपयोगी और विस्मयकारी खोज हैं जो मनोरंजन के साथ-साथ हमारी जरूरत का साधन अधिक बन गए हैं। कम्प्यूटर व मोबाइल आज के युग की अनिवार्यता बन गये हैं तथा इनका प्रयोग अनेक क्षेत्रों में किया जा रहा है।

कम्प्यूटर व मोबाइल के माध्यम से बैंक अधिकारी बटन दबाकर ग्राहक के खाते का पूरा विवरण स्क्रीन पर ला देता है। रेलवे स्टेशनों, हवाई अड्डों पर आरक्षण का कार्य इसकी सहायता से किया जा सकता है। इसी प्रकार मौसम की जानकारी एकत्र करने में, टेलीफोन या बिजली के बिल बनवाने व जमा कराने में, छात्रों की उत्तर पुस्तिका जाँचने में, स्वास्थ्य परीक्षण में इनका सफलतापूर्वक प्रयोग किया जा रहा है। आजकल तो पुस्तकों की छपाई का काम कम्प्यूटर के प्रयोग से अत्यन्त तीव्रगामी व सुविधाजनक हो गया है। इस प्रकार मोबाइल व कम्प्यूटर सूचना, प्रसारण तथा नियंत्रण का सशक्त साधन बन गए हैं। इन उपकरणों से तरह-तरह के खेल खेले जा सकते हैं। समाचार, चुटकुले, संगीत आदि का आनन्द लिया जा सकता है। किसी भी तरह की विपत्ति में मोबाइल फोन रक्षक बनकर हमारी सहायता करता है। इंटरनेट के प्रयोग ने सभी के लिए ज्ञान के द्वार खोल दिए हैं। अपने ज्ञान में वृद्धि तथा दूसरों तक जानकारियाँ पहुँचाने का यह सरल व तीव्र माध्यम है। सभी सुविधाएँ होने के बावजूद आज इनके दुष्परिणाम भी सामने आ रहे हैं। जिनमें अफवाहें फैलाना, धमकियाँ देना, अश्लीलता आदि मुख्य हैं।

यद्यपि ये मानव मस्तिष्क की तरह कार्य करते हैं परन्तु मानव की तरह सोच-विचार नहीं कर सकते। ये केवल दिए गए निर्देशों का पालन ही कर सकते हैं। अतः हमें इनके गलत प्रयोग से बचना चाहिए और इनकी सुविधाओं का लाभ उठाना चाहिए जिससे विज्ञान के ये वरदान अभिशाप न बन जाएँ।

सामान्य त्रुटियाँ

• कई छात्र प्रश्न को समझने में कठिनाई अनुभव करते हैं।
• उत्तर लिखने में पुनरावृत्ति का दोष पाया गया।
• कई बार छात्र दिए गए विषय से भटक कर कुछ अन्य ही लिख देते हैं। …

निवारण

• निरन्तर अभ्यास द्वारा छात्र रचनात्मक लेखन में पारंगत हो सकते हैं।
• विषय को समझकर, उससे जुड़ाव होने पर वे निर्बाध गति से लेखन कर सकते हैं।
• विषय को रोचक बनाने की तरफ छात्रों को ध्यान देना चाहिए।

प्रश्न 2.
प्लास्टिक थैलों पर प्रतिबन्ध के बावजूद इनके बढ़ते प्रयोग पर अधिकारियों का ध्यान आकर्षित करते हुए क्षेत्र के प्रमुख समाचार-पत्र के सम्पादक को एक पत्र लिखिए। [5]
अथवा
समय का सदुपयोग करते हुए परिश्रमपूर्वक पढ़ने की सलाह देते हुए अपने मित्र को पत्र लिखिए। [5]
उत्तरः
1242 अशोक विहार,
दिल्ली
दिनांक 26 मार्च 20xx
सेवा में,
प्रधान संपादक महोदय,
नवभारत टाइम्स,
बहादुर शाह जफर मार्ग,
नई दिल्ली 110002

विषय : प्लास्टिक थैलों पर प्रतिबंध के बावजूद इनके बढ़ते प्रयोग के संदर्भ में।

महोदय,
मैं आपके प्रतिष्ठित एवं लोकप्रिय समाचार पत्र के माध्यम से प्लास्टिक थैलों पर प्रतिबंध के बावजूद इनके बढ़ते प्रयोग पर आपका ध्यान आकर्षित करना चाहता हूँ। आपसे अनुरोध है कि मेरे इस पत्र को लोकवाणी स्तंभ में प्रकाशित करने का कष्ट करें। दिल्ली हमारे देश की राजधानी है तथा विश्व के प्रमुख नगरों में गिनी जाती है। आज दिल्ली महानगर की प्रदूषण समस्या अत्यंत सोचनीय है। हालांकि सरकार ने प्लास्टिक थैलों पर प्रतिबंध लगा दिया है, परंतु जैसा कि हम देखते हैं कि आज भी बाजार में हर तरह की वस्तुओं को प्लास्टिक बैग में ही डाल कर बेचा जाता है। लोग प्लास्टिक का अत्यधिक प्रयोग कर रहे हैं। कूड़ा प्रतिदिन प्लास्टिक बैग में ही भरकर कूड़ेदान में डाला जाता है। प्लास्टिक को जलाए जाने पर प्रदूषण बढ़ता है। नदी, सरोवर के पानी में भी प्लास्टिक बैग उपयोग करके फेंक दिया जाता है, जिसे जीव-जंतु खाकर मर रहे हैं। प्लास्टिक जलाने के कारण समस्या दिन प्रतिदिन बदतर होती जा रही है। इस समस्या को अत्यंत गंभीरता से लेना आवश्यक है। मेरा अधिकारियों से विनम्र निवेदन है कि इस दिशा में कोई ठोस कदम उठा कर इस समस्या का समाधान करें।
धन्यवाद।
भवदीय,
ज्योति रंजन

अथवा

27, जे. एन. हॉस्टल,
डी. पी. एस.
दिल्ली-11
दिनांक 20 अगस्त 20xx
प्रिय मित्र अनुज,
सप्रेम नमस्कार।
आशा है तुम परिवार सहित सकुशल होंगे। मैं ठीक-ठाक हूँ और इस वर्ष पूरे मनोयोग से अपनी परीक्षा की तैयारी कर रहा हूँ क्योंकि नवीं-दसवीं की पढ़ाई को मैं बुनियादी तौर पर शिक्षा रूपी मकान की नींव मानता हूँ। अगर नींव मजबूत है तो उस पर मजबूत भवन बनाया जा सकता है। मैं तुम्हें भी यही सलाह दूँगा कि इन दो वर्षों में तुम डटकर परिश्रम करो और अपना पूरा ध्यान खेलकूद एवं मटरगश्ती से हटाकर पढ़ने-लिखने पर लगा दो। यदि आपने 10वीं की परीक्षा 90 प्रतिशत या उससे अधिक अंकों से उत्तीर्ण कर ली तो आगे अच्छे कॉलेज में प्रवेश मिल सकेगा जो हमारे भविष्य को बनाने के लिए अति आवश्यक है।
कृपया अपना पूरा ध्यान पढ़ाई पर केन्द्रित करें जिससे अच्छे अंको से आपको सफलता प्राप्त हो सके।
आशा है आप मेरी सलाह पर ध्यान देंगे। घर में सभी बड़ों को मेरा प्रणाम कहें तथा छोटों को स्नेह दें।
पत्र की प्रतिक्षा करूंगा।
आपका मित्र
प्रेम अग्निहोत्री
94120878XX

प्रश्न 3.
निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए [3 + 2 = 5]

(i) विद्यालय में आयोजित वार्षिक समारोह का प्रतिवेदन प्रस्तुत कीजिए।
अथवा
भारतीय डाक-तार विभाग के महानिदेशक की ओर से एक साधारण परिपत्र का प्रारूप प्रस्तुत कीजिए जिसमें सभी अनुभाग अधिकारियों को सूचित किया जाए कि पूर्व अनुमति के बिना यदि वे कार्यालय में अनुपस्थित रहे तथा कार्यालयी अनुदेशों का विधिवत् अनुपालन नहीं किया तो उनके विरुद्ध कठोर कार्यवाही की जाएगी।
उत्तरः
पांखुरी (विद्यालयी पत्रिका)
डी. वी. एन. कॉलेज
2 फरवरी 20………
राया (मथुरा)
गत 23 जनवरी 20….. को हमारे विद्यालय का वार्षिकोत्सव हुआ। नगर के प्रसिद्ध समाजसेवी श्री श्याम बहादुर कार्यक्रम के मुख्य अतिथि थे। इस वर्ष विद्यालय में काफी उत्साह देखा गया। विद्यालय को पूरी तरह सजाया-सँवारा गया। ठीक 11 बजे कार्यक्रम आरंभ हुआ। पहले एन.सी.सी. स्काउट तथा बैंड के छात्रों ने स्वागत कार्यक्रम प्रस्तुत किए। फिर मलखंभ, ड्रिल, डंबल, लेज़ियम के आकर्षक कार्यक्रम हुए। तत्पश्चात मंच के कार्यक्रम प्रारंभ हुए। विद्यालय के छात्रों ने मंत्रमुग्ध करने वाले अभिनय और गीत प्रस्तुत किए। प्राचार्य महोदय ने विद्यालय की प्रगति की रिपोर्ट पेश करते हुए विज्ञान के छात्रों के लिए नई प्रयोगशाला की कमी का उल्लेख किया। प्राचार्य के भाषण के बाद मुख्य अतिथि ने कार्यक्रम की भूरि-भूरि प्रशंसा की तथा प्रयोगशाला के लिए ₹ 51,000 दान देने की घोषणा की। विद्यालय का प्रांगण तालियों की ध्वनि से गूंज उठा। मुख्य अतिथि ने प्रतिभाशाली छात्रों को चहुँमुखी उन्नति की दिशा में बढ़ने की प्रेरणा दी तथा उनके प्रोत्साहन के लिए कई पुरस्कार योजनाएं शुरू करने की भी घोषणा की। अंत में इस वर्ष के पुरस्कार विजेताओं को मुख्य अतिथि के हाथों से पुरस्कृत किया गया। इसके साथ यह कार्यक्रम सोल्लास संपन्न हुआ।

अथवा

पत्र संख्या-61/9/20xx
21 जनवरी 20xx
महानिदेशक
भारतीय डाक-तार विभाग
भारत सरकार, नई दिल्ली
परिपत्र

विषय-अनुभाग अधिकारियों हेतु सामान्य निर्देश।

महोदय,
हाल ही के कुछ दिनों में अनुभाग अधिकारियों में बढ़ती लापरवाही व उनके खिलाफ मिल रही शिकायतों के मद्देनजर विभागान्तर्गत सभी अनुभाग अधिकारियों को इस बात के लिए सख्त निर्देशित किया जाता है कि वे बिना पूर्व अनुमति के कार्यालयों में अनुपस्थित न रहें तथा कार्यालय अनुदेशों की विधिवत् अनुपालना करें।
इन अनुदेशों की तरफ समुचित ध्यान दिया जाए। दोषी अनुभाग अधिकारियों के खिलाफ कठोर कार्यवाही अपेक्षित है। परिपत्र के प्रति लापरवाही अनुभाग अधिकारियों के विरुद्ध कठोर कानूनी कार्यवाही का ठोस कारण बन सकती है।
हस्ताक्षर
क,ख,ग
डाक-तार विभाग
भारत सरकार

(ii) बैठक के कार्यवृत्त का प्रारूप लिखिए।
अथवा
परिपत्र में विशेष ध्यान देने योग्य बात क्या है?
उत्तरः
(बैठक के कार्यवृत्त का प्रारूप)
आमतौर पर बैठक के कार्यवृत्त में निम्नलिखित भाग होते हैं

• कंपनी का नाम-पेज के ऊपरी भाग में बायीं ओर।
• दिनांक-पेज के दाहिनी तरफ सबसे ऊपर।
• विषय-पृष्ठ के ठीक बीच में।
• लोग–अनुपस्थित व्यक्तियों के नाम, उनकी भूमिकाएँ और उनकी अनुपस्थिति का कारण /(3 कॉलमों में)।
• एजेंडा (कार्यसूची)-बैठक में चर्चा का विषय।
• बैठक में उठाए गए मुद्दे-वक्ताओं के नाम व उनके द्वारा उठाए गए मुद्दे।
• सुझाव-वक्ताओं के नाम के साथ उनके सुझाव।
• फैसला-बैठक में लिया गया निर्णय।
• कार्यसूची-कौन-कौन से कार्य सौंपे गए और किसको सौंपे गए।
• भविष्य में होने वाली बैठक-अगली बैठक की तारीख और चर्चा का विषय।

अथवा

बैठक में लिए गए महत्वपूर्ण निर्णयों को कार्यान्वित करने के लिए परिपत्र जारी किया जाता है। जिस मुद्दे को लेकर पहला परिपत्र जारी किया जाता है, उस मुद्दे पर होने वाला फैसला भी परिपत्र के रूप में जारी किया जाता है जिसमें निर्णय को कार्यान्वित किए
जाने के निर्देश होते हैं।

प्रश्न 4.
निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए
(i) संचार क्रांति क्या है? इसका क्या परिणाम निकला? [3 + 2 = 5]
अथवा
संचार कितने प्रकार का होता है? लिखिए।
उत्तरः
संदेशों के आदान-प्रदान में लगने वाले समय और दूरी को कम करने के लिए मनुष्य ने संचार के माध्यमों की खोज कर संचार
क्रांति पैदा की, इसका परिणाम यह निकला कि संचार व जनसंचार के विभिन्न माध्यम जैसे टेलीफोन, इंटरनेट, फैक्स, समाचारपत्र, रेडियो, टेलीविजन और सिनेमा आदि की खोज ने न सिर्फ भौगोलिक दूरियाँ कम कर दीं बल्कि सांस्कृतिक और मानसिक रूप से भी मानव एक-दूसरे के करीब आ रहा है। अब तो ऐसा लगता है कि दुनिया एक गाँव में जैसे बदल गई हो। दुनिया के किसी भी कोने की कोई भी खबर जनसंचार माध्यमों के द्वारा कुछ ही मिनटों में हम तक पहुँच जाती है। ये माध्यम हमें केवल सूचनाएँ ही नहीं देते बल्कि हमें जागरूक बनाने में, हमारा मनोरंजन करने में भी अग्रणी भूमिका निभाते हैं।

