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In this page, we are providing Online Education for Atoms and Molecules Class 9 Extra Questions and Answers Science Chapter 3 pdf download. NCERT Extra Questions for Class 9 Science Chapter 3 Atoms and Molecules with Answers will help to score more marks in your CBSE Board Exams. https://ncertmcq.com/extra-questions-for-class-9-science/

Online Education for Class 9 Science Chapter 3 Extra Questions and Answers Atoms and Molecules

Extra Questions for Class 9 Science Chapter 3 Atoms and Molecules with Answers Solutions

Atoms and Molecules Class 9 Extra Questions Very Short Answer Type

Atoms And Molecules Class 9 Extra Questions Question 1.
Define atomic mass unit.
Answer:
Atomic mass unit of an element is one twelfth (1/12th) of the mass of one atom of carbon-12.

Class 9 Science Chapter 3 Extra Questions And Answers Question 2.
Write the valency of sulphur in H₂S, SO₂ and SO₃.
Answer:
The valency of sulphur in H₂S, SO₂ and SO₃ are 2, 4, and 6 respectively.

Atoms And Molecules Extra Questions Question 3.
What is the difference between 2H and H₂?
Answer:
2H means two atoms of hydrogen, H₂ means a molecule of hydrogen which contains two atoms.

Class 9 Atoms And Molecules Extra Questions Question 4.
Where do we use the words mole and mol?
Answer:
We use the word mole to define the number of atoms, molecules, ions or particles having a mass equal to its atomic or molecular mass in grams, while as a unit, we call it mol.

Extra Questions On Atoms And Molecules Class 9 Question 5.
The valency of an element A is 4. Write the formula of its oxide.
Answer:
The formula of its oxide is A₂O₂ or AO₂.

Extra Questions Of Atoms And Molecules Class 9 Question 6.
Why are Dalton’s symbols not used in chemistry?
Answer:
Dalton was the first scientist to use the symbol for the name of the elements in a specific sense but it was difficult to memorise and in use, so Dalton’s symbols are not used in chemistry.

Class 9 Science Ch 3 Extra Questions Question 7.
Which postulate of Dalton’s Atomic theory is the basis of law of conservation of mass?
Answer:
“Atoms can neither be created nor destroyed a physical or a chemical change”.

Class 9 Chapter 3 Science Extra Questions Question 8.
Calculate the formula unit mass of CaCl₂. [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
Atomic mass of Ca + (2 × atomic mass of Cl)
= 40 + 2 × 35.5 = 40 + 71 = 111 u.

Ch 3 Science Class 9 Extra Questions Question 9.
What does the symbol ‘u’ represent?
Answer:
The symbol ‘u’ represents unified mass.

Class 9 Chemistry Chapter 3 Extra Questions Question 10.
Avogadro’s number represents how many particles?
Answer:
Avogadro’s numbers (N₀) represents 6.022 × 10²³ particles.

Mole Concept Class 9 Extra Questions Question 11.
Formula of the carbonate of a metal M is M₂CO₃. Write the formula of its chloride.
Answer:
The valency of the metal (M) in M₂CO₃ is (1+) i.e., metal exists as M⁺ ion. Therefore, the formula of metal chloride is MCl.

Atom And Molecules Class 9 Extra Questions Question 12.
Sample A contains one gram molecule of oxygen molecules and Sample B contains one mole of oxygen molecules. What is the ratio of the number of molecules in both the samples?
Answer:
One gram molecules is the same as one gram mole of a substance. Therefore, both the samples A and B contain the same number of molecules (6.022 × 10)²³ and the ratio is 1: 1.

Class 9 Ch 3 Science Extra Questions Question 13.
Name the compound Al₂(SO₄)₃ and mention the ions present in it.
Answer:
The compound is called aluminium sulphate; cation: Al³⁺; anion: (SO₄)^2-

Class 9 Science Chapter 3 Extra Questions Question 14.
Chemical symbol of sodium is Na. What is its Latin name?
Answer:
Natrium.

Class 9 Science Atoms And Molecules Extra Questions Question 15.
Give one example of a polyatomic cation.
Answer:
NH₄⁺ (Ammonium ion).

Atoms And Molecules Class 9 Extra Numerical Questions Question 16.
MNO₃ is the formula of nitrate of metal M. Write the formula of its oxide.
Answer:
M₂O

Ncert Class 9 Science Chapter 3 Extra Questions Question 17.
A vessel contains W molecules of oxygen at a certain temperature and pressure. How many molecules of sulphur dioxide can the vessel accommodate at the same temperature and pressure?
Answer:
N molecules.

Atoms And Molecules Class 9 Extra Questions With Answers Question 18.
What do you understand by a polyatomic ion? Give two examples.
Answer:
A group of atoms carrying positive or negative charge is called a polyatomic ion, e.g., NO₃^–, SO₄^2-, NH₄⁺

Chapter 3 Science Class 9 Extra Questions Question 19.
Give two examples each of bivalent cations and bivalent anions.
Answer:
Bivalent cations = Zn²⁺, Ca²⁺. Bivalent anions = SO₄^2-, C₃^2-.

Science Class 9 Chapter 3 Extra Questions Question 20.
What is ‘molar volume’? What is its value?
Answer:
The volume occupied by one mole of a gas under standard conditions of temperature and pressure, i.e., STP conditions (0°C and 1 atmosphere i.e., pressure) is called molar volume of the gas. Its value is 22.4 L at STP.

Question 21.
What is the valency of calcium in CaCO₃?
Answer:
The valency of Ca in CaCO₃ is 2⁺ [i.e. Ca²⁺].

Question 22.
Can we regard sodium as a monoatomic element?
Answer:
No, sodium is a metal and does not exist as a single atom.

Question 23.
What happens to an element ‘A’ if its atom gains two electrons?
Answer:
It changes to a divalent anion [A^2-].

Question 24.
Do atoms in some of the elements have actually fractional mass?
Answer:
No, the atoms do not have fractional mass. Only their average comes out to be in fraction in elements which exists as isotopes.

Atoms and Molecules Class 9 Extra Questions Short Answer Type 1

Question 1.
Cinnabar (HgS) is a prominent ore of mercury. How many grams of mercury are present in 225 g of pure HgS? Molar mass of Hg and S are 200.6 g mol^-1 and 32 g mol^-1 respectively. [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
Molar mass of HgS = 200.6 + 32 = 232.6 g mol^-1
Mass of Hg in 232.6 g of HgS = 200.6 g
Mass of Hg in 225 g of HgS = \(\frac { 200.6 }{ 232.6 }\) × 225 = 194.05 g.

Question 2.
A gold sample contains 90% of gold and the rest copper. How many atoms of gold are present in one gram of this sample of gold? [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
One gram of gold sample will contain = \(\frac { 90 }{ 100 }\) = 0.9 g of gold
Atomic mass of gold =
= \(\frac { 0.9 }{ 197 }\)
One mole of gold contains N₀ atoms = 6.022 × 10²³
0.0046 mole of gold will contain = 0.0046 × 6.022 × 10²³
= 2.77 × 10²¹

Question 3.
A sample of ethane (C₂H₆) gas has the same mass as 1.5 × 10²⁰ molecules of methane (CH₄). How many C₂H₆ molecules does the sample of the gas contain? [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:

Question 4.
Write the cations and anions present (if any) in the following compounds
(a) CH₃COONa
(b) NaCl
(c) H₂
(d) NH₄NO₃
Answer:

Question 5.
How many molecules of water are present in a drop of water which has a mass of 50 mg?
Answer:
We know that:
1 mole of a compound = 6.023 × 10²³ atoms
= Gram molecular mass
Gram molecular mass of H₂O = 18 g
18 g = 6.023 × 10²³ atoms

Question 6.
Find the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom of an element X which is represented as ²⁰⁷ X₈₂.
Answer:
The element is ²⁰⁷ X₈₂.
Now, 82 = Atomic Number
207 = Mass Number.

(a) Atomic number = Number of protons
82 = Number of protons.

(b) Mass number = Number of protons + Number of neutrons
207 = 82 + Number of neutrons
207 – 82 = Number of neutrons
125 = Number of neutrons.

Question 7.
Calculate the molar mass of Na₂SO₄ and CaCO₃.
Answer:
Molar Mass of Na₂SO₄ =
2 × Mass of sodium + 1 × Mass of sulphur + 4 × Mass of oxygen
= 2 × 23 + 1 × 32 + 4 × 16
= 46 + 32 + 64
= 142 a.m.u.

Molar Mass of CaCO₃ =
1 × Mass of calcium + 1 × Mass of carbon + 3 × Mass of oxygen
= 40 + 12 + 3 × 16
= 40 + 12 + 48
= 100 a.m.u.

Question 8.
What is wrong with the statement ‘1 mol of hydrogen’?
Answer:
The statement is not correct. We must always write whether hydrogen is in atomic form or molecular form. The correct statement is 1 mole of hydrogen atoms or one mole of hydrogen molecules.

Question 9.
(a) Calculate the relative molecular mass of water (H₂O). [NCERT Exemplar]
(b) Calculate the molecular mass of HNO₃.
Answer:
(a) Atomic mass of hydrogen = 1 u,
oxygen = 16 u
So the molecular mass of water, which contains two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen is
= 2 × 1 + 1 × 16 = 18u

(b) The molecular mass of HNO₃ = the atomic mass of H + the atomic mass of N + 3 × the atomic mass of O
= 1 + 14 + 48 = 63 u

Question 10.
Identify the cations and anions in the following compounds:
(a) CH₃COONa
(b) NH₃
(c) NH₄
(d) SrCl₂
Answer:
(a) Na⁺, C₃H₃COO^–
(b) It is a molecular compound
(c) NH₄⁺, Cl^–
(d) Sr²⁺, 2Cl^–

Question 11.
Calculate the total number of electrons present in 1.6 g of methane.
Answer:
Molecular mass of CH₄ = 12+ 1 × 4 = 16 g
16 g = 1 mole
1.6 g = 0.1 mole
1 mole of CH₄ has 6.02 × 10²³ molecules.
0.1 mole has 6.02 × 10²² molecules.
1 molecule of methane contains (6 + 1 × 4) = 10 electrons
∴ 6.02 × 10²² molecule will contain = 10 × 6.02 × 10²² = 6.02 × 10²³ electrons.

Question 12.
A 0.24 g sample of a compound of oxygen and boron was found by analysis to contain 0.096 g of boron and 0.144 g of oxygen. Calculate the percentage composition of the compound by weight.
Answer:
% oi any element in a compound =
% of boron = \(\frac { 0.096 }{ 0.24 }\) × 100 = 40%
% of oxygen = \(\frac { 0.144 }{ 0.24 }\) × 100 = 60%.

Question 13.
The percentage composition of sodium phosphate as determined by analysis is 42.1% sodium, 18.9% phosphorus and 39% oxygen. Find the empirical formula of the compound.(Work upto two decimal places).
(Atomic masses: Na = 23, P = 31, O = 16)
Answer:

Empirical formula = Na₃PO₄.

Question 14.
A sample of vitamin C is known to contain 2.58 × 10²⁴ oxygen atoms. How many moles of oxygen atoms are present in the sample?
Answer:
1 mole of oxygen atom = 6.023 × 10²³ atoms
Number of moles of oxygen atoms = \(\frac{2.58 \times 10^{24}}{6.022 \times 10^{23}}\) = 4.28 mol
4.28 moles of oxygen atoms.

Question 15.
The empirical formula of a compound is C₂H₄O. Its relative molecular mass is 88. Find the molecular formula.
Answer:
Let the molecular formula be (C₂H₄O)n.
Molecular mass = n × empirical formula mass 88 = n × (2 × 12 + 4 × 1 + 16)
n = \(\frac { 88 }{ 44 }\) = 2
The molecular formula is (C₂H₄O)₂ = C₄H₈O₂.

Question 16.
What is the mass in grams of one molecule of caffeine (C₈H₁₀N₄O₂)?
Answer:
1 mole of caffeine molecules = Gram molecular mass of C₈H₁₀N₄O₂
= 8 × 12 + 10 × 1 + 4 × 14 + 2 × 16g
= 96 + 10 + 56 + 32 g = 194 g
Also, 1 mole of caffeine molecules = 6.022 × 10²³ molecules
Thus, 6.022 × 1023 molecules of caffeine have mass = 194 g
1 molecule of caffeine will have mass = \(\frac{194}{6.022 \times 10^{23}}\) g = 3.22 × 10^-22

Question 17.
What is the difference between cation and anion?
Answer:
Cation:

• It is positively charged, exam: Na⁺
• It is formed from metal atoms.
• On passing electric current, it moves towards cathode.
• It is smaller in size than its parent atom.

Anion:

• It is negatively charged, example : Cl^–
• It is formed from non-metal atoms.
• On passing electric current, it moves towards anode.
• It is larger in size than its parent atom.

Question 18.
Differentiate between:
(i) Atom and molecule.
(ii) Molecular mass and formula of unit mass.
Answer:
(i) Atoms cannot exist independently but molecules can.

(ii) Molecular mass in the sum of masses of the atoms in the molecule whereas, formula unit mass is sum of atomic masses of the atoms in its empirical formula.

Atoms and Molecules Class 9 Extra Questions Short Answer Type 2

Question 1.
Calcium chloride when dissolved in water dissociates into its ions according to the following equation.
CaCl₂(aq) → Ca²⁺ (aq) + 2Cl^–(aq)
Calculate the number of ions obtained from CaCl₂ when 222 g of it is dissolved in water. [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
1 mole of calcium chloride = 111 g
222 g of CaCl₂ is equivalent to 2 moles of CaCl₂ Since 1 formula unit of CaCl₂ gives 3 ions, therefore, 1 mol of CaCl₂ will give 3 moles of ions.
2 moles of CaCl₂ would give 3 × 2 = 6 moles of ions.
No. of ions = No. of moles of ions × Avogadro number
= 6 × 6.022 × 10²³
= 36.132 × 10²³
= 3.6 132 × 10²⁴ ions.

Question 2.
Give the formulae of the compounds formed from the following sets of elements. [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) Calcium and fluorine
(b) Hydrogen and sulphur
(c) Nitrogen and hydrogen
(d) Carbon and chlorine
(e) Sodium and oxygen
(f) Carbon and oxygen
Answer:
(a) CaF₂
(b) H₂S
(c) NH₃
(d) CCl₄
(e) Na₂O
(f) CO, CO₂

Question 3.
A compound was found to have the following percentage composition by mass Zn = 22.65%, S = 11.15%, H = 4.88%, O = 61.32%. The relative molecular mass is 287 g/mol. Find the molecular formula of the compound, assuming that all the hydrogen in the compound is present in water of crystallisation.
Answer:
Zn : S : O : H = \(\frac { 22.65 }{ 65 }\) : \(\frac { 11.15 }{ 32 }\) : \(\frac { 61.32 }{ 16 }\) : \(\frac { 4.88 }{ 1 }\)
= 0.3485 : 0.3484 : 3.833 : 4.88
To obtained an integral ratio, we divide by smallest number
= \(\frac { 0.3485 }{ 0.3484 }\) : \(\frac { 0.3484 }{ 0.3484 }\) : \(\frac { 3.833 }{ 0.3484 }\) : \(\frac { 4.88 }{ 0.3484 }\)
= 1 : 1 : 11 : 14
∴ Empirical formula is Zn SO₁₁H₁₄.
Let molecules formula be (ZnSO₁₁H₁₄)n.
RMM for the molecules = n [65 + 32 + (11 × 16) + 14]
Formula = 287
287 n = 287
n = 1
∴ Molecular formula is ZnSO₁₁H₁₄.

