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NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants

Question 1.
Match structures given in Column I with functions given in Column II:

Answer:

 Question 2.
Fill in the blanks:

1. The blood from the heart is transported to all parts of the body by the ………..
2. Hemoglobin is present in cells.
3. Arteries and veins are joined by a network of ……….
4. The rhythmic expansion and contraction of the heart is called …………
5. The main excretory product in human beings is ………..
6. Sweat contains water and ……….
7. Kidneys eliminate the waste materials in the liquid form called ………..
8. Water reaches great heights in the trees because of suction pull caused by ………..

Answer:

1. arteries
2. red blood
3. capillaries
4. heartbeat
5. urea
6. salts
7. urine
8. transpiration

Question 3.
Choose the correct option:
(a) In plants, water is transported through
(i) xylem
(ii) phloem
(iii) stomata
(iv) root hair

(b) Water absorption through roots can be increased by keeping the plants
(i) in the shade
(ii) in dim light
(iii) under the fan
(iv) covered with a polythene bag
Answer:
(a) (i) xylem
(b) (iii) under the fan.

Question 4.
Why is the transport of materials necessary in a plant or in an animal? Explain.
Answer:
Transport of materials is essential for plants or animals because nutrients and oxygen are made available to all the parts of the body through transpiration. If the transport of necessary nutrients and oxygen does not take place in the body, the body will not be able to survive.

Question 5.
What will happen if there are no platelets in the blood?
Answer:
Whenever we get injured, blood comes out from the cut. The function of platelets is to make a clot which plugs the cut to stop bleedings. If there are no platelets in the blood, no clot will be formed and as a result, bleeding will not stop and leads to a disease: haemophilia. This may lead to fatal consequences.

Question 6.
What are stomata? Give two functions of stomata.
Answer:
Stomata are the tiny pores present on the surface of the leaves. These are surrounded by two bean shaped cells called guard cells.

Functions of stomata :
(i) The exchange of gases in plants occurs through stomata.
(ii) The excess water in plants evaporates through stomata by a process called transpiration.

Question 7.
Does transpiration serve any useful function in the plants? Explain.
Answer:
Due to transpiration, a suction pressure develops which helps in the transportation of water.

Question 8.
What are the components of blood?
Answer:
Blood has two components: (a) Plasma and (b) Corpuscles, suspended in the plasma, with three kinds of blood cells.
(а) Plasma: It is the fluid part of blood.
(b) Corpuscles: It is of three types:
(i) Red Blood Cells (RBCs): Contain hemoglobin and impart a red color to the blood. Haemoglobin also carries oxygen from the lungs to all other body parts.
(ii) White Blood Cells (WBCs): Fight against the germs.
(iii) Platelets: Help in the clotting of blood.

Question 9.
Why is blood needed by all the parts of a body?
Answer:
Blood carries digested food and oxygen to all parts of the body. It also carries away the waste products.

Question 10.
What makes the blood look red?
Answer:
Blood contains three kinds of blood cells. Out of which Red Blood Cells contain an iron pigment called haemoglobin. Hemoglobin imparts red colour to the blood.

Question 11.
Describe the function of the heart.
Answer:
The heart collects and distributes purified blood to all parts of the body through arteries.

Question 12.
Why is it necessary to excrete waste products?
Answer:
Waste products are harmful to the body.

Question 13.
Draw a diagram of the human excretory system and label the various parts.
Answer:

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 16 Water: A Precious Resource are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 15 Light.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 16 Water: A Precious Resource

Question 1.
Mark ‘T if the statement is true and F’ if it is false:
(а) The freshwater stored in the ground is much more than that present in the rivers and lakes of the world. (T/F)
(b) Water shortage is a problem faced only by people living in rural areas. (T/F)
(c) Water from rivers is the only source for irrigation in the fields. (T/F)
(d) Rain is the ultimate source of water. (T/F)
Answer:
(a) T
(b) F
(c) F
(d) T

Question 2.
Explain how groundwater is recharged?
Answer:
The rainwater and water from other sources such as rivers and ponds seeps through the soil and fills the empty spaces and cracks deep below the ground. The process of seeping water into the ground is called infiltration. The groundwater thus gets recharged by this process.

Question 3.
There are ten tube wells in a lane of fifty houses. What could be the long-term impact on the water table?
Answer:
A huge amount of water will be pumped out from these ten tube wells and it will result in the depletion of the groundwater. Consequently, the water table will go deeper and deeper with time and in the longer-term, it will affect the availability of water in that area.

Question 4.
You have been asked to maintain a garden. How will you minimize the use of water?
Answer:
The use of water can be minimized by:

• using drip irrigation.
• preventing the leakage in the drains in the delivery pipes.
• filling the burrows of snakes and rats.
• protecting the boundaries of the field from breakage.

Question 5.
Explain the factors responsible for the depletion of the water table.
Answer:
There are three main causes of depletion of the water table.
(i) Increasing population:
The increasing population creates demand for the construction of houses, shops, offices, roads, and pavements. This decreases the open areas like parks and playgrounds. This, in turn, decreases the seepage of rainwater into the ground. Moreover, a huge amount of water is required for construction work. Often groundwater is used for this purpose. So, on the one hand, we are consuming more groundwater whereas, on the other hand, we are allowing lesser water to seep into the ground. This results in depletion of the water table.

(ii) Increasing industries:
Water is used by all industries. Almost everything that we use needs water somewhere in its production process. The number of industries is increasing continuously. Water used by most industries is drawn from the ground.

(iii) Agricultural activities:
A majority of farmers in India depend upon rains for irrigating their crops. Irrigation systems jUcîi Cl’îs equals are there only in a few places. Even these systems may suffer from a lack of water due to erratic rainfall. Therefore, farmers have to use groundwater for irrigation. The increased use of groundwater day by day results in depletion of the water table.

Question 6.
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate answers:

1. People obtain groundwater through ……. and ……….
2. Three forms of water are …….,……. and ……….
3. The water-bearing layer of the earth is ………..
4. The process of water seepage into the ground is called ………..

Answer:

1. tubewells, hand pumps
2. solid, liquid, gas
3. aquifer
4. infiltration

Question 7.
Which one of the following is not responsible for water shortage?
(i) Rapid growth of industries
(ii) Increasing population
(iii) Heavy rainfall
(iv) Mismanagement of water resources
Answer:
(iii) Heavy rainfall.

Question 8.
Choose the correct option.
The total water
(i) in the lakes and rivers of the world remains constant
(ii) under the ground remains constant
(iii) in the seas and the oceans of the world remains constant
(iv) of the world remains constant.
Answer:
(iv) of the world remains constant.