अथवा

संचार एक जटिल प्रक्रिया है। अतः इसके कई रूप या प्रकार हैं

• सांकेतिक संचार-संकेतों द्वारा संदेश पहुँचाना जैसे-हाथ जोड़ना, पाँव छूना, सिगनल देना आदि सांकेतिक संचार हैं।
• मौखिक संचार-मुख द्वारा व्यक्त ध्वनियों के माध्यम से संदेश पहुँचाना। आपसी बातचीत, टेलीफोन आदि मौखिक संचार हैं।
• अमौखिक संचार-मौखिक संचार के अतिरिक्त अन्य संचार साधन, जैसे सांकेतिक व लिखित संचार आदि अमौखिक संचार कहलाते हैं।
• अंतःवैयक्तिक संचार-अकेले में स्वयं अपने साथ किसी विषय पर या मुद्दे पर सोच-विचार करना; विचार-मंथन करना, पूजा-इबादत-प्रार्थना करते वक्त ध्यान में रहना, भाषा, स्मृतियों, गीतों आदि से स्वयं को व्यक्त करना इस संचार का बुनियादी रूप है। इसे अंत:वैयक्तिक (इंट्रापर्सनल) संचार कहते हैं।
• अंतर वैयक्तिक-जब दो व्यक्ति आपस में और आमने-सामने संचार करते हैं तो इसे अंतर वैयक्तिक (इंटरपर्सनल) संचार कहते हैं। इसमें फीडबैक भी तुरंत मिलता है। हर कदम पर इस कौशल की जरूरत पड़ती है।
• समूह संचार-संचार का तीसरा प्रकार है-समूह संचार। इसमें एक समूह आपस में विचार-विमर्श या चर्चा करता है। समूह संचार का उपयोग समाज और देश के सामने उपस्थित समस्याओं को बातचीत और वाद-विवाद के ज़रिये हल करने के लिए होता
• जनसंचार-जब हम व्यक्तियों के समूह के साथ प्रत्यक्ष संवाद की बजाय किसी तकनीकी या यांत्रिक माध्यम के ज़रिये समाज के एक विशाल वर्ग से संवाद कायम करने की कोशिश करते हैं तो इसे जनसंचार (मास-कम्युनिकेशन) कहते हैं।

(ii) पीत पत्रकारिता को स्पष्ट कीजिए।
अथवा
समाचार के लिए जनरुचि का क्या महत्त्व है?
उत्तरः
अफवाहों, व्यक्तिगत आरोपों-प्रत्यारोपों, प्रेम-संबंधों का खुलासा, फिल्मी गपशप आदि से संबंधित समाचार पीत पत्रकारिता के अन्तर्गत आते हैं व उन्हें प्रकाशित करते हैं। यह पत्रकारिता सनसनी फैलाने का कार्य करती है। इस पत्रकारिता की शुरुआत अमेरिका में 19वीं सदी के उत्तरार्द्ध में हुई थी, क्योंकि वहाँ कुछ समाचार पत्रों के बीच पाठकों को आकर्षित करने के लिए आपस में प्रतिस्पर्धा प्रारंभ हो गई थी।

अथवा

समाचार-पत्र जनरुचि के पारखी होते हैं। इसी कारण समाचार-पत्रों में खेल, फिल्म, राजनीति, हिंसा आदि के अलग पृष्ठ होते हैं। प्रायः समाचार-पत्र पाठकों की रुचि के अनुसार ही समाचारों को स्थान प्रदान करते हैं। हर समाचार-पत्र का अपना एक विशेष पाठक वर्ग भी होता है। जिसके अनुसार वे समाचारों का चयन करते हैं।

रखण्ड-‘व’

प्रश्न 5.
निम्नलिखित तीन प्रश्नों में से किन्हीं दो प्रश्नों के उत्तर 50-60 शब्दों में दीजिए [3 × 2 = 6]
(i) परिवार के प्रति कवि की भावनाएँ व्यक्त कीजिए।
उत्तरः
परिवार के प्रति कवि की भावनाएँ अत्यन्त हृदयस्पर्शी व मार्मिक हैं। कारागार में कारावास का दंड भुगतते हुए वह स्वयं तो दुःखी है ही, लेकिन इससे अधिक दुःख इस बात का है कि उसके परिवार के लोग उससे न मिल पाने के कारण दुःखी हैं। कवि अपनी विवाहिता बहन को याद करता हुआ कहता है कि वह भी आज रक्षाबंधन पर मायके आई होगी और अपने एक भाई को घर पर न पाकर बहुत दुःखी हुई होगी। उसके चारों भाई चार सहयोगी भुजाओं के समान हैं। चारों बहनें स्नेह की प्रतिमूर्ति हैं। सभी बहनों व भाइयों में अत्यन्त स्नेह है व उनके बीच प्रेम और स्नेह का एक अटूट रिश्ता है। वह अपनी माँ को याद करते हुए कहता है कि उसके कारागार जाने के कारण उसकी माँ भी दुःखी व आहत है। कवि कहता है कि वह अपनी माँ की स्नेहमयी गोद में सिर रखकर सारे दुःख व कष्ट भूल जाता था। माँ के स्नेह और प्यार की धारा को वह कारागार तक महसूस करता है। वह भावुक होते हुए अपने पिता को याद कर रहा है। कवि के पिता उसको याद कर-करके रोने लगते हैं। वे अपने बाकी बच्चों को खेलते, उठते, बैठते देखकर कवि को याद कर दुःखी हो जाते हैं। कवि उनका सबसे प्यारा बेटा है व उनसे दूर कारागार में है। वे कवि की बात करते-करते भाव-विभोर हो उठते हैं। कवि उनको बिल्कुल भी दुःखी नहीं देखना चाहता। उसे अपने माता-पिता व पूरे परिवार से बहुत लगाव था।

सामान्य त्रुटियाँ

• कुछ छात्र कविता का अध्ययन ध्यानपूर्वक नहीं करते जिसके कारण कविता का केंद्रीय भाव नहीं समझ पाते।
• वे कविता का भावार्थ समझने में कठिनाई का अनुभव करते हैं।

निवारण

• छात्रों को कविता के शब्दों पर ध्यान देते हुए उसको आत्मसात करना चाहिए।
• कविता का भावार्थ समझने के बाद ही छात्र बहुविकल्पात्मक प्रश्नों के सही उत्तर का चुनाव कर सकने में सक्षम हो सकते हैं।

(ii) गज़ल किसे कहते हैं ? दुष्यंत कुमार की गज़ल की विशेषताएँ लिखिए।
उत्तरः
गज़ल काव्य लेखन की एक विधा है। इसमें एक ही बहर और वज़न के अनुसार शेर लिखे जाते हैं। ग़ज़ल में शेरों की संख्या विषम होती है। गज़ल के शेर में जो तुकांत शब्द आते हैं, उन्हें काफिया कहा जाता है और दोहराव वाले शब्दों को रदीफ कहते हैं। यह रुबाई छंद में लिखी जाती है। गज़ल में शीर्षक की आवश्यकता नहीं पड़ती। दुष्यंत कुमार की गज़ल में अद्भुत विशेषताएँ हैं। इन्होंने गज़ल विधा को हिन्दी में लिखकर प्रतिष्ठित किया। इनकी गज़लों के शेर साहित्यिक और राजनीतिक सभाओं में इस तरह से दोहराए जाते हैं मानो ये मुहावरे या लोकोक्तियाँ हों। इन्होंने अपनी गज़लों में साहित्यिक गुणवत्ता को कभी कम नहीं होने दिया। इसीलिए लोकप्रियता के मामले में इनकी गज़लों ने नए कीर्तिमान स्थापित किए। इनकी गज़लों में तत्सम व उर्दू शब्दों का खूबसूरत समावेश किया गया है। जैसे-मेरे सीने में नहीं तो तेरे सीने में सही, हो कहीं भी आग, लेकिन आग जलनी चाहिए।

(iii) “इस दौर में भी बचाने को बहुत कुछ बचा है।” आओ, मिलकर बचाएँ कविता के आधार पर उत्तर दीजिए।
उत्तरः
‘आओ, मिलकर बचाएँ’ नामक कविता प्रकृति-प्रेम और संस्कृति-प्रेम की कविता है। कवयित्री झारखण्ड के संथाली रंग और
जीवन-शैली को बचाना चाहती है। वह अपनी बस्तियों को शहरी अपसंस्कृति से बचाकर झारखण्ड की माटी के रंग में रंगी रहना चाहती है। वह चाहती है कि उनके जीवन में गर्माहट, ताजगी, हरियाली, भोलापन, अक्खड़पन, जुझारूपन बना रहे जो झारखण्डी संस्कृति की पहचान है। वे पहले की तरह धनुष-बाण, कुल्हाड़ी को धारण करें। उन्हें वही जंगल की ताजा हवा, नदियों की पवित्रता, पहाड़ी गीतों की धुन, मिट्टी की सुगन्ध, नाचने-गाने के लिए गीत और आँगन, रोने के लिए एकान्त, बच्चों के लिए खेल का मैदान, पशुओं के लिए हरी घास, बूढ़ों के लिए पहाड़ों की शान्ति मिलती रहे। वह अब भी पहले की तरह विश्वास, आशा और सपनों के संसार में जीना चाहती है।

प्रश्न 6.
निम्नलिखित चार प्रश्नों में से किन्हीं तीन प्रश्नों के उत्तर 50-60 शब्दों में दीजिए [3 × 3 = 9]
(i) ‘स्पीति रेगुलेशन’ क्या था? स्पष्ट कीजिए।
उत्तरः
‘स्पीति में बारिश’ पाठ एक यात्रा-वृत्तान्त है। स्पीति, हिमालय के मध्य में स्थित है। यह स्थान अपनी भौगोलिक एवं प्राकृतिक विशेषताओं के कारण अन्य पर्वतीय स्थलों से भिन्न है। लेखक ने इस पाठ में स्पीति की जनसंख्या, ऋतु, फसल, जलवायु और भूगोल का वर्णन किया है जो आपस में एक-दूसरे से सम्बन्धित हैं। कृष्णनाथ जी ने दुर्गम क्षेत्र स्पीति में रहने वाले लोगों के कठिनाई भरे जीवन का भी वर्णन किया है। कुछ युवा पर्यटकों का पहुँचना स्पीति के पर्यावरण को बदल सकता है। ठंडे रेगिस्तान जैसे स्पीति में उनका आना, वहाँ बूंदों भरा एक सुखद संयोग बन सकता है।

(ii) स्पीति के लोगों और मैदानी भागों में रहने वाले लोगों के जीवन की तुलना कीजिए। किनका जीवन आपको ज्यादा अच्छा लगता है और क्यों?
उत्तरः
स्पीति के लोगों का जीवन मैदानी भागों में रहने वाले लोगों के जीवन की तुलना में बहुत कठिन होता है। वहाँ जीवन-यापन की
आधुनिक सुख-सुविधाओं का अभाव होता है, जबकि मैदानी इलाकों में परिवहन, संचार, मनोरंजन आदि की पर्याप्त सुविधाएँ होती हैं। मैदानी इलाकों में जहाँ छः ऋतुएँ बदल-बदल कर आती हैं वहीं स्पीति में सर्दी व वसन्त दो ऋतुएँ ही होती हैं। सर्दी में तो सब कुछ जम जाता है। अतः मैदानी भागों में रहने वालों का जीवन स्पीति के लोगों से सुखी व सरल होने के कारण हमें ज्यादा अच्छा लगता है।

सामान्य त्रुटियाँ

• विद्यार्थियों को पाठ में आए तथ्यों को याद रखना कठिन लगता है।
• वे संबंधित प्रश्नों के सटीक उत्तर देने में भ्रमित हो जाते हैं।
• छात्रों में पाठ के प्रति रोचकता व एकाग्रता की कमी रहती है।

निवारण

• छात्र पाठ के प्रति रोचक भाव व एकाग्रता का भाव, रख कर ही सही प्रकार से अध्ययन कर सकते हैं।
• तथ्यों को बार-बार लिख-लिखकर याद रखा जा सकता है।

(iii) ‘बेचारा जामुन का पेड़। कितना फलदार था और इसकी जामुनें कितनी रसीली होती थीं ?’
(क) ये संवाद कहानी के किस प्रसंग में आए हैं?
(ख) इससे लोगों की कैसी मानसिकता का पता चलता है?
उत्तरः
(क) सचिवालय के लॉन में लगा जामुन का पेड़ रात को आँधी में गिर गया। उसके नीचे एक आदमी दब गया। सुबह होने पर सचिवालय के माली ने उसे देखा। उसने क्लर्कों को सूचना दी। सभी क्लर्क इकट्ठे हुए। वे जामुन का पेड़ गिरा देखकर उपर्युक्त बातें करने लगे।

(ख) इससे पता चलता है कि लोग संवेदना शून्य हो चुके हैं। उन्हें मरता हुआ आदमी भी द्रवित नहीं करता। वे इतने स्वार्थांध हैं कि मरते हुए आदमी को अनदेखा करके वे अपना हित पूरा करना चाहते हैं। उन्हें जामुन न मिलने की पीड़ा व्यथित करती है। ऐसे लोग लाश पर बैठकर भी रोटियाँ खा सकते हैं।

(iv) दुनिया के बारे में किसानों को बताना नेहरू जी के लिए क्यों आसान था?
उत्तरः
दुनिया के बारे में किसानों को बताना नेहरू जी के लिए आसान इसलिए था क्योंकि वे देश-विदेश के बारे में विभिन्न बातें पहले से ही जानते थे। वे भारत के पुराणों और महाकाव्यों को पढ़कर भारत के नगरों से परिचित हो चुके थे। तीर्थ-यात्राएँ करके देश के चारों कोनों से परिचित हो चुके थे। अनेक सैनिकों ने विश्व-युद्ध के दौरान विदेशों में जाकर युद्ध किया था और विदेशी नौकरियाँ की थीं। किसान तीसरे दशक में छाई विश्वव्यापी आर्थिक मंदी से भी परिचित थे।

प्रश्न 7.
निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए [3 + 2 = 5]
(i) रेजाणी पानी की क्या विशेषता है? इस शब्द का प्रयोग किसलिए किया जाता है?
अथवा
‘मेरा इतना सुख अभी तक कहाँ था’? लेखिका यह क्यों सोचती थी?
उत्तरः
पालर पानी और पाताल पानी के बीच में पानी का तीसरा रूप है-रेजाणी पानी। धरातल के नीचे जाकर पाताल पानी में न मिलकर बीच में ही नमी के रूप में रह जाने वाला पानी रेजाणी पानी कहलाता है। भूमि के अंदर खड़िया पत्थर की सतह के कारण यह पानी पाताल पानी में नहीं मिल पाता। इसी पानी को कुंइयों के माध्यम से इकट्ठा किया जाता है। पाताल पानी के बीच मिलने वाला पानी अर्थात् वर्षा को मापने के लिए इंच या सेंटीमीटर नहीं, रेजा शब्द का उपयोग होता है। रेजा धरातल में समाई वर्षा को मापता है।

अथवा

तातुश के घर में लेखिका को इतना स्नेह मिला कि वह अपने सारे दुःख भूल गई। तातुश हर समय उसका ख्याल रखते थे। उसे किसी चीज की कमी नहीं होने देते थे। उन्होंने उसे पढ़ने-लिखने के लिए प्रेरित किया। वह बीमार होती तो वे उसे डॉक्टर को दिखाते। उसके खाने-पीने का ध्यान रखते। तातुश ने लेखिका के तीन बच्चों को एक साथ कर दिया था। उन्होंने बड़े लड़के को काम पर रखवा दिया था। तातुश का इतना स्नेहपूर्ण व्यवहार देखकर ही लेखिका सोचती थी कि ‘मेरा इतना सुख अभी तक कहाँ था’?

