NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Sanskrit Shemushi Chapter 2 स्वर्णकाकः

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Shemushi Sanskrit Class 9 Solutions Chapter 2 स्वर्णकाकः

Class 9 Sanskrit Shemushi Chapter 2 स्वर्णकाकः Textbook Questions and Answers

अभ्यासः

प्रश्न 1.
एकपदेन उत्तर लिखत –

(क) माता काम् आदिशत्?
(ख) स्वर्णकाक: कान् अखादत्?
(ग) प्रासादः कीदृशः वर्तते?
(घ) गृहमागत्य तया का समुद्घटिता?
(ङ) लोभाविष्टा बालिका कीदृशीं मञ्जूषां नमति?
उत्तर:
(क) पुत्रीम्
(ख) तण्डुलान्
(ग) स्वर्णमयः
(घ) मञ्जूषा
(ङ) बृहत्तमाम्

प्रश्न 2.
अधोलिखितानां प्रश्नानाम् उत्तराणि संस्कृतभाषया लिखत –

(क) निर्धनायाः वृद्धायाः दुहिता कीदृशी आसीत्?
(ख) बालिकया पूर्व कीदृशः काकः न दृष्टः आसीत्?
(ग) निधनायाः दुहिता मञ्जूषायां कानि अपश्यत?
(घ) बालिका किं दृष्ट्वा आश्चर्यचकिता जाता?
(ङ) गर्विता बालिका कीदृशं सोपानम् अयाचत् कीदृशं च प्राप्नोत्?
उत्तर:
(क) निर्धनायाः वृद्धायाः दुहिता विनम्रा मनोहरा च आसीत्।
(ख) बालिकया पूर्व एतादृशः स्वर्णपक्षः रजतचञ्चुः स्वर्णकाकः न दृष्टः आसीत्।
(ग) निर्धनायाः दुहिता मञ्जूषायां महाहाणि हीरकाणि अपश्यत्।
(घ) बालिका वृक्षस्य उपरि स्वर्णमयं प्रासादं दृष्ट्वा आश्चर्यचकिता जाता।
(ङ) गर्विता बालिका स्वर्णमय सोपानम् अयाचत् ताम्रमयं च प्राप्नोत्।

प्रश्न 3.
(अ) अधोलिखितानां शब्दानां विलोमपदं पाठात् चित्वा लिखतशब्दाः विलोमपदानि –

शब्दाः – विलोमपदानि
(क) पश्चात् – ………..
(ख) हसितुम् – ………
(ग) अधः – ……………
(घ) श्वेतः – ………….
(ङ) सूर्यास्त: – ………….
(च) सुप्तः – …………..
उत्तर:
शब्दाः – विलोमपदानि
(क) पश्चात् x पूर्वम्
(ख) हसितुम् x रोदितुम्
(ग) अधः x उपरि
(घ) श्वेतः x कृष्णः
(ङ) सूर्यास्त: x सूर्योदयः
(च) सुप्तः x प्रबुद्धः

(आ) सन्धिं कुरुत –

(क) नि + अवसत् – ………….
(ख) सूर्य + उदयः – ………….
(ग) वृक्षस्य + उपरि – ………….
(घ) हि + अकारयत् – ………….
(ङ) च + एकाकिनी – ………….
(च) इति + उक्त्वा – ………….
(छ) प्रति + अवदत् – ………….
(ज) प्र + उक्तम् – ………….
(झ) अत्र + एव – ………….
(ञ) तत्र + उपस्थिता – ………….
(ट) यथा + इच्छम् – ………….
उत्तर:
(क) नि + अवसत् – न्यवसत्
(ख) सूर्य + उदयः – सूर्योदयः
(ग) वृक्षस्य + उपरि – वृक्षस्योपरि
(घ) हि + अकारयत् – ह्यकारयत्
(ङ) च + एकाकिनी – चैकाकिनी
(च) इति + उक्त्वा – इत्युक्त्वा
(छ) प्रति + अवदत् – प्रत्यवदत्
(ज) प्र + उक्तम् – प्रोक्तम्
(झ) अत्र + एव – अत्रैव
(ञ) तत्र + उपस्थिता – तत्रोपस्थिता
(ट) यथा + इच्छम् – यथेच्छम्

प्रश्न 4.
स्थूलपदान्यधिकृत्य प्रश्ननिर्माणं कुरुत –

(क) ग्रामे निर्थना स्वी अवसत्।
(ख) स्वर्णकाकं निवारयन्ती बालिका प्रार्थयत्।
(ग) सूर्योदयात् पूर्वमेव बालिका तत्रोपस्थिता।
(घ) बालिका निर्धनमातुः दुहिता आसीत्।
(ङ) लुब्धा वृद्धा स्वर्णकाकस्य रहस्यमभिज्ञातवती।
उत्तर:
(क) ग्रामे का अवसत्?
(ख) कं निवारयन्ती बालिका प्रार्थयत्?
(ग) कस्मात् पूर्वमेव बालिका तत्रोपस्थिता?
(घ) बालिका कस्याः दुहिता आसीत्?
(ङ) लुब्धा वृद्धा कस्य रहस्यमभिज्ञातवती?

प्रश्न 5.
प्रकृति-प्रत्यय-संयोगं कुरुत (पाठात् चित्वा वा लिखत) –

(क) वि + लोक् + ल्यप् – ………….
(ख) नि – क्षिप् + ल्यप् – ………….
(ग) आ + गम् + ल्यप् – ………….
(घ) दृश् + क्त्वा – ………….
(ङ) शी + क्त्वा – ………….
(च) लघु + तमप् – ………….
उत्तर:
(क) वि + लोक् + ल्यप् – विलोक्य
(ख) नि – क्षिप् + ल्यप् – निक्षिप्य
(ग) आ + गम् + ल्यप् – आगम्य
(घ) दृश् + क्त्वा – दृष्ट्वा
(ङ) शी + क्त्वा – शयित्वा
(च) लघु + तमप् – लघुतम (लघुतमम्)

प्रश्न 6.
प्रकृति-प्रत्यय-विभागं कुरुत –

(क) रोदितुम् – ………….
(ख) दृष्ट्वा – ………….
(ग) विलोक्य – ………….
(घ) निक्षिप्य – ………….
(ङ) आगत्य – ………….
(च) शयित्वा – ………….
(छ) लघुतमम् – ………….
उत्तर:
(क) रोदितुम् – रुद् + तुमुन्
(ख) दृष्ट्वा – दृश् + क्त्वा
(ग) विलोक्य –वि + लोक् + ल्यप्
(घ) निक्षिप्य – नि + क्षिप् + ल्यप्
(ङ) आगत्य – आ + गम् + ल्यप्
(च) शयित्वा – शी + क्त्वा
(छ) लघुतमम् – लघु + तमप्

प्रश्न 7.
अधोलिखितानि कथनानि कः/का, कं/कां च कथयति –

कथनानि – क:/का – कं/काम्
(क) पूर्व प्रातराशः क्रियताम्। – …………. – ………….
(ख) सूर्यातपे तण्डुलान् खगेभ्यो रक्ष। – …………. – ………….
(ग) तण्डुलान् मा भक्षय। – …………. – ………….
(घ) अहं तुभ्यं तण्डुलमूल्यं दास्यामि। – …………. – ………….
(ङ) भो नीचकाक! अहमागता, महां तण्डुलमूल्यं प्रयच्छ। – …………. – ………….
उत्तर:
कथनानि – कः/का – कं/काम्
(क) पूर्व प्रातराशः क्रियताम्। – स्वर्णकाक:बालिकाम्
(ख) सूर्यातपे तण्डुलान् खगेभ्यो रक्ष। – वृद्धा मातापुत्रीम्
(ग) तण्डुलान् मा भक्षया – बालिकास्वर्णकाकम्
(घ) अहं तुभ्यं तण्डुलमूल्यं दास्यामि। – स्वर्णकाकःबालिकाम्
(ङ) भो नीचकाक! अहमागता, मां तण्डुलमूल्यं प्रयच्छ। – लुब्धायाः पुत्रीस्वर्णकाकम्

प्रश्न 8.
उदाहरणमनुसृत्य कोष्ठकगतेषु पदेषु पञ्चमीविभक्तेः प्रयोगं कृत्वा रिक्तस्थानानि पूरयत –

यथा-मूषक: बिलाद् बहिः निर्गच्छति। (बिल)
(क) जनः …………. बहिः आगच्छति। (ग्राम)
(ख) नद्यः …………. निस्सन्ति। (पर्वत)
(ग) …………. पत्राणि पतन्ति। (वृक्ष)
(घ) बालकः …………. बिभेति। (सिंह)
(ङ) ईश्वरः …………. त्रायते। (क्लेश)
(च) प्रभुः भक्तं …………. निवारयति। (पाप)
उत्तर:
(क) ग्रामात्
(ख) पर्वतात्/पर्वतेभ्यः
(ग) वृक्षात्
(घ) सिंहात्
(छ) क्लेशात्
(च) पापात्

Class 9 Sanskrit Shemushi Chapter 2 स्वर्णकाकः Additional Important Questions and Answers

अतिरिक्त कार्यम्

प्रश्न 1.
निम्नलिखितम् अनुच्छेदं पठित्वा तदाधारिताना प्रश्नानाम् उत्तराणि लिखत –

1. पुरा कस्मिंश्चिद् ग्रामे एका निधना वृद्धा स्त्री न्यवसत्। तस्याः च एका दुहिता विनमा मनोहरा चासीत्। एकदा माता स्थाल्या तण्डुलान् निक्षिप्य पुत्रीम् आदिशत्। “सूर्यातपे तण्डुलान् खगेभ्यो रक्षा” किञ्चित् कालादनन्तरम् एको विचित्रः काकः समुड्डीय तस्याः समीपम् अगच्छत्

(i) एकपदेन उत्तरत (केवलं प्रश्नद्वयमेव)

  1. वृद्धा स्त्री कीदृशी आसीत्?
  2. वृद्धायाः कीदृशी दुहिता आसीत्?
  3. निर्धनास्त्री कुत्र न्यवसत्?

उत्तर:

  1. निर्धना
  2. विनम्रा
  3. कस्मिंश्चिद्ग्रामे

(ii) पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरत (केवलं प्रश्नमेकमेव)

  1. किञ्चित्कालानन्तरम् किम् अभवत्?
  2. दुहिता कीदृशी आसीत?

उत्तर:

  1. किञ्चित्कालानन्तरम् एको विचित्रः काकः समुड्डीय तस्याः समीपम् अगच्छत्।
  2. दुहिता विनम्रा मनोहरा चासीत्।

(iii) भाषिककार्यम् (केवलं प्रश्नत्रयमेव)

  1. अनुच्छेदे ‘न्यवसत्’ इति क्रियापदस्य कर्तृपदं किमस्ति?
  2. ‘दुहिता विनम्रा’ अनयोः पदयोः विशेषणपदं किम्?
  3. अस्मिन् अनुच्छेदे ‘धनवती’ इति पदस्य कः विपर्ययः आगतोऽस्ति?
  4. पुत्री इत्यर्थे किं पदं प्रयुक्तम्?

उत्तर:

  1. स्त्री
  2. विनम्रा
  3. निर्धना
  4. दुहिता

2. नैतादृशः स्वर्णपक्षो रजतचञ्चुः स्वर्णकाकस्तया पूर्व दृष्टः। तं तण्डुलान् खावन्तं हसन्तञ्च विलोक्य बालिका रोदितुमारब्धा। तं निवारयन्ती सा प्रार्थयत्-“तण्डुलान् मा भक्षया मदीया माता अतीव निर्धना वर्तते।” स्वर्णपक्षः काकः प्रोवाच, “मा शुचः। सूर्योदयात्प्राग् ग्रामाबहिः पिप्पलवृक्षमनु त्वया आगन्तव्यम्। अहं तुभ्यं तण्डुलमूल्यं दास्यामि।” ङ्केप्रहबिता बालिका निनामपि न लेभा

(i) एकपदेन उत्तरत (केवलं प्रश्नद्वयमेव)

  1. स्वर्णकाकस्य चञ्चुः कीदृशः आसीत्?
  2. बालिकायाः माता कीदृशी आसीत्?
  3. क: तण्डुलान् अखादत्?

उत्तर:

  1. रजतस्य
  2. निर्धना
  3. स्वर्णकाक:

(ii) पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरत (केवलं प्रश्नमेकमेव)

  1. स्वर्णकाकं निवारयन्ती सा कि प्रार्थयत्?
  2. स्वर्णकाकः किम् अवदत्?

उत्तर:

  1. स्वर्णकाकं निवारयन्ती सा प्रार्थयत्-“तण्डुलान् मा भक्षय। मदीया माता अतीव निर्धना वर्तते।”
  2. स्वर्णकाकः प्रोवाच मा शुचः। सूर्योदयात्प्राग् ग्रामाद्बहिः पिप्पवृक्षमनु त्वया आगन्तव्यम्। अहं तुभ्यं तण्डुलमूल्यं दास्यामि।

(iii) भाषिककार्यम् (केवलं प्रश्नत्रयमेव)

  1. अनुच्छेदे ‘हसितुम्’ इत्यस्य पदस्य कः विपर्ययः लिखितः?
  2. रोदितुमारब्धा’ इत्यस्याः क्रियायाः अनुच्छेदे कर्तृपदं कि वर्तते?
  3. ‘प्रहर्षिता बालिका निद्रामपि न लेभे’। अत्र वाक्ये विशेषणपदं किमस्ति?
  4. ‘दृष्ट्वा ‘ इत्यर्थे किं पदं प्रयुक्तम्?

उत्तर:

  1. रोदितुम्
  2. बालिका
  3. प्रहर्षिता
  4. विलोक्य

3. सूर्योदयात्पूर्वमेव सा तत्रोपस्थिता। वृक्षस्योपरि विलोक्य सा च आश्चर्यचकिता सजाता यत् तत्र स्वर्णमयः प्रासादो वर्तते। यदा काकः शयित्वा प्रबुद्धस्तदा तेन स्वर्णगवाक्षात्कथितं “हहो बाले! त्वमागता, तिष्ठ, अहं त्वत्कृते सोपानमवतारयामि, तत्कथय स्वर्णमयं रजतमयम् तासमय वा”? कन्या अवदत्-“अहं निर्धनमातुः दुहिता अस्मि। तानसोपानेनैव आगमिष्यामि।” परं स्वर्णसोपानेन सा स्वर्णभवनम् आरोहत्

(i) एकपदेन उत्तरत (केवलं प्रश्नद्वयमेव)

  1. सूर्योदयात् पूर्वमेव का तत्र उपस्थिता?
  2. कन्या कस्याः दुहिता आसी?
  3. काकः किं कृत्वा प्रबुद्धः?

उत्तर:

  1. बालिका (सा)
  2. निर्धनमातुः
  3. शयित्वा

(ii) पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरत (केवलं प्रश्नमेकमेव)

  1. स्वर्णगवाक्षात् काकेन किं कथितम्?
  2. कन्या किं प्रावोचत्?

उत्तर:

  1. स्वर्णगवाक्षात् काकेन कथितम्-हंहो बाले! त्वमागता, तिष्ठ, अहं त्वत्कृते सोपानमवतारयामि।
  2. कन्या प्रावोचत् अहं निर्धनमातुर्दुहिताऽस्मिा ताम्रसोपानेनैव आगमिष्यामि।

(iii) भाषिककार्यम् (केवलं प्रश्नत्रयमेव)

  1. ‘अधः’ इत्यस्य पदस्य कः विपर्ययः अनुच्छेदे लिखितोऽस्ति?
  2. ‘अहं निर्धनमातुः दुहिता अस्मि’। अत्र वाक्ये ‘अहम्’ इति कर्तृपदस्य क्रियापदं किम्?
  3. अनुच्छेदे ‘ताम्रमयं सोपानम्’ अनयो: पदयोः विशेषणपदं किमस्ति?
  4. अस्ति’ इत्यर्थे कि पदं प्रयुक्तम्?

उत्तर:

  1. उपरि
  2. अस्मि
  3. ताम्रमयं
  4. वर्तते

4. चिरकाल भवने चित्रविचित्रवस्तूनि सज्जितानि दृष्ट्वा सा विस्मयं गता। श्रान्तां तां विलोक्य काकः अवदत् “पूर्व लघुप्रातराशः क्रियताम्-वद त्वं स्वर्णस्थाल्यां भोजनं करिष्यसि किं वा रजतस्थाल्याम् उत ताम्रस्थाल्याम्”? बालिका अवदत्-ताप्रस्थाल्याम् एव अहं-“निर्धना भोजनं करिष्यामि।” तदा सा आश्चर्यचकिता सञ्जाता यदा स्वर्णकाकेन स्वर्णस्थाल्यां भोजनं पर्यवेषितम्। न एतादृशम् स्वादु भोजनमद्यावधि बालिका खादितवती। काकोऽववत्-“बालिके! अहमिच्छामि यत् त्वम् सर्वदा अत्रैव तिष्ठ परं तव माता तु एकाकिनी वर्तते। अतः त्वं शीघ्रमेव स्वगृहं गच्छ ।”

(i) एकपदेन उत्तरत (केवलं प्रश्नद्वयमेव)

  1. कीदृशीं तां विलोक्य काकः प्राह?
  2. बालिका कीदृशं भोजनम् अद्यावधि न खादितवती?
  3. कीदृशानिवस्तूनि दृष्ट्वा सा विस्मयं गता?