Question 9.
Make a sketch showing the groundwater and water table. Label it.
Answer:

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 16 Water: A Precious Resource help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 16 Water: A Precious Resource, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 10 Respiration in Organisms are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 10 Respiration in Organisms.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 10 Respiration in Organisms

Question 1.
Why does an athlete breathe faster and deeper than usual after finishing the race?
Answer:
During running, the athlete uses a lot of energy. So, he/she needs more energy and breathes faster.

Question 2.
List the similarities and differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
Answer:
Similarities:

 Differences:

Question 3.
Why do we often sneeze when we inhale a lot of dust-laden air?
Answer:
The air around us has various types of unwanted particles, such as smoke, dust, pollens, etc. When we inhale, the particles get trapped in the hair present in our nasal cavity. However, sometimes these particles may get past the hair in thç nasal cavity. Then they irritate the lining of the cavity, as a result of which we sneeze. Sneezing expels these foreign particles from the inhaled air and dust-free, clean air enters our body.

Question 4.
Take three test-tubes. Fill 3/4th of each with water. Label them A, B and C. Keep a snail in test-tube A, a water plant in test-tube B, and in C keep snail and plant both. Which test-tube would have the highest concentration of CO₂?
Answer:
The exchange of gases in three test-tubes can be shown as in Fig.

Fig. (A) In test tube A; CO₂ is produced by the respiration of snail (No consumption of CO₂).
(B) In test tube B; CO₂ is produced by the respiration of the plant and a much higher amount of CO₂ is consumed during photosynthesis.
(C) In test tube C; CO₂ is produced by the respiration of snail and plant and CO₂ is consumed during photosynthesis.
It is clear from the above observation that the highest concentration of CO₂ will be in test tube A.

Question 5.
Tick the correct answer:
(a) In cockroaches, air enters the body through
(i) lungs
(ii) gills
(iii) spiracles
(iv) skin

(b) During heavy exercise, we get cramps in the legs due to the accumulation of
(i) carbon dioxide
(ii) lactic acid
(iii) alcohol
(iv) water

(c) Normal range of breathing rate per minute in an average adult person at rest is:
(i) 9-12
(ii) 15-18
(iii) 21-24
(iv) 30-33

(d) During exhalation, the ribs
(i) move outwards
(ii) move downwards
(iii) move upwards
(iv) do not move at all
Answer:
(a) (iii) spiracles
(b) (ii) lactic acid
(c) (ii) 15 – 18
(d) (ii) move downwards

Question 6.
Match the items in Column I with those in Column II :

Answer:

 Question 7.
Mark ‘T’ if the statement is true and ‘F’ if it is false :
During heavy exercise, the breathing rate of a person slows down. (T/F)
Plants carry out photosynthesis only during the day and respiration only at night. (T/F)
Frogs breathe through their skins as well as their lungs. (T/F)
The fishes have lungs for respiration. (T/F)
The size of the chest cavity increases during inhalation. (T/F)
Answer:
(i) F
(ii) F
(iii) T
(iv) F
(v) T

Question 8.
Given below is a square of letters in which are hidden different words related to respiration in organisms. These words may be present in any direction—upwards, downwards, or along the diagonals. Find the words for your respiratory system. Clues about those words are given below the square.

(i) The air tubes of insects
(ii) Skeletal structures surrounding the chest cavity
(iii) Muscular floor of the chest cavity
(iv) Tiny pores on the surface of the leaf
(v) Small openings on the sides of the body of an insect
(vi) The respiratory organs of human beings
(vii) The openings through which we inhale
(viii) An anaerobic organism
(ix) An organism with a tracheal system
Answer:
(i) TRACHEA
(ii) RIBS
(iii) DIAPHRAGM
(iv) STOMATA
(v) SPIRACLES
(vi) LUNGS
(vii) NOSTRILS
(viii) YEAST
(ix) ANT
These names are indicated by arrows and their serial number are indicated at starting point of the arrow.

Question 9.
The mountaineers carry oxygen with them because:
(a) at an altitude of more than 5 km, there is no air.
(b) the amount of air available to a person is less than that available on the ground.
(c) the temperature of the air is higher than that on the ground.
(d) the pressure of air is higher than that on the ground.
Answer:
(b) The amount of air available to a person is less than that available on the ground.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 10 Respiration in Organisms help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 10 Respiration in Organisms, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 15 Light are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 15 Light.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 15 Light

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks:

1. An image that cannot be obtained on a screen is called ………
2. The image formed by a convex ……… is always virtual and smaller in size.
3. An image formed by a ………. mirror is always of the same size as that of the object.
4. An image which can be obtained on a screen is called a ………. image.
5. An image formed by a concave ………. cannot be obtained on a screen.

Answer:

1. virtual image
2. mirror
3. plane
4. real
5. lens

Question 2.
Mark “T” if the statement is true and ‘F’ if it is false:

1. We can obtain an enlarged and erect image by a convex mirror. (T/F)
2. A concave lens always forms a virtual image. (T/F)
3. We can obtain a real, enlarged, and inverted image by a concave mirror. (T/F)
4. A real image cannot be obtained on a screen. (T/F)
5. A concave mirror always forms a real image. (T/F)

Answer:

1. F
2. T
3. T
4. F
5. F

Question 3.
Match the items given in Column I with one or more items of Column II.

Answer:

Question 4.
State the characteristics of the image formed by a plane mirror.
Answer:
Image formation by a plane mirror. We are able to see images using a mirror. An image formed by a mirror (flat) has the following features:

In a plane mirror, the image is formed behind the mirror. It is erect, of the same size, and is at the same distance from the mirror as the object is in front of it.

Question 5.
Find out the letters of the English alphabet or any other language known to you in which the image formed in a plane mirror appears exactly like the letter itself. Discuss your findings.
Answer:
A, H, I, M, 0, T, U, V, W, X, Y.

Question 6.
What is a virtual image? Give one situation where a virtual image is formed.
Answer:
The image that cannot be formed on a screen is called a virtual image. The image formed by a plane mirror is virtual because the image cannot be obtained on a screen when placed either in front of the mirror or behind it.

Question 7.
State two differences between a convex and a concave lens.
Answer:

Question 8.
Give one use each of a concave and a convex mirror.
Answer:

1. Concave mirror: Used by dentists to see teeth.
2. Convex mirror: Used in vehicles as a rearview mirror.

Question 9.
Which type of mirror can form a real image?
Answer:
A concave mirror can form a real image.

Fig. Convex mirror as a side-view mirror

Question 10.
Which type of lens forms always a virtual image?
Answer:
A concave lens.