(ii) कुंई की खुदाई फावड़े से क्यों नहीं की जाती?
अथवा
तातुश लेखिका को देखकर अक्सर क्या सोचते थे?
उत्तरः
कुंई का व्यास काफी छोटा होता है। सँकरी जगह में फावड़े से खुदाई का काम नहीं किया जा सकता। कुंई का व्यास इतना छोटा होता है कि चेजारों को हाथ फैलाने की जगह भी नहीं मिलती। वे बसौली से धीरे-धीरे मिट्टी की खुदाई करते हैं। जबकि फावड़े से खुदाई करने के लिए कम-से-कम दस हाथ का घेरा चाहिए। इसी कारण फावड़े से कुंई की खुदाई नहीं की जा सकती।

अथवा

तातुश यही सोचते थे कि बेबी ने क्या अपराध किया है जो उसे अकेले बच्चों के साथ जीवन गुजारना पड़ रहा है। उस पर घर का खर्च और लालन-पालन की सारी जिम्मेदारी आ पड़ी है। उसे निरपराध होकर भी लोगों की बातों का सामना करना पड़ता है। वे सोचते रहते थे कि इतनी सी उम्र में ही इस बेचारी ने अपनी जवानी को बच्चों के नाम कर दिया है।

Students can access the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 Business Studies with Solutions and marking scheme Term 2 Set 5 will help students in understanding the difficulty level of the exam.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 Business Studies Term 2 Set 5 for Practice

Time : 2 Hours
Maximum Marks : 40

General Instructions:

• This is a Subjective Question Paper containing 12 questions.
• This paper contains 4 questions of 2 marks each, 4 questions of 3 marks each and 4 questions of 5 marks each.
• Section A: 2 marks questions are Short Answer Type Questions and are to be answered in 30-50 words.
• Section B: 3 marks questions are Short Answer Type Questions and are to be answered in 50-80 words.
• Section C: 5 marks questions are Long Answer Type Questions and are to be answered in 80-120 words.
• This question paper contains Case/Source Based Questions.

Section – A
(2 Marks)

Question 1.
Identify and explain any two sources of finance which remain invested in the business for a longer duration and are not required to be refunded during the life period of the business. [2]

Question 2.
Saundarya Limited ‘is dealing in all types of cosmetic products. It is enjoying increased demand for its product during the last few years. For the purpose of modernisation of technology the company needs ?50 crores as additional capital. Chirag Kapoor, the finance manager of the company recommended that the funds can be raised directly from the public by offering higher interest rate than offered on bank deposit, for a period up to three years . Identify and explain the source recommended by Mr. Kapoor through which the company can raise additional funds. [2]

Question 3.
State the twin objectives with which promotion of small scale industries and rural industrialization has been considered by the Government of India as a powerful instrument. [2]

Question 4.
‘It is the process of improving skills and knowledge of entrepreneurship through various training and development programmes/identify the concept and explain one point of its need. [2]

Question 5.
Dheeraj after completing his master’s degree in management has decided to start Inis own enterprise with the name Dheeraj Food Industries in his village in Himachal Pradesh and opted for labour intensive techniques to provide employment to local people He took the help of DIC, a Govt, institution for promoting small scale industries to get knowledge about incentives and schemes launched by the government for opening small scale industries. It was estimated that, the food and beverages plant to be set up will require a fixed capital investment of T2 crore. The working capital requirements is estimated to be ₹30 lakh. The Directors of the company decided to raise the capital by issuing shares as well as taking loans from financial institutions.

(i) Identify the category into which this industry will be placed under MSMED Act.
(ii) State the services provided by DIC to the entrepreneurs for setting up small and village industries. [3]

Question 6.
Explain the services provided by Wholesalers to Manufacturers. [3]
OR
Explain the services provided by Retailers to Consumers. [3]

Question 7.
Dhamani Brothers have their small general store in the main market, which is very famous in that area as it keeps almost all the brands of products, sells them at reasonable prices and provides free home delivery to the regular customers. Identify the type of middleman Dhamani Brother’s firm is?

Explain how Dhamani Brother’s firm provide both the time and place utility. [3]

Question 8.
Hill tea Plantation Ltd is a reputed company of kerela in Munnar engaged in the field of tea production. The company was having its monopoly in the local and surrounding markets and was earning adequate profits. But with the entry of a big business house in the same line of product it’s management is worried about its future prospects. The company has to reduce its prices to maintain its market share, which is creating huge loss to the company. Secondly it’s facing problem of under utilization of plant capacity .In the board meeting the members came to the conclusion that internationalization of business is the final solution for the problems.

Explain any three benefits of internationalization of business which would be available to the company. [3]

Section – C
(5 Marks)

Question 9.
Elucidate the important features of a Departmental Store. [5]
OR
Discuss the features of Chain stores which makes it different from other fixed shop Retail Stores. [5]

Question 10.
What is meant by International Trade? State any four points how international business presents numerous opportunities and benefits to the nations. [5]

Case/Source Based Questions

Question 11.
Rachit Joshi started his logistics and transportation Firm A-One Packers and Movers in Jaipur 5 years ago by investing ₹5 Lakh. Seeing the high demand for the local and interstate relocation by the people he expanded his business in Delhi and Haryana by making an additional investment of ₹3 crore. He arranged the finances by taking loan from a Development Bank. [5]

(i) Identify the category of the small business owned by Rachit Joshi as per MSMED Act.
(ii) State any four incentives given by the government to promote SSIs.

Question 12.
Jio Chemline Ltd. is a company engaged in the manufacturing of chemicals. The company is planning to expand its business. For this, it needs to raise funds of 500 crore. After analyzing, Shivam, Finance Manager of the company proposed to raise the funds through issue of’ Debentures. Shivam also gave number of reasons for his choice. After listening to ail the points put forward by Shivam the Managing Director of the company was fully satisfied and asked Shivam to go ahead with the issue.
(i) Discuss the reasons which might have been given by Shivam, which convinced the Managing Director to go for issue of Debentures. [5]
OR
Santosh is working as a finance manager in a German Company producing remote operated high-end kitchen equipment. Considering festival demand, the company needs to increase its stock of raw material and finished goods which will require funds of ₹50 Lakh. The directors of the company have decided to expand the business by opening one more factory in India which will require funds of ₹3 crore and one branch in America requiring crore and one branch in Sri Lanka requiring crore investment. [5]

(i) Advise Santosh about the various sources of finance available to meet fund requirements for buying stock of raw material and finished goods.
(ii) Name various instruments used to raise money in international capital market.
(iii) To finance the establishment of factory in India, which financial instrument can be used on the pattern of ADR? Mention the name and explain its two features.

Students can access the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 Applied Mathematics with Solutions and marking scheme Term 2 Set 1 will help students in understanding the difficulty level of the exam.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 Applied Mathematics Term 2 Set 1 with Solutions

Time : 2 Hours
Maximum Marks : 40

General Instructions:

• The question paper is divided into 3 sections -A, B and C.
• Section A comprises of 6 questions of 2 marks each. Internal choice has been provided in two questions.
• Section B comprises of 4 questions of 3 marks each. Internal choice has been provided in one question.
• Section C comprises of 4 questions. It contains one case study-based question. Internal choice has been provided in one question.

Section – A [2 Marks each]

Question 1.
A particle moves along the curve x² = 2y. At what point, ordinate increases at the same rate as abscissa increases?
OR
A stone is dropped into a quiet lake and waves move in a circle at a speed of 3.5 cm/sec. At the instant when the radius of the circular wave is 7.5 cm, how fast is the enclosed area increasing?
Answer:
Given curve, x² = 2y …(i)
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. t, we get
2x\(\frac{d x}{d t}\)= 2\(\frac{d y}{d t}\)
⇒ 2x\(\frac{d x}{d t}\)= 2\(\frac{d y}{d t}\) (∵ Given, \(\frac{d y}{d t}=\frac{d x}{d t}\))
⇒ x = 1
From eq. (i), y = \(\frac{1}{2}\)
So, the required points is (1, \(\frac{1}{2}\))

Commonly Made Error: Some students get confused between abscissa and ordinate. Some student find y but fail to find the point by suitable substitution.

Answering Tip:
Adequate practice is required in problems involving rate of change of bodies.

OR

Let r be the radius and A be the area of circular wave at any time t.

Question 2.
Mr. Raghav aged 26 years and a resident in India, has a total income of ₹4,40,000, comprising his salary
income and interest on bank fixed deposit. Compute his tax liability for A.Y. 2020-21.
Answer:
Computation of tax liability of Mr. Raghav for A.Y. 2020-21

Particulars	₹
Tax on total income of ₹ 4,40,000
Tax @5% of ₹ 1,90,000 (₹ 4,40,000 – ₹ 2,50,000)	9,500
Less: Rebate u/s 87A (Since total income ≤ ₹ 5,00,000)	9,500
Tax Liability	Nil

Question 3.
A machine can be purchased for ₹50,000. Machine will contribute ₹12,000 per year for the next five years.
Assume borrowing is 10% per annum compounded annually. Determine whether machine should be purchased or not. Given P (5,0.10) = 3.79079.
OR
₹5000 is paid every year for three years to pay off a loan. What is the loan amount if interest rate be 14% per annum compounded annually?
Answer:
The present value of annual contribution
P.V. = C.F. × P(n, i)
Here, C.F. = ₹ 12,000, i = 10% = \(\frac{10}{100}\) = 0.10
n = 5
and P(5,0.10) = 3.79079
∴ P.V = 12000 × 3.79079
= ₹ 45489.48 %
which is less than the initial cost of the machine. Therefore, machine must not be purchased.
OR

Therefore, PV. = C.F. P{n, i)
= 5000 × 2.3216
= ₹ 11,608

Question 4.
Three identical dice are rolled. Find the probability that the same number appears on each of them.
Answer:
Since, three identical dice are rolled, so number of elements in the sample space S is
n(S) = 6³ = 216 y2
Let E be the event of getting same number on each of them i.e., E = {(1,1,1), (2,2,2), (3,3,3), (4,4,4), (5, 5,5), (6, 6,6)}
⇒ n(E) = 6
∴ P(E) = \(\frac{n(E)}{n(S)}=\frac{6}{216}=\frac{1}{36}\) Hence, the probability that the same number appears on all the three dice is \(\frac{1}{36}\).

Question 5.
Find the condition, if the two lines ax + by = c and a’x + b’y = a’b’ are perpendicular.
Answer:
The given lines are:
ax + by = c

⇒ aa’ + bb’ = 0, which is the required condition

Question 6.
Find the number of ways of selecting 9 balls from 6 red balls, 5 white balls and 5 blue balls if each selection consists of 3 balls of each colour.
Answer:
The number of ways of selecting 3 red balls out of 6 red balls = ⁶C₂
The number of ways of selecting 3 white balls out of 5 white balls = ⁵C₃
The number of ways of selecting 3 blue balls out of 5 blue balls = ⁵C₃
The number of ways of selecting 3 balls of each colour = \({ }^{6} C_{3} \times{ }^{5} C_{3} \times{ }^{5} C_{3}\)
= \({ }^{6} C_{3} \times{ }^{5} C_{3} \times{ }^{5} C_{3}\)
[Using property ⁿC_r = ⁿC_r-1
= \(\frac{6 \times 5 \times 4}{1 \times 2 \times 3} \times \frac{5 \times 4}{1 \times 2} \times \frac{5 \times 4}{1 \times 2}\)
= 20 × 10 × 10
= 2000

Section – B (4 marks each)

Question 7.
In a college, 70% students pass in Physics, 75% pass in Mathematics and 10% students fail in both. One student is chosen at random. What is the probability that:
(i) he passes in Physics given that he passes in Mathematics?
(ii) he passes in Mathematics given that he passes in Physics?
Answer:
Let x% students passes in both Mathematics and Physics.

Students who pass in Physics = 70%
∴ P(Ph) = \(\frac{70}{100}\)
Students who pass in Mathematics = 75%
∴ P(M) = \(\frac{75}{100}\)
Students who fail in both = 70%
Now, 70% – x + x + 75% – x = 90%
⇒ x = 55%
∴ P(M ∩ Ph) = \(\frac{55}{100}\)

(i) Probability that student passes in Physics given that he passes in Mathematics is

(ii) Probability that student passes in Mathematics given that he passes in Physics is

Question 8.
(i) Find the shortest distance of the point (8,1) from the circle (x + 2)² + (y – 1)² = 25.
(ii) Find the farthest distance of the point (1, 5) from the circle (x – 1)² + (y + 1)² = 16.
OR
Prove that the equation of parabola, whose vertex and focus are on the axis of X at distances a and a’ from the origin respectively, is y² = 4a(a’ – a) (x – a).
Answer:
(i) The centre of the circle (x + 2)² + (y – 1)² = 25 is C(- 2, 1) and its radius (r) is 5.

If P is the point (8,1), then
CP = |\(\sqrt{(8+2)^{2}+(1-1)^{2}}\)|
= 10 units
The shortest distance of P from the circle
= PA
= CP – AC
= 10 – 5
= 5 units

(ii) The centre of the circle (x – 1)² + (y + 1)² = 16 is C(1, – 1) and its radius (r) = 4.

If P is the point (1, 5), then
CP = \(\sqrt{(1-1)^{2}+(5+1)^{2}}\)
= 6
The farthest distance of point P(1, 5) from the circle = PB
= CP + BC
= 6 + 4
= 10 units

OR

Let A be the vertex and S be the focus of the required parabola and these lie on the X-axis. Since, distances of A and S from the origin are a and a’, respectively.
So, the coordinates of A are (a, 0) and coordinates of S are (a’, 0).