Question 4.
What are the failures of Dalton Atomic theory?
Answer:
Failures of Dalton Atomic Theory are:

1. Atom is not the smallest particle as it is made up of protons, neutrons and electrons.
2. Atom’s mass can be transformed to energy (E = mc²) and hence can be created and destroyed.
3. Atoms of one element have been changed into atoms of another element through artificial transmutation of elements.
4. Atoms of same element need not resemble each other in all respects as isotopes (different forms of same element) exist.
5. Atoms of different elements need not differ in all respects as isobars (same forms of different elements) exist.

Question 5.
The following questions are about one mole of sulphuric acid [H₂SO₄]?
(a) Find the number of gram atoms of hydrogen in it.
(b) How many atoms of hydrogen does it have?
(c) How many atoms (in grams) of hydrogen are present for every gram atom of oxygen in it?
(d) Calculate the number of atoms in H₂SO₄?
1 mole of H₂SO₄ = Gram Molecular mass = 6.023 × 10²³ molecules
Answer:
(a) In H₂SO₄ → 2 gram atoms of hydrogen are present

(b) One mole of H₂SO₄ contains = 6.023 × 10²³ molecules
= 2 × 6.023 × 10²³ atoms of H + 6.023 × 10²³ atoms of S + 4 × 6.023 ×10²³ atoms of O
∴ 2H = 2 × 6.023 × 10²³
= 12.046 × 10²³

(c) In H₂SO₄;
For every 2 hydrogen there are oxygen atoms
So for 1 hydrogen = \(\frac { 4 }{ 2 }\) = oxygen are present
= 2 oxygen atoms are present o
For 1 oxygen = \(\frac { 2 }{ 4 }\) hydrogen atoms are present
= 0.5 hydrogen atoms are present.

(d) 1 mole of H₂SO₄ = 6.023 × 10²³ atoms

Question 6.
Write the formulae for the following and calculate the molecular mass for each one of them. [NCERT Exemplar]
(а) Caustic potash
(b) Baking powder
(c) Lime stone
(d) Caustic soda
(e) Ethanol
(f) Common salt.
Answer:
(a) KOH
[39 + 16 + 1] = 56 g mol^-1

(b) NaHCO₃
23 + 1 + 12 + (3 × 16) = 84 mol^-1

(c) CaCO₃
40 + 12 + (3 × 16) = 100 g mol^-1

(d) NaOH
23 + 16 + 1 = 40 g mol^-1

(e) C₂H₆OH = C₂H₆O
2 × 12 + (6 × 1) + 16 = 46 g mol^-1

(f) Nacl
23 + 35.5 = 58.5 g mol^-1

Question 7.
Calculate the mass of the following: [NCERT Exemplar]
(i) 0.5 mole of N₂ gas (mass from mole of molecule)
(ii) 0.5 mole of N atoms (mass from mole of atom).
(iii) 3.011 × 10²³ number of N atoms (mass from number)
(iv) 6.022 × 10²³ number of N₂ molecules mass from number.
Answer:
(i) mass = molar mass x number of moles
⇒ m = M × n = 28 x 0.5 = 14 g

(ii) mass = molar mass x number of moles
⇒ m = Mxn = 14x 0.5 = 7 g

(iii) The number of moles, n

(iv) n = \(\frac{N}{N_{0}}\)
⇒ m = M x \(\frac{N}{N_{0}}\) = 28 x \(\frac{6.022 \times 10^{2}}{6.022 \times 10^{2}}\)
= 28 x 1 = 28 g.

Question 8.
Calculate the number of particles in each of the following:
(i) 46 g of Na atoms (number from mass)
(ii) 8 g O₂ molecules (number of molecules from mass)

(iii) 0.1 mole of carbon atoms (number from given moles)
Answer:
(i) The numbers of atoms

⇒ N = \(\frac { m }{ M }\) x N₀
⇒ N = \(\frac { 46 }{ 23 }\) x 6.022 x 10²³
⇒ N = 12.044 x 10²³

(ii) The number of molecules

Atomic mass of oxygen = 16 u
molar mass of O₂ molecules
= 16 x 2 = 32 g
⇒ N = \(\frac { 8 }{ 32 }\) x 6.022 x 10²³
⇒ N = 1.5055 x 10²³
= 1.51 x 10²³

(iii) The number of particles (atom) = numbers of moles of particles x Avogadro number
N = n x N₀ = 0.1 x 6.022 x 10²³.
= 6.022 x 10²².

Question 9.
A flask contains 4.4 g of CO₂ gas. Calculate
(a) How many moles of CO₂ gas does it contain?
(b) How many molecules of CO₂ gas are present in the sample?
(c) How many atoms of oxygen are present in the given sample? (Atomic mass of C = 12 u, O = 16 u)
Answer:
(a)

(b) 1 mole of CO₂ has molecules
= 6.022 x 10²³
0. 1 mole of CO₂ has molecules
= 6.022 x 10²³ x (0.1) = 6.022 x 10²²

(c) 1 mole of CO₂ has oxygen atoms = 2 x N₀
0. 1 mole of CO₂ has oxygen atoms = 2 x N₀ x 0.1
= 2 x 6.022 x 10² x 0.1 = 1.204 x 10²⁴ atoms.

Question 10.
Calculate the number of moles for the following: [NCERT Exemplar]
(ii) 12.044 x 10²³ number of He atoms (finding mole from number of particles).
Answer:
No of moles = n
Given mass = m
Molar mass = M
Given number of particles = N
Avogadro number of particles = N₀

(i) Atomic mass of He = 4 u
Molar mass of He = 4 g
Thus, the number of moles =
= n = \(\frac { m }{ M }\) = \(\frac { 52 }{ 4 }\) = 13

(ii) We know,
1 mole = 6.022 x 10²³
The number of moles

Question 11.
Write the molecular formulae of all the compounds that can be formed by the combination of following ions:
Cu²⁺, Na⁺, Fe³⁺, Cb, SO₄^2-, PO₄^3-
Answer:
(i) CuCl₂, CuSO₄, Cu₃(PO₄)₂
(ii) NaCl, Na₂SO₄, Na₃PO₄
(iii) FeCl₃, Fe₂(SO₄)₃, FePO₄

Question 12.
Give the names of any three elements whose names have been derived from Latin. Give their Latin names and symbols.
Answer:

Question 13.
What is the simplest formula of the compound which has the following percentage composition:
Carbon 80%, Hydrogen 20%
If the molecular mass is 30, calculate its molecular formula.
Answer:
Calculation of empirical formula:

∴ Empirical formula is CH₃.
Calculation of molecular formula:
Empirical formula mass = 12 x 1 + 1 x 3 = 15

\(\frac { 30 }{ 15 }\) = 2
Molecular formula = Empirical formula x 2 = CH₃ x 2 = C₂H₆.

Question 14.
On heating, potassium chlorate decomposes to potassium chloride and oxygen. In one experiment 30.0 g of potassium chlorate generates 14.9 g of potassium chloride and 9.6 g of oxygen. What mass of potassium chlorate remains undecomposed?
Answer:
Potassium chlorate → Potassium chloride + Oxygen
Total mass of potassium chlorate before reaction = 30.0 g
After reaction, mass of potassium chloride = 14.9 g Mass of oxygen = 9.6 g
Let mass of undecomposed potassium chlorate = x g
Total mass after reaction = (x + 14.9 + 9.6) g
According to law of conservation of mass the total mass before and after the reaction remains constant.
∴ 30.0 = x + 14.9 + 9.6
x = 30 – 14.9 – 9.6 = 5.5
∴ Mass of undecomposed potassium chlorate
= 5.5 g

Question 15.
Naturally occurring Boron consists of two isotopes whose atomic mass are 10.01 and 11.01. The atomic mass of natural Boron is 10.81. Calculate the percentage of each isotope in natural Boron.
Answer:
Suppose percentage of isotope with atomic mass 10.01 = x
Then percentage of isotope with atomic mass 11.01 = 100 – x

∴ % of isotope with atomic mass 10.01 = 20%
∴ % of isotope with atomic mass 11.01 = 80%

Question 16.
Which amongst the following has more number of atoms, 11.5 g of sodium or 15 g of calcium?
How? (Given atomic mass of Na = 23, Ca = 40)
Answer:
23 g of Na = 1 mole
11.5 g of Na = 11.5/23 mole
Now, 1 mole of Na contains = 6.022 x 10²³ atoms
11.5/23 mole of Na contains = 6.022 x 10²³ x 11.5²³ mole
= 3.011 x 10²³ atoms
40 g of Ca = 1 mole
15 g of Ca = 15/40 moles
Now, 1 mole of Ca contains = 6.022 x 10²³ atoms
15/40 mole of Ca contains = 6.022 x 10²³ x 15/40 mole
= 2.258 x 10²³ atoms
Na has more number of atoms.

Question 17.
(i) Name the body which approves the nomenclature of elements and compounds.
(ii) The symbol of sodium is written as Na and not as S. Give reason.
(iii) Name one element which forms diatomic and one which forms tetraatomic molecules.
Answer:
(i) International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.

(ii) The symbol of Na (sodium) is derived from its Latin name Natrium.

(iii) (a) Element forming diatomic molecule: H₂, O₂, N₂ (only one).
(b) Element forming tetratomic molecule: P₄.

Atoms and Molecules Class 9 Extra Questions Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
(a) Define empirical formula and molecular formula of a compound. How are molecular formula and empirical formula related to each other?
(b) A hydrocarbon contains 10.5 g of carbon per gram of hydrogen. Calculate the empirical formula.
Answer:
(a) Empirical formula is the chemical formula which gives us the simplest whole number ratio between the atoms of various elements present in one molecule of a compound. Molecular formula gives us the actual number of atoms of various elements present in one molecule of a compound.
Molecular formula = n x Empirical formula
Where n is a simple whole number

(b) In the hydrocarbon,
1 g of hydrogen combines with 10.5 g carbon
∴ % of H in hydrocarbon = \(\frac { 1 }{ 11.5 }\) x 100 = 8.696%
% of C = 100 – 8.696 = 91.304%

Therefore, Empirical formula = CH

Question 2.
(a) What is meant by mole concept?
(b) Calculate the mass of:
(i) 10²² atoms of sulphur
(ii) 0.1 mole of carbon dioxide.
[Atomic mass S = 32, C = 12, O = 16 and Avogadro’s number = 6 x 10²³]
Answer:
(a) 1 mole of a compound has a mass equal to its relative molecular mass expressed in grams.
1 mole = 6.022 x 10²³ number
= Relative mass in grams.

(b) (i) v 6.022 x 10²³ atoms of sulphur weighs = 32 g
∴ 10²² atoms of sulphur weighs = \(\frac{32}{6.022 \times 10^{23}}\) x 10²² = 0.531 g

(ii) Gram molar mass of CO₂ = 12 + 2 x 16 = 44 g
∵ 1 mole of carbon dioxide weighs = 44 g
∴ 0.1 mole of carbon dioxide weighs = \(\frac { 44 g }{ 1 }\) x 0.1 = 4.4 g.

Question 3.
(a) The ratio of hydrogen and oxygen in water is 1: 8 by mass, find out their ratio by number of atoms, in one molecule of water. (Atomic mass: H = 1 u, O – 16 u)
(b) Write the formulae of the following compounds:
(i) Ammonium sulphate
(ii) Magnesium chloride
(Given , ammonium = NH₄²⁺ , sulphate = SO₄^2-, Magnesium = Mg²⁺, chloride = Cl^–)
Answer:
(a)

Ratio of number of atoms for water is H : O = 2 : 1

(b)
(i) Ammonium sulphate: (NH₄)₂SO₄
(ii) Magnesium chloride : MgCl₂

Question 4.
A compound of carbon and sulphur has a composition of 15.8% carbon and 84.2% sulphur.
(a) Find the empirical formula.
(b) The relative molecular mass of the compound is 76. Find the molecular formula.
Answer:
(a)

The empirical formula is CS₂.

(b) Let the molecular formula be (CS₂)_n.
Molecular mass = n x empirical formula mass
76 = n x (12 + 2 x 32)
n = \(\frac { 76 }{ 76 }\) = 1
The molecule formula is (CS₂)₁ = CS₂.

Question 5.
What do the following formulae stand for:
(a) (i) 20
(ii) O₂
(iii) O₃
(iv) H₂O

(b) Give the chemical formulae of the following compounds?
(i) Potassium carbonate
(ii) Calcium chloride

(c) Calculate the formula unit mass of Al₂(SO₄)₃.
(Given atomic mass of Al = 27u, S = 32 u, 0 = 16 u)
Answer:
(a)
(i) Two atoms of oxygen 20
(ii) Diatomic oxygen → O₂ molecule
(iii) Triatomic oxygen → O₃ molecule
(iv) Two atoms of hydrogen and 1 atom of oxygen forming one molecule of water.

(b) K₂CO₃ : Potassium carbonate
CaC₂ : Calcium chloride

(c) Al₂(SO₄)₃
Al: 27 x 2 = 54 u
S : 32 x 3 = 96 u
O : 16 x 12 = 192 u
Formula unit mass = 342 u.

Question 6.
(a) Write the chemical symbols of two elements:
(i) Which are formed from the first letter of the elements name.
(ii) Whose name has been taken from the names of the elements in Latin.

(b) Define Avogadro’s constant and molar mass. How are they related to one mole of an atom, molecule, or ion?
Answer:
(a)
(i) C, N, O, etc.
(ii) Na, Fe, K, etc.

(b) Avogadro’s constant:
6.22 x 10²³ is defined as the Avogadro’s constant. It is number of atoms in exactly 12 g of carbon-12.

Molar mass : Mass of 1 mole of substance.

Question 7.
(a) Calculate the mass of 0.5 mole of sulphuric acid. Atomic mass (H = 1 u, S = 32 u, O = 16 u).
(b) Find the number of atoms in 12 g of carbon.
(c) How many atoms are present in (i) H₂S molecule (ii) PO_3-⁴ ions.
(d) Write the names of elements present in (i) quicklime (ii) hydrogen bromide.
Answer:
(a) 1 mole of H₂SO₄ = 98
∴ 1/2 mole of H₂SO₄ = 49 g

(b) 6.023 x 10²³ atoms

(c) In H₂S molecules, number of atoms = 3
In PO_3-⁴ ion, number of atoms = 5.

(d) (i) Elements in quicklime (CaO)-calcium, oxygen.
(ii) Elements in hydrogen bromide (HBr)-hydrogen, bromine.