Choose the correct option in questions 11-13:

Question 11.
A virtual image larger than the object can be produced by a
(i) concave lens
(ii) concave mirror
(iii) convex mirror
(iv) plane mirror
Answer:
(ii) Concave mirror

Question 12.
David is observing his image in a plane mirror. The distance between the mirror and his image is 4 m. If he moves 1 m towards the mirror, then the distance between David and his image will be:
(i) 3 m
(ii) 5 m
(iii) 6 m
(iv) 8 m
Answer:
(iii) 6 m

Question 13.
The rearview mirror of a car is a plane mirror. A driver is reversing his car at a speed of 2 m/s. The driver sees in his rearview mirror the image of a truck parked behind his car. The speed at which the image of the truck appears to approach the driver will be:
(i) 1 m/s
(ii) 2 m/s
(iii) 4 m/s
(iv) 8 m/s
Answer:
(iii) 4 m/s

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 15 Light helps you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 15 Light, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 14 Electric Current and its Effects are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 14 Electric Current and its Effects.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 14 Electric Current and its Effects

Question 1.
Draw in your notebook the symbols to represent the following components of electrical circuits: connecting wires, switch in the ‘OFF’ position, bulb, cell, switch in the ‘ON’ position and battery.
Answer:

Question 2.
Draw the circuit diagram to represent the circuit shown in Fig.

Answer:

Question 3.
Figure shows four cells fixed on a board. Draw lines to indicate how you will connect their terminals with wires to make a battery of four cells.

Answer:

Question 4.
The bulb in the circuit shown in Fig. does not glow. Can you identify the problem? Make necessary changes in the circuit to make the bulb glow.

Answer:
The problem in this circuit is the connection of two cells. Here both the positive terminals of the cells are connected to each other. This must be reversed for anyone cell to make the bulb glow i.e., the positive terminal of one cell should be connected with the negative terminal of the other.

Question 5.
Name any two effects of electric current.
Answer:

• Heating effect.
• Magnetic effect.

Question 6.
When the current is switched on through a wire, a compass needle kept nearby gets deflected from its north-south position. Explain.
Answer:
When an electric current passes through a wire, it behaves like a magnet. This is the magnetic effect of the electric current due to the attraction of the wire. So, the compass needle which is a magnet gets deflected.

Question 7.
Will the compass needle show deflection when the switch in the circuit shown by Fig. is closed?

Answer:
No. Since, there is no cell so, no current will flow.

Question 8.
Fill in the blanks:

1. A longer line in the symbol for a cell represents its ………… terminal.
2. The combination of two or more cells is called a …………..
3. When current is switched ‘on’ in a room heater, it ………….
4. The safety device based on the heating effect of electric current is called a ……….

Answer:

1. positive battery
2. battery
3. becomes red hot
4. fuse

Question 9.
Mark ‘T’ if the statement is true and ‘F’ if it is false:

1. To make a battery of two cells, the negative terminal of one cell is connected to the negative terminal of the other cell. (T/F)
2. When the electric current, through the fuse exceeds a certain limit, the fuse wire melts and breaks. (T/F)
3. An electromagnet does not attract a piece of iron. (T/F)
4. An electric bell has an electromagnet. (T/F)

Answer:

1. False
2. True
3. False
4. True

Question 10.
Do you think an electromagnet can be used for separating plastic bags from a garbage heap? Explain.
Answer:
No. This is because electromagnets can only attract magnetic materials. The plastic bag is a non-magnetic material and will not be attracted by an electromagnet.

Question 11.
An electrician is carrying out some repairs in your house. He wants to replace a fuse with a piece of wire. Would you agree? Give reasons for your response.
Answer:
No, we would not agree to replace the fuse with a wire. The electric wire will not melt even if a high current flows through it. So, it will not prevent the damage done by high current.

Question 12.
Zubeda made an electric circuit using a cell holder shown in the following Fig., a switch, and a bulb. When she put the switch in the ‘ON’ position, the bulb did not glow. Help Zubeda in identifying the possible defects in the circuit.

Answer:
One of the reasons may be that the rubber band used in the cell holder may not be tight enough to keep the two cells in contact with each other. If the cells are not in proper contact with each other, then the circuit will not be complete, and the current will not flow through the circuit. Hence, the bulb will not glow. The other reason may be that the two cells are not connected properly. The negative terminal of one cell must be connected to the positive terminal of the other cell.

Question 13.
In the circuit shown in the following Fig.:

1. Would any of the bulbs glow when the switch is in the ‘OFF’ position?
2. What will be the order in which the bulbs A, B, and C will glow when the switch is moved to the ‘ON’ position?

Answer:

1. No bulb will glow
2. All bulbs will glow at a time.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 14 Electric Current and its Effects help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 14 Electric Current and its Effects, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Hindi Bal Ramkatha Chapter 1 बाल रामकथा are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Hindi. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Hindi Bal Ramkatha Chapter 1 बाल रामकथा.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Hindi Bal Ramkatha Chapter 1

(पाठ्यपुस्तक से)

प्रश्न 1.
पुस्तक के पहले अध्याय के पहले अनुच्छेद में लेखक ने सजीव ढंग से अवध की तसवीर प्रस्तुत की है। तुम भी अपने आसपास की किसी जगह का ऐसा ही बारीक चित्रण करो। यह चित्रण मोहल्ले के चबूतरे, गली की चहल-पहल, सड़क के नज़ारे आदि किसी का भी हो सकता है जिससे तुम अच्छी तरह परिचित हो।
उत्तर
मैं अपने गाँव के माहौल से अच्छी तरह परिचित हूँ। यहाँ का सरल, सहज तथा घटना रहित जीवन ही यहाँ की मुख्य विशेषता है। यहाँ का वातावरण शांत तथा शहर के कोलाहल से बहुत अलग है। पक्षियों की चहचहाहट, गाय-भैंसों के सँभाने की ध्वनि तथा बच्चों की हँसी का शोर ही यहाँ की शांति को भंग करता है। प्रकृति से निकटता यहाँ के परिवेश की खासियत है। दूर-दूर तक खेतों में फैली हुई हरियाली और आम के बगीचे यहाँ आकर्षण के केंद्र हैं। बसंत में हवा में फैली महक हो या बरसात का कीचड़ और पानी, गर्मी की सुहानी शाम हो या जाड़े की गुनगुनी धूप-वाकई सही मायनों मे गाँव में ही मौसम का मजा लिया जा सकता है। मेरे गाँव में अब अधिकांश घर पक्के बन चुके हैं। हाँ, अभी कुछ घरों की छत खपड़े की या फूस की है। गाँव में सड़क बन चुकी है और स्कूल भी खुल चुके हैं। बिजली भी है, पर कभी-कभी ही आती है।