Therefore, AS = a’ -a = AZ
Also, ZM is the directrix of the parabola.
∴ OZ = OA – AZ
= a – (a’ – a) = 2a – a’
Now, consider any point P(x, y) on the parabola and draw PM perpendicular from P on the directrix and PN perpendicular on the X-axis, from figure, it is clear that
PM = NZ
= ON – OZ
= x – (2a – a’)
= x – 2a + a’
Therefore, by definition of parabola, we have
SP = PM
⇒ \(\sqrt{\left(x-a^{\prime}\right)^{2}+(y-0)^{2}}\) = x – 2a + a’
⇒ (x – a’)² + y² = (x – 2a + a’)²
⇒ y² = (x – 2a + a’)² – (x – a’)²
⇒ y² = [(x – 2a + a’) – (x – a’)]
[(x – 2a + a’) + (x – a’)]
⇒ y² = (2a’ – 2a) (2x – 2a)
⇒ y² = 4(a – a’)(x – a)
Hence Proved.

Question 9.
In an automobile factory, certain parts are to be fixed into the chassis in a section before it moves into another section. On a given day, one of the three people A, B and C carries out this task. A has 45% chance, B has 35% chance and C has 20% chance of doing the task. The probability that A, B and C will take more than the allotted time is \(\frac{1}{6}\), \(\frac{1}{10}\) and \(\frac{1}{20}\), respectively. If it is found that the time taken is more than the allotted time, what is the probability that A has done the task?
Answer:
Let E₁ E₂ and E₃ denote the events of carrying out the task A, B and C, respectively.
Let H denote the event of taking more time. Then, P(E₁) = 0.45, P(E₂) = 0.35 and P(E₃) = 0.20
Also,

Commonly Made Error:
Many students used Bayes’ Theorem correctly but took the probabilities of A, B, C as 45,35, and 20, instead of percentages. Some candidates did not implement the theorem correctly.

Answering Tip:
Be clear that probabilities are ratios and not numbers. Learn conditional probability concept which helps the student to understand the advance concept of Bayes’ Theorem.

Question 10.
The difference between simple and compound interests compounded annually on a certain sum of money for 2 years at 4% per annum is ₹1. Find the sum.
Answer:
Let the sum be ₹x. Then,
Compound Interest = A_n – P
⇒ I = P(1 + i)ⁿ – P
Here, P = x, i = 4% = \(\frac{4}{100}\) = 0.04, n =2
Compound Interest = x(1 + 0.04)² – x
= \(\frac{676}{625}\)x – x
= \(\frac{51 x}{625}\)
Now, simple interest,
I =Pit
= x × 0.04 × 2
= \(\frac{2 x}{25}\)
Since, given difference = ₹ 1
i.e., \(\frac{51 x}{625}-\frac{2 x}{25}\) = 1
⇒ x = 625

Section – C [4 Marks each]

Question 11.
How many words, with or without meaning can be made from the letters of the word ‘MONDAY’, assuming that no letter is repeated, if
(i) 4 letters are used at a time.
Answer:
In the word MONDAY, all letters are different.
(i) Out of 6 different letters, 4 letters can be selected in ⁶C₄ ways.
∴ Required number of words
= ⁶C₄ × 4! = ⁶P₄
= \(\frac{6 !}{(6-4) !}\) = \(\frac{6 !}{2 !}\) = \(\frac{6 \times 5 \times 4 \times 3 \times 2 !}{2 !}\) = 360

(ii) all letters are used at a time.
Answer:
The word ‘MONDAY’ has 6 different letters.
Number of ways taking 6 letters at a time = ⁶P₆
∴ Required number of words = ⁶P₆
= \(\frac{6 !}{(6-6) !}\) = \(\frac{6 \times 5 \times 4 \times 3 \times 2 \times 1}{0 !}\) = 720

(iii) all letters are used but first letter is a vowel.
Answer:
First, we will fix the vowel.
In the word MONDAY, there are two vowels O and A.
∴ First letter can be chosen by 2 ways.
Number of ways taking 5 different letters from remaining 5 letters = ⁵P₅
∴ Required number of words
= ⁵P₅ = \(\frac{5 !}{(5-5) !}\) = \(\frac{5 !}{0 !}\)
= 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 120
Hence, total number of ways = 2 × 120 = 240

Question 12.
Manjeet, Dilawar and Ravi live in the same city. Manjeet sells an article to Dilawar for ?60,000 and Dilawar sells the same article to Ravi at a profit of ₹8,000. If all the transactions are under GST system at the rate of 12%, find:
(i) The state-government tax (SGST) paid by Dilawar.
(ii) The total tax received by CGST.
(iii) How much does Ravi pay for the article?
OR
OR
X, who is a person with disability, submits the following information.

Particulars	Amount (₹)
(i) Salary (per annum)	3,05,000
(ii) Rent received (per month)	2,000
(iii) Dividend From Co-operative Society	3,000
(iv) Interest on Bank Deposits	7,000
(v) Interest on Government securities	5,000
(vi) Winnings from Lotteries	2,000
(vii) NSC (VIII Issue) purchased during the year	15,000
(viii) Deposit under PPF Scheme	35,000

He earned a long-term capital gain of ₹78,000 on sale of shares during the year. Compute
(a) the taxable income; (b) the tax payable for the assessment year 2020-21.
Answer:
Given the rate of GST = 12%
∴ CGST rate = SGST rate = 6%

(i) Tax paid by Dilawar to SGST = SGST received by Dilawar on selling price – SGST paid by him on purchasing
= \(\frac{6}{100}\) × (60,000 + 8,000) – \(\frac{6}{100}\) x 60,000 % 100 100
= \(\frac{6}{100}\) × 68,000 – \(\frac{6}{100}\) x 60,000
= \(\frac{6}{100}\) × (68,000 – 60,000)
= \(\frac{6}{100}\) × 8,000
= ₹ 480

(ii) Total tax received by CGST = CGST paid by Manjeet + CGST paid by Dilawar Vi
= \(\frac{6}{100}\) × 60,000 + ₹480 100
= ₹(3600 + 480)
= ₹4080

(iii) The amount, Ravi paid for the article
= Cost price of the article for Ravi with GST
= ₹ \(\left(68000+\frac{12}{100} \times 68000\right)\)
= ₹ (68000 + 8160)
= ₹ 76160

OR

(a) Computation of Total Income

Note: Income from winning of lotteries cannot be shifted to other income to claim full exemption of ₹ 2,50,000.

Question 13.
An air force plane is ascending vertically at the rate of 100 km/hr. If the radius of the earth is r km, how fast the area of the earth, visible from the plane, increasing at 3 minutes after it started ascending? Given that the visible area A at height h is given by A = 2πr²\(\frac{h}{r+h}\).
Answer:
It is given that the plane is ascending vertically at constant rate of 100 km/hr.
∴ \(\frac{d h}{d t}\) = 100 km/hr.
⇒ Height of the plane after 3 minutes = 100 × \(\frac{3}{60}\) = 5 km [Using h = vt]

We have to find when t = 3 minutes and at t = 3, we have h = 5 km.
∴ At t = 3,
\(\frac{d A}{d t}=\frac{200 \pi r^{3}}{(r+5)^{2}}\)

Question 14.
Dakshin Haryana Bijli Vitran Nigam, also known as DHBVN is an Indian state-owned power distribution utility company. It is owned by Government of Haryana and its headquarter is located in Hisar city of Haryana. It is responsible for distribution of power in 12 districts of Haryana.

Recently, it revised the tariff rates of electricity for both the industrial and domestic units as follows:
For industrial units:

Unit slab	Rate per unit (in ₹)	Fixed Charge (in ₹)
1-300	7.50	330
301-500	8.40	390
501 and above	8.75	450

For domestic units:

Unit slab	Rate per unit (in ₹)	Fixed Charge (in ₹)
1-150	5.50	110
151-300	6.00	125
301-500	6.50	187
501 and above	7.00	221

Electricity duty will be 5% (for both industrial and domestic units).
Based on the information given above, solve the following problems:
(a) Sumit owns a shoe factory and the monthly consumption of electricity units are 550, calculate the electricity bill. (2)
Answer:

Thus, final bill amount is ₹ 5058.38.

(b) Ranjana is a housewife and her monthly consumption of electricity units are 275, calculate the electricity bill. (2)
Answer:

Thus, final bill amount is ₹ 1785.

Students can access the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 Business Studies with Solutions and marking scheme Term 2 Set 4 will help students in understanding the difficulty level of the exam.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 Business Studies Term 2 Set 4 for Practice

Time : 2 Hours
Maximum Marks : 40

General Instructions:

• This is a Subjective Question Paper containing 12 questions.
• This paper contains 4 questions of 2 marks each, 4 questions of 3 marks each and 4 questions of 5 marks each.
• Section A: 2 marks questions are Short Answer Type Questions and are to be answered in 30-50 words.
• Section B: 3 marks questions are Short Answer Type Questions and are to be answered in 50-80 words.
• Section C: 5 marks questions are Long Answer Type Questions and are to be answered in 80-120 words.
• This question paper contains Case/Source Based Questions.

Section – A
(2 Marks)

Question 1.
Identify and explain any two sources of finance which remain invested in the business for a longer duration and are not required to be refunded during the life period of the business. [2]

Question 2.
Bakson Cakes and Cookies Ltd. challenged Cake Boutique Ltd. for the use of their trade secrets of baking cakes with minimum fats, no maida, no egg and their exclusive special designs of cakes and biscuits because Cake Boutique Ltd. is selling a range of products claiming the same features, same designs, same colour combinations and while using the packaging, which is deceptively similar to the packaging of Bakson Cakes Ltd. On the basis of the given information answer the following questions:
(i) Which concept of business protection laws can help Bakson Ltd. to protect themselves against Cake Boutiques Ltd ?
(ii) State any one purpose of the concept identified above. [2]

Question 3.
What purpose is served by the wholesaler by providing warehousing facilities? [2]

Question 4.
These shareholders do not get the right to participate in the annual meeting of the company but get the preferential right for the payment of dividends. Explain the preferential rights enjoyed by such shareholders.

Section – B
(3 Marks)

Question 5.
Ramya runs a cloth shop at her house in Jaipur selling exclusively designed Kurtis, skirts,dresses etc designed by her Fashion Designer friend Shipra. During Festive seasons she sells in local business Exhibitions and Trade fairs etc. During Covid times to have uninterrupted sales she started taking online orders from the customers. This has resulted not only in having wider access but also in great convenience to the customers in buying products of their requirements.

(i) Identify the type of intermediary Ramya is?
(ii) Enumerate any four functions performed by Ramya as a channel of distribution. [3]

Question 6.
Explain the services provided by Wholesalers to Manufacturers. [3]
OR
Explain the services provided by Retailers to Consumers. [3]

Question 7.
The capital structure of any company is said to be optimum when there is a balance between both owned and borrowed capital raised by the company as they both have their own merits and demerits. Write any three points of differences between owners’ fund and borrowed funds. [3]

Question 8.
Rohit a poor farmers son, is a very ambitious entrepreneur from a small village of Odisha. He, after completing his studies, wants to generate employment opportunities by promoting the local art of his village artisans by trading their goods in haat bazaars of various cities of Odisha, where their artwork can be sold for a good price. But he was not able to arrange resources to give practical shape to his business idea. His friend told him about Start up India scheme and benefits which are provided to entrepreneurs. Now Rohit is running his business as a successful entrepreneur [3]

(i) What is Start up India scheme?
(ii) Name any four ways to fund start ups.

Section – C
(5 Marks each)

Question 9.
“Identify the type of internal trade in which goods are sold and bought in large quantities for the purpose of resale or intermediate use. Enlist the features of such internal trade. H
OR
“Imagine your life without local markets”. What difficulties would a consumer face if there is no retail shop? [5]

Question 10.
Puma stores are networks of retail shops owned and operated by Puma Company. These shops operate in different parts of the country. One can easily identify these shops in any part of the country as they have same appearance; even their interior is also identical. All the shops are supplied the goods from head office only. Every store sell same goods at uniform prices.
(i) Identify the type of retail store mentioned in above case.
(ii) State any four features of this retail store. [5]

Case/Source Based Questions

Question 11.
Kalakriti Industries Ltd is a company manufacturing office furniture. The company choose to diversify its operations to improve its growth potential and to increase market share, withstanding competition from foreign companies. As the project was important, many alternatives were generated for the purpose and were thoroughly discussed amongst the members of the organisation. After evaluating various alternatives, Sukhvinder, the Managing Director of the company decided that they should add ‘Home Interiors and Furnishings’ as a new line of business activity and to increase their sales they should extend their market territories across the borders.

(i) Explain the benefits available to Kalakrati Industries by exporting their goods. [5]

Question 12.
Jaya, Rohit and Raman are three friends who have completed a vocational course in entrepreneurship after their school education. Finding the job market tough, they were contemplating the idea of setting up a small business using the skills they had learnt in their course. They came across a notification given by the District Industries Centre located near the Industrial Estate in VKIA Jaipur, Rajasthan regarding a seminar on Government assistance for a small business. They attended the seminar and got useful information about Government assistance to SSIs. Jaya decided to open a micro-enterprise as a fruit processing in her village. Rohit planned to start business of providing courier services in Jaipur city, Raman planned to start a small shoe manufacturing factory, in backward area of Odisha.

(i) Give the limit of investment in plant and machinery for Jaya’s small business.
(ii) What is the limit of investment in plant and machinery in case of Service Enterprises according to MSMED Act.
(iii) Why promotion of Small Scale Industries is considered as a powerful instrument for development? [5]
OR
Mansi a student of B.Com final year has decided to become an entrepreneur instead of working for others on salary basis. She is having interest in baking cakes cookies, etc. So she decided to start her own bakery in which she will be providing prompt delivery of customized cakes. She wants to run her business by learning all subtleties of the line of business she will be dealing with. One of her uncle advised her to register herself and attend entrepreneurship development programmes. [5]

(i) State the need of entrepreneurship development programme.
(ii) Explain the process of entrepreneurship development programme.

Students can access the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 Business Studies with Solutions and marking scheme Term 2 Set 3 will help students in understanding the difficulty level of the exam.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 Business Studies Term 2 Set 3 for Practice

Time : 2 Hours
Maximum Marks : 40

General Instructions:

• This is a Subjective Question Paper containing 12 questions.
• This paper contains 4 questions of 2 marks each, 4 questions of 3 marks each and 4 questions of 5 marks each.
• Section A: 2 marks questions are Short Answer Type Questions and are to be answered in 30-50 words.
• Section B: 3 marks questions are Short Answer Type Questions and are to be answered in 50-80 words.
• Section C: 5 marks questions are Long Answer Type Questions and are to be answered in 80-120 words.
• This question paper contains Case/Source Based Questions.