उत्तर:

  1. श्रान्ताम्
  2. स्वादु
  3. चित्रविचित्रवस्तूनि

(ii) पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरत (केवलं प्रश्नमेकमेव)

  1. सा बालिका कथं विस्मयं गता?
  2. काकः किम् अवदत्

उत्तर:

  1. चिरकाल भवने चित्रविचित्रवस्तूनि सज्जितानि दृष्ट्वा सा विस्मयं गता।
  2. काकः अवदत् बालिके। अहमिच्छामि यत्त्वं सर्वदा अत्रैव तिष्ठ पर तव माता तु एकाकिनी वर्तते। त्वं शीघ्रमेव स्वगृहं गच्छ।

(iii) भाषिककार्यम् (केवलं प्रश्नत्रयमेव)

  1. तदा सा कन्या आश्चर्यचकिता सञ्जाता’। अस्मिन् वाक्ये विशेषणपदं किमस्ति?
  2. अनुच्छेदे ‘जननी’ इत्यस्य पदस्य कः पर्यायः लिखितः?
  3. ‘त्वम्’ इत्यस्य कर्तृपदस्य अनुच्छेदे क्रियापदं किमस्ति?
  4. ‘दृष्ट्वा ‘ इत्यर्थे किम् पदं प्रयुक्तम्?

उत्तर:

  1. आश्चर्यचकिता
  2. माता
  3. तिष्ठ
  4. विलोक्य

5. इत्युक्त्वा काकः कक्षाभ्यन्तरात् तिनः मञ्जूषाः निस्सार्य तां प्रत्यवदत् “बालिके! यथेच्छ गृहाण मञ्जूषामेकाम्।” लघुतमा मञ्जूषां प्रगृह्य बालिकया कथितम् इयत् एव मदीयतण्डुलानां मूल्यम्। गृहमागत्य तया मञ्जूषा समुद्घाटिता, तस्यां महार्हाणि हीरकाणि विलोक्य सा प्रहर्षिता तहिनाद्धनिका च सजाता

(i) एकपदेन उत्तरत (केवलं प्रश्नद्वयमेव)

  1. काकः कक्षाभ्यन्तरात् कति मञ्जूषाः निस्सारयति?
  2. कीदृशी मञ्जूषां प्रगृह्य बालिका कथितम्?
  3. किं विलोक्य सा प्रहर्षिता सञाता?

उत्तर:

  1. तिस्रः
  2. लघुतमाम्
  3. हीरकाणि

(ii) पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरत (केवलं प्रश्नमेकमेव)

  1. मञ्जूषायां कानि विलोक्य सा बालिका प्रहर्षिता अभवत्?
  2. काकः किं अवदत्?

उत्तर:

  1. मञ्जूषायां महार्हाणि हीरकाणि विलोक्य सा बालिका प्रहर्षिता अभवत्।
  2. बालिके! यथेच्छं गृहाण मञ्जूषामेकाम्।

(iii) भाषिककार्यम् (केवलं प्रश्नत्रयमेव)

  1. ‘प्रत्यवदत्’ इति क्रियापदस्य अनुच्छेदे कर्तृपदं किमस्ति?
  2. अनुच्छेदे ‘सा’ इति कर्तृपदस्य क्रियापदं किम् आगतम्?
  3. “निष्क्रम्य’ इति पदस्य कः विपर्ययः अत्र अनुच्छेदे लिखितः?
  4. ‘ग्रहणं कुरु’ इत्यर्थे किं पदं प्रयुक्तम्?

उत्तर:

  1. काकः
  2. सजाता
  3. आगत्य
  4. गृहाण

6. तस्मिन्नेव ग्रामे एका अपरा लुब्धा वृद्धा न्यवसत्। तस्या अपि एका पुत्री आसीत्। ईयया सा तस्य स्वर्णकाकस्य रहस्यम् ज्ञातवती। सूर्यातपे तण्डुलान् निक्षिप्य तयापि स्वसुता रक्षार्थं नियुक्ता। तथैव स्वर्णपक्षः काकः तण्डुलान् भक्षयन् तामपि तत्रैवाकारयत्। प्रातस्तत्र गत्वा सा काकं निर्भर्त्सयन्ती प्रावोचत्-“भो नीचकाक! अहमागता, मां तण्डुलमूल्यं प्रयच्छ।” काकोऽब्रवीत्-“अहं त्वत्कृते सोपानम् अवतारयामि। तत्कथय स्वर्णमयं रजतमय तासमयं वा।” गर्वितया बालिकया प्रोक्तम्-“स्वर्णमयेन सोपानेन अहम् आगच्छामि।” परं स्वर्णकाकस्तत्कृते तासमयं सोपानमेव प्रायच्छत्। स्वर्णकाकस्तां भोजनमपि तानभाजने एव अकारयत्

(i) एकपदेन उत्तरत (केवलं प्रश्नद्वयमेव)

  1. तस्मिन् एव ग्रामे कीदृशी वृद्धा न्यवसत्?
  2. स्वर्णकाकः तां बालिका कस्मिन् भोजनम् अकारयत्?
  3. लुब्धा वृद्धायाः एका का आसीत्?

उत्तर:

  1. लुब्धा
  2. ताम्रभाजने
  3. पुत्री

(ii) पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरत (केवलं प्रश्नमेकमेव)

  1. सा वृद्धा ईर्ष्णया किम् अभिज्ञातवतो?
  2. तस्मिन्नेव ग्रामे एकाऽपरा कीदृशी वृद्धा न्यवसत्?

उत्तर:

  1. सा वृद्धा ईयया तस्य स्वर्णकाकस्य रहस्यम् अभिज्ञातवती।
  2. तस्मिन्नेव ग्रामे एकाऽपरा लुब्धा वृद्धा न्यवसत्।

(iii) भाषिककार्यम् (केवलं प्रश्नत्रयमेव)

  1. अनुच्छेदे ‘अकारयत्’ इति क्रियायाः कर्तृपदं किम्?
  2. अनुच्छेदे ‘लुब्धा वृद्धा’ इति कर्तृपदस्य क्रियापदं किमस्ति?
  3. ‘प्रशंसयन्ती’ इति पदस्य कः विपर्ययः अनुच्छेदे आगतः?
  4. ‘वसति स्म’ इति अर्थ किं पदं प्रयुक्तम्?

उत्तर:

  1. स्वर्णकाकः
  2. न्यवसत्
  3. निर्भर्त्सयन्ती
  4. न्यवसत्

प्रश्न 7.
प्रतिनिवृत्तिकाले स्वर्णकाकेन कक्षाभ्यन्तरात् तिम्रः मञ्जूषाः तत्पुरः समुत्क्षिप्ताः। लोभाविष्टा सा बृहत्तमा मञ्जूषां गृहीतवती। गृहमागत्य सा तर्षिता यावद् मञ्जूषामुद्घाटयति तावत् तस्या भीषणः कृष्णसर्पो विलोकितः। लुब्धया बालिकया लोभस्य फलं प्राप्तम्। तदनन्तरं सा लोभ पर्यत्यजत्

(i) एकपदेन उत्तरत (केवलं प्रश्नद्वयमेव)

  1. केन तिनः मञ्जूषाः कन्यायाः पुरः समुत्क्षिप्ता:?
  2. लोभाविष्टा सा कन्या कीदृशीं मञ्जूषां गृहीतवती?
  3. मञ्जूषाम् उद्घाट्य सा किम् पश्यति?

उत्तर:

  1. स्वर्णकाकेन
  2. बृहत्तमाम्
  3. कृष्णसर्पः

(ii) पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरत (केवलं प्रश्नमेकमेव)

  1. गृहमागत्य यदा सा तर्षिता मञ्जूषाम् उद्घाटयति तदा कं विलोकयति?
  2. लुब्धया बालिकया कस्य फल प्राप्तम्?

उत्तर:

  1. गृहमागत्य यदा सा तर्षिता मञ्जूषाम् उद्घाटयति तदा तस्यां भीषणं कृष्णसर्प विलोकयति।
  2. लुब्धया बालिकया लोभस्य प्राप्तम्।

(iii) भाषिककार्यम् (केवलं प्रश्नत्रयमेव)

  1. अनुच्छेदे ‘समुत्क्षिप्ताः’ इति क्रियायाः कर्तृपदं किम्?
  2. अस्मिन् अनुच्छेदे ‘लोभाविष्टा’ इति विशेषणं कस्यै आगतम्?
  3. ‘तदनन्तरं सा लोभं पर्यत्यजत्’। अत्र अव्ययपदं किमस्ति?
  4. तस्य समक्षे’ इत्यर्थे किं पदं प्रयुक्तम्?

उत्तर:

  1. स्वर्णकाकेन
  2. बालिकार्य
  3. अनन्तरम्
  4. तत्पुरः

प्रश्न 2.
निम्नवाक्येषु रेखाङ्कित पदानां स्थानेषु प्रश्नवाचकं पदं लिखत –

प्रश्न 1.
पुरा कस्मिंश्चिद् ग्रामे एका वृद्धा न्यवसत्।
(क) क;
(ख) का
(ग) किम्
(घ) के
उत्तर:
(ख) का

प्रश्न 2.
तस्याः दुहिता विनम्रा मनोहरा च आसीत्।
(क) का
(ख) कीदृशम्
(ग) कीदृशः
(घ) कीदृशी
उत्तर:
(घ) कीदृशी

प्रश्न 3.
सा पुत्रीम् आदिदेश।
(क) काम्
(ख) कम्
(ग) किम्
(घ) कथम्
उत्तर:
(क) काम्

प्रश्न 4.
सूर्यातपे तण्डुलान् खगेभ्यो रक्ष।
(क) कथम्
(ख) काभ्यः
(ग) केभ्यः
(घ) कस्यै
उत्तर:
(ग) केभ्यः

प्रश्न 5.
तदा एक: विचित्रः काकः समुड्डीय ताम् उपाजगाम।
(क) के
(ख) काः
(ग) क:
(घ) कीदृशः
उत्तर:
(ग) क:

प्रश्न 6.
सा प्रार्थयत् – तण्डुलान् मा भक्षय।
(क) का
(ख) कः
(ग) के
(घ) काः
उत्तर:
(क) का

प्रश्न 7.
प्रहर्षिता बालिका निद्राम् अपि न लेभे।
(क) कथम्
(ख) कीदृशी
(ग) कीदृशः
(घ) कीदृशम्
उत्तर:
(ख) कीदृशी

प्रश्न 8.
अहं तुभ्यं तण्डुलमूल्यं प्रदास्यामि।
(क) कम्
(ख) कस्यै
(ग) केभ्यः
(घ) काभ्यः
उत्तर:
(ख) कस्यै

प्रश्न 9.
वृक्षस्य उपरि विलोक्य सा आश्चर्यचकिता सञ्जाता।
(क) का
(ख) काः
(ग) कीदृशः
(घ) कीदृशी
उत्तर:
(घ) कीदृशी

प्रश्न 10.
अहं त्वत्कृते सोपानम् अवतारयामि।
(क) किम्
(ख) कम्
(ग) काम्
(घ) कथम्
उत्तर:
(क) किम्

प्रश्न 11.
अहं निर्धनमातुः दुहिता अस्मि।
(क) कस्याः
(ख) कस्य
(ग) कः
(घ) का
उत्तर:
(क) कस्याः

प्रश्न 12.
श्रान्तां तां विलोक्य काकः प्राह।
(क) के
(ख) कथम्
(ग) काः
(घ) कः
उत्तर:
(घ) कः

प्रश्न 13.
अहं निर्धना ताम्रस्थाल्याम् एव भोजनं करिष्यामि।।
(क) कस्याम्
(ख) के।
(ग) काः
(घ) काभ्यः
उत्तर:
(क) कस्याम्

प्रश्न 14.
तव माता एकाकिनी वर्तते।
(क) किम्
(ख) कस्याः
(ग) के
उत्तर:
(ख) कस्याः

प्रश्न 15.
त्वं शीघ्रमेव स्वगृहं गच्छ।
(क) कीदृशः
(ख) कस्यै
(ग) का
(घ) कुत्र
उत्तर:
(घ) कुत्र

प्रश्न 16.
काकः कक्षाभ्यन्तरात् तिस्रः मञ्जूषाः निस्सार्य अवदत्।
(क) कति
(ख) कथम्
(ग) किम्
(घ) काम्
(घ) का
उत्तर:
(क) कति

प्रश्न 17.
लघुतमा मञ्जूषां प्रगृह्य बालिकया कथितम्।
(क) कम्
(ख) कया
(ग) कस्याः
(घ) काम्
उत्तर:
(ख) कया

प्रश्न 18.
तत्रैव एका अपरा लुब्धा वृद्धा न्यवसत्।
(क) कः
(ख) किम्
(ग) केभ्यः
(घ) का
उत्तर:
(घ) का

प्रश्न 19.
ईय॑या सा स्वर्णकाकस्य रहस्यम् अभिज्ञातवती।
(क) कथम्/कया
(ख) का
(ग) कस्मै
उत्तर:
(क) कथम्/कया

प्रश्न 20.
तथा अपि स्वसुता तण्डुलरक्षार्थं नियुक्ता।
(क) कथम्
(ख) के
(ग) कः
उत्तर:
(घ) का

प्रश्न 21.
महयं तण्डुलमूल्यं प्रयच्छ।
(क) कस्याः
(ख) किम्
उत्तर:
(ख) किम्

प्रश्न 22.
स्वर्णमयेन सोपानेन अहम् आगच्छामि।।
(क) कीदृशेण
(ख) कीदृशी
(ग) काभ्यः
उत्तर:
(क) कीदृशेण

प्रश्न 23.
लोभाविष्टा सा बृहत्तमा मञ्जूषां गृहीतवती।
(क) के
(ख) कस्याः
(ग) का
(घ) कीदृशी
उत्तर:
(घ) कीदृशी

प्रश्न 24.
तस्यां तया भीषणः सर्पः विलोकितः।
(क) कः
(ख) कम्
(ग) का
(घ) कम्
उत्तर:
(क) कः

प्रश्न 25.
लुब्धया बालिकया लोभस्य फलं प्राप्तम्।
(क) क;
(ख) किम्
(ग) केभ्यः
(घ) कस्य
उत्तर:
(घ) कस्य

प्रश्न 3.
निम्नवाक्यानि घटनाक्रमानुसारं पुनर्लिखत –

प्रश्न 1.

  1. बालिका सूर्योदयात् पूर्वम् एव तत्र उपस्थिता अभवत्।
  2. यदा मञ्जूषां सा उद्घाटितवती तदा तस्यां महाणि हीरकाणि दृष्ट्वा सा प्रसन्ना जाता।
  3. यदा काकः शचित्वा प्रबुद्धः जातः तदा सः स्वर्णगवाक्षात् अवदत्।
  4. कस्मिंश्चिद् ग्रामे एका धनहीना वृद्धा स्त्री अवसत्।
  5. बालिका अकथयत्-अहं ताम्रस्थाल्यामेव भोजनं करिष्यामि।
  6. बालिके! त्वम् आगता? तिष्ठ, अहं त्वत्कृते सोपानम् अवतारयामि।
  7. सा काकं भर्त्सयन्ती अवदत्।
  8. परं स्वर्णसोपानेन सा स्वर्णभवनम् आससाद।

उत्तर:

  1. कस्मिंश्चिद् ग्रामे एका धनहीना वृद्धा स्त्री अवसत्।
  2. बालिका सूर्योदयात् पूर्वम् एव तत्र उपस्थिता अभवत्।
  3. यदा काकः शचित्वा प्रबुद्धः जातः तदा सः स्वर्णगवाक्षात् अवदत्।
  4. बालिके। त्वम् आगता? तिष्ठ, अहं त्वत्कृते सोपानम् अवतारयामि।
  5. परं स्वर्णसोपानेन सा स्वर्णभवनम् आससाद।
  6. बालिका अकथयत् – अहं ताम्रस्थाल्यामेव भोजनं करिष्यामि।
  7. यदा मञ्जूषां सा उद्घाटितवती तदा तस्यां महाहाणि हीरकाणि दृष्ट्वा सा प्रसन्ना जाता।
  8. सा काकं भर्ल्सयन्ती अवदत्।

प्रश्न 2.

  1. इति उक्त्वा काकः कक्षायाः अभ्यन्तरात् तिस्रः मञ्जूषा: निस्सारयत्।
  2. लोभाविष्टा सा बृहत्तमा मञ्जूषां गृहीतवती।
  3. भो नीचकाक! अहम् आगता अस्मि। मह्यं तण्डुलमूल्यं प्रयच्छ।
  4. किञ्चित् कालात् अनन्तरं एकः विचित्रः काकः तत्र तामुपाजगाम।
  5. एकस्याः वृद्धायाः एका विनम्रा मनोहरा च कन्या आसीत्।
  6. कन्या प्रावोचत्-अहं निर्धन मातुः कन्या अस्मि। अतः ताम्र सोपानेन एव आगमिष्यामि।
  7. तस्मिन्नेव ग्रामे एका अपरा लुब्धा वृद्धा स्त्री अवसत्।
  8. एकदा सा पुत्रीम् आदिदेश-सूर्यातपे तण्डुलात् खगेभ्यो त्वं रक्ष।

उत्तर:

  1. एकस्याः वृद्धायाः एका विनम्रा मनोहरा च कन्या आसीत्।
  2. एकदा सा पुत्रीम् आदिदेश-सूर्यातपे तण्डुलात् खगेभ्यो त्वं रक्ष।
  3. किञ्चित् कालात् अनन्तरं एक: विचित्रः काकः तत्र तामुपाजगाम।
  4. कन्या प्रावोचत्-अहं निर्धन मातुः कन्या अस्मि। अतः ताम्र सोपानेन एव आगमिष्यामि।
  5. इति उक्त्वा काकः कक्षायाः अभ्यन्तरात् तिम्रः मञ्जूषाः निस्सारयत्।
  6. तस्मिन्नेव ग्रामे एका अपरा लुब्धा वृद्धा स्त्री अवसत्।
  7. भो नीचकाक! अहम् आगता अस्मि। मह्यं तण्डुलमूल्यं प्रयच्छ।
  8. लोभाविष्टा सा बृहत्तमा मञ्जूषां गृहीतवती।

प्रश्न 3.

  1. गृहम् आगत्य यदा सा मञ्जूषाम् उद्घाटयति तदा तस्मिन् एवं कृष्णसर्पम् अपश्यत्।
  2. हे नीच काक! अहम् आगता अस्मि, मह्यं तण्डुलानां मूल्यं प्रयच्छ।
  3. तदनन्तरं सा लोभम् अत्यजत्।
  4. तस्मिन् एवं ग्रामे एका लुब्धा वृद्धा अपि न्यवसत्।
  5. गर्विता बालिका अवदत्-अहं स्वर्णमयेन सोपानेव एव आगमिष्यामि।
  6. लुब्धया कन्यया लोभस्य फलं प्राप्तम्।
  7. तस्याः अपि एका ईर्ष्यालु: कन्या अपि आसीत्।
  8. सूर्यातपे सापि तण्डुलान् निक्षिप्य स्वसुता तेषां रक्षार्थ नियुक्तवती।

उत्तर:

  1. तस्मिन् एव ग्रामे एका लुब्धा वृद्धा अपि न्यवसत्।
  2. तस्याः अपि एका ईर्ष्यालुः कन्या अपि आसीत्।
  3. सूर्यातपे सापि तण्डुलान् निक्षिप्य स्वसुतां तेषां रक्षार्थ नियुक्तवती।
  4. हे नीच काक! अहम् आगता अस्मि, महयं तण्डुलानां मूल्यं प्रयच्छ।
  5. गर्विता बालिका अवदत्-अहं स्वर्णमयेन सोपानेव एव आगमिष्यामि।
  6. गृहम् आगत्य यदा सा मञ्जूषाम् उद्घाटयति तदा तस्मिन् एवं कृष्णसर्पम् अपश्यत्।
  7. लुब्धया कन्यया लोभस्य फलं प्राप्तम्।
  8. तदनन्तर सा लोभम् अत्यजत्।

प्रश्न 4.
निम्न पदानां पर्यायपदानि मेलयत-

पदानि – पर्यायः

  1. निर्धना – अवदत्
  2. एकदा – तस्याः समक्षे
  3. पुरा – शोकं कुरु
  4. माता – अतीव प्रसन्ना
  5. शुचः – स्वर्णशरीरम्
  6. प्रबुद्धः – अद्यपर्यन्तम्
  7. स्वर्णमयम् – निक्षिप्ताः
  8. चिरकालम् – दृष्ट्वा
  9. दुहिता – असन्तुष्टा (उत्कण्ठिता)
  10. विस्मयम् – एकवारम् (एकस्मिन् दिवसे)
  11. प्राह – खादन्
  12. अद्यावधि – प्राचीने काले
  13. प्रगृह्य – जागरितः
  14. विलोक्य – दीर्धकालम्
  15. प्रहर्षिता – जननी
  16. भक्षयन् – गृहीत्वा
  17. तत्पुरः – धनहीना
  18. समुत्क्षिप्ताः – आश्चर्यम्
  19. पर्यत्यजत् – तुभ्यम्
  20. तर्षिता – सुता
  21. त्वत्कृते – त्यक्तवती

उत्तर:

पदानि – पर्यायः

  1. निर्धना – धनहीना
  2. एकदा – एकवारम् (एकस्मिन् दिवसे)
  3. पुरा – प्राचीनेकाले
  4. माता – जननी
  5. शुचः – शोकं कुरु
  6. प्रबुद्धः – जागरितः
  7. स्वर्णमयम् – स्वर्णशरीरम्
  8. चिरकालम् – दीर्घकालम्
  9. दुहिता – सुता
  10. विस्मयम् -आश्चर्यम्
  11. प्राह – अवदत्
  12. अद्यावधि – अद्यपर्यन्तम्
  13. प्रगृह्य – गृहीत्वा
  14. विलोक्य – दृष्ट्वा
  15. प्रहर्षिता – अतीव प्रसन्ना
  16. भक्षयन् – खादन्
  17. तत्पुरः – तस्याः समक्षे
  18. समुत्क्षिप्ताः – निक्षिप्ता:
  19. पर्यत्यजत् – त्यक्तवती
  20. तर्षिता – असन्तुष्टा (उत्कण्ठिता)
  21. त्वत्कृते – तुभ्यम्

प्रश्न 5.
‘क’ स्तम्भे विशेषणानि ‘ख’ स्तम्भे विशेष्याणि दत्तानि। तानि समुचित योजयत –

‘क’ स्तम्भ – ‘ख’ स्तम्भ

  1. वृद्धा – स्वर्णकाक:
  2. मनोहरा – माता
  3. कस्मिंश्चिद् – बालिका
  4. स्वर्णपक्ष: – भवनम्
  5. निर्धना – मञ्जूषा
  6. प्रहर्षिता – सा
  7. स्वर्णमयम् – काक:
  8. आश्चर्यचकिता – ग्राम
  9. प्रबुद्धः – दुहिता
  10. एकाकिनी – माता
  11. इयत् – स्त्री
  12. तिस्रः – मूल्यम्

उत्तर:

‘क’ स्तम्भ – ‘ख’ स्तम्भ

  1. वृद्धा – स्त्री
  2. मनोहरा – दुहिता
  3. कस्मिंश्चिद् – ग्रामे
  4. स्वर्णपक्ष: – स्वर्णकाकः
  5. निर्धना – माता
  6. प्रहर्षिता – बालिका
  7. स्वर्णमयम् – भवनम्
  8. आश्चर्यचकिता – सा
  9. प्रबुद्धः – काकः
  10. एकाकिनी – माता
  11. इयत् – मूल्यम्
  12. तिस्रः – मञ्जूषा

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Sanskrit Shemushi Chapter 1 भारतीवसन्तगीतिः

We have given detailed NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Sanskrit Shemushi Chapter 1 भारतीवसन्तगीतिः Questions and Answers come in handy for quickly completing your homework.

Shemushi Sanskrit Class 9 Solutions Chapter 1 भारतीवसन्तगीतिः

Class 9 Sanskrit Shemushi Chapter 1 भारतीवसन्तगीतिः Textbook Questions and Answers

अभ्यासः

प्रश्न 1.
एकपदेन उत्तरं लिखत –

(क) कविः कां सम्बोधयति?
(ख) कविः वाणी का वादयितुं प्रार्थयति?
(ग) कीदृशीं वीणां निनादायितुं प्राथयति?
(घ) गीति कथं गातुं कथयति?
(ङ) सरसा: रसालाः कदा लसन्ति?
उत्तर:
(क) वाणीम्
(ख) वीणाम्
(ग) नवीनाम्
(घ) मृदुम्
(ङ) वसन्ते

प्रश्न 2.
अधोलिखितानां प्रश्नानामुत्तराणि संस्कृतभाषया लिखत –

(क) कविः वाणी किं कथयति?
(ख) वसन्ते किं भवति?
(ग) सलिलं तव वीणाम् आकर्ण्य कथम् उच्चलेत?
(घ) कविः भगवती भारती कस्याः तीरे मधुमाधवीनां नतां पङ्किम् अवलोक्य वीणां वादयितुं कथयति?
उत्तर:
(क) कविः वाणी वीणां निनादयितुं कथयति।
(ख) वसन्ते मधुरमञ्जरीपिञ्जरी भूतमालाः सरसा: रसाला: लसन्ति एवं ललित कोकिला काकलीनां कलापाः शोभन्ते।
(ग) सलिलं तव वीणाम् आकर्ण्य सलीलम् उच्चलेत्।
(घ) कविः भगवती भारती कलिन्दात्मजायाः (यमुनाया:) सवानीरतीरे मधुमाधवीनां नतां पङ्क्तिम् अवलोक्य वीणां वादयितुं कथयति।

प्रश्न 3.
‘क’ स्तम्भे पदानि, ‘ख’ स्तम्भे तेषां पर्यायपदानि वत्तानि। तानि चित्वा पदानां समक्षे लिखत –
‘क’ स्तम्भः – ‘ख’ स्तम्भः

(क) सरस्वती – (1) तीरे
(ख) आम्रम् – (2) अलीनाम्
(ग) पवनः – (3) समीरः
(घ) तटे – (4) वाणी
(ङ) भ्रमराणाम् – (5) रसाल:
उत्तर:
‘क’ स्तम्भः – ‘ख’ स्तम्भः
(क) सरस्वती – वाणी
(ख) आम्रम् – रसाल:
(ग) पवनः – समीरः
(घ) तटे – तीरे
(ङ) भ्रमराणाम् – अलीनाम्

प्रश्न 4.
अधोलिखितानि पदानि प्रयुज्य संस्कृतभाषया वाक्यरचना कुरुत –

(क) निनादय
(ख) मन्दमन्दम्
(ग) मारुतः
(घ) सलिलम्
(ङ) सुमनः
उत्तर:
पद – वाक्यरचनां
(क) निनादय – हे वाणि! त्वं स्ववीणां निनादय।
(ख) मन्दमन्दम् – तत्र मन्दमन्दम् पवन: वहति।
(ग) मारुतः – पर्वतेषु अहर्निशम् मारुतः प्रवहति।
(घ) सलिलम् – जलस्य पर्यायः सलिलम् अपि भवति।
(ङ) सुमनः – सुमनः धरायाः शृङ्गारः भवति।

प्रश्न 5.
प्रथमश्लोकस्य आशयं हिन्दीभाषया आङ्ग्लभाषया वा लिखतउत्तर: प्रथम श्लोकस्य आशयः
उत्तर:
हिन्दी भाषायाम् – इस समय वसंत ऋतु में मीठी बौरों से सरस अथवा सुशोभित हुई आम के वृक्षों की पंक्तियाँ दिखाई दे रही हैं और उनपर मीठी आवाज़ से युक्त कोयलों के समूह शोभा पा रहे हैं।
English – In the spring season the lines of mango trees decorated with a cluster of sweet buds are visible and enhancing the flight of sweet singing cuckoos sitting among them.

प्रश्न 6.
अधोलिखितपदानां विलोमपदानि लिखत –

(क) कठोराम्
(ख) कटु
(ग) शीघ्रम्
(घ) प्राचीनम्
(ङ) नौरसः
उत्तर:
पदानि – विलोमपदानि
(क) कठोराम् – मृदुम्
(ख) कटु – मधुर
(ग) शीघ्रम् – मन्दमन्दम्
(घ) प्राचीनम् – नवीनम् (नवीनाम्)
(ङ) नीरसः – सरसः

परियोजनाकार्यम्:

पाठेऽस्मिन् वीणायाः चर्चा अस्ति। अन्येषां पञ्चवाद्ययन्त्राणां चित्रं रचयित्वा संकलय्य वा तेषां नामानि लिखत।
उत्तर:
NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Sanskrit Shemushi Chapter 1 भारतीवसन्तगीतिः 1
NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Sanskrit Shemushi Chapter 1 भारतीवसन्तगीतिः 2

Class 9 Sanskrit Shemushi Chapter 1 भारतीवसन्तगीतिः Additional Important Questions and Answers

अतिरिक्त कार्यम्

प्रश्न 1.
निम्न श्लोक श्लोक पठित्वा तदाधारिताना प्रश्नानाम् उत्तराणि लिखत

1. निनादय नवीनामये वाणि! वीणाम्
मृदुं गाय गीति ललित-नीति-लीनाम्

(i) एकपदेन उत्तरत (केवलं प्रश्नद्वयमेव)

  1. वाणी कीदृशीं वीणां निनादयतु?
  2. सा कीदृशीं गीतिं गायतु?
  3. का वीणां विनादयतु?

उत्तर:

  1. नवीनाम्
  2. ललित-नीति-लीनाम्
  3. वाणी

(ii) पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरत (केवलं प्रश्नमेकमेव)

  1. अस्मिन् श्लोके कविः वाणी किं कीदृशञ्च गातुं प्रार्थयति?
  2. सा काम् निनादयतु?

उत्तर:

  1. अस्मिन् श्लोके कविः वाणी ललित-नीति-लीनाम् च गीति मृदु गातुं प्रार्थयति।
  2. सा ललित-नीति-लीनाम् विनादयतु।

(iii) भाषिककार्यम् (केवलं प्रश्नत्रयमेव)

  1. ‘नवीनाम् वीणाम्’ अनयोः पदयोः विशेषणपदं किम्?
  2. ‘निनादय नवीनामये वाणि! वीणाम्।’ अत्र वाक्ये क्रियापद किमस्ति?
  3. श्लोके ‘कोमलाम्’ इत्यस्य पदस्य अर्थे कि पदम् आगतम्?
  4. श्लोके सम्बोधन पदं किम्?

उत्तर:

  1. नवीनाम्
  2. निनादय
  3. मृदुम्
  4. वाणि

2. मधुर-मञ्जरी-पिञ्जरी-भूत-मालाः
वसन्ते लसन्तीह सरसा रसालाः
कलापाः ललित-कोकिला-काकलीनाम्।।

(i) एकपदेन उत्तरत (केवलं प्रश्नद्वयमेव)

  1. कदा मधुरमञ्जरी पिञ्जरी भूता?
  2. कीदृशाः रसालाः वसन्ते लसन्ति?
  3. केषाम् कलापाः वसन्ते लसान्ति?

उत्तर:

  1. वसन्ते
  2. सरसाः
  3. वाणि

(ii) पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरत (केवलं प्रश्नमेकमेव)

  1. वसन्ते कासाम् कलापाः विलसन्ति?
  2. कीदृशी ‘मञ्जरी’ पिञ्जरी भूता?

उत्तर:

  1. वसन्ते ललित-कोकिला काकलीनां कालापाः विलसन्ति।
  2. मधुरा मञ्जरी पिञ्जरी भूता।

(iii) भाषिककार्यम् (केवलं प्रश्नत्रयमेव)

  1. ‘सरसा: रसालाः’ अनयोः पदयो : विशेषणपदं किमस्ति?
  2. श्लोके ‘लसन्ति’ इति क्रियायाः कर्तृपद किम्?
  3. श्लोके ‘अत्र (अस्मिन्)’ पदस्य कः पर्याय: लिखितो वर्तते?
  4. श्लोके ‘निरसा’ इत्यस्य पदस्य कः विपर्ययः?

उत्तर:

  1. सरसाः
  2. रसालाः
  3. इह
  4. सरसा

3. वहति मन्दमन्दं सनीरे समीरे
कलिन्दात्मजायास्सवानीरतीरे,
नतां पडिमालोक्य मधुमाधवीनाम्।।

(i) एकपदेन उत्तरत (केवलं प्रश्नद्वयमेव)

  1. कस्याः तीरे समीर: मन्दमन्दं वहति?
  2. कासाम् नतां पङ्क्तिम् वाणी अवलोकयतु?
  3. कासाम् नतां पङ्क्ति अवलोकितम् भवेत्?

उत्तर:

  1. कलिन्दात्मजायाः
  2. मधुमाधवीनाम्
  3. मधुमाधवीनाम्।

(ii) पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरत (केवलं प्रश्नमेकमेव).

  1. कुत्र समीरः मन्दमन्दं वहति?
  2. कथं सनीर: समीर: वहित?

उत्तर:

  1. कलिन्दात्मजायाः सवानीरतीरे समीरः मन्दमन्द वहति।
  2. मन्दमन्दं सनीर: समीरः वहित।

(iii) भाषिककार्यम् (केवलं प्रश्नत्रयमेव)

  1. ‘यमुनायाः’ इत्यस्य पदस्य अर्थे कि पदं श्लोके अत्र आगतम्?
  2. श्लोके ‘दृष्ट्वा’ पदस्य कः पर्यायः आगतः?
  3. ‘नतां पङ्क्तिम्’ अनयोः पदयोः विशेषणपदं किम्?
  4. ‘वहति मन्द मन्दं सनीरे समीरे’ अत्र क्रियापदं किम्?

उत्तर:

  1. कलिन्दात्मजायाः
  2. आलोक्य
  3. नताम्
  4. वहित्

4. ललित-पल्लवे पादपे पुष्पपुञ्जे
मलयमारुतोच्चुम्बिते मञ्जुकुने,
स्वनन्तीन्ततिम्प्रेक्ष्य मलिनामलीनाम्

(i) एकपदेन उत्तरत (केवलं प्रश्नद्वयमेव)

  1. अलीनां कीदृशीम् तति प्रेक्ष्य वाणी नवीनां वीणां निनादयतु?
  2. अत्र श्लोके पल्लवाः कीदृशाः वर्णिताः सन्ति?

उत्तर:

  1. मलिनाम्
  2. ललिताः

(ii) पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरत (केवलं प्रश्नमेकमेव)

कुत्र स्वनन्तीम् अलीनां मलिनां ततिं वाणी प्रेक्षयतु?
उत्तर:
ललित-पल्लवे पादपे पुष्पपुजे मञ्जुकुजे मलय-मारुतोच्चुम्बिते स्वनन्तीम् अलीनां मालिनां ततिं वाणी प्रेक्षयतु।

(iii) भाषिककार्यम् (केवलं प्रश्नत्रयमेव)

  1. अलीनाम् मलिनाम्’ अनयोः पदयोः विशेषणं किम्?
  2. श्लोके ‘वृक्षे’ इत्यस्य पदस्य कः पर्यायः आगतः?
  3. अत्र श्लोके ‘दृष्ट्वा ‘ पदस्य अर्थ किं पदम् आगतम्?

उत्तर:

  1. मलिनाम्
  2. पादपे
  3. प्रेक्ष्य

5. लतानां नितान्तं सुमं शान्तिशीलम्
चलेदुच्छलेत्कान्तसलिलं सलीलम्,
तवाकये वीणामदीनां नदीनाम्।।

(i) एकपदेन उत्तरत

  1. वाण्याः वीणा कीदृशी अस्ति?
  2. नदीनां सलिलं कीदृशम् अत्र वर्णितम्?

उत्तर:

  1. अदीना
  2. कान्तम्

(ii) पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरत लतानां कीदृशं सुमं चले?
उत्तर:
लतानां नितान्तं शान्तिशीलं सुमं चलेत्।

(iii) भाषिककार्यम्

  1. ‘सुमनः’ इत्यस्य पदस्य कः पर्यायः अत्र आगतः?
  2. श्लोके ‘उच्छलेत्’ इति क्रियापदस्य कर्तृपदं किमस्ति?
  3. अत्र श्लोके ‘सुमम्’ इति कर्तृपदस्य क्रियापदं किम्?

उत्तर:

  1. सुमम्
  2. कान्तसलिलम्
  3.  चलेत्

प्रश्न 2.
अन्वय लेखनम्

1. निनादयं नवीनामये वाणि! वीणाम्
मृदुं गाय गीति ललित-नीति-लीनाम्
अन्वयः-

  1. ………….. वाणि! नवीनां
  2. ………….. निनादय।
  3. ………….. गीति
  4. ……….. गाय।

मञ्जूषा – ललितनीतिलीनाम्, मृदुम्, अये, वीणाम्।
उत्तर:

  1. अये
  2. वीणाम्
  3. ललितनीतिलीनाम्
  4. मृदुम्

2. मधुर-मञ्जरी-पिञ्जरी-भूत-मालाः
वसन्ते लसन्तीह सरसा रसाला:
कलापाः ललित-कोकिला-काकलीनाम्
अन्वयः- इह

  1. …….. मधुरमञ्जरीपिञ्जरी
  2. ……… सरसाः रसाला:
  3. ……… ललित
  4. …..काकलीनां कलापाः (विलसन्ति)

मञ्जूषा – कोकिला भूतमालाः वसन्ते लसन्ति। ।
उत्तर:

  1. वसन्ते
  2. भूतमाला:
  3. लसन्ति
  4. कोकिला

3. वहति मन्दमन्दं सनीरे समीरे
कलिन्दात्मजायास्सवानीरतीरे,
नता पङ्किमालोक्य मधुमाधवीनाम्
अन्वयः-कलिन्दात्मजायाः

  1. ……….. सनीरे समीरे
  2. …… वहति
  3. …… नतां पक्तिम्
  4. ……. ।

(अये वाणि! नवीनां वीणां निनादय।)
मञ्जूषा – आलोक्य, सवानीरतीरे, मधुमाधवीनां, मन्दमन्दं ।
उत्तर:

  1. सवानीरतीरे
  2. मन्दमन्दं
  3. मधुमाधवीनां
  4. आलोक्य

4. ललित-पल्लवे पादपे पुष्पपुञ्ज
मलयमारुतोच्चुम्बिते मञ्जुकुञ्ज,
स्वनन्तीन्ततिम्प्रेक्ष्य मलिनामलीनाम्
अन्वयः- ललितपल्लवे

  1. …… पुष्पपुजे मजकुञ्ज
  2. ……… मारुतोच्चुम्बिते
  3. ……… अलीना मलिनां
  4. ……… प्रेक्ष्य

(अये वाणि! नवीनां वीणां निनादय।)
मञ्जूषा – मलय, तति, पादपे, स्वनन्तीम् ।
उत्तर:

  1. पादपे
  2. मलय
  3. स्वनन्तीम्
  4. ततिं

5. लताना नितान्तं सुमं शान्तिशीलम्
चलेदुच्छलेत्कान्तसलिल सलीलम्,
तवाकर्ण्य वीणामदीनां नदीनाम्
अन्वयः- तव अदीनाम्

  1. ……… आकर्ण्य लतानां नितान्तं
  2. …… सुमं चलेत् नदीना
  3. ……… सलीलम्
  4. …….. ।

मञ्जूषा – उच्छलेत् वीणाम् शान्तिशीलं कान्तसलिलम्
उत्तर:

  1. वीणाम्
  2. शान्तिशील
  3. कान्तसलिलम्
  4. उच्छलेत्

प्रश्न 3.
निम्न श्लोकानि पठित्वा भावलेखनम् कुरुत –

1. निनादय नवीनामये वाणि! वीणाम्
मृदुं गाय गीति ललित-नीति-लीनाम्।
मधुर-मञ्जरी-पिञ्जरी-भूत-माला:
वसन्ते लसन्तीह सरसा रसालाः
कलापाः ललित-कोकिला-काकलीनाम्
अस्य भावोऽस्ति- हे सरस्वति देवि! अस्मिन्

  1. …….. मधुर मञ्जरीणिः पीताः आम्र वृक्षाणां
  2. ……… शोभिन्ताः भवन्ति। सहैव मनोहराणां
  3. ……… शोभायुक्ताः कोकिलसमूहाः अपि शोभन्ते। अत: हे वाणि शारदे! त्वं ललितनीतिलीनां
  4.  ……… मृदु गाय नवीनां वीणां च निनादय।

मञ्जूषा – काकलीना, वसन्ते, गीति, मालाः ।।
उत्तर:

  1. वसन्ते
  2. मालाः
  3. काकलीनां
  4. गीति।

2. कलिन्दात्मजायास्सवानीरतीरे,
नतां पङ्किमालोक्य मधुमाधवीनाम्
अस्य श्लोकस्य भावोऽस्ति-यमुनायाः सवानीरे तटे

  1. …….. पूरिते वार्यों
  2. …….. वहति सति पुष्पैः नता
  3. ……… पङ्क्तिम् दृष्ट्वा हे वाणि शारदे! त्वं नवीनां
  4. ……… निनादय।

मञ्जूषा – वीणा, जलबिन्दुभिः, मधुमाधवीनाम्, मन्दं मन्दं ।
उत्तर:

  1. जलबिन्दुभिः
  2. मन्दं मन्दं
  3. मधुमाधवीनाम्
  4. वीणां।

3. ललित-पल्लवे पादपे पुष्पपुञ्जे
मलयमारुतोच्चुम्बिते मञ्जुकुञ्जे,
स्वनन्तीन्ततिम्प्रेक्ष्य मलिनामलीनाम्

अस्य श्लोकस्य भावोऽस्ति-यत् मलयपर्वतात् आगतैः पवनैः चुम्बितेषु

  1. …….. वृक्षेषु, पुष्प पुजेषु एवं
  2. …….. कृष्णभ्रमराणां
  3. ……… पऽक्ती: दृष्ट्वा हे
  4. …….. शारदे त्वं नवीनां वीणां निनादय।

मञ्जूषा – ललितपल्लवानां, गुञ्जायमानाः, वाणि, सुन्दरकुञ्जेषु ।
उत्तर:

  1. ललितपल्लवाना
  2. सुन्दरकुञ्जेषु
  3. गुञ्जायमानाः
  4. वाणि।

लतानां नितान्तं सुमं शान्तिशीलम्
चलेदुच्छलेत्कान्तसलिलं सलीलम्,
तवाकर्ण्य वीणामदीनां नदीनाम्।।

अस्य श्लोकस्य भावोऽस्ति – हे सरस्वति मातः! तव

  1. ……. वीणानादं श्रुत्वा लतानां
  2. ……… शान्तिशील
  3. ……… नदीनाञ्च मनोहर
  4.  ……… अपि उच्छलेत।

अतः हे वाणि शारदे! त्वं नवीनां वादय।
मञ्जूषा – कम्पेत् (चलेत्), जलम्, ओजपूर्ण, नितान्तं ।
उत्तर:

  1. ओजपूर्ण
  2. नितान्तं
  3. कम्पेत् (चलेत्)
  4. जलम्।

प्रश्न 4.
निम्नवाक्येषु रेखाङ्कित पदानाम् स्थानेषु प्रश्नवाचक पद लिखत –

प्रश्न 1.
अये वाणि! नवीनां वीणाम् (त्वं) निनादय।
(क) कम्
(ख) काम्
(ग) कीदृशी
(घ) कीदृशीम्
उत्तर:
(घ) कीदृशीम्

प्रश्न 2.
ललितनीतिलीना गीति मृदु गाय।
(क) कम्
(ख) कथम्
(ग) कीदृशम्
(घ) काम्
उत्तर:
(ख) कथम्

प्रश्न 3.
इह वसन्ते सरसाः रसाला: लसन्ति।
(क) कदा
(ख) कुत्र
(ग) कति
(घ) के
उत्तर:
(क) कदा

प्रश्न 4.
वसन्ते इह मधुर मञ्जरी पिञ्जरी भूतमालाः रसालाः लसन्ति।
(क) कुत्र
(ख) कदा
(ग) के
(घ) किम्
उत्तर:
(क) कुत्र

प्रश्न 5.
वसन्ते सरसाः रसालाः लसन्ति।
(क) काः
(ख) कदा
(ग) के
(घ) कीदृशाः
उत्तर:
(ग) के

प्रश्न 6.
ललित कोकिला काकलीनाम् कलापाः बिलसन्ति।
(क) काः
(ख) के
(ग) कति
(घ) कथम्
उत्तर:
(ख) के

प्रश्न 7.
कलिन्दात्मजायाः तीरे समीर: वहति।
(क) काम्
(ख) के
(ग) कस्याः
(घ) काः
उत्तर:
(ग) कस्याः

प्रश्न 8.
कलिन्दात्मजायाः सवानीरतीरे सनीरः समीर: वहति।
(क) कुत्र
(ख) कथम्
(ग) कम्
(घ) कम्
उत्तर:
(क) कुत्र

प्रश्न 9.
सनीरः समीर: मन्दमन्दं वहति।
(क) काः
(ख) कथम्
(ग) कति
(घ) कदा
उत्तर:
(ख) कथम्

प्रश्न 10.
कलिन्दात्मजायाः तीरे सनीरे समीरे वहति (सति) मधुमपवीनां पङ्क्तिमः दृश्यते।
(क) कीदृशाः
(ख) कस्मिन्
(ग) कुत्र
(घ) के
उत्तर:
(ख) कस्मिन्

प्रश्न 11.
मलिनाम् अलीना ततिम् प्रेक्ष्य वाणि। नवीना वीणां निनादय।
(क) कासाम्
(ख) कम्
(ग) कीदृशीम्
(घ) काः
उत्तर:
(क) कासाम्

प्रश्न 12.
मलिनाम् अलीनां स्वनन्तीम् ततिम् पश्य।
(क) कीदृशीम्
(ख) कम्
(ग) काम्
(घ) काः
उत्तर:
(क) कीदृशीम्

प्रश्न 13.
लतानां नितान्तं शान्तिशीलम् सुमं चलेत्।
(क) कुत्र
(ख) किम्
(ग) कीदृशम्
(घ) काः
उत्तर:
(ग) कीदृशम्

प्रश्न 14.
लतानां नितान्तं शान्तिशीलम् सुमं चलेत्।।
(क) कासाम्
(ख) कीदृशी
(ग) के
(घ) काः
उत्तर:
(क) कासाम्

प्रश्न 15.
तव अदीनां वीणाम् आकर्ण्य सुमं चलेत्।
(क) कथम्
(ख) कुत्र
(ग) काम्
(घ) कति
उत्तर:
(ग) काम्

प्रश्न 16.
नदीनाम् कान्त सलिलम् सलीलम् उच्छलेत्।
(क) कथम्
(ख) कति
(ग) कदा
(घ) कति
उत्तर:
(क) कथम्

प्रश्न 17.
ललितपल्लवे पादपे मलिनां अलीनां स्वतन्तींततिं पश्यत।
(क) कुत्र
(ख) कीदृशे
(ग) किम्
(घ) कति
उत्तर:
(ख) कीदृशे

प्रश्न 5.
समुचितानि पर्यायपदानि मेलनं कुरुत –

पदानि – अर्थाः
1. वाणि – अतीव
2. समीरे – दृष्ट्वा
3. ततिम् – शान्तस्वभावम्
4. अलीनाम् – वायौ
5. नवीनाम् – शोभन्ते
6. सनीरे – गुञ्जायमानाम्
7. लसन्ति – सुन्दरपत्रयुक्ते
8. पादपे – हे सरस्वति
9. स्वनन्तीम् – ओजस्विनीम्
10. प्रेक्ष्य – नूतनाम्
11. ललितपल्लवे – वृक्षे
12. अदीनाम् – पुष्पम्
13. नितान्तम् – पङ्क्तिम्
14. सुमम् – जलयुक्ते
15. शान्तिशीलम् – भ्रमराणाम
उत्तर:
1. हे सरस्वति
2. वायौ
3. पङ्क्तिम्
4. भ्रमराणाम्
5. नूतनाम्
6. जलयुक्ते
7. शोभन्ते
8. वृक्षे
9. गुञ्जायमानाम्
10. दृष्ट्वा
11. मनोहरपत्रयुक्ते
12. ओजस्विनीम्
13. अतीव
14. पुष्पम्
15. शान्तस्वभावम्

प्रश्न 6.
निम्न ‘क’ वर्गीय पदायं ‘ख’ वर्गीय पदेषु विपर्यायपदानि चीयताम्।

‘क’ पदानि – ‘ख’ विपर्यायपदानि
1. मृदु – कष्टकम्
2. सरसाः – कोलाहल:
3. सुमम् – स्वच्छ
4. शान्तिः – कटुका:
5. मलिनाम् – कठोरं
उत्तर:
1.  – कठोरं
2. – कटुकाः
3. – कष्टकम्
4. – कोलाहलः
5. – स्वच्छ

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Sanskrit Shemushi Chapter 4 कल्पतरूः

We have given detailed NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Sanskrit Shemushi Chapter 4 कल्पतरूः Questions and Answers come in handy for quickly completing your homework.

Shemushi Sanskrit Class 9 Solutions Chapter 4 कल्पतरूः

Class 9 Sanskrit Shemushi Chapter 4 कल्पतरूः Textbook Questions and Answers

अभ्यासः

प्रश्न 1.
एकपदेन उत्तरं लिखत –

(क) जीमूतवाहनः कस्य पुत्रः अस्ति?
(ख) संसारेऽस्मिन् कः अनश्वरः भवति?
(ग) जीमूतवाहनः परोपकारैकफलसिद्धये कम् आराधयति?
(घ) जीमूतवाहनस्य सर्वभूतानुकम्पया सर्वत्र किं प्रथितम्?
(ङ) कल्पतरुः भुवि कानि अवर्ष?
उत्तर:
(क) जीमूतवाहनस्य
(ख) परोपकारः
(ग) कल्पपादपम्
(घ) यशः
(ङ) वसूनि

प्रश्न 2.
अधोलिखितानां प्रश्नानाम् उत्तर: संस्कृतभाषया लिखित –

(क) कञ्चनपुरं नाम नगरं कुत्र विभाति स्म?
(ख) जीमूतवाहनः कीदृशः आसीत्?
(ग) कल्पतरोः वैशिष्ट्यमाकर्ण्य जीमूतवाहनः किम् अचिन्तयत्?
(घ) हितैषिणः मन्त्रिणः जीमूतवाहनं किम् उक्तवन्तः?
(ङ) जीमूतवाहनः कल्पतरुम् उपगम्य किम् उवाच?
उत्तर:
(क) कञ्चनपुर नाम नगर हिमवतः सानोपरि विभाति स्म।
(ख) जीमूतवाहनः महान् दानवीरः सर्वभूतानुकम्पी च आसीत्।
(ग) कल्पतरोः वैशिष्ट्यमाकर्ण्य जीमूतवाहनः अचिन्तयत् यत् “अहो! ईदृशम् अमरपादपं प्राप्यापि पूर्वैः पुरुषैअस्माकं तादृशं फलं किमपि न प्राप्तम्। किन्तु केवलं कैश्चिदेव कृपणैः कश्चिदपि अर्थः अर्थितः। तदहमस्मात् कल्पतरोः
अभीष्टं साधयामि” इति।
(घ) हितैषिणः मन्त्रिणः जीमूतवाहनं उक्तवन्त:-“युवराज! योऽयं सर्वकामदः कल्पतरुः तवोद्याने तिष्ठति स तव सदा पुज्यः। अस्मिन् अनुकूले स्थिते सति शक्रोऽपि अस्मान् बाधितुं न शक्नुयात्।”
(ङ) जीमूतवाहन: कल्पतरुम् उपगम्य उवाच-“देव! त्वया अस्मत्पूर्वेषाम् अभीष्टाः कामाः पूरिताः तन्ममैक कामं पूरय। यथापृथिवीम् अदरिद्राम् पश्यामि तथा करोतु देव” इति।

प्रश्न 3.
अधोलिखितवाक्येषु स्थूलपदानि कस्मै प्रयुक्तानि?

(क) तस्य सानोरुपरि विभाति कञ्चनपुरं नाम नगरम्।
(ख) राजा सम्प्राप्तयौवनं तं यौवराज्ये अभिषिक्तवान्?
(ग) अयं तव सदा पूज्यः।
(घ) तात! त्वं तु जानासि यत् धनं वीचिवच्चञ्चलम्।
उत्तर:
(क) हिमवते (हिमालयाय)
(ख) राजपुत्राय (जीमूतवाहनाय)
(ग) कल्पतरवे
(घ) पित्रे (जीमूतकेतवे राज्ञे)

प्रश्न 4.
अधोलिखितानां पदानां पर्यायपदं पाठात् चित्वा लिखत –

(क) पर्वतः – ………………
(ख) भूपतिः – ………………
(ग) इन्द्रः – ………………
(घ) धनम् – ………………
(ङ) इच्छितम् – ………………
(च) समीपम् – ………………
(छ) धरित्रीम् – ………………
(ज) कल्याणम् – ………………
(झ) वाणी – ………………
(ज) वृक्षः – ………………
उत्तर:
(क) पर्वतः – नगेन्द्रः
(ख) भूपतिः – राजा
(ग) इन्द्रः – शक्रः
(घ) धनम् – अर्थः
(ङ) इच्छितम् – अभीष्टम्/अर्थितः
(च) समीपम् – अन्तिकम्
(छ) धरित्रीम् – पृथ्वीम्
(ज) कल्याणम् – स्वस्ति/सुखम्
(झ) वाणी – वाक
(ञ) वृक्षः – तरुः

प्रश्न 5.
‘क’ स्तम्भे विशेषणानि ‘ख’ स्तम्भे च विशेष्याणि दत्तानि। तानि समुचित योजयत –

‘क’ स्तम्भ – ‘ख’ स्तम्भ
कुलक्रमागतः – परोपकारः
दानवीरः – मन्त्रिभिः
हितैषिभिः – जीमूतवाहनः
वीचिवच्चञ्चलम् – कल्पतरुः
अनश्वरः – धनम्
उत्तर:
‘क’ स्तम्भः – ‘ख’ स्तम्भः
कुलक्रमागत: – कल्पतरु:
दानवीर: – जीमूतवाहनः
हितैषिभिः – मन्त्रिभिः
वीचिवच्चञ्चलम् – धनम्
अनश्वरः – परोपकारः

प्रश्न 6.
स्थूलपदान्यधिकृत्य प्रश्ननिर्माणं कुरुत –

(क) तरोः कृपया सः पुत्रम् अप्राप्नोत्।
(ख) सः कल्पतरवे न्यवेदयत्।
(ग) धनवृष्ट्या कोऽपि दरिद्रः नातिष्ठत्।
(घ) कल्पतरुः पृथिव्यां धनानि अवर्षत्।
(ङ) जीवानुकम्पया जीमूतवाहनस्य यशः प्रासरत्।
उत्तर:
(क) कस्य
(ख) कस्मै
(ग) कया
(घ) कस्याम्
(ङ) कया

प्रश्न 7.
(अ) “स्वस्ति तुभ्यम्” स्वस्ति शब्दस्य योगे चतुर्थी विभक्तिः भवति। इत्यनेन नियमेन अत्र चतुर्थी विभक्तिः
प्रयुक्ता एवमेव (कोष्ठकगतेषु पदेषु) चतुर्थी विभक्तिं प्रयुज्य रिक्तस्थानानि पूरयत –

(क) स्वस्ति …………… (राजा)
(ख) स्वस्ति …….. (प्रजा)
(ग) स्वस्ति ……………… (छात्र)
(घ) स्वस्ति ………. (सर्वजन)
उत्तर:
(क) राज्ञे।
(ख) प्रजाभ्यः प्रजाये।
(ग) छात्राय/छात्रेभ्यः।
(घ) सर्वजनेभ्यः ।

प्रश्न 7.
(आ) कोष्ठकगतेषु पदेषु षष्ठी विभक्तिं प्रयुज्य रिक्तस्थानानि पूरयत –

(क) तस्य ……… उद्याने कल्पतरुः आसीत्। (गृह)
(ख) सः ……………….. अन्तिकम् अगच्छत्।
(ग) ……………… सर्वत्र यशः प्रथितम्
(जीमूतवाहन)
(घ) अयं ………………” तरु:?(किम्)
उत्तर:
(क) गृहस्य
(ख) पितुः
(ग) जीमूतवाहनस्य
(घ) कस्य

Class 9 Sanskrit Shemushi Chapter 4 कल्पतरूः Additional Important Questions and Answers

अतिरिक्त कार्यम्

प्रश्न 1.
निम्नलिखितम् अनुच्छेद पठित्वा तदाधारितानां प्रश्नानाम् उत्तर: लिखत –

1. अस्ति हिमवान् नाम सर्वरलभूमिः नगेन्द्रः। तस्य सानोः उपरि विभाति कञ्चनपुर नाम नगरम्। तत्र जीमूतकेतुः इति श्रीमान् विद्याधरपतिः वसति स्म। तस्य गृहोद्याने कुलक्रमागतः कल्पतरुः स्थितः। स राजा जीमूतकेतुः तं कल्पतरुम् आराध्य तत्प्रसादात् च बोधिसत्वांशसम्भवं जीमूतवाहनं नाम पुत्रं प्राप्नोत्। सः जीमूतवाहनः महान् दानवीरः सर्वभूतानुकम्पी च अभवत्। तस्य गुणः प्रसन्नः स्वसचिवैश्च प्रेरितः राजा कालेन सम्प्राप्तयौवनं तं यौवराज्ये अभिषिक्तवान्। कदाचित् हितैषिणः पितृमन्त्रिणः यौवराज्ये स्थितं तं जीमूतवाहनं उक्तवन्त:-“युवराज! योऽयं सर्वकामदः कल्पतरुः तवोद्याने तिष्ठति स तव सदा पूज्यः। अस्मिन् अनुकूले स्थिते सति शक्रोऽपि अस्मान् बाधितुं न शक्नुयात्” इति।

(i) एकपदेन उत्तरत (केवलं प्रश्नद्वयमेव)

  1. श्रीमतः विद्याधरपतेः किं नाम आसीत्?
  2. स राजा कीदृशं पुत्रं प्राप्नोत्?
  3. जीमूतकेतोः उद्याने कीदृशः कल्पतरुः स्थितः आसीत्?

उत्तर:

  1. जीमूतकेतुः
  2. बोधिसत्त्वांशसम्भवम्
  3. कुलक्रमागतः

(ii) पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरत (केवलं प्रश्नमेकमेव)

  1. नृपस्य गृहीद्याने कः स्थितः आसीत्?
  2. पुत्रः कीदृशः अभवत्?

उत्तर:

  1. नृपस्य गृहोद्याने कुलक्रमागतः कल्पतरुः स्थितः आसीत्।
  2. पुत्रः महान् दानवीरः सर्वभूतानुकम्पी च अभवत्।

(iii) भाषिककार्यम् (केवलं प्रश्नत्रयमेव)

  1. अनुच्छेदे ‘सम्पूज्य’ इति पदस्य कः पर्याय: लिखितः?
  2. अनुच्छेदे ‘स राजा जीमूतकेतुः’ इत्यस्य कर्तृपदस्य क्रियापदं किं वर्तते?
  3. ‘हितैषिभिः पितृमन्त्रिभिः’ अनयोः पदयोः विशेषणपदं किम्?
  4. अवसत्’ इति पदस्य अर्थ किं पदं प्रयुक्तम्?

उत्तर:

  1. आराध्य
  2. प्राप्नोत्
  3. हितैषिभिः
  4. वसति स्म

2. एतत् आकण्यं जीमूतवाहनः अचिन्तयत्-“अहो ईदशम् अमरपादपं प्राप्यापि पूर्वः पुरुषैः अस्माकं तादशं फलं किमपि न प्राप्तम्। किन्तु केवलं कैश्चिदेव कृपणैः कश्चिदपि अर्थ: अर्थितः। तदहम् अस्मात् कल्पतरोः अभीष्ट साधयामि” इति। एवम् आलोच्य सः पितुः अन्तिकम् आगच्छत्। आगत्य च सुखमासीनं पितरम् एकान्ते न्यवेदयत्- “तात! त्वं तु जानासि एव बदस्मिन् संसारसागरे आशरीरम् इदं सर्व धनं वीचिवत् चञ्चलम्। एकः परोपकार एव अस्मिन् संसारे अनश्वरः यो युगान्तपर्यन्तं यशः प्रसूते। तद् अस्माभिः ईदृशः कल्पतरुः किमर्थ रक्ष्यते? पैश्च पूर्वरयं ‘मम मम’ इति आग्रहेण रक्षितः, ते इदानीं कुछ गताः? तेषां कस्यायम्? अस्य वा के ते? तस्मात् परोपकारैकफलसिद्धये त्वदाजया इमं कल्पपावपम् आराधयामि।

(i) एकपदेन उत्तरत (केवलं प्रश्नद्वयमेव)

  1. कः अन्तः अचिन्तयत्?
  2. आशरीरमिदं सर्वधनं कीदृशं चञ्चलं वर्तते?
  3. जीमूतवाहनः कस्य अन्तिकम् आगच्छत?

उत्तर:

  1. जीमूतवाहनः
  2. वीचिवत्
  3. पितुः

(ii) पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरत (केवलं प्रश्नमेकमेव)

  1. तस्मात् कस्मै/किमर्थं नृपस्य आज्ञया जीमूतवाहनः कल्पपादपम् आराधयति?
  2. कः एवास्मिन् संसारेऽनश्वरः यो युगान्तपर्यन्तं यशः प्रसूते।

उत्तर:

  1. तस्मात् मनोरथम् अभीष्टम् साधयितुं नृपस्य आज्ञया जीमूतवाहनः कल्पपादपम् आराधयति।
  2. परोपकारः एवास्मिन् संसारेऽनश्वरः यो युगान्तपर्यन्तं यशः प्रसूते।

(iii) भाषिककार्यम् (केवलं प्रश्नत्रयमेव)

  1. अनुच्छेदे ‘वृक्षम्’ इत्यस्य पदस्य कः पर्यायः आगतः?
  2. एतत् आकर्ण्य जीमूतवाहनः अचिन्तयत!।’ अत्र कर्तृपदं किम्?
  3. अनुच्छेदे ‘गत्वा’ इति पदस्य कः विपर्ययः लिखितः?
  4. श्रुत्वा’ ‘इत्यर्थे किं पदं प्रयुक्तम्?

उत्तर:

  1. पादपम्
  2. जीमूतवाहनः
  3. आगत्य
  4. आकर्ण्य

3. अथ पित्रा ‘तथा’ इति अभ्यनुज्ञातः स जीमूतवाहनः कल्पतरुम् उपगम्य उवाच-‘देव! त्वया अस्मत्पूर्वेषाम् अभीष्टाः कामाः पूरिताः, तन्ममैक काम पूरया यथा पृथिवीम् अवरिताम् पश्यामि तथा करोतु देव” इति। एवं वादिनि जीमूतवाहने “त्यक्तस्त्वया एषोऽहं यातोऽस्मि” इति वाक् तस्मात् तरोः उवभूत्। क्षणेन च स कल्पतरुः दिवं समुत्पत्य भुवि तथा वसूनि अवर्षत् यथा न कोऽपि दुर्गत आसीत्। ततस्तस्य जीमूतवाहनस्य सर्वजीवानुकम्पया सर्वत्र यशः प्रथितम्।

(i) एकपदेन उत्तरत (केवलं प्रश्नद्वयमेव)

  1. कः कल्पतरुम् उपगम्य उवाच?
  2. क्षणेन सः कल्पतरुः किम् अवर्ष?
  3. सः पृथिवी कीदृशीम् पश्यति?

उत्तर:

  1. जीमूतवाहन:
  2. वसूनि
  3. अदरिद्राम्

(ii) पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरत (केवलं प्रश्नमेकमेव)

  1. जीमूतवाहने एवं वादिनि कीदृशी/का वाक् तस्मात् तरोः उदभूत?
  2. जीमूतवाहनस्य सर्वजीवानुकम्पया किं अभवत्?

उत्तर:

  1. जीमूतवाहने एवं वादिनि “त्यक्तस्त्वया एषोऽहं यातोऽस्मि” इति वाक् तस्मात् तरोः उदभूत्।
  2. जीमूतवाहनस्य सर्वजीवानुकम्पया सर्वत्र यशः प्रथितम्।

(iii) भाषिककार्यम् (केवलं प्रश्नत्रयमेव)

  1. ‘अभीष्टाः कामाः’ अनयोः पदयोः विशेष्यपदं किमस्ति?
  2. अनुच्छेदे ‘वृक्षात्’ इत्यस्य पदस्य कः पर्यायः आगतः?
  3. अनुच्छेदे ‘अवर्षत्’ इति क्रियापदस्य कर्तृपदं किमत्र प्रयुक्तम्?
  4. ‘अकथयत्’ इत्यर्थे किं पदं प्रयुक्तम्?

उत्तर:

  1. कामाः
  2. तरोः
  3. कल्पतरुः
  4. उवाच

प्रश्न 2.
निम्नवाक्येषु रेखाङ्कित-पदानां स्थानेषु प्रश्नवाचकं पदं लिखत –

प्रश्न 1.
हिमवान् नाम सर्वरलभूमिः नगेन्द्रः अस्ति।
(क) क
(ख) केन
(ग) किम्
(घ) का
उत्तर:
(ग) किम्

प्रश्न 2.
तत्र जीमूतकेतुः इति विद्याधरः वसति स्म।
(क) कः
(ख) के
(ग) कानि
(घ) किम्
उत्तर:
(क) कः

प्रश्न 3.
तस्य गृहोद्याने कुलक्रमागतः कल्पतरुः स्थितः।
(क) कः
(ख) कथम्
(ग) कीदृशः
(घ) काः
उत्तर:
(ग) कीदृशः

प्रश्न 4.
सः महान् दानवीरः सर्वभूतानुकम्पी च अभवत्।
(क) का
(ख) कदा
(ग) काः
(घ) कस्मिन्
उत्तर:
(घ) कस्मिन्

प्रश्न 5.
तस्य गुणैः प्रसन्नः राजा तं यौवराज्ये अभिषिक्तवान्।
(क) कुत्र
(ख) के
(ग) क:
(घ) कदा
उत्तर:
(घ) कदा

प्रश्न 6.
स जीमूतवाहनः पितृमन्त्रिभिः उक्तः।
(क) केन
(ख) कैः
(ग) काभि
(घ) कीदृशः
उत्तर:
(ख) कैः

प्रश्न 7.
अयं कल्पतरुः तव सदा पूज्य:
(क) कः
(ख) काः
(ग) का
(घ) किम्
उत्तर:
(घ) किम्

प्रश्न 8.
एतत् आकर्ण्य जीमूतवाहनः अन्तः अचिन्तयत्।
(क) कुत्र
(ख) कः
(ग) केन
(घ) कान्
उत्तर:
(क) कुत्र

प्रश्न 9.
किन्तु केवलं कैश्चिदेव कृपणैः कश्चिदपि अर्थः अर्थितः।
(क) काः
(ख) का
(ग) क;
(घ) काः
उत्तर:
(ग) क;

प्रश्न 10.
तद् अहम् अस्मात् अभीष्टं मनोरथं साधयामि।
(क) किम्
(ख) कम्
(ग) काम्
उत्तर:
(ख) कम्

प्रश्न 11.
एवम् आलोच्य सः पितुः अन्तिकम् आगच्छत्।
(क) कस्य
(ख) का
(ग) कदा
(घ) कः
उत्तर:
(क) कस्य

प्रश्न 12.
अस्मिन् संसारसागरे सर्वधनं वीचिवत् चञ्चलम्।
(क) कुत्र
(ख) किम्
(ग) केन
(घ) कान्
उत्तर:
(ख) किम्

प्रश्न 13.
सः जीमूतवाहनः कल्पतरुम् उपगम्य उवाच।
(क) किम्
(ख) कीदृशः
(ग) कम्
(घ) कः
उत्तर:
(ग) कम्

प्रश्न 14.
यथा पृथ्वीम् अदरिद्रां पश्यामि।
(क) काम्
ख) केन
(ग) का
(घ) कीदृशः
उत्तर:
(क) काम्

प्रश्न 15.
इति वाक् तस्मात् तरोः उदभूत्।
(क) कस्मात्/कुत:
(ख) किम्
(ग) कथम्
(घ) कुत्र/कस्याम्
उत्तर:
(क) कस्मात्/कुत:

प्रश्न 16.
सः कल्पतरुः दिवं समुत्पत्य भुवि वसूनि अवर्षत्।
(क) केन
(ख) कानि
(ग) के
(घ) कुत्र/कस्याम्
उत्तर:
(घ) कुत्र/कस्याम्

प्रश्न 17.
तस्य सर्वजीवानुकम्पया सर्वत्र यशः प्रथितम्।
(क) कया
(ख) कः
(ग) किम्
(घ) काभि
उत्तर:
(क) कया

प्रश्न 18.
त्वया अस्मात् पूर्वेषाम् अभीष्टाः कामाः पूरिताः।
(क) कान्
(ख) केषाम्
(ग) कदा
(घ) केन
उत्तर:
(ख) केषाम्

प्रश्न 19.
त्वया त्यक्तः एषोऽहं यातोऽस्मि।
(क) कीदृशः
(ख) कैः
(ग) किम्
(घ) केन
उत्तर:
(घ) केन

प्रश्न 3.
निम्नवाक्यानि घटनाक्रमानुसार पुनर्लिखत –

प्रश्न 1.

  1. कञ्चनपुरस्य नगरस्य राजा जीमूतकेतुः आसीत्।
  2. एकदा तस्य नृपस्य मन्त्रिणः कथितवन्तः।
  3. हे युवराज! अयं कामदः कल्पतरुः सर्वैः फूज्यः वर्तते।
  4. नृपस्य पुत्र: जीमूतवाहनः महान् दानवीरः सर्वभूतानुकम्पी च अभवत्।
  5. एकदा सः पितरम् उपगम्य अवदत्-हे पितः! अहम् एतं कल्पतरूं परोपकाराय आराधयामि।
  6. नृपः सचिवानां परामर्शण पुत्रं यौवराज्येऽभिषिक्तवान्।
  7. अस्मिन् अनुकूले स्थिते शक्रोऽपि अस्मान् बाधितुं न शक्यते।
  8. तस्य गृहोद्याने कुलक्रमागतः एकः कल्पतरुः स्थितः आसीत्।

उत्तर:

  1. कञ्चनपुरस्य नगरस्य राजा जीमूतकेतुः आसीत्।
  2. तस्य गृहोद्याने कुलक्रमागतः एकः कल्पतरुः स्थितः आसीत्।
  3. नृपस्य पुत्रः जीमूतवाहनः महान् दानवीरः सर्वभूतानुकम्पी च अभवत्।
  4. नृपः सचिवानां परामर्शण पुत्रं यौवराज्येऽभिषिक्तवान्।
  5. एकदा तस्य नृपस्य मन्त्रिणः कथितवन्तः।
  6. हे युवराज! अयं कामदः कल्पतरुः सर्वैः पूज्यः वर्तते।
  7. अस्मिन् अनुकूले स्थिते शक्रोऽपि अस्मान् बाधितुं न शक्यते।
  8. एकदा सः पितरम् उपगम्य अवदत्-हे पितः! अहम् एतं कल्पतरूं परोपकाराय आराधयामि।

प्रश्न 2.

  1. पुत्रः जीमूतवाहनः कल्पतरुम् आराध्य अकथयत्।
  2. क्षणेन सः कल्पतरुः दिवम् उत्पत्य भुवि वसूनि अवर्षत्।।
  3. हे देव! यथा पृथ्वीम् अदरिद्रां पश्यामि तथा भवान् करोतु इति।
  4. त्वया अस्मत् पूर्वेषाम् अभीष्टाः कामाः पूरिताः तत् मम अपि एका कामना पूरय।
  5. तरु: जीमूतवाहनम् अवदत्-” त्वया त्यक्तः अहं गच्छामि इति”।
  6. जीमूतवाहनस्य यशः सर्वत्र प्रथितम्।
  7. तस्य पुत्रः जीमूतवाहनः अतीव महान् दानवीरः सर्वभूतानुकम्पी च आसीत्।
  8. हिमालये कञ्चनपुर नगरस्य राजा जीमूतकेतुः विद्याधरपतिः आसीत्।

उत्तर:

  1. हिमालये कञ्चनपुर नगरस्य राजा जीमूतकेतुः विद्याधरपतिः आसीत्।
  2. तस्य पुत्रः जीमूतवाहनः अतीव महान् दानवीरः सर्वभूतानुकम्पी च आसीत्।
  3. पुत्रः जीमूतवाहनः कल्पतरुम् आराध्य अकथयत्।
  4. हे देव! यथा पृथ्वीम् अदरिद्रां पश्यामि तथा भवान् करोतु इति।
  5. त्वया अस्मत् पूर्वेषाम् अभीष्टाः कामाः पूरिताः तत् मम अपि एका कामना पूरय।
  6. तरु: जीमूतवाहनम् अवदत्-“त्वया त्यक्तः अहं गच्छामि इति”।
  7. क्षणेन सः कल्पतरुः दिवम् उत्पत्य भुवि वसूनि अवर्षत्।
  8. जीमूतवाहनस्य यशः सर्वत्र प्रथितम्।

प्रश्न 3.
निम्न ‘क’ वर्गीय पदानाम् ‘ख’ वर्गीय पदेषु पर्यायमेलनम् –

‘क’ वर्ग: – ‘ख’ वर्ग:

  1. सानोः – प्रसिद्धम्
  2. प्रथितम् – याचितः
  3. वसूनि – समीपम्
  4. अर्थितः – इन्द्रः
  5. अन्तिकम् – अनुमतः
  6. शक्रः – धनानि
  7. यौवराज्ये – शिखरस्य
  8. अभ्यनुज्ञातः – युवराजपदे

उत्तर:

  1.  – शिखरस्य
  2.  – प्रसिद्धम्
  3. – धनानि
  4.  – याचितः
  5.  – समीपम्
  6. – इन्द्रः
  7.  – युवराजपदे
  8.  – अनुमतः

प्रश्न 4.
‘क’ स्तम्भे विशेषणानि ‘ख’ स्तम्भे विशेष्याणि दत्तानि। तानि समुचित योजयत –

‘क’ स्तम्भ – ‘ख’ स्तम्भ

  1. अभीष्टाः – पृथ्वीम्
  2. अदरिद्राम् – कामम्
  3. एकम् – राजा
  4. प्रसन्नः – सः
  5. पूज्यः – कल्पतरु:
  6. सर्वकामदः – कामाः
  7. वादिनि – तरोः
  8. तस्मात् – जीमूतवाहने

उत्तर:

  1.  – कामाः
  2.  – पृथ्वीम्
  3. – कामम्
  4.  – राजा
  5.  – सः
  6.  – कल्पतरुः
  7.  – जीमूतवाहने
  8.  – तरोः

प्रश्न 5.

निम्न ‘क’ वर्गीय पदानां ‘ख’ वर्गीय पदेषु विपर्ययचयनं कुरुत –

‘क’ पदानि – ‘ख’ विपर्ययाः

(क) अधः – अपूज्य:
(ख) तिरस्कृत्य – प्रतिकुले
(ग) राजा – बहिः
(घ) अकामाः – दुर्गम्य
(ङ) अनश्वरः – प्रजा
(च) प्रसन्नः – अपयशः
(छ) दानवीरः – पतित्वा
(ज) अदरिद्राम् – उपरि
(झ) उपगम्य – दरिद्राम्
(ञ) अनुकूले – मातरम्
(ट) समुत्पत्य – कामा:
(ठ) पितरम् – आराध्य
(ड) अन्तः – नश्वरः
(ढ) यशः – दुःखी
(ण) पूज्य – कृपणः
उत्तर:
(क) – उपरि
(ख) – आराध्य
(ग) – प्रजा
(घ) – कामाः
(ङ) – नश्वरः
(च) – दुःखी
(छ) – कृपणः
(ज) – दरिद्राम्
(झ) – दुर्गम्य
(ञ) – प्रतिकुले
(ट) – पतित्वा
(ठ) – मातरम्
(ड) – बहिः
(ङ) – अपयशः
(ण) – अपूज्यः

Environment and Sustainable Development Class 12 Important Extra Questions Economics Chapter 9

Here we are providing Class 12 Economics Important Extra Questions and Answers Chapter 9 Environment and Sustainable Development. Economics Class 12 Important Questions are the best resource for students which helps in class 12 board exams.

Class 12 Economics Chapter 9 Important Extra Questions Environment and Sustainable Development

Environment and Sustainable Development Important Extra Questions Very Short Answer Type

Question 1.
Give two examples of biotic elements.
Answer:
Examples of biotic elements include air, land, water, etc.

Question 2.
Name any two greenhouse gases.
Answer:
Carbon dioxide and methane are greenhouse gases.

Question 3.
What causes skin cancer in humans?
Answer:
Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation causes skin cancer in humans.

Question 4.
Name the important mineral reserves in India.
Answer:
The important mineral reserves in India are bauxite, copper, chromate, diamonds, gold, lead, lignite,manganese, zinc, uranium, etc.

Question 5.
List the major contributors to air pollution in urban India.
Answer:
The major contributors to air pollution in urban India are:
(i) Vehicles
(ii) Industries
(iii) Thermal power plants

Question 6.
Write two features of sustainable development.
Answer:
Features of sustainable development are:
(i) It increases real per capita income and quality of life.
(ii) It helps in reducing pollution.

Question 7.
How can solar energy be converted into electricity?
Answer:
Solar energy can be converted into electricity with the help of photovoltaic cells.

Environment and Sustainable Development Important Extra Questions Short Answer Type

Question 1.
Distinguish between renewable and non-renewable resources.
Answer:
The following are the points of difference between renewable and non-renewable resources: omelette

Renewable Resources Non-renewable Resources
1. Renewable resources are those which can be used without the possibility of the resource becoming depleted or exhausted. 1. Non-renewable resources are those which get exhausted with extraction and use.
Examples: Trees, fish, water, etc. Examples: Petroleum, coal, iron-ore, etc.

Question 2.
State some long-term impacts of global warming.
Answer:
Some long-term impacts of global warming are:

  • Melting of polar ice
  • Rise in sea level
  • Frequent coastal flooding and tropical storms
  • Disruption of drinking water supplies
  • Extinction of species
  • Increased incidence of tropical diseases

Question 3.
State some long-term impacts of global warming.
Answer:
Some long-term impacts of global warming are:
(i) Melting of polar ice
(ii) Rise in sea level
(iii) Frequent coastal flooding and tropical storms
(iv) Disruption of drinking water supplies
(v) Extinction of species
(vi) Increased incidence of tropical diseases

Question 4.
Write short notes on the following:
(i) Solar energy
(ii) Mini-hydel plant
Answer:
(i) Solar energy can be converted into electricity with the help of photovoltaic cells. These cells use semi-conductive materials to capture solar energy and then convert the energy into electricity. It is a pollution-free technology, which is extremely useful for such places where power supply through grid or power lines is either not possible or very costly.

(ii) Mini-hydel plants use the energy of perennial streams to move small turbines. These turbines generate electricity, which can be used locally. Mini-hydel power plants are environment-friendly source of energy generation. Such plants are capable of generating enough power to meet local demands.

Environment and Sustainable Development Extra Questions Long Answer Type

Question 1.
Define the term ‘Global Warming’? What are its main causes?
Answer:
Global warming is a gradual increase in the average temperature of the earth’s lower atmosphere as a result of the increase in greenhouse gases since the advent of industrial revolution.

Following are the main causes of global warming:
(i) Buildup of Carbon Dioxide: Increase in the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere due to burning of fossil fuels is the most significant human cause of global warming.

(ii) Deforestation: Deforestation means clearing the forest to make the land available for other uses. All living plants store carbon. As forest and grassland are cleared for use, enormous amount of carbon dioxide is released back into the atmosphere.

(iii) Methane’s Impact: When we consider the effects of methane within a single decade, it is 100 times as powerful as carbon dioxide as a
greenhouse gas. Methane’s has the potential to have significant impacts on the future of global warming.

(iv) Increased Use of Fertilisers: With the advent of green revolution, the use of chemical fertilisers and machines to produce food has increased significantly. One of the primary components of the green revolution is nitrogen fertilisers, which have 300 times more heat trapping capacity per unit of volume than carbon dioxide. Hence, these contribute towards global warming.

(v) Other Causes: Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydro chlorofluorocarbons (FHCFCs) used in refrigerator are also powerful greenhouse gases. These gases occur in lower concentration in the atmosphere but as they are so comparatively more potent than carbon dioxide, they contribute to global warming as well.

Question 2
Suggest some measures to prevent environmental degradation.
Answer:
The following measures are needed to prevent environmental degradation:
(i) Population Control: Rising population is a threat to the country. Therefore, it is absolutely essential to check the rising population if environment is to be protected.

(ii) Proper Implementation of Environment Conservation Acts. In India the Environment Protection Act was passed in 1986. The objective of this Act is to check degradation in the quality of environment Therefore, this Act should be strictly implemented.

(iii) Social Awareness: Social awareness must be spread among the people to understand the dangerous consequences of pollution. This will ultimately save the environment.

(iv) Afforestation Campaign: Plantation should be done on a large scale for the protection of environment.

(v) Water Management: For the protection of envionment, provisions must be made to supply clean drinking water to the people A so river water should be made dean.

(vi) improvement in Housing: For the protection of environment living places of the people should be made neat and clean. Slums must be replaced by airy and well-lighted dwelling houses.

(vii) Solid Waste Management: Solid waste management in a planned way is very essential in the country. Solid waste should be treated chemically. In this connection, rural garbage must be converted into compost for the protection of environment.

Question 3.
Differentiate between economic development and sustainable development.
Answer:
The following are the points of difference between economic and sustainable development:

Economic Development Sustainable Development
1. Economic development refers to the long­term increase in real per capita income and economic welfare. In sustainable development, besides the increase in real per capita income, the welfare of the present and future generation is taken into consideration.
2. It does not account for the exploitation of natural capital. Sustainable development emphasises on rational utilisation of natural resources.
3. It is generally used in the context of undeveloped economies. It is used for developed, developing as well as underdeveloped economies.
4. It lays special stress on the structural technical and institutional changes in the economy. It does not lay such stress on the structural, technical and institutional changes in the economy.
5. It does not emphasise on environmental protection. It gives main emphasis on environmental protection.

Question 4.
Explain the objectives of sustainable development.
Answer:
The objectives of sustainable development are:
(i) Sustained Rise in Real per Capita Income and Quality of Life: The main objective of the sustained development is to maintain the remarkable level of real per capita income and the quality of life.

(ii) Reduction in Pollution: Sustainable development aims to discard those activities which prove to
be detrimental to the natural resources and environment. Thus, reduction in the pollution at any cost is its main objective.

(iii) Rational Use of Natural Resources: Its means that people should avoid excessive or unnecessary exploitation of natural resources.

(iv) Fulfilling the Requirements of Future Generation: Sustainable development aims to minimise environmental problems and meet the needs of the present, generation without compromising the ability of the future generation to meet their own needs.

Question 5.
How does thermal power plant cause pollution?
Answer:
Thermal power plant cause pollution in the following ways:
(i) Emission of large quantities of carbon dioxide, which is a greenhouse gas
(ii) Production of fly ash, which can cause land, air and water pollution, if not used properly

Question 6.
How do animals help in biopest control?
Answer:
Snakes prey upon rats, mice and various other pests. Similarly, birds such as owls and peacocks prey upon vermin and pests. If these are allowed to dwell around the agricultural areas, they can kill variety of pests, including insects. Lizards also help in reducing the insect population in the soil. It is important to know the value of these animals and save them.

Environment and Sustainable Development Important Extra Questions HOTS

Question 1.
‘Water has become an economic commodity.’ Justify the statement.
Answer:
Water has become an economic commodity because potable water is in limited supply on the earth. We buy water in, the form of bottled water, or pay monthly bills for water consumption. Since we pay price for water on the basis of its supply and demand, it would not be technically incorrect to consider water as an economic commodity. Although water is not yet a formal commodity traded on an organised exchange, it likely will be sometime in the next two decades.

Mrs. Packletide’s Tiger Extra Questions and Answers Class 10 English Literature

Mrs. Packletide’s Tiger Extra Questions and Answers Class 10 English Literature

Here we are providing Mrs. Packletide’s Tiger Extra Questions and Answers Class 10 English Literature Reader, Extra Questions for Class 10 English was designed by subject expert teachers. https://ncertmcq.com/extra-questions-for-class-10-english/

Mrs. Packletide’s Tiger Extra Questions and Answers Class 10 English Literature

Mrs. Packletide’s Tiger Extra Questions and Answers Short Answer Type

Mrs Packletide’s Tiger Question Answers Question 1.
Who was Nimrod? Why is he mentioned in the lesson?
Answer:
Nimrod was a great hunter mentioned in the Bible. He is mentioned in a humorous tone to highlight the contrast in Mrs Packletide’s reasons for hunting a tiger. She wanted to hunt not because she was passionate about hunting but because she wanted to do something better than Loona Bimberton, her social rival.

Mrs Packletide’s Tiger MCQ Questions Class 10 Question 2.
What was Mrs Packletide’s real reason for hosting a party in Loona Bimberton’s honour?
Answer:
Once she had managed to kill the tiger she wanted to give the party to show off her success to Loona Bimberton and enjoy watching her bum with jealousy.

Mrs. Packletide’s Tiger Extra Questions and Answers Long Answer Type

Mrs Packletide’s Tiger Question Answers Class 10 Question 1.
Give a brief character sketch of the following characters, based on the clues given in the lesson:
(a) Mrs Packletide
Answer:
She was competitive by nature. She decides to go on a hunt in order to counter Loona Bimberton’s achievements. She was shrewd and manipulative. Mrs Packletide organises a hunt and offers thousand rupees to villagers to manipulate the situation. She hunts an old tiger as there was no risk involved in this task. She was vain and without a conscience. She readily poses for photographs while hiding the real facts about the hunt. She pays Mebbin to buy her silence. She was willing to go to any length to outshine. She throws a party pretending to honour Bimberton but actually to show off her achievement.

(b) Louisa Mebbin
Answer:
She is very stingy and keeps saving money. She felt that thousand rupees is too much for the old tiger. She is shrewd and mentions that they should not pay for the goat if it is not touched by the tiger. She is manipulative and blackmails Mrs Packletide and threatens to reveal facts about the hunt. She is a clevef opportunist who manages to manipulate the situation to fulfil her dream of owning a weekend cottage.

(c) Loona Bimberton
Answer:
She is .very jealous and spiteful and could not accept the success of Mrs Packletide. She refuses to attend Mrs Packletide’s party because of the bitter rivalry between the two. She is a frivolous high society lady whose life revolved around proving her supremacy over her rival. She also has an adventurous spirit and decides to take the risk of flying in an aeroplane. She is vain and hungry for publicity and ensures that she gets media coverage for her feat.

Mrs Packletide’s Tiger Important Question Answers Class 10 Question 2.
Louisa Mebbin writes a diary entry the day she manages to get the money from Mrs Packletide. She records her feelings about the tiger hunt; Mrs Packletide’s rivalry and the reason for the tiger hunt; the way the hunt was conducted; her observations about the tiger; her plans on how to spend the money she gets from Mrs Packletide. Write the entry as Louisa Mebbin.
Answer:
12 May 20XX
I am very happy that I got money out of Mrs Packletide. Mrs Packletide does not respect money. She gave thousand rupees to the villagers for hunting an old tiger. I enjoyed obtaining the upper hand over her by threatening to reveal the true facts of the hunt to Loona Bimberton. I enjoyed the shock and disbelief on Mrs Packletide’s face. I am now going to buy a weekend cottage for myself. I had never imagined that I would have the money to buy it one day. I would name it Les Fauves and a border of tiger lilies would look just fine in the garden.

Mrs Packletide’s Tiger Question Answers Pdf Class 10 Question 3.
The news of the successful tiger hunt is reported in all the major newspapers of the town. Write the report. Include the details of the hunt, the account of the villagers, comments from Mrs Packletide and Loona Bimberton.
Answer:
Heading—LADY KILLS TIGER Byline—by staff reporter
Mrs Packletide’s has achieved a great feat, by killing a tiger that was troubling a neighbouring village. The villagers were happy to be saved from the tiger. They are grateful to Mrs Packletide for this huge favour.
This was her first attempt at hunting. She sat on a platform in a tree waiting for the tiger. A goat was tethered ‘ to the tree to attract the tiger. As soon as the tiger was sighted, Mrs Packletide fired a shot and the tiger was killed. This is a huge feat of bravery.

Mrs Packletide’s Tiger Extra Questions Class 10 Question 4.
As Mrs Packletide, write a letter inviting Loona Bimberton to a party in her honour. Include a few sentences mentioning the tiger hunt and the risk you took during the hunt and your feelings at your achievement.
Answer:
21 May 20XX
Dear Loona,
There is a party being organised to celebrate the hunting of the tiger by me. People are planning to honour me for my courage and spirit of adventure. I have kept a special gift for you. It is a tiger claw brooch which is a memento from the recent tiger hunt. As you know, it was a risky affair and required a lot of courage. I managed to kill the tiger at the first instance and lots of people appreciated my effort. Villagers are grateful to me for saving them from the tiger. I hope you will attend the party. Once you come, I will also show the tiger-skin rug that has just been made.
Regards,
Laura Packletide

Mrs Packletide’s Tiger Question Answers Icse Class 10 Question 5.
The village headman is delighted to learn of the opportunity for the villagers to earn a thousand rupees by helping Mrs Packletide hunt the old tiger that is troubling the villagers. He writes in his diary about this opportunity, giving details of the instructions that he plans to give the villagers to ensure that the hunt is a success.
Answer:
21 May 20XX
I heard of an English woman who wants to hunt a tiger and is willing to pay a thousand rupees for that! I cannot believe that someone is ready to pay so much money for this! 1 am excited as I know that the tiger near the village is just right for this occasion. It is too old to harm anyone and will be easy to kill. We must ensure that it remains in the village. I must ask villagers to let their small animals loose as its prey. We must help the lady as much as possible. We should build her a platform at a safe height and arrange a rifle for her. We need to find a goat with a persistent bleat to attract the tiger. We must monitor the success of the hunt without hogging the limelight.

Mrs Packletide’s Tiger Extra Questions Class 10 Question 6.
Mrs Packletide is shocked at Louisa Mebbin’s behaviour after the hunt. She agrees to pay her the amount demanded by Mebbin. Write a letter as Mrs Packletide, expressing her feelings at being blackmailed.
Answer:
21 May 20XX
Dear Louisa,
I can’t believe you could do such a thing to me. You were being paid for the duties that you performed. Do you not feel ungrateful and disloyal when you bit the hand that was feeding you? I hope you will not reveal the secret to Loona. After all, the weekend cottage that you now possess could not have been possible without my help. I hope that I can,rely on you to keep this secret!
Regards
Laura Packletide

Mrs Packletide’s Tiger Questions And Answers Class 10 Question 7.
How does Saki expose human greed and vanity in the story Mrs. Packletide s Tiger?
Answer:
Saki exposes the negative aspects of human behaviour like greed and vanity in the story. He exposes the exploitation of big-game animals as a brutal act of violence. Loona Bimberton and Mrs Packletide, the trophy-hunters, are examples of human folly and greed in an age when killing wild animals was justified as an emblem of progress.

Mrs Packletide’s Tiger Quiz Class 10 Question 8.
In Mrs. Packletide’s Tiger Saki shows the barbarity of civilized people hidden behind their claims for benevolence. Justify.
Answer:
Saki depicts the exploitation of big-game animals as a brutal act of violence. Loona Bimberton and Mrs Packletide, the trophy-hunters, are examples of human folly and greed in an age when destroying wild animals was justified as an emblem of progress. The Human exploitation of bigger animals resulted in the gradual disappearance of some species. Saki exposes the falsehood and deception that constitute civilization.

Mrs. Packletide’s Tiger Extra Questions and Answers Reference to Context

Read the following passages taken from Mrs Packletide’s Tiger and answer the questions:

Question Answer Of Mrs Packletide Tiger Class 10  Question 1.
“Mrs Packletide had already arranged in her mind the lunch she would give at her house in Curzon Street, ostensibly in Loona Bimberton’s honour, with the tiger-skin rug occupying most of the foreground and all of the conversation. ”

(a) What was the real intention of Mrs Packletide in hosting the lunch?
Answer:
Mrs Packletide wanted to show off her exploits at the tiger hunt and make Loona Bimberton jealous of her achievements.

(b) Why was Loona Bimberton being honoured by the press?
Answer:
Loona Bimberton had travelled 11 miles in an airplane flown by an Algerian pilot.

(c) What did she intend to gift Loona on her birthday?
Answer:
Mrs Packletide intended to gift a tiger claw brooch to Loona.

Tiger Shows The Villagers His Class 10 Question 2.
“The prospect of earning thousand rupees had stimulated the sporting and commercial instinct of the villagers. ”

(a) What had stimulated the sporting and commercial instinct of the villagers?
Answer:
The thought of getting thousand rupees if they helped Mrs Packletide in hunting a tiger, had stimulated the sporting and commercial instinct of the villagers.

(b) What were the two fears that the villagers Jiad regarding the hunt?
Answer:
Firstly, the villagers were afraid that the tiger may wander off to another village and secondly, that he may die before the hunt.

(c) Why did Mrs Packletide want to hunt a tiger?
Answer:
Mrs Packletide wanted to outdo the achievements of her rival, Loona Bimberton.

Question 3.
“Mother’s carrying their babies home through the jungle after the day’s work in the fields hushed their singing lest they might curtail the restful sleep of the venerable herd-robber. ”

(a) Who does the phrase ‘venerable herd robber’ refer to? What is the literary device used in the phrase?
Answer:
The phrase refers to the tiger. It is an oxymoron.

(b) What is the tone of the writer in the line?
Answer:
The tone of the writer is humorous.

(c) What does the writer want to highlight in these lines?
Answer:
The writer wants to highlight the ridiculous lengths to which the villagers were ready fo go to ensure that the tiger stayed in the village till the hunt.

Question 4.
“With an accurately sighted rifle and a thumbnail pack ofpatience cards the sportswoman awaited the coming of the quarry. ”

(a) Who is the sportswoman and what is her quarry?
Answer:
The sportswoman is Mrs Packletide and her quarry is the tiger

(b) What arrangements were made for the person?
Answer:
A safe platform was made on a tree, a goat was tethered to a tree, a rifle was sighted for her and she had a pack of cards to pass the time.

(c) What does the mention of the cards tell us about the nature of the activity being undertaken by the woman?
Answer:
Mrs Packletide is taking the hunt in a very light hearted manner after ensuring that it was free from any kind of risk.

Question 5.
“ …the villagers anxious for their thousand rupees, gladly connived at the fiction that she had shot the beast. ”

(a) What is the ‘fiction’ being referred to in these lilies?
Answer:
It refers to the fact that the truth was something else altogether.

(b) What was the truth?
Answer:
The truth was that the tiger had actually died of a heart attack and had not been shot by Mrs Packletide.

(c) Who discovered the truth?
Answer:
Louisa Mebbin, the paid companion of Mrs Packletide discovered the truth.

Question 6.
“As for Loona Bimberton she refused to look at an illustrated paper for weeks. ”

(a) Why did Loona refuse to look at a paper?
Answer:
Loona refused to do so because it carried the news of Mrs Packletide’s tiger hunt.

(b) How did the news in the paper affect her?
Answer:
Loona Bimberton was consumed with jealousy and did not attend the luncheon party thrown by Mrs Packletide.

(c) Why did it affect her in this way?
Answer:
It affected Loona Bimberton badly because Mrs Packletide had managed to outshine her achievement.

Question 7.
“How amused everyone would be if they knew what really happened. ”

(a) Who said this to whom?
Answer:
Louisa Mebbin said these lines to Mrs Packletide.

(b) What is the speaker trying to say?
Answer:
The speaker Louisa Mebbin means to convey that she would reveal the truth about the hunt.

(c) What was the tone of the speaker?
Answer:
The tone was threatening. Louisa Mebbin was trying to blackmail Mrs Packletide.

Question 8.
“Mrs Packletide indulges in no more big-game shooting. ‘The incidental expenses ’ are so heavy. ”

(a) Why had Mrs Packletide tried to hunt a tiger?
Answer:
Mrs Packletide had wanted to outshine her rival Loona Bimberton’s achievement of having flown in an airplane, by hunting a tiger.

(b) Why was she no longer interested in shooting?
Answer:
Mrs Packletide was no longer interested in shooting as the hunt had proved to be very expensive. Not only did she have to pay the villagers, but her companion too.

(c) What does she mean by ‘incidental expenses’?
Answer:
Mrs Packletide means the expenses that she had to undergo, to buy the silence of her companion Louisa Mebbin who had threatened to reveal the truth about the hunt to her rival Loona Bimberton.

NCERT Class 9 Economics Chapter 4 Notes Food Security in India

NCERT Class 9 Economics Chapter 4 Notes

On this page, you will find NCERT Class 9 Economics Chapter 4 Notes Pdf free download. CBSE Class 9 Social Science Notes Economics Chapter 4 SST Food Security in India will seemingly, help them to revise the important concepts in less time.

Food Security in India Class 9 Notes Social Science Economics Chapter 4

CBSE Class 9 Economics Chapter 4 Notes Understanding the Lesson

1. Food is essential for living. Food security means something more than getting two square meals. Food security is ensured in a country only if all of its citizens have enough nutritious food available, all persons have the capacity to buy food of acceptable quality and there is no barrier on access to food.

2. The people living below the poverty line might be food insecure most of the time while better off people might also be food insecure at the time of a national disaster or calamity like earthquake, drought, flood, etc.

3. Due to a natural calamity, total production of food grains decreases which creates shortage of food. Due to shortage of food, the prices goes up. In such a situation poor people fail to buy food. If this condition remains for a longer time, it may cause a situation of starvation. A massive starvation might take a turn of famine.

4. Although a large section of people suffer from food and nutrition insecurity in India, the worst affected groups are landless people with little or no land in rural areas and people employed in ill- paid occupations and casual labourers engaged in seasonal activities in the urban areas.

5. The social composition along with the inability to buy food also plays a role in food insecurity. The SCs, STs and some sections of the OBCs are prone to food insecurity. A great number of women are also food insecure.

6. The food insecure people are disproportionately large in some regions of the country, such as economically backward states with high incidence of poverty, tribal and remote areas, regions prone to natural disasters, etc.

7. Hunger is another aspect indicating food insecurity. The attainment of food security therefore involves eliminating current hunger and reducing the risks of future hunger.

8. Hunger may be chronic or seasonal. Chronic hunger is a consequence of diets persistently inadequate in terms of quantity and /or quality. Seasonal hunger is related to cycles of food growing and harvesting.

9. India is aiming at self-sufficiency in food grains since Independence. The Green Revolution which took place in agriculture resulted in the increased production of food grains especially wheat and rice.

10. The increase in food grains was, however, disproportionate. It was highest in Uttar Pradesh and Punjab. But production of food grains has dropped in states like Uttarakhand, Jharkhand, Assam, etc.

11. Since the advent of the Green Revolution in the early 70s, famine-like situation has never occurred even during adverse weather conditions. India has become self-sufficient in food grains during the last thirty years because of a variety of crops grown all over the country.

12. To ensure availability of food to all sections of the society the Indian government carefully designed food security system which is composed of two components: (a) buffer stock and (b) Public Distribution System.

13. Buffer stock is the stock of food grains, namely wheat and rice procured by the government through Food Corporation of India (FCI). The FCI purchases wheat and rice from the farmers at a pre-announced price and store them in granaries. This is done to distribute food grains in the deficit areas and among the poorer section of society at a price lower than the market price.

14. The food procured by the FCI is distributed through government-regulated ration shops called the Public Distribution System (PDS). Ration shops are now present in most localities, villages, towns and cities,

15. In addition to PDS, various poverty alleviation programmes were also started which comprised a component of food security. Some of these programs are-Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS); Food-For-Work (FFW); Mid-Day-Meals, Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY), etc.

16. In addition to the role of the government in ensuring food security, there are various cooperatives and NGOs also working intensively towards this direction.

17. The cooperative societies set up shops to sell low priced goods to poor people. For example, Mother Dairy in Delhi. AMUL is another success story of cooperatives in milk and milk products from Gujarat.

18. In Maharashtra, the Academy of Development Science (ADS) has facilitated a network of NGOs for setting up grain banks in different regions.

Food Security in India Class 9 CBSE Notes Important Terms

Food security: It means availability, accessibility and affordability of food to all people at all times.

Famine: Extreme scarcity of food.

Starvation: Suffering or death caused by lack of food.

Malnutrition: Lack of proper nutrition, caused by not having enough to eat, not eating enough of the right things, or being unable to use the food that one does eat.

Hunger: A feeling of discomfort or weakness caused by lack of food, compelled with the desire to eat.

Buffer stock: The stock of food grains.

Granary: A storehouse for threshed grain.

NCERT Class 9 Economics Chapter 3 Notes Poverty as a Challenge

NCERT Class 9 Economics Chapter 3 Notes

On this page, you will find NCERT Class 9 Economics Chapter 3 Notes Pdf free download. CBSE Class 9 Social Science Notes Economics Chapter 3 SST Poverty as a Challenge will seemingly, help them to revise the important concepts in less time.

Poverty as a Challenge Class 9 Notes Social Science Economics Chapter 3

CBSE Class 9 Economics Chapter 3 Notes Understanding the Lesson

1. Poverty is a major challenge faced by independent India. It has many dimensions, normally, this is measured through the concept of ‘Poverty line’.

2. A common method used to measure poverty is based on the income or consumption levels. A person is considered poor if his or her income or consumption level falls below a given ‘minimum level’ necessary to fulfil basic needs.

3. What is necessary to satisfy basic needs is different at different times and in different countries. Therefore, poverty line may vary with time and place.

4. While determining the poverty line in India, a minimum level of food requirement, clothing, footwear, fuel and light, educational and medical requirement, etc; are determined for subsistence.

5. These physical quantities are multiplied by their prices in rupees. The present formula for food requirements while estimating the poverty line is based on the desired calorie requirement.

6. The calorie needs vary depending on age, sex and type work that a person does. The accepted average calorie requirement in India is 2400 calories per person per day in rural areas and 2100 calories per person per day in urban areas.

7. For the age 2011-12, the poverty line for a person was fixed at ? 816 per month for the rural areas and? 1000 for the urban areas.

8. In the year 2011-12, a family of five members living in rural areas and earning less than about? 4,080 per month will be below the poverty line. A similar family in urban areas would need a minimum of ? 5,000 per month to meet their basic requirements.

9. The poverty line is estimated periodically by conducting sample surveys which are carried out by the National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO).

10. There is substantial decline in poverty ratios in India between 1993-94 and 2004-05 but the number of poor remained at about 407 million which further declined to 269 million in 2011-12.

11. The social groups which are most vulnerable to poverty are scheduled caste and scheduled tribe households. Among the economic groups, the rural agricultural labour households and the urban casual labour households are the most vulnerable groups. In poor families, women, elderly people and female infants are considered poorest of the poor.

12. The proportion of poor people is not the same in every state of India. Bihar and Odisha continue to be the two poorest states with poverty ratios of 33.7 and 37.6 per cent respectively.

13. In states like Kerala, Jammu and Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat and West Bengal there has been a significant decline in poverty. States like Punjab and Haryana have also succeeded in reducing poverty to a great extent.

14. There has also been a substantial reduction in global poverty. But it is marked with great regional differences. Poverty declined substantially in China and Southeast Asian countries but in countries of I South Asia i.e. India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh and Bhutan, the decline has not been rapid.

15. In Sub-Saharan Africa, poverty rose from 51 per cent in 1981 to 47 per cent in 2008. In Latin America, the ratio of poverty remained the same.

16. The causes of widespread poverty in India are—the low level of economic development under the British colonial administration, high growth rate of population, huge income inequalities and socio­cultural and economic factors.

17. Removal of poverty has been one of the major objectives of Indian developmental strategy. The government is focusing on the promotion of economic growth. It has also started many anti-poverty schemes/programmes.

18. There are many schemes which are formulated to affect poverty directly or indirectly. Some of them are – Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, (MGNREGA), Prime Minister Rozgar Yozana (PMRY), Rural Employment Generation Programme (REGP), Swarnajayaanti Gram Swarozgar Yozana (SGSY), Pradhanmantri Gramodaya Yozana (PMGY), and Antyodaya Anna Yozana (AAY).

19. Poverty has certainly declined in India. But poverty reduction is still India’s most compelling challenge. Poverty reduction is expected to make better progress in the next ten to fifteen years.

20. Even though we will be able to provide the minimum necessary in terms of income to all people by the end of the next decade, but the target will move on for many of the bigger challenges that still remain. For example, providing health care, education and job security for all and achieving gender equality and dignity for the poor. These are some of the issues which also need to be focused.

Poverty as a Challenge Class 9 CBSE Notes Important Terms

Poverty: The state of being extremely poor.

Poverty line: The estimated minimum level of income needed to secure the necessities of life.

Challenge: Something that needs great mental or physical effort in order to be done successfully and therefore tests a persons’ ability.

Human poverty: A situation in which people have food, clothing and shelter but don’t have proper education, self-confidence, gender equality and dignity.

Poverty alleviation: Removal of poverty.

NCERT Class 9 Economics Chapter 2 Notes People as Resource

NCERT Class 9 Economics Chapter 2 Notes

On this page, you will find NCERT Class 9 Economics Chapter 2 Notes Pdf free download. CBSE Class 9 Social Science Notes Economics Chapter 2 SST People as Resource will seemingly, help them to revise the important concepts in less time.

People as Resource Class 9 Notes Social Science Economics Chapter 2

CBSE Class 9 Economics Chapter 2 Notes Understanding the Lesson

1. Population becomes human capital when there is investment made in the form of education, training and medical care. Human capital is the stock of skill and productive knowledge.

2. Higher incomes are earned because of the higher productivity of the more educated or the better-trained persons, as well as the higher productivity of healthier people. Society also gains indirectly because the advantages of a more educated or a healthier population spreads to those also who themselves were not directly educated or given health care.

3. Human capital is superior to other resources like land and physical capital because it is human resource that can make use of land and capital. The large population of India can be turned into a productive asset by investment in human capital.

4. Investment in human resource via education and medical care can give high rates of return in the future in the form of higher earnings and greater contribution to society. Countries like Japan have invested in human resources. They did not have any natural resources. These countries are developed countries because they have invested on people especially in the field of education and health.

5. People have been engaged in various economic activities which have been classified into three main sectors-primary, secondary and tertiary. Primary sector includes agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishing, etc. Secondary sector includes manufacturing. Trade, transport, communication, tourism, etc. come under tertiary sector.

6. Economic activities are also called market activities as they involve remuneration. Non-market activities are the production for self-consumption. The earning of any individual in the market depends mainly on education and skill. Since a majority of women lack good education and skill so they are paid low compared to men.

7. The quality of population depends upon the literacy rate, health of a person, indicated by life expectancy and skill formation acquired by the people of the country. The quality of the population ultimately decides the growth rate of the country. Educated and healthy people are an asset.

8. Education is an important input for the growth of an individual. Education also contributes towards the growth of society. It enhances the national income, cultural richness and increases the efficiency of governance. Sarva Siksha Abhiyan is a significant step towards providing elementary education to all children in the age group of six to fourteen years.

9. The health of a person helps him to realise his potential and the ability to fight illness. An unhealthy person becomes a liability. So, improvement in health status of the population has the priority of the country.

10. Unemployment is a big problem in our country. In rural areas, there is seasonal and disguised unemployment. Urban areas have mostly educated unemployment.

11. Unemployment leads to wastage of manpower resource. People who are an asset for the economy turn into a liability. Unemployment tends to increase economic overload. The dependence of the unemployed on the working population increases. The quality of life of an individual as well as society is adversely affected.

12. The employment structure is characterised by self-employment in the primary sector. Agriculture is the most labour absorbing sector of the economy. In recent years there has been a decline m the dependence of population on agriculture. Some of the surplus-labour in agriculture has moved to either the secondary or tertiary sector.

People as Resource Class 9 CBSE Notes Important Terms

Population: All the inhabitants of a particular place.

Human Capital: The stock of skill and productive knowledge embodied in people.

Investment: Purchase of goods that are not consumed today but are used in future to create wealth.

Physical Capital: Wealth in the form of money or other assets owned by a person or organization.

Liability: A person or thing whose presence or behaviour is likely to put one at a disadvantage.

Vocational Education: Educational training that provides practical experience in a particular occupational field, agriculture home economics, industry.

Illiterate: One who is unable to read or write.

Asset: A useful or valuable thing or person.

Elementary education: A period of formal education following pre-school but before high school.

Life expectancy: The average period that a person may expect to live.

Subsistence level: A standard of living or wage that provides only the bare necessities of life.

Biotechnology: The exploitation of biological processes for industrial and purposes, especially the genetic manipulation micro-organisms for the production of antibiotics, hormones, etc.

Surplus: An amount of something left over when requirements have been met.

NCERT Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 Notes The Story of Village Palampur

NCERT Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 Notes

On this page, you will find NCERT Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 Notes Pdf free download. CBSE Class 9 Social Science Notes Economics Chapter 1 SST The Story of Village Palampur will seemingly, help them to revise the important concepts in less time.

The Story of Village Palampur Class 9 Notes Social Science Economics Chapter 1

CBSE Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 Notes Understanding the Lesson

1. Farming is the main production activity in the village. Other activities are small scale manufacturing, dairy, transport, etc. However, these activities are carried on a limited scale.

2. All the production activities need various types of resources such as natural resources, man-made items, human effort, money, etc. These resources are combined to produce the desired goods and services in the village.

3. There are four requirements for production of goods and services-land, labour, physical capital and human capital. These are called factors of production.

4. Land area under cultivation is practically fixed in the village. However, over the years there have been many important changes in the way farming is practised. These have allowed the farmers to produce more crops from the same amount of land. But in raising production a great deal of pressure has been put on land and other natural resources.

5. The new ways of farming need less land, but much more capital. The medium and large farmers are able to arrange for capital during the next season. But the small farmers, who constitute about 80 per cent of total farmers in India, find it difficult to obtain capital.

6. Small farmers have small size of plots, so their production is not enough. These farmers have to do additional work as farm labourers to feed themselves and their families.

7. Labour being the most abundant factor of production, it would be ideal if new ways of farming used much more labour. But such a thing has not happened. The use of labour on farms is limited. The labour, looking for opportunities is thus migrating to neighbouring villages, towns and cities. Some labour has entered the non-farm sector in the village.

8. At present, the non-farm sector in the village is not very large. Though there is a variety of non-farm activities in the villages, the number of people employed in each is quite small.

9. Unlike farming, non-farming activities require little land. People with some amount of capital can set up non-farm activities. To obtain capital, one can either use his own savings, or can take a loan. It is important that loan be available at low rate of interest so that even people without saving can start some non-farm activity.

10. Another thing which is essential for expansion of non-farm activities is to have markets where the goods and services produced can be sold. In Palampur, the neighbouring villages, towns and cities provide the markets for milk, jaggery, wheat, etc.

11. Opportunities for non-farm activities in villages would increase if they get connected to towns and cities through good roads, transport and telephone.

The Story of Village Palampur Class 9 CBSE Notes Important Terms

Goods: In economics, good are materials that satisfy human wants and provide utility.

Services: A system supplying a public need such as transport, communications, or utilities, such as electricity and water.

Production: The action of making or manufacturing from components or raw materials, or the process of being so manufactured.

Land: Primary input and factor of production which is not consumed but without which no production is possible.

Physical capital: A factor of production or input into the process of production, such as machinery, buildings or computers.

Fixed capital: That portion of the total capital outlay that is invested in fixed assets such as land, buildings, vehicles, plant and equipment, that stay in the business almost permanently, or over many years.

Working capital: Raw materials and money in hand are called working capital.

Human capital: The skills, knowledge, and experience possessed by an individual or population, viewed in terms of their value or cost to an organisation or country.

Pesticide: A substance used for destroying insects or other organisms harmful to cultivated plants or to animals.

Multiple cropping: Growing more than one crop on a price of land during the year.

Capital: Wealth other than land which is used in production of goods or services.

NCERT Class 9 Civics Chapter 6 Notes Democratic Rights

NCERT Class 9 Civics Chapter 6 Notes

On this page, you will find NCERT Class 9 Civics Chapter 6 Notes Pdf free download. CBSE Class 9 Social Science Notes Civics Chapter 6 SST Democratic Rights will seemingly, help them to revise the important concepts in less time.

Democratic Rights Class 9 Notes Social Science Civics Chapter 6

CBSE Class 9 Civics Chapter 6 Notes Understanding the Lesson

1. Elections and institutions are major elements of a democratic government, no doubt, but if these two elements are combined with a third element called enjoyment of rights, the government becomes more democratic.

2. Citizens democratic rights are important and they should not be violated in any circumstances. We need rights because we cannot lead a smooth life without them.

3. All of us want to live happily, without fear and without being subjected to degraded treatment. For this we expect others to behave in such a way that does not harm us or hurt us. Equally, our actions should not harm or hurt others. So a right is possible when one makes a claim that is equally possible for others.

4. Rights have to be recognized by the society we live in. What is recognized by the society as rightful becomes the basics of rights.

5. When the socially recognized claims are written into law they acquire real force and they become enforceable. We can then demand their application. When fellow citizens or the government do not respect these rights we can approach courts to protect our rights.

6. A democracy can run smoothly if its citizens have certain rights, such as the right to vote, the right to be elected to government, etc.

7. Rights also protect ministries from the oppression of majority. They ensure that the majority cannot do whatever it likes.

8. It is the duty of the government to protect the citizens’ right. But sometimes elected governments may not protect or may even attack the rights of their own citizens. That is why some rights are placed higher than the government, so that the government cannot violate them.

9. In India, like most other democracies in the world, the basic rights of the citizens are written down in the Constitution. Some rights which are fundamental to our life are given a special status and are called Fundamental Rights.

10. Our Constitutions provides for six Fundamental Rights—Right to Equality, Right to Freedom, Right to Freedom of Religion, Right against Exploitation, Cultural and Educational Rights and Right to Constitutional Remedies.

11. These are the rights that are essential for an individual to develop his or her personality and lead a life with dignity. These rights are important for the very sustenance of a democracy. If people are not free and equal they cannot enjoy their Fundamental Rights.

12. The Fundamental Rights in the Constitution are important because they are enforceable. We have the right to seek the enforcement of these rights. This is called the Right to Constitutional Remedies. This itself is a fundamental right and makes other rights effective.

13. Fundamental rights are guaranteed against the actions of the Legislatures, the executive and any other authorities instituted by the government. There can be no law or action that violates the Fundamental Rights.

14. The Supreme Court and High Courts have the power to issue directions, orders or writs for the enforcement of the Fundamental Rights. They can also award compensation to the victims and punishment to the violators.

15. In recent years anyone can approach the courts if public interest is hurt by the actions of government. This is called Public Interest Litigation (PIL). Under the PIL any citizen or group of citizens can approach the Supreme Court or a High Court for the protection of public interest against a particular law or action of the government.

16. Apart from the Fundamental Rights, our Constitution and law offers many other rights too like Right to Freedom of Press, Right to Information and Right to Education.

17. Now school education has become a right for Indian citizens. The governments are responsible for providing free and compulsory education too all children up to the age of 14 years.

18. Recently the Supreme Court has expanded the meaning of the Right to Life to include the Right to Food. Our Constitution provides many more rights, which may not be Fundamental Rights. For example, Right to Vote in elections is an important Constitutional right.

19. With the expansion of democracy all over the world, the scope of rights has expanded. The Amnesty International is an organization that brings out independent reports on the violation of Human Rights all over the world.

Democratic Rights Class 9 CBSE Notes Important Terms

Right: Reasonable claim of a person recognised by society and sanctioned by law.

Claim: Demand for legal or moral entitlements a person makes on fellow citizens, society or the government.

Amnest International: An International Human Rights organization that brings out independent reports on the violation of Human Rights all over the world.

Trafficking: Selling and buying of men, women or children for immoral purposes.

Dalit: A person who belongs to the castes which were considered low and not touchable by others.

Ethnic group: A human population whose members usually identify with each other on the basis of a common ancestry.

Writ: A formal document containing an order of the court to the government issued only by High Courts or the Supreme Courts.

Summon: An order issued by a court asking a person to appear before it.

Covenant: Promise made by individuals, groups or countries to upload a rule or principle. It is legally binding on the signatories to the agreements or statement.

NCERT Class 9 Civics Chapter 5 Notes Working of Institutions

NCERT Class 9 Civics Chapter 5 Notes

On this page, you will find NCERT Class 9 Civics Chapter 5 Notes Pdf free download. CBSE Class 9 Social Science Notes Civics Chapter 5 SST Working of Institutions will seemingly, help them to revise the important concepts in less time.

Working of Institutions Class 9 Notes Social Science Civics Chapter 5

CBSE Class 9 Civics Chapter 5 Notes Understanding the Lesson

1. In a democracy the rulers have to follow some rules and procedures. They have to work with and within institutions.

2. Three institutions are those that play a key role in major decisions-legislature, executive and judiciary. These institutions together carry on the work of government.

3. A democracy works well when these institutions perform functions assigned to them. The Constitution of any country lays down basic rules on the powers and functions of each institution.

4. In India, a national assembly of elected representatives is called Parliament. At the state level this is called Legislative or Legislative Assembly.

5. Parliament is the final authority for making laws in any country. It is the highest forum of discussion and debate on public issues and national policy in any country.

6. In our country, the Parliament consists of two houses-The council of states or the Rajya Sabha and the house of the people or the Lok Sabha. The President of India is a part of the Parliament.

7. Our Constitution gives the Rajya Sabha some special powers over the states. But on most matters, the Lok Sabha exercises supreme power.

8. The Lok Sabha controls the Council of Ministers. Only a person who enjoys the support of the majority of the members in the Lok Sabha is appointed the Prime Minister.

9. The executive execute the policies of the government. In a democratic country, two categories make up the executive-the political executive and the permanent executive or civil services.

10. Persons working in civil services are called civil servants. They remain in office even when the ruling party changes. These officers work under political executive and assist them in carrying out the day to day administration.

11. The political executive has more power than the non-political executive. It means the minister is more powerful than the civil servant. The reason behind this is that the minister is elected by the people and thus empowered to exercise the will of the people on their behalf.

12. Prime Minister is the most important political institution in the country. The President appoints the leader of the majority party or the coalition of parties that commands a majority in the Lok Sabha, as Prime Minister.

13. After the appointment of the Prime Minister, the president appoints other ministers on the advice of the Prime Minister. There are about 60 to 80 Ministers of different ranks-Cabinet Ministers, Ministers of State with independent charge and Minister of State.

14. The cabinet works as a team. The ministers may have different views and opinions, but everyone has to own up to every decision of the cabinet. The Cabinet is assisted by the cabinet secretariat.

15. The Prime Minister is the most powerful within the cabinet. He/She chairs cabinet meetings and coordinates the work of different departments. His decisions are final in case of disagreements between departments.

16. In recent years the rise of coalition politics has imposed certain constraints on the power of the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister of a coalition government cannot take decisions as he likes.

17. The President is the head of the state. In our political system the head of the state exercises only nominal powers. His/her functions are to a large extent ceremonial . He supervises the overall functioning of all the political institutions in the country so that they operate in harmony to achieve the objectives of the state.

18. All governmental activities take place in the name of the President. All laws and major policy decisions of the government are issued in his/her name. All major appointments are made in the name of the President.

19. In the last comes the judiciary. It included all the courts at different levels in a country. The Indian judiciary consists of a Supreme Court for the entire nation, High Courts in the states, District Courts and the courts at local level.

20. The Supreme Court controls the judicial administration in the country. Its decisions are binding on all other courts of the country.

21. In India, courts are independent of the legislature and the executive. The judges do not act on the direction of the government or according to the wishes of the party in power.

22. The judiciary in India is one of the most powerful in the world. The Supreme Court and the High Courts have the power to interpret the Constitution of the country.

23. The powers and the independence of the Indian judiciary allow it to act as the guardian of the Fundamental Rights.

24. Anyone can approach the courts of public interest is hurt by the actions of government. This is called public interest litigation. The courts intervene to prevent the misuse of the government’s power to make decisions.

Working of Institutions Class 9 CBSE Notes Important Terms

Government: A set of institutions that have the power to make, implement and interpret laws so as to ensure an orderly life. It administers and supervises over citizens and resources of a country.

Office memorandum: A communication issued by an appropriate authority stating the policy or decision of the government.

State: Political association occupying a definite territory, having an organised government and possessing power to make domestic and foreign policies. Governments may change, but the state continues.

Legislature: An assembly of people’s representatives with the power to enact laws for a country.

Executive: A body of persons having the authority to initiate major policies, make decisions and implement them on the basis of the Constitution and laws of the country.

Political institution: A set of procedures for regulating the conduct of government and political life in the country.

Coalition government: A government formed by an alliance of two or more political parties, usually when no single party enjoys majority support of the members in a legislature.

Reservations: A policy that declares some positions in government employment and educational institutions ‘reserved’ for people and communities who have been discriminated against, are disadvantaged and backward.

Judiciary: An institution empowered to administer justice and provide a mechanism for the resolution of legal disputes. All the courts in the country are collectively referred to as judiciary.