एक तरह से अच्छा भी है, कम से कम समाज और प्रकृति से निकटता तो बनी हुई है। शहरों में यदि इसका अभाव है, तो इसका मुख्य कारण कहीं न कहीं बिजली भी है। बच्चे दोस्तों के साथ खेलने के बदले कंप्यूटर पर गेम खेलना अधिक पसंद करते हैं। मेरे गाँव में ऐसा नहीं है। शाम को गाँव के चबूतरे पर बैठ कर लोग अपने सुख-दुख बाँटते हैं, गाँव की समस्याओं पर चर्चा करते हैं। घर के छोटे-बड़े झगड़े बुजुर्ग आपस में मिलकर सुलझा लेते हैं और अगर कोई बड़ी समस्या हो तो पंचायत में उसके निदान को प्रयास होता है। मेरे गाँव में ज्यादातर लोग कृषक तथा मजदूर हैं। कुछ लोग अध्यापन के कार्य से भी जुड़े हुए हैं। मेरा गाँव मुझे बहुत प्रिय है।

प्रश्न 2.
विश्वामित्र जानते थे कि क्रोध करने से यज्ञ पूरा नहीं होगा, इसलिए वे क्रोध को पी गए। तुम्हें भी कभी-कभी गुस्सा आता होगा। तुम्हें कब-कब गुस्सा आता है और उसका क्या परिणाम होता है?
उत्तर
हाँ मुझे भी कई बार गुस्सा आता है। साधारणतः जब कोई मेरी बात नहीं सुनता या मुझसे पूछे बिना मेरी चीजों को हाथ लगाता है तो मुझे गुस्सा आता है। मेरे गुस्से का परिणाम अक्सर बुरा ही होता है। या तो मुझे डाँट सुननी पड़ती है या फिर किसी से झगड़ा हो जाता है। मैंने कई बार यह तय किया है कि मैं गुस्सा नहीं करूंगा, पर कभी न कभी गुस्सा आ ही जाता है।

प्रश्न 3.
राम और लक्ष्मण ने महाराज दशरथ के निर्णय को खुशी-खुशी स्वीकार किया। तुम्हारी समझ में इसका क्या कारण रहा होगा?
उत्तर
राम और लक्ष्मण एक आदर्श पुत्र थे। उन्होंने समाज के सामने जो आदर्श और मूल्य स्थापित किए, उसी की वजह से आज भी उनकी पूजा की जाती है। वे अपने पिता के वचनों का मान रखना चाहते थे। वह नहीं चाहते थे कि उनके कारण कोई उनके पिता को झूठा या वचन से फिरने वाला कहे। उन्हें अपने वंश की परंपरा का भी ध्यान था। रघुकुल में वचन का मान रखने के लिए उनके पूर्वजों ने प्राणों की बाजी तक लगा दी थी। उन्हें तो पिता के वचन कायम रखने के लिए केवल वन में ही वास करना था। उनके पिता वृद्ध हो चुके थे। वे उन्हें दुखित भी नहीं करना चाहते थे, इसलिए उन्होंने उनके निर्णय को खुशी-खुशी स्वीकार कर लिया।

प्रश्न 4.
विश्वामित्र ने कहा, “ये जानवर और वनस्पतियाँ जंगल की शोभा हैं। इनसे कोई डर नहीं है। उन्होंने ऐसा क्यों कहा?
उत्तर
जानवर और वनस्पतियाँ किसी भी जंगल का अभिन्न अंग होती हैं। इनके बिना वनों । के अस्तित्व की कल्पना भी नहीं की जा सकती है। प्रकृति का पारिस्थितिक संतुलन बनाए रखने में भी ये सहायक होते हैं। धरती पर जीवन की उपस्थिति के लिए भी ये आवश्यक है। अतः ये हमारे मित्र हैं और हमें इनसे भयभीत नहीं होना चाहिए। जानवर और वनस्पतियों से ही धरती की सुंदरता भी बनी हुई है। इनका महत्त्व राम-लक्ष्मण को समझाने के लिए विश्वामित्र ने कहा कि ये जंगल की शोभा हैं। हमें इनसे नहीं डरना चाहिए।

प्रश्न 5.
लक्ष्मण ने शूर्पणखा के नाक-कान काट दिए। क्या ऐसा करना उचित था? अपने उत्तर का कारण बताओ।
उत्तर
राम और लक्ष्मण ने शूर्पणखा का विवाह-प्रस्ताव ठुकरा दिया था, इसलिए क्रोधित शूर्पणखा सीता पर झपटी । फलस्वरूप लक्ष्मण ने उसके नाक-कान काट लिए। शूर्पणखा एक राक्षसी थी फिर भी एक स्त्री को इंस प्रकार अपमानित करना सही नहीं ठहराय जा सकता। उसे दंडित करने के अन्य उपाय भी थे। यदि कोई स्त्री गलत कर्म करती है, तो उसे दंडित अवश्य किया जाए परंतु ऐसे किसी दंड के पक्ष में मैं नहीं हूँ जिससे उसके सम्मान को ठेस पहुंचे।

प्रश्न 6.
विश्वामित्र और कैकेयी दोनों ही दशरथ को रघुकुल के वचन निभाने की प्रथा याद दिलाते हैं। तुम अपने अनुभवों की मदद से बताओ कि क्या दिया हुआ वचन निभाना हमेशा संभव होता है?
उत्तर
दिया हुआ वचन निभाना हमेशा संभव नहीं होता है, क्योंकि परिस्थितियाँ हमेशा अपने अनुकूल नहीं होती हैं। मुझे याद है मैंने एक बार अपनी एक मित्र को वचन दिया था कि उसके जन्मदिन पर उसके घर जरूर आऊँगा, लेकिन उस दिन अचानक मेरे दादाजी की तबियत बहुत ज्यादा खराब हो गई। ऐसी स्थिति में मैं उस के जन्मदिन में जाने की बात सोच भी नहीं सकता था। अक्सर हालात हमें वचन निभाने की अनुमति नहीं देते हैं। अतः हमें बहुत सोच समझ कर किसी से कोई वादा करना चाहिए।