Section – A
(2 Marks each)

Question 1.
‘International businesses are large in size and provide employment to a large number of people.’

Identify and explain the scope of international business? [2]

Question 2.
Ritu is a wholesale dealer in women’s handbags. She deals with many small retailers, who buy handbags from her whenever they need them. She keeps the stock of handbags with her in large quantities. She provides warehousing facilities to various retailers. Identify the purpose served by Ritu in providing warehousing facilities? [2]

Question 3.
‘Entrepreneurs are always looking for opportunities to spread out, flourish and take their business to the next level. Modernization and diversification are excellent growth strategies.’ With reference to the given statement, explain why does a business need funds? [2]

Question 4.
Rohan is a businessman who deals in handicraft materials. He is planning to expand his business in rural areas. He wants to make use of the craftsmen and designers in the villages. Starting the business in rural areas will mitigate unemployment and alleviate poverty. Considering the case above, explain how small businesses mitigate unemployment and alleviate poverty. [2]

Section – B
(3 Marks each)

Question 5.
Shagun is a wholesaler, dealing in large quantities of laptops. She sells these to small shopkeepers/ retailers who further sell them to the customers. With the help of these small retailers who purchase the laptop from Shagun and sell them to the consumers, the consumers get various brands under one roof. What difficulties do you think will be faced by the consumers if retailers are eliminated from this chain? [3]

Question 6.
Briefly describe the features of equity shares. [3]
OR
Explain any two merits and two demerits of raising funds through preference shares. [3]

Question 7.
What forms of support are offered to small industries by the government? [3]

Question 8.
Rama is a village girl who came to Mumbai to visit her relatives. She went to a shop which is centrally located with her cousin. She became astonished by the varieties of goods which were sold in this shop. The prices were also fixed. Identify the type of shop being talked about here. Describe any two characteristics of such shops.

Section – C
5 Marks each

Question 9.
Explain the concept of international business. [5]
OR
Briefly explain the importance of international business. [5]

Question 10.
Differentiate between wholesaler and retailer. [5]

Case/Source Based Question

Question 11.
Rishika Ltd. company, an IT company registered in India wants to top the huge amount of resources for its growth and expansion from the U.K. for long-term needs. It also needs money for a period of less than 3 years to meet its medium- and short-term needs. The company is following the practice of educating and giving employment to underprivileged youth. Also, 50% of its electricity is generated through solar power. Considering the case above, identify two sources of finance that should be used by the company to meet its requirement. State two characteristics of each source of finance. [5]

Question 12.
Rohan and Ravi graduated from IIT Delhi in 2010. Rohan got placed through campus placement in IBM. He encouraged Ravi to sit in other campus placement rounds but Ravi was planning to start his small business of manufacturing leather bags. Rohan was not in favor of his start-up and thought that he cannot earn and contribute to the economic development of the country as much as he could by working in an MNC. Ravi explained the role of entrepreneurship in economic development to him. List down the points Ravi would have to Rohan. [5]
OR
Shreeji Ltd. deals in various types of spices. They have shops in several cities and are located centrally in tire market areas. The owners of Shreeji Ltd. planned to expand the business and start operations in rural areas as well. They started a small unit in a village and employed many residents. They used the expertise of village people in developing new varieties and tastes of the spices. Identify and explain any five problems Shreeji Ltd. would have faced in establishing operations in a rural area. [5]

Students can access the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 Applied Mathematics with Solutions and marking scheme Term 2 Set 2 will help students in understanding the difficulty level of the exam.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 Applied Mathematics Term 2 Set 2 with Solutions

Time : 2 Hours
Maximum Marks : 40

General Instructions:

• The question paper is divided into 3 sections -A, B and C.
• Section A comprises of 6 questions of 2 marks each. Internal choice has been provided in two questions.
• Section B comprises of 4 questions of 3 marks each. Internal choice has been provided in one question.
• Section C comprises of 4 questions. It contains one case study-based question. Internal choice has been provided in one question.

Section – A [2 Marks each]

Question 1.
Evaluate

OR
Differentiate 3^x + x³ + 4x – 5 with respect to x.
Answer:

OR
Let, f(x) = 3^x + x³ + 4x – 5
f'(x) = \(\)f(x)
f’(x) = \(\)(3^x + x³ + 4x – 5)
= 3^x in 3 + 3² + 4 × 1
= 3^xln 3 + 3x² + 4

Question 2.
Five 100 W bulbs are used for 10 hours every day for 30 days. Find the cost of electricity if the rate is ₹ 4.00 per unit.
Answer:
Five bulbs consume the power of 100 W each.
The total power consumed by 5 bulbs = 5 × 100
= 500 W = 0.5 kilowatt
(∵ lkW = 1000 W)

Electrical energy consumed daily is,
E = P × t = 0.5 kW × 10 hours 14 = 5 kWh.

Thus, total electrical energy consumed for 30 days
= 5 kWh × 30 days = 150 kWh or 150 units.

The cost of 1 unit of electricity
= ₹ 4

Thus, the total cost of electricity = ₹ 4 × 150 = ₹ 600

Question 3.
Mr. Roy need to borrow money. His neighbourhood bank charges 8% interest compounded semi-annually. An internet bank charges 7.9% interest compounded monthly. At which bank will Mr. Roy pay lesser amount of interest?
OR
ABC Ltd. wants to lease out an asset costing ₹ 36,000 for five years has fixed rental of ₹ 1,05,000 per annum payable annually starting from the end of first year. Suppose rate of interest is 14% per annum compounded annually on which money can be invested by the company. Is this agreement favourable to the company ?
Answer:
Compare effective rates : Neighbourhood bank,
E = (1 + \(\frac{0.08}{2}\))² – 1
= 0.0816 ≈ 8.16%

Internet bank,
E = (1 + \(\frac{0.79}{12}\))² – 1 = 0.08192 ≈ 8.19%
The neighbourhood bank has the lower effective rate although it has a higher nominal (actual) rate.
OR
First we have compute the present value of the annuity of ₹ 1,05,000 for five years at the interest rate of 14% p.a. compounded annually.
The present value PL of the annuity is given by = C.F. × P(n, i)
Here, C.F. = 1,05,000, i = 14% = 0.14, n = 5 and P(n, i) = P(5, 0.14) = 3.43308
∴ P.V. = 1,05,000 × 3.43308
= ₹ 360473.40
which is greater than the initial cost (₹ 3,60,000) of the asset and consequently leasing is favourable to the lessor.

Question 4.
A couple has 2 children. Find the probability that both are boys, if it is known that (i) one of them is boy (ii) the older child is a boy.
Answer:
Sample space = {B₁, B₂, B₁ G₂, G₁ B₂, G₁ G₂} where, B₁ and G₁ are the older boy and girl, respectively.

Let E₁ = both the children are boys
E₂ = one of the children is a boy
E₃ = the older child is a boy

(i) P(one of them is a boy) = P\(\left(\frac{E_{1}}{E_{2}}\right)\)
= \(\frac{P\left(E_{1} \cap E_{2}\right)}{P\left(E_{2}\right)}=\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{\frac{3}{4}}=\frac{1}{3}\)

(ii) P(older child is a boy) = P\(\left(\frac{E_{1}}{E_{3}}\right)\)
= \(\frac{P\left(E_{1} \cap E_{3}\right)}{P\left(E_{3}\right)}=\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{\frac{2}{4}}=\frac{1}{2}\)

Commonly Made Error:
Students get confused while finding (E₁ ∩ E₂) and (E₁ ∩ E₃). Errors are also made in using conditional probability formulae.

Answering Tip
Independent cases or mutually exdusive situations need plenty of illustration. Conditional probability problems need to be practice thoroughly.

Question 5.
If ’p’ is the length of the perpendicular from the origin to the given line whose intercepts on axes are ‘a’ and ‘b’, then find the relation between a, b and p.
Answer:
Equation of the line which makes intercepts ‘a’ and ‘b’ on the axes is
\(\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}\) = 1

∴ The perpendicular distance ‘p’ from the origin is

Question 6.
In how many ways can the letter of the word “PENCIL” be arranged so that I is always next to L.
Answer:
There are 6 letters in the word “PENCIL”. Consider LI as one letter. Now, 5 letters (P E, N, C,… LI) can be arranged in ⁵P₅ = 5! = 120 ways.
Hence, the total number of ways in which I is always next to L is 120.

Commonly Made Error:
Sometimes students take permutation of 5 letters arrangement as ⁶P₅ instead of ⁵P₅. which leads to incorrect result.

Answering Tip:
Read the question carefully and then decide whether to take ⁶P₅ on ⁵P₅.

Section – B [3 Marks each]

Question 7.
A young man visits a hospital for medical check up. The probability that he has lungs problem is 0.55, heart problem is 0.29 and either lungs or heart problem is 0.57. What is the probability that he has
(i) both type of problems: lungs as well as heart ?
(ii) lungs problem but not heart problem ?
(iii) Out of 1000 persons, how many are expected to have both type of problems ?
Answer:
Let ‘L’ and ‘H be the events that the young man has lungs problem and heart problem respectively.
∴ P(L) = 0.55, P(H) = 0.29, P(L ∪ H) = 0.57 P(E ∩ H) = ?
(i) We know that,
⇒ P(E ∪ H) = P(L) + P(H) – P(L ∩ H)
⇒ P(L ∩ H) = P(L) + P(H) – P(E ∪ H)
⇒ 0.55 + 0.29 – 0.57
= 0.27
∴ The probability that he has both the problems is 0.27.

(ii) P(E ∩ H) = P(E) – P(E ∩H)
= 0.55 – 0.27 = 0.28 1
∴ The probability that he has lungs problem but not heart problem is 0.28.

(iii) Out of 1000 persons, the number of
persons having both the problems = 0.27 × 1000 = 270.

Question 8.
If two diameters of a circle lie along the lines x – y – 9 = 0 and x – 2y – 7 = 0 and the area of the circle is 38.5 sq. units, find the equation.
OR
A double ordinate of parabola y² = 4ax is of length 8a. Prove that the lines from the vertex to its ends are at right angles.
Answer:
Given, two diameters of a circle lie along the lines
x – y – 9 = 0 …(i)
and x – 2y – 7 = 0 …(ii)
So, their point of intersection is the centre of the circle.
Solving eqs. (i) and (ii), simultaneously, we get
x = 11 and y = 2
∴ The centre of the circle is (11, 2).
Let r be the radius of the circle, then
Area = πr² = 38.5 sq units (given)

∴ The equation of the circle is
(x – 11)² + (y – 2)² = (\(\frac{7}{2}\))²
x² + y² – 22x – 4y + 125 = \(\frac{49}{4}\)
= x² + y² – 22x – 4y + 125 – \(\frac{49}{4}\) = 0
= 4(x² + y²) – 88x – 16y + 451 = 0
is the required equation of circle.

OR

Let PQ be the double ordinate of length 8a of the parabola y² = 4ax. Then, PR = QR = 4a.
Let AR = x₁ then coordinates of point P are (x₁ 4a) and coordinates of point R are (x₁ – 4a).

Since, P lies on y² = 4ax
(4a)² = 4ax₁
⇒ x₁ = 4a

So, coordinates of P and Q are (4a, 4a) and (4a, – 4a), respectively.
Also, the coordinates of the vertex A are (0, 0)
∴ m₁ = slope of AP = \(\frac{4 a-0}{4 a-0}\) = 1
and m₂ = slope of AQ = \(\frac{-4 a-0}{4 a-0}\) = -1
Clearly, m₁m₂ = -1
Hence, AP ⊥ AQ.
Thus, the lines from the vertex of its ends are at right angles.
Hence Proved.

Question 9.
In a single throw of two dice, determine the probability of getting a total of 7 or 9.
Answer:
Let S be the sample space. Then, n(S) = 6² = 36
Let ‘A’ and ‘B’ be the events of getting a total of 7 and 9 respectively.
∴ A = {(1,6), (2, 5), (3,4), (4, 3), (5,2), (6,1)}
n(A) = 6
B = {(3,6), (4,5), (5,4), (6, 3)} A ∩ (B) = 4
A ∩ B = Φ ⇒ n(A ∩ B) = 0 n(A) 4
∴ P(A) = \(\frac{n(A)}{n(S)}=\frac{4}{36}\)
P(B) = \(\frac{n(B)}{n(S)}=\frac{4}{36}\)

and P(A ∩ B) = \(\frac{n(A \cap B)}{n(S)}\) = 0

We know that,
P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A ∩ B)
= \(\frac{6}{36}+\frac{4}{36}\) – 0
= \(\frac{10}{36}=\frac{5}{18}\)
∴ The probability of getting a total of 7 or 9 is \(\frac{5}{18}\)

Question 10.
A machine with useful life of seven years costs ₹ 10,000 while another machine with useful life of five years costs ₹ 8,000. The first machine saves labour expenses of ₹ 1,900 annually and the second one saves labour expenses of ₹ 2,200 annually. Determine preferred course of action. Assume cost of borrowing as 10% compounded per annum.
[Given, P(7,0.10) = 4.86842, P(5,0.10) = 3.79079]
Answer:
The present value of annual cost saving for the first machine = C.F. × P(n, i)
Here, C.F. = ₹ 1900, P(n, i) = P(7, 0.10) = 4.86842
n = 7 and i = 10% = \(\frac{10}{100}\) = 0.10
∴ Present value = 1900 × P(7, 0.10)
= 1900 × 4.86842 A
= 9249.99 = ₹ 9250
Cost of machine being ₹ 10,000, it costs more by ₹ 750 than it saves in terms of labour cost. A The present value of annual cost saving of second machine
= C.F. × P(n, i)
= 2000 × P(5, 0.10)
= 2000 × 3.79079 = ₹ 8339.74
Cost of the second machine being ₹ 8000, effective saving in labour cost is ₹ 339.74. Hence, the second machine is preferable.

Section – C [4 Marks each]

Question 11.
A group consists of 4 girls and 7 boys. In how many ways can a team of 5 members be selected if a team has :
(a) no girl
(b) at least 3 girls
Answer:
(i) no girl

(ii) at least 3 girls?
Since, the team has to consist of at least 3 girls, the team can consist of
(a) 3 girls and 2 boys
(b) 4 girls and 1 boy

(a) 3 girls and 2 boys

Number of ways selecting = ⁷C₂ × ⁴C₃
= \(\frac{7 !}{2 ! 5 !} \times \frac{4 !}{3 ! 1 !}\)
= \(\frac{7 \times 6}{2 \times 1}\) × 4
= 84

(b) 4 girls and 1 boy

Number of ways selecting = ⁷C₂ × ⁴C₃
= \(\frac{7 !}{1 ! 6 !} \times \frac{4 !}{4 ! 0 !}\)
= 7 × 1
= 7

∴ Total number of ways = 84 + 7 = 91

Question 12.
From the following information, compute the tax liability of R, for the assessment year 2020-21.

