Category: CBSE Class 10

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English Language and Literature Paper 2 are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English Language and Literature Paper 2.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English Language and Literature Paper 2

Board	CBSE
Class	10
Subject	English Language and Literature
Sample Paper Set	Paper 2
Category	CBSE Sample Papers

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 10 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme, as prescribed by the CBSE, is given here. Paper 2 of Solved CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English Language and Literature is given below with free PDF download Answers.

Time: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions

• The paper consists of 3 sections: A, B, C.
• Attempt all the questions.
• Don’t write anything on the question paper.
• Read each question carefully and follow the given instructions.
• All the answers must be correctly numbered and written in the answer sheet provided to you.
• Strictly adhere to the word limit given in the question paper. Marks will be deducted for exceeding the word limit.
• Ensure that questions of each section are answered together.

SECTION A
(Reading – 20 Marks)

Question 1.
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: (8)
1. One day Gandhiji and Vallabhbhai Patel were talking in the Yeravda jail when Gandhiji remarked, “At times even a dead snake can be of use.” And he related the following story to illustrate his point: Once a snake entered the house of an old woman. The old woman was frightened and cried out for help. Hearing her, the neighbors rushed up and killed the snake. Then they returned to their homes. Instead of throwing the dead snake far away, the old woman flung it onto her roof.
2. Sometime later a kite flying overhead spotted the dead snake. In its beak, the kite had a pearl necklace which it had picked up from somewhere. It dropped the necklace and flew away with the dead snake. When the old woman saw a bright, shining object on her roof she pulled it down with a pole. Finding that it was a pearl necklace she danced with joy!
3. One day a bania found a snake in his house. He could not find anyone to kill it for him and had not the courage to kill it himself. Besides, he hated killing any living creature. So, he covered the snake with a pot and let it there.
4. As luck would have it, that night some thieves broke into the bania’s house. They entered the kitchen and saw the overturned pot. “Ah”, they thought, “the bania has hidden something valuable here.” As they lifted the pot, the snake struck. Having come with the object of stealing, they barely left with their lives.
5. Once he came out of jail, Gandhiji went from city to city, village to village collecting funds for the Charkha Sangh. During one of his tours, he addressed a meeting in Orissa.
6. After his speech a poor old woman got up. She was bent with age, her hair was grey and her clothes were in tatters. The volunteers tried to stop her, but she fought her way to the place where Gandhiji was sitting. “I must see him,” she insisted and going up to Gandhiji touched his feet.
7. Then from the folds of her sari, she brought out a copper coin and placed it at his feet. Gandhiji picked up the copper coin and put it away carefully.
8. The Charkha Sangh funds were under the charge of Jamnalal Bajaj. He asked Gandhi for the coin but Gandhi refused.

1.1. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer any eight of the following questions in brief: (1 x 8 = 8)
(a) Why did the woman cry out?
(b) What did the kite do when it saw the dead snake on the roof?
(c) How did the live snake help the bania?
(d) Why was the old woman happy?
(e) Why did Gandhiji go to Orissa?
(f) Describe the woman who went up to meet Gandhiji.
(g) Why did the old woman have to fight her way to the place where Gandhiji was sitting?
(h) Who was in charge of the Charkha Sangh funds and what did he ask Gandhiji for?
(i) Find the word in paragraph 8 which is the Antonym of ‘Accepted’.

Question 2.
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: (12)
1. The other day I received an unusual and very gratifying gift: I was given a tree or rather, I was given half-a-dozen trees which would be planted on my behalf. I had been invited to give a talk to an organization. After such events, the speaker is usually given a token gift. Sometimes the gift is that of a pen, or something useful. Often, the gift is in the form of a plaque or a similar token. However well-meant, such gifts are destined to gather dust in forgotten comers. Which is why I was agreeably surprised to be given a scroll which attested that, on a designated plantation established for the purpose, trees would be added in my name as part of the ‘green’ movement sponsored by the organization.
2. In an increasingly environmentally conscious world, the gift of a living tree or plant makes for a perfect present. The tradition of giving and receiving gifts has increasingly become a highly evolved marketing exercise. Apart from festivals like Diwali, Holi, Christmas, Eid and others, a whole new calendar of celebration events has been created to promote the giving of gifts: Mother’s Day, Father’s day, Teacher’s day, Valentine’s Day and so on.
3. What do you give to people – friends, relatives, spouses, children, parents, employees, clients, well-wishers who more or less have everything or at least everything that you could afford to give them as a gift?
4. Another box of chocolates? Another bottle of scent or after-shave? Another shirt or a kurta? Another another?
5. Thinking of unusual and pleasing presents which are also affordable is a full-time job. Like wedding planners and planners of theme parties, present planners—professionals who select and make up gift packages for you to give on occasions like marriages and corporate events— and doing increasingly good business.
6. However, the best-planned gifts of mine and thine go often awry. How often particularly during the so-called ‘festive seasons’ when gift giving and gift receiving reach epidemic proportions— have you had the embarrassing experience of getting back as a present a gift you yourself had given to someone who, having no use for it and not realizing that it was you who had gifted it, to begin with had unwittingly returned your gift to you? Like musical chairs, musical gifts only too often go round and round.
7. This is true not only at the individual but also at the level of the state. The diplomatic protocol also demands the exchange of gifts according to culture and tradition. Such tokens like the numbers of crudely made miniature Taj Mahals that Sarkari India has presented into the reluctant hands of foreign guests must fill entire godowns across the globe.
8. How much more preferable a living tree than a crude model of the Taj possibly made of marble from an unauthorized quarry? If the giving of tree sapling were to be institutionalized, it could lead to another green revolution in the lucrative and growing field of gift giving, with a new, eco-friendly industry taking root in plantations and nurseries specially created for the purpose. People could feel good looking at the certificate that trees had been planted in their names. Next birthday, give someone you love a tree one day the two of you might sit under the shade of the same tree.

2.1. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer any four of the following questions in brief: (2 x 4 = 8)
(a) What was the gift? Why was it unusual and gratifying?
(b) Why is selecting a gift described as a ‘full-time job’?
(c) What does the writer mean by “However the best-planned gifts of mine and thine go often awry”?
(d) How can we cause another green revolution?
(e) What is a demand made by diplomatic protocol?

2.2. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer any four of the following: (1 x 4 = 4)
(a) In paragraph 1, ………… means satisfying.
(i) gratifying
(ii) contenting
(iii) relieving
(iv) modification

(b) A token gift is usually given to …………..
(i) the listener
(ii) the speaker
(iii) the referee
(iv) the leader

(c) Procedure ………. are slanted in their names.
(i) trees
(ii) mangoes
(iii) roses
(iv) gifts

(d) In paragraph 6, the synonym of unintentionally is ……….
(i) diplomatic
(ii) initializing
(iii) unauthorized
(iv) unwittingly

(e) The giving of tree sapling should be ……….
(i) ordered
(ii) mandatory
(iii) institutionalized
(iv) lucrative

SECTION B
(Writing & Grammar – 30 Marks)

Question 3.
Write a letter to the Editor of a local newspaper complaining about employing minor children both boys and girls as full domestic help is a common feature, also advocating the need to stop such practice which deprives the children of their basic rights. You are Kunwar/Shubhangi, B-36, Mayur Vihar, Phase-II, Delhi.
OR
You are Sakshi/Saksham, a customer of Excited Broadband. Write a letter to the Customer Care Department, Excited regarding the poor service of Internet connection. You are a resident of 485, Ram Nagar, Shahdara.

Question 4.
Write a complete story in about 150-200 words on the basis of the startup lines.
Rajan was never ordinary, except his circumstances. A student of class IX ………
OR
Develop a story with the help of the following opening line-
Once a man named Mohanlal lived in a city. He had four sons ………….

Question 5.
Fill in any four gaps by choosing the most appropriate words from the options given below. (1 x 4 = 4)
Today we (a) ………. all familiar with the use of fingerprinting. It is very important and is fighting crime. (b) ………….. many people do not know that it was in India (c) ………. fingerprints (d) ………. first used for catching criminals. Fingerprints (e) ………. be found on practically any solid surface including the human body.
(a) (i) are (ii) is (iii) were (iv) was
(b) (i) Since (ii) But (iii) And (iv) Though
(c) (i) which (ii) who (iii) that (iv) where
(d) (i) was (ii) is (iii) are (iv) were
(e) (i) should (ii) shall (iii) can (iv) will

Question 6.
The following passage has not been edited. There is one error in each line. Write the . incorrect word and the correction against any four lines of the passage. (1 x 4 = 4)

Question 7.
Rearrange any four of the following groups of words and phrases to form meaningful sentences: (1 x 4 = 4)
(a) love / Indians / celebrate / to / festivals
(b) enjoy / time / they / with / spending / families / their
(c) exchanged / are/and / sweets / are / gifts / distributed
(d) even/away / some / stay / people / work / from
(e) religion / of / most / are / the / festivals / India / with / in / associated

SECTION C
(Literature : Textbook & Long Reading Text – 30 Marks)

Question 8.
Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow: (1 x 4 = 4)
Did you finish your homework, Amanda?
Did you tidy your room, Amanda?
I thought I told you to clean your shoes Amanda!
(a) Who speaks these lines and to whom?
(b) What are the various works she has to do?
(c) What does the parent think she asked her Amanda to do?
(d) Does Amanda listen to her mother attentively?
OR
Never, never and never again shall it be that this beautiful
The land will again experience the oppression of one another.
The Sun shall never set on so glorious a human achievement.
Let freedom reign. God bless Africa!
(a) Who speaks these words and when?
(b) What kind of oppression does the speaker refer to here?
(c) Explain ‘The Sun shall never set’.
(d) Who led the first non-racial government?

Question 9.
Answer any four of the following questions in 30-40 words each: (2 x 4 = 8)
(a) Who received Lencho’s letter? Why did he answer it?
(b) Why was it difficult for Hari to rob Anil?
(c) ‘Horace was no ordinary thief.’ Explain.
(d) How did the young seagull’s mother teach him flying?
(e) What is the story about the origin of the people of Coorg?

Question 10.
Answer any one of the following questions in about 100-120 words: (8)
How did otter behave in the beginning? How did he become familiar with the author?
OR
The course of the Loisel’s life changed due to the necklace. Comment.

Question 11.
Answer any one of the following questions in about 200-250 words:
Give a character sketch of Margot Frank.
OR
What were the economic and social conditions during the war?
OR
Describe Helen’s first experience of encountering a dangerous aspect of nature.
OR
Give a brief character sketch of Helen’s mother.

Answers

Answer 1.
(a) The woman cried out for help because a snake had entered her house and that sight frightened her.
(b) The kite dropped a pearl necklace which it had picked up from somewhere and flew away with the dead snake.
(c) When the thieves entered the bania’s house they saw the snake under the pot and ran for their lives.
(d) The old woman was happy because the kite had dropped a pearl necklace on her roof while taking the dead snake.
(e) Gandhiji went to Orissa for collecting funds.
(f) The woman was old and her body was bent with age. She had grey hair and tattered clothes.
(g) The old woman had to fight her way because the volunteers tried to stop the poor woman from going to Gandhiji.
(h) Jamnalal Bajaj was in-charge of the Charkha Sangh funds and he asked for the copper coin from Gandhiji.
(i) Refused

Answer 2.
2.1. (a) The gift was a scroll which attested that on a designated plantation half a dozen trees would be planted on behalf of the writer. It was all usual and gratifying for him as it was different from the usual token of appreciation handed down to a speaker and it was for a great cause.
(b) Selecting a gift is described as a full-time job as often people have all necessities and it is impossible to choose the perfect gift for them. Also most of the time we get things in gifts we usually do possess.
(c) The writer means that sometimes even giving gifts can go totally wrong. Sometimes during the festive, season, one can receive back the same gift from another that he/she had given.
(d) We can cause another green revolution if gifting saplings were to be started. This would ‘ lead to people and even diplomats receiving and giving saplings which would lead to growth of plantations and nurseries.
(e) The diplomatic protocol also demands exchange of gifts according to culture and tradition. Such tokens like the numbers of crudely made miniature Taj Mahals that Sarkari India has presented into the reluctant hands of foreign guests must fill entire godowns across the globe.

2.2. (a) (i) gratifying
(b) (ii) the speaker
(c) (i) trees
(d) (iv) unwittingly
(e) (iii) institutionalized

Answer 3.
B-36, Mayur Vihar
Phase-II, Delhi
19th June, 20xx
The Editor
The Times of India
New Delhi

Sub: Stopping Child Labour

Sir,
Through the columns of your esteemed newspaper, I want to raise my voice against the exploitation of minors by the so-called elite class. They employ some boys and girls as full-time domestic help in order to save money. These children are given very less salary.
They have to work hard the whole day whereas the children of the employer enjoy all the luxuries of life and study in good schools. Sometimes the employers go to the extent of inflicting atrocities on these children. It is really painful to see that at this tender age these children are compelled to work under most unfavorable conditions.
Most of the time, parents of these children are responsible for their plight. Just to add the income of the family they drop their children from school and engage them in doing such a job. Our Government should take some concrete steps to improve the condition of these underprivileged children. I would like you to give appropriate space to my letter in your esteemed newspaper so that the authorities concerned wake up and take appropriate action.

Yours sincerely
Kunwar

OR

485, Ram Nagar
Shahdara, Delhi
15th Sept., 20xx
The Manager
Customer Care Department (Broadband)
Excitel, Exchange Ram Nagar
Delhi-110032

Sub: Poor Broadband Service

Sir,
I am a customer of your reputed broadband service and my customer ID is 41721. The Internet service at my home is very poor and I have to restart the modem or adjust the cables 10-12 times to get it working every time. Even after that, it works only for 5-7 minutes and then the modem restarts itself.
I have already raised several complaints on the helpline number but the issue has not been rectified as yet. It seems that there is some hardware issue with modem and it needs replacement as it keeps on restarting and its indicators are also not in proper order.
I would highly appreciate if you would look into the matter to deliver the best to its customers.

Thanking you

Yours faithfully
Sakshi
Mobile No. 97604-19xxx

Answer 4.
Rajan was never ordinary, except his circumstances. A student of class IX he was always above his peers, be it neatness, punctuality or discipline. He never had time to waste. After school, he had to help his father at their small shop. He would always carry his books and when there was no customer he would quickly complete his homework. His teachers were very fond of ’ him, especially his English teacher. The moment the teacher would ask the question, Rajan would be the first one to raise his hand. The only subject that put in a spoke in his wheel v/as Maths. He envied everyone who could solve the Maths problems within no time. Rajan’s dreams were translated into reality when he got the chance to work part-time in the household of a retired college professor of Maths, Mr. Rakesh. Mr. and Mrs. Rakesh not only attended to Rajan’s drawback but also gave him excellent career guidance. With the grace of God and his hard work, Rajan cleared the IIM with flying colors.
OR
Once a man named Mohanlal lived in a city. He and his wife had four sons. Both of them passed away, while the children were still young. Their greedy relatives tricked them out of their property and the boys were left penniless. One day the eldest brother said, “It seems to me that we should master some skills which will help us to earn a lot of money and be free.” After some discussion, they decided that it would be best if they acquired magic powers, which would help to bring in a steady income. They set off in different directions. Many months later, they met at appointed place.

The eldest son said, “I have mastered a particular kind of magic. I can cover the bare bones of an animal with the right kind of flesh.
The second one said, “I have learned to add skin and hairs of the animal after the flesh has been added to the bones. The third one said, “I know how to create the limbs of the animals whose bones have been clothed with skin, flesh, and hair. And the fourth one said, “When such an animal is fully formed, I can fill life into it.

So they went into the forest to look for the bones of an animal. Soon they found some scattered bones of an animal. The three brothers who knew to change showed their magic and they saw that they had made a lion. As soon as the fourth brother muttered a spell, the huge lion arose and ate each one of them. Thus, four brothers died because of foolish ideas. This proves if you lack wisdom and common sense even the best skills cannot help you.

Answer 5.
(a) (i) are
(b) (ii) But
(c) (iii) that
(d) (iv) were
(e) (iii) can

Answer 6.
Incorrect    Correction
(a) in             on
(b) the           a
(c) with         of
(d) for           to
(e) the           a

Answer 7.
(a) Indians love to celebrate festivals.
(b) They enjoy spending time with their families.
(c) Gifts are exchanged and sweets are distributed.
(d) Some people even stay away from work.
(e) Most of the festivals in India are associated with religion.

Answer 8.
(a) These lines are spoken by Amanda’s parents to Amanda.
(b) She has to complete her homework, clean her room and her shoes.
(c) The parents think that she asked Amanda to clean her shoes.
(d) She does not listen to her mother as she is often lost in her world of imagination.
OR
(a) These words are spoken by Nelson Mandela on the ceremony of South Africa’s first democratically elected government.
(b) The speaker refers to the oppression of the blacks by the whites in South Africa.
(c) It means that the independence of the people of South Africa should last forever.
(d) Nelson Mandela.

Answer 9.
(a) Lencho’s letter was received by the postmaster. Since it was addressed to God and the postmaster, who was kindhearted and generous, did not want to shake Lencho’s faith in God. He wanted to help Lencho and his family. Therefore he answered it.
(b) Anil was the most trusting person Hari had met. He had given him a key to the door and therefore it was difficult to rob him. According to Hari, it’s easy to rob a greedy man because he can afford to be robbed. But it’s difficult to rob a careless man because sometimes he does not even notice he’s been robbed and takes all the pleasure out of work.
(c) Horace was no ordinary thief because he loved rare, expensive books. So he robbed a safe every year. Each year he planned carefully. What he would do that he stole enough to last for twelve months and secretly bought the books he loved through an agent.
(d) The young Seagull’s mother kept him hungry forth twenty-four hours. She kept playing with a piece of fish before him. She came to him with it. Then she suddenly stopped before him. It provoked him to dive for food. Thus she taught him to fly.
(e) It is said that people of Coorg are of Greek or Arabic origin. Apart of Alexander’s army is said to have settled here. This is clear from their traditions and rites which are different from the Hindus. The theory of Arab origin draws support from the long, black coat worn by the Kodavus, which is known as Kuppia.

Answer 10.
In the beginning, the otter was neither hostile nor friendly. He was simply aloof and indifferent.
He preferred to sleep on the floor near the author’s bed. But soon he got familiar with the author and started taking a keen interest in his surroundings. The second night he came on to the author’s bed and slept in the crook of his knees. Thereafter he became friendly with the author. Whenever he was in trouble, he rushed to the author for protection. When he was indoors he spent most of the time in play. He even escaped to the bathroom where it struggled with tap for water. In this way, he became familiar with the author.
OR
Matilda lost Mrs. Forestier’s necklace while she was dancing at the ball. Matilda and her husband had to return the necklace after borrowing eighteen thousand francs from lenders. They handed the jewel box to Mrs. Forestier who did not open the Jewel Box. After that Matilda and her husband spent a life of misery. A tremendous change came in the lifestyle of Matilda after this incident. She started living in a rented house, sent away the maid, and also started doing all the household work. She led a wretched, poor and humble life for ten years. Matilda’s desire to show off and one little act of negligence or one small error led to the utter ruin of their life full of pleasures. They suffered poverty for ten years due to the debt they incurred to buy a necklace.