प्रश्न 7.
मान लो कि तुम्हारे स्कूल में रामकथा को नाटक के रूप में खेलने की तैयारी चल रही है। तुम इस नाटक में उसी पात्र की भूमिका निभाना चाहते हो जो तुम्हें सबसे ज्यादा अच्छी, दिलचस्प या आकर्षक लगती है। वह पात्र कौन सा है और क्यों? ।
उत्तर
वैसे तो रामकथा के सभी पात्र अनुकरणीय हैं परंतु हनुमान का चरित्र अत्यंत दिलचस्प तथा आकर्षक है। हनुमान में वीरता साहस, बुधि तथा पराक्रम कूट-कूटकर भरा हुआ है। राम के प्रति उनकी भक्ति अनन्य है। वह श्रीराम के सच्चे सेवक हैं। उनकी सहायता के बिना राम सीता को पुनः प्राप्त नहीं कर पाते। इन सारी विशेषताओं के बाद भी हनुमान का स्वभाव सरल है। वह अपनी क्षमताओं से अनजान हैं तथा उन्हें स्वयं पर जरा भी गुमान नहीं है। अतः हनुमान की भूमिका निभाना मुझे ज्यादा अच्छा लगेगा।

प्रश्न 8.
सीता बिना बात के राक्षसों के वध के पक्ष में नहीं थीं। जबकि राम राक्षसों के विनाश को ठीक समझते थे। तुम किससे सहमत हो-राम से या सीता से? कारण बताते हुए उत्तर दो।
उत्तर
सीता की बात सही थी परंतु वह राक्षसों के स्वभाव से अनजान थीं। राक्षस अकारण निर्दोष ऋषि मुनियों का वध करते थे। उनका अत्याचार स्त्रियों तथा बच्चों पर कहर बन कर टूटता था। उनमें दया भाव का नामोनिशान तक न था। उनसे समझदारी की आशा करना ही व्यर्थ था। राम उनसे परिचित थे इसलिए उनके विनाश को ही सही समझते थे। मैं राम से सहमत हूँ।

प्रश्न 9.
रामकथा के तीसरे अध्याय में मंथरा कैकेयी को समझाती है कि राम को युवराज बनाना उसके बेटे के हक में नहीं है। इस प्रसंग को अपने शब्दों में कक्षा में नाटक के रूप में प्रस्तुत करो।
उत्तर
मंथरा  –  अरी मूर्ख रानी! तेरे सर पर विपदा आ पड़ी है और तू घोड़े बेचकर सो रही है?
कैकेयी  –  क्या हुआ? क्या बात है?
मंथरा  –  कल राम का राज्याभिषेक होने वाला है।
कैकेयी  –  यह तो खुशी की बात है।
मंथरा  –  तेरी बुधि फिर गई है। यह तेरे और भरत के विरुद्ध राजा दशरथ का षड्यंत्र है।
कैकेयी  –  यह कैसी उलटी बात है। राज तो बड़े बेटे को ही मिलता है और फिर राम मुझसे कितना स्नेह करते हैं।
मंथरा  –  मेरी भोली रानी! यह सब एक छलावा है। राम के युवराज बनते ही तुम्हारी और भरत की हैसियत एक दास की हो जाएगी।
कैकेयी  –  क्या सचमुच ऐसा होगा? अब मैं क्या करूं? मंथरा – जाकर दशरथ को अपने वचनों की याद दिलाकर भरत के लिए राज और राम के लिए चौदह वर्ष का वनवास माँग लो।
कैकेयी  –  परंतु मैं यह सब करूंगी कैसे?
मंथरा  –  तुम मैले कपड़े पहन कर कोपभवन चली जाओ। राजा आएँ तो उनसे बात मत करना। जब वह मनाने लगें तो अपने दोनों वचन माँग लेना।
कैकेयी  –  मैं यही करूंगी और महाराज का षड्यंत्र किसी भी तरह सफल नहीं होने देंगी।

प्रश्न 10.
तुमने जंगल और जनकपुर’ तथा ‘दंडक वन में दस वर्ष में राक्षसों दूद्वारा मुनियों को | परेशान करने की बात पढ़ी। राक्षस ऐसा क्यों करते थे? क्या यह संभव नहीं था कि दोनों शांतिपूर्वक वन में रहते? कारण बताते हुए उत्तर दो।
उत्तर
शांतिपूर्वक निवास करना राक्षसों के स्वभाव के विपरीत था। उत्पात मचाना विनाश को निमंत्रण देना तथा अकारण निर्दोष प्राणियों की हत्या करना उनकी आदत थी। राक्षस किसी हिंसक पशु से भी अधिक बँखार थे। सिंह और व्याघ्र भी किसी पशु का शिकार तभी करते हैं जब उन्हें भूख लगी हो, परंतु राक्षस अकारण ही वनवासियों पर अत्याचार किया करते थे तथा उन्हें कष्ट पहुँचा कर प्रसन्न होते थे। उनकी प्रकृति को देखते हुए कामना नहीं की जा सकती है कि वह ऋषि-मुनियों के साथ शांति से वन में रहने का प्रयास कर सकते थे।

प्रश्न 11.
हनुमान ने लंका से लौट कर अंगद और जामवंत को लंका के बारे में क्या-क्या बताया होगा?
उत्तर
हनुमान ने लंका से लौटकर अंगद और जामवंत को उस राक्षस नगरी की सुंदरता के विषय में बताया होगा। वहाँ के भव्य भवनों तथा सुवासित उद्यानों का वर्णन किया होगा। उन्होंने बताया होगा कि लंका की इमारतों के प्राचीर और कंगूरे कैसे आकाश छूते हैं। हनुमान ने उन्हें सीता की जानकारी दी होगी कि वह रावण की अशोक वाटिका में बंदी हैं तथा हर समय राक्षसों से घिरी रहती हैं। हनुमान ने इसकी चर्चा भी अवश्य की होगी कि कैसे उन्होंने अपनी जलती हुई पूँछ से सोने की लंका को आग की लपटों के हवाले कर दिया। रावण से अपनी मुलाकात का वर्णन भी उन्होंने जरूर किया होगा।

प्रश्न 12.
तुमने बहुत सी पौराणिक कथाएँ और लोक कथाएँ पढ़ी होंगी। उनमें क्या अंतर होता है? यह जानने के लिए पाँच-पाँच के समूह में कक्षा के बच्चे दो-दो पौराणिक कथाएँ और लोक कथाएँ इकट्ठा करें। कथ्य (कहानी), भाषा आदि के अनुसार दोनों प्रकार की कहानियों का विश्लेषण करें और उनके अंतर लिखें।
उत्तर
पौराणिक कथाएँ धार्मिक मान्यताओं पर आधारित होती हैं। उनमें देवी-देवताओं से जुड़े प्रसंग होते हैं। पौराणिक कथाएँ संस्कृत या हिन्दी में होती हैं। वहीं लोक कथाएँ साधारण जन में प्रचलित कहानियाँ हैं जिनमें जन-जीवन से जुड़े प्रसंग होते हैं। लोक कथाएँ आम बोलचाल की भाषा में लिखी होती हैं। हमारे समाज में कई पौराणिक तथा लोक कथाएँ कही-सुनी जाती हैं। बच्चे उन्हें सरलता से इकट्ठा कर सकते हैं।

प्रश्न 13.
क्या होता यदि
(क) राजा दशरथ कैकेयी की प्रार्थना स्वीकार नहीं करते।
(ख) रावण ने विभीषण और अंगद का सुझाव माना होता और युद्ध का फैसला न किया होता।
उत्तर
(क) यदि राजा दशरथ कैकेयी की प्रार्थना स्वीकार नहीं करते तो जैसा कि कैकेयी ने उनसे पहले ही कहा था, वह अपने प्राण त्याग देतीं। यदि ऐसा न भी होता तो भी दशरथ रघुकुल के पहले राजा होते जो अपने वचन से फिर गए होते। उनका वह सम्मान न रहता जो उनकी मृत्यु के बाद भी उन्हें मिलता रहा। राम को वन नहीं जाना पड़ता। उनका राज्याभिषेक हो गया होता। वो अपना राज बहुत अच्छे से चलाते। परंतु फिर भी राम कथा का उतना प्रचलन न होता क्योंकि यह जिन कारणों से आज पढ़ी सुनी और देखी जाती है, वे कारण उत्पन्न न होते। जिन आदर्शों और मूल्यों की स्थापना रामायण में की गई है, संसार उस उदाहरण से वंचित रह जाता।
(ख) यदि रावण ने विभीषण और अंगद का सुझाव माना होता और युद्ध का फैसला न किया होता तो वह सीता को राम को लौटा देता। रावण और राम की सेना के बीच वह भयानक युद्ध न हुआ होता। असंख्य वीरों को अपने प्राण ने गॅवाने पड़ते तथा रावण की असमय मृत्यु भी न हुई होती।

प्रश्न 14.
नीचे कुछ चारित्रिक विशेषताएँ दी गई हैं और तालिका में कुछ पात्रों के नाम दिए गए हैं। प्रत्येक नाम के सामने उपयुक्त विशेषताओं को छाँटकर लिखो
पराक्रमी, साहसी, निडर, पितृभक्त, वीर, शांत, दूरदर्शी, त्यागी, लालची, अज्ञानी, दुश्चरित्र, दीनबंधु, गंभीर, स्वार्थी, उदार, धैर्यवान, अड़ियल, कपटी, भक्त, न्यायप्रिय और ज्ञानी।।
राम………….
हनुमान……………..
सीता……………
लक्ष्मण……………
कैकेयी………….
रावण………………
विभीषण………………
भरत………………
उत्तर
राम  –  पराक्रमी, साहसी, निडर, पितृभक्त, वीर, शांत, दूरदर्शी, त्यागी, दीनबंधु, गंभीर, उदार, धैर्यवान, न्यायप्रिय, ज्ञानी।
लक्ष्मण  –  पराक्रमी, साहसी, निडर, पितृभक्त, वीर, दूरदर्शी, त्यागी, भक्त।
रावण  –  पराक्रमी, साहसी, निडर, वीर, अज्ञानी, दुश्चरित्र, अड़ियल, कपटी।
विभीषण  –  साहसी, निडर, दूरदर्शी, ज्ञानी ।
सीता  –  शांत, त्यागी, उदार, अड़ियल।
कैकेयी  –  लालची, अज्ञानी, दुश्चरित्र, स्वार्थी, अड़ियल, कपटी।
हनुमान  –   पराक्रमी, साहसी, निडर, वीर, शांत, दूरदर्शी, त्यागी, भक्त, ज्ञानी।
भरत  –  त्यागी, गंभीर, उदार, धैर्यवान, भक्त, न्यायप्रिय, ज्ञानी।

प्रश्न 15.
तुमने अपने आसपास के बड़ों से रामायण की कहानी सुनी होगी। रामलीला भी देखी होगी। क्या तुम्हें अपनी पुस्तक रामकथा की कहानी और बड़ों से सुनी रामायण की कहानी में कोई अंतर नज़र आया? यदि हाँ तो उसके बारे में कक्षा में बताओ।
उत्तर
बड़ों से सुनी गई रामकथा तथा रामलीला में राम के जीवन की कुछ महत्त्वपूर्ण घटनाओं का ही उल्लेख मात्र होता है परंतु पुस्तक ‘बाल रामकथा’ की कहानी से हमें राम के जीवन के हर छोटे-बड़े घटनाक्रम की जानकारी मिली। इस पुस्तक के माध्यम से हमें श्रीराम के जीवन का विस्तृत परिचय प्राप्त हुआ।

प्रश्न 16.
राम कथा में कई नदियों और स्थानों के नाम आए हैं। इनकी सूची बनाओ और एटलस में देखो कि कौन-कौन सी नदियाँ और जगहें अभी भी मौजूद हैं। यह काम तुम चार-चार के समूह में कर सकते हो।
उत्तर
रामकथा में सरयू, गंगा, गोदावरी, गंडक तथा गोमती और सोन नदियों का उल्लेख है। इस कथा में अयोध्या, मिथिला, चित्रकूट, किष्किंधा, दंडक वन, शृंगवेरपुर, विंध्याचल, प्रयाग और लंका जैसे कुछ स्थानों का उल्लेख है। ये सारे स्थल अपने पुराने या नए नामों के साथ आज भी भारत भूमि पर उपस्थित हैं। छात्र एटलस में इन्हें ढूंढ़ने का प्रयास करें।

प्रश्न 17.
यह रामकथा वाल्मीकि रामायण पर आधारित है। तुलसीदास द्वारा रचित रामचरितमानस के बारे में जानकारी इकट्ठी करो और उसे चार्टपेपर पर लिखकर कक्षा में लगाओ।
• रामकथा का नाम
• रचनाकार का नाम
• भाषा/प्रांत
उत्तर
कथा का नाम  –  रामचरित मानस
रचनाकार  –  तुलसीदास
भाषा/प्रांत  –  अवधी अवध (पूर्वी उत्तर प्रदेश)
छात्र यह जानकारी चार्ट पेपर पर दर्शाएं।

प्रश्न 18.
‘नगर में बड़ा समारोह आयोजित किया गया। धूमधाम से।’  (पृ०-3)
“एक दिन ऐसी ही चर्चा रही थी। गहन मंत्रणा ।’  (पृ०-4)
‘पाँच दिन तक सब ठीक-ठाक चलता रहा। शांति से। निर्विघ्न।। |  (पृ०-10)
रामकथा की इन पंक्तियों में कुछ वाक्य केवल एक या दो शब्दों के हैं। ऐसा लेखक ने किसी बात पर बल देने के लिए, उसे प्रभावशाली बनाने के लिए या नाटकीय बनाने के लिए किया है। ऐसे कुछ और उदाहरण पुस्तक से छाँटो और देखो कि इन एक-दो शब्दों के वाक्य को पिछले वाक्य में जोड़कर लिखने से बात के असर में क्या फर्क पड़ता है। उदाहरण के लिए- ‘पाँच दिन तक सब शांति से निर्विघ्न और ठीक-ठीक चलता रहा।
उत्तर
अन्य उदाहरण
(i) नदी पार जंगल था। घना दुर्गम।
– नदी पार घना और दुर्गम जंगल था।
(ii) महाराज पलंग पर पड़े हैं। बीमार। दीनहीन।
– महाराज पलंग पर बीमार और दीनहीन पड़े हैं।
छात्र उपर्युक्त उदाहरणों में दोनों वाक्यों के बीच के अंतर पर ध्यान दें।

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Hindi Bal Ramkatha Chapter 1 बाल रामकथा help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Hindi Bal Ramkatha Chapter 1 बाल रामकथा, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English An Alien Hand Chapter 8 The Bear Story are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English An Alien Hand Chapter 8 The Bear Story.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English An Alien Hand Chapter 8 The Bear Story

EXERCISES
(Page 57)

Answer the following questions :
Question 1.
Where did the lady find the bear cub ? How did she bring it up ?
Answer:
The lady found the bear cub in the dense forest near her house. She brought it up on the bottle with the help of the cook.

Question 2.
The bear grew up but “he was a most amiable bear”. Give three examples to prove this. (Imp.)
Answer:
The bear was a most amiable bear. He did not dream of harming anybody, man or beast. He looked amicably at the cattle grazing in the field but caused them no harm. Sometimes he went into the stable with his mistress. The three horses there did not mind it in the least. The children used to ride his back. More than once they had been found asleep between his two paws.

Question 3.
What did the bear eat ? There were two things he was not allowed to do. What were they ?
Answer:
The bear ate the same food as the dogs and often out of the same plate. He ate bread, porridge, potatoes, cabbages and turnips. Like all bears he was a vegetarian and he liked fruit the most. He was not allowed to climb the apple tree and eat them. He was also not allowed to touch the beehive.

Question 4.
When was the bear tied up with a chain ? Why ?
Answer:
Generally the bear was tied up with a chain only at night. But on Sundays the lady visited her sister who lived on the other side of the mountain lake. It was not safe to go with the bear through the forest. So on Sundays the bear was chained all day.

Question 5.
What happened one Sunday when the lady was going to her sister’s house ? What did the lady do ? What was the bear’s reaction ? (Imp.)
Answer:
One Sunday the lady was going to her sister’s house. She heard the cracking of tree branches in the forest. She looked back and was very angry to see the bear following her. She told him in her hardest tone to go back. The bear did not seem to listen. Then the lady saw that the bear had even lost his new collar. She hit the bear with her parasol so hard that it broke into two. The bear stopped and opened its mouth several times as if wanting to say something. Then the bear turned round and went back. However, it stopped now and then to look back at the lady. Ultimately the lady lost sight of him.

Question 6.
Why was the bear looking sorry for himself in the evening ? Why did the cook get angry with her mistress ? (V. Imp.)
Answer:
The bear was looking sorry for himself in the evening. The poor creature had been on chain all day. He did not like to be chained. He was waiting for the lady to come and release him. However, when the lady came, she began to scold the bear. She also threatened him with punishment. The cook heard it and rushed out from the kitchen. She got angry with her mistress because she loved the bear much. She knew that the bear had been as gentle as an angel. So she asked her mistress to bless him instead of scolding him.

EXERCISES
[Page 57)

Discuss the following topics in groups.
Question 1.
Most people keep dogs and cats as pets. Can you think of some unusual pets that people keep ?
Answer:
Not very long ago, many Indians kept many wild animals as pets. Among these were included not only deers and bears but even wolves and tigers. There are many snake-charmers in our country who keep snakes as pets. Some foreigners and even Indians in the South have crocodiles as their pets.

Question 2.
The second bear did not attack the lady because he was afraid of her. Do you agree ? (Imp.)
Answer:
It seems that it was the lady’s confidence which frightened the bear. She thought that it was her pet bear. She dealt with him as one would deal with one’s dog or cat. Her fearlessness obviously frightened the bear.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 7 Weather, Climate and Adaptations of Animals to Climate are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 7 Weather, Climate and Adaptations of Animals to Climate.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 7 Weather, Climate and Adaptations of Animals to Climate

Question 1.
Name the elements that determine the weather of a place.
Answer:
Temperature, rainfall, humidity.

Question 2.
When are the maximum and minimum temperatures likely to occur during the day?
Answer:
The maximum temperature of the day generally occurs in the afternoon while the minimum temperature occurs generally in the early morning.

Question 3.
Fill in the blanks:
(i) The average weather taken over a long time is called …….
(ii) A place receives very little rainfall and the temperature is high throughout the year, the climate of that place will be …… and ………
(iii) The two regions of the earth with extreme climatic conditions are ……… and ……..
Answer:
(i) climate
(ii) dry, very hot
(iii) tropical, polar

Question 4.
Indicate the type of climate of the following areas:
(а) Jammu and Kashmir : ……….
(b) Kerala : ………
(c) Rajasthan : ………..
(d) Northeast India : ………
Answer:
(a) Moderately hot and moderately wet (very cold in winter).
(b) Very hot and wet.
(c) Hot and dry.
(d) Wet.

Question 5.
Which of the two changes frequently, weather or climate?
Answer:
It is the weather that changes frequently because it is such a complex phenomenon that it can vary over a very short period of time.

Question 6.
Following are some of the characteristics of animals:
(i) Diets heavy on fruits
(ii) White fur
(iii) Need to migrate
(iv) Loud voice
(v) Sticky pads on feet
(vi) Layer of fat under skin
(vii) Wide and large paws
(viii) Bright colours
(ix) Strong tails
(x) Long and large beak
Each characteristic indicates whether it is an adaptation for tropical rainforests or polar regions. Do you think that some of these characteristics can be adapted for both regions?
Answer:

 Question 7.
The tropical rainforest has a large population of animals. Explain why it is so.
Answer:
Because of continuous warmth and rain, this region supports wide variety of plants and animals.

Question 8.
Explain, with examples, why we find animals of certain kinds living in particular climatic conditions.
Answer:
Animals are adapted to survive in the conditions in which they live. Features and habits that help animals to adapt to their surroundings are a result of the process of evolution. Since to survive in a particular type of climate all the animals must have certain adaptive features, therefore we find animals of a certain kind living in a particular climatic conditions. For example, animals in the polar region are adapted to the extremely cold climate by having some special characteristics as in polar bear such as white fur, strong sense of smell, a layer of fat under the skin, wide and large paws for swimming and walking etc.

Question 9.
How does elephant living in the tropical rainforest adapt themselves?
Answer:
The elephant has adapted to the conditions of rainforests in many remarkable ways. It uses the trunk as a nose because of which it has a strong sense of smell. The trunk is also used for picking up food. Moreover, its tusks are modified teeth. These can tear the bark of trees that elephant loves to eat. So, the elephant is able to handle the competition for food rather well. The large ears of the elephant help it to hear even very soft sounds. They also help the elephant to keep cool in the hot and humid climate of the rainforest.

Choose the correct option which answers the following question:
Question 10.
A carnivore with stripes on its body moves very fast while catching its prey. It is likely to be found in
(i) polar regions
(ii) deserts
(iii) oceans
(iv) tropical rainforests
Answer:
(iv) tropical rainforests

Question 11.
Which features adapt polar bears to live in an extremely cold climate?
(i) A white fur, fat below the skin, keen sense of smell.
(ii) Thin skin, large eyes, white fur.
(iii) A long tail, strong claws, white large paws.
(iv) White body, paws for swimming, gills for respiration.
Answer:
(i) A white fur, fat below the skin, keen sense of smell.

Question 12.
Which option best describes a tropical region?
(i) Hot and humid
(ii) Moderate temperature, heavy rainfall
(iii) Cold and humid
(iv) Hot and dry
Answer:
(i) Hot and humid

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 7 Weather, Climate and Adaptations of Animals to Climate help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 7 Weather, Climate and Adaptations of Animals to Climate, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 11 Force and Pressure are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 11 Force and Pressure.

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 11 Force and Pressure

NCERT TEXTBOOK EXERCISES

Question 1.
Give two examples of each of situations in which you push or pull to change the state of motion of objects.
Answer.
(1) If a rubber ball or marble is placed on a very smooth surface and given a small push, it starts moving with some speed. If we keep an obstacle in the way of motion of the marble/ball, the marble/ball will stop moving at the obstacle. Here a push is given to the marble/ball at rest to change its state of rest to motion.

(2) If a child is placed on a hanging swing in the state of rest and the swing is pulled again and again by a rope, the swing will move to and fro with a speed. If the pull is bigger, the swing will move at a bigger distance. This is an example of a pull that changed the state of an object from the rest of the motion.

Question 2.
Give two examples of situations in which applied force causes a change in the shape of an object.
Answer.

1. If an inflated balloon is taken and pressed from two sides with a hand, its shape changed, i.e., the figure is disturbed. If the inflated balloon is pressed with more force, the balloon will burst.
2. If a plate of steel is beaten with a hammer, after four-five big blows the plate’s shape will change.

Question 3.
Fill in the blanks in the following statements:

1. To draw water from a well, we have to ……….. at the rope.
2. A charged body………….an uncharged body towards it.
3. To move a loaded trolley, we have to…………...it.
4. The north pole of a magnet…………….the north pole of another magnet.

Answer.

1. pull
2. attracts
3. pull/push
4. repels.

Question 4.
An archer stretches her bow while taking aim at the target. She then releases the arrow, which begins to move towards the target. Based on this information fill up the gaps in the following statements using the following terms: muscular, contact, non-contact, gravity, friction, shape, attraction.

1. To stretch the bow, the archer applies a force that causes a change in its……..
   
2. The force applied by the archer to stretch the bow is an example of.………..force.
3. The type of force responsible for a change in the state of motion of the arrow is an example of a…………….force.
4. While the arrow moves towards its target, the forces acting on it are due to……….and that due to of air.

Answer.

1. shape
2. muscular
3. contact
4. gravity, friction.

Question 5.
In the following situations identify the agent exerting the force and the object on which it acts. State the effect of the force in each case.
(a) Squeezing a piece of lemon between the fingers to extract its juice.
(b) Taking out paste from a toothpaste tube.
(c) A load suspended from a spring while its other end is on a hook fixed to a wall.
(d) An athlete making a high jump to clear the bar at a certain height.
Answer.

Question 6.
A blacksmith hammers a hot piece of iron while making a tool. How does the force due to hammering affect the piece of iron?
Answer.
The shape of the hot piece of iron changes. It flattens and becomes thinner than earlier. This is the effect of force due to hammering the piece of iron.

Question 7.
An inflated balloon was pressed against a wall after it has been rubbed with a piece of synthetic cloth. It was found that the balloon sticks to the wall. What force might be responsible for the attraction between the balloon and the wall?
Answer.
Electrostatic force.

Question 8.
Name the forces acting on a plastic bucket containing water held above ground level in your hand. Discuss why the forces acting on the bucket do not bring a change in its state of motion.
Answer.
The forces that act on the bucket are as follows:

1. The pressure of water contained in it exerted on its wall and on the base of the bucket.
2. Force of gravity exerted by earth.
3. Muscular force by my hand.

The water is contained in a bucket and the pressure is exerted by water on the walls of the bucket, which is sufficient to take it as a force. This force is counterbalanced by the force exerted by the walls of the bucket on water. As the bucket (with water) is held in my hand, so I overcome the force of gravity of the earth.

Thus, it can be concluded that there is no net effect of forces acting on the bucket full of water. That is why these forces do not bring a change in its state of motion.

Question 9.
A rocket has been fired upwards to launch a satellite in its orbit. Name the two forces acting on the rocket immediately after leaving the launching pad.
Answer.
The two forces that are acting on the rocket immediately after leaving the launching pad are:

1. Force of gravity of earth acting down-ward
2. The frictional force produced by air particles.

Question 10.
When we press the bulb of a dropper with its nozzle kept in water, the air in the dropper is seen to escape in the form of bubbles. Once we release the pressure on the bulb, water gets filled in the dropper. The rise of water in the dropper is due to
(a) pressure of water
(b) the gravity of the earth
(c) the shape of a rubber bulb
(d) atmospheric pressure
Answer.
(a) the pressure of water.

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