	₹
Business income	4,60,000
Receipt from sale of trees of spontaneous growth	1,00,000
Agricultural income	60,000

OR
For a non-domestic connection monthly consumption of water is 150 kilolitres, then find the water bill for a month. Tariff rates can be considered as the table given below:

Monthly Consumption (in Kilolitre)	Service Charge (in ₹)	Volumetric Charge (Per kl in ₹)
0-06	146.41	17.57
06-15	292.82	26.35
15-25	585.64	35.14
25-50	1024.87	87.85
50-100	1171.28	140.56
>100	1317.69	175.69
Plus Sewer Maintenance Charge: 60% of water volumetric charge

Answer:
Computation of tax liability of R

Note: Receipt from sale of trees which are of spontaneous growth is a capital receipt and not taxable under the head capital gain as trees of spontaneous growth can be said to be self generated and their cost of acquisition cannot be determined.

OR
Volumetric Charge for consumption upto 6 kl = ₹ 6 × 17.57 = ₹ 105.42
Volumetric Charge for consumption between 6-15 kl = ₹ 9 × 26.35 = ₹ 237.15
Volumetric Charge for consumption between 15-25 kl = ₹ 10 × 35.14 = ₹ 351.4
Volumetric Charge for consumption between 25-50 kl = ₹ 25 × 87.85 = ₹ 2196.25
Volumetric Charge for consumption between 50-100 kl = ₹ 50 × 140.56 = ₹ 7028
Volumetric Charge for consumption between 100-150 kl = ₹ 50 × 175.69 = ₹ 8784.5

Total volumetric Charge for consumption of
150 kl = (105.42 + 237.15 + 351.4 + 2196.25 + 7028 + 8784.5) = ₹ 18702.72
Service Charge = ₹ 1317.65
Sewage Charges = 60% of Volumetric Charges
= 18702.72 × 60% = ₹ 11221.63
Amount of water bill for the given month =
₹ (18702.72 + 13I7.65 + 11221.63) = ₹ 31242
Thus, amount of non-domestic water bill is ₹ 31242.

Question 13.
Find the derivative of \(\frac{x+1}{x-1}\) by the first principle method.
Answer:

Question 14.
In XI standard, teacher was discussing the concept of Future Value of Annuity Regular. During his class, he discussed the following few points on this: ₹ 500 was invested in annuity (future value regular) for 10 years at the rate of 14% compounded annually.

On the basis of the above information, answer the following questions:
If C.F. be the periodic payments, (cash flow in each period), the future value F.V (n, i) of the annuity is given by:
Future value (F.V) of an Annuity = C.F\(\left[\frac{(1+i)^{n}-1}{i}\right]\)
(a) What will be the future value of annuity at the end of two years? Given that (1.14)² = 1.2996. Also,
find the future value of the annuity after 3 years. Given that (1.14)³ = 1.4815 (2)
(b) What is the approximate difference between the future value of the annuity for five years and three years? Given that (1.14)⁵ = 1.925. What is the difference between the profit earned by future value of the annuity for two years and the ₹ 1000 invested compounded for two years with the same interest rate? (2)
Answer:
(a) By using formula,
F.V. of an Annuity= C.F.\(\left[\frac{(1+i)^{n}-1}{i}\right]\)
Here, C.E = 500, i = 0.14, n = 2
By putting these values, we get:
EV. of an Annuity at the end of two years
= 500\(\left[\frac{(1+0.14)^{2}-1}{0.14}\right]\)
= \(\frac{0.2996}{0.14}\)
= 500 × 2.14
= ₹ 1070
Also, EV. of annuity at the end of three years:
After three years future value of an annuity

(b) The approximate difference between the future value of the annuity for five years and three years:
After three years future value of the annuity
= ₹ 1719.64
After five years future value of the annuity

Therefore, difference
= 3305.57 – 1719.64
= ₹ 1585.93
Now, the difference between the profit earned by future value of the annuity for two years and the 1000 invested compounded for two years with the same interest rate:
Amount = P\(\left[1+\frac{r}{100}\right]^{n}\)
r = rate of interest,
n = number of years
P = principal
1000 [1.14]² = 1299.6
Future value of annuity after two years
= ₹ 1070
∴ Difference = ₹ 1299.6 – ₹ 1070
= ₹ 229.6

Students can access the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 Business Studies with Solutions and marking scheme Term 2 Set 2 will help students in understanding the difficulty level of the exam.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 Business Studies Term 2 Set 2 with Solutions

Time : 2 Hours
Maximum Marks : 40

General Instructions:

• This is a Subjective Question Paper containing 12 questions.
• This paper contains 4 questions of 2 marks each, 4 questions of 3 marks each and 4 questions of 5 marks each.
• Section A: 2 marks questions are Short Answer Type Questions and are to be answered in 30-50 words.
• Section B: 3 marks questions are Short Answer Type Questions and are to be answered in 50-80 words.
• Section C: 5 marks questions are Long Answer Type Questions and are to be answered in 80-120 words.
• This question paper contains Case/Source Based Questions.

Section – A
(2 Marks)

Question 1.
Finance is not only needed to open a business, even the day-to-day running of a business requires a constant stream of finance.’ Explain the meaning of finance and its importance in business. [2]
Answer:
For carrying out business, firms need money, which is also called finance. Finance can be defined as managing money and investing, borrowing, saving, etc. It can also be defined as the process of raising funds or capital for a business. A business needs to run its operations smoothly and successfully. No business can run its operations smoothly without the availability of the right amount of funds at the right cost and the right time.

Commonly Made Error

• Students give the definition of business finance here instead of finance.

Answering Tip

• Students should read the question carefplly and write the answer.

Question 2.
The District Industries Centres offers a subsidy loan scheme for young professionals under the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment guidance. It was established in 1978 and was initiated by the central government to promote small-scale industries in smaller towns. DICs’ primary focus is to generate employment in rural regions of India. Considering the above para, state two main functions of the District Industrial Centre (DIC)? [2]
Answer:
Two main functions of the District Industries Centre are:

• Recognizing and supporting the new entrepreneurs financially.
• Providing financial support to small units.
• Development and expansion of industrial clusters.
• Identification of suitable schemes.
• Preparation of feasibility reports
• Arranging for credit, machinery and equipment (Any two)

Question 3.
‘Countries that can produce a product at lower cost will be able to gain a larger share in the market’.
Which benefit of international trade is being talked about here? Elaborate. [2]
Answer:
International trade promotes efficiency in production as countries adopt better methods of production to produce at lower costs to remain competitive. By adopting this, countries can produce products at lower costs and will be able to gain a larger share in the market. Hence, the efficiency of production rises. This will also help in increasing the standards of the product and consumers will have a good quality of products to consume.

Question 4.
Suman is a retailer of leather boots. She usually buys the goods from Ravi, who is a wholesaler of leather boots. Both, Suman and Ravi deal in goods within the country, and Suman sells them to the end customers. Identify the type of trade Suman and Ravi are engaged in. [2]
Answer:
Suman and Ravi are engaged in Internal Trade, which refers to buying and selling of goods and services within the boundaries of a nation. Ravi is a wholesaler and Wholesale Trade refers to buying and selling of goods and services in large quantities for resale or immediate use. Suman is a retailer selling goods to the end customer.

Section – B
(3 Marks each)

Question 5.
Pepper Ltd. is a manufacturing company co-owned by Ratul and Shakti. The firm made a profit of ₹ 200 crore in 2010. Ratul and Shakti decided to expand the operations of the business and open a new department. To expand the business operations, what options do Ratul and Shakti have? Identify various sources of funds on the basis of ownership and discuss the different types of owner’s funds that are available. [3]
Answer:
Sources of funds based on ownership are:

• Owner’s funds
• Borrowed funds

The owner’s funds can be raised by issuing preference shares, retained earnings, equity shares, etc.

1. Preference shares: Preference shares are the types of shares for which dividends are paid to shareholders before the payment of common stock dividends.
2. Retained earnings: Retained earnings are an accumulation of the company’s net income over all the years that the business has been in operation.
3. Equity shares: Equity shares are long-term financing sources for any company which are issued to the general public and are non-redeemable.

Question 6.
‘To facilitate MSMEs in accessing credit assistance from nationalized and private sector banks/Discuss the scheme of NSIC being indicated here. [3]
OR
Mention three main objectives of small-scale industries. [3]
Answer:
The ‘Bank Credit Facilitation’ scheme of NSIC is being discussed here. NSIC has partnered with several private and public sector banks to fulfill the credit needs of micro, small and medium enterprises. The firms can get credit support by following the proper documentation process. The firms can download the loan application forms from the banks’ official website under the Banks Credit Facilitation scheme.

OR

The main objectives of small-scale industries are:

• To provide an opportunity for large-scale employment at a minimum cost.
• To meet the growing demands of the consumer goods and simple producer goods.
• To ensure maximum utilization of unexploited resources of the country.
• To help in the development of rural and under-developed regions of the country.

Question 7.
Discuss the services of retailers to manufacturers and wholesalers. [3]
Answer:
Retailers provide the following services to wholesalers and manufacturers:

1. Help in the distribution of goods: Retailers assist in the dissemination of manufacturers’ products by making them available to end-users who may be dispersed across a vast geographical area.
2. Personal selling: Retailers relieve producers of this work and considerably assist them in the process of actualizing product sales by engaging in personal selling efforts.
3. Enabling large-scale operations: Retailers allow them to function at a somewhat large scale, allowing them to focus totally on their other tasks.
4. Collecting market information: Retailers are a significant source of market data about customer tastes, interests, etc. which can help marketers to make critical marketing decisions. (Any three)

Question 8.
International trade has an adverse impact on the development of domestic countries. If we take the example of Iran, we know that crude oil cannot be produced by every country and that is why Iran is at a disadvantage all the time due to the monopoly of oil-exporting nations. The exploitation of the importing country by the exporting country can take place. Keeping in mind the case above, point out any four disadvantages of international trade for the underdeveloped and developing countries. [3]
Answer:
Following are the disadvantages of international trade for underdeveloped and developing countries:
(i) Economic Dependence: Most underdeveloped and developing countries are dependent on exporting countries for importing the goods and services for their economic development. Too much dependence on exporting countries has serious political and socio-economic implications.

(ii) Dumping of goods: Many exporting countries capture the market in underdeveloped countries, dump their goods at throwaway prices. Though such goods are inferior and have shorter life; they attract customers in importing countries which results in cutthroat competition to domestic industries.

(iii) Adverse effect on the BOP (Balance of Payments): Because of relatively more freedom in international hade, the underdeveloped and developing nations are not in a position to compete with developed countries due to lack of competence. Thus, the balance of trade remains negative on a long-term basis.

(iv) Colonialism: International trade leads to colonialism in the world, which means the domination of developed countries over-dependent underdeveloped countries to fulfill their mean interests.

Commonly Made Error

• Students mention the disadvantages without headings and in detail.

Answering Tip

• Students should mention the disadvantages along with the headings for better understanding and clarity.

Section – C
(5 Marks)

Question 9.
Differentiate between owner’s funds and borrowed funds. [5]
OR
‘Public deposits are received by a company from the public as unsecured debt.’ Discuss the concept of public deposits. [5]
Answer:

Owner’s funds	Borrowed Funds
The owner’s funds are the total amount invested by the owner of an enterprise and the accumulated profits that they have re-invested in the business.	Borrowed funds are loans or credits taken by a business from other financial institutions.
The owner’s contribution to capital is perma­nent. It is a permanent source of investment for a business that remains with the company till it winds up its operations.	Borrowed funds are a temporary source of investment for a business that is paid back to the creditors after the completion of a specific period. It is fixed as per the time limit, i.e., borrowed for 6 months, 1 year, etc.
The owner’s funds require no security.	Business gets loan against the security of assets.
The control of the enterprise rests with the individuals or entities that provide the capital for business. The owners have the full right to control business activities.	Borrowed fund holder has no right to control the business activities. The providers of borrowed funds do not get any stake in the control of the enterprise by providing funds.
The reward for the Owner’s funds is the dividend that they get at the end of the year.	The reward for borrowers’ funds is the fixed rate of interest that they get periodically.
The owners get second priority in terms of the return of capital. The dividend on the owner’s funds is paid only after the payment of interest on the borrowed funds.	The borrowers get priority in terms of return of capital. The interest on borrowed funds gets paid before the payment of dividends on the owner’s funds.

OR
Public deposits are the deposits raised by business organizations from the public. Any member of the public can fill-up the form and deposit money with the company. The company issues a deposit receipt in return. The rate of interest on these deposits depends upon the period of deposit and the reputation of the company.

A company can invite public deposits for a period of 1 year to 5 years. Public deposits refer to the deposits received by a company from the public as unsecured debt. These are preferred by the companies because they are cheaper than bank loans. These are a very convenient source of business finance. Interest paid on public deposits is tax-deductible which reduces tax liability.

Question 10.
Discuss the role of small businesses in India with special reference to rural areas. [5]
Answer:
Small businesses are small in size and are owned and controlled by a limited number of people. These businesses require a small amount of capital to start. They provide profits to their owners and serve the local community. These businesses are mostly operated in rural parts of the country to provide employment to a large number of people and strengthen them financially.

The role of small businesses can be described as:

(i) Generates employment: Small businesses employ a large number of people in rural areas. They are more concerned about the laborers in rural areas and employ unskilled workers in their operations. Hence, they play an important role in reducing poverty and improving the lives of people in rural areas.

(ii) Best utilization of local resources: There are a variety of resources in rural areas. These resources include sufficient and cheap raw materials and cheap labor. Small Industries use these resources to the full extent and make the better utilization of these resources.

(iii) Promotes rural development and growth: Rural development or industrialization is one of the main functions of the industries located in rural areas. It also helps in the removal of poverty from the villages.

(iv) Increase tax revenue: As the industries employ a large number of people in rural areas, they are earning efficiently and generating revenue. These industries pay taxes to the government on then incomes. When the industries are increasing, the number of laborers is increasing, the tax revenue to the government is also increases.