Answer 11.
Margot Frank is Anne’s elder sister. She is sixteen at the beginning of the diary and eighteen at the end of it. She does not get much attention in the diary, yet according to Anne, she is prettier, quieter, smarter and more matured than Anne. We do come across some minor quarrels between the two sisters but Margot is Anne’s wellwisher. She sees Anne as a friend to talk to and confide in. She even encourages Anne’s relationship with Peter. Still, she remains under-appreciated by Anne. Her moves in the diary depict her as a mature and caring person. Margot is docile and not assertive like Anne. She is more self-controlled though for Anne she is weak-willed and passive. Margot is quite intelligent and good at her studies. She is not at all jealous of Anne because she has not found a friend like her so much so, she even tells her sister that she thinks of Peter as a young brother. She is not impulsive and moody. She is not critical of other’s faults. She is closer to her mother. This can be the reason why she has been under-appreciated by Anne. She is of adjusting nature and accepts life as it is. She has not developed much like Anne.
OR
The economic and social conditions worsened day by day during the war. Half a pound of coffee cost eighty guilders, half a pound of tea cost three hundred and fifty guilders and a pound of butter cost thirty-five guilders. Everyone was trading in the black market. People had to queue for vegetables and all kinds of goods. Vandalization, murders, and thefts were daily occurrences. The doctors could not visit the patients since their cars and bikes were stolen the moment they turned their back to them. The little children smashed the windows of people’s homes and stole whatever they could lay their hands on. People never left their homes in the fear of finding their belongings stolen. Even the police and night watchman were getting in on the act. Everyone wanted to put food into their stomachs and since wages had been frozen, people resolved to swindling. Everyday the newspapers were filled with reward notice for the return of stolen typewriters, prison rugs, etc. The electric clocks on street comers were dismantled and public phones were stripped down to the last wire. The police had been mightily trying to track down many girls of fifteen and older who were reported missing every day. The only good thing that came out of this was as the situation became more severe, the act of sabotage against the authorities increased.
OR
Once Helen and Miss Sullivan were returning from a walk and they decided to rest under a wild cherry tree. They decided to have lunch sitting under the tree. Helen managed to climb the tree and found a seat in the branches. Miss Sullivan went away to the house to bring the lunch. Suddenly the sky was overcast with clouds and Helen could feel the difference in the atmosphere. She sensed the sky had turned dark as the sun’s warmth had dwindled. Helen smelt a strange odor coming up from the earth, the odor that preceded a thunderstorm. Helen was very frightened. She was alone, cut off from her friends and family and away from her teacher. Moreover, she wanted to get down from the tree. The tree shivered, the branches swayed and Helen held the branches very tightly. The twigs snapped and fell on Helen, the branches heaved and lashed. Helen had been driven to great fright when luckily her teacher arrived and was greatly delighted to feel the earth under her feet. That day Helen learned another lesson. She woke up to the fact that nature is not always kind and giving. It can be cruel and dangerous also. Beneath the softest touch were hidden treacherous claws.
OR
Right from the beginning, the greatest credit of making Helen self-reliant went to Helen’s mother, who had been the epitome of encouragement and motivation. Helen noticed the entire world sitting in her mother’s lap. Her mother succeeded in making Helen understand a great deal. She learned to distinguish her clothes, do errands, make crude signs and feel all the objects. Her mother stressed on Helen’s strengths and did not complain about her deprivations. During Helen’s temperamental outbursts there was a great understanding on her part. Helen was never alienated. She was always there, within the family entertaining guests and making Christmas preparations. Helen’s mother never gave up hope for Helen’s education as she had read Dickens’ American Notes. She had read of the deaf and blind Laura Bridgman. Most of the family members doubted if Helen could ever be educated but her mother persisted in her efforts and finally, Miss Sullivan arrived at the doorstep. Helen’s mother never interfered with the innovative methods of Miss Sullivan’s teaching and provided all the support. She was a lady who could take a firm step also when things turned a little ugly at the Gilman school. Helen was immediately withdrawn. Helen’s mother tried every way to make Helen communicate. Helen’s mother remained her greatest strength and her greatest inspiration.

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CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science in Hindi Medium Paper 1 is part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science in Hindi Medium . Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science in Hindi Medium Paper 1

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science in Hindi Medium Paper 1

Board	CBSE
Class	X
Subject	Science
Sample Paper Set	Paper 1
Category	CBSE Sample Papers

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 10 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme as prescribed by the CBSE is given here. Paper 1 of Solved CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science in Hindi Medium is given below with free PDF download solutions.

समय : 3 घण्टे
पूर्णांक : 80

सामान्य निर्देश :

• इस प्रश्न पत्र के दो भाग, A व B हैं। आप को दोनों भाग करने हैं।
• सभी प्रश्न अनिवार्य हैं।
• भाग A के सभी प्रश्न एक साथ करने हैं तथा भाग B के सभी प्रश्न एक साथ करने हैं।
• भाग A के प्रश्न सं० 1 व 2 एक अंक के हैं। इनका उत्तर एक शब्द अथवा एक वाक्य में लिखना है।
• प्रश्न सं० 3 से 5 तक दो अंक के हैं। इनका उत्तर 30 शब्दों में (प्रत्येक प्रश्न के लिए) लिखिए।
• प्रश्न सं० 6 से 15 तक तीन अंक के हैं। इनमें से प्रत्येक प्रश्न का उत्तर 50 शब्दों में लिखिए।
• प्रश्न सं० 16 से 21 तक पाँच अंक के हैं। इनमें से प्रत्येक प्रश्न का उत्तर 70 शब्दों में लिखिए।
• भाग B के प्रश्न सं० 22 से 27 तक प्रयोगात्मक कौशल पर आधारित हैं। प्रत्येक प्रश्न दो अंक का है।

SECTION A

प्र०1.
एक विद्युत धारा ले जाती चालक तार को एक चुबंकीय क्षेत्र में रखा जाता है, चालक तार जब सबसे अधिक बल लगता है तो उस समय दिशा के चालक तार की विद्युत धारा की दिशा तथा चुर्बकीय क्षेत्र के बीच कितने डिग्री का कोण होता है?

प्र०2.
नाक तथा जीभ पर कौन-कौन सी संवेदक ग्राहियाँ उपस्थित होती हैं?

प्र०3.
सौर पैनल क्या हैं?

प्र०4.
निम्नलिखित अभिक्रिया के लिए संतुलित रासायनिक समीकरण लिखिए और यह बताइए की यह किस प्रकार की अभिक्रिया है तथा उसे स्पष्ट भी करें : जब ऑयरन (III) ऑक्साईड, एल्युमिनियम से अभिक्रिया करता है तथा एल्युमिनियम ऑक्साईड व तरल ऑयरन बनता है।

प्र०5.
हम अक्सर रिहायशी कॉलोनियों की पिछली गलियों में गंदगी व घरेलू कचरे को अपघटित होते हुए देखते हैं। कुछ ऐसे तरीके सुझाइए जिससे लोगों को जागरूक किया जा सके कि इस प्रकार कचरे को फेंकने से पर्यावरण को क्षति पहुँचती है।

प्र०6.
एक भूरे लाल रंग की धातु, जिसे विद्युत की चालक तारों को बनाने में उपयोग किया जाता है, जब उसका चूर्ण बना कर एक चाइना प्याली में गर्म किया जाता है तो वह काले रंग का हो जाता है। इस काले चूर्ण में हाइड्रोजन गैस प्रवाहित करने पर, वह पुनः अपने पुराने भूरे लाल रंग में आ जाता है। इसके आधार पर निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए :
(i) इस धातु का नाम लिखिए तथा काले रंग के उत्पाद का नाम भी लिखिए।
(ii) दोनों अभिक्रियाओं के लिए संतुलित रासायनिक समीकरण भी लिखिए।

प्र०7.
(a) एक संयोजन अभिक्रिया का उदाहरण लिखें जो ऊष्माक्षेपी अभिक्रिया भी हो।
(b) निम्नलिखित अभिया में उपचयन ऐजेंट व अपचयन ऐजेंट चुनिए।
H₂S + Cl₂ → 2HCl + S
(c) उस प्रक्रम का नाम लिखिए जिसके कारण तैलीय भोजन को ज्यादा समय तक खुला रखने पर उसकी गंध व स्वाद खराब हो जाता है। इसके बचाव के दो उपाय भी लिखिए।
अथवा
(a) उन क्षारों को क्या कहते हैं, जो जल में अति घुलनशील होते हैं? इसका एक उदाहरण दें।
(b) दांत का खराब होना, pH से किस प्रकार संबंधित है? इसका किस प्रकार बचाव किया जा सकता है?
(c) मधुमक्खी के कांटने पर जलन व पीड़ा क्यों होती है? काटने वाली जगह पर मीठा सोडा मसलने पर आराम क्यों महसूस होता है?

प्र०8.
(a) पानी में डालने पर केल्शियम तैरने क्यों लगता है?
(b) अधिकतर धातु, नाइट्रिक अम्ल से अभिक्रिया करने पर H₂ गैस निष्कासित नहीं करती। क्यों? ।
(c) आयरन (लोहे) तथा भाप के बीच होने वाली अभिक्रिया का समीकरण लिखिए। बनने वाले आयरन के यौगिक का नाम भी लिखिए।

प्र०9.
5Ω, 10Ω तथा 15Ω के तीन प्रतिरोधक श्रेणी क्रम में एक 30 V वोल्ट की बैटरी के साथ वोल्टमीटर तथा एममीटर के साथ एक विद्युत परिपथ के साथ जुड़े हैं। इस परिपथ का चित्र बनाइए तथा परिपथ में से गुजरने वाली विद्युत धारा का मान ज्ञात करें। 10Ω प्रतिरोधक के दोनों सिरों के बीच विभवांतर भी ज्ञात करें।

प्र०10.
(a) मस्तिष्क के उन भागों के नाम लिखिए जो निम्नलिखित क्रियाओं को नियंत्रित करते हैं :
(i) ऐच्छिक क्रियाएँ
(ii) अनैच्छिक क्रियाएँ ।
(b) परिधीय तंत्रिका तंत्र को क्या महत्त्व है? इस तंत्रिका तंत्र के भागों के नाम लिखिए तथा यह कहाँ से शुरू होते हैं?

प्र०11.
कार्बन के यौगिकों की समजातीय श्रेणी को यह नाम क्यों दिया गया है? किसी समजातीय श्रेणी के दो क्रमागत सदस्यों के रासायनिक सूत्र लिखिए तथा इन यौगिकों के उन भागों का उल्लेख कीजिए जो इनके
(i) भौतिक गुणधर्म
(ii) रासायनिक गुणधर्म निर्धारित करते हैं।

प्र०12.
(i) वायरस, तथा
(ii) जीवाणु प्रत्येक द्वारा होने वाले दो-दो लैंगिक संचरित रोगों के नाम लिखिए। व्याख्या कीजिए कि इस प्रकार के रोगों के संचरण की रोकथाम कैसे की जाए?

प्र०13.
“किसी नवजात शिशु का लिंग मात्र संयोग है तथा जनकों (माता व पिता) में से किसी को भी इसके लिए उत्तरदायी नहीं माना जा सकता।” किसी नवजात शिशु के लिंग निर्धारण की प्रक्रिया को दर्शाने वाले प्रवाह आरेख की सहायता से इस कथन की पुष्टि कीजिए।

प्र०14.
(i) पश्च दृश्य दर्पणों, तथा
(ii) शेविंग दर्पणों में प्रयोग किए जाने वाले दर्पण के प्रकारों का उल्लेख कीजिए। प्रत्येक प्रकरण में अपने उत्तर की पुष्टि के लिए दो कारण दीजिए।
अथवा
6 सेमी ऊँचाई का कोई बिम्ब 5 सेमी फोकस दूरी के किसी अवतल लेंस के मुख्य अक्ष के लम्बवत् लेंस से 10 सेमी दूरी पर स्थित है। लेंस-सूत्र का उपयोग करके लेंस द्वारा बनने वाले प्रतिबिम्ब की स्थिति, साइज़ एवं प्रकृति निर्धारित कीजिए।

प्र०15.
सूर्योदय/सूर्यास्त तथा दोपहर के समय सूर्य के वर्ण में अन्तर होने का उल्लेख कीजिए। प्रत्येक के लिए व्याख्या कीजिए।

प्र०16.
(a) दो परमाणुओं A व B के बीच यौगिक बनने के लिए यदि ‘A’ परमाणु दो इलेक्ट्रॉन देता है तथा ‘B’ परमाणु एक इलेक्ट्रॉन प्राप्त करता है, तो :
(i) A व B के बीच किस प्रकार का आबंध बनाता है?
(ii) इस यौगिक का अणुसूत्र लिखिए।
(b) इसी प्रकार MgCl₂, अणु बनने की व्याख्या कीजिए।
(c) साधारण नमक अपनी तरल अवस्था में ही विद्युत धारा का प्रवाह करता हैं। क्यों?
(d) NaCl का गलनांक तापक्रम उच्च क्यों होता है?

प्र०17.
(a) दिए गए ग्राफ की सहायता से, चालक तार का प्रतिरोध ज्ञात कीजिए।
(b) 220 V तथा 5 A विद्युत धारा के परिपथ में 176 Ω प्रतिरोध वाले कितने प्रतिरोधक समांतर क्रम में लगाए जा सकते हैं?
(c) विद्युत शक्ति की परिभाषा लिखिए। विद्युत शक्ति, विभवांतर तथा विद्युत प्रतिरोध के बीच संबंध स्थापित कीजिए।

प्र०18.
मनुष्य के हृदय की अनुप्रस्थ काट का चित्र बनाकर, निम्नलिखित भाग नामांकित कीजिए।
(a) हृदय का वह भाग जो ऑक्सीकृत रक्त को पम्प करता है।
(b) वह रक्त वाहिनी, जो ऑक्सीकृत रक्त को, हृदय से अंगों में ले जाती है।
(c) वह रक्त वाहिनी, जो अनॉक्सीकृत रक्त को, शरीर के नीचे के भागों से हृदय में लाती है।

प्र०19.
(a) लैंगिक तथा अलैंगिक प्रकार के जनन में विभेदन करने वाले तीन लक्षणों (विशेषताओं) की सूची बनाइए।
(b) व्याख्या कीजिए कि लैंगिक जनन द्वारा उत्पन्न संतति में विभिन्नताएँ क्यों दिखाई देती हैं?
अथवा
(a) दिए गए चित्र में A, B तथा C को पहचानिए और इनके कार्य लिखिए।
(b) लैंगिक जनन करने वाले जीवों में युग्मक तथा युग्मनज की भूमिका का उल्लेख कीजिए।

प्र०20.
(a) प्रकाश के अपवर्तन के नियमों का उल्लेख कीजिए। किसी माध्यम के निरपेक्ष अपवर्तनांक तथा प्रकाश की निर्वात में गति के बीच संबंध को दर्शाने वाला व्यंजक लिखिए।
(b) वायु के सापेक्ष जल तथा काँच के अपवर्तनांक क्रमशः 4/3 तथा 3/2 हैं। यदि काँच में प्रकाश की चाल 2 x 10⁸ ms^-1 है, तो
(i) वायु,
(ii) जल में प्रकाश की गति ज्ञात कीजिए।

प्र०21.
आवर्त सारणी के तीसरे आवर्त के तत्त्व नीचे दिये गये हैं :

अब इनका उत्तर लिखिए :
(a) Na अथवा Mg में से किसका परमाणु बड़ा है तथा क्यों?
(b) इस आवर्त में सबसे अधिक क्रियाशील धातु व अधातु का नाम लिखिए।
(c) ‘S’ अथवा Cl में से कौन-सा अधिक क्रियाशील अधातु है?
(d) Al अथवा Cl में से किसका अधिक परमाणु द्रव्यमान है?

SECTION B

प्र०22.
जब जलीय सोडियम सल्फेट विलयन की जलीय बेरियम क्लोराइड विलयन के साथ अभिक्रिया होती है तो किस प्रकार का उत्पाद प्राप्त होता है? यह अभिक्रिया किस प्रकार की है? इसका संतुलित रासायनिक समीकरण भी लिखिए।

प्र०23.
जब दो प्रतिरोधक श्रेणी क्रम में जुड़े हैं तो उनका परिणामी प्रतिरोध ज्ञात करने के लिए प्रयोगशाला में विद्यार्थियों द्वारा ली जाने वाली किन्हीं चार सावधानियों का उल्लेख कीजिए।

प्र०24.
आमतौर पर स्लाईड बनाने के लिए पत्ती की निचली बाहरी त्वचा को ही झिल्ली के रूप में क्यों लिया जाता है?

प्र०25.
प्रकाश की एक आपतित किरण जब प्रिज्म से अपवर्तित होती है, तो वह प्रिज्म के आधार की तरफ क्यों मुड़ जाती है?

प्र०26.
दो प्रकार की विखण्डन विधियों के नाम लिखिए। प्रत्येक विधि से जनन करने वाले दो-दो जीवों के उदाहरण लिखिए।

प्र०27.
दिया गया पारदर्शी तरल एसिटिक अम्ल है या नहीं इसके लिए कौन से दो प्रयोग आप प्रयोगशाला में

Answers

उत्तर 1-
एक विद्युत धारा प्रवाहित तार को जब एक चुंबकीय क्षेत्र में रखा जाता है, तो उस समय दिशा के चालक तारे की विद्युत धारा की दिशा तथा चुंबकीय क्षेत्र के बीच 90° का कोण होता है।

उत्तर 2-
नाक में सूंघने की संवेदी ग्राही तथा जीभ पर चखने की संवेदी ग्राही उपस्थित होती है।

उत्तर 3-
जब बहुत अधिक संख्या में सोलर सेलों को परस्पर एक विशेष तरीके से जोड़ा जाता है तो उसे सौर पैनल कहते हैं। सोलर पैनल की सहायता से अधिक मात्रा में विद्युत ऊर्जा उत्पादित की जा सकती है।

उत्तर 4-
Fe₂O₃ (s) + 2Al (s) —-> 2Fe (l) + Al₂O₃ (s) + ऊष्मा
यह प्रतिस्थापन अभिक्रिया है तथा इसमें अधिक ऊष्मीय ऊर्जा उत्पादित होती है। इसलिए यह ऊष्माक्षेपी अभिक्रिया भी है। इसे थरमिट अभिक्रिया भी कहते हैं।

उत्तर 5-
(i) जिस जगह पर घरेलू कचरे का अपघटन होता है तो वे स्थान मक्खियों तथा मच्छरों के पनपने के स्थान बन जाते हैं। इससे संबंधित कुछ पोस्टर बनाकर उन्हें घरों की बाहरी दीवारों पर चिपका कर लोगों को समस्या के प्रति जागरूक किया जा सकता है।
(ii) प्रशासन को ऐसा कानून लागू करने चाहिए जिसके द्वारा नगरपालिकाएँ उन लोगों से जुर्माना वसूल कर सकती हैं जो अपने घरों का कचरा सड़क अथवा गलियों में फेंकते हैं।

उत्तर 6-
(i) धातु तांबा है। काले रंग का बना उत्पाद तांबे का ऑक्साइड है।
(ii)

उत्तर 7-

इसमें H₂S का ‘S’ में उपचयन हो रहा है, इसलिए यह अपचयन एजेंट है।
Cl₂ का ‘HCI’ में अपचयन हो रहा है, इसलिए यह उपचयन एजेंट (उपचायक) है।
(c) इस प्रक्रम को विकृतगंधिता कहते हैं।
बचाव के दो उपाय :
(i) तैलीय भोजन को वायुरोधी डिब्बों में बंद करके रखने पर।
(ii) तैलीय भोजन के पैकेट्स में निष्क्रिय नाइट्रोजन गैस प्रवाहित करने पर।
अथवा
(a) जल में अति घुलनशील क्षारों को ऐल्कली अथवा क्षार कहते हैं।
उदाहरण-NaOH तथा KOH
(b) मुंह का pH मान जब 5.5 से कम हो जाता है तो दांत की क्षति शुरू हो जाती है। भोजन के पश्चात् मुंह में बचे अथवा दांतों में फंसे भोजनकणों को जीवाणु अम्ल में परिवर्तित कर देते हैं। यह अम्ल दांतों को क्षति पहुँचाता है। दांत की क्षति को बचाने के लिए दांतों को टूथपेस्ट से नियमित रूप से साफ करना चाहिए। ये पेस्ट क्षारीय होते हैं, जो अम्ल के प्रभाव को उदासीन कर देते हैं।
(c) मधुमक्खी के काटने उसका डंक शरीर के उस भाग पर मेथेनोईक अम्ल छोड़ देता है, फलस्वरूप हमें जलन व पीड़ा महसूस होती है। परंतु उस जगह पर बेकिंग सोडा मलने पर जलन व पीड़ा समाप्त हो जाती है क्योंकि सोडा एक क्षारीय पदार्थ है, जो अम्ल को उदासीन कर उसके प्रभाव को समाप्त कर देता है।

उत्तर 8-
(a) केल्शियम की जल के साथ अभिक्रिया तेज नहीं है, इसलिए इस क्रिया में उत्पादित हाइड्रोजन गैस के अणु केल्शियम के अणुओं के साथ ही चिपक जाते हैं, जिसके कारण केल्शियम तैरने लगता है।
(b) अधिकतर धातु, HNO₃ (नाइट्रिक) अम्ल के साथ अभिक्रिया करके H₂ गैस नहीं बनाते हैं क्योंकि HNO₃ अम्ल एक तीव्र ऑक्सीकारक पदार्थ है, जो कि H₂ को H₂O में ऑक्सीकृत कर देता है तथा स्वयं N₂O, NO अथवा NO₂ में अपचयित हो जाता है।
(c)

हल 9-

विद्युत धारा, I = ?
V₂ = ?
कुल प्रतिरोध, R = R₁ + R₂ + R₃
= 5 + 10 + 15 = 30Ω
ओम के नियम द्वारा,

उत्तर 10-
(a) (i) ऐच्छिक क्रियाएँ-सभी ऐच्छिक क्रियाएँ पश्चमस्तिष्क (Cerebellum) भाग द्वारा नियंत्रित होती हैं।
(ii) अनैच्छिक क्रियाएँ-सभी अनैच्छिक क्रियाएँ मस्तिष्क के मज्जा (Medulla) द्वारा नियत्रित होती है।
(b) परिधीय तंत्रिका तंत्र शरीर के सभी भागों को केन्द्रीय तंत्रिका तंत्र से अपनी तंत्रिकाओं द्वारा जोड़ता है।
यह तंत्रिका तंत्र दो प्रकार की तंत्रिकाओं में बंटा हुआ है :
(i) कपाल तंत्रिकाएँ-इनके 12 जोड़े हैं, यह मस्तिष्क से शुरू होती हैं तथा शरीर के दूसरे भागों में – जा कर उनकी क्रियाओं को नियंत्रित करती हैं।
(ii) मेरु तंत्रिकाएँ-ये तंत्रिकाएँ मेरुरज्जु से शुरू होकर दूसरे अंगों में जाकर उनके कार्यों पर नियंत्रण करती हैं। विशेषता

उत्तर 11-
कार्बन के समजातीय यौगिकों के रासायनिक गुण एक-जैसे होते हैं तथा उनका क्रियात्मक समूह भी एक ही होता है, इसलिए इन यौगिकों को समजातीय श्रेणी का नाम दिया गया है।
दो क्रमागत सदस्य-CH₃OH, C₂H₅OH
(i) CH₃ तथा C₂H₅ एल्किल समूह हैं जो इनके भौतिक गुणधर्म निर्धारित करते हैं।
(ii) -OH इनका क्रियात्मक समूह है जो इनके रासायनिक गुणधर्मों को निर्धारित करता है।

उत्तर 12-
(i) वायरस द्वारा होने वाले दो लैंगिक संचरित रोग :
1. मस्सा
2. HIV-AIDS (एच०आई०वी०-एड्स)।
(ii) जीवाणु द्वारा होने वाले दो लैंगिक संचरित रोग :
1. गोनेरिया
2. सिफलिस।
निम्नलिखित तरीकों से लैंगिक संचरित रोगों की रोकथाम की जा सकती है :
1. कंडोम का प्रयोग करके;
2. रक्तदान करने वालों के रक्त की जांच करके;
3. लोगों को इन रोगों के प्रति शिक्षित करके तथा
4. टीके लगाने वाली सुई का केवल एक ही बार प्रयोग करके।

उत्तर 13-
प्रवाह आरेख-मानव नरे में एक विशिष्ट Y-गुणसूत्र तथा दूसरा X-गुणसूत्र होते हैं एवं मादा में दो X-गुणसूत्र होते हैं। मादा के सभी युग्मकों में समरूप गुणसूत्र होते हैं जबकि नर युग्मकों में आधे शुक्राणु X-गुणसूत्र एवं आधे Y-गुणसूत्र वहन करते हैं। जब X-गुणसूत्र वहन करने वाली शुक्राणु एक अंड के साथ निषेचित होता है। तब युग्मनज (XX-अवस्था) मादा में प्रवर्धित होता है और यदि Y-गुणसूत्र वहन करने वाला शुक्राणु अंड के साथ निषेचित होता है तो युग्मनज (XY-अवस्था) नर के रूप में प्रवर्धित होता है। अतः स्पष्ट है कि शिशु के लिंग के लिए पिता ही उत्तरदायी होता है जैसा कि दिए गए आरेख में दर्शाया गया है :

इस प्रवाह आरेख के आधार पर हमें कह सकते हैं कि ‘X’ गुणसूत्र वाला शुक्राणु अथवा ‘Y’ गुणसूत्र वाला शुक्राणु, मादा जनन कोशिका (अंडाणु) के साथ निषेचन करेगा। यह एक संयोग मात्र है।

उत्तर 14-
(i) पश्च दृश्य दर्पणों के लिए उत्तल दर्पण का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
दो कारण :
(a) यह वस्तु का सीधा प्रतिबिम्ब बनाता है।
(b) यह वस्तु को छोटा प्रतिबिम्ब बनाता है, इसलिए पीछे आने वाले वाहन साफ़ दिखाई देते हैं।
(ii) शेविंग के लिए अवतल दर्पण का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
दो कारण :
(a) पास लाने पर यह दर्पण वस्तु का सीधा व बड़ी प्रतिबिम्ब बनाता है।
(b) बड़े प्रतिबिम्ब बनने के कारण बाल साफ़ दिखाई देते हैं तथा शेव अधिक अच्छी बनती है।
अथवा
हल- बिम्ब की ऊँचाई, h₁ = 6 सेमी
अवतल लेंस की फोकस दूरी, f = -5 सेमी
बिम्ब की दूरी, u = -10 सेमी
प्रतिबिम्ब की स्थिति, v = ?
प्रतिबिम्ब का साइज़, h₂= ?
लेंस सूत्र के अनुसार,

प्रतिबिम्ब का साइज़, h₂ = 2 सेमी
प्रतिबिम्ब की प्रकृति : प्रतिबिम्ब सीधा बनेगा व बिम्बे से साइज में छोटा बनेगा।

उत्तर 15-
सूर्योदय अथवा सूर्यास्त के समय, सूर्य की किरणों को वायुमण्डल में अधिक दूरी तय करनी पड़ती है, जिसके कारण कम तरंगदैर्ध्य की नीले रंग की प्रकाश की किरणों का वायुमण्डल के कणों द्वारा प्रकीर्णन हो जाता है, जिससे लाल रंग की प्रकाश किरणें हमारी आँखों तक पहुँचती हैं और सूर्य का रंग (वर्ण) लाल दिखाई देता है। दोपहर के समय, सूर्य की प्रकाश किरणों को वायुमण्डल में कम दूरी तय करनी होती है, जिसके कारण नीले रंग की किरणों का पूरी तरह से प्रकीर्णन नहीं होता है, जिसके कारण सूर्य का वर्ण सफेद दिखाई देता है।

उत्तर 16-
(a) (i) A व B के बीच आयनिक आबंध है।
(ii) यौगिक का अणुसूत्र :

(c) साधारण नमक (NaCl) की तरल अवस्था में इसके आयन मुक्त अवस्था में हो जाते हैं। इसी कारण यह मुक्त आयन Na⁺ तथा Cl^–, विद्युत धारा का प्रवाह करते हैं।
(d) NaCl आयनिक यौगिक है, इसमें इसके Na⁺ तथा Cl^– आयन परस्पर अधिक वैद्युत आकर्षक बल द्वारा बंधे होते हैं, इस बल को तोड़ने के लिए अधिक मात्रा में ऊष्मीय ऊर्जा की आवश्यकता होती है। इसीलिए NaCl यौगिक का गलनांक उच्च होता है।

हल 17-
(a) ओम के नियम के अनुसार,
V = IR या R = \(\frac { V }{ I }\)

उत्तर 18-
(a) बायां निलय
(b) मुख्य धमनी
(c) निचले भाग की महाशिरा

उत्तर 19-
(a) लैंगिक तथा अलैंगिक जनने में विभेदन :

(b) लैंगिक जनन में, दो जनन कोशिकाओं को बनाने के लिए दो जीवों की कोशिकाओं में डी०एन०ए० प्रतिकृति बनाने की क्रिया होती है, जिसके कारण इस जनन से प्राप्त संतति में विभिन्नताएँ दिखाई देती हैं।
अथवा
(a) A- वर्तिकाग्र
B- पराग नली
C- मादा युग्मक
इनके कार्य :
वर्तिकाग्र : परागण क्रिया में नर परागकण सबसे पहले वर्तिकाग्र पर पहुँचते हैं।
पराग नली : यह नर युग्मक को निषेचन के लिए मादा युग्मक तक पहुँचाने का मार्ग है।
मादी युग्मक : यह नर युग्मक के साथ निषेचन क्रिया में मिलकर युग्मनज बनाती है। युग्मनज से तब शिशु पौधा विकसित होता है।
(b) (i) लैंगिक जनन में युग्मक, माता-पिता के गुणों को नई संतति में ले जाते हैं।
(ii) नर तथा मादा युग्मकों के निषेचन से युग्मनज बनता है। युग्मनज से ही फिर नई संतति उत्पन्न होती है।

उत्तर 20-

(a) प्रकाश के अपवर्तन के नियम :
(i) आपतित किरण, अपवर्तित किरण तथा दोनों माध्यमों को पृथक् करने वाले पृष्ठ के आपतन बिंदु पर अभिलम्ब एक ही तल में होते हैं।
(ii) प्रकाश के किसी निश्चित रंग तथा निश्चित माध्यमों के लिए आपतन कोण की ज्या (sine) तथा अपवर्तन कोण की ज्या (sine) का अनुपात स्थिर होता है। इस नियम को स्नेल का अपवर्तन का नियम भी कहते हैं।

उत्तर 21-
(a) Na परमाणु बड़ा है, क्योंकि आवर्त में बाएं से दाएं जाने पर परमाणु का आकार घटता जाता है।
(b) सबसे अधिक क्रियाशील धातु Na (सोडियम) है तथा सबसे अधिक क्रियाशील अधातु Cl है।
(c) Cl अधिक क्रियाशील अधातु है क्योंकि किसी आवर्त सारणी में बाएं से दाएं जाने पर अधातु की क्रियाशीलता बढ़ती जाती है।
(d) Cl का परमाणु द्रव्यमान अधिक है।

उत्तर 22-

• इस अभिक्रिया से बेरियम सल्फेट के सफेद अवक्षेप प्राप्त होते हैं।
• Na₂SO₄ (aq) + BaCl₂ (aq) — >BaSO₄ (s) + 2NaCl (aq)
• यह द्विविस्थापन अभिक्रिया है।

उत्तर 23-
(i) परिपथ में सभी बंध अच्छी तरह से बंधे हों।
(ii) जोड़ने वाली तारों के सिरों को खुरदरे पत्र से साफ कर लेना चाहिए।
(iii) कुंजी को तभी बंद करें जब V तथा A के मानों का पठन करना है।
(iv) एमीटर तथा वोल्टमीटर की शून्य गलतियों तथा उनके मानों की क्षमताओं को पहले से लिख लेना चाहिए।

उत्तर 24-
द्विबीजपत्री पौधों में पत्तियों की निचली बाहरी त्वचा पर स्टोमेटा छिद्र पाये जाते हैं। अतः झिल्ली को पत्ती की निचली बाहरी त्वचा से ही लिया जाता है। एकबीजपत्री पौधों में स्टोमेटा छिद्र दोनों तरफ की त्वचा पर पाये जाते हैं अतः उनमें झिल्ली किसी भी सतह से ली जा सकती है।

उत्तर 25-
आपतित किरण, जब प्रिज्म से गुज़रती है तो इसका दो बार अपवर्तन होता है। पहली बार प्रिज्म के भीतर जाने पर (विरले से सघन माध्यम की ओर अर्थात् वायु से काँच की ओर जाने पर) यह अभिलम्ब की तरफ मुड़ती है जिसके कारण यह प्रिज्म के आधार की तरफ मुड़ जाती है। दूसरी बार जब यह प्रिज्म से बाहर आती है (घने से विरले माध्यम की ओर अर्थात् काँच से वायु की ओर जाने पर) तो यह अभिलम्ब से दूर हटकर फिर प्रिज्म के आधार की तरफ मुड़ती है।

उत्तर 26-
विखण्डन जनन की दो विधियाँ :
(i) द्विखण्डन तथा
(ii) बहुखण्डन
उदाहरण :
(i) द्विखण्डन : अमीबा तथा पैरामिशियम
(ii) बहुखण्डन : मलेरिया परजीवी (प्लैज़मोडियम) तथा स्पाइरोगाइरा शैवाल।

उत्तर 27-
(i) दिये गये तरल की एक बूंद नीले लिटमस पत्र पर डालने पर यदि लिटमस पत्र लाल हो जाता है। तो यह तरल एक अम्ल है।
(ii) उस तरल को सूंघने पर यदि इसकी गंध सिरके जैसी है तो यह तरल एसिटिक अम्ल है।

We hope the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science in Hindi Medium Paper 1 help you. If you have any query regarding CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science in Hindi Medium Paper 1, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

 

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English Language and Literature Paper 6 are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English Language and Literature Paper 6.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English Language and Literature Paper 6

Board	CBSE
Class	10
Subject	English Language and Literature
Sample Paper Set	Paper 6
Category	CBSE Sample Papers

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 10 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme as prescribed by the CBSE is given here. Paper 6 of Solved CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English Language and Literature is given below with free PDF download Answers.

Time: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions

• The paper consists of 3 sections: A, B, C.
• Attempt all the questions.
• Don’t write anything on the question paper.
• Read each question carefully and follow the given instructions.
• All the answers must be correctly numbered and written in the answer sheet provided to you.
• Strictly adhere to the word limit given in the question paper. Marks will be deducted for exceeding the word limit.
• Ensure that questions of each section are answered together.

SECTION A
(Reading – 20 Marks)

Question 1.
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: (8)

1. Dolphins are highly intelligent marine mammals and are part of the family of toothed whales that include orcas and pilot whales. They are found worldwide, mostly in shallow seas of the continental shelves, and are carnivores, mostly eating fish and squid. Dolphin coloration varies, but they are generally grey in color with darker backs than the rest of their bodies. Dolphins consume a variety of prey including fish, squid, and crustaceans.

2. It is difficult to estimate the population of dolphins since there are many different species spanning larger geographic area. Like bats, dolphins use echolocation to navigate and hunt, bouncing high pitched sounds of objects, and listening to the echoes. Most species lie in shallow areas of tropical and temperature oceans throughout the world. Five species live in the world’s rivers.

3. Dolphins are well known for their agility and playful behavior, making them a favorite of wildlife watchers. Many species will leap out of the water, spy-hop (rise vertically out of the water to view their surrounding) and follow ships, often synchronizing their movements with one another. Scientists believe that dolphins conserve energy by swimming alongside ships, a practice is known as bow-riding.

4. Dolphins live in social groups of five to several hundred. They use echolocation to find prey and often hunt together by surrounding a school of fish, trapping them and taking turns swimming through the school and catching fish. Dolphins will also follow seabirds, other whales and fishing boats to feed opportunistically on the fish they scare up or discard. To prevent drowning while sleeping only half of the dolphin’s brain goes to sleep while the other half remains awake so they can continue to breathe.

5. Dolphins are sometimes hunted in places like Japan, in an activity known as dolphin drive hunting. Besides drive hunting, they face threats from bycatch, habitat loss, and marine pollution. Dolphins have been depicted in various cultures worldwide. Dolphins occasionally feature in literature and film, as in the film series Free Willy. Dolphins are sometimes kept in ’ captivity and trained to perform tricks, but breeding success has been poor and the animals often die within a few months of capture. The most common dolphins kept are killer whales and bottlenose dolphins.

1.1. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer any eight of the following questions in brief: (1 x 8 = 8)
(a) What do you mean by echolocation?
(b) Where are dolphins found?
(c) Why are dolphins favorite?
(d) Name two animals that use echolocation?
(e) How do dolphins hunt?
(f) What is drive hunting? What other threats do dolphins face?
(g) Name two types of dolphins given in the passage.
(h) How do dolphins conserve energy?
(i) Find the word in paragraph 5 which means the same as ‘represented’.

Question 2.
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: (12)
1. Breathing is important for two reasons. It is the only means to supply our bodies and its various organs with oxygen which is vital for our survival. The second function of breathing is that it is one means it get rid of waste products and toxins from the body.

2. Oxygen is the most vital nutrient for our bodies. It is essential for the integrity of the brain, nerves, glands and internal organs. We can do without food for weeks and without water for days, but without oxygen, we will die within a few minutes. If the brain does not get proper supply of this essential nutrient, it will result in the degradation of all vital organs in the body.

3. The brain requires more oxygen than any other organ. If it does not get enough, the result is mental sluggishness, negative thoughts, and depression and, eventually, vision and hearing decline. Old people and those whose arteries are clogged often become senile and vague because oxygen to the brain is reduced. They get irritated very quickly.

4. Poor oxygen supply affects all parts of the body. The oxygen supply is reduced to all parts of the body as we get older due to poor lifestyle. Many people need reading glasses and suffer the hearing decline in old age.

5. When an acute circulation blockage deprives the heart of oxygen, a heart attack is a result. If this occurs to the brain, the result is a stroke.

6. For a long time, the lack of oxygen has been considered a major cause of cancer. Even as far back as 1947, work done in Germany showed that when oxygen was withdrawn, normal body cells could turn into cancer cells.

7. Similar research has been done with the disease. It showed that lack of oxygen is a major cause of heart disease, stroke, and cancer. The work done at Baylor University in the USA has shown that you can reverse arterial disease in monkeys by infusing oxygen into the diseased arteries.

8. Thus, oxygen is very critical to our well-being, and any effort to increase the supply of oxygen to our body and especially the brain will pay rich dividends. Yogis realized the vital importance of an adequate oxygen supply thousands of year ago. They developed and perfected various breathing techniques. These breathing exercises are particularly important for people who have sedentary jobs and spend most of the day in offices. Their brains are oxygen starved and their bodies are just ‘getting by’. They feel tired, nervous and irritable and are not very productive. On top of that, they sleep badly at night, so they get a bad start to the next day continuing the cycle. This situation also lowers their immune system, making them susceptible to catching colds, flu and other ‘bugs’.

2.1. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer any four of the following questions in brief: (2 x 4 = 8)
(a) What is the significance of breathing?
(b) Why is oxygen important?
(c) What is the harmful effect of lack of oxygen?
(d) What yogis did, when they realized the importance of oxygen? For whom it is beneficial?
(e) What has been discovered at Baylor University in the USA?

2.2. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer any four of the following: (1 x 4 = 4)
(a) In paragraph 3, the word which means ‘lethargic’ is ………
(i) sluggish
(ii) boring
(iii) couch potato
(iv) grotesque

(b) ……….. is very important for our well-being.
(i) Air
(ii) Oxygen
(iii) Carbon
(iv) Iron

(c) We get oxygen through …………
(i) walking
(ii) cooking
(iii) breathing
(iv) reading

(d) In paragraph 7, ………. means inculcate.
(i) indulge
(ii) initiate
(in) execute
(iv) infuse

(e) Yogesh has developed the various breathing ……..
(i) Pipes
(ii) legs
(iii) techniques
(iv) power

SECTION B
(Writing & Grammar – 30 Marks)

Question 3.
Western Culture has completely mesmerized the younger generation. They do not respect their elders. Write an article on “Loss of Moral Values over Material Gains” in about 100-120 words. (8)
OR
You are Naveen/Meena, a resident of 34, Krishna Nagar, New Delhi. Last week, you came across an advertisement pertaining to Best Out of Waste Course and wish to join the same. Write a letter of inquiry to the Director, Pooja Hobby Classes, 412, Azad Nagar, Delhi enquiring about the details of the course.

Question 4.
Write a story in about 150-200 words with the clues given below. (10)
Hints: Pooja alone at home/grandfather ill/scaring night/different thought came in her mind/ heard a no i sc/surprised to see her pet dog.
OR
Develop a story with the help of the following opening line.
Once there lived a potter named Kabira in a village ……….

Question 5.
Fill in any four gaps by choosing the most appropriate words from the options given below. (1 x 4 = 4)
Dhyan Chand, the hockey wizard, was a soldier hailing (a) ………… a humble background. He said about (b) ………. moment when he learned of (c) ……….. selection for the New Zealand tour in 1926, ‘I ran like a hard to reach (d) ……… barracks and communicated the good news to my fellow soldiers. He was the elder brother (e) ………. another hockey player Roop Singh.
(a) (i) of (ii) from (iii) to (iv) at
(b) (i) their (ii) a (iii) the (iv) an
(c) (i) his (ii) him (iii) my (iv) it
(d) (i) him (ii) our (iii) I (iv) my
(e) (i) with (ii) of (iii) to (iv) between

Question 6.
The following passage has not been edited. There is one error in each line. Write the incorrect word and the correction against any four lines of the passage. (1 x 4 = 4)

Question 7.
Rearrange any four of the following groups of words and phrases to form meaningful sentences: (1 x 4 = 4)
(a) drugs / invented / one / man / of/useful / is / penicillin / most / the
(b) by / its / heal / we / help / bacteria / can / with / wounds / caused
(c) few / in / use / this / discovery / beginning / the wonder / and / very / people / of knew / its
(d) lives / soldiers / it / of / of / thousands / hundreds / saved / the / of
(e) body / the / Penicillins against / in / many / are / parts / useful / infections / of

SECTION C
(Literature : Textbook & Long Reading Text – 30 Marks)

Question 8.
Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow: (1 x 4 = 4)

“Peg!” she said, “Let me see your picture.”
“What’s is the matter?” asked Peggy, as they clattered up to her room where Wanda’s drawing was lying face down on the bed. Maddie carefully raised it.
“Look! she drew you. That’s you!” she exclaimed. And the head and face of this picture did look like Peggy.
“What did I say!” said Peggy, “She must have really liked us, anyway”.

(a) Who does ‘she’ refer to?
(b) Why did Maddie rush to Peggy’s house?
(c) Do you think Wanda hated Peggy and Maddie?
(d) How did the girls feel after they closely watched the painting?

OR

But he’s locked in a concrete cell
His strength behind bars,
Stalking the length of his cage
Ignoring visitors.

(a) What is the fate of the tiger?
(b) What is he doing inside the cage?
(c) What is the attitude of the tiger towards the visitors?
(d) What is the mood of the tiger?

Question 9.
Answer any four of the following questions in 30-40 words each: (2 x 4 = 8)
(a) Why did the pilot decide to fly through the clouds?
(b) What was Lencho expecting from God? What did he receive? Why?
(c) Why did the landlord want to eject Griffin? Why did Griffin set the house on fire?
(d) What did Hari Singh say about the different reactions of people when they are robbed?
(e) What is the point of controversy between Natalya and Lomov? What argument does Lomov put to prove his point?

Question 10.
Answer any one of the following questions in about 100-120 words: (8)

Parents of the young seagull supported him to fly and search for his food by himself. Write a paragraph on ‘Parenting’ on the basis of reading the story.
OR
There can be no trust among thieves. The story ‘A question of trust’ is ironical, sarcastic on the lives of thieves. On the basis of a reading of the story write a paragraph on “Trustworthiness”.

Question 11.
Answer any one of the following questions in about 200-250 words: (10)

What according to Anne was the remedy for fear, loneliness, and unhappiness?
OR
Give a brief character sketch of Otto Frank.
OR
Why did Helen dislike the concept of examinations?
OR
Give a brief character sketch of Helen Keller.

Answers

Answer 1.
(a) Echolocation is bouncing high pitched sounds of objects and listening to the echoes.
(b) Dolphins are found worldwide, mostly in shallow seas of the continental shelves.
(c) Dolphins are favorite because of their agility and playful behavior.
(d) Bats and Dolphins.
(e) Dolphins use echolocation to find prey and often hunt together by surrounding a school of fish, trapping them and taking turns swimming through. The school and catching fish.
(f) Dolphins are hunted in places like Japan, in an activity known as dolphin drive hunting. Besides drive hunting, they also face threats from bycatch, habitat loss, and marine pollution.
(g) Killer whales and bottlenose.
(h) Dolphins conserve energy by swimming alongside ships—a practice known as bow-riding.
(i) ‘Depicted’

Answer 2.
2.1. (a) Breathing is important as it is the only means to supply our bodies and its various organs with oxygen which is important for our survival and also it is the means to get rid of waste products and toxins from the body.
(b) Oxygen is important because it is essential for the integrity of the brain, nerves, glands and other internal organs.
(c) Poor oxygen supply affects all parts of our body. When an acute circulation blockage deprives the heart of oxygen, a heart attack is a result. If this occurs to the brain, the result is a stroke.
(d) Yogis developed and perfected various breathing techniques. These techniques are important for the people who have sedentary jobs and who spend most of the time in offices.
(e) The work done at Baylor University in the USA has shown that we can reverse arterial disease in monkeys by infusing oxygen into the diseased arteries.

2.2. (a) (i) sluggish
(b) (ii) Oxygen
(c) (iii) breathing
(d) (iv) infuse
(e) (iii) techniques

Answer 3.

Loss of Moral Values over Material Gains

Man’s incessant greed and lust for money have been the prime cause for the loss of moral values. Never content with what he has, he forever strives to amass money and material goods by any means. Nowadays people are primarily interested in the acquisition of money and status. The present-day world is highly materialistic and the ever increasing greed for money and matter at the cost of material has engulfed the society as a whole. There are very few who can claim that materialism has not affected him in any way. We are not complacent with the fulfillment of our basic needs but we want to acquire more and more by hook or by crook even if we have to jeopardize moral and ethical values. The mania of this excess money has squeezed humanistic approaches and has made us misanthropes, stoic, and egoistic in our efforts to fulfill this mania.

OR

34, Krishna Nagar
New Delhi
10th July, 20xx
The Director
Pooja Hobby Classes
412, Azad Nagar
Delhi

Sub: Inquiry about Best Out of Waste Course

Dear Sir,
In response to your advertisement published in the Hindustan Times dated 7th May, 20xx, I wish to state that I am a student of class X and have appeared for the Secondary School Examination. I want to pursue a short-term Best Out of Waste Course during the summer break as I have two month’s time at my disposal.
Kindly provide me with the following details:

• Duration of the course
• Faculty
• Transportation facility, if available
• Discount for school students, if any
• Fee structure and mode of payment
• Class duration
• Material provided
• Certificate or Diploma course
• Timings.

It shall be highly appreciated if the details are provided to me at the earliest.

Thanking you
Yours faithfully
Naveen

Answer 4.
It was the first time that Pooja was alone at home. Her parents would never leave her alone ever for a few hours. But one day there had been an emergency. Her grandfather had suddenly fallen ill and because of her school, Pooja’s mother had been very worried about Pooja as she had never left her alone. But Pooja assured her that she would be fine. Anyway, it was just for a day and night, as in the morning her aunt would reach home from Pune. Pooja spent the afternoon and evening playing on the computer and then finishing her homework. But with nightfall, all her coinage seemed to be disappearing. She first thought she would sleep with the light on but when she could not, she switched off. Pooja started getting frightened while tossing and turning on the bed. When she looked towards the window, her mind started conjuring up all sorts of shapes in the darkness. She told herself it was just a tree outside and nothing else but yet she was scared. Suddenly she heard a noise in the hall. Pooja was alarmed and thought of going and seeing from where the noise had come, but she could not get up from the bed. Finally, she got up and quickly switched on the light. She went into the hall and to her amusement and dismay, it was only her pet dog Jackie playing in the hall.

OR

Once there lived a potter named Kabira in a village. He was planning and making arrangements for his son’s wedding, for which he planned to have a grand procession on the night of the wedding.
He wished to take his son and the bride on an elephant’s back around the village in a procession. Only one man named Sohanlal in the village had an elephant. Kabira asked him for borrowing his elephant. Sohanlal agreed. On the day of the wedding, the bride and the bridegroom went riding on the elephant. After the procession, when Kabira was taking the elephant back to Sohanlal’s house, the elephant suddenly fell down and died. Kabira was shocked and very sad. He rushed to Sohanlal and reported about the same. Kabira said that he would give the price of the elephant or another elephant. Mohanlal said that he only wanted his own elephant. The case was taken to a court where the judge also ordered Sohanlal to either accept the money or another elephant but he didn’t agree. The judge asked them to come the next morning. Then he called Kabira and said, “Don’t come to the court in the morning and stay in your house, keep your pots near the door and close it. I will ask Sohanlal to come to your house to call you. He will open the door in a hurry and all the pots will be broken.” The same thing happened. Now, Sohanlal said, “I will give you money or I will buy you new pots. At this Kabira disagreed. Sohanlal realized his mistake and went away without getting anything.

Answer 5.
(a) (ii) from
(b) (iii) the
(c) (i) his
(d) (iv) my
(e) (ii) of

Answer 6.
Incorrect       Correction
(a) her               his
(b) at                in
(c) and             but
(d) on               in
(e) at                in

Answer 7.
(a) Penicillin is one of the most useful drugs man invented.
(b) We can heal wounds caused by bacteria with its help.
(c) In the beginning, very few people know of this wonderful discovery and its use.
(d) It saved the lives of hundreds of thousands of soldiers.
(e) Penicillins are useful against infections in many parts of the body.

Answer 8.
(a) ‘She’ refers to Maddie who came running to Peggy’s house.
(b) Maddie came rushing to Peggy’s house to tell her that Wanda had drawn them in the picture.
(c) No, Wanda did not hate Peggy and Maddie. She had drawn them in the sketches of the dress.
(d) They felt very excited and happy. They were very pleased with the fact that Wanda did not have anything against them.
OR
(a) The fate of the tiger is that he is locked inside the concrete cell.
(b) He is pacing up and down inside the cage.
(c) The tiger ignores the visitors.
(d) The tiger is very sad.

Answer 9.
(a) The pilot decided to fly through the clouds because he wanted to reach England desperately and also he could not fly up and over the huge clouds in his old Dakota.
(b) Lencho expected God to send him the hundred pesos he asked for. However, he received only seventy pesos which had been collected by the Postmaster through a contribution made by the post office employees.
(c) Though Griffin was a brilliant scientist, the landlord wanted to eject him from his house because of his whimsical activities. Griffin set the house on fire to take his revenge on the landlord.
(d) Hari Singh said that when robbed, the greedy man showed fear; the rich showed anger; the poor showed acceptance while a careless man would not even notice. But a man like Anil would be sad when discovered that he was stolen; not because of his loss of money but because of loss of trust.
(e) The point of controversy between Natalya and Lomov is about the ownership of the Oxen Meadows. Lomov argues that his aunt’s grandmother had given the free use of the Meadows to the peasants of Natalya’s father’s grandfather for forty years. In return, the peasants were to make bricks for her. But the peasants thought that they were owners of the land.

Answer 10.

Parenting

Parents should love their children unconditionally. A parent is someone who cuddles their children when they are going right in their lives because parents everywhere can say that if we as parents trust ourselves enough to trust our children, it will make parenthood easier. Parents know what their child’s requirements are and they train them to become independent in life. There is no need to teach anyone how to be a good parent. Even an illiterate mother knows how to take care of her children. But in today’s competitive world, raising a child is a very important task because it’s not always easy, it’s even harder if we do not have the consistent help if we are a single parent. Every good parent does not read parenting books, goes to parenting classes or had examples to learn more. In today’s world, it is better if the young adults are trained how to become better parents. This can help them to bring up their children by providing them with better nutrient food and care.

OR

Trustworthiness

Trust is one of the most important aspects of the relationship. Medicine cures the physical ailment of a person but trust and care help a person recover mentally. A trustworthy person will be dependable and honest with you. They will not lie, steal, cheat, lose devotion in something or turn their back on you over trivial matters. Integrity, honesty, reliability, and loyalty are easy ways to describe trustworthiness. Integrity is believing in yourself and standing up for what you believe in. Life will be difficult if there is no trust between husband and wife, parents and children, friends and neighbors, etc. When trust is lost it is irreparable. If trust is lost life may go on but the broken edge will always be visible. A trustworthy person is a valuable and reliable person.

Answer 11.
According to Anne the best remedy for those who are afraid, lonely or unhappy is to go outside, somewhere where they can be quite alone with nature heavens and God. It is all this time only that one feels that all is as it should be and that God wishes to see people happy, amides nature’s simple beauty. As long as the sun shines, the cloudless skies exist, one cannot be unhappy. There will always be comfort and solace for every sorrow, whatever circumstances may be as one looks out of an open window, overall the roofs and on to the horizon. Anne firmly believes that nature brings solace in all troubles. She also feels that it would be long before she will be able to share this overwhelming feeling of blessing with someone who feels the way she does about it. Anne prefers to think about the beauty that exists in the world. Anne’s advice is to go outside, to the fields, enjoy nature and the sunshine, go out and try to recapture happiness in one’s self and in God. And to think of all the beauty that is still left in and around yourself and be happy. Anne’s diary is an amazing proof of a sensitive courageous girl. Her true spirit always appeared in every crisis. At every step, she pulled herself up and never gave up her goals, her ambition to live and be known as water.
OR
Otto Frank, Anne’s father, is the manager of a food company. He shares a close bond with Anne. His birthday present to Anne, the diary, is her favorite. Otto Frank is a caring, resourceful and wise man. When the Van Daan family arrives to stay in the Secret Annexe with them, Otto Frank serves as the peacemaker of the group. “Pouring oil on troubled water.” He keeps Anne, Margot and Peter engaged in studying, reading and making family trees. He is generous kind and level-headed unlike the other adults in the Secret Annexe who are harsh and stingy. Anne continually tries to impress her father, live up to his expectations and obey his wishes. Otto Frank has a strong character and is clearly the head of the Frank household. When Amsterdam began to be bombed, Anne always rushed to her father for comfort. He wrote a beautiful poem for her on her 14th birthday. Anne adored her father. In all, Anne’s father was perfect in her eyes, modest, loving, a peacemaker who wanted the best for his daughters. He also brought books on Greek and French for her and gave her lessons.
OR
Helen refers to examinations as the most annoying of her college life. Although she faced them many times and even cast them down yet they surfaced time and again. Helen feels that the days before these ordeals take place are spent in cramming one’s mind with mystic formulae and indigestible dates until one wishes that books and science were buried in the depths of the sea. And finally when the dreaded hour arrives the facts that one has garnered with so much of infinite trouble invariably fail one at the things one knows which are not there in an examination paper. When the proctor informs one that the time is up, it is with a feeling of intense disgust the one scribbles some rubbish in the paper and finally goes home. Helen had a tough time in overcoming these problems. Mr. Keeth had worked very hard and trained Helen to solve most of the problems mentally but the mode of examination upset all that. Nevertheless, Helen’s positive and die-hard approach made her win all the situations and rise above all the obstacles. Examinations killed the creativity and beauty of great books and one only tried to remember basic facts for exams so the appreciation of great work literature is lost.
OR
Helen Keller is the main character of the novel ‘The Story of My Life’. Despite being blind and deaf she shows hardly any dislike for her state. She is a sensitive girl who is extremely close to her family, especially her mother. She is always relating what she does with them all the things that they do for her. Helen Keller’s remarkable trait is that she is always trying to improve herself and likes to find new ways to express herself and communicate with others. Helen is a determined and strong girl who through her life demonstrates that obstacles, whether they are physical or social can be overcome. She is a heroic figure who overcomes extreme hardships to accomplish the most impressive goals. Helen has become a role model for many generations to come. She has become an icon of perseverance respected alike by readers, historians, and activists. Helen is regarded as a heroic figure who underwent extreme hardship to accomplish goals, both personal and public. Her book “The Story of My Life” became a symbol of hope and positively for generations.

We hope the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English Language and Literature Paper 6 help you. If you have any query regarding CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English Language and Literature Paper 6, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English Language and Literature Paper 5 are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English Language and Literature Paper 5.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English Language and Literature Paper 5

Board	CBSE
Class	10
Subject	English Language and Literature
Sample Paper Set	Paper 5
Category	CBSE Sample Papers

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 10 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme, as prescribed by the CBSE, is given here. Paper 5 of Solved CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English Language and Literature is given below with free PDF download Answers.

Time: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions

• The paper consists of 3 sections: A, B, C.
• Attempt all the questions.
• Don’t write anything on the question paper.
• Read each question carefully andfollow the given instructions.
• All the answers must be correctly numbered and written in the answer sheet provided to you.
• Strictly adhere to the word limit given in the question paper. Marks will be deducted for exceeding the word limit.
• Ensurethat questions of each section are answered together.

SECTION A
(Reading – 20 Marks)

Question 1.
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: (8)

1. So often these days we hear and speak of the conquest of Nature, ‘the taming of a river,’ ‘the war against insects,’ and so on. These phrases are often used without consciously attaching any value of them, but they have an underlying attitude of hostility towards Nature and Nature’s creatures, a viewpoint which seems to assume Nature as an enemy that needs to be vanquished. Alternatively, Nature is seen merely as a ‘resource’ to be ‘exploited’ – take the maximum out of it, regardless of what this does to the natural processes and to other creatures which depend on these processes. It is this attitude which views fellow human beings as a resource to be exploited, or other human communities as enemies to be conquered.

2. There is a growing lack of sensitivity and respect of our fellow creatures. This attitude is being drilled into a child by social forces, which can only be countered by environmental education. Yet, sadly, in most cases, this is not done. What is done is to talk about the food web and the energy cycles and ecological balance and how the removal of any elements disrupts the whole system, and how this can affect human beings too. What this approach lacks is the essential interaction with Nature and with other human beings. Indeed, in many environmental activities, the opposite takes place. A classic example of this is the making of a herbarium, or even worse, an insect collection, as common in both formal and non-formal education in India. A child is often encouraged to pluck leaves and flowers and run after butterflies with a net and is part of a large group of children similarly marauding a patch of nature. It is even worse when the activity is also competitive, that is, who collects the maximum. A lot of knowledge may be gained, but this knowledge emphasizes exploitation and conquest, not sensitivity and respect. Learning under a tree rather than in a classroom is far more effective and long lasting.

3. The alternative is to take up activities where ecological balance, ecological diversity, animal behavior, human plurality, and other such concepts and systems are introduced with the stress on their intrinsic worth. Materials, processes and living beings do not exist only for human use-they are worthwhile in themselves.

1.1. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer any eight of the following questions in brief: (1 x 8 = 8)
(a) What does man’s attitude towards nature show?
(b) What is nature regarded as?
(c) How can environmental education be helpful?
(d) Which of these-leaming under a tree or in a classroom is more effective?
(e) What is man required to realize?
(f) Which type of knowledge emphasizes exploitation and conquest?
(g) What does ecological balance mean?
(h) How does a hostile attitude treat nature?
(i) Find the word in paragraph 2 which means the same as ‘communication’.

Question 2.
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: (12)

1. Do children really need such long summer breaks, was a question posed by some experts recently? Apparently, such a long break disrupts their development and comes in the way of their learning process. Let’s get the takes back to their books, is perhaps the expert view, if not in so many words. One would have thought the children are doing too much during their vacations and not too little, given the plethora, of course, classes, camps and a workshop involving swimming, art, personality development, music, computers and the like that seem to cram their calendar. Even the trips taken in the name of holidays seem laden with exotic destinations and customized experience packed into a short period of time. We can do Europe in 10 days and Australia in a week and come back armed with digital memories and overflowing suitcase. Holidays are in some ways, no longer a break but an intensified search for experience not normally encountered in everyday life.

2. It is a far cry from summer holidays on experienced growing up. For holidays every year meant one thing and one thing alone- you went back to your native place, logging in with emotional headquarters of your extended family and spent two months with a gaggle of uncles, aunts and first and second cousins. The happiest memories of the childhood of a whole generation seem to be centered around this annual ritual of homecoming and of affirmation. We tendered tacit apologies for the separateness entailed in being individuals even as we scurried back into the cauldron of community and continuity represented by family. Summer vacation was a time sticky with oneness, as who we were and what we owned oozed out from our individual selves into a collective pot.

3. Summer was not really a break, but a joint. It was the bridge used to re-affirm one’s connectedness with one’s larger community. One did not travel, one returned. It was not an attempt to experience the new and the extraordinary but one that emphatically underlined the power of the old and the ordinary. As times change, what we seek from our summer breaks too has changed in fundamental ways. Today we are attached much more to the work and summer helps us temporarily detach from this new source of identity. We refuel our individual selves now, and do so with much more material than we did in the past. But for those who grew up in different times, summer was the best time for their lives. (Source: The Times of India)

2.1. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer any four of the following questions in brief: (2 x 4 = 8)
(a) Why do experts question about the summer breaks given to children?
(b) How are students kept busy during summer breaks?
(c) What is the central point of the writers happiest memories of childhood?
(d) What goal do the present summer breaks want to achieve?
(e) How was summer a joint?

2.2. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer any four of the following: (1 x 4 = 4)
(a) In paragraph 1, …………. means ‘excessive’.
(i) plethora
(ii) plenty
(iii) varied
(iv) bizarre

(b) Holidays are actually ………… search for experience.
(i) expended
(ii) long
(iii) short
(iv) intensified

(c) ………… was sticky with oneness.
(i) Winter
(ii) Summer
(iii) Rainy
(iv) Spring

(d) These days evervbody is attached to ………..
(i) work
(ii) name
(iii) fame
(iv) songs

(e) In paragraph 3, the antonym of permanently is …………
(i) good
(ii) excellent
(iii) temporarily
(iv) identify

SECTION B
(Writing & Grammar – 30 Marks)

Question 3.
Language is an important aspect of life. To express or communicate with each other we must know the language. Nowadays, English has become a global language. Write an article on the “Importance of English Language” in about 100-120 words.
OR
Your music academy is planning to organise musical shows next month on the occasion of Janmashtmi. You are Mitanshi/Pranay, the band leader of Sargam Music Academy, 55, Dwarka, Ahmedabad. You require some musical instruments for the smooth running of the events. Write a letter to the Store Manager, M/s. Sangeet Instruments, Daya Nagar, Ahmedabad placing an order for the specific instruments required by you.

Question 4.
Write a story in about 150-200 words on the basis of the startup lines given below. (10)
Once upon a time, there was a crocodile and he was a friend of the monkey who lived on the tree ……
OR
Develop a story with the help of opening line.
Once upon a time, there lived a king. Jai Singh …….

Question 5.
Fill in any four gaps by choosing the most appropriate words from the options given below. (1 x 4 = 4)
The king of Benares was anxious to marry. Many kings came (a) ………… different comers of the country (b) ……….. offer him their daughters. But he did not choose any of them. He sat (c) …………. the window and looked out (d) ………… the marketplaces. The bazaar (e) ………… busy and colourful.
(a) (i) to (ii) from (iii) where (iv) of
(b) (i) from (ii) to (iii) one (iv) by
(c) (i) by (ii) of (iii) to (iv) on
(d) (i) on (ii) of (iii) for (iv) to
(e) (i) was (ii) were (iii) is (iv) has

Question 6.
The following passage has not been edited. There is one error in each line. Write the incorrect word and the correction against any four lines of the passage.

Question 7.
Rearrange any four of the following groups of words and phrases to form meaningful sentences: (1 x 4 = 4)
(a) the temple / architecture / form an / sculpture and painting / of / essential part
(b) is / situated in / Konark Temple / north-eastem part of Puri / the
(c) of a chariot / the temple / in the form / is
(d) Narasimhadeva / the / king / by / is / that / it / was / believed / temple / built
(e) Konark / Arka / is / also / Khetra / known / as

SECTION C
(Literature : Textbook & Long Reading Text – 30 Marks)

Question 8.
Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow: (1 x 4 = 4)

Some say the world will end in fire
Some say in ice
From what I’ve tasted of desire
I hold with those who favour fire

(a) Name the poem and the poet.
(b) Which are the two different views about the inevitable ‘end’ of the world?
(c) What does ‘Fire’ stand for?
(d) What according to the poet will end the world?
OR
How much hay have you stacked? Just think, I felt greedy and had a whole field cut and now I’m not at all pleased about it because I’m afraid my hay may rot. I ought to have waited a bit.
But what’s this? Why, you’re in evening dress! well, I never! Are you going to a ball or what?
Though I must say you look better….. tell me why you are got up like that.
(a) Who is the speaker?
(b) For whom are these words spoken?
(c) What did the speaker do?
(d) Why was the speaker afraid?

Question 9.
Answer any four of the following questions in 30-40 words each: (2 x 4 = 8)
(a) What did Lencho compare the raindrops to? Why?
(b) The pilot was lost in the storm. Who rescued him and how?
(c) Why did Anil not hand over the thief to the police?
(d) Why did Max Jump out of the window of Ausable’s room? Why did he scream loudly?
(e) What is the next thought of the poet about the tiger?

Question 10.
Answer any one of the following questions in about 100-120 words: (8)

In ‘The Ball Poem’, the boy loses his ball, however, one can get new but you can’t bring back the emotions attached to it. Explain.
OR
Tricki became the very active and hard muscled animal. This was because of the regular exercise he got. Write a paragraph on physical exercise and its advantages.

Question 11.
Answer any one of the following questions in about 200-250 words: (10)

Write a character sketch of Peter.
OR
How does the diary depict the feelings of an adolescent and mirror the thoughts of today’s youth?
OR
How did Mr. and Mrs. Hutton prove to be Helen Keller’s tmsted friends?
OR
What was Dr. Graham Bell’s contribution in Helen Keller’s life? How did he prove to be a lifelong friend to Helen?

Answers

Answer 1.
(a) Man’s attitude towards nature shows his concern.
(b) Nature is regarded as a resource to be exploited by man.
(c) Environmental education can change the attitude of our children towards nature.
(d) Learning under a tree is more effective.
(e) Man is required to realise that he has not been sent into the ward to tame nature.
(f) Competitive attitude while learning emphasises exploitation and conquest.
(g) Ecological balance means maintaining an equilibrium in nature.
(h) Hostile attitude treats nature as an enemy which needs to be vanquished.
(i) Interaction.

Answer 2.
2.1. (a) Because they disrupt their development and come in the way of their learning process.
(b) They are given the plethora of courses, classes or camps and workshops. These works involve swimming, art, personality development, music and computers.
(c) The writers happiest memories mainly hings on annual ritual of homecoming and of affirmation.
(d) The present summer breaks want to detach students from a new source of identity
(e) It was an attempt to underline the power of the old and ordinary.

2.2. (a) (i) plethora
(b) (iv) intensified
(c) (ii) Summer
(d) (i) work
(e) (iii) temporarily.

Answer 3.

Importance of English Language

Today the English language is widely spoken in all parts of the world. English has actually become a global language. In India, English is serving as a bridge language and bringing people closer. Everywhere the institutes or schools, that are teaching the English language, are attracting a big crowd. There are courses for various age groups and with different suitable time slots.
People of all age groups are busy in learning English for their placement in business and other kinds of work in life. Actually, there is a kind of rat race. People are spending a lot of money to acquire proficiency in spoken English. People rate English speaking people as comparatively more educated and civilised. Actually, language is our primary source of communication. It is the method through which we share our ideas and thoughts with others.
OR

Sargam Music Academy
55, Dwarka
Ahmedabad
12th August, 20xx
The Store Manager
M/s. Sangeet Instruments
Daya Nagar
Ahmedabad

Sub: Order for musical instruments

Sir,
Our music academy is going to organise musical shows on the occasion of Janmashtami next month. You are one of the biggest wholesale suppliers of handmade musical instruments in Ahmedabad and offer the most competitive prices and prompt services. I wish to place an order for some musical instruments for the smooth running of the events. The order is as follows-

Sl. No.	Instruments	Brand	Quantity
1.	Sitar	Roland	4
2.	Harmonium	Tanglewood	8
3.	Flute	Ibanez	3
4.	Congo	Novation	4
5.	Bongo	Yamaha	6
6.	Tabla	Squire	7

All the instruments should be bubble-wrapped properly. We expect 15% discount as admissible to all music academics. In case of any damage in transit, it would be at your cost. Payment would be made by cheque once the order is received. It will be highly appreciated if you deliver the items within a week or two.

Thanking you
Yours faithfully
Mitanshi.

Answer 4.
Once upon a time, there was a crocodile and he was a friend of a monkey who lived on the tree near the river. They used to spend their free time in gossips. The crocodile used to tell him about the water animals. Most of the time he talked about his family. The monkey was also very talkative. Whenever crocodile visited the monkey he used to bring some gifts for him and the monkey also used to give him sweet fresh fruits from the tree on which he lived. They were very happy. One day it was stormy weather. Both of them were busy in their gossips. They did not know that such weather can be dangerous. The branch on which the monkey was sitting was very weak. He did not realise the danger. All of a sudden the branch broke down and the monkey fell into the river. He did not know how to swim. He was about to drown when the crocodile noticed the danger. The crocodile at once ran towards him and took him on his back to the shore and monkey returned home to his tree safely.
OR
Once upon a time, there lived a king called Jai Singh who was famous for his wisdom and generosity. He was also known for justice. One day two women, Janki and Seema, came to the palace as they had heard about Jai Singh’s wisdom. Both were arguing about a child that Seema was carrying. Janki claimed that it was her child whereas Seema claimed that it was hers. King Jai Singh kept on watching for a while. Jai Singh ordered them to stop arguing and keep quiet. Jai Singh thought for a few minutes and observed both the women. After some time the king ordered the minister to get that child cut into two pieces and then each woman will have one piece. On listening to this, Janki started crying. Tearful Janki refused for such decision, instead, she requested the king to hand over the child to Seema. Jai Singh ordered that the child should be given to Janki as a true mother would never let her child be killed.

Answer 5.
(a) (ii) from
(b) (ii) to
(c) (i) by
(d) (i) on
(e) (i) was

Answer 6.
Incorrect       Correct
(a) a                 the
(b) his              its
(c) is                are
(d) in                of
(e) in                of

Answer 7.
(a) Sculpture and painting form an integral part of the temple architecture.
(b) Konark Temple is situated in the northeastern part of Puri.
(c) The temple is in the form of a chariot.
(d) It is believed that the temple was built by king Narasimhadeva.
(e) Konark is also known as Arka Khetra.

Answer 8.
(a) The above extract is the part of the poem ‘Fire and Ice’ written by Robert Frost.
(b) Fire and ice are two different views.
(c) ‘Fire’ stands for ‘desire’.
(d) According to the poet, the man’s greed or lust for possession will end the world.
OR
(a) The speaker is Natalya Stepanovna.
(b) These words are spoken for Ivan Lomov.
(c) The speaker had a whole field of meadows cut.
(d) The speaker was afraid lest her hay should rot.

Answer 9.
(a) Lencho compared the raindrops to new coins. He called the big drops ‘ten cent pieces’ and the smaller ones as ‘five cent pieces’. His field needed rain badly. The raindrops increased his hopes of a good harvest. That is why, he called them so.
(b) The pilot of the black aeroplane, asked the lost pilot to follow him. The black aeroplane was flying in front of him, cutting the clouds and showing him the way. Then he flew down and disappeared. Following him, the pilot came out of the clouds.
(c) Anil knew everything but he did not hand over the thief to the police because he knew that Hari Singh had returned to him to become a better human being. He wanted to give him another chance to improve. Moreover, he thought Hari’s return was the proof of his improvement.
(d) Max was frightened of police. Besides he was convinced about the balcony outside the window. So to escape from the person, he jumped out of the window as there was no balcony there, he fell down suddenly to the ground. That’s why he screamed loudly.
(e) The next thought of the poet is that the tiger should be in the open forest because the forest is his natural habitat. There he would lurk in the shadow to hunt a deer.

Answer 10.
Loss is an essential part of our life. We lose our very precious possessions – especially those precious gifts we received from our old friends or some of the valuable birthday gifts given by our parents. Some of these possessions may not be very expensive but a lot of memories are attached to them. A loss of a single paisa pierces us very much. Money is earned only after hard labour. We must understand its worth. It is no use to waste money over nothing. The poet desires that the boy should understand the nature of the loss. Hence when we lose any of those possessions we become very sad. One important lession we all need to learn is the fact that nothing is permanent in life. All things are subjected to loss, damage and decay. Hence we need to know how to cope with our losses. What is more important than all possessions is the fact that our life has to go on. This understanding will help us to cope with our loss in a better way.
OR
Physical exercise has become important these days. It has a great medicinal value in our life. It keeps our body fit and free from various ailments. Exercise can help prevent excess weight. It also helps in losing weight. When we go for physical exercise we bum calories. We can go for a regular walk that would bum the calories to a great extent. We can do exercise in the form of doing all our household chores, by using the stairs instead of the elevator and walking short distances. Regular physical activity can help us prevent or manage a wide range of health problem. Physical exercise has a lot of advantages. It also builds our stamina and our muscles become strong. We do not need to set aside large chunks of time for exercise.

Answer 11.
Peter Van Daan was almost sixteen when he arrived in the Annexe. He is shy and awkward and unable to express himself. He cannot assert himself. Whenever he is snubbed, he hides himself in his room. He does nothing to improve his nature because he finds it easier not to make any effort. He gets easily influenced by others. Peter is lazy and has a weak character. He is hardly a person worth Anne’s notice. Anne needs a friend and when she finds him looking at her with longing, she starts having a soft comer for him. She finds him desperately in need of affection. Peter is simple minded. He talks about sexuality so nonchalantly that she quickly gets over her embarrassment. He thinks that he is stupid and all others very smart. Peter is a weak character and does not develop much in the two years he spent in the Annexe.
OR
The diary shows the gradual growth of Anne during her two years spent in the Annexe. From a teenaged girl who is curious about the changes taking place in her anatomy to an accepting young woman who is well aware of her duties and responsibility, the diary shows it all. Anne uses her diary to pour out her thoughts and feelings, her teenage physical longings for a companion and her ambitions in life. She justified her relationship with Peter and stands up to her father but in a matured manner by writing her feelings in a letter. She is dismayed over her father’s remark “Every child has to raise itself’. She feels that parents should only advise their children or point them in the right direction as ultimately children have to shape their own character. She says it was twice as hard for the young to hold on their opinions because ideas and virtues are being shattered everywhere.
Anne feels very strongly about the freedom of women and that women should get their due respect. When she looks at the sky, she is filled with hope.
OR
Helen describes the significance of the Hutton couple in her autobiography in glowing terms. The two years that Helen spent in New York were very important because she got the chance of meeting many famous people whose names she had often heard but never met. Helen was delighted to visit the lovely residence of Mr. and Mrs. Hutton, see their library, and read the beautiful sentiments, their gifted friends had written for them. Mr. Hutton was the kindest man and the most generous person, a good friend in all weathers.
Mrs. Hutton has often advised and helped Helen in her progress through college. When Helen felt discouraged, Mrs. Hutton wrote letters to her to inspire and encourage Helen. Helen always remembered her words “One painful duty fulfilled makes the next plainer and easier”. Mr. Hutton also introduced Helen to the famous writers like Mark Twain, Mr. William Dean Howells and Mr. Charles Dudley. Helen was greatly impressed by meeting such celebrities though she could not keep pace with their literary brilliance and style.
OR
When Helen was young, it had been Dr. Graham Bell’s recommendation to Helen’s parents to meet Mr. Anagnos which finally resulted in the arrival of Anne Sullivan in Helen’s life. Dr. Bell had been most sympathetic right from the beginning. Helen also visited the world fair with him and he introduced her to autophones and other inventions that made communications in the world easier. He went everywhere with Helen and described each object in the electrical world with great interest. These experiences matured Helen and she felt that she had taken a great leap from the world of the fairy tales to the real practical world. Dr. Bell had remained a sustaining influence in her life. Helen had spent many beautiful days at his home in Cape of Breton Island. Helen spent many delightful hours in his laboratory, listening to his experiments. She also helped him in flying kites to discover the laws that will govern future air-ships. Dr. Bell was the most proficient and he had a special manner of making everything look interesting. He was also poetic and humorous. He was most happy with the deaf children and his contribution in making life easy for the deprived peoples will be remembered for a long time by the world.

We hope the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English Language and Literature Paper 5 help you. If you have any query regarding CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 English Language and Literature Paper 5, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science in Hindi Medium Paper 4 is part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science in Hindi Medium . Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science in Hindi Medium Paper 4

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science in Hindi Medium Paper 4

Board	CBSE
Class	X
Subject	Science
Sample Paper Set	Paper 4
Category	CBSE Sample Papers

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 10 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme as prescribed by the CBSE is given here. Paper 4 of Solved CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science in Hindi Medium is given below with free PDF download solutions.

समय : 3 घण्टे
पूर्णांक : 80

सामान्य निर्देश :

• इस प्रश्न पत्र के दो भाग, A व B हैं। आप को दोनों भाग करने हैं।
• सभी प्रश्न अनिवार्य हैं।
• भाग A के सभी प्रश्न एक साथ करने हैं तथा भाग B के सभी प्रश्न एक साथ करने हैं।
• भाग A के प्रश्न सं० 1 व 2 एक अंक के हैं। इनका उत्तर एक शब्द अथवा एक वाक्य में लिखना है।
• प्रश्न सं० 3 से 5 तक दो अंक के हैं। इनका उत्तर 30 शब्दों में (प्रत्येक प्रश्न के लिए) लिखिए।
• प्रश्न सं० 6 से 15 तक तीन अंक के हैं। इनमें से प्रत्येक प्रश्न का उत्तर 50 शब्दों में लिखिए।
• प्रश्न सं० 16 से 21 तक पाँच अंक के हैं। इनमें से प्रत्येक प्रश्न का उत्तर 70 शब्दों में लिखिए।
• भाग B के प्रश्न सं० 22 से 27 तक प्रयोगात्मक कौशल पर आधारित हैं। प्रत्येक प्रश्न दो अंक का है।

SECTION A

प्र०1.
किसी विद्युत उपकरण की विद्युत शक्ति (W), उसमें से प्रवाहित होने वाली विद्युत धारा (amp) तथा विभवांतर (Volt) में संबंध स्थापित कीजिए।

प्र०2.
जीन क्या है?

प्र०3.
मानवों के शुक्राणुओं और अण्डों के बीच प्रमुख अंतर क्या है? इस अंतरे का महत्त्वं लिखिए।

प्र०4.
निम्नलिखित का उत्तर कारण सहित लिखिए :
(a) सोडियम धातु को मिट्टी के तेल में क्यों रखा जाता है?
(b) जब नीले रंग के कॉपर सल्फेट के विलयन में जब कुछ मात्रा में एल्युमिनियम पाउडर डालते हैं। तो वह रंगहीन क्यों हो जाता है?

प्र०5.
घरेलू विद्युत परिपथों में विद्युत उपकरणों को समान्तर क्रम में क्यों लगाया जाता है? कोई दो कारण लिखिए।

प्र०6.
एक बर्तन में ठोस केल्शियम ऑक्साइड लेकर उसमें धीरे से जल डाला गया तो
(i) इस प्रयोग के दो प्रेक्षण लिखिए।
(ii) इस अभिक्रिया का संतुलित रासायनिक समीकरण लिखिए।
अथवा
निम्नलिखित अभिक्रियाओं के लिए संतुलित समीकरण लिखिए :
(a) तनु H₂SO₄ अम्ल की एल्युमिनियम पाउडर से अभिक्रिया।
(b) सोडियम कार्बोनेट की तनु HCl अम्ल के साथ अभिक्रिया।
(c) चूने के पानी में से CO₂ गैस को गुज़ारना।

प्र०7.
किसी वृत्ताकार चालक कुण्डली में विद्युत प्रवाहित होने पर उसके चुबंकीय क्षेत्र के किसी बिंदु पर चुबंकीय प्रबलता का क्या प्रभाव होगा जब :
(i) उसमें प्रवाहित होने वाली विद्युत धारा की मात्रा बढ़ा दी जाए।
(ii) यदि कुण्डली से उस बिंदु की दूरी बढ़ा दी जाए।
(iii) यदि कुण्डली में चालक तार के लपेटे बढ़ा दिए जाएं।

प्र०8.
एक विद्युत बल्ब तथा एक चालक जिसका प्रतिरोध 4 ओम है, एक 6 वोल्ट की बैटरी के साथ श्रेणी क्रम में जुड़े हैं। यदि बल्ब में से 0.25A की विद्युत धारा प्रवाहित हो रही है तो उस बल्ब का प्रतिरोध ज्ञात कीजिए।

प्र०9.
निम्नलिखित की परिभाषा लिखिए।
(a) प्रतिवर्ती क्रिया
(b) अंतग्रंथन (सिनेप्स)
(c) प्रकाशानुवर्तन

प्र०10.
गांव में रामू की खेती की जमीन है। वह उस पर एक ईंटों का भट्ट्ठा लगाना चाहता है। उसका दोस्त श्याम उसे कहता है कि वह भट्ठा लगाने का अपना इरादा बदल दे क्योंकि भट्ठा लगाने से उसकी चिमनी से निकले धुएं से गांववालों के स्वास्थ्य पर बुरा प्रभाव पड़ेगा तथा इसका प्रभाव बाकी लोगों के खेतों से उत्पादित होने वाली फसलों पर भी पड़ेगा। रामू उसकी सलाह मान लेता है तथा अपना इरादा बदल लेता है।
(a) श्याम किस प्रकार की सोच रखता है?
(b) व्याख्या करें कि श्याम की इस सोच ने किस प्रकार गांववालों को नुकसान होने से बचाया।

प्र०11.
कार्बन यौगिकों की समजातीय श्रेणियाँ क्या हैं? ऐल्डिहाइडों की समजातीय श्रेणी के दो क्रमागत सदस्यों के आणिवक-सूत्र लिखिए। उल्लेख कीजिए कि इन यौगिकों का कौन-सा भाग इनके
(i) भौतिक और
(ii) रासायनिक गुणधर्मों का निर्धारण करता है।

प्र०12.
निम्नलिखित सारणी का अध्ययन कीजिए जिसमें छह तत्वों A, B, C, D, E और F की स्थितियाँ उनकी आधुनिक आवर्त सारणी में स्थितियों के अनुसार दर्शायी गई हैं

उपर्युक्त सारणी के आधार पर निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए :
(i) उस तत्व का नाम लिखिए जो केवल सहसंयोजी यौगिक बनाता है।
(ii) उस तत्व का नाम लिखिए जिसकी संयोजकता तीन है और वह धातु है।
(iii) उस तत्व का नाम लिखिए जिसकी संयोजकता तीन है और वह अधातु है।
(iv) D और E में से किस तत्व का आकार बड़ा है और क्यों?
(v) तत्व C और F जिस परिवार के सदस्य हैं उनका सामान्य नाम क्या है?

प्र०13.
उपयुक्त उदाहरणों की सहायता से व्याख्या कीजिए कि कुछ लक्षण अगली पीढ़ी को क्यों नहीं दिए जा सकते हैं। इन लक्षणों को क्या कहते हैं?
अथवा
“ऐसा हो सकता है कि कोई लक्षण वंशानुगत हो जाए परन्तु व्यक्त न हो।” एक उपयुक्त उदाहरण की सहायता से इस कथन की पुष्टि कीजिए।

प्र०14.
कोई छात्र किसी दर्पण के ध्रुव से मोमबत्ती की ज्वाला को 15 सेमी दूरी पर रखकर उसके प्रतिबिम्ब को 60 सेमी दूरी पर स्थित पर्दे पर प्रक्षेपित करना चाहता है।
(i) दर्पण के उस प्रकार का नाम लिखिए जिसे उसे उपयोग करना चाहिए।
(ii) बनने वाले प्रतिबिम्ब का रैखिक आवर्धन ज्ञात कीजिए।
(iii) बिम्ब और उसके प्रतिबिम्ब के बीच की दूरी कितनी है?
(iv) इस प्रकरण में प्रतिबिम्ब बनना दर्शाने के लिए किरण आरेख खींचिए।

प्र०15.
श्वेत प्रकाश का एक पतला किरण-पुंज, PQ चित्र में दर्शाए अनुसार, काँच के किसी प्रिज्म ABC में से गुजरता है?
इस चित्र को अपनी उत्तर पुस्तिका पर खींचिए और पर्दे DE पर निर्गत पुंज जैसा दिखाई देगा उसका पथ खींचकर दर्शाइए।
(i) प्रेक्षण की जाने वाली परिघटना का नाम और उसका कारण लिखिए।
(ii) इसके अतिरिक्त प्रकृति में इसे परिघटना को आप और 3 कहाँ प्रेक्षण करते हैं?
(iii) इस प्रेक्षण के आधार पर श्वेत प्रकाश के अवयवों के बारे में जो निष्कर्ष निकाला जा सकता है उसका उल्लेख कीजिए।

प्र०16.
आपको एल्युमिनियम का एक बर्तन दिया है। आपको तनु HCl, तनु HNO₃, ZnCl₂ विलयन तथा जल (H₂O) भी दिये गये हैं। इनमें से कौन-कौन से विलयन एल्युमिनियम के बर्तन में रखे जा सकते हैं? प्रत्येक में होने वाली अभिक्रिया के विषय में भी लिखिए।

प्र०17.
(a) दो एक जैसे 10 Ω के प्रतिरोधकों को 6 वोल्ट की बैटरी के साथ बारी-बारी से पहले श्रेणी क्रम में तथा फिर समान्तर क्रम में लगाया गया। दोनों स्थितियों में शक्ति का अनुपात ज्ञात करें।
(b) एक किलोवाट घण्टा (kWh) तथा ऊर्जा की S.I. इकाई के बीच संबंध स्थापित करें।

प्र०18.
(a) शाकाहारी तथा मांसाहारी प्राणियों की छोटी आंत की लंबाई की तुलना कीजिए।
(b) छोटी आंत की दो विशेषताएँ लिखिए जिसके कारण यह पचे हुए भोजन को अवशोषित कर पाती

प्र०19.
(a) मानव मादा जनन-तंत्र के काट दृश्य का आरेख खींचिए। उस भाग का नामांकन कीजिए जहाँ|
(i) अण्ड विकसित होते हैं।
(ii) निषेचन होता है;
(iii) निषेचित अण्ड आरोपित होता है।
(b) संक्षेप में उन परिवर्तनों का वर्णन कीजिए जो गर्भाशय में उस स्थिति में होते हैं
(i) जब वह युग्मनज ग्रहण करता है।
(ii) जब युग्मनज नहीं बनता।

प्र०20.
(a) गोलीय लेंसों से संबंधित निम्नलिखित पदों की व्याख्या कीजिए :
(i) प्रकाशिक केन्द्र
(ii) वक्रता-केन्द्र
(iii) मुख्य अक्ष
(iv) द्वारक
(v) मुख्य फोकस
(vi) फोकस दूरी
(b) किसी अभिसारी लेंस की फोकस दूरी 12 सेमी है। वह बिम्ब दूरी परिकलित कीजिए जिस पर किसी बिम्ब को रखने पर उसका प्रतिबिम्ब लेंस के दूसरी ओर लेंस से 48 सेमी दूर बनता है।

प्र०21.
(a) हम तत्वों का वर्गीकरण क्यों करते हैं?
(b) आवर्त सारणी का निर्माण करते समय मेंडेलीफ द्वारा अपनाए गए दो मापदंड क्या थे?
(c) मेंडेलीफ ने अपनी आवर्त सारणी में कुछ रिक्त स्थान क्यों छोड़ दिए थे?
(d) मेंडेलीफ की आवर्त सारणी में हीलियम, नियॉन तथा आर्गन जैसी उत्कृष्ट गैसों का उल्लेख क्यों नहीं किया गया था?
(e) क्या आप क्लोरीन के दो समस्थानिकों CI-35 तथा CI-37 को उनके परमाणु द्रव्यमान भिन्न होने के कारण भिन्न-भिन्न स्थानों पर रखना पसंद करेंगे अथवा रासायनिक गुण समान होने के कारण एक ही स्थान पर रखेंगे? अपने उत्तर की पुष्टि कीजिए।

SECTION B

प्र०22.
एक विद्यार्थी ने फेरस सल्फेट को एक परखनली में गर्म किया। गर्म करने पर उसमें से एक तीखी गंध वाली गैस उत्पन्न हुई तथा फेरस सल्फेट का रंग सफेद होने लगा।
(i) तीखी गंध वाली गैस का रासायनिक सूत्र लिखिए।
(ii) FeSO₄ के क्रिस्टलों का रंग सफेद क्यों हो गया?
(iii) इसमें होने वाली अभिक्रिया किस प्रकार की है?

प्र०23.
एक विद्यार्थी ने पत्ती की झिल्ली की अस्थाई स्लाईड बनाकर देखा कि उसकी कोशिकाओं कुछ हरे रंग के बिन्दु हैं।
(i) इन हरे रंग के बिंदुओं का नाम लिखिए तथा उनमें उपस्थित रंगद्रव्यों का नाम लिखिए।
(ii) इन रंगीन कणों का क्या कार्य है?

प्र०24.
किसी विद्युत सैल में किसका मान कम होता है-उसके सिरों के बीच PD(विभवांतर) या उसकी वैद्युत गति बल (e.m.f)?

प्र०25.
एक परखनली में Na₂CO₃ के जलीय विलयन में जब एसिटिक अम्ल डालते हैं तो क्या होता है? निकलने वाली गैस की पहचान के लिए प्रयोग का समीकरण लिखें।

प्र०26.
जब एक प्रकाश किरण, एक कांच के स्लैब से गुजरती है, तो वह अपने पथ से कितनी बार विचलित होती है और क्यों?

प्र०27.
जब किशमिश के दानों को पानी में डालते हैं तो वे पानी को अवशोषित करते हैं क्यों? इस प्रक्रम को समझाएँ।

Answers

उत्तर 1-
शक्ति को विद्युत धारा तथा विभवांतर के गुणनफल के रूप में प्राप्त किया जा सकता है।
शक्ति (P) = विभवांतर (V) x विद्युतधारा (I)
P = V x I

उत्तर 2-
जीन डी०एन०ए० (DNA) की वह सूक्ष्मतम आनुवंशिक इकाई है जो गुणसूत्रों पर स्थित है। प्रत्येक जीन एक विशेष गुण को जनक से संतति तक ले जाता है।

उत्तर 3- शुक्राणु का आकार, अण्डे की तुलना में काफी छोटा होता है, तथा शुक्राण गतिशील होता है, जबकि अंडा (अण्ड कोशिका) गतिशील नहीं होता है। अण्डे में भ्रूण की प्रारम्भिक अवस्थाओं की वृद्धि के लिए भोजन भरा होता है, इसलिए इसका आकार शुक्राणु की तुलना में बड़ा होता है।
महत्त्व-शुक्राणु इसलिए गतिशील होते हैं कि उन्हें नर के शरीर से मादा के शरीर में निषेचन के लिए जाना होता है।

उत्तर 4-
(a) सोडियम धातु एक अति क्रियाशील धातु है। इसे खुली हवा में रखने पर यह वायु की ऑक्सीजन से क्रिया करके सोडियम ऑक्साइड में बदल जाती है। सोडियम धातु को इस अभिक्रिया से बचाने के लिए इसे | मिट्टी के तेल में रखा जाता है।
(b) जब एल्युमिनियम पाउडर को कॉपर सल्फेट विलयन में मिलाया जाता है तब एल्युमिनियम सल्फेट के रंगहीन विलयन के बनने के कारण कॉपर सल्फेट का नीला रंग धीरे-धीरे रंगहीन हो जाता है।

एल्युमिनियम (Al), कॉपर (Cu) से अधिक अभिक्रियाशील है इसलिए यह CuSO₄ विलयन में से Cu विस्थापित कर देता है तथा रंगहीन Al₂(SO₄)₃ बना देता है।

उत्तर 5-
घरेलू विद्युत परिपथों में विद्युत उपकरणों को समान्तर क्रम में लगाने के दो कारण :
(i) इस क्रम में यदि कोई उपकरण खराब होने के कारण, कार्य करना बंद कर देता है, तो बाकी उपकरण ठीक से चलते रहते हैं।
(ii) प्रत्येक उपकरण को इस क्रम में अपने प्रतिरोध के अनुसार विद्युत धारा प्राप्त होती रहती है।

उत्तर 6-
(i) इस प्रक्रम में काफी मात्रा में ऊष्मा उत्पन्न होती है जिससे बर्तन गर्म हो जाता है। बुदबुदाहट की तेज़ आवाज़ उत्पन्न होती है।
(ii)

अथवा

उत्तर 7-
(i) उस बिन्दु पर चुबंकीय क्षेत्र की प्रबलता अधिक हो जायेगी क्योंकि चुबंकीय क्षेत्र की प्रबलता विद्युतधारा के समानुपाती होती है।
(ii) बिंदु की दूरी बढ़ा देने पर चुबंकीय क्षेत्र की प्रबलता कम हो जायेगी क्योंकि चुबंकीय क्षेत्र की प्रबलता दूरी के व्युत्क्रमानुपाती होती है।
(iii) जब कुण्डली में लपेटे बढ़ा देते हैं तो उसमें से प्रवाहित होने वाली विद्युत धारा की मात्रा बढ़ जाती है। जिसके कारण चुबंकीय क्षेत्र की प्रबलता भी अधिक हो जायेगी।

उत्तर 8-

बल्ब :
प्रतिरोध, R₁ = ?
प्रवाहित विद्युत धारा, I₁ = 0.25A
अन्य चालक :
प्रतिरोध, R₂ = 4Ω
प्रवाहित विद्युत धारा, I₂ = ?
परिणामी प्रतिरोध, R = R₁ + R₂
∴विभवांतर, V = 6V
परिपथ में प्रवाहित विद्युत धारा, I = 0.25 A
∵I = I₁ = I₂ …[श्रृंखला संयोजन में
∴V = IR …[ओम के नियमानुसार

अब R₁ + R₂ = R
R₁ + 4 = 24
∴R₁ = 24 – 4 = 20 Ω

उत्तर 9-
(a) प्रतिवर्ती क्रिया-किसी बाहरी उद्दीपन के प्रति यदि अनुक्रिया तेजी से तथा बिना सोचे समझे होती है। तथा जो मस्तिष्क के एच्छिक नियंत्रण में नहीं होती, प्रतिवर्ती क्रिया कहलाती है। ये क्रियाएँ अधिकतर मेरुरज्जु द्वार नियंत्रित होती हैं। उदाहरण : गर्म प्लेट के छूने पर तत्काल हाथ का हट जाना या नुकीली वस्तु पर पैर पड़ जाने पर पैर का हट जाना।
(b) अंतर्ग्रथन (सिनेप्स)-निकटवर्ती तंत्रिका कोशिकाओं की जोड़ी के बीच अति सूक्ष्म रिक्त स्थान, जिसके पार तंत्रिका आवेगों को एक तंत्रिका कोशिका से अगली तंत्रिका कोशिका तक पहुँचाया जाता है, अंतर्ग्रथन कहलाता है।
(c) प्रकाशानुवर्तन-पौधे के प्ररोह (तने तथा पत्तियाँ) का प्रकाश की दिशा की ओर वृद्धि करना प्रकाशानुवर्तन कहलाता है। यह क्रिया ऑक्सिन नामक पादप हार्मोन द्वारा नियंत्रित होती है।

उत्तर 10-
(a) श्याम एक समझदार व सुलझा हुआ व्यक्ति है। वह पर्यावरण संरक्षण तथा अपने गांववालों के स्वास्थ्य व भलाई की सोच रखता है।
(b) (i) ईंटों के भट्ठे लगाने से धरती की उपजाऊ परत नष्ट हो जाएगी तथा वह ज़मीन गहरे बंजर खड्डों में परिवर्तित हो जायेगी।
(ii) भट्ठे में ईंटों को पकाने के लिए जीवाश्मी ईधन को जलाया जाता है जिसके धुएं से वातावरण दूषित होता है तथा लोगों को कई प्रकार की बीमारियाँ होने लगती हैं।
(iii) ईंटों के भट्ठे से बहुत अधिक मात्रा में राख निकलती है तथा यह राख वायु में मिलकर वायु प्रदूषण का कारण बनती है।
इन सभी कारणों के फलस्वरूप रामू श्याम की सलाह मानकर अपना इरादा बदल देता है।

उत्तर 11-
एक जैसे कार्बनिक यौगिकों का समूह, जिनके रासायनिक गुण काफी मिलते हैं, समजातीय श्रेणी कहलाते हैं।
एल्डिहाइडों के क्रमागत सदस्यों के आणिवक-सूत्र :
H–CHO
CH₃-CHO
C₂H₅-CHO
(i) एल्डिहाइड समूह से जुड़ी कार्बन श्रृंखला, जैसे H-, CH₃-, C₂H₅– इनके भौतिक गुणधर्मों का निर्धारण करती है।
(ii) प्रकार्यात्मक समूह से जुड़े सभी एल्डिहाइड, जैसे -CHO इनके रासायनिक गुणधर्मों का निर्धारण करते हैं।

उत्तर 12-
(i) E
(ii) D
(iii) B
(iv) तत्व ‘D’ का आकार बड़ा है क्योंकि किसी आवर्त में बाएँ से दाएँ जाने पर तत्वों के परमाणुओं का आकार छोटा होता जाता है। नाभिक में आवेश के बढ़ने से यह इलेक्ट्रॉनों को नाभिक की ओर खींचता है जिससे परमाणु का आकार घटता जाता है।
(v) उत्कृष्ट गैस समूह।

उत्तर 13-
वे लक्षण, जो जनन कोशिकाओं के जीनों में परिवर्तन नहीं ला पाते हैं, वे लक्षण अगली पीढ़ी में नहीं जा सकते हैं। ऐसे लक्षणों को उपार्जित लक्षण कहते हैं।
उदाहरण के लिए :
(i) यदि किसी झींगुर को काफी दिनों से पर्याप्त भोजन न मिल पाए और इस कारण उसका वज़न घट जाए तो वज़न का घटना एक उपार्जित लक्षण है।
(ii) चूहे की कटी हुई पूंछ एक उपार्जित लक्षण है।
अथवा
एक पीढ़ी से दूसरी पीढ़ी तक प्रभावी लग DNA द्वारा स्थानांतरित होते हैं। उपार्जित लक्षण DNA में नहीं आते हैं अतः ये अगली पीढ़ी में वंशानुगत नहीं होते।
उदाहरण-जब मटर के एक शुद्ध लम्बे पौधे को एक बौने पौधे से संकरण करवाते हैं तो F, पीढ़ी के पौधे केवल लम्बे दिखाई देते हैं जबकि बौनेपन का लक्षण भी वंशानुगत होता है। जब F, पीढ़ी के पौधों का पुनः संकरण करवाते हैं, तो F, पीढ़ी में बौने पौधे भी दिखाई देते हैं। इससे पता चलता है कि बौनेपन का लक्षण भी वंशानुगत हुआ है।
अतः कहा जा सकता है, “ऐसा हो सकता है कि कोई लक्षण वंशानुगत हो जाए परन्तु व्यक्त न हो।”

उत्तर 14-
(i) उसे अवतल दर्पण का उपयोग करना चाहिए।
(ii) u = -15 cm (u सदैव ऋणात्मक)
υ = -60 cm (वास्तविक स्थिति के लिए ν ऋणात्मक)
m = \(\frac { -v }{ u }\) => -4
(iii) बिम्ब तथा उसके प्रतिबिम्ब के बीच की दूरी = 45 सेमी
(iv) किरण आरेख :

उत्तर 15-

(i) प्रेक्षण की जाने वाली परिघटना का नाम प्रिज्म द्वारा श्वेत प्रकाश का विक्षेपण कहलाता है। इसका कारण यह है कि जब एक श्वेत प्रकाश किरणे एक प्रिज्म से गुजरती है तो यह सात अवयवी वर्गों में विक्षेपित हो जाती है।
(ii) इन्द्रधनुष का बनना प्रकृति में श्वेत प्रकाश के विक्षेपण का एक उदाहरण है।
(iii) इस प्रेक्षण के आधार पर श्वेत प्रकाश के अवयवों के विषय में यह निष्कर्ष निकलता है कि श्वेत प्रकाश सात रंगों की किरणों से मिलकर बनता है। ये रंग हैं-बैंगनी, जामुनी, नीला, हरा, पीला, नारंगी तथा लाल।

उत्तर 16-
(i) तनु HCl अम्ल को एल्युमिनियम के बर्तन में नहीं रखा जा सकता क्योंकि यह इस धातु से क्रिया कर एल्युमिनियम क्लोराइड बनाएगा जिससे हाइड्रोजन गैस निष्कासित होगी।

(ii) तनु HNO₃ अम्ल Al धातु से अभिक्रिया करके उस पर Al₂O₃ की रक्षा परत बना देता है इसलिए तनु HNO₃ अम्ल को एल्युमिनियम के बर्तन में रखा जा सकता है।

(iii) ZnCl₂ को भी एल्युमिनियम के बर्तन में नहीं रखा जा सकता क्योंकि Al धातु Zn से अधिक क्रियाशील है इसलिए अधिक क्रियाशील Al कम क्रियाशील Zn को इस विलयन में से विस्थापित कर देगा।

(iv) Al धातु H₂O से अभिक्रिया नहीं करता इसीलिए जल को एल्युमिनियम के बर्तन में रखा जा सकता है।

उत्तर 17-

(a) श्रेणी क्रम में, R = R₁ + R₂ = 10 + 10 = 20 Ω

उत्तर 18-
(a) छोटी आंत की लंबाई विभिन्न प्राणियों में उनके द्वारा खाए जाने वाले भोजन पर निर्भर करती है। उदाहरण के लिए, सेलुलोज़ एक कार्बोहाइड्रेट भोजन होता है जो शरीर में बहुत कठिनाई से पचता है। इसकी तुलना में मांस शरीर में आसानी से पच जाता है। शाकाहारी जीवों की छोटी आंत अधिक लंबी होती है क्योंकि उन्हें हरे पत्तियों के सेलुलोज़ को पचाने में अधिक समय लगता है। इनकी तुलना में मांसाहारी जीवों की
छोटी आंत कम लंबी होती है क्योंकि मांस को पचाने में उन्हें कम समय लगता है।
(b) छोटी आंत की दो विशेषताएँ ।
(i) छोटी आंत की भीतरी दीवार पर बहुत अधिक ऊंगलीनुमा संरचनाएँ होती है जिन्हें दीर्घरोम कहते हैं।
(ii) ये संरचनाएँ छोटी आंत का सतही क्षेत्र बढ़ा देती हैं जिसके कारण पचे हुए भोजन का अवशोषण जल्दी हो जाता है।

उत्तर 19-
(a) मानव मादा जनन-तंत्र के काट दृश्य का आरेख : अंडवाहिका

(i) अण्ड विकसित होते हैं-अण्डाशय।
(ii) निषेचन होता है-अण्डवाहिका।
(iii) निषेचित अण्ड आरोपित होता है-गर्भाशय।
(b) (i) जब गर्भाशय युग्मनज ग्रहण करता है तो इसकी परत मोटी होती जाती है भ्रूण के विकसित होने के लिए इसकी भित्ति पर एक संरचना बनती है जिसे प्लेसेंटा कहते हैं। इसी के माध्यम से भ्रूण
को विकसित होने के लिए ऑक्सीजन तथा भोजन प्राप्त होता है।
(ii) जब युग्मनज नहीं बनता तो गर्भाशय की परत टूटने लगती है तथा अण्डकोशिका ऋतुस्राव के समय गर्भाशय की टूटी परत के साथ योनिमार्ग से शरीर से बाहर निकल जाती है।

उत्तर 20-
(a) (i) प्रकाशिक केन्द्र-लेंस के केंद्रीय बिंदु को लेंस का प्रकाशिक केन्द्र कहते हैं।
(ii) वक्रता केन्द्र-लेंस के दो गोलीय पृष्ठ होते हैं। इनमें से प्रत्येक पृष्ठ एक गोले का भाग होता है। इन गोलों के केन्द्र लेंस के वक्रता केन्द्र कहलाते हैं।
(iii) मुख्य अक्ष-किसी लेंस के दोनों वक्रता केंद्रों से गुजरने वाली एक काल्पनिक सीधी रेखा लेंस का मुख्य अक्ष कहलाती है।
(iv) द्वारक-गोलीय लेंस की वृत्ताकार रूपरेखा का प्रभावी व्यास इसकी द्वारक कहलाता है।
(v) मुख्य फोकस-किसी लेंस के मुख्य अक्ष के समांतर जाने वाले प्रकाश किरणें लेंस से अपवर्तन के पश्चात जिस बिंदु पर मिलती है अथवा मिलती हुई प्रतीत होती है उस बिंदु को लेंस का मुख्य फोकस कहते हैं।
(vi) फोकस दूरी-किसी लेंस के मुख्य फोकस की प्रकाशिक केंद्र से दूरी लेंस की फोकस दूरी कहलाती है।

∴ लैंस से बिम्ब 16 सेमी दूरी पर रखा गया है।

उत्तर 21-
(a) हम तत्वों का वर्गीकरण उनके गुणों का अध्ययन आसानी से तथा एक क्रमबद्ध तरीके से करने के लिए करते हैं। इन तत्वों को खोजने के पश्चात् उनकी संपूर्ण जानकारी तथा गुण प्राप्त करने में कई मुश्किलों को सामना करना पड़ता था इसीलिए वैज्ञानिकों ने तत्वों के अध्ययन को सुगम बनाने के लिए तत्वों को वर्गीकरण किया।
(b) मेंडेलीफ द्वारा अपनाए गए दो मापदंड :
(i) परमाणु द्रव्यमान तथा
(ii) रासायनिक गुणधर्मों में समानता।
(c) मेंडेलीफ ने ये रिक्त स्थान इसलिए छोड़ दिए थे ताकि जब नए तत्व खोजे जाएँ तो वे अपने द्रव्यमान तथा गुणों के अनुसार ये रिक्त स्थान प्राप्त कर सकें।
(d) उत्कृष्ट गैसें, जैसे हीलियम, नियॉन तथा आर्गन, की खोज उस समय तक नहीं की गई थी क्योंकि ये अक्रिय गैस हैं तथा वायुमण्डल में इनकी मात्रा बहुत अल्प है। इनकी खोज के बाद इन अक्रिय गैसों को मेंडेलीफ की सारणी में बिना किसी परिवर्तन किए नए समूहों में रखा गया।
(e) क्लोरीन के समस्थानिक Cl-35 तथा Cl-37 को मेंडेलीफ की आवर्त सारणी में उनके परमाणु द्रव्यमान भिन्न होने के कारण अलग-अलग स्थान पर रखेंगे परंतु इनका रासायनिक गुणधर्म समान होने के कारण उन्हें एक ही स्थान पर रखेंगे। ये एक-दूसरे के प्रतिवादी हैं। अतः क्लोरीन के इन समस्थानिकों को मेंडेलीफ ने अपनी आवर्त सारणी में एक स्थान नहीं दिया।

उत्तर 22-
(i) तीखी गंध वाली गैसों का रासायनिक सूत्र :
SO₂ (सल्फर डाइऑक्साइड) व SO₃ (सल्फर ट्राईऑक्साइड)।
(ii) गर्म करने पर FeSO₄ के क्रिस्टलीय जल अणु वाष्पित हो जाते हैं तथा सफेद रंग का चूर्ण में परिवर्तित हो जाते है।
(ii) यह एक तापीय विघटन अभिक्रिया है क्योंकि इस अभिक्रिया में एक पदार्थ को गर्म करने पर वह तीन | पदार्थों में विभाजित हो जाता है।

उत्तर 23-
(i) ये हरे रंग के बिंदु हरित लवक है तथा उनमें उपस्थित हरे रंग के रंगद्रव्य क्लोरोफिल हैं।
(ii) हरे रंग के क्लोरोफिल कण प्रकाश संश्लेषण क्रिया में सौर ऊर्जा को अवशोषित करते हैं।

उत्तर 24-
इन दोनों में से विद्युत सैल का PD (विभवांतर) का मान कम होता है क्योंकि उस सैल के e.m.f. का कुछ भाग उसके आंतरिक प्रतिरोध को समाप्त करने में प्रयोग हो जाता है।

उत्तर 25-
इस प्रक्रिया में CO₂ गैस बुदबुदाहट के साथ उत्पन्न होती है।

उत्तर 26-
जब एक प्रकाश किरण एक कांच के स्लैब से गुजरती है तो वह अपने पथ से दो बार विचलित होती है
• पहली बार वायु से कांच में जाने पर वह विरल माध्यम से सघन माध्यम में जाती है और अभिलम्ब की ओर मुड़ जाती है।
• दूसरी बार जब वह कांच से वायु में वापिस आती है। यह सघन माध्यम से विरल माध्यम में जाती है। तो वह अभिलम्ब से दूर हो जाती है।

उत्तर 27-
किशमिश के दाने परसरण प्रक्रम के कारण जल को अवशोषित करते हैं। जल के अणु किशमिश के दानों की अर्धपरागम्य झिल्ली से बाहर से भीतर की ओर प्रवाहित होते हैं।

We hope the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science in Hindi Medium Paper 4 help you. If you have any query regarding CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Science in Hindi Medium Paper 4, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Social Science Paper 7 are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Social Science. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Social Science Paper 7.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Social Science Paper 7

Board	CBSE
Class	X
Subject	Social Science
Sample Paper Set	Paper 7
Category	CBSE Sample Papers

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 10 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme as prescribed by the CBSE is given here. Paper 7 of Solved CBSE Sample Paper for Class 10 Social Science is given below with free PDF download solutions.

Time: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions

1. The question paper has 27 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
2. Marks are indicated against each question.
3. Questions from serial number 1 to 7 are very short answer questions. Each question carries 1 mark.
4. Questions from serial number 8 to 18 are 3 marks questions. Answer of these questions should not exceed 80 words each.
5. Questions from serial number 19 to 25 are 5 marks questions. Answer of these questions should not exceed 100 words each.
6. Question number 26 and 27 are map questions of 2 marks from History and 3 marks from Geography. After completion, attach the maps inside the answer book.

QUESTIONS

Question 1.
What was ‘Hosay’?
OR
Who devised Spinning jenny? When?
OR
What do you mean by Chartism and the 10-hour movement?

Question 2.
What were the Biliotheque Bleue’?
OR
Name the earliest Marathi novel? Who wrote it?

Question 3.
Identify any two major alliances which contested in the 2004 Parliamentary Elections of India?

Question 4.
Name the local names of the alluvial soils found in the piedmont plains?

Question 5.
What are renewable resources? Give example.

Question 6.
Define GDP.

Question 7.
What are the functions of money?

Question 8.
Write short note on Rinderpest.
OR
Explain the role of the ‘gomasthas’ and ‘jobbers’ in the history of cotton textile industry of India.
OR
Narrate the information you could draw from the writings of Henry Mayhew on crime in London by the end of 19th century and state the steps taken by the government to check crime.

Question 9.
Why the Roman Catholic Church decide to maintain an Index of Prohibited Books from 1558?
OR
‘Stories in prose were not new to India’. Support your answer with three examples.

Question 10.
How do you differentiate federalism from a Unitary form of government?

Question 11.
“Every social difference does not lead to social division”. Explain with suitable example.

Question 12.
“The leaders of the Sinhala community sought to secure dominance over government by virtue of their majority”. Comment.

Question 13.
Why are dams referred to as multi-purpose river valley projects? Briefly explain these giving two examples of multi-purpose projects.

Question 14.
What is plantation farming? State two characteristics of plantation farming. Also mention two examples of plantation crops.

Question 15.
“Consumers are exploited in the marketplace in various ways”. Discuss with example.

Question 16.
Classify the countries according to the World Bank criterion.

Question 17.
Write a short note on Consumers International.

Question 18.
Define what is trade barrier? Why Indian government put various barriers in foreign trade and investments before 1991?

Question 19.
What marked the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement? How was this movement different from the Non-Cooperation Movement?

Question 20.
“The Habsburg Empire that ruled over Austria-Hungary, for example, was a patchwork of many different regions and peoples”. Justify.
OR
Describe any four steps taken by the French for the development of the Mekong Delta Region’.

Question 21.
“Ours is still a male dominated, Patriarchal society. Women face disadvantage, discrimination and oppression in various ways.” Discuss.

Question 22.
Suggest a few broad guidelines that should be kept in mind while devising ways and means for political reforms in India.

Question 23.
What are Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways? What is their major objective? Explain Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways.

Question 24.
When and where the first successful textile mill was established? Explain the three reasons that led to the location of cotton textile industry in Gujarat and Maharashtra initially.

Question 25.
Study the data given in the table and answer the questions that follow :

Sector	Organised	Unorganised	Total (in million)
Primary	2		242
Secondary	9	54	63
Tertiary	17	76	93
Total	28
Total in Percentage			100%

1. Which is the most important sector that provides most jobs to the people?
2. What is the number of persons engaged in the unorganised sector?
3. Why is this unorganised sector more important? Give one reason.
4. Which is the most important organised sector? Give one reason.

Question 26.
Two features A and B are marked on the given political outline map of India:

Identify these features with the help of the following information and write their correct names on the lines marked in the map :

A. The place where Gandhji led the cotton mill workers’ agitation.
B. The place where INC Session took place in 1927

OR

Locate and label on the same map given:

1. Champaran-indigo planters’ agitation in 1916.
2. Calcutta-INC Session September 1920.

Question 27.
On the given same political outline map of India locate and label/identify the type of soil the following with appropriate symbols:

1. Identify the type of soil in the shaded area on map.
2. Largest producer of ragi among Indian states,
3. Hirakud Dam

ANSWERS

Answer 1.
In Trinidad the annual Muharram procession was transformed into a riotous carnival called ‘Hosay’ (for Imam Hussain) in which workers of all races and religions joined.
OR
Spinning Jenny was devised by James Hargreaves in 1764.
OR
Two political movements of London in the 19th Century were called Chartism (a movement demanding the vote for all adult males) and the 10-hour movement (limiting hours of work in factories).

Answer 2.
In France, were present the ‘Biliotheque Bleue’, which were low-priced small books printed on poor quality paper, and bound in cheap blue covers.
OR
The earliest novel in Marathi was Baba Padmanji’s Yamuna Paryatan (1857).

Answer 3.
Two major alliances in 2004 parliamentary elections- the National Democratic Alliance, the United Progressive Alliance and the Left Front.

Answer 4.
Duars, Chos and Terai.

Answer 5.
Groundwater is an example of renewable resources. These resources are replenished by nature as in the case of crops and plants.

Answer 6.
The value of final goods and services produced in each sector during a particular year provides the total production of the sector for that year. And the sum of production in the three sectors gives what is called the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of a country. It is the value of all final goods and services produced within a country during a particular year. GDP shows how big the economy is.

Answer 7.

1. Money acts as a medium of exchange in goods and services and in payment of debts.
2. Money is used as a measure of value.
3. It is a Standard of Demand Payments.
4. It acts as store of value.

Answer 8.
(i) A devastating cattle disease, Rinderpest arrived in Africa in the late 1880s. It was carried by infected cattle imported from British Asia to feed the Italian soldiers invading Eritrea in East Africa.

(ii) Entering Africa in the east, rinderpest moved west Tike forest fire’, reaching Africa’s Atlantic coast in 1892. It reached the Cape (Africa’s southernmost tip) five years later. Along the way rinderpest killed 90 per cent of the cattle.

(iii) The loss of cattle destroyed African livelihoods. Planters, mine owners and colonial governments now successfully monopolised what scarce cattle resources remained, to strengthen their power and to force Africans into the labour market. Control over the scarce resource of cattle enabled European colonisers to conquer and subdue Africa.

OR

The ‘gomasthas’: The East India Company tried to eliminate the existing traders and brokers connected with the cloth trade, and establish a more direct control over the weaver. It appointed a paid servant called the gomastha to supervise weavers, collect supplies, and examine the quality of cloth.

Jobber:

(i) Getting jobs was always difficult, even when mills multiplied and the demand for workers increased. The numbers seeking work were always more than the jobs available. Entry into the mills was also restricted. Industrialists usually employed a jobber to get new recruits.

(ii) Very often the jobber was an old and trusted worker. He got people from his village, ensured them jobs, helped them settle in the city and provided them money in times of crisis. The jobber therefore became a person with some authority and power. He began demanding money and gifts for his favour and controlling the lives of workers.

OR
In the mid-nineteenth century, Henry Mayhew wrote about London labour, and compiled long lists of those who made a living from crime.

(i) He listed many of them as ‘criminals’ who were in fact poor people who lived by stealing lead from roofs, food from shops, lumps of coal, and clothes drying on hedges.

(ii) There were others who were more skilled at their trade, expert at their jobs. There were cheats and tricksters, pickpockets and petty thieves crowding the streets of London.

Steps taken:

(i) In an attempt to discipline the population, the authorities imposed high penalties for crime.

(ii) Offered work to those who were considered the ‘deserving poor’.

Answer 9.
(i) Print and popular religious literature stimulated many distinctive individual interpretations of faith even among little-educated working people.

(ii) In the sixteenth century, Menocchio, a miller in Italy, began to read books that were available in his locality. He reinterpreted the message of the Bible and formulated a view of God and Creation that enraged the Roman Catholic Church and began its inquisition to repress heretical ideas. Menocchio was hauled up twice and ultimately executed.

(iii) The Roman Church, troubled by such effects of popular readings and questionings of faith, imposed severe controls over publishers and booksellers and began to maintain an Index of Prohibited Books from 1558.

OR

(i) Banabhatta’s Kadambari, written in Sanskrit in the seventh century, is an early example.

(ii) The Panchatantra.

(iii) There was also a long tradition of prose tales of adventure and heroism in Persian and Urdu, known as ‘dastan’.

Answer 10.
Federalism:

1. Is a system of government in which power is divided between the central authority and various constituent units of the country. Federation may have government for the entire nation and government at the levels of provinces or states.
2. Both these levels of the government enjoy their power independent of the others. Powers of each level is specified in the Constitution.

A unitary government:

1. Has one level of government or the sub-units are subordinate to the central government.
2. The central government can pass orders to the provincial or the local government.

Answer 11.

1. Every social difference does not lead to social division. Social differences divide similar people from one another, but they also unite very different people.
2. People belonging to different social groups share differences and similarities cutting across the boundaries of their groups

Example: Carlos and Smith were similar in one way (both were African-American) and thus different from Norman who was white. But they were also all similar in other ways – they were all athletes who stood against racial discrimination.

Answer 12.

1. The democratically elected government adopted a series of Majoritarian measures to establish Sinhala supremacy.
2. In 1956, an Act was passed to recognize Sinhala as the only official language, thus disregarding Tamil.
3. The governments followed preferential policies that favoured Sinhala applicants for university positions and government jobs.
4. A new constitution stipulated that the state shall protect and foster Buddhism.
5. All these government measures, coming one after the other, gradually increased the feeling of alienation among the Sri Lankan Tamils.

Answer 13.
Large dams are referred to as multipurpose river valley projects where the many uses of the impounded water are integrated with one another as:

Irrigation, electricity generation, water supply for domestic and industrial uses, flood control, recreation, inland navigation and fish breeding.

(a) In Sutlej-Beas river basin, the Bhakra-Nangal project water is being used both for hydel power production and irrigation.
(b) Similarly, Hirakund project in the Mahanadi basin integrates conservation of water with flood control.

Answer 14.
Plantation farming: In this type of farming, a single crop is grown on a large area.

Characteristics:

1. The plantation has an interface of agriculture and industry
2. Use large tracts of land and capital intensive inputs with manual labour.

Examples of plantation crops: Tea, coffee, rubber, sugarcane, banana etc.

Answer 15.
Sometimes traders indulge in unfair trade practices such as when shopkeepers weigh less than what they should or when traders add charges that were not mentioned before, or when adulterated/defective goods are sold.

Answer 16.
(i) In World Development Reports, brought out by the World Bank, this criterion is used in classifying countries.

(ii) Countries with per capita income of US$ 12616 per annum and above in 2012, are called rich countries and those with per capita income of US$ 1035 or less are called low-income countries.

(iii) India comes in the category of low middle income countries because its per capita income in 2012 was just US$ 1530 per annum. The rich countries, excluding countries of Middle East and certain other small countries are generally called developed countries.

Answer 17.
(i) In 1985 United Nations adopted the UN Guidelines for Consumer Protection. This was a tool for nations to adopt measures to protect consumers and for consumer advocacy groups to press their governments to do so.

(ii) At the international level, this has become the foundation for consumer movement.

(iii) Today, Consumers International has become an umbrella body to over 220 member organisations from over 115 countries.

Answer 18.
(i) Tax on imports is an example of trade barrier. It is called a barrier because some restriction has been set up.

(ii) Governments can use trade barriers to increase or decrease (regulate) foreign trade and to decide what kinds of goods and how much of each, should come into the country.

(iii) The Indian government, after Independence, had put barriers to foreign trade and foreign investment. This was considered necessary to protect the producers within from foreign competition.

(iv) Industries were just coming up in the 1950s and 1960s, and competition from imports at that stage would not have allowed these industries to come of only essential items such as machinery, fertilizers, petroleum etc.

Answer 19.
(i) On 6 April Gandhi reached Dandi, and ceremonially violated the law, by picking up a handful of salt. This marked the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement.

(ii) People were now asked not only to refuse cooperation with the British, as they had done in 1921-22, but also to break colonial laws. Thousands in different parts of the country broke the salt law, manufactured salt and demonstrated in front of government salt factories.

(iii) As the movement spread, foreign cloth was boycotted, and liquor shops were picketed. Peasants refused to pay revenue and chaukidari taxes, village officials resigned, and in many places forest people violated forest laws – going into Reserved Forests to collect wood and graze cattle.

Answer 20.
(i) It included the Alpine regions – the Tyrol, Austria and the Sudetenland – as well as Bohemia, where the aristocracy was predominantly German-speaking. It also included the Italian-speaking provinces of Lombardy and Venetia.

(ii) In Hungary, half of the population spoke Magyar while the other half spoke a variety of dialects. In Galicia, the aristocracy spoke Polish.

(iii) Besides these three dominant groups, there also lived within the boundaries of the empire, a mass of subject peasant peoples – Bohemians and Slovaks to the north, Slovenes in Camiola, Croats to the south, and Roumans to the east in Transylvania.

(iv) Such differences did not easily promote a sense of political unity. The only tie binding these diverse groups together was a common allegiance to the emperor.

OR

(i) The French began by building canals and draining lands in the Mekong delta to increase cultivation.

(ii) The vast system of irrigation works – canals and earthworks – built mainly with forced labour, increased rice production and allowed the export of rice to the international market.

(iii) Vietnam exported two-thirds of its rice production and by 1931 had become the third largest exporter of rice in the world.

(iv) This was followed by infrastructure projects to help transport goods for trade, move military garrisons and control the entire region. Construction of a trans-Indo-China rail network that would link the northern and southern parts of Vietnam and China was begun.

Answer 21.
(i) The literacy rate among women is only 54 per cent compared with 76 per cent among men. Similarly, a smaller proportion of girl students go for higher studies. But the girls drop out because parents prefer to spend their resources for their boys’ education rather than spending equally on their sons and daughters.

(ii) The proportion of women among the highly paid and valued jobs is still very small. On an average an Indian woman works one hour more than an average man every day. Yet much of her work is not paid and therefore often not valued.

(iii) The Equal Wages Act provides that equal wages should be paid to equal work. However in almost all areas of work, from sports and cinema, to factories and fields, women are paid less than men, even when both do exactly the same work.

(iv) In many parts of India, parents prefer to have sons and find ways to have the girl child aborted before she is bom. Such sex-selective abortion led to a decline in child sex ratio (number of girl children per thousand boys) in the country to merely 927. This ratio has fallen below 850 or even 800 in some places.

(v) There are reports of various kinds of harassment, exploitation and violence against women. They are not even safe even within their own home from beating, harassment and other forms of domestic violence.

Answer 22.
(i) Reforms through Legal Ways: Law has an important role to play in political reform. Carefully devised changes in law can help to discourage wrong political practices and encourage good ones. Example: A change in rules for LBW decisions helped to reduce negative batting tactics. But no one would ever think that the quality of cricket could be improved mainly through changes in the mles.

(ii) Any legal change must carefully look at what results it will have on politics. Sometimes the results may be counter-productive. Example: Many states have banned people who have more than two children from contesting panchayat elections. This has resulted in denial of democratic opportunity to many poor and women, which was not intended. Another example is RTI.

(iii) Reform through ‘Political Practices’: Democratic reforms are to be brought about principally through political practice. The most important concern should be to increase and improve the quality of political participation by ordinary citizens.

(iv) Reform measures that rely on democratic movements, citizens’ organisations and the media are likely to succeed in reforming political system. The main focus of political reforms should be on ways to strengthen democratic practices.

Answer 23.
(i) The government has launched a major road development project linking Delhi-Kolkata- Chennai-Mumbai and Delhi by six-lane Super Highways.

(ii) The North-South corridors linking Srinagar (Jammu & Kashmir) and Kanyakumari (Tamil Nadu), and East-West Corridor connecting Silcher (Assam) and Porbander (Gujarat) are part of this project.

(iii) The major objective of these Super Highways is to reduce the time and distance between the mega cities of India.

(iv) The National Highway Authority of India (NHAI) implements and maintains these super highways.

Answer 24.
Successful location: Mumbai, 1854

Factors responsible for location of cotton textile industry in Gujarat and Maharashtra:

(i) Availability of raw cotton: This region predominantly located in the black soil. Therefore, good quality of cotton was easily available.

(ii) Well developed transportation network: This region was well connected with efficient network of roads and railways. It got the benefit of port facilities also.

(iii) Market: There was a huge demand for cotton goods in and around this region. Therefore, this industry concentrated in and around Gujarat and Maharashtra.

Answer 25.
(i) Primary-Agricultural Sector

(ii) 370 million

(iii) Agricultural Sector is most important unorganised sector because the unorganised sector mostly comprises of landless agricultural labourers, small and marginal farmers. Nearly 80 per cent of rural households in India are in small and marginal farmer category. These farmers need to be supported through adequate facility for timely delivery of seeds, agricultural inputs, credit, storage facilities and marketing outlets. Employment is more production is less.

(iv) Tertiary Sector: Employment is less and production is less. Also it produces ‘services’ rather than ‘goods’.

Answer 26.

Answer 27.

We hope the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Social Science Paper 7 help you. If you have any query regarding CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Social Science Paper 7, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Social Science Paper 6 are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Social Science. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Social Science Paper 6.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Social Science Paper 6

Board	CBSE
Class	X
Subject	Social Science
Sample Paper Set	Paper 6
Category	CBSE Sample Papers

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 10 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme as prescribed by the CBSE is given here. Paper 6 of Solved CBSE Sample Paper for Class 10 Social Science is given below with free PDF download solutions.

Time: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions

• The question paper has 27 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
• Marks are indicated against each question.
• Questions from serial number 1 to 7 are very short answer questions. Each question carries 1 mark.
• Questions from serial number 8 to 18 are 3 marks questions. Answer of these questions should not exceed 80 words each.
• Questions from serial number 19 to 25 are 5 marks questions. Answer of these questions should not exceed 100 words each.
• Question number 26 and 27 are map questions of 2 marks from History and 3 marks from Geography. After completion, attach the maps inside the answer book.

QUESTIONS

Question 1.
In which years Great Depression occurred in the world?
OR
Who improved the steam engine?
OR
Give one feature of the about the Annual London Season?

Question 2.
Who brought the first printing press to India?
OR
Who is the author of the novel ‘Pariksha Guru’?

Question 3.
What was the importance of Peter Norman in the history of Mexico Olympics of 1968 and Civil Rights Movement of USA?

Question 4.
What are tankas?

Question 5.
Give any two examples of Service Sector.

Question 6.
What are Non-renewable resources? Give example.

Question 7.
What is ‘Liberalisation’?

Question 8.
Explain the impact of Great Depression of 1929 on the Indian economy giving three any points.
OR
Explain any three problems faced by the cotton weavers in India during mid 19th century.
OR
Explain any three reasons for the expansion of Bombay’s (Mumbai’s) population in mid 18th century and later in 19th Century.

Question 9.
Explain how Martin Luther spoke in praise of print?
OR
Explain the contribution of Prem Chand in the field of novel writing.

Question 10.
‘Ethnic composition of Belgium is very complex’. Justify. Mention the innovative method adopted by Belgium to overcome these complex issues.

Question 11.
What is meant by crosscutting differences? Give one suitable example.

Question 12.
Explain the ethnic composition of Sri Lanka.

Question 13.
How do regions differ in terms of availability of resources? Give three examples from different states to show this variation.

Question 14.
What is primitive subsistence farming? State three characteristics of this type of farming.

Question 15.
How will you justify that you are an alert consumer while buying a commodity from the market. Give two examples/situations to support you.

Question 16.
Explain the structure of three-tier quasi judicial machinery was set up by the Government of India under COPRA.

Question 17.
Critically evaluate the negative impact of globalization on Indian economy with examples.

Question 18.
Why is it necessary for banks and cooperatives to increase their lending in rural areas? Explain.

Question 19.
“The Plantation workers too had their own understanding of Mahatma Gandhi and the notion of swaraj”. Support the statement with arguments.

Question 20.
Who was Johann Gottfried? Explain how Culture played an important role in the making of nation.
OR
“In 1926 a major protest erupted in the Saigon Native Girls School”. Why?

Question 21.
The quality of democracy depends upon the degree of public participation. Suggest any four values essential for a citizen for effective participation.

Question 22.
Describe the main features of the Centre-State relations in the Federation of India.

Question 23.
Explain the formation of minerals in the igneous and metamorphic rocks with suitable examples.

Question 24.
How has NTPC achieved a distinction in preserving the natural environment and natural resources in the country?

Question 25.
How is the concept of Self Help Groups important for poor people? Give your view point.

Question 26.
Two features A and B are marked on the given political outline map of India:
Identify these features with the help of the following information and write their correct names on the lines marked in the map:
A. The place where ‘no-tax campaign took place
B. The place where the 1929 session of Indian National Congress took place.
OR
Locate and label on the same map given:

1. The place where Gandhiji called off Non-Cooperation movement in 1922.
2. place where the 1927 session of Indian National Congress took place.

Question 27.
On the given same political outline map of India locate and label /identify the following with appropriate symbols:

1. Identify the type of soil in the shaded area.
2. Largest producer of Sugarcane among states in India.
3. Sardar Sarovar Dam

ANSWERS

Answer 1.
1929-30
OR
Mathew Boulton
OR
It was meant for wealthy Britishers only.

Answer 2.
Portuguese Missionaries.
OR
Srinivas Das

Answer 3.
The silver medallist, white Australian athlete, Peter Norman, wore a human rights badge on his shirt during the ceremony to show his support to the two Black Americans, who had won the gold and bronze.

Answer 4.
Tankas or tanks are the underground storage for rain water.

Answer 5.
Banking, IT.

Answer 6.
Non-renewable resources are those which will get exhausted after years of use. We have a fixed stock on earth which cannot be replenished. Example: Crude oil.

Answer 7.
Removing barriers or restrictions set by the government in the economy is what is known as liberalisation.

Answer 8.
(i) In the nineteenth century, colonial India had become an exporter of agricultural goods and importer of manufactures. The depression immediately affected Indian trade. India’s exports and imports nearly halved between 1928 and 1934.

(ii) As international prices crashed, prices in India also plunged between 1928 and 1934 Peasants and farmers suffered more than urban dwellers. Though agricultural prices fell sharply, the colonial government refused to reduce revenue demands. Peasants producing for the world market were the worst hit.

(iii) For example, jute producers of Bengal suffered as the raw jute that was processed in factories for export in the form of gunny bags crashed, as gunny exports collapsed, the price of raw jute crashed more than expected.

(iv) Across India, peasants’ indebtedness increased. They used up their savings, mortgaged lands, and sold whatever jewellery and precious metals they had to meet their expenses. In these depression years, India became an exporter of precious metals, notably gold. The famous economist John Maynard Keynes thought that Indian gold exports promoted global economic recovery.

(v) The depression proved less grim for urban India. Because of falling prices, those with fixed incomes, town-dwelling landowners who received rents and middle-class salaried employees, now found themselves better off.

OR

(i) Cotton weavers in India faced two problems at the same time: their export market collapsed and the local market shrank, being glutted with Manchester imports. Produced by machines at lower costs, the imported cotton goods were so cheap that weavers could not easily compete with them.

(ii) By the 1850s, reports from most weaving regions of India narrated stories of decline and desolation. By the 1860s, weavers faced a new problem. They could not get sufficient supply of raw cotton of good quality.

(iii) When the American Civil War broke out and cotton supplies from the US were cut off, Britain turned to India. As raw cotton exports from India increased, the price of raw cotton shot up.

(iv) Weavers in India were starved of supplies and forced to buy raw cotton at exorbitant prices. In this, situation weaving could not pay. Then, by the end of the nineteenth century, weavers and other craftspeople faced yet another problem. Factories in India began production, flooding the market with machine-made goods.

OR

(i) At first, Bombay was the major outlet for cotton textiles from Gujarat.

(ii) Later, in the nineteenth century, the city functioned as a port through which large quantities of raw materials such as cotton and opium would pass.

(iii) Gradually, it also became an important administrative centre in western India, and then, by the end of the nineteenth century, a major industrial centre.

Answer 9.
Deeply grateful to print, Luther said, ‘Printing is the ultimate gift of God and the greatest one.’ (Compulsory point)

Reasons:
(i) In 1517, the religious reformer Martin Luther wrote Ninety Five Theses criticising many of the practices and rituals of the Roman Catholic Church. A printed copy of this was posted on a church door in Wittenberg.

(ii) It challenged the Church to debate his ideas. Luther’s writings were immediately reproduced in vast numbers and read widely.

(iii) This lead to a division within the Church and to the beginning of the Protestant Reformation. Luther’s translation of the New Testament sold 5,000 copies within a few weeks and a second edition appeared within three months.

(iv) Several scholars, in fact, think that print brought about a new intellectual atmosphere and helped spread the new ideas that led to the Reformation.

OR

(i) It was with the writing of Premchand that the Hindi novel achieved excellence. He began writing in Urdu and then shifted to Hindi, remaining an immensely influential writer in both languages. He drew on the traditional art of kissa-goi (storytelling).

(ii) Many critics think that his novel Sewasadan (The Abode of Service), published in 1916, lifted the Hindi novel from the realm of fantasy, moralising and simple entertainment to a serious reflection on the lives of ordinary people and social issues.

(iii) Sewasadan deals mainly with the poor condition of women in society. Issues like child marriage and dowry are woven into the story of the novel. It also tells us about the ways in which the Indian upper classes used whatever little opportunities they got from colonial authorities to govern themselves.

Answer 10.
The ethnic composition of this small country is very complex:

1. Of the country’s total population, 59 per cent lives in the Flemish region and speaks Dutch language. Another 40 per cent people live in the Wallonia region and speak French. Remaining one per cent of the Belgians speak German.
2. In the capital city Brussels, 80 per cent people speak French while 20 per cent are Dutch speaking.

Innovative Method: Any one of the Accommodation Methods OR simply write Accommodation OR Community Government.

Answer 11.
(i) If social differences cross cut one another, it is difficult to pit one group of people against the other. It means that groups that share a common interest on one issue are likely to be in different sides on a different issue.

(ii) Example: Consider the cases of Northern Ireland and the Netherlands. Both are predominantly Christian but divided between Catholics and Protestants. In Northern Ireland, class and religion overlap with each other. If you are Catholic, you are also more likely to be poor, and you may have suffered a history of discrimination. In the Netherlands, class and religion tend to cut across each other. Catholics and Protestants are about equally likely to be poor or rich.

(iii) The result is that Catholics and Protestants have had conflicts in Northern Ireland, while they do not do so in the Netherlands. Overlapping social differences create possibilities of deep social divisions and tensions. Cross-cutting social differences are easier to accommodate.

Answer 12.
Composition:
(i) Sri Lanka has a diverse population. The major social groups are the Sinhala-speakers (74 per cent) and the Tamil-speakers (18 per cent). Among Tamils there are two subgroups. Tamil natives of the country are called ‘Sri Lankan Tamils’ (13 per cent).

(ii) The rest, whose forefathers came from India as plantation workers during colonial period, are called ‘Indian Tamils’. As you can see from the map, Sri Lankan Tamils are concentrated in the north and east of the country.

(iii) Most of the Sinhala-speaking people are Buddhists, while most of the Tamils are Hindus or Muslims. There are about 7 per cent Christians, who are both Tamil and Sinhala.

Answer 13.

Regions/States	Rich in	Poor/Deficient in
Amnachal Pradesh	Abundance of water resources	Lacks infrastructural development
Rajasthan	Well endowed with solar and wind energy	Lacks water resources
Cold desert of Ladakh	Rich cultural heritage	Deficient in water, infrastructure and some vital minerals.

Therefore, there is a need for balanced resource at the national, state, regional and local levels.

Answer 14.
Primitive subsistence farming is practised on small patches of land with the help of primitive tools like hoe, dao and digging sticks with family/community labour.

Characteristics :

1. Farming depends upon monsoon
2. Natural fertility of soil is used
3. Slash and bum type of agriculture is followed by clearing a patch of land and after some time switching over to another land.

Answer 15.
It is because consumers have the right to be informed about the particulars of goods and services that they purchase. Consumers can then complain and ask for compensation or replacement if the product proves to be defective in any manner.

For example:

1. If we buy a product and find it defective well within the expiry period, we can ask for a replacement. If the expiry period was not printed, the manufacturer would blame the shopkeeper and will not accept the responsibility. If people sell medicines that have expired severe action can be taken against them.
2. Similarly, one can protest and complain if someone sells a good at more than the printed price on the packet. This is indicated by ‘MRP’  maximum retail price. In fact consumers can bargain with the seller to sell at less than the MRP.

Answer 16.

1. Under COPRA, a three-tier quasijudicial machinery at the district, state and national levels was set up for redressal of consumer disputes.
2. The district level court deals with the cases involving claims upto ₹ 20 lakhs, the state level courts between ₹ 20 lakhs and ₹ 1 crore and the national level court deals with cases involving claims exceeding ₹ 1 crore.
3. If a case is dismissed in district level court, the consumer can also appeal in state and then in National level courts.

Thus, the Act has enabled us as consumers to have the right to represent in the consumer courts.

Answer 17.

1. Rising competition
2. Uncertain employment
3. The condition of work and hardships of workers have become common to many industrial and service units in India. Even many organized sector have started to follow unorganized features.
4. Several small scale industries have shut down due to competition which led to many workers jobless.

Answer 18.
(i) Higher cost of borrowing means a larger part of the earnings of the borrowers is used to repay the loan. Hence, borrowers have less income left for themselves. In certain cases, the high interest rate for borrowing can mean that the amount to be repaid is greater than the income of the borrower. This could lead to increasing debt and debt trap. Also, people who might wish to start an enterprise by borrowing may not do so because of the high cost of borrowing.

(ii) For these reasons, banks and cooperative societies need to lend more. This would lead to higher incomes and many people could then borrow cheaply for a variety of needs. They could grow crops, do business, set up small-scale industries etc. They could set up new industries or trade in goods. So cheap and affordable credit is crucial for the country’s development.

Answer 19.
(i) For plantation workers in Assam, freedom meant the right to move freely in and out of the confined space in which they were enclosed, and it meant retaining a link with the village from which they had come.

(ii) Under the Inland Emigration Act of 1859, plantation workers were not permitted to leave the tea gardens without permission, and in fact they were rarely given such permission.

(iii) When they heard of the Non-Cooperation Movement, thousands of workers defied the authorities, left the plantations and headed home. They believed that Gandhi Raj was coming and everyone would be given land in their own villages.

(iv) They, however, never reached their destination. Stranded on the way by a railway and steamer strike, they were caught by the police and brutally beaten up.

(v) They interpreted the term swaraj in their own ways, imagining it to be a time when all suffering and all troubles would be over. Yet, when the tribals chanted Gandhiji’s name and raised slogans demanding ‘Swatantra Bharat’, they were also emotionally relating to an all-India agitation.

(vi) When they acted in the name of Mahatma Gandhi, or linked their movement to that of the Congress, they were identifying with a movement which went beyond the limits of their immediate locality.

Answer 20.
German philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder (1744-1803) claimed that true German culture was to be discovered among the common people – das volk. He popularized true spirit of nation through folksongs, folk poetry and folk dance.

(i) Culture played an important role in creating the idea of the nation. Art and poetry, stories and music helped to express and shape nationalist feelings. Emotions, intuition and mystical feelings were not focused. Their effort was to shared collective heritage, a common cultural past, as the basis of a nation. They criticized the glorification of reason and science.

(ii) Examples:

• German philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder
• Karol Kurpinski

OR
(i) In 1926 a major protest erupted in the Saigon Native Girls School. A Vietnamese girl sitting in one of the front seats was asked to move to the back of the class and allow a local French student to occupy the front bench.

(ii) She refused. The principal, also a colon (French people in the colonies), expelled her. When angry students protested, they too were expelled, leading to a further spread of open protests.

(iii) Seeing the situation getting out of control, the government forced the school to take the students back.

(iv) The principal reluctantly agreed but warned the students, ‘I will crush all Vietnamese under my feet. Ah! You wish my deportation. Know well that I will leave only after I am assured Vietnamese no longer inhabit Cochinchina.’

Answer 21.

1. Awareness
2. mobilization for sharing opinions
3. feeling for nation building
4. Work for bringing social change
5. Honesty in all spheres
6. Accommodation of all differences

Answer 22.
(i) For a long time, the same party ruled both at the Centre and in most of the States. In those days, the Central Government would often misuse the Constitution to dismiss the State governments that were controlled by rival parties. This undermined the spirit of federalism.

(ii) All this changed significantly after 1990. This period saw the rise of regional political parties in many States of the country. This was also the beginning of the era of Coalition Governments at the Centre.

(iii) Since no single party got a clear majority in the Lok Sabha, the major national parties had to enter into an alliance with many parties including several regional parties to form a government at the Centre.

(iv) It led to a new culture of power sharing and respect for the autonomy of State Governments.

(v) This trend was supported by a major judgment of the Supreme Court that made it difficult for the Central Government to dismiss state governments in an arbitrary manner.

Answer 23.

Igneous and metamorphic rocks	Sedimentary rocks
Occur in cracks, crevices, faults and joints	Occur in beds or layers
Also formed when minerals in liquid/molten and gaseous forms are forced upward through cavities towards the earth’s surface; they cool and solidify as they rise.	1. Formed as a result of accumulation and concentration in horizontal strata and great heat and pressure.2.  Formed as result of evaporation in arid regions.
Tin, copper, lead and zinc	1. E.g. Coal, some forms of iron ore2.  E.g. Gypsum, potash and sodium salt

Answer 24.
This has been done by NTPC through the following:

1. Optimum utilisation of equipment adopting latest techniques and upgrading existing equipment.
2. Minimising waste generation by maximising ash utilization.
3. Providing green belts for nurturing ecological balance and addressing the question of special purpose vehicle for afforestation.
4. Reducing environmental pollution through ash pond management, ash water recycling system and liquid waste management.
5. Ecological monitoring reviews and online database management for all its power stations.

Answer 25.
(i) SHG’s are a new source of providing loans to the rural poor particularly women. It may consist of 15-20 members belonging to a neighborhood who meet and save regularly. Their savings may vary from Rs 25 to Rs 100 or more depending on the ability to save. They provide loans to its members according to necessity.

(ii) The rate of interest charged by SHG’s is lesser than that charged by money lender. The SHG helps the borrowers overcome the problem of lack of collateral.

(iii) Small loans are provided to members for instance meeting working capital needs such as buying seeds, raw materials, fertilizers or cloth.

(iv) The group decides on the loans to be granted-the purpose, amount, interests to be charged, repayment schedule etc.

(v) The reason why banks are lending to these groups even without collateral is that in any case of non-repayment of loan, the members of the group seriously follow it up. They are the building blocks of organization of the rural poor. They also discuss certain social issues such as health, nutrition and domestic violence.

Answer 26.

Answer 27.

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