Question 8.
(a) Define polyatomic ions. Write an example.
(b) Calculate the formula unit mass of CaCO₃.
(Atomic mass of C = 12 u, Ca = 40 u, O = 16 u)
(c) Calculate the molecular mass of the following:
(i) HNO₃ (ii) CH₃COOH
(Atomic mass of H = 1 u, N = 14 u, O = 16 u, C = 12 u)
Answer:
(a) Cluster of atoms that acts as an ion are called polyatomic ions. example : NH₄⁺, PO_3-⁴, SO_2-⁴, etc.

(b) CaCO₃ = Mass of Ca + Mass of C + Mass of O
= 40 u + 12 u + 16 u x 3 = 100 u.

(c) (i) HNO₃ = Mass of H + Mass of N + Mass of O
= 1 u + 14 u + 16 u x 3 = 63 u

(ii) CH₃COOH = Mass of C + Mass of H + Mass of O
= 12 u x 2 + 1 u x 4 + 16 u x 2
= 24 u + 4 u + 32 u = 60 u

Atoms and Molecules Class 9 Extra Questions HOTS

Question 1.
In photosynthesis, 6 molecules of carbon dioxide combine with an equal number of water molecules through a complex series of reactions to give a molecule of glucose having a molecular formula C₆H₁₂O₆. How many grams of water would be required to produce 18 g of glucose? Compute the volume of water so consumed assuming the density of water to be 1 g cm^-3. [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:

1 mole of glucose needs 6 moles of water
180 g of glucose needs (6 x 18) g of water
1 g of glucose will need \(\frac { 108 }{ 180 }\) g of water.
18 g of glucose would need \(\frac { 108 }{ 180 }\) x 18 g of water = 10.8 g
Volume of water used = \(\frac { Mass }{ Density }\) = \(\frac{10.8 \mathrm{g}}{1 \mathrm{g} \mathrm{cm}^{-3}}\) = 10.8 cm³

Question 2.
Fill in the missing data in the Table 3.2. [NCERT Exemplar]
Table 3.2

Answer:

Question 3.
Raunak took 5 moles of carbon atoms in a container and Krish also took 5 moles of sodium atoms in another container of same weight. [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) Whose container is heavier?
(b) Whose container has more number of atoms?
Answer:
(a) Mass of sodium atoms carried by Krish = (5x 23) g = 115 g while mass of carbon atom carried by Raunak = (5 x 12) g = 60 g. Thus, Krish’s container is heavy.

(b) Both the bags have same number of atoms as they have same number of moles of atoms.

Question 4.
How many molecules are present in 1 ml. of water?
Answer:
Molecular mass of H₂O = 18 g
Mass of 1 mole of water = 18 g
18 g of water contain = 6.022 x 10²³ molecules
Density of water = 1 g/ml, therefore 1 ml of water weighs 1 g.
1.0 g of water contain = (6.022 x 10²³)/18 molecules
= 3.34 x 10²² molecules.

Question 5.
A flask P contains 0.5 mole of oxygen gas. Another flask Q contains 0.4 mole of ozone gas. Which of the two flasks contains greater number of oxygen atoms?
Answer:
1 molecule of oxygen (O₂) = 2 atoms of oxygen
1 molecule of ozone (O₃) = 3 atoms of oxygen
In flask P:1 mole of oxygen gas = 6.022 x 10²³ molecules
0.4 mole of oxygen gas = 6.022 x 10²³ x 0.5 molecules
= 6.022 x 10²³ x 0.5 x 2 atoms = 6.022 x 10²³ atoms
In flask Q: 1 mole of ozone gas = 6.022 x 10²³ molecules
0.4 mole of ozone gas = 6.022 x 10²³ x 0.4 molecules
= 6.022 x 10²³ x 0.4 x 3 atoms = 7.23 x 10²³ atoms
∴ Flask Q has a greater number of oxygen atoms as compared to flask P.

Question 6.
Complete the following table:

Answer:

Question 7.
What is the valency of underlined element in the following compounds?
(i) MnO₂ (ii) Ca₃N₂ (iii) ZnSO₄ (iv) CCl₄
Answer:
(i) + 4
(ii) + 2
(iii) + 2
(iv) + 4

Question 8.
A student puts his signature with graphite pencil. If the mass of carbon in the signature is 10^-12 g. Calculate the number of carbon atoms in the signature.
Answer:
Mass of carbon = 10^-12 g
No. of moles of carbon = \(\frac{10^{-12}}{12}\) moles
1 mole of C has = 6.022 x 10²³
∵ 1 mole of C has atoms = 6.022 x 10²³
∴ \(\frac{10^{-12}}{12}\) mole of C will have = \(\frac{6.022 \times 10^{23}}{12}\) x 10¹⁰

Question 9.
Rudra took 5 moles of carbon atoms in a container and Ayush also took 5 moles of sodium atoms in another container of some weight.
(a) Whose container is heavier?
(b) Whose container has more number of atoms?
Answer:
(a) 1 mole of C atoms = 12 g
∴ 5 moles of C atoms = 5 x 12 g = 60 g
1 mole of Na atoms = 23 g
∴ 5 moles of Na atoms = 5 x 23 = 115 g
Thus, Ayush’s container is heavier.

(b) 1 mole of C atoms = 6.022 x 10²³ atoms
1 mole of Na atoms = 6.022 x 10²³ atoms
∴ 5 moles of each will contain the same number of atoms.

Question 10.
10²² atoms of an element ‘X’ are found to have a mass of 930 mg. Calculate the molar mass of the element ‘X’.
Answer:
Molar mass of an element is the mass of Avogadro’s number of atoms.
∴6.022 x 10²³ atoms will have mass = \(\frac{0.930}{10^{22}}\) x 6.022 x 10²³ g = 56.0 g
∴Molar mass of the element = 56 g mol^-1.

Question 11.
Which will contain large number of atoms, 1 g of gold or 1 g of silver? Explain with reason. (Atomic masses of Gold = 197 u, silver = 108 u).
Answer:
No. of moles (n) in 1 g of gold = \(\frac { m }{ M }\) = \(\frac { 1 }{ 197 }\)
No. of moles (n) in 1 g of silver = \(\frac { m }{ M }\) = \(\frac { 1 }{ 108 }\)
Greater the number of moles, greater is the number of atoms present. As \(\frac { 1 }{ 197 }\) > \(\frac { 1 }{ 108 }\), silver will contain greater number of atoms.

In this page, we are providing Separation of Substances Class 6 Extra Questions and Answers Science Chapter 5 pdf download. NCERT Extra Questions for Class 6 Science Chapter 5 Separation of Substances with Answers will help to score more marks in your CBSE Board Exams. https://ncertmcq.com/extra-questions-for-class-6-science/

Class 6 Science Chapter 5 Extra Questions and Answers Separation of Substances

Extra Questions for Class 6 Science Chapter 5 Separation of Substances with Answers Solutions

Separation of Substances Class 6 Extra Questions Very Short Answer Type

Class 6 Science Chapter 5 Extra Questions Question 1.
What are the components of air?
Answer:
Oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, etc.

Separation Of Substances Class 6 Extra Questions Question 2.
What are the components of milk?
Answer:
Milk-proteins, calcium, cream and water.

Separation Of Substances Class 6 Questions And Answers Question 3.
What are the types of mixture?
Answer:
Heterogeneous mixtures and homogeneous mixtures.

Class 6 Science Ch 5 Extra Questions Question 4.
Name the process used to separate heavier and lighter components of a mixture.
Answer:
Winnowing

Ncert Class 6 Science Chapter 5 Extra Questions Question 5.
Mention one purpose of separating the constituents of a mixture.
Answer:
To remove the undesirable substances.

Separation Of Substances Extra Questions Question 6.
When handpicking is used?
Answer:
Handpicking is used to separate undesirable components having different shape, size, colour and are present in small amount.

Questions On Separation Of Substances Class 6 Question 7.
Which type of separation process is used in cashewnut factories?
Answer:
Sieving

Separation Of Substances Class 6 Extra Questions Answers Question 8.
Name the process used to obtain salt from sea water.
Answer:
Evaporation

Separation Of Substances Question Answer Question 9.
Write opposite of the process of condensation.
Answer:
Evaporation

Extra Questions For Class 6 Science Chapter 5 Question 10.
What is effect of temperature on solubility?
Answer:
Solubility increases when temperature increases.

Class 6 Chapter 5 Science Extra Questions Question 11.
Name the process of obtaining clear water from muddy water in which alum is used.
Answer:
Loading

Science Class 6 Chapter 5 Extra Questions Question 12.
Which method is used to separate a mixture of tea leaves and iron filings?
Answer:
By magnet

Class 6 Separation Of Substances Extra Questions Question 13.
Which gas dissolved in water helps aquatic animals to breathe?
Answer:
Oxygen gas

Extra Questions On Separation Of Substances Class 6 Question 14.
Name the method by which you can separate butter from milk.
Answer:
Centrifugation

Separation Of Substances Questions And Answers Question 15.
Which liquid is called as universal solvent?
Answer:
Water

Question 16.
Name some materials that are used as filters.
Answer:
Cotton, ceramic, fine cloth, filter paper, etc.

Question 17.
Give one example of sieving used in everyday life.
Answer:
Separation of bran from flour.

Question 18.
Which substance is used for loading?
Answer
Alum

Question 19.
Which process is used to separate bacteria from water?
Answer:
Filtration by using bacteria proof filters.

Question 20.
Name the process of separating two immiscible liquids.
Answer:
Decantation

Separation of Substances Class 6 Extra Questions Short Answer Type

Question 1.
Why mixtures need to be separated?
Answer:
The main reason for separating the mixtures are:

1. To remove undesirable substances.
2. To get desirable substances.
3. To obtain highly pure substances.

Question 2.
What is handpicking? When this method is used?
Answer:
The method in which the constituents are separated by simply picking them up by hand is called hand-picking. It is used when there is a difference in size, colour, shape of desirable and undesirable constituents.

Question 3.
What is evaporation? What is the significance of this process?
Answer:
The changing of liquid into vapours is called evaporation. The process of evaporation is used on a large scale to obtain common salt from sea water.

Question 4.
What is threshing?
Answer:
The process of separating grains from the stalks is called threshing.

Question 5.
What is the use of decantation?
Answer:
Decantation is used to separate insoluble solids from liquids. Two immiscible liquids are also separated by this process.

Question 6.
What is a mixture?
Answer:
When two or more than two substances are mixed together in any ratio then it is called a mixture.

Question 7.
What is decantation?
Answer:
Decantation is the process of separating insoluble solids from liquids. A suspension of solid particles in liquid is allowed to stand for some time. Solid particles settle down at the bottom. The clear water is then transferred into another beaker.

Question 8.
State one use of the method of winnowing.
Answer:
The method of winnowing is used to separate husk from various types of grain like wheat, rice, etc. Give one use of the handpicking method of separating mixtures in daily life. The method of handpicking is usually used to separate undesirable substances such as small pieces of stones from wheat, rice and pulses.

Question 9.
Define the term sedimentation.
Answer:
The process in which heavier, insoluble solid settles down in a solution is called sedimentation.

Separation of Substances Class 6 Extra Questions Long Answer Type

Question 1.
Elaborate the process of filtration.
Answer:
Filtration is the process of separating an insoluble solid from a liquid with the help of a filtering agent like filter paper, cloth, strainer, etc. During filtration, the solid insoluble substance is retained at the filter paper as residue while the liquid free from any suspended matter passes through the filter paper and is collected as filtrate.

There are certain soluble components infiltrate which can be separated by the process of evaporation followed by crystallization.

Question 2.
What is meant by saturated and unsaturated solution?
Answer:

• Saturated solution: At any particular temperature, a solution that has dissolved as much solute as it is capable of dissolving, is said to be a saturated solution.
• Unsaturated solution: A solution in which more quantity of solute can be dissolved without raising the temperature of the solution is called unsaturated solution.

Question 3.
What is the effect of temperature on a saturated solution?
Answer:
(i) When a saturated solution is heated to a higher temperature, then it becomes unsaturated because the solubility of solute increases with increase in temperature of the solution.
(ii) When a saturated solution is cooled to a lower temperature, then some of the dissolved solute separates out in the form of solid crystal because the solubility of solute decreases on cooling the solution.

Question 4.
What is the importance of centrifugation? How it is done?
Answer:
Centrifugation is the process of separating suspended particles from a liquid by rotating the liquid at a high speed.

The mixture is taken in a closed bottle and rotated at a high speed. The heavy particles settle at the bottom while light particles remains behind. The method is also used to separate cream from milk. Cream being lighter than milk, floats at the top of the mixture.

Question 5.
What is loading? How will you obtain clear water from muddy river water by the process of loading?
Answer:
The suspended small particles of muddy water are negatively charge which inhibit them to settle down due to repulsion. On adding alum to this muddy water, removes the negative charge from the particles. This particles forms clump easily, become heavier and settles down.

This process is called loading. Loading helps in purification of water from small suspended particles which do not settles down easily and quickly. The clear water after settling down of suspended particles is decanted in another container and is comparatively clearer.

Separation of Substances Class 6 Extra Questions HOTS

Question 1.
Rahul by mistake mixed sugar with salt. What method he must adopt to quickly separate this mixture?
Answer:
He must use the method of sieving for separating salt and sugar.

Question 2.
Can we separate the mixture of sugar and milk?
Answer:
No

Question 3.
Which method of separation will you adopt to separate a mixture of wheat flour, moong dal and chana?
Answer:
We will adopt the method of sieving followed by handpicking to separate the mixture. Sieving will separate wheat flour from moong dal and chana. Handpicking will separate moong dal from chana. Sieve with appropriate pores can also be used to separate moong dal from chana.

Question 4.
Suggest any two methods to separate suspended particles of mud from water.
Answer:
Loading with alum and centrifugation.

Question 5.
Is there any method through which we can separate different components of ink?
Answer:
Chromatography technique.

Separation of Substances Class 6 Extra Questions Value Based Question (VBQs)

Question 1.
Some shopkeepers mix many cheap and harmful substances in the food materials. This process is called adulteration. Anybody who are involved in such kind of illegal practices are liable for imprisonment.
(a) Why shopkeepers mix cheap and harmful substances in food materials?
(b) How will you separate impurities from grains and pulses?
(c) What values of shopkeepers are shown here?
Answer:
(a) Shopkeepers add these undesirable substances to increase the quantity of the food materials and thus their profit.
(b) Through handpicking.
(c) Shopkeepers observing such practices are greedy, self-centred, criminal-minded and soulless.

Question 2.
There were guests at Sonam’s house. Sonam thought of making lemonade for them. She dissolved sugar in chilled water and observe that sugar was taking long time to dissolve. Meanwhile, Sonam’s mother came and asked her to transfer the upper chilled water in another container and then add water at normal temperature to this sugar settled at bottom.
Sonam then found it easy to dissolve the sugar for lemonade.
(a) What is saturated solution?
(b) What is the effect of temperature on the capacity of water in dissolving substances?
(c) What will happen if we cool a supersaturated solution?
(d) What value of Sonam is shown here?
Answer:
(a) A saturated solution is the solution which cannot dissolve any more solute in it at a given temperature.
(b) With increase in temperature solubility of a substance increases in water and vice versa.
(c) When a supersaturated solution is cooled, it form crystals of the salt. This process is known as crystallization.
(d) Sonam is a good host, learner, helpful girl.

Here we are providing Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Class 10 Extra Questions Maths Chapter 3 with Answers Solutions, Extra Questions for Class 10 Maths was designed by subject expert teachers. https://ncertmcq.com/extra-questions-for-class-10-maths/

Extra Questions for Class 10 Maths Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables with Answers Solutions

Extra Questions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables with Solutions Answers

Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Class 10 Extra Questions Very Short Answer Type

Pair Of Linear Equations In Two Variables Class 10 Extra Questions With Solutions Question 1.
If the lines given by 3x + 2ky = 2 and 2x + 5y + 1 = 0 are parallel, then find value of k.
Solution:
Since the given lines are parallel

Linear Equations In Two Variables Class 10 Extra Questions Question 2.
Find the value of c for which the pair of equations cx – y = 2 and 6x – 2y = 3 will have infinitely many solutions.
Solution:
The given system of equations will have infinitely many solutions if \(\frac{c}{6}=\frac{-1}{-2}=\frac{2}{3}\) which is not possible
∴ For no value of c, the given system of equations have infinitely many solutions.

Linear Equations Class 10 Extra Questions Question 3.
Do the equations 4x + 3y – 1 = 5 and 12x + 9y = 15 represent a pair of coincident lines?
Solution:

Given equations do not represent a pair of coincident lines.

Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Extra Questions With Solutions Question 4.
Find the co-ordinate where the line x – y = 8 will intersect y-axis.
Solution:
The given line will intersect y-axis when x = 0.
∴0 – y = 8 ⇒ y = -8
Required coordinate is (0, -8).

Extra Questions Of Linear Equations In Two Variables Class 10 Question 5.
Write the number of solutions of the following pair of linear equations:
x + 2y – 8 = 0, 2x + 4y = 16
Solution:


∴The given pair of linear equations has infinitely many solutions.

Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Class 10 Extra Questions Short Answer Type 1

Linear Equations In Two Variables Class 10 Extra Questions Pdf Question 1.
Is the following pair of linear equations consistent? Justify your answer.
2ax + by = a, 4ax + 2by – 2a = 0; a, b≠ 0
Solution:
Yes,

∴ The given system of equations is consistent.

Extra Questions For Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Question 2.
For all real values of c, the pair of equations
x – 2y = 8, 5x + 10y = c
have a unique solution. Justify whether it is true or false.
Solution:

So, for all real values of c, the given pair of equations have a unique solution.
∴ The given statement is true.

Extra Questions On Linear Equations In Two Variables Class 10 Question 3.
Does the following pair of equations represent a pair of coincident lines? Justify your answer.
\(\frac{x}{2}\) + y + \(\frac{2}{5}\) = 0, 4x+ 8y + \(\frac{5}{16}\) = 0.
Solution:

∴ The given system does not represent a pair of coincident lines.

Class 10 Linear Equations In Two Variables Extra Questions Question 4.
If x = a, y = b is the solution of the pair of equation x – y = 2 and x + y = 4, then find the value of a and b.
Solution:
x – y = 2 … (i)
x + y = 4 … (ii)
On adding (i) and (ii), we get 2x = 6 or x = 3
From (i), 3 – y ⇒ 2 = y = 1
a = 3, b = 1.
On comparing the ratios \(\frac{a_{1}}{a_{2}}, \frac{b_{1}}{b_{2}}\) , and, \(\frac{c_{1}}{c_{2}}\) find out whether the following pair of linear equations consistent or inconsistent. is consistent or inconsistent. (Q. 5 to 6)

Pair Of Linear Equations In Two Variables Extra Questions Question 5.
\(\frac{3}{2}\) x + \(\frac{5}{3}\) y = 7
9x – 10y = 14
Solution:

Chapter 3 Maths Class 10 Extra Questions Question 6.
\(\frac{4}{3}\) x + 2y = 8;
2x + 3y = 12
Solution:

Hence, the pair of linear equations is consistent with infinitely many solutions.

On comparing the ratios \(\frac{a_{1}}{a_{2}}, \frac{b_{1}}{b_{2}}\), and \(\frac{c_{1}}{c_{2}}\), find out whether the lines representing the following pair of linear equations intersect at a point, are parallel or coincident: (Q. 7 to 9).

Ch 3 Maths Class 10 Extra Questions Question 7.
5x – 4y + 8 = 0
7x + 6y – 9 = 0
Solution:

Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Extra Questions Question 8.
9x + 3y + 12 = 0
18x + 6y + 24 = 0
Solution:
We have,
9x + 3y + 12 = 0
18x + 6y + 24 = 0

Question 9.
6x – 3y + 10 = 0 .
2x – y + 9 = 0
Solution:

Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Class 10 Extra Questions Short Answer Type 2

Extra Questions Of Linear Equations Class 10 Question 1.
Solve: ax + by = a – b and bx – ay = a + b
Solution:
The given system of equations may be written as
ax + by – (a – b) = 0
bx – ay – (a + b) = 0
By cross-multiplication, we have

Hence, the solution of the given system of equations is x = 1, y = -1

Linear Equations In Two Variables Class 10 Important Questions Question 2.
Solve the following linear equations:
152x – 378y = -74 and -378x + 152y = -604
Solution:
We have, 152x – 378y = -74 …(i)
-378x + 152y = -604 ……(ii)

Putting the value of x in (iii), we get
2 + y = 3 ⇒ y = 1
Hence, the solution of given system of equations is x = 2, y = 1.

Class 10 Maths Ch 3 Extra Questions Question 3.
Solve for x and y

Solution:

Putting the value of y in (ii), we get
x + ab = 2ab ⇒ x = 2ab – ab ⇒ x = ab
∴ x = ab, y = ab

Substitution Method Class 10 Extra Questions Pdf Question 4.
(i) For which values of a and b does the following pair of linear equations have an infinite number of solutions?
2x + 3y = 7
(a – b)x + (a + b)y = 3a + b – 2
(ii) for which value of k will the following pair of linear equations have no solution?
3x + y = 1
(2k – 1)x + (k – 1)y = 2k + 1
Solution:
(i) We have, 2x + 3y = 7
(a – b) x + (a + b) y = 3a + b – 2 … (ii)
Here, a1 = 2, b1 = 3, c1 = 7 and
a2 = a – b, b2 = a + b, c2 = 3a + b – 2
For infinite number of solutions, we have

⇒ 9a – 7a + 3b – 75 -6 = 0 ⇒ 2a – 45 – 6 = 0 => 2a – 4b = 6
⇒ a – 2b = 3 …(iv)
Putting a = 5b in equation (iv), we get
56 – 2b = 3 or 3b = 3 i.e., b = \(\frac{3}{3}\) =1
Putting the value of b in equation (ii), we get a = 5(1) = 5
Hence, the given system of equations will have an infinite number of solutions for a = 5 and b = 1.

(ii) We have, 3x + y = 1, 3x + y − 1 = 0 …(i)
(2k – 1) x + (k – 1) y = 2k + 1
⇒ (2k – 1) x + (k – 1) y – (2k + 1) = 0 ……(ii)
Here, a1 = 3, b1 = 1, C1 = -1
a2 = 2k – 1, b2 = k – 1, C2 = -(2k + 1)
For no solution, we must have

⇒ 3k – 2k = 3 – 1 ⇒ k = 2
Hence, the given system of equations will have no solutions for k = 2.

Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Extra Questions With Answers Question 5.
Find whether the following pair of linear equations has a unique solution. If yes, find the
7x – 4y = 49 and 5x – y = 57
Solution:
We have, 7x – 4y = 49 ……..(i)
and 5x – 6y = 57 ……..(ii)

So, system has a unique solution.
Multiply equation (i) by 5 and equation (ii) by 7 and subtract

Put y = -7 in equation (ii)
5x – 6(-7)57 ⇒ 5x = 57 – 42 ⇒ x = 3
hence, x = 3 and y = -7.

Question 6.
Solve for x and y.

Solution:

Question 7.
Solve the following pair of equations for x and y.

Solution:

Question 8.
In ∆ABC, LA = x, ∠B = 3x, and ∠C = y if 3y – 5x = 30°, show that triangle is right angled.
Solution:
∠A + 2B + ∠C = 180°
(Sum of interior angles of A ABC) x + 3x + y = 180°
4x + y = 180° …(i)
3y – 5x = 30° (Given) …(ii) Multiply equation (i) by 3 and subtracting from eq. (ii), we get
-17x = – 510 = x = 910 = 30°
17 then _A = x = 30° and 2B = 3x = 3 X 30o = 90°
∠C = y = 180° – (∠A + ∠B) = 180° – 120° = 60°
∠A = 30°, ∠B = 90°, ∠C = 60° Hence ∆ABC is right triangle right angled at B.

Question 9.
In Fig. 3.1, ABCDE is a pentagon with BE|CD and BC||DE. BC is perpendicular to CD. If the perimeter of ABCDE is 21 cm. Find the value of x and y.

Solution:
Since BC||DE and BE||CD with BC||CD.
BCDE is a rectangle.
Opposite sides are equal BE = CD
∴ x + y = 5 …… (i)
DE = BC = x – y
Since perimeter of ABCDE is 21 cm.
AB + BC + CD + DE + EA = 21
3 + x – y + x + y + x – y + 3 = 21 ⇒ 6 + 3x – y = 21
3x – y = 15 ….. (iii)
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
4x = 20 ⇒ x = 5
On putting the value of x in (i), we get y = 0
Hence, x = 5 and y = 0.

Question 10.
Five years ago, A was thrice as old as B and ten years later, A shall be twice as old as B. What are the present ages of A and B?
Solution:
Let the present ages of B and A be x years and y years respectively. Then
B’s age 5 years ago = (x – 5) years
and A’s age 5 years ago = (- 5) years
(-5) = 3 (x – 5) = 3x – y = 10 …….(i)
B’s age 10 years hence = (x + 10) years
A’s age 10 years hence = (y + 10) years
y + 10 = 2 (x + 10) = 2x – y = -10 …….. (ii)
On subtracting (ii) from (i) we get x = 20
Putting x = 20 in (i) we get
(3 × 20) – y = 10 ⇒ y = 50
∴ x = 20 and y = 50
Hence, B’s present age = 20 years and A’s present age = 50 years.

Question 11.
A fraction becomes when \(\frac{1}{3}\) is subtracted from the numerator and it becomes \(\frac{1}{4}\) when 8 is added to its denominator. Find the fraction.
Solution:
Let the numerator be x and denominator be y.

Putting the value of x in equation (i), we have
3 × 5 – y = 3 ⇒ 5 – y = 3 ⇒ 15 – 3 = y
∴ y = 12
Hence, the required fraction is \(\frac{5}{12}\)

Question 12.
Solve the following pairs of equations by reducing them to a pair of linear equations:

Solution:

Putting the value of x in equation (iii), we have
3 x 1 + y = 4
⇒ y = 4 – 3 = 1
Hence, the solution of given system of equations is x = 1, y = 1.

Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Class 10 Extra Questions Long Answers

Question 1.
Form the pair of linear equations in this problem, and find its solution graphically: 10 students of Class X took part in a Mathematics quiz. If the number of girls is 4 more than the number of boys, find the number of boys and girls who took part in the quiz.
Solution:
Let x be the number of girls and y be the number of boys.
According to question, we have
x = y + 4
⇒ x – y = 4 ……(i)
Again, total number of students = 10
Therefore, x + y = 10 …(ii)
Hence, we have following system of equations
x – y = 4
and x + y = 10
From equation (i), we have the following table:

From equation (ii), we have the following table:

Plotting this, we have

Here, the two lines intersect at point (7,3) i.e., x = 7, y = 3.
So, the number of girls = 7
and number of boys = 3.

Question 2.
Show graphically the given system of equations
2x + 4y = 10 and 3x + 6y = 12 has no solution.
Solution:
We have, 2x + 4y = 10
⇒ 4y = 10 – 2x ⇒ y = \(\frac{5-x}{2}\)
Thus, we have the following table:

Plot the points A (1, 2), B (3, 1) and C (5,0) on the graph paper. Join A, B and C and extend it on both sides to obtain the graph of the equation 2x + 4y = 10.
We have, 3x + 6y = 12
⇒ 6y = 12 – 3x ⇒ y = \(\frac{4-x}{2}\)
Thus, we have the following table :

Plot the points D (2, 1), E (0, 2) and F (4,0) on the same graph paper. Join D, E and F and extend it on both sides to obtain the graph of the equation 3x + 6y = 12.

We find that the lines represented by equations 2x + 4y = 10 and 3x + y = 12 are parallel. So, the two lines have no common point. Hence, the given system.of equations has no solution.

Question 3.
Solve the following pairs of linear equations by the elimination method and the substitution method:
(i) 3x – 5y – 4 = 0 and 9x = 2y + 7
(ii) \(\frac{x}{2}+\frac{2 y}{3}\) = -1 and x – \(\frac{y}{3}\) = 3
Solution:
(i) We have, 3x – 5y – 4 = 0
⇒ 3x – 5y = 4 …….(i)
Again, 9x = 2y + 7
9x – 2y = 7 …(ii)

By Elimination Method:
Multiplying equation (i) by 3, we get
9x – 15y = 12 … (iii)
Subtracting (ii) from (iii), we get

By Substitution Method:
Expressing x in terms of y from equation (i), we have

By Elimination Method:
Subtracting (ii) from (i), we have
5y = – 15 or y = – \(\frac{5}{5}\) = -3
Putting the value of y in equation (i), we have
3x + 4 × (-3) = -6 ⇒ 3x = – 6 + 12
∴ 3x – 12 = -6 ⇒ 3x = 6
∴ x = \(\frac{6}{3}\) = 2
Hence, solution is x = 2, y = -3.

By Substitution Method:
Expressing x in terms of y from equation (i), we have
3 × \(\left(\frac{-6-4 y}{3}\right)\) – y = 9 ⇒ -6 – 4y – y = 9 ⇒ -6 – 5y = 9
Substituting the value of x in equation (ii), we have
∴ -5y = 9 + 6 = 15
y = – \(\frac{15}{5}\) = – 3
Putting the value of y in equation (i), we have
3x + 4 × (-3) = -6 ⇒ 3x – 12 = -6
∴ 3x = 12 – 6 = 6
∴ x = \(\frac{6}{3}\) = 2
Hence, the required solution is x = 2, y = – 3.

Question 4.
Draw the graph of the equations x – y + 1 = 0 and 3x + 2y – 12 = 0. Determine the coordinates of the vertices of the triangle formed by these lines and the x-axis, and shade the triangular region.
Solution:
We have,’ x – y + 1 = 0 and 3x + 2y – 12 = 0
Thus, x – y = -1 => x = y – 1 …(i)
3x + 2y = 12 => x = \(\frac{12-2 y}{3}\) … (ii)
From equation (i), we have

From equation (ii), we have

Plotting this, we have

ABC is the required (shaded) region and point of intersection is (2, 3).
∴ The vertices of the triangle are (-1, 0), (4, 0), (2, 3).

Form the pair of linear equations in the following problems and find their solutions (if they exist) by any algebraic method (Q. 5 to 8):

Question 5.
A part of monthly hostel charges is fixed and the remaining depends on the number of days one has taken food in the mess. When a student A takes food for 20 days, she has to pay 31000 as hostel charges whereas a student B, who takes food for 26 days, pays 1180 as hostel charges. Find the fixed charges and the cost of food per day.
Solution:
Let the fixed charge be *x and the cost of food per day be by.
Therefore, according to question,
x + 20y = 1000 …(i)
x + 26y = 1180 …(ii)
Now, subtracting equation (ii) from (i), we have

Putting the value of y in equation (i), we have
x + 20 x 30 = 1000 ⇒ x + 600 = 1000 ⇒ x = 1000 – 600 = 400
Hence, fixed charge is ₹400 and cost of food per day is ₹30.

Question 6.
Yash scored 40 marks in a test, getting 3 marks for each right answer and losing 1 mark for each wrong answer. Had 4 marks been awarded for each correct answer and 2 marks been deduced for each incorrect answer, then Yash would have scored 50 marks. How many questions were there in the test?
Solution:
Let x be the number of questions of right answer and y be the number of questions of wrong answer.
According to question,
3x – y = 40 … (i)
and 4x – 2y = 50
or 2x – y = 25 …(ii)
Subtracting (ii) from (i), we have

Putting the value of x in equation (i), we have
3 x 15 – y = 40 ⇒45 – y = 40
∴ y = 45 – 40 = 5
Hence, total number of questions is x + yi.e., 5 + 15 = 20.

Question 7.
Places A and B are 100 km apart on a highway. One car starts from A and another from B at the same time. If the cars travel in the same direction at different speeds, they meet in 5 hours. If they travel towards each other, they meet in 1 hour. What are the speeds of the two cars?
Solution:
Let the speed of two cars be x km/h and y km/h respectively.
Case I: When two cars move in the same direction, they will meet each other at P after 5 hours.

The distance covered by car from A = 5x (Distance = Speed × Time)
and distance covered by the car from B = 5y
∴ 5x – 5y = AB = 100 ⇒ x – y = \(\frac{100}{5}\)
∴ x – y = 20 ….(i)

Case II: When two cars move in opposite direction, they will meet each other at Q after one hour.

The distance covered by the car from A = x
The distance covered by the car from B = y
∴ x + y = AB = 100 ⇒ x + y = 100 …..(ii)
Now, adding equations (i) and (ii), we have
2x = 120 ⇒ x = \(\frac{120}{2}\) = 60
Putting the value of x in equation (i), we get
60 – y = 20 ⇒ – y = -40
∴ y = 40
Hence, the speeds of two cars are 60 km/h and 40 km/h respectively.

Question 8.
The area of a rectangle gets reduced by 9 square units, if its length is reduced by 5 units and breadth is increased by 3 units. If we increase the length by 3 units and the breadth by 2 units, the area increases by 67 square units. Find the dimensions of the rectangle.
Solution:
Let the length and breadth of a rectangle be x and y respectively.
Then area of the rectangle = xy
According to question, we have
(x – 5) 6 + 3) = xy – 9 ⇒ xy + 3x – 5y – 15 = xy – 9
⇒ 3x – 5y = 15 – 9 = 6 ⇒ 3x – 5y = 6 …(i)
Again, we have
(x + 3) 6 + 2) = xy + 67 ⇒ xy + 2x + 3y + 6 = xy + 67
⇒ 2x + 3y = 67 – 6 = 61 ⇒ 2x + 3y = 61…. (ii)
Now, from equation (i), we express the value of x in terms of y as

Putting the value of y in equation (i), we have
3x – 5 x 9 = 6 ⇒ 3x = 6 + 45 = 51
∴ x = \(\frac{51}{3}\) = 17
Hence, the length of rectangle = 17 units and breadth of rectangle = 9 units.

Question 9.
Formulate the following problems as a pair of equations, and hence find their solutions:
(i) Ritu can row downstream 20 km in 2 hours, and upstream 4 km in 2 hours. Find her speed of rowing in still water and the speed of the current.
(ii) Roobi travels 300 km to her home partly by train and partly by bus. She takes 4 hours if she travels 60 km by bus and the remaining by train. If she travels 100 km by bus and the remaining by train, she takes 10 minutes longer. Find the speed of the train and the bus separately.
Solution:
(i) Let her speed of rowing in still water be x km/h and the speed of the current be y km/h.
Case I: When Ritu rows downstream
Her speed (downstream) = (x + y) km/h

Putting the value of x in equation (i), we have
6 + y = 10 ⇒ y = 10 – 6 = 4
Hence, speed of Ritu in still water = 6 km/h.
and speed of current = 4 km/h.

(ii) Let the speed of the bus be x km/h and speed of the train be y km/h.
According to question, we have

Question 10.
The sum of a two digit number and the number formed by interchanging its digits is 110. If 10 is subtracted from the first number, the new number is 4 more than 5 times the sum of the digits in the first number. Find the first number.
Solution:
Let the digits at unit and tens places be x and y respectively.
Then, number = 10y + x …(i)
Number formed by interchanging the digits = 10x + y
According to the given condition, we have
(10y + x) + (10x + y) = 110
⇒ 11x + 11y = 110
⇒ x + y – 10 = 0
Again, according to question, we have
(10y + x) – 10 = 5 (x + y) + 4
⇒ 10y + x – 10 = 5x + 5y + 4
⇒ 10y + x – 5x – 5y = 4 + 10
5y – 4x = 14 or 4x – 5y + 14 = 0
By using cross-multiplication, we have .

Putting the values of x and y in equation (i), we get
Number 10 × 6 + 4 = 64.

Question 11.
Jamila sold a table and a chair for 1050, thereby making a profit of 10% on the table and 25% on the chair. If she had taken a profit of 25% on the table and 10% on the chair she would have got 1065. Find cost price of each.
Solution:
Let cost price of table be ₹x and the cost price of the chair be ₹y.
”

From equation (i) and (ii) we get
110x + 125y = 105000
and 125x + 110y = 106500
On adding and subtracting these equations, we get
235x + 235y = 211500
and 15x – 15y = 1500
i.e., x + y = 900 …(iii)
x – y = 100 …… (iv)
Solving equation (iii) and (iv) we get
x = 500, y = 400
So, the cost price of the table is ₹500 and the cost price of the chair is ₹400.

Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Class 10 Extra Questions HOTS

Question 1.
8 men and 12 boys can finish a piece of work in 10 days while 6 men and 8 boys can finish it in 14 days. Find the time taken by one man alone and that by one boy alone to finish the work.
Solution:
Let one man alone can finish the work in x days and one boy alone can finish the work in y days


Hence, one man alone can finish the work in 140 days and one boy alone can finish the work in 280 days.

Question 2.
A boat covers 25 km upstream and 44 km downstream in 9 hours. Also, it covers 15 km upstream and 22 km downstream in 5 hours. Find the speed of the boat in still water and that of the stream.
Solution:
Let the speed of the boat in still water be x km/h and that of the stream be y km/h. Then,
Speed upstream (x – y) km/h
Speed downstream (x + y) km/h

25u + 44v = 9 ⇒ 25u + 44v – 9 = 0 …(iii)
15u + 22v = 5 ⇒ 15u + 22v – 5 = 0 …(iv)
By cross-multiplication, we have


Solving equations (v) and (vi), we get x = 8 and y = 3.
Hence, speed of the boat in still water is 8 km/h and speed of the stream is 3 km/h.

Question 3.
Students of a class are made to stand in rows. If one student is extra in each row, there would be 2 rows less. If one student is less in each row, there would be 3 rows more. Find the number of students in the class.
Solution:
Let total number of rows be y
and total number of students in each row be x – Total number of students = xy
Case I: If one student is extra in each row, there would be two rows less. Now, number of rows = (y-2) Number of students in each row = (x + 1)
Total number of students = Number of rows x Number of students in each row
xy = 6 – 2)(x + 1) ⇒ xy = xy + y – 2x – 2
xy – xy – y + 2x = -2 ⇒ 2x – y = -2 …(i)

Case II: If one student is less in each row, there would be 3 rows more.
Now, number of rows = (y + 3)
and number of students in each row = (x – 1)
Total number of students = Number of rows x Number of students in each row
∴ xy = 6 + 3)(x – 1) ⇒ xy = xy – y + 3x – 3
xy – xy + y – 3x = -3 ⇒ – 3x + y = -3 … (ii)
On adding equations (i) and (ii), we have

or
Putting the value of x in equation (i), we get
2(5) – y = -2
⇒ 10- y = -2
– y = -2 – 10
⇒ – y = -12
or y = 12
∴ Total number of students in the class = 5 × 12 = 60.

Question 4.
Draw the graph of 2x + y = 6 and 2x – y + 2 = 0. Shade the region bounded by these lines and x-axis. Find the area of the shaded region.
Solution:
We have, 2x + y = 6, ⇒ y = 6 – 2x
When x = 0, we have y = 6 – 2 × 0 = 6
When x = 3, we have y = 6 – 2 × 3 = 0
When x = 2, we have y = 6 – 2 × 2 = 2
Thus, we get the following table:

Now, we plot the points A(0,6), B(3,0) and C(2, 2) on the graph paper. We join A, B and C and extend it on both sides to obtain the graph of the equation 2x + y = 6.

We have, 2x – y + 2 = 1 = y = 2x + 2
When x = 0, we have y = 2 × 0 + 2 = 2
When x = -1, we have y = 2 × (-1) + 2 = 0
When x = 1, we have y = 2 × 1 + 2 = 4
Thus, we have the following table:

Now, we plot the points D(0, 2), E(-1,0) and F(1,4) on the same graph paper. We join D, E and F and extend it on both sides to obtain the graph of the equation 2x – y + 2 = 0. It is evident from the graph that the two lines intersect at point F(1,4). The area enclosed by the given lines and x-axis is shown in Fig. 3.7.
Thus, x = 1, y = 4 is the solution of the given system of equations. Draw FM perpendicular from Fon x-axis.
Clearly, we have
FM = y-coordinate of point F(1, 4) = 4 and BE = 4
∴ Area of the shaded region = Area of AFBE

Question 5.
The ages of two friends Ani and Biju differ by 3 years. Ani’s father Dharam is twice as old as Ani and Biju is twice as old as his sister Cathy. The ages of Cathy and Dharam differ by 30 years. Find the ages of Ani and Biju.
Solution:
Let the ages of Ani and Biju be x and y years respectively. Then x – y = 13
Age of Dharam = 2x years
Age of Cathy = \(\frac{y}{2}\) years
Clearly, Dharam is older than Cathy
IMMM
Thus, we have following two systems of linear equations
x – y = 3 ….. (i)
4x – y = 60 … (ii)
and x – y = -3 … (iii)
4x – y = 60 … (iv)
Subtracting equation (i) from (ii), we get

Putting x = 19 in equation (i), we get
19 – y = 3 ⇒ y = 16
Now, subtracting equation (iii) from (iv)

Putting x = 21 in equation (iii), we get
21 – y = -3 ⇒ y = 24
Hence, age of Ani = 19 years and age of Biju = 16 years
or age of Ani = 21 years and age of Biju = 24 years

Question 6.
A train covered a certain distance at a uniform speed. If the train would have been 10 km/h faster, it would have taken 2 hours less than the scheduled time. And, if the train were slower by 10 km/h it would have taken 3 hours more than the scheduled time. Find distance covered by the train.
Solution:
Let actual speed of the train be x km/h and actual time taken be y hours.
Then, distance covered = speed × time = xy km … (i)
Case I: When speed is (x + 10) km/h, then time taken is (y – 2) hours
∴ Distance covered = (x + 10)(y – 2)
⇒ xy = (x + 10)(y – 2) [From (i)]
= xy = xy – 2x + 10y – 20 ⇒ 2x – 10y = -20 ….(ii)
⇒ x – 5y = -10
Case II: When speed is (x – 10) km/h, then time taken is (y + 3) hours.
∴Distance covered = (x – 10)(y + 3)
xy = (x – 10)(y + 3) [From (i)]
xy = xy + 3x – 10y – 30 …..(iii)
= 3x – 10y = 30
Multiplying equation (ii) by 2 and subtracting it from (iii), we get

Putting x = 50 in equation (ii), we get
50 – 5y = -10
⇒ 50 + 10 = 5y ⇒ y = 12
∴ Distance covered by the train = xy km = 50 × 12 km = 600 km

Here we are providing Kathmandu Extra Questions and Answers Class 9 English Beehive, Extra Questions for Class 9 English was designed by subject expert teachers. https://ncertmcq.com/extra-questions-for-class-9-english/

Kathmandu Extra Questions and Answers Class 9 English Beehive

Kathmandu Extra Questions and Answers Short Answer Type

Kathmandu Class 9 Extra Questions Question 1.
Where did the writer stay in Kathmandu? Which two different places of worship did he visit? With whom?
Answer:
The writer, Vikram Seth, stayed in a cheap room in the centre of Kathmandu. He visited the Pushupatinath temple, sacred to the Hindus, and the Baudhnath stupa, the holy shrine of the Buddhists with his acquaintances Mr Shah’s son and nephew.

Kathmandu Extra Questions Question 2.
What is written on the signboard outside the Pashupatinath temple? What does it signify?
Answer:
Outside the Pashupatinath temple, the signboard announces: “Entrance for the Hindus only”. It signifies that the temple is rigid in the maintaining of its sanctity and holiness as a place of worship. This rule is practiced with inflexible strictness to prevent the temple from being treated like a tourist destination.

Kathmandu Class 9 Questions And Answers Question 3.
What does the author mean when he says “At Pashupatinath there is an atmosphere of febrile confusion”?
Answer:
The author makes this remark to imply there is hectic and chaotic activity around the temple. There is a huge crowd of priests, hawkers, tourists, and even animals like cows, monkeys and pigeons roaming through the grounds. Inside the temple, there are a large number of worshippers who jostle and elbow others aside to move closer to the priest. Together, they create utter confusion.

Kathmandu Chapter Class 9 Questions And Answers Question 4.
Why do devotees elbow others inside the temple?
Answer:
There is a large crowd of worshippers inside the temple, where everyone is trying to vie for the attention of the priests. As some people try to get the priest’s attention, they are elbowed aside by others pushing their way to the front.

Kathmandu Questions And Answers Question 5.
How did the arrival of the princess change the situation?
Answer:
At Pashupatinath temple, worshippers were trying to get the priest’s attention and were elbowing and jostling each other as they pushed their way to the front. The situation changed as a princess of the Nepalese royal house appeared; everyone bowed and made way for her.

Kathmandu Lesson Questions And Answers Question 6.
What did the saffron-clad Westerners want?
Answer:
The saffron-clad Westerners wanted to go inside the Pashupatinath temple. However, as entry to the temple is restricted to Hindus only, they claimed to be Hindus. But the policeman was not allowing them to enter.

Class 9 Kathmandu Question Answer Question 7.
Why did the policeman stop the Westerners wearing saffron-coloured clothes from entering the Pashupatinath temple?
Answer:
The policeman stopped the saffron-clad Westerners from entering the Pashupatinath temple as the entry of non- Hindus is banned in this temple and he didn’t believe that they were Hindus, despite their saffron clothes.

Kathmandu Question Answers Question 8.
Describe the fight that breaks out between the two monkeys around the temple of Pashupatinath?
Answer:
The author describes the fight that breaks out between two monkeys in which one chases the other. The monkey being chased jumps onto a shivalinga, then runs screaming around the temples and finally goes down to the holy river, Bagmati.

Kathmandu Class 9 Question 9.
What activities are observed by the writer on the banks of the Bagmati river?
Answer:
The writer observes some polluting activities on the banks of the river Bagmati. He notices some washerwomen washing clothes, some children taking a bath and a dead body being cremated on the banks of this sacred river. He also observes someone throwing a basketful of wilted flowers and leaves into the river.

Question 10.
Write a short note on the shrine on the stone platform on the riverbank?
Answer:
There is a small shrine on the banks of the holy Bagmati that flows below the Pashupatinath temple. Half part of this shrine protrudes from a stone platform. It is believed that when the shrine will emerge completely from the platform, the goddess in the shrine will escape and that will mark the end of the Kaliyug, or the evil period.

Question 11.
What is the belief at Pashupatinath about the end of Kaliyug?
Answer:
There is a small shrine that half protrudes from the stone platform on the river bank. People believe that when it emerges fully, the goddess inside will escape, and the evil period of the Kaliyug will end on earth.

Question 12.
The writer draws powerful sight and sound images of the activities in and around Pashupatinath temple. List the images.
Answer:
The poet draws images of mindless activity in and around Pashupatinath temple. Priests, hawkers, devotees, cows, pigeons and dogs roam here and there. Devotees elbow and jostle their way to the front as they try to catch the priest’s attention in an attempt to get preferential treatment. There is a fight between two monkeys, as one chases the other jumping on the shivlinga. A group of saffron-clad foreigners argue to be allowed entry into the temple, hawkers call out their wares. Animals also add to the noise as monkeys run around screaming, cows loo and dogs bark, a completely noisy situation.

Question 13.
How does the writer describe Baudhnath stupa?
Answer:
The author gives a brief but vivid picture of the Baudhnath stupa. He admires the serenity and calmness of this shrine. The stupa has an immense white dome with silence and stillness its distinctive features. There are no crowds even on the road surrounding the stupa. There are some shops run by the Tibetan immigrants.

Question 14.
The Baudhnath stupa ‘is a haven of quietness in the busy streets around’. Comment.
Answer:
The narrator observes a sense of stillness at the Buddhist shrine, the Baudhnath stupa. Its immense white dome is ringed by a road with small shops selling items like felt bags, Tibetan prints and silver jewellery.The quietness of the stupa stands out amidst the busy business activities that go around it. Thus, the narrator regards this place as a haven of quietness in the busy streets around.

Question 15.
How is the atmosphere at Pashupatinath temple different from that at Baudhnath Stupa?
Answer:
The atmosphere at Pashupatinath Temple is noisy and chaotic. People jostle with each other and animals mill around. Hawkers call out their wares. On the other hand, the atmosphere at Baudhnath stupa is calm and serene. There are some Tibetans shops but the huge crowds of Pashupatinath are missing there. There is calm as opposed to chaos near the Pashupatinath temple.

Question 16.
What are the author’s observations about the streets in Kathmandu?
Answer:
The author finds the streets in Kathmandu are ‘vivid, mercenary and religious’. Extremely narrow and busy, these streets have many small shrines and some images clad in flowers. There are a number of shops selling Western cosmetics, film rolls and chocolate or copper utensils and Nepalese antiques. Stray cows roam about mooing at the sound of the motorcycles. Vendors sell their wares shouting loudly and radios are played at a loud pitch. In addition, the horns of the cars and the ringing of the bicycle bells increase this din.

Question 17.
The writer says, “All this I wash down with Coca Cola”. What does‘all this’ refer to?
Answer:
‘All this’ refers to the eatables that the writer buys and eats on one of the busy streets of Kathmandu. It includes a bar of marzipan, a com-on-the-cob roasted in a charcoal brazier on the pavement (rubbed with salt, chilli powder and lemon). He finishes of his meal by drinking Coca Cola and a nauseating orange drink.

Question 18.
Which is the route from Kathmandu to Delhi that the writer had planned to take earlier? Which route does he opt for? Why?
Answer:
The writer had planned to travel from Kathmandu to Delhi by first reaching Patna by bus and train. Then he planned to sail up the Ganges past Benaras to Allahabad, then up the Yamuna, past Agra to Delhi. The shorter option taken by the author is to fly via air, straight from Kathmandu to Delhi. He changed his plans because he was tired and homesick.

Question 19.
Why does Vikram Seth decide to buy an air ticket directly for the homeward journey?
Answer:
Vikram Seth had travelled from China to Kathmandu via Tibet. It had been a long journey and he was feeling very exhausted and homesick. Though his enthusiasm for travelling tempted him to take a longer route to reach back home, his exhaustion and homesickness impelled him to buy an air-ticket directly for the homeward journey to Delhi.

Question 20.
What difference does the author note between the flute seller and the other hawkers?
Answer:
The author points out that while other hawkers loudly call their wares to attract the customers, the flute seller plays upon his flute softly and meditatively. He does not indulge in excessive display nor does he show any desperation to sell his flutes. Although the flute player does not shout, the sound of the flute is distinctly heard above the noise of the traffic and of the hawkers.

Question 21.
What does Vikram Seth compare to the quills of a porcupine?
Answer:
Vikram Seth found a flute seller in Kathmandu standing in a comer of the square near his hotel. He held a pole in his hand which had an attachment at the top around and fifty to sixty flutes were stuck into it that protruded in all directions. The author compares these protruding flutes to the sharp, stiff quills of a porcupine.

Question 22.
Name five kinds of flutes.
Answer:
As the author listens to the music of the flute being played by the flute seller, he is reminded of different kinds of flutes that he has seen and heard. He talks of the kinds of flutes like the ‘cross-flutes’, the reed neh, the recorder, the Japanese shakuhachi and the Hindustani bansuri. Other flutes are distinguished by their tonal quality like ‘the clear or breathy flutes’ of South America and the ‘high-pitched’ flutes of China.

Question 23.
What effect does the music of the flute have on Vikram Seth?
Answer:
The music of the flute has a hypnotic effect on Vikram Seth. So much so, that he finds it difficult to tear himself away from the square where this music is being playing by the flute seller. It has the power to draw him into the commonality of all mankind and he is moved by its closeness to human voice.

Question 24.
Why does the author describe the music of the flute as “the most universal and most particular of sounds”?
Answer:
The music of the flute, according to the author, is the most ‘universal’ because this musical instrument, made of hollow bamboo is found in every culture in the world. But at the same time, its sound is the most ‘particular’ because each flute, though played in almost a similar manner, produces a unique sound.

Kathmandu Extra Questions and Answers Long Answer Type

Question 1.
Compare and contrast the atmosphere in and around the Baudhnath shrine with the Pashupatinath temple.
Answer:
The Pashupatinath Temple, sacred to the Hindus, and the Baudhnath shrine of the Buddhists stand in contrast with regard to their ambience. The noisy confusion of the Hindu Temple is the opposite of the peace and tranquility that reigns supreme in the Baudhnath shrine. In the Pashupatinath temple, utter chaos is created by the large crowd of rowdy worshippers who push and jostle each other to reach closer to the priest and the deity.

At Baudhnath stupa, there aren’t many people inside the structure. Confusion is also created by some Westerners who wish to enter the temple and argue with the policeman. The atmosphere at Pashupatinath Temple is made noisy by the large crowds of priests, hawkers, devotees and tourists. Animals like cows and dogs freely move around and the pigeons too contribute to the confusion. Even monkeys play about and fight in the premises of the temple.

Question 2.
How does the author describe Kathmandu’s busiest streets?
Answer:
The author presents the busiest streets of Kathmandu as ‘vivid, mercenary and religious’. The streets are full of life with large crowds, shops and hawkers calling out their wares. There is a lot of religious activity going on all the time. Besides the well-known religious shrines like the Pashupatinath temple and the Baudhnath stupa, Kathmandu also has small shrines and flower-adorned deities that line the narrow, but busy streets of Kathmandu. It is ‘mercenary’ as it is a tourist place and a lot of business flourishes in the narrow streets.

One can find fruit sellers, flute sellers, and hawkers selling postcard photographs. As in any other tourist place, there are shops selling various things like cosmetics from western countries, rolls of film, chocolates, antique items of Nepal, and copper pots and pans. There is a medley of noises created by radios playing film songs, sounds of car-horns, bells of bicycles and vendors shouting to invite the customers. There are also the cows bellowing as they hear the sounds of motorcycles. Thus, the streets of Kathmandu are full of noise and din.

Question 3.
“To hear any flute is to be drawn into the commonality of all mankind.” Why does the author say this?
Answer:
The author hears the music of a flute played by a flute seller in a square near his hotel in Kathmandu and is reminded of the various kinds of music produced by various types of flutes found in various cultures. However, the flute is universal, because almost every culture has flutes, though each has a different tone and pitch.

Different cultures have given different names to the flutes such as the shakuhachi in Japan and the bansuri in India. Flutes from different cultures have different fingering methods and ranges of sound. The Indian bansuri has a deep sound, the South American flute emits clear, breathy sound and the Chinese flute gives out loud, high-pitched melodies.

Despite the variety of flutes and the variations in their music, the author emphasises that the music of all the flutes closely resembles human voice. To produce music, every flute needs pauses and breaths in the same manner in which phrases and sentences are uttered in human voice. These pauses and breaths are generated through fingering of the holes of a flute. This characteristic feature of the flutes gives the author a feeling of being “drawn into the commonality of mankind”, which gives him a sense of universality ahd harmony.

Question 4.
What idea do you get about the author from the extract “Kathmandu ”?
Answer:
The extract “Kathmandu” taken from Vikram Seth’s travelogue, ‘From Heaven Lake’, highlights certain traits of his personality. As a traveller, Seth displays a keen sense of observation, and as a person with a fine aesthetic sense, his ability to capture the vivid details of his surroundings. Vikram Seth draws vivid pictures of the temples of Kathmandu and its narrow, crowded streets. Though he doesn’t say it directly, but his admiration of the Baudhnath Stupa with its serene stillness and his calling it a ‘haven of quietness’ shows he prefers serenity and tranquility.

He also shows his concern as an environmentalist who does not approve of the polluting activities carried on the banks of Bagmati river. Vikram Seth’s fondness for travelling is obvious by the fact that although tired, he still contemplates taking a longer route back home to Delhi. His fondness for music is brought forth when we find him totally enchanted by the music of the flute. He is so fascinated that he has to tear himself away from the square where the flute is being played by the seller.

His choice about reading reveals that when tired, he prefers to read light and popular stuff like love comics and Reader’s Digest. Like a typical traveller, he indulges himself with the eatables he finds available in the bazaar of Kathmandu. Thus, the author emerges as a man with profound fondness for travelling, love for music, keen sense of observation, reflective mind, and an ability to portray places and people realistically.

Question 5.
Where does the author find the flute seller and what are his observations about him?
Answer:
The author finds a flute seller along with many other hawkers in a comer of the square near his hotel in Kathmandu. But the flute seller’s style of selling his ware differs from that of the other vendors. He does not shout to attract the customers nor does he show any kind of desperation to sell. He carries a pole with about fifty to sixty flutes attached at the top. The flute seller, instead of hawking loudly, places the pole on the ground every now and then, selects a flute and plays upon it slowly and in a meditative manner without ever resorting to excessive display.

The sound of the flute is distinct and clear and can be heard even above the noise created by the traffic horns and the shouts of the hawkers. He does not seem to run a very brisk business and it appears as if playing flute is his chief activity and selling of flutes is incidental to it. The mesmerising music of the flute draws the author to it. He is left spell-bound by its hypnotic notations. The impact is so deep that he has to force himself to leave the square where the flute is being played. This music is etched in his memory and he carries it with him to his home in India.

Kathmandu Extra Questions and Answers Reference to Context

Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow.

Question 1.
I get a cheap room in the centre of town and sleep for hours. The next morning, with Mr. Shah’s son and nephew, I visit the two temples in Kathmandu that are most sacred to Hindus and Buddhists.

(a) Who does “I” refer to in the above lines?
Answer:
I refers to the writer of the travelogue, Vikram Seth.

(b) Where is he at the time?
Answer:
He is in a cheap room in a hotel in the centre of Kathmandu at the time.

(c) With whom does the author visit the two temples?
Answer:
The author visits the two temples with Mr. Shah’s son and his nephew.

(d) Which two temples in Kathmandu does he visit? With which religions are they associated?
Answer:
He visits the two famous temples of Kathmandu – the Pashupatinath, sacred to the Hindus and the Baudhnath Stupa, sacred to the Buddhists.

Question 2.
There are so many worshippers that some people trying to get the priest’s attention are elbowed aside by others pushing their way to the front.

(a) Which place of worship is the narrator describing here?
Answer:
The narrator is describing Kathmandu’s Pashupatinath temple, which is sacred to the Hindus.

(b) How do devotees behave inside the temple?
Answer:
The devotees at the temple push and jostle with others as they try to move ahead and get the priest’s attention. In this attempt, some people are elbowed aside.

(c) Why do you think some people are pushing their way to the front?
Answer:
Some people are pushing their way to the front to get a clear view of the deity and also to make their offerings through the priest.

(d) What sort of an atmosphere is being created by the crowd in the temple?
Answer:
The crowd in the temple is indisciplined and unorganized. They are creating chaos and confusion with their unruly behaviour, which is robbing the temple of its sanctity.

Question 3.
A princess of the Nepalese royal house appears; everyone bows and makes way. By the main gate, a party of saffron-clad Westerners struggle for permission to enter.

(a) Which place is being talked about in the above extract?
Answer:
The writer is talking about the Pashupatinath Temple at Kathmandu.

(b) How had the crowd of worshippers been behaving before the princess appeared? How is their behaviour different now?
Answer:
The crowd of worshippers were trying to get the priest’s attention and were jostling with each other and were elbowing others aside to push their way to the front, but as soon as the princess appeared, the worshippers bowed and made way for her.

(c) How are the Westerners trying to convince the policeman they are Hindus? Why?
Answer:
The Westerners were dressed in saffron and were claiming to be Hindus because only Hindus can enter the Pashupatinath temple.

(d) Which river flows next to the temple?
Answer:
The river Bagmati flows next to the temple.

Question 4.
By the main gate, a party of saffron-clad Westerners struggle for permission to enter.

(a) Which place is the author talking about here?
Answer:
he author is talking of the famous Hindu shrine – the Pashupatinath Temple in Kathmandu.

(b) Who are the saffron-clad Westerners at the main gate?
Answer:
The saffron-clad Westerners at the main gate are a group of tourists.

(c) Why do they struggle for permission to enter?
Answer:
They struggle for permission to enter because the temple allows entry only to Hindus.

(d) What does this show about the cultural practices of this place?
Answer:
It shows that the authorities who look after this shrine are very rigid about maintaining the sanctity of the temple as a place of worship. They do not want it to be treated like a tourist spot.

Question 5.
A fight breaks out between two monkeys. One chases the other, who jumps onto a shivalinga, then runs screaming around the temples and down to the river, the holy Bagmati, that flows below.

(a) What are the two monkeys doing?
Answer:
The two monkeys are fighting each other and chasing each other.

(b) Where are the two monkeys?
Answer:
The two monkeys are running around the shivalingas and then down to the river.

(c) What is the atmosphere at Pashupatinath Temple?
Answer:
At Pashupatinath there is an atmosphere of ‘febrile confusion’ as crowds of worshippers and animals jostle and elbow each other.

(d) What is the belief about the shrine that half protrudes from the stone platform on the river bank?
Answer:
People believe when the shrine emerges fully, the goddess inside will escape, and the evil period of the Kaliyug will end on earth.

Question 6.
A corpse is being cremated on its banks; washerwomen are at their work and children bathe. From a balcony a basket of flowers and leaves, old offerings now wilted, is dropped into the river.

(a) Which river is referred to in this extract?
Answer:
The river Bagmati that flows through Kathmandu and on the banks of which Pashupatinath temple is situated is referred to here.

(b) What is the significance of this river?
Answer:
The river Bagmati is significant as it is considered sacred by the Hindus. They worship it like a pious deity.

(c) How is the river being polluted and by whom?
Answer:
A basket of withered away flowers, leaves and old offerings is thrown into the river from the balcony of the Pashupatinath temple. Corpse are cremated on its banks, washerwomen wash clothes in the river and children bathe in it.

(d) What light does this polluting of the river throw on the people?
Answer:
Throwing of refuse into the sacred Bagmati river, or polluting it by bathing or washing clothes reflects that these people lack concern for environment. They pollute the very river which they consider to be sacred.

Question 7.
There are no crowds: this is a haven of quietness in the busy streets around.

(a) Which place is being talked about here?
Answer:
The writer is talking about the Baudhnath stupa here.

(b) How does this contrast with the other place of worship?
Answer:
While the Baudhnath Stupa is a quiet, still place, the crowded noisy Pashupatinath temple is a place of feverish activity.

(c) Who owns the shops on the ‘busy streets around’?
Answer:
Many of the shops outside are owned by Tibetan immigrants.

(d) What did the shops sell?
Answer:
They sold felt bags, Tibetan prints, silver jewellery etc.

Question 8.
Kathmandu is vivid, mercenary, religious, with small shrines to flower-adorned deities along the narrowest and busiest streets; with fruit sellers, flute sellers, hawkers of postcards; shops selling Western cosmetics, film rolls and chocolate; or copper utensils and Nepalese antiques.

(a) Explain the meaning of the word “mercenary”.
Answer:
The word “mercenary” means interested only in the amount of money that you can be made from a situation even at the expense of ethics. This implies sales in the shops of Kathmandu are not always above board.

(b) How does the author describe the streets of Kathmandu?
Answer:
The streets of Kathmandu are the narrowest and busiest streets that he has ever seen.

(c) What are the things that the author buys?
Answer:
The author buys a bar of marzipan, a com-on-the-cob roasted in a charcoal brazier on the pavement (rubbed with salt, chilli powder and lemon), a couple of love story comics, and a Reader’s Digest.

(d) Which things are sold in the market of Kathmandu?
Answer:
Nepalese antiques, Western cosmetics and film rolls are sold there.

Question 9.
Go home, I tell myself: move directly towards home. I enter a Nepal Airlines office and buy a ticket for tomorrow’s flight.

(a) What route had the writer thought of taking?
Answer:
The writer had thought of going by bus and train to Patna, then sailing up the Ganges past Benaras to Allahabad, then up the Yamuna, past Agra to Delhi.

(b) Why did he change his plan?
Answer:
The writer was tired as he had been travelling for many days. He was also homesick and wanted to travel home straight.

(c) How did he plan to travel now?
Answer:
He planned to fly by Nepal Airlines from Kathmandu to Delhi.

(d) When is he leaving Kathmandu?
Answer:
He is leaving Kathmandu the next day.

Question 10.
In his hand is a pole with an attachment at the top from which fifty or sixty bansuris protrude in all directions, like the quills of a porcupine. They are of bamboo: there are cross-flutes and recorders. From time to time, he stands the pole on the ground, selects a flute and plays for a few minutes.

(a) What attracts the writer in the market?
Answer:
A flute seller and the music being played by him attracts the writer.

(b) How is he different from other hawkers?
Answer:
He plays on the flute to entertain people. He does not cry out to attract buyers.

(c) Why does he sometimes break off playing flute?
Answer:
The flute seller sometimes breaks off playing his flute in order to talk to the fruit seller.

(d) What does Vikram Seth compare to the quills of a porcupine?
Answer:
The flute seller’s stock of flutes protruding in all directions from an attachment on the pole was looking like the quills of a porcupine.

Question 11.
I find it difficult to tear myself away from the square.

(a) Which square does the writer refer to?
Answer:
The writer, Vikram Seth, refers to the square near his hotel in Kathmandu.

(b) What was the writer doing in the square?
Answer:
The writer was tired and homesick and was going back to his hotel after having bought his air ticket to fly back to India the next day.

(c) Why does ‘he’ find it difficult to tear himself away from the square?
Answer:
‘He’ finds it difficult to tear himself from the square because he is mesmerised by the sweet notes of the flute-music being played there by the flute seller

(d) Explain the expression ‘tear myself away’. Why does the writer use the expression?
Question
‘Tear myself away’ means to separate forcibly. Hence the expression shows the effort on the part of the narrator to pull himself away from the enthralling music of the flute.

Question 12.
It weaves its own associations. Yet to hear any flute is, it seems to me, to be drawn into the commonality of all mankind, to be moved by music closest in its phrases and sentences to the human voice. Its motive force too is living breath: it too needs to pause and breathe before it can go on.

(a) What does ‘it’ refer to?
Answer:
‘It’ refers to the sounds produced by different flutes.

(b) How does ‘it’ weave its own associations?
Answer:
The expression means that each kind of flute produces a different and a unique type of music associated with some particular place

(c) Why is its music closest to the human voice?
Answer:
The music of the flute is closest to the human voice because pauses and breaths are needed to produce musical notes of the flute in the same manner in which words, phrases and sentences are uttered in human voice.

(d) Why does it draw the author in the ‘commonality of all mankind’?
Answer:
The flute draws the author in the “commonality of all mankind” because this instrument is found in all cultures and is played in a similar manner. Hence, it seems to connect the whole mankind.

Here we are providing Online Education for Madam Rides the Bus Extra Questions and Answers Class 10 English First Flight, Extra Questions for Class 10 English was designed by subject expert teachers. https://ncertmcq.com/extra-questions-for-class-10-english/

Online Education for Madam Rides the Bus Extra Questions and Answers Class 10 English First Flight

Madam Rides the Bus Extra Questions and Answers Very Short Answer Type

Madam Rides The Bus Extra Questions Question 1.
Who was Valli?
Answer:
Valli was an eight year old girl.

Madam Rides The Bus Extra Question Answer Question 2.
What was her full name?
Answer:
Her full name was Valliammai.

Madam Rides The Bus Extra Questions And Answers Question 3.
What was her favourite pastime?
Answer:
Her favourite pastime was to watch the happening in the street outside standing in the front doorway of her house.

Madam Rides The Bus Class 10 Extra Questions Question 4.
What did she use to watch from her door?
Answer:
She used to watch the happenings in the street outside.

Extra Questions Of Madam Rides The Bus Question 5.
Why did she spend her time all alone?
Answer:
She spent her time all alone because she had no playmates of her own age.

Madam Rides The Bus Short Questions And Answers Question 6.
What was her overwhelming desire?
Answer:
Here overwhelming desire was to ride the bus.

Madam Rides The Bus Important Questions Question 7.
Where was the bus going?
Answer:
The bus was going to the city.

Class 10 Madam Rides The Bus Extra Questions Question 8.
What did the conductor say to Valli?
Answer:
The conductor asked Valli to hurry up and come quickly.

Extra Questions From Madam Rides The Bus Question 9.
What did Valli reply to the conductor?
Answer:
Valli replied that she was the only passenger who had to go on.

Question 10.
Where was Valli going?
Answer:
Valli was going to the city.

Question 11.
Why did Valli stand up on her seat?
Answer:
She stood up on her seat because she found her view cut off by a canvas blind.

Question 12.
What did Valli see outside the window?
Answer:
She saw a canal, palm tree, grassland and mountains outside the window.

Question 13.
How was Valli feeling?
Answer:
Valli was feeling happy and enjoying her ride.

Question 14.
What did the elderly woman try to do?
Answer:
The elderly women tried to befriend Valli.

Question 15.
What did the woman ask her?
Answer:
The woman asked Valli if she was all alone.

Question 16.
Why did Valli become sad?
Answer:
Valli became sad because the cow was dead.

Question 17.
What did Valli find when she came back home?
Answer:
When Valli came back and entered her home, she found her mother awake and talking to one of her aunts.

Madam Rides the Bus Extra Questions and Answers Short Answer Type

Question 1.
What kind of a person was Valli?
Answer:
Valli was a curious, keen observer who had strong will power and determination. She was bold, brave and self-respective! She had immense self confidence and wanted to do everything on her own. she was innocent, highly sensitive, intelligent and was a very careful planner.

Question 2.
What was Valli’s favourite pastime?
Answer:
Valli’s favourite pastime was to stand in the front doorway of her house and watch the happenings of the street. ,

Question 3.
Why did Valli want to ride on the bus?
Answer:
Valli used to watch the bus on its hourly rounds through her street everyday. The sight of the bus filled with new passengers every time gave her unending joy. She was curious and wished to ride it once. So, she wanted to ride on the bus to enjoy it.

Question 4.
How did Valli plan for her first journey?
Answer:
Valli made careful and painstaking plans for her first journey. She saved every penny, cut down on her expenses and resisted all the temptations to save sixty paise for the fare. She gathered the information from the passengers and neighbours. She calculated the time required and chose afternoon, as her mother would take a nap during that time. All this shows that she was a meticulous planner.

Question 5.
What did Valli do after she got into the bus?
Answer:
She got into the bus and she looked at everything very thoroughly. When she looked outside she found her view cut off by the canvas blind that covered the lower part of her window. So she stood upon the seat and peered over the blind.

Question 6.
What did Valli see out of the window on her first journey?
Answer:
Valli saw the nature’s grandeur out of the bus window. She saw the. green bank of a canal with the palm trees and mountains in the background and the blue sky. On the other side, she saw a deep ditch and green fields. She saw other vehicles, a young cow running in front of the bus. She later saw it dead.

Question 7.
What did the Valli find when she entered her house after the ride from the bus?
Answer:
Valli entered her house after the ride from the bus. Her mother was awake and talking to one of her aunts. She was from the South Street and was a real chatterbox. She would never close her mouth once she started talking.

Question 8.
How did Valli arrange for her bus fare?
Answer:
Valli arranged for her bus fare meticulously. For her first journey outside the village, Valli needed sixty paise to the two way fare of the bus. She needed some knowledge and ample time. She saved the money herself, collected the information from the passengers and utilized the time of her mother’s nap for it.

Question 9.
What did Valli’s mother say about the things happening without her knowledge?
Answer:
Valli’s mother said that so many things happen amidst us and in the world outside. We cannot know everything. When we know about something we often cannot understand it completely.

Question 10.
What was Valli’s favourite pastime?
Answer:
Valli was a Tamil girl. She had no playmates. It was her favourite pastime to stand in the doorway of her house. Thus she was able to watch all that was going on there. In a way she had attained too many unusual experiences.

Question 11.
What was a source of unending joy for Valli? What was her strongest desire?
Answer:
Valli was deeply attracted towards the bus. She had the strongest desire to ride in it. It travelled between Her village and the nearest town at an interval of an hour. The sight of the bus and passengers had been the source of unending joy for her.

Question 12.
What did Valli find out about the bus journey? How did she find out these details?
Answer:
Valli used to look at the faces of the daily travellers of the bus. Very often she listened to the conversations held between her neighbours and the passengers. Sometimes she also asked questions from them.

Question 13.
What do you think Valli was planning to do?
Answer:
Valli was a clever girl. She was planning to travel in the bus. She was calculating the time needed for the trip. The trip of the town took forty five minutes. It came to her mind to take the afternoon bus of . one o’clock. She would return by two forty five.

Question 14.
Why does the conductor call Valli ‘madam’?
Answer:
The conductor was a jolly sort of fellow. He was much fond of joking. He had judged the temperament of this small child. It was only to please her, he called her Valli ‘madam’.

Question 15.
Why does Valli stand up on the seat? What does she see now?
Answer:
Valli stands up on her seat. She has a keen desire to see everything with her own eyes. So she starts to look outside. She sees that the bus is going along the bank of a canal. The road is very narrow. Beyond it were the palm trees, mountains and fields etc.

Question 16.
What does Valli tell the elderly man when he calls her a child?
Answer:
Valli was a very smart girl. She had a superiority complex in her mind. She did not want herself to be called a child. On hearing herself as a child, she answered that there was no child. She had paid thirty paise like everyone else.

Question 17.
Why didn’t Valli want to make friends with the elderly woman?
Answer:
Valli was a girl of superior nature. She greatly disliked the elderly woman for her big holes in the ears. ‘ The earrings was very ugly. She was chewing the betel-nut. Its juice could fall at any moment. She was putting irrelevant questions to Valli.

Question 18.
How did Valli save up money for her first journey? Was it easy for her?
Answer:
Valli was a very wise girl. She saved her every penny to have a ride in the bus. She resisted every temptation to buy balloons, toys, peppermints and so on. She even controlled herself to have a ride on the merry-go-round at the village fair. It was rather troublesome for her.

Question 19.
What did Valli see on her way that made her laugh?
Answer:
By chance there came a young cow right in front of the running bus. The driver slowed it down. He sounded the horn very loudly time and again. But the more he honked, the more the cow was frightened and galloped faster. This made Valli laugh.

Question 20.
Why didn’t she get off the bus at the bus station?
Answer:
When the bus terminated at the bus station, Valli did not get off. The conductor asked her to get off. She replied that she would turn back by the same bus. She even refused to see the sights and the cold drink. She was afraid to move alone.

Question 21.
Why didn’t Valli want to go to the stall and have a drink? What does this tell you about her?
Answer:
Valli did not want to go to the stall and have a drink because she was afraid. She was alone. She had money only for the ticket. This tells that Valli was a very wise girl. She could control her feelings.

Madam Rides the Bus Extra Questions and Answers Long Answer Type

Question 1.
“On and on went her thoughts as she calculated and recalculated, planned and replanned”. In which manner did Valli calculate, plan and prepare herself for the ride on the bus?
Answer:
Valli had made careful, painstaking and elaborate plans for her visit to the city. She had saved every  coin she could. She overcame the temptation to buy peppermints, toys, balloons and the lijce. Finally she had saved a total of sixty paise. She suppressed her strong desire to ride on the merry-go-round at the village fair. Her next problem was how to slip out of the house without her mother’s knowledge. But she managed this without much difficulty as everyday after lunch her mother would take a nap from about , one to four or so. She would visit the city during this period.

Question 2.
‘Never mind ‘she said, “I can get on by myself.” “You do not have to help me”, said Valli to the conductor. She shows extraordinary courage in making the bus journey all alone. Taking inspiration from Valli’s character, write how ability and courage to take risk are essential to fulfill one’s dreams.
Answer:
It is absolutely true that ability and courage to take risk are essential to fulfill one’s dream. Valli was an eight year old girl. She never made a journey to outside. She even never rode a bus. Her parents did not allow her to go outside her house. But she mustered up the courage and rode on a bus to make a bus journey. She enjoyed the journey and understand the reality about the outside world. She was a young girl but she made the journey without any difficulty because she had courage to take risk.

In other words, we can say that the thing or task that seems to be very hard is actually not so tough. We can do it if we have the ability and courage to take risk. If we do not dare to take risk, we lose opportunities to get better.

Question 3.
Whenever we want to achieve something, difficulties always come in our way. What did Valli have to do to go and ride in a bus?
OR
Once we decide to achieve something, so many difficulties come in our ways with focused attention we can make that achievement. How did valli succeed in fulfilling her desire of riding a bus?
Answer:
It is true that whenever we want something, difficulties do come in our way. But one must be ambitious in life. Achieving goals require perseverance. Valli wanted to ride the bus, however, she did not have the money to do so. The challenge in front of her was to arrange for the required amount of money. Valli had carefully saved whatever stray coins came her way, resisting every temptation to buy peppermints, toys, balloons and the like. Finally she had collected thirty paise. Moreover, she watched the bus, its routine and schedule very carefully. She also listened to people’s conversation about their journey. But due to her efforts, finally she accomplished her desire.

Question 4.
Compare Valli’s journey to the city with her journey back home. Why was there a change in her mood?
OR
“Valli’s journey to the city is also her introduction into the mystery of life and death. Elaborate.
OR
Why did Valli not enjoy her bus ride back home?
Answer:
Valli’s journey to the city is also her introduction into the mystery of life and death. While on her way to the city Valli saw a cow running very fast in the middle of the road, right in front of the bus. Valli enjoyed the scene. She kept on laughing initially and her eyes were filled with tears. She saw life in the form of a small cow. This is what life gives us—happiness, enjoyment. Valli enjoyed the scene.

On her way back home she saw a dead cow lying on the road. It was hit by some speeding vehicle. She recognised it. It was the same cow that filled her life with fun and joy only a few minutes before. She was overcome with the feelings of sadness. She realised how death can change the things.

“What had been a lovable, beautiful creature just a little while ago had now suddenly lost its charm and its life and looked so horrible, so frightening.” The memory of the dead cow haunted Valli and she did not enjoy her remaining journey

Question 5.
What was Valli’s deepest desire? Find the words and phrases in the story that tell you this.
Answer:
It was the deepest desire of Valli to enjoy a bus ride. There ran a bus between her village and the nearest town. She was able to fulfil her desire. The following words and phrases tell us about this.
The fascinating things, the sight of the bus, a source of un-ending joy. A tiny wish crept into her head overwhelming desire, listening carefully discreet questions and stop the bus, etc.

Question 6.
How did Valli plan her bus ride? What did she find out about the bus and how did she save the fare?
Answer:
Valli was a Tamil girl of eight years. She had no playmates. It was her favourite pastime to stand on the front doorway of her house. She watched what was happening in the street outside. She had the keenest desire to have a bus ride. She listened to the conversation between her neighbours and people who were regular bus commuters. She even questioned them. She had got ample knowledge about the bus, bus fare and duration of time. There ran a bus between her village and the nearest town. The town was six miles from her village.

The fare was thirty paise for one way. So she had to collect sixty-paise for the both side journey. This she had heard from a well-dressed person. The trip to the town took forty five minutes. She would board at one O’clock afternoon bus and reach the town at one forty-five . She would be back by about two forty-five. She resisted all her temptations of buying balloons, toys and saved money. She collected all the stray coins that came her way. At the village fair, she avoided the swing and the merry-go-round. Thus she collected her requisite money.

Question 7.
Why does the conductor refer to Valli as ‘madam’?
Answer:
The conductor is a man of worldly wise nature. He has evaluated that the girl has innocence and ignorance in her behaviour. In order to enjoy and have fun and not to make her unhappy, he calls Valli as ‘Madam’ though she is simply a girl of eight years.

Question 8.
Find the lines in the text which tell you that Valli was enjoying her ride on the bus.
Answer:
The following lines in the text tell us that Valli was enjoying her ride on the bus.

• While the bus was moving on a narrow road along the bank of a canal, she saw distant mountains, fields, sky and so on. She went on seeing as far as her eyes could see. She uttered, “Oh, it was all so wonderful.
• The bus rolled on cutting across a bare landscape and was about to gobble up another vehicle. The bus left everything safely. Valli suddenly clapped her hands with glee.
• There came a cow, it ran faster at the horn and came right before the bus. This scene made her laugh until there were tears in her eyes. The conductor said, ‘Hey, lady, haven’t you laughed enough? Better save some for tomorrow’.
• The bus passed the shopping street. There were displays of clothes and other merchandise! Such big crowds! Struck dumb with wonder, Valli gaped at everything.

Question 9.
Why does Valli refuse to look out of the window on her way back?
Answer:
While on her way back, Valli saw a young cow lying dead by the roadside. It looked horrible and frightening. There was a fixed stare in her lifeless eyes with blood all over. Its memory haunted her very much. She lost all her enthusiasm and excitement. She no longer wanted to look out of the window.

Question 10.
What does Valli mean when she says, “I was just agreeing with what you said about things happening without our knowledge?”
Answer:
Valli entered her house after her bus journey. She found her mother conversing with one of her aunts. She overhears their discussion on the things happening in their midst as well as in the world outside. They could not know about everything. Even some of them could not be understood by them. At this juncture, Valli too opined like a wise person and told that many things were happening without their knowledge.

Question 11.
The author describes the things that Valli sees from an eight years old’s point of view. Can you find evidence from the text for this statement?
Answer:
The author has rightly described many things from an eight years old Valli’s point of view.
Some of the sentences can be mentioned as under:

• On listening to one of her friends describing the sights, Valli would shout “Proud! Proud!
• From the regular bus commuters, she would ask a few discreet questions here and there.
• And here’s my money.
• I can get on by myself. You don‘t have to help me.
• There’s nobody here who’s a child.
• Ugh! Who could be sociable with such a person.
• “No, no one will be looking for me,”she said.

Madam Rides the Bus Extra Questions and Answers Reference to Context

Read the following passages and answer the questions that follow:

Question 1.
There was a girl named Valliammai who was called Valli for short. She was eight years old and very curious about things. Her favourite pastime was standing in the front doorway of her house, watching what was happening in the street outside. There were no playmates of her own age on her street, and this was about all she had to do.
But for Valli, standing at the front door was every bit as enjoyable as any of the elaborate games other children played. Watching the street gave her many new unusual experiences. (Page 117)
(i) What was the short name of the girl?
(ii) What was Valli’s favourite pastime?
(iii) Why did she spend her time all alone?
(iv) Pick out the word from the passage that means same as ‘uncommon’.
Answer:
(i) Valli was the short name of the girl.
(ii) Valli’s favourite pastime was standing in front doorway of her house.
(iii) She spent her time all alone because she had no playmates of her own age in her street.
(iv) ‘unusual’.

Question 2.
The most fascinating thing of all was the bus that travelled between her village and the nearest town. It passed through her street each hour, once going to the town and once coming back. The sight of the bus, filled each time with a new set of passengers, was a source of unending joy for Valli. Day after day she watched the bus, and gradually a tiny wish crept into her head and grew there: she wanted to ride on that bus, even if just once. This wish became stronger and stronger, until it was an overwhelming desire. Valli would stare wistfully at the people who got on or off the bus when it stopped at the street comer. Their faces would kindle in her longings, dreams, and hopes. If one of her friends happened to ride the bus and tried to describe the sights of the town to her, Valli would be too jealous to listen and would shout, in English: “Proud! Proud!”
(i) What did Valli watch daily?
(ii) What was her overwhelming desire?
(iii) Was Valli’s wish to ride the bus stronger or weaker?
(iv) Pick out the word from the passage that means same as—longingly.
Answer:
(i) Valli watched the bus that travelled between her village and the nearest town.
(ii) Valli’s overwhelming desire was to ride the bus.
(iii) Valli’s wish to ride the bus was too strong.
(iv) ‘wistfully’.

Question 3.
Over many days and months Valli listened carefully to conversations between her neighbours and people who regularly used the bus, and she also asked a few discreet questions here and there. This way she picked up various small details about the bus journey. The town was six miles from her village. The fare was thirty paise one way—“which is almost nothing at all,” “she heard one well-dressed man say, but to Valli, who scarcely saw that much money from onfc month to the next, it seemed a fortune. The trip to the town took forty-five minutes. On reaching town, if she stayed in her seat and paid another thirty paise, she could return home on the same bus. This meant that she could take the one-o’ clock afternoon bus, reach the town at one forty-five, and be back home by about two forty-five… On and on went her thoughts as she calculated and recalculated, planned and replanned.
(i) How did Valli know details about this bus journey?
(ii) What was the distance of the town from Valli’s village?
(iii) How did she pay for her journey?
(iv) Pick out the words from the passage that means same as—‘careful questions’.
Answer:
(i) Valli knew details about the bus journey from the conversations between her neighbours and commuters.
(ii) The distance of the town from Valli’s village was six miles.
(iii) She paid thirty paise for her bus journey.
(iv) ‘discreet questions’.

Question 4.
Well, one fine spring day the afternoon bus was just on the point of leaving the village and turning into the main highway when a small voice was heard shouting: “Stop the bus! Stop the bus!” And a tiny hand was raised commandingly.The bus slowed down to a crawl, and the conductor, sticking his head out the door, said “Hurry then! Tell whoever it is to come quickly.”
“It’s me,” shouted Valli. “I’m the one who has to get on.”
(i) Where was the bus going?
(ii) Who stopped the bus?
(iii) What did the conductor say to Valli?
(iv) Pick out the word from the passage that means same as “small”.
Answer:
(i) The bus was leaving the village and going to the city.
(ii) Valli stopped the bus.
(iii) The conductor asked Valli to hurry up and come quickly.
(iv) tiny.

Question 5.
It was the slack time of day, and there were only six or seven passengers on the bus. They were all looking at Valli and laughing with the conductor. Valli was overcome with shyness. Avoiding everyone’s eyes, she walked quickly to an empty seat and sat down, “May we start now, madam?” The conductor asked, smiling. Then he blew his whistle twice, and the bus moved forward with a roar. It was a new bus, its outside painted a gleaming white with some green stripes along the sides. Inside, the overhead bars shone like silver. Directly in front of Valli, above the windshield, there was a beautiful clock. The seats were soft and luxurious. (Pages 119-120)
(i) What were the six or seven passengers doing?
(ii) Why did she avoid everyone’s eyes?
(iii) How was the outside of the bus painted?
(iv) Pick out the word from the passage that means the same as—A time when there is no much work.
Answer:
(i) The six or seven passengers were looking at Valli and laughing with the conductor.
(ii) Valli avoided everyone’s eyes because she was feeling shy.
(iii) The outside of the bus was printed white with some green stripes along the sides.
(iv) ‘Slack Time’.

Question 6.
Valli devoured everything with her eyes. But when she started to look outside, she found her view cut off by a canvas blind that covered the lower part of her window. So she stood up on the seat and peered over the blind.The bus was now going along the bank of a canal. The road was very narrow. On one side there was the canal and, beyond it, palm trees, grassland, distant mountains, and the blue, blue sky. On the other side was a deep ditch and then acres and acres of green fields—green, green, green, as far as the eye could see. (Page 120)
(i) Why did Valli stand up on her seat?
(ii) Where was she going to?
(iii) How was Valli feeling?
(iv) Pick out the word from the passage that means the same as ‘looked through’.
Answer:
(i) Valli stood up on her seat because she wanted to look outside.
(ii) She was going to the city.
(iii) Valli was feeling happy and enjoying her ride.
(iv) ‘peered’.

Question 7.
Suddenly she was startled by a voice. “Listen child,” said the voice, “you shouldn’t stand like that. Sit down.”
Sitting down, she looked to see who had spoken. It was an elderly man who had honestly been concerned for her, but she was annoyed by his attention.
“There’s nobody here who’s a child,” she said haughtily. “I’ve paid my thirty paise like everyone else.” The conductor chimed in. “Oh, sir, but this is a very grown-up madam. Do you think a mere girl could pay her own fare and travel to the city all alone?” (Pages 120-121)
(i) What did somebody say to Valli?
(ii) What did the elderly man advise the child?
(iii) What did the conductor chime in about Valli?
(iv) Pick out the word from the passage that means the same as ‘proudly’.
Answer:
(i) Somebody said to Valli that she should not stand like that and asked her to sit down.
(ii) The elderly man advised the child to sit down.
(iii) The conductor chimed in about the girl calling her as a grown-up woman.
(iv) ‘haughtily.

Question 8.
An elderly woman came and sat beside her. “Are you all alone, dear?” She asked Valli as the bus started again. Valli found the woman absolutely repulsive—such big holes she had in her ear lobes, and such ugly earrings in them! And she could smell the betel nut the woman was chewing and see the betel juice that was threatening to spill over her lips at any moment. Ugh!—who could be sociable with such a person?
(i) What did the elderly woman try do?
(ii) Why did Valli find the woman repulsive?
(iii) What did the woman ask her? .
(iv) Pick out the word from the passage that means same as—‘causing dislike’.
Answer:
(i) The elderly woman tried to befriend Valli.
(ii) Valli found the woman absolutely repulsive as she had big holes in her ear lobes and ugly earrings in them. She was also chewing betel nut.
(iii) The woman asked Valli if she was all alone.
(iv) ‘repulsive’.

Question 9.
Her first journey—what careful, painstaking, elaborate plans she had to make for it! She had thriftily saved whatever stray coins came her way, resisting every temptation to buy peppermints, toys, balloons, and the like, and finally she had saved a total of sixty paise. How difficult it had been, particularly that ’ day at the village fair, but she had resolutely stifled a strong desire to ride the merry -go-round, even though she had the money.
After she had enough money saved, her next problem was how to slip out of the house without her mother’s knowledge. (Page 122)
(i) What did Valli had to do for her first journey?
(ii) What temptations did she have to resist?
(iii) What kind of desire did she have to curb at the village fare?
(iv) Pick out the word from the passage that means the same as—‘spend money carefully’.
Answer:
(i) Valli had to make careful, painstaking and elaborate plans for her first journey.
(ii) Valli had to resist the temptation to buy peppermints, toys, balloons, etc.
(iii) Valli had to curb a strong desire to ride the merry-go-round at the village fare.
(iv) ‘thriftily’.