Case/Source Based Question

Question 11.
Sheetal Ltd., a handbag manufacturing company owned by Shree, opens its shops in different Indian locations. She sells goods in cash only. The shops have identical decorations and fixed prices of goods. This way they help in eliminating unnecessary middlemen and benefit the customers. Keeping in mind the above situation, answer the following questions: [5]
(i) Identify the type of shop referred to.
(ii) State a few characteristics of such shops.
Answer:
(i) The shops being talked about in the para are multiple shops or chain stores. Many chain stores have sprouted up at various locations across the country. These shops sell standardized and branded consumer goods with high sales turnover. These stores use the same merchandising techniques and are owned by the same company.

(ii) Characteristics of chain stores are:

• The goods are dispatched to each shop by the head office.
• The shops are under the supervision of a Branch Manager, who is responsible for day-to-day management.
• The head office is in charge of creating policies and ensuring that they are executed.
• The prices of goods in such shops are fixed, and all sales are conducted in cash.

Question 12.
Suresh is a dealer in groceries. He owns a shop in the central market of his area. He buys goods in larger quantities and sells them to small businessmen. He also stores groceries for these small businessmen and provides warehousing facilities to them. Considering the case above, answer the questions below:
(i) Which type of trader Suresh is? [2]
(ii) State the services Suresh provides to these businessmen. [3]
OR
Ritu and Shashi were talking about expanding theiri manufacturing business to international countries. They already have many stores in several cities of the country and are earning huge profits. Shashi was satisfied with the domestic business, but Ritu was in favor of expanding the business internationally and explained the benefits of international business. What would Ritu have told Shashi about the benefits? [5]
Answer:
(i) Suresh works as a wholesaler. A wholesaler buys the products in bulk from the manufacturer and sells it to the retailer/businessmen because it acts as an intermediary between manufacturers and retailers. A wholesaler is an important link in the distribution network. The retail stage of distribution is where items are transmitted from the hands of small businessmen to the hands of consumers.

(ii) Services wholesalers provide to the retailers are:

1. Ready supply: The wholesalers enable the consumer to buy the desired quantity and quality of goods at a convenient time and place because they supply goods regularly to the retailers.
2. Fair-priced goods: Since a wholesaler buys goods from manufacturers in bulk and allows him to reap the benefits of economies of large-scale production.
3. Stabilization of price: The wholesaler is in a better position to stabilize the prices of the products by adjusting demand and supply.
4. Advertising the goods: Wholesalers advertise the goods extensively to enlighten about their uses, types, and qualities. The retailers get knowledge about the goods and are in a better position to inform their customers accordingly.

OR

Benefits of international trade are:

• The cost of transportation from India will be reduced by setting up a production plant overseas.
• Business firms can earn more profits by selling their products in countries with high pricing when local prices are lower.
• Making use of excess production capacity to increase operational profitability.
• When domestic market competition is fierce, internationalization appears to be the only way to grow significantly.
• The desire to become international stems from a ambition to expand, a desire to become more competitive, and a desire to reap the strategic benefits of internationalization.

Students can access the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 Business Studies with Solutions and marking scheme Term 2 Set 1 will help students in understanding the difficulty level of the exam.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 Business Studies Term 2 Set 1 with Solutions

Time : 2 Hours
Maximum Marks : 40

General Instructions:

• This is a Subjective Question Paper containing 12 questions.
• This paper contains 4 questions of 2 marks each, 4 questions of 3 marks each and 4 questions of 5 marks each.
• Section A: 2 marks questions are Short Answer Type Questions and are to be answered in 30-50 words.
• Section B: 3 marks questions are Short Answer Type Questions and are to be answered in 50-80 words.
• Section C: 5 marks questions are Long Answer Type Questions and are to be answered in 80-120 words.
• This question paper contains Case/Source Based Questions.

Section A
(2 Marks)

Question 1.
Define Entrepreneurship development. State the stages of the entrepreneurship development program. [2]
Answer:
Entrepreneurship development is the means of enhancing the knowledge and skills of entrepreneurs through training. The main focus of this development is to strengthen and increase the number of entrepreneurs.

The entrepreneurship development program is the process of improving the skills and knowledge of entrepreneurs through various training and development programs. An entrepreneurial development program consists of three broad categories:

• Pre-training Stage
• Training or Development Stage
• Post-training or follow-up Stage

Question 2.
‘Shriram Ltd.’ is dealing in electric vehicles. The demand for small electric vehicles has been increasing since a long time. They have planned to expand the company and need ₹ 2 crores. The finance manager, Rahul Sharma planned to raise funds through various sources. Identify the options Shriram Ltd. has to raise funds for the expansion of the company. [2]
Answer:
Shriram Ltd. has following options to raise funds:

• Debentures: Debentures are debt instruments used by companies to raise loans. These are important instruments for raising long-term debt capital. A company can raise funds through issue of debentures, which bear a fixed rate of interest.
• Bonds: Bonds are secured non-convertible debt instrument issued by the government or specialised financial institutions.
• Shares: Shares are the indication of a unit of ownership of the company. The owner of shares of a company is a shareholder of the company. (Any two)

Commonly Made Error

• Students get confused between bonds and debentures and the type of debt instruments. These seem similar to them.

Answering Tip

• Students should study the meaning and type of debt instruments thoroughly.

Question 3.
Explain the importance of foreign trade. [2]
Answer:
Foreign trade is the only source of specialization in the production of those goods for which a large number of resources and facilities are available in the country due to the unequal distribution of resources.

With the help of foreign trade, people get those goods which are not produced in their country and hence, it helps in improving their standard of living. Foreign trade also helps in the economic development of the nation.

Capital equipment and scarce raw material can be imported. Also, surplus commodities can be exported to other countries and foreign exchange may be earned.

Question 4.
Rohan is a dealer in grocery items. He has a warehouse to store extra items and deals with many small shops owners as well as customers to sell various products. Ritu is one of the tire shop owners who purchase the items from Rohan and sell them to the consumers further. What do you think is the difference between Rohan and Ritu? [2]
Answer:
Rohan is a wholesaler whereas Ritu is a retailer. A wholesaler buys in bulk from the producer and sells to the retailers for resale or intermediate use. A retailer buys from the wholesaler and sells to the ultimate consumer for final consumption.

Section – B
(2 Marks)

Question 5.
Rishi is a wholesale dealer in grocery goods. He has contacted several retailers to supply goods to them. He owned a warehouse to store goods. There are a variety of goods available with him. He also sells products to the customers, when they demand. He also serves the manufacturers of various goods by helping them in contacting the retailers. Explain which services are provided by wholesalers to the manufacturers? [3]
Answer:
Services offered by wholesalers to the manufacturers are:

1. A wholesaler acts as an intermediary between a manufacturer and a retailer as he buys goods from manufacturers and delivers them to the retailers.
2. Wholesalers provide market and sales assistance to the manufacturer as they are aware of the market trends. They undertake advertising and sales promotion activities.
3. Wholesalers receive bulk orders from the retailers and pass them on to the manufacturers. So, the manufacturers do not need to bother about selling in small quantities.
4. Wholesalers take delivery of goods when these are produced in a factory and keep them in their warehouses thereby bearing all the associated risks.

Question 6.
Define Start-up scheme. What are the benefits provided under the Start-up scheme? [3]
OR
What services do wholesalers to the retailers?
Answer:
Startup India is a flagship initiative of the Government of India, intended to catalyze startup culture and build a strong and inclusive ecosystem for innovation and entrepreneurship in India.

The benefits provided to recognized start-ups under the Start-up India initiative are:

1. Self-certification: Self-certify and comply under 3 environmental and 6 labor laws.
2. Tax exemption: Income tax exemption for a period of 3 consecutive years and exemption on capital and investments.
3. Startup patent application and IPR protection: Fast track patent application with up to 80% rebate in filing patents. (Any two)

OR

Services provided by wholesalers to retailers are:

1. Availability of goods: The wholesalers are in close contact with manufacturers, so they make the products readily available to the retailers.
2. Grant of credit: Wholesalers help retailers financially by providing them credit facilities, which enables the retailers to manage their business with small amount of working capital.
3. Marketing support: The wholesalers perform various marketing functions and provide support to the retailers through product promotion.
4. Risk sharing: A retailer does not have to bother about risk of storage, reduction in price, fluctuation in demand, etc. All these risks are borne by the wholesaler. (Any three)

Question 7.
Give the classification of small-scale enterprises/ MSME along with the criteria and their respective limits as defined by Government of India. [3]
Answer:

Parameter
Classification of Manufacturing and Service Enterprises :

• An industry is a Micro-Enterprise if investment in Plant and Machinery does not exceed Rs. 1 crore;
• An industry is a Small Enterprise if investment in Plant and Machinery does not exceed Rs. 10 crore ;
• An industry is a Medium Enterprise if investment in Plant and Machinery does not exceed Rs. 50 crore.

Parameter II

• An industry is a Micro-Enterprise if its turnover does not exceed Rs. 5 crore;
• An industry is a Small Enterprise if its turnover does not exceed Rs. 50 crore;
• An industry is a Medium Enterprise if its turnover does not exceed Rs. 250 crore. (Any three)

Question 8.
Ram opened a departmental store dealing in a variety of goods in his area. He deals in several goods which are necessary for the daily needs of consumers. Discuss three features of departmental stores. [3]
Answer:

1. A departmental store is a large establishment offering a wide variety of products, classified into well-defined departments, aimed at satisfying practically every customer’s need under one roof.
2. It has a number of departments, each one confining its activities to one kind of product, e.g., there may be separate departments for toiletries, medicines, furniture, groceries, electronics, clothing and dress material within a store.
3. They satisfy diverse market segments with a wide variety of goods and services. Everything from ‘a pin to an elephant is the spirit behind a typical department store.
4. May provide all facilities such as restaurant, rest rooms, etc. in order to provide maximum service to customers for whom price is of secondary importance.
5. Are generally located at a central place in the heart of a city which caters to a large number of customers.
6. Size of these stores is very large, hence, they are generally formed as a joint-stock company managed by a board of directors. There is a managing director assisted by a general manager and several department managers.

Section – C
[5 Marks each]

Question 9.
Explain the services offered by retailers to the consumers. [5]
OR
Explain any five sources of finance. [5]
Answer:
Services offered by retailers to their customers are:

1. The first and foremost service is the availability of goods produced by different manufacturers, which is provided by the retailers to its customers.
2. Some retailers provide credit facilities to their regular customers.
3. Many retailers provide after-sale services to its customers such as home delivery, supply of spare parts, etc.
4. Retailers generally keep a variety of products of different manufacturers, which enables the customers to buy the products as per their requirement and choice.
5. By arranging for effective display of products and through their personal selling efforts, retailers provide important information about the arrival, special features, etc. of new products to the customers.
6. Retail stores are situated very near to the residential areas and remain open for long hours which provides great convenience to the customers. (Any five)

OR

Sources of finance are:

1. Retained earnings: Retained earnings refer to the amount left with a company from its income after paying dividends to its customers.
2. Public deposits: These are the deposits invited by the companies from public to finance its working capital needs or medium-term fund requirements.
3. Debentures: Debentures are debt instruments used by companies and government to issue the loan. These are important instruments for raising long-term debt capital. A company can raise funds through issue of debentures, which bear a fixed rate of interest.
4. Issue of shares: The capital of a company is divided into small units called shares. Each share has a nominal value. The capital obtained by issue of shares is known as share capital.
5. Trade credit: Trade credit is the credit extended by one trader to another for the purchase of goods and services. Trade credit facilitates the purchase of supplies without immediate payment.
6. Bonds: Bonds are units of corporate secured non-convertible debt instruments issued by government or specialised financial institutions. (Any five)

Question 10.
Discuss any five advantages of chain/ multiple stores. [5]

Case/Source Based Question
Answer:

1. Economies of scale: As there is central procurement, multiple-shop organizations enjoy economies of scale
2. Elimination of middlemen: By selling directly to the consumers, multiple-shop organizations are able to eliminate unnecessary middlemen in the sale of goods and services
3. No bad debts: Since all the sales are made on cash basis, there are no losses on account of bad debts
4. Transfer of goods: Goods not in demand in a particular locality may be transferred to another locality where they are in demand reducing the chances of dead stock in these shops
5. Diffusion of risk: Losses incurred by one shop may be covered by profits in other shops reducing the total risk of an organization
6. Low cost: Because of centralised purchasing, elimination of middlemen, centralized promotion of sales and increased sales, multiple shops enjoy lower costs
7. Flexibility: If a shop is not operating at a profit, the management may decide to close it or shift it to some other place without really affecting the profitability of the organization as a whole (Any five)

Case/Source Based Question

Question 11.
Resham is engaged in business among various dealers within India. She coordinates with various manufacturers, retailers and customers. One of her friends, Ritu supplies her goods to various manufacturers in various other countries. One day, they met and talked about the differences in their trades. What differences would be there between domestic and international trade? [5]
Answer:

Domestic Trade	International Trade
It is conducted within the boundaries of a nation.	It is conducted outside the boundary of the nation.
It needs less capital to be invested.	It needs huge capital to be invested.
Profit is less in domestic trade.	Profit is huge in international trade.
It uses road, railway as mode of transport.	It uses sea and air routes for transportation.
Domestic trade can be conducted easily without much restrictions.	It is difficult to conduct this trade due to many legal restrictions.

Question 12.
‘Ratul Car Ltd.’ is a well-known company in the industry, which has more equity share capital than long term debt in its capital structure. They are planning to expand and establish a new site in the backward region and to hire the local people. It also has some amount as reserve of ₹2000 crore. In lieu of the above case, answer the questions below:

(i) What is the status of capital structure of the company? [1]
Answer:
The company’s financial structure is robust, with more equity share capital than the debt in its capital structure and a large cash reserve.

(ii) Which source of finance should be used by the company for establishing new units and why? [2]
Answer:
As the company has a large cash reserve, it should use retained earnings as a source of finance. When a company earns profits, a certain amount of those profits are kept in reserve for business’ future use and is known as retained earnings. The reasons to use retained earnings as a financing source are:

• No initial fees: These funds do not have any floatation costs or interest because these are raised internally.
• Increase in share price: A large quantity of retained earnings can cause the price of equity shares to rise.

(iii) What values does the company exhibit in the case above? [2]
Answer:
The values displayed by the company here are:

• Balanced regional development: The company is planning to expand the business to underprivileged sections of the society and contribute to the regional development.
• Women Empowerment: The company also intends to empower women by training them in skill development.

OR

‘Francis Ltd.’ a leading IT firm registered in India wants to hire resources from US for its growth and expansion. It also needs money for at least 2 years to meet its short-term needs. They are giving employment to underprivileged youth. They also generate 50% of their electricity through solar power.

Keeping in mind the above case, answer the following questions:

(i) Which two sources of finance should be used by the company to meet its requirement? Write characteristics of each source as well. [3]
Answer:
ADRs and Public Deposits can be used by ‘Francis Ltd/ to satisfy the company’s needs.

1. ADRs: These refer to American Depository Receipts and are issued by American companies to be traded in American Markets. It can only be issued to the citizens of America and can be traded in US stock exchanges.
2. Public Deposits: These are the deposits raised directly from the public by organizations. RBI regulates these deposits and companies generally solicit public contributions over a three-year term.

(ii) What values does the company exhibit in the above case? [2]
Answer:
The values demonstrated by the company are:

1. Environmental protection: The company uses solar power to generate 50% of its electricity, which conserves the resources.
2. Employment generation: The company is generating opportunities of employment by employing underprivileged young generation.

Students can access the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 Applied Mathematics with Solutions and marking scheme Term 2 Set 5 will help students in understanding the difficulty level of the exam.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 Applied Mathematics Term 2 Set 5 for Practice

Time : 2 Hours
Maximum Marks : 40

General Instructions:

• The question paper is divided into 3 sections -A, B and C.
• Section A comprises of 6 questions of 2 marks each. Internal choice has been provided in two questions.
• Section B comprises of 4 questions of 3 marks each. Internal choice has been provided in one question.
• Section C comprises of 4 questions. It contains one case study-based question. Internal choice has been provided in one question.

Section – A [2 Marks each]

Question 1.
An edge of a variable cube is increasing at the rate of 10 cm/sec. How fast the volume of the cube is increasing when the edge is 5 cm long ?
OR
If (x² + y²)² = xy, find \(\frac{d y}{d x}\).

Question 2.
A product is sold from Kota (Rajasthan) to Gwalior (M.E) for ₹ 8,000 and then from Gwalior to Indore (M.P). If the rate of tax under GST system is 18% and the profit made by the dealer in Gwalior is ₹ 3,000, find net GST payable by the dealer in Gwalior.

Question 3.
₹16000 invested at 10% p.a. compounded semi-annually amounts to ₹18522. Find the time period of investment.
OR
Mr. Kohli, a citizen of India, is an export manager of Arjun Overseas Limited, an Indian Company, since 1.5.2014. He has been regularly going to U.S.A. for export promotion. He spent the following days in U.S.A. for the last five years:

Previous year ended	No. of days spent in U.S.A.
31.3.2015	317 days
31.3.2016	150 days
31.3.2017	271 days
31.3.2018	311 days
31.3.2019	294 days

Determine his residential status for assessment year 2019-20 assuming that prior to 1.5.2014 he had never travelled abroad.

Question 4.
A die is rolled. If E = {1, 3, 5}, F = {2, 3} and G = {2, 3,4, 5}, find (i) P[(E ∪ F)/G], (ii) P[(E ∩ F)/G]

Question 5.
If a vertex of a triangle is (1, 1) and the mid-points of two sides through this vertex are (-1, 2) and (3, 2). Find the centroid of the triangle.

Question 6.
If ⁿP₄: ⁿP₂ = 12, find n.

Section – B [3 Marks each]

Question 7.
A card is drawn at random from a well-shuffled pack of 52 cards. Find the probability that it is either a king or spade.

Question 8.
Find the area of the triangle formed by the lines joining the vertex of the parabola x² = 12y to the ends of its latus rectum.
OR
In what ratio the line joining (-1,1) and (5, 7) is divided by the line x + y = 4 ?

Question 9.
In a class of 60 students, 30 opted for NCC, 32 opted for NSS and 24 opted for both NCC and NSS. If one of these students is selected at random. Find the probability that
(i) The student opted for NCC or NSS.
(ii) The student has opted for neither NCC nor NSS.
(iii) The student has opted for NSS but not NCC.

Question 10.
(a) A man purchased a house valued at ₹300000. He paid ₹200000 at the time of purchased and agreed to pay the balance with the interest at 12% per annum compounded half yearly in 20 equal half yearly instalments. If first instalment is paid after six months from the date of purchase then find the amount of each instalment. [Given that (1.06)²⁰ = 3.2071]
(b) A person invests ₹500 at the end of each year with a bank which pays interest at 10% p.a. compounded annually. Find the amount standing to his credit one year after he has made his yearly investment for the 12^th time. [Given that (1.1)¹² = 3.1348]

Section – C [4 Marks each]

Question 11.
From 6 different novels and 3 different dictionaries, 4 novels and a dictionary is to be selected and arranged in a row on the shelf so that the dictionary is always in the middle. Then find the number of such arrangements.

Question 12.
(a) A sum of money doubles itself in 4 years compound interest. It will amount to 8 times itself at the same rate of interest in how many years?
(b) Compound interest on a sum of money in 2 years at 4% per annum is ₹ 2448. Find simple interest on the same sum of money at the same rate of interest for 2 years.
OR
Leela is an athlete who believes that her playing career will last 3 years.
(a) To prepared for future, she deposits ₹ 24,000 at the end of each year for 3 years in an account paying 6% compounded annually. How much will she have on deposit after 3 years ? Also, find the value of interest earned.
(b) Instead of investing ₹ 24,000 at the end of each year, suppose Leela deposits ₹ 80,000 at the end of each year for 3 years in an account paying 5% compounded annually. How much will she have on deposit after 3 years ? Also, find the value of interest earned.

Question 13.
The two equal sides of an isosceles triangle with fixed base b are decreasing at the rate of 3 cm/sec. How fast is the area decreasing when two equal sides are equal to the base ?

Question 14.
Read the following text and answer the following questions on the basis of the same:
In XI standard, teacher was giving lecture on GST topic. Following points were discussed on this topic.

Goods and Services Tax (G.S.T.)
G.S.T. is known as the Goods and Services Tax. It is an indirect tax which has replaced many indirect taxes in India such as the excise duty, V.A.T., services tax, etc. The Goods and Services Tax Act was passed in the Parliament on 29th March 2017 and came into effect on 1st July 2017.

In other words, Goods and Services Tax (G.S.T.) is levied on the supply of goods and services. Goods and Services Tax Law in India is a comprehensive, multi-stage, destination-based tax that is levied on every value addition. G.S.T. is a single domestic indirect tax law for the entire country. In order to address the complex system in India, the Government introduced 4 types of G.S.T. which are given below.
(i) C.G.S.T. (Central Goods and Services Tax): Levied and collected by Central Government.
(ii) S.G.S.T. (State Goods and Services Tax): Levied and collected by State Governments/Union Territories with Legislatures.
(iii) U.T.G.S.T. (Union Territory Goods and Services Tax): Levied and collected by Union Territories without Legislatures, on intra-state supplies of taxable goods and/or services.
(iv) I.G.S.T. (Integrated Goods and Services Tax): Inter-state supplies of taxable goods and/or services are subject to Integrated Goods and Services Tax (I.G.S.T.). I.G.S.T. is the total sum of C.G.S.T. and S.G.S.T./U.T.G.S.T and is levied by Centre on all inter-state supplies.

• Intra-state means: Supply within the same state.
  In case of intra-state sale of goods/services, or both If G.S.T. rate is 18%, then
  C.G.S.T. = 9% of sales price S.G.S.T. = 9%of sales price I.G.S.T. = 0
• Inter-state means: Supply from one state to another state.
  In case of inter-state of goods or services or both
  If GST rate is 18%, then IGST = 18% of Sale price
• Discount is never allowed on amount including GST.
  Based on the information given above, solve the given questions:

(a) A dealer in Bhopal (M.E) supplies products and services worth ₹ 5,000 to another dealer in Kanpur (U.E). If the rate of G.S.T. is 28%, find the tax levied under C.G.S.T.
Also, A dealer in Agra (U.E), say Ramesh, supplies products and services worth ₹ 10,000 to Suresh a person in Lucknow (U.E). If the rate of GST is 28% find the S.G.S.T. (2)
(b) Let Amar, Ram and Rahim be three dealers belonging to different states. Dealer Amar sells some products/services to dealer Ram for ₹ 1000 dealer Rahim at a profit of ₹ 300. Calculate the tax liability of Ram, if the rate of G.S.T. is 12%. (2)

Students can access the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 Applied Mathematics with Solutions and marking scheme Term 2 Set 4 will help students in understanding the difficulty level of the exam.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 Applied Mathematics Term 2 Set 4 for Practice

Time : 2 Hours
Maximum Marks : 40

General Instructions:

• The question paper is divided into 3 sections -A, B and C.
• Section A comprises of 6 questions of 2 marks each. Internal choice has been provided in two questions.
• Section B comprises of 4 questions of 3 marks each. Internal choice has been provided in one question.
• Section C comprises of 4 questions. It contains one case study-based question. Internal choice has been provided in one question.

Section – A [2 Marks each]

Question 1.
The radius r of a right circular cone is decreasing at the rate of 3 cm/min and the height h is increasing at the rate of 2 cm/min. When r = 9 cm and h = 6 cm, find the rate of change of its volume.
OR
Find the value of k for which the function.

Question 2.
A dealer is in Jhansi buys some articles worth ? 8,000. If the rate of GST is 18%, find how much will the dealer pay for the articles bought.

Question 3.
₹ 1000 is invested every 3-months at 4.8% p.a. compounded quarterly. How much will the annuity be worth in 2 years ? [Given that (1.012)⁸ = 1.1001]
OR
What is the monthly equivalent interest rate to a quarterly interest 2.5% ? [Given that (1.025)^1/3 = 1.008265]

Question 4.
If P(E) = \(\frac{7}{13}\) P(F) = \(\frac{9}{13}\) and P(E ∩ f)= \(\frac{4}{13}\) then evaluate : (i) P\(\left(\frac{\bar{E}}{F}\right)\) and (ii)P\(\left(\frac{\bar{E}}{\bar{F}}\right)\)

Question 5.
Determine ∠B of the triangle with vertices A(-2, 1), B(2, 3) and C(-2, -4).

Question 6.
Determine the number of 5 cards combinations out of a deck of 52 cards if there is exactly one ace in each combination.

Section – B (3 marks each)

Question 7.
An unbiased die is thrown twice, let the event A be ‘odd number on first throw’ and B the event ‘odd number on the second throw’. Check independence of the events.

Question 8.
Find the equation of the circle drawn on a diagonal of the rectangle as its diameter whose sides are the lines x = 4, x = – 5, y = 5 and y = – 1.
OR
An equilateral triangle is inscribed in the parabola y² = 4ax, where one vertex is at the vertex of the parabola, Find the side of the triangle.

Question 9.
Two dice are thrown together. What is the probability that sum of the numbers on the two faces is neither divisible by 3 nor 4 ?

Question 10.
(a) In what time will ₹85000 amount to ₹157675 at 4.5% p.a. ?
(b) A sum of ₹46875 was lent out at simple interest and at the end of 1 year 8 months the total amount was ₹50,000. Find the rate of interest percent per annum.

Section – c [4 Marks each]

Question 11.
In how many ways three girls and nine boys can be seated in two vans, each having numbered seats, 3 in the front and 4 at the back ? How many seating arrangements are possible if 3 girls should sit together in a back row on adjacent seats ?

Question 12.
Compute the taxable value of the perquisite in respect of medical facilities availed of by X from his employer in the following situations:
(a) The employer reimburses the following medical expenses:
(i) Treatment of X by his family physician ₹ 8,400
(ii) Treatment of Mrs. X in a private nursing home ₹ 7,200
(iii) Treatment of X’s mother (dependent upon him) ₹ 2,400 by a private doctor
(iv) Treatment of X’s brother (not dependent upon him) ₹ 800
(v) Treatment of X’s grandfather (dependent upon him) ₹ 3,000
(b) The employer reimburses an insurance premium of ₹ 6,000 paid by X under a health insurance scheme on the life of X and his wife.
(c) The employer maintains a hospital for the employees where they and their family members are provided free treatment. The expenses on treatment of X and his family members during the previous year 2019-20 were as under:

Particulars	Amount (₹)
(i) Treatment of X’s major son (dependent upon him)	4,400
(ii) Treatment of X	10,400
(iii) Treatment of X’s uncle	9,200
(iv) Treatment of Mrs. X	16,000
(v) Treatment of X’s widowed sister (dependent upon him)	8,200
(vi) Treatment of X’s handicapped nephew	5,000

(d) Expenses on cancer treatment of married daughter of X at Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai paid by the employer ₹ 1,00,000 and reimbursement of expenses for medical treatment of himself amounting to ₹ 40,000.
(e) The following expenses on treatment of X’s major son outside India were paid by the employer:

Assume that the other income of X is (a) ₹ 1,20,000 (b) ₹ 1,80,000. (including income under the head salary excluding the above taxable perquisite)
OR
A manufacturer in a firm manufactures a machine and marks it at ₹ 80,000. He sells the machine to a wholesaler (in Gorakhpur) at a discount of 20%. The wholesaler sells the machine to a dealer (in Mathura) at a discount of 15% on the marked price. If the rate of GST 28%, find tax paid by the whole seller to Central Government.

Question 13.

Question 14.
Read the following text and answer the following questions on the basis of the same:
Water Bill: The amount one must pay to use water and sewage services each month. Normally, water and sewage is provided by a municipality, but this is not always the case. Water bills are usually based upon one’s usage, such that those who use more water are charged more.

The water bill invoice: is provided by a company that supplies water on a residential and/or commercial basis. A customer that receives their water supply from such a company will receive a water bill invoice complete with the charges for the company’s services and the amount owed for said services. From time to time, people forget to pay their utility bills, so the customer might see a summary of past due charges that must be paid on the next billing period. Payments not received on time could result in interest charges or additional fees. The water bill invoice will show the total amount due and the date upon which payment must be received.
There will be generally following three components of water / sewerage bill:

Fixed Water Charge: With a fixed water charge, the consumer pays a monthly water bill, which is the same independently of the volume consumed. In absence of a water metering system, a fixed water charge is the only possible tariff structure.

Sewerage maintenance charge: This charge is levied for the maintenance of sewerage system and is charged according to volumetric consumption of water.

Service charge: Service charge under the domestic category which is presently linked with the built up area of the property, that is, whether the covered area is more than or less than 200 sq. meters and this has been now delinked from the area concept. Instead, under the new tariff it will be linked with the consumption slab for all categories of consumers including the domestic category.
Based on the information given above, solve the following questions:
(a) What do you understand by is water tariff and fixed water charge? (2)
(b) For an industrial connection monthly consumption of water is 40 ki, calculate the Water bill. (2)
Tarrif rates can be considered as the table given below: