Prasanna

Here we are providing Online Education Circles Class 9 Extra Questions Maths Chapter 10 with Answers Solutions, Extra Questions for Class 9 Maths was designed by subject expert teachers. https://ncertmcq.com/extra-questions-for-class-9-maths/

Online Education Extra Questions for Class 9 Maths Circles with Answers Solutions

Extra Questions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 10 Circles with Solutions Answers

Circles Class 9 Extra Questions Very Short Answer Type

Circles Class 9 Extra Questions Question 1.
In the figure, O is the centre of a circle passing through points A, B, C and D and ∠ADC = 120°. Find the value of x.

Solution:
Since ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral
∠ADC + ∠ABC = 180°
[∴ opp. ∠s of a cyclic quad. are supplementary]
120° + ∠ABC = 180°
∠ABC = 180° – 120° = 60°
Now, ∠ACB = 90° [angle in a semicircle]
In rt. ∠ed ∆CB, ∠ACB = 90°
∠CAB + ∠ABC = 90°
x + 60° = 90°
x = 90° -60°
x = 30°

Class 9 Circles Extra Questions Question 2.
In the given figure, O is the centre of the circle, ∠AOB = 60° and CDB = 90°. Find ∠OBC.

Solution:
Since angle subtended at the centre by an arc is double the angle
subtended at the remaining part of the circle.
∴ ∠ACB = \(\frac{1}{3}\) ∠AOB = \(\frac{1}{3}\) x 60° = 30°
Now, in ACBD, by using angle sum property, we have
∠CBD + ∠BDC + ∠DCB = 180°
∠CBO + 90° + ∠ACB = 180°
[∵ ∠CBO = ∠CBD and ∠ACB = ∠DCB are the same ∠s]
∠CBO + 90° + 30° = 180°
∠CBO = 180o – 90° – 30° = 60°
or ∠OBC = 60°

Circles Extra Questions Class 9 Question 3.
In the given figure, O is the centre of the circle with chords AP and BP being produced to R and Q respectively. If ∠QPR = 35°, find the measure of ∠AOB.

Solution:
∠APB = ∠RPQ = 35° [vert. opp. ∠s]
Now, ∠AOB and ∠APB are angles subtended by an arc AB at centre and at the remaining part of the circle.
∴ ∠AOB = 2∠APB = 2 × 35° = 70°

Circle Class 9 Extra Questions Question 4.
In the figure, PQRS is a cyclic quadrilateral. Find the value of x.

Solution:
In ∆PRS, by using angle sum property, we have
∠PSR + ∠SRP + ∠RPS = 180°
∠PSR + 50° + 35o = 180°
∠PSR = 180° – 85o = 95°
Since PQRS is a cyclic quadrilateral
∴ ∠PSR + ∠PQR = 180°
[∵ opp. ∠s of a cyclic quad. are supplementary]
95° + x = 180°
x = 180° – 95°
x = 85°

Extra Questions Of Circles Class 9 Question 5.
In the given figure, ∠ACP = 40° and BPD = 120°, then find ∠CBD.

Solution:
∠BDP = ∠ACP = 40° [angle in same segment]
Now, in ∆BPD, we have
∠PBD + ∠BPD + ∠BDP = 180°
⇒ ∠PBD + 120° + 40° = 180°
⇒ ∠PBD = 180° – 160o = 20°
or ∠CBD = 20°

Extra Questions On Circles Class 9 Question 6.
In the given figure, if ∠BEC = 120°, ∠DCE = 25°, then find ∠BAC.

Solution:
∠BEC is exterior angle of ∆CDE.
∴ ∠CDE + ∠DCE = ∠BEC
⇒ ∠CDE + 25° = 120°
⇒ ∠CDE = 95°
Now, ∠BAC = ∠CDE [∵ angle in same segment are equal]
⇒ ∠BAC = 95°

Circles Class 9 Extra Questions Short Answer Type 1

Class 9 Maths Circles Extra Questions Question 1.
In the given figure, PQR = 100°, where P, Q and R are points on a circle with centre O. Find LOPR.

Solution:
Take any point A on the circumcircle of the circle.
Join AP and AR.
∵ APQR is a cyclic quadrilateral.
∴ ∠PAR + ∠PQR = 180° [sum of opposite angles of a cyclic quad. is 180°]
∠PAR + 100° = 180°
⇒ Since ∠POR and ∠PAR are the angles subtended by an arc PR at the centre of the circle and circumcircle of the circle.
∠POR = 2∠PAR = 2 x 80° = 160°
∴ In APOR, we have OP = OR [radii of same circle]
∠OPR = ∠ORP [angles opposite to equal sides]
Now, ∠POR + ∠OPR + ∠ORP = 180°
⇒ 160° + ∠OPR + ∠OPR = 180°
⇒ 2∠OPR = 20°
⇒ ∠OPR = 10°

Class 9 Maths Chapter 10 Extra Questions Question 2.
In figure, ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral in which AB is extended to F and BE || DC. If ∠FBE = 20° and DAB = 95°, then find ∠ADC.

Solution:
Sum of opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral is 180°
∴ ∠DAB + ∠BCD = 180°
⇒ 95° + ∠BCD = 180°
⇒ ∠BCD = 180° – 95° = 85°
∵ BE || DC
∴ ∠CBE = ∠BCD = 85°[alternate interior angles]
∴ ∠CBF = CBE + ∠FBE = 85° + 20° = 105°
Now, ∠ABC + 2CBF = 180° [linear pair]
and ∠ABC + ∠ADC = 180° [opposite angles of cyclic quad.]
Thus, ∠ABC + ∠ADC = ∠ABC + 2CBF
⇒ ∠ADC = CBF
⇒ ∠ADC = 105° [∵ CBF = 105°]

Circles Class 9 Important Questions Question 3.
If the diagonals of a cyclic quadrilateral are diameters of the circle through the opposite vertices of the quadrilateral. Prove that the quadrilateral is a rectangle.
Solution:
Here, ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral in which AC and BD are diameters.

Since AC is a diameter.
∴ ∠ABC = ∠ADC = 90°
[∵ angle of a semicircle = 90°]
Also, BD is a diameter
∴ ∠BAD = ∠BCD = 90° [∵ angle of a semicircle = 90°]
Now, all the angles of a cyclic quadrilateral ABCD are 90 each.
Hence, ABCD is a rectangle.

Circle Extra Questions Class 9 Question 4.
Equal chords of a circle subtends equal angles at the centre.

Solution:
Given : In a circle C(O, r), chord AB = chord CD
To Prove : ∠AOB = ∠COD.
Proof : In ∆AOB and ∆COD
AO = CO (radii of same circle]
BO = DO [radii of same circle]
Chord AB = Chord CD (given]
⇒ ∆AOB = ACOD [by SSS congruence axiom]
⇒ ∠AOB = COD (c.p.c.t.]

Extra Questions For Class 9 Maths Circles With Solutions Question 5.
In the figure, chord AB of circle with centre O, is produced to Csuch that BC = OB. CO is joined and produced to meet the circle in D. If ∠ACD = y and ∠AOD = x, show that x = 3y.

Solution:
In AOBC, OB = BC
⇒ ∠BOC = ∠BCO = y [angles opp. to equal sides are equal]

∠OBA is the exterior angle of ∆BOC
So, ∠ABO = 2y [ext. angle is equal to the sum of int. opp. angles]
Similarly, ∠AOD is the exterior angle of ∆AOC
∴ x = 2y + y = 3y

Questions On Circles For Class 9 Question 6.
In the given figure, P is the centre of the circle. Prove that : ∠XPZ = 2(∠X∠Y + ∠YXZ).

Solution:
Arc XY subtends ∠XPY at the centre P and ∠XZY in the remaining part of the circle.
∴ ∠XPY = 2 (∠X∠Y)
Similarly, arc YZ subtends ∠YPZ at the centre P and ∠YXZ in the remaining part of the circle.
∴ ∠YPZ = 2(∠YXZ) ….(ii)
Adding (i) and (ii), we have
∠XPY + ∠YPZ = 2 (∠XZY + ∠YXZ)
∠XP2 = 2 (∠XZY + ∠YXZ)

Circles Class 9 Extra Questions Short Answer Type 2

Circles Class 9 Extra Questions With Solutions Pdf Question 1.
In the given figure, AB and CD are two equal chords of a circle with centre O. OP and OQ are perpendiculars on chords AB and CD respectively. If ∠POQ = 120°, find ∠ APQ.

Solution: Since
AB = CD
∴ OP = OQ [∵ equal chords are equidistant from the centre]
∠OPQ = ∠OQP:
[by using isosceles triangle property, angles opp. to equal sides of a ∆]
In APOQ, by using angle sum property, we have
∠OPQ + ∠OQP + ∠POQ = 180°
⇒ ∠OPQ + ∠OPQ + 120° = 180°
⇒ 2∠0PQ = 60°
⇒ ∠OPO = 30°
Now, ∠APQ + ∠OPQ = 90°
⇒ ∠APQ + 30° = 90°
⇒ ∠APQ = 90° – 30o = 60°
Hence, ∠APQ = 60°

Class 9 Circles Extra Questions Pdf Question 2.
Two circles whose centres are O and O’ intersect at P. Through P, a line parallel to OO’, intersecting the circles at C and D is drawn as shown in the figure. Prove that CD = 2OO’.

Solution:
Draw OA ⊥ CD and O’B ⊥ CD
Now, OA ⊥ CD
OA ⊥ CP
CA = AP = \(\frac{1}{2}\)CP
CP = 2AP ….(i)

Similarly, O’B ⊥ CD
O’B ⊥ PD
⇒ PB = BD = \(\frac{1}{2}\)PD
⇒ PD = 2PB
Also, CD = CP + PD
= 2AP + 2PB = 2(AP + PB) = 2AB
CD = 2OO’ [∵ OABO’ is a rectangle]

Ch 10 Maths Class 9 Extra Questions Question 3.
ABCD is a parallelogram. The circle through A, B and C intersects (produce if necessary) at E. Prove that AE = AD.
Solution:

Given : ABCD is a parallelogram. Circle through A, B and C intersects CD produced in E.
To Prove: AE = AD
Proof : ABCE is a cyclic quadrilateral.
∴ ∠B + ∠E = 180° …(i)
ABCD is a parallelogram.
∴ ∠B = ∠1 … (ii)
Also, ∠1 + ∠2 = 180° [linear pair]
∠B + ∠2 = 180° …(iii) [using (ii)]
Now, from (i) and (iii), we have
∠B + ∠E = ∠B + ∠2
∠E = ∠2 In ∆DE, we have
∠E = ∠2
⇒ AD = AE [side opposite to equal angles of a A]

Circles Class 9 Questions With Solutions Question 4.
If two equal chords of a circle intersect within a circle, prove that the line segment joining the point of intersection to the centre makes equal angles with the chords.
Solution:

Join OP, draw OL ⊥ AB and OM ⊥ CD.
Thus, L and M are the mid-points of AB and CD respectively. Also, equal chords are equidistant from the centre.
∴ OL = OM
Now, in right-angled As OLP and OMP
OL = OM
OP = OP [common]
∠OLP = ∠OMP [each = 90°]
So, by RHS congruence axiom, we have
∆OLP ≅ ∆OMP
Hence, ∠OPL = ∠OPM [c.p.c.t.]

Class 9 Maths Ch 10 Extra Questions Question 5.
If two circles intersect in two points, prove that the line through their centres is the perpendicular bisector of the common chord.
Solution:

Given : Two circles Clo, r) and C(O’, s)intersect at P and Q.
To Prove : OO’ is perpendicular bisector of the chord PQ.
Const. : Join OP, OQ, O’P and O’Q
Proof : In ∆OPO’ and ∆OQO’
OP = OQ [radii of same circle]
OᏢ = QQ [radii of same circle]
OO’ = OO [common]
⇒ ∆OPO’ ≅ ∆OQO’ [by SSS congruence axiom]
⇒ ∠POM = ∠QOM [c.p.c.t.]
Now, in ∆POM and ∆QOM
OP = OQ
(radii of same circle]
∠POM = ∠OOM [proved above]
OM = OM [common]
∆POM ≅ ∆QOM [by SAS congruence axiom]
PM = QM and ∠PMO = ∠QMO [c.p.c.t.]
Also, ∠PMO+ ∠QMO = 180° [linear pair]
⇒ ∠PMO = ∠QMO = 90°
Hence, OO’ is the perpendicular bisector of the chord PQ.

Circles Class 9 Extra Questions Long Answer Type

Question 1.
In the given figure, O is the centre of a circle of radius r сm, OP and OQ are perpendiculars to AB and CD respectively and PQ = 1cm. If AB || CD, AB = 6cm and CD = 8cm, determine r.

Solution:
Since the perpendicular drawn from the centre of the circle to a chord bisects the chord. Therefore, P and Q are mid-points of AB and CD respectively.
Consequently, AP = BP = \(\frac{1}{2}\)AB = 3 cm
and CQ = QD = \(\frac{1}{2}\)CD = 4 cm
In right-angled AQAP, we have
OA² = OP² + AP²
r² = OP² + 3²
r² = OP² + 9
In right-angled ∆OCQ, we have
OC² = OQ² + CQ²
r² = OQ² + 4²
p² = OQ² + 16 … (ii)
From (i) and (ii), we have
OP² + 9 = OQ² + 16
OP² – OQ² = 16 – 9
x² – (x – 1)² = 16 -9 [where OP = x and PQ = 1 cm given]
x² – y² – 1 + 2x = 7
2x = 7 + 1
x = 4
⇒ OP = 4 cm
From (i), we have
r² = (4)² + 9
r² = 16 + 9 = 25
r = 5 cm

Question 2.
In a circle of radius 5 cm, AB and AC are two chords such that AB = AC = 6 cm, as shown in the figure. Find the length of the chord BC.

Solution:
Here, OA = OB = 5 cm [radii]
AB = AC = 6 cm
∴ B and C are equidistant from A.
∴ AO is the perpendicular bisector of chord BC and it intersect BC in M.
Now, in rt. ∠ed ∆AMB, M = 90° ….(i)
∴ By using Pythagoras Theorem, we have
BM² = AB² – AM²
= 36 – AM²
Also, in rt. ∠ed ∆BMO, ∠M = 90°
∴ By using Pythagoras Theorem, we have
BM² = BO² – MO² = 25 – (AO – AM)²
From (i) and (ii), we obtain
25 – (AO – AM)² = 36 – AM\(\frac{1}{2}\)
25 – AOC – AM² + 240 × AM = 36 – AM\(\frac{1}{2}\)
25 – 25 + 2 × 5 × AM = 36
10 AM = 36
AM = 3.6 cm
From (i), we have
BM² = 36 – (3.6)² = 36 – 12.96 = 23.04
BM = √23.04 = 4.8 cm
Thus, BC = 2 × BM
= 2 × 4.8 = 9.6 cm
Hence, the length of the chord BC is 9.6 cm.

Question 3.
In the given figure, AC is a diameter of the circle with centre O. Chord BD is perpendicular to AC. Write down the measures of angles a, b, c and d in terms of x.

Solution:
Here, AC is a diameter of the circle.
∴ ∠ADC = 90°
⇒ ∠a + ∠d = 90°
In right-angled ∆AED, ∠E = 90°
∴ ∠a + 2b = 90°
From (i) and (ii), we obtain
∠b = ∠d ….(iii)
Also, ∠a = ∠c … (iv)
[∠s subtended by the same segment are equal]
Now, ∠AOB and ∠ADB are angles subtended by an arc AB at the centre and at the remaining part of the circle.

Question 4.
Show that the quadrilateral formed by angle bisectors of a cyclic quadrilateral is also cyclic.

Solution:
Given : A cyclic quadrilateral ABCD in which AP, BP, CR and DR are the angle bisectors of ∠A, ∠B, 2C and ∠D respectively such that a quadrilateral PQRS is formed. To Prove: PQRS is a cyclic quadrilateral.
Proof : Since ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral.
∴ ∠A + 2C = 180° and ∠B + ∠D = 180°
Also, AP, BP, CR and DR are the angle bisectors of ∠A, ∠B, ∠C and ∠D respectively.

or ∠1 + ∠3 = 90°
and ∠2 + ∠4 = 90°
Now, in ∆APB, by angle sum property of a ∆
∠1 + ∠2 + ∠P = 180° … (iii)
Again, in ∆CRD, by angle sum property of a ∆
∠3 + ∠4 + ∠R = 180° …(iv)
Adding (iii) and (iv), we have
∠1 + ∠2 + ∠3 + ∠4 + ∠P + ∠R = 180° + 180°
90° + 90° + ∠P + ∠R = 360° [using (ii)]
∠P + ∠R= 360° – 180° = 180°
i.e., the sum of one pair of the opposite angles of quadrilateral PQRS is 180°.
Hence, the quadrilateral PQRS is a cyclic quadrilateral.

Circles Class 9 Extra Questions HOTS

Question 1.
PQ and PR are the two chords of a circle of radius r. If the perpendiculars drawn from the centre of the circle to these chords are of lengths a and b, PQ = 2PR, then prove that:
\(b^{2}=\frac{a^{2}}{4}+\frac{3}{4} r^{2}\)
Solution:
In circle Clo, r), PQ and PR are two chords, draw OM I PQ, OL I PR, such that OM = a
and OL = b. Join OP. Since the perpendicular from the centre of the circle to the chord of the circle, bisects the chord.

Question 2.
Bisectors of angles A, B and C of triangle ABC intersect its circumcircle at D, E and F respectively. Prove that the angles of the ∠DEF are 90° – \(\frac{\angle A}{2}\), 90° – \(\frac{\angle B}{2}\) and 90° – \(\frac{\angle C}{2}\) respectively.
Solution:

Let ∠BAD = x, ∠ABE = y
and ∠ACF = 2, then
∠CAD = x, ∠CBE = y
and ∠BCF = 2 [AD, BE and CF is bisector of ∠A, ∠B and ∠C]
In ∆BC,
∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180°
⇒ 2x + 2y + 2Z = 180°
or x + y + Z = 90° …(i)
Now, ∠ADE = ∠ABE
and ∠ADF = ∠ACF [angles in the same segment of a circle]
⇒ ∠ADE = y and ∠ADF = Z
⇒ ∠ADE + ∠ADF = y + Z
or ∠D = y + Z …(ii)
From (i) and (ii), we have
x + 2D = 90°
⇒ ∠D = 90° – x

Circles Class 9 Extra Questions Value Based (VBQs)

Question 1.
A small cottage industry employing people from a nearby slum area prepares round table cloths having six equal designs in the six segment formed by equal chords AB, BC, CD, DE, EF and FA. If O is the centre of round table cloth (see figure). Find ∠AOB, ∠AEB and ∠AFB. What value is depicted through this question ?

Solution:
Since six equal designs in the six segment formed by equal chords AB, BC, CD, DE, EF and FA.
Therefore, we have six equilateral triangles as shown in the figure. Since ∆AOB, ∆BOC, ∆COD, ∆DOE, ∆EOF
∴ Each angle is equal to 60°.

∠AOB = 60°
∠AOB, ∠AEB and ∠AFB are angles subtended by an arc AB at the FK centre and at the remaining part of the circle.
∴ ∠AEB = ∠AFB = \(\frac{1}{2}\) ∠AOB = \(\frac{1}{2}\) × 60° = 30°
Thus, ∠AEB = ∠AFB = 30°
Value depicted : By employing people from a slum area to prepare round table clothes reali∠e their social responsibility to work for helping the ones in need.

Question 2.
A circular park of radius 10 m is situated in a colony. Three students Ashok, Raman and Kanaihya are standing at equal distances on its circumference each having a toy telephone in his hands to talk each other about Honesty, Peace and Discipline.
(i) Find the length of the string of each phone.
(ii) Write the role of discipline in students’ life.
Solution:
(i) Let us assume A, B and C be the positions of three students Ashok, Raman and Kanaihya
respectively on the circumference of the circular park with centre O and radius 10 m. Since the centre of circle coincides with the centroid of the equilateral ∆ABC.

Thus, the length of each string is 10√3 m.
(ii) In students’ life, discipline is necessary. It motivates as well as nurture the students to make him a responsible citizen.

In Online Education Today, extensive reading is required in each and every field. Be it school, research or work, we are often bombarded with a variety of information. It often becomes difficult to recall all the important ideas we may have read.

This grammar section explains English Grammar in a clear and simple way. There are example sentences to show how the language is used. NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English will help you to write better answers in your Class 12 exams. Because the Solutions are solved by subject matter experts. https://ncertmcq.com/ncert-solutions-for-class-12-english/

Online Education for Note Making Class 12 Format, Examples

Note Making Class 12

Note-making is a means to capture the key ideas of a given passage in an easily readable, logically-structured format. The main purpose of ‘key to abbreviations’ is to facilitate understanding for the other readers too. Thus, note-making can be a wonderful tool to take notes in class, share notes with each other and even revise for an exam.

♦ Tips to prepare for note-making and summary

• Prepare notes using phrases only and never use complete sentences.
• The topic of each paragraph is the main point/the central theme, and the ideas affiliated to it are the sub-points – one or more depending on the concepts in the paragraph.
• Sub-points should be limited to five.
• Each sub-point may or may not have supplementary ideas which become sub-subpoints. Do not give examples to support the main ideas.
• Proper indentation is essential.
• Provide an appropriate title for the notes and the summary.
• Include a minimum of 4 to 6 distinctly different, recognisable short forms (only necessary) of the longer words (abbreviations) in the notes. You may also use symbols and figures for abbreviation.
• Underline all short forms. Provide the key for the short forms at the end of the notes titled ‘Key to Abbreviations’.
• Cover all the important points in the passage while preparing the notes.
• Identify and club similar ideas scattered in different paragraphs/areas of the passage before subtitling paragraph wise to make notes short and precise.
• Using all the important points in the notes, prepare a cohesive and coherent summary in about 80 words.
• In the summary, use third person indirect speech and the past tense, wherever possible.
• Write the summary in complete sentences in a paragraph. Remember to be short and brief. Give an appropriate title to the summary.

Note Making Examples Class 12 Pdf

♦ Mechanics of Note-Making:

(a) Use of Abbreviations:

• Capitalized words: UNO, CBSE, NCERT, etc.
• Arithmetic symbols: (><, \, kg, %, etc.)
• Commonly used: (in newspapers, magazines, etc.) (sc., govt., Eng., Sans.)
• Invented: First and last few letters of the words with a dot at the end (edul, poln., popn. mfg.).

Note Making Examples Class 12

(b) Proper Indentation Notes:

Note Making Class 12 1. Sub-Heading

• (Point)
• (Point)
• (Point).
  • (i) (Sub-point)
  • (ii) (Sub-point)

Note Making Examples Class 12 2. Sub-Heading

Note Making Questions With Solutions Class 12

(b)

♦ Solved Passages:

Note Making Format Class 12

Note Making Examples Class 12 Pdf 

Read the following passage carefully. (8 marks)

1. The small village of Somnathpur contains an extraordinary temple, built around 1268 A.D. by the Hoyasalas of Karnataka – one of the most prolific temple-builders. Belur and Halebid are among their better-known works. While these suffered during the invasions of the 14th century, the Somnathpur temple stands more or less intact in near-original condition.

2. This small temple captivates the beauty and vitality of its detailed sculpture, covering almost every inch of the walls, pillars and even ceilings. It has three shikharas and stands on a star-shaped, raised platform with 24 edges. The outer walls have a profusion of detailed carvings: the entire surface run over by carved plaques of stone. There were vertical panels covered by exquisite figures of Gods and Goddesses with many incarnations being depicted.

3. There were nymphs too, some carrying an ear of maize a symbol of plenty and prosperity. The elaborate ornamentation, the very characteristic of Hoyasala sculptures, was a remarkable feature. On closer look and it is worth it – the series of friezes on the outer walls revealed intricately carved caparisoned (covered decorative cloth) elephants, charging horsemen, stylised flowers, warriors, musicians, crocodiles, and swans. The temple was actually commissioned by Soma Dandanayaka or Somnath (he named the village after himself), the minister of the Hoysala king, Narasimha, the third. The temple was built to house three versions of Krishna.

4. The inner centre of the temple was the kalyana mandapa. Leading from here were three corridors each ending in a shrine, one for each kind of Krishna – Venugopala, Janardana and Prasanna Keshava, though only two remain in their original form. In the darkness of the sanctum sanctorum, I tried to discern the different images. The temple’s sculptural perfection is amazing and it includes the doors of the temple and the three elegantly carved towers.

(a) On the basis of your reading of the passage, make notes on it using headings and
sub-headings. Use recognisable abbreviations, wherever necessary. Give the passage a suitable title. (4 marks)
(b) Write a summary of the notes prepared, in not more than 80 words. (4 marks)

Answer:
(a) Notes:

1. Heading – The village temple

1.1 Built in the Village of Somnathpur
1.2 1268 AD – by Hoyasalas
1.3 Most prolific bldrs
1.4 Stands intact even now

2. Temple: the beauty and vitality

2.1 Detailed sculpture – covering walls, pillars, ceilings
2.1.1 series of friezes on outer walls
2.1.2 intricately carved elephants
2.1.3 charging horsemen
2.1.4 stylised flowers
2.1.5 warriors, musicians, crocodile and swans
2.2 Three shikharas – stands shaped, raised platform – 24 edges
2.3 The outer walls – detailed carvings
2.4 The entire surface – carved plaques of stone
2.5 Vertical panels covered by exq. fig.

3. Representation of Hinduism

3.1 Incarnations
3.2 Many deities

4. Temple in the History

4.1 Comsnd. Soma Dandanayaka or Somnath
4.2 The inner centre of the temple – kalyana mandapa
4.3 Three corridors ending in a shrine

Note Making Examples For Class 12

(b) Summary: Temple of Somnathpur

The small village of Somnathpur contains an extraordinary temple, built around 1268 A.D. The temple stands more or less in tact in near original condition even now. The temple of Somnathpur is extraordinary due to the sculptures on the walls, pillars, and even the ceiling which is covered by exquisite figures of Gods and Goddesses. It is a representation of Hinduism with its many incarnations and deities. The temple commissioned by Somnath has a ‘kalyana mandapa’ with three corridors ending in a shrine.

Note Making Class 12 Examples

Note Making Questions With Solutions Class 12 

II. Read the following passage carefully. (8 marks)

1. It’s 10 p.m. and the research paper is due the next morning. Sam types frantically. Two weeks ago, it seemed that there was plenty of time to get the paper done. Last week, the final of a soccer match on TV made it hard to study. Now, it’s crunch time. Looking at the clock, Sam wonders, “Why do I keep doing this to myself? Why haven’t I learned not to put things off until the last minute?”

2. The word procrastination comes from the Latin term ‘Procrastinatus’. It means to put forward until tomorrow. Standard dictionary definitions all include the idea of postponement or delay. Steel, a psychologist who has reviewed hundreds of studies on the subject, states that to procrastinate is “to voluntarily delay an intended course of action despite expecting to be worse-off for the delay”.

3. Another expert, Dr Joseph R. Ferrari (2005) distinguishes between people who tend to put things off and “chronic” or “real” procrastinators for whom this is their life and who might even need therapy. Ferrari categorises procrastinators into three types: (a) stimulation types that get a thrill from beating a deadline, (b) avoiders put off doing things that might make others think badly of them, and (c) decisional procrastinators postpone making a decision until they have enough information to avoid making a wrong choice.

4. Chronic procrastinators tend to have a low self-esteem and focus on the past more than the future. The Discounted Expectancy Theory illustrates with a student like Sam who puts off writing a paper. When the deadline is far off, the rewards for socialising now are greater than those for finishing a task not due until later. As the deadline looms, the rewards or consequences for finishing the paper become more important.

5. Tice and Baumeister (1997) found that procrastinators on the average got lower grades and had higher levels of stress and illness. Chu and Choi (2005) however, say that not all procrastinators are lazy and undisciplined. “Passive procrastinators” are more stressed, and less efficient. “Active procrastinators prefer to work under pressure” and “if something unexpectedly comes up, they will knowingly switch gears and engage in new tasks they perceive as more urgent.”

(a) On the basis of your reading of the passage, make notes on it, using headings and sub-headings. Use recognizable abbreviations, wherever necessary. Give the passage a suitable title. (4 marks)
(b) Write a summary of the notes prepared, in not more than 80 words. (4 marks)

Answer:
(a) Notes:

1. Introtn of proctn

1.1 Origin – Latin
1.2 Meaning – Put fwd till tomorrow – Idea of postponement or delay
1.3 Steel (psychologist) – voluntary delay – despite expecting to be worse-off

2. Categortn

2.1 Dr Joseph R. Ferrari
2.1.1 Simtn types – thrill from beating a deadline
2.1.2 Avoiders – avoid things that make others think badly of them
2.1.3 Decisional – postpone making a decsn (until enough information)
2.1.4 Real procs – way of life (might need therapy)
2.1.5 Chronic procs
2.1.5.1 Low self-esteem
2.1.5.2 Focus on past
2.2 Tice and Baumeister
2.2.1 Procs got lower grades
2.2.2 Higher levels of stress and illness

2.3 Chu and Choi

2.3.1 Passive procs – stressed, less efficient
2.3.2 Active procs – prefer to work under pressure, knowingly engage in new tasks (more urgent)

Note Making Class 12 English Solved Examples

♦ Key to Abbreviations:

1. Introtn – Introduction
2. Fwd – Forward
3. Categortn – Categorisation
4. Simtn – Simulation
5. Decsn – Decision
6. Procs – Procrastinators
7. Proctn – Procrastination

Note Making For Class 12

(b) Summary: Procrastination

Latin-origin procrastination is the idea of postponement. A psychologist, Steel, says it is a voluntary delay. Dr Joseph R. Ferrari categorises procrastinators into five types: ‘Simulation types feel thrilled’, ‘Avoiders’ fear criticism, ‘Decisions’ wait for information, ‘Reals’ find it natural and might need therapy while ‘Chronic’ ones have low self-esteem and focus on past. Tice and Baumeister say procrastinators get low grades and have high stress and illness. Chu and Choi clarify that passive procrastinators are stressed and less efficient while active procrastinators prioritise.

Note Making Examples Class 12 State Board

Note Making Passages For Class 12 With Answers

III. Read the following passage carefully. (8 marks)

1. People tend to amass possessions, sometimes without being aware of doing so. Indeed they can have a delightful surprise when they find something useful which they did not know they owned. Those who never have to change house become indiscriminate collectors of what can only be described as clutter. They leave unwanted objects in drawers, cupboards and attics for years, in the belief that they may one day need just those very things. As they grow old, people also accumulate belongings for two other reasons, lack of physical and mental energy, both of which are essential in turning out and throwing away, and sentiment. Things owned for a long time are full of associations with the past, perhaps with relatives who are dead, and so they gradually acquire a value beyond their true worth.

2. Some things are collected deliberately in the home in an attempt to avoid waste. Among these I would list string and brown paper, kept by thrifty people when a parcel has been opened, to save buying these two requisites. Collecting small items can easily become a mania. I know someone who always cuts out from newspaper sketches of model clothes that she would like to buy, if she had the money. As she is not rich, the chances that she will ever be able to afford such purchases are remote; but she is never sufficiently strong-minded to be able to stop the practice. It is a harmless habit, but it litters up her desk to such an extent that every time she opens it, loose bits of paper fall out in every direction.

3. Collecting as a serious hobby is quite different and has many advantages. It provides relaxation for leisure hours, as just looking at one’s treasures is always a joy. One does not have to go outside for amusement, since the collection is housed at home. Whatever it consists of, stamps, records, first edition of books, china glass, antique furniture, pictures, model cars, stuffed birds, toy animals, there is always something to do in connection with it, from finding the right place for the latest addition to verifying facts in reference books. This hobby educates one not only in the chosen subject but also in general matters which have some bearing on it.

There are also other benefits. One wants to meet like-minded collectors, to get advice, to compare notes, to exchange articles, to show off the latest findings. So one’s circle of friends grows. Soon the hobby leads to travel, perhaps to a meeting in another town, possibly a trip abroad in search of a rare specimen, for collectors are not confined to any one country. Over the years, one may well become an authority on one’s hobby and will very probably be asked to give informal talks to little gatherings and then if successful, to large audiences. In this way, self-confidence grows, first from mastering a subject, then from being able to talk about it. Collecting, by occupying spare time so contented, with no time for boredom.

(a) On the basis of your reading of the passage, make notes on it, using headings and sub-headings. Use recognizable abbreviations, wherever necessary. Give the passage a suitable title. (4 marks)
(b) Write a summary of the notes prepared, in not more than 80 words. (4 marks)

Answer:
(a) Notes:

1. Amassing possessions

1.1 indiscr. collectors
1.2 causes cluster
1.3 unwanted object not disposed
1.4 assoc, with past
1.5 mntl & physical stngth

2. Deliberate collections

2.1 avoid wastage
2.2 collection becomes mania
2.3 harmless habit

3. Collection – hobby

3.1 provides relaxt’n
3.2 edn. & knowledge
3.3 a surge in friend circle
3.4 self-confidence & contentment

♦ Key to Abbreviations:

1. indiscr. – indiscriminate
2. assoc – association
3. mntl – mental
4. stngth – strength
5. relaxt’n – relaxation
6. edn. – education
7. & – and

(b) Summary: Collection of Things

Amassing possessions is a mania with many people. We can find indiscriminate collectors who collect unwanted objects. Old people collect things due to lack of strength and it shows their long association. People collect things deliberately to avoid wastage. Though it is a harmless habit, yet collection may be done by weak-minded men also. Collecting can be used as a hobby. It provides relaxation and has educative value. It helps in increasing our circle of friends. It creates self-confidence and contentment.

Note Making 12th Class English

Note Making Format Class 12

IV. Read the following passage carefully. (8 marks)

1. It’s a headache having a headache. Almost all of us have suffered from a headache at some time or the other. For some, a headache is a constant companion and life can be a painful hell of wasted time.

2. The most important step to cope with headaches is to identify the type of headache one is suffering from. Intension headache (two-handed headache), feeling of a tight band around the head exists along with pain in the neck and shoulders. It usually follows activities such as long stretches of driving, typing or sitting on the desk. It is usually short-timed, but can also last for days or weeks.

3. A headache is usually caused due to spinal misalignment of the head, due to poor posture. Sleeping on the stomach with the head turned to one side and bending over the position for a long time make it worse.

4. In migraine headache (one-handed headache), the pain is usually on one side of the head and may be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, irritability and bright spots or Hashes of light. This headache is made worse by activity, especially bending. The throbbing pain in the head gets worse by noise and light. Certain triggers for migraines maybe chocolate, smoking, too little sleep or too much of sleep, hunger, etc. The pain may last from 8 to 24 hours and there may be a hangover for two-three days.

5. Migraine is often caused by an “aura”- changes in sight and sensation. There is usually a family history of migraine.

6. In a headache, the pain originates not from the brain but from irritated nerves of muscles, blood vessels and bones. These send pain signals to the brain, which
then judges the degree of distress and relays it to appropriate sites. The pain may sometimes be referred to sites other than the problem areas. This is known as referred pain and occurs due to sensation overload. Thus, though most headaches start at the base of the skull, the referred pain is felt typically behind the eyes.

7. Factors causing headaches are not fully understood but it is known that a shift in the level of body hormones and chemicals, certain food and drinks, and environmental stress can trigger them.

8. If headache troubles you often, visit the doctor who will take a full health history relating to diet, lifestyle, stresses, the type of headache, triggering factors and relief measures. You may be asked to keep a “headache diary” which tells you to list the time the headache started, wThen it ended, emotional, environmental, and food and drink factors which may have contributed to it. The type and severity of pain and the medications used which provided most relief, are also to be listed.

9. This helps the doctor in determining the exact cause and type of headache and the type of drugs to use. Apart from this, a physical examination is done to rule out any serious underlying cause. The blood pressure is recorded, vision tested and muscle coordination of the eyes is checked to rule out these as causes. A blood test may be done to rule out anemia, diabetes and thyroid disease. If any of the above is abnormal or otherwise, a CT Scan or MRI may be done to see tissues and structures around the brain. These will rule out causes such as tumours, hemorrhage, and infection of the brain. This examination gives a clear picture of the problem to the doctor.

10. Immediate relief can be obtained by certain medications and a few simple self-care techniques. Using ice against the pain ‘site’, covering eyes with dark glasses, drinking plenty of fluids and lying down in a dark and quiet room, provide relief in a migraine attack. Painkillers like aspirin, ibuprofen and acetaminophen can be taken and provide relief in different proportions. These should be used with caution and under medical supervision as all of them can cause many side effects if used for long periods and in large quantities. An anti-emetic like perinorm can help nausea associated with a migraine.

(a) On the basis of reading the passage, make notes on it, using headings and sub-headings. Also use recognizable abbreviations, wherever necessary. Give the passage a suitable title to it. (4 marks)
(b) Write a summary of the notes prepared, in not more than 80 words. (4 marks)

Answer:
(a) Notes:

1. Types of H-ache

1.1 tension headache-pain in neck & shoulders
1.2 migraine headache-one-sided irritation in head

2. Symptoms and causes

2.1 driving
2.2 long hours of sitting, typg or desk-work
2.3 genetic or food-oriented
2.4 hormonal imbalance
2.5 uneasy posture while sleep’g
2.6 stress and overburden on head

3. Cure & Tremt.

3.1 self-care of ice-pac
3.2 intake of maxm. fluid
3.3 allopathy painkillers
3.4 doctor’s advice-regular visits

♦ Key to Abbreviations:

1. h-ache – headache
2. typ’g – typing
3. sleep’g – sleeping
4. tremt. – treatment
5. maxm. – maximum

(b) Summary: Headache-A Common Disorder

Headache is a very common disease in modern age. It is caused due to bodily posture, long hours of sitting and working on the desk, driving continuously and hormonal imbalance in our body. Often stress and uneasy posture of sleeping may cause severe headache. It must be cured with doctor’s advice, by taking painkillers and self-medication, ice-packs on the head, maximum intake of fluid, etc. After a certain age, one should get a regular physical check-up done to identify the kind of headache.

Class 12 Note Making

Note Making Examples For Class 12

V. Read the following passage carefully. (8 marks)

1. The topic of thought is one area of psychology and many observers have considered this aspect in connection with robots and computers; some of the old worries about artificial intelligence were closely linked to the question of whether computers could think. The first massive electronic computers capable of rapid computation and little or no creative activity were soon dubbed ‘electronic brains’.

A reaction to this terminology quickly followed. To put them in their place, computers were called ‘high-speed idiots’, an effort to protect human vanity. But not everyone realised the implications of high-speed idiot tag. It has not been pointed out often enough that even the human idiot is one of the most intelligent life forms on earth. If the early computers were even that intelligent, it was a remarkable state of affairs.

2. One consequence of speculation about the possibility of computer thought was that we were forced to examine with new care the idea of thought in general. It soon becomes clear that we were not sure what we meant by such terms as ‘thought’ and ‘thinking’. We tend to assume that human beings think, some more than others, though we often call people thoughtless or thinking. Dreams cause a problem, partly because they usually happen outside our control. They are obviously some type of mental experiences, but are they a type of thinking? And the question of non-human life forms adds further problems.

Many of us would maintain that some of higher animals-dogs, cats, apes and so on-are capable of at least basic thought, but what about fish and insects? It is certainly true that the higher mammals show complex brain activity, when tested with the appropriate equipment. And what is true of thought is also true of many other mental processes. One of the immense benefits of artificial intelligence research is that we are being forced to scrutinise with new vigour and the working of human mind.

3. It is already clear that machines have superior mental abilities to many life forms. No fern or oak trees can play chess as well as even the simplest digital computer nor can frogs weld car bodies as well as robots. The three-fingered mechanical manipulator is cleverer in some ways than the three-toed sloth. It seems that, viewed in terms of intellect, the computer should be set well above plants and most animals. Only the higher animals can, it seems, compete with computers with regard to intellect-and even with the diminishing success (Examples of this are in the games of backgammon and chess). Some of the world’s best players are now computers.

(a) On the basis of your reading of the passage, make notes on it, using headings and sub-headings. Also use recognisable abbreviations, wherever necessary. Give the passage a suitable title to it. (4 marks)
(b) Write a summary of the notes prepared, in not more than 80 words. (4 marks)

Answer:
(a) Notes:

1. Psychology

1.1 topic of thought
1.2 conctn to robots & compts
1.3 artificial int.
1.4 can they think?

2. First elec, compts.

2.1 called elecn. brains
2.2 human vanity
2.3 (to put in place) called h.s. idiots

3. The meaning of thought w.r.t.

3.1 lower animals
3.2 higher animals
3.3 machines

4. Machines sup. in int. to many life forms

4.1 fern, or oak trees can’t play chess; compts. can
4.2 frogs can’t weld; robots can
4.3 only higher forms of life can compete for that too, to a limited degree

♦ Key to Abbreviations

1. conctn – connection
2. & – and
3. int. – intelligence
4. compts. – computers
5. elecn. – electronic
6. h.s. – high-speed
7. w.r.t. – with respect to
8. sup. – superior

(b) Summary: Computers as Thinkers

This topic of thought is an area of psychology. It is concerned with the old worries about artificial intelligence, and the thinking ability of computers. There has been a lot of controversy about whether computers and robots could be called intelligent things or as things having brains. They can work far better than the lower forms of life that are supposed to have some intelligence. Only the higher forms of life can compete with computers and that too, to a limited degree.

♦ Unsolved Passages:

Note Making Passage For Class 12 With Answers

I. Read the following passage carefully. (8 marks)

1. Make In India is a new national program designed to transform India into a global manufacturing hub. It contains a range of proposals designed to urge companies – local and foreign – to invest in India and make the country a manufacturing powerhouse.

2. The focus of Make In India programme is on creating jobs and skill enhancement in 25 sectors. These include automobiles, aviation, chemicals, IT & BPM, pharmaceuticals, construction, defence manufacturing, electrical machinery, food processing, textiles and garments, ports, leather, media and entertainment, wellness, mining, tourism and hospitality, railways, automobile components, renewable energy, mining, biotechnology, space, thermal power, roads and highways, and electronics systems.

3. The Make In India logo is derived from India’s national emblem. The wheel denotes the peaceful progress and dynamism – a sign from India’s enlightened past, pointing the way to a vibrant future. The prowling lion stands for strength, courage, determination and wisdom – values that are every bit as Indian today as they have ever been.

4. Global investors have been quite severe in their criticism about complex rules and bureaucratic red tape that delay investment decisions. India ranks 134 out of 189 countries in the World Bank’s ease of doing business index in 2014. As part of the Make In India initiative, foreign investment caps in construction will be eased to enable greater participation in the NDA government’s 100 smart cities project and affordable housing. The initiative will also target top companies across sectors in identified countries.

Major highlights of the Make In India plans are as follows:

• Invest India cell: An investor facilitation cell set up by the government will act as the first reference point for guiding foreign investors on all aspects of regulatory and policy issues and to assist them in obtaining regulatory clearances.
• Consolidated services and faster security clearances-. All central government services are being integrated with an e-Biz single window online portal, while states have been advised to introduce self-certification.
• Dedicated portal for business queries: A dedicated cell has been created to answer queries from business entities through a newly created web portal (http:// www.makeinindia.com). The back-end support team of the cell would answer specific queries within 72 hours.
• Interactions with the users/visitors: A pro-active approach will be deployed to track visitors for their geographical location, interest and real time user behaviour. Subsequent visits will be customised for the visitor based on the information collected.
• Easing policies and laws: A vast number of defence items have been de-licensed and the validity of industrial license has been extended to three years.

5. With a view to provide flexibility in working hours and increased intake of apprentices for job training, the government plans to introduce a single labour law for small industries by December. An advisory has been sent to all departments/ state governments to simplify and rationalise the regulatory environment (which includes online filing of all returns in a unified form).

6. Narendra Modi stated the reason and motive to launch Make In India very clearly, It is important for the purchasing power of a common man to increase, as this would further boost demand, and hence spur development, in addition to benefiting investors. The faster people are pulled out of poverty and brought into the middle class, the more opportunity will be there for global business. Therefore, investors from abroad need to create jobs. Cost-effective manufacturing and a handsome buyer – one who has purchasing power – are both required. More employment means more purchasing power.

7. Modi had felt a mood of gloom among India’s business community in the last few years, due to lack of clarity on policy issues. He said, “Trust is essential for investors to feel secure. Let us begin with trust; if there is an issue, Government can intervene. Trust, too, can be a transformative force. Development and growth-oriented employment is the government’s responsibility.” To the expression “Look East,” Modi added “Link West”, emphasising on the necessity of a global vision. Referring to his vision of wastewater management and solid waste management in 500 towns across India through public-private partnership, he said that Mission Swachh Bharat and “waste to wealth” could lead to good revenue models for business as well.

(a) On the basis of your reading of the passage, make notes on it, using headings and sub-headings. Use recognisable abbreviations, wherever necessary. Give the passage a suitable title. (4 marks)
(b) Write a summary of the notes prepared, in not more than 80 words. (4 marks)

II. Read the following passage carefully. (8 marks)

1. A scholar is refused admission to a good school primarily because of his weak interactive skills. It is indeed pathetic that though English is spoken fluently and used every day, yet none is satisfied with their abilities. A learner feels that he cannot express himself the way he wants to. And he fails miserably to connect with his own hidden power.

2. The education system, in its endeavours to make Curriculum relevant and life-oriented has, as a matter of fact, fallen short of its standards. It is oblivious of the fact that the most applied and practical subject-English: is devoid of practical afflatus. English is at cross roads. Both aspects of education: the cultural that empowers a learner to grow and the production aspect that makes him do things, is relegated to the background curriculum, thus stands lopsided. It fails to provide full range of services and cannot tap teachers’ expertise. No proper moves and strategies have been formulated to make it unique. English courses are mushrooming and alluring advertisements clip are often spotted.

3. With the onset of the new millennium, demands of the Educational System to sensitise itself to changing societal needs has also increased manifold. The new race of human beings has to be served New Curriculum that caters to the Unity of Thought, Action & Deed, and help evolve an integrated human personality. A Comprehensive Curriculum alone can enhance their understanding of four basic skills.

4. Acquiring the skill of English is no Catwalk. And English is no Science where results are verified; but it means Construction; ingenuity at work. The Architecture that it builds can never be complete, if it is divorced from learning by doing.

5. There are a number of Projects like Phonetics, News reading, Indian literature, poetry-composition, interview skills, biography-launch, etc. which can help a pupil to experiment till he finds a medium that helps free flow of thoughts, to think critically and creatively, and emerge as literary competent. As long as there is proper feeding, English will live in their hearts and reign in their minds. Sooner or later, they will be blessed with a marathon for actionable learning that shall make a multidimensional impact on them. “Within the enclosure (pupils) lies the potential for a new beginning And within this exciting beginning lies an astonishing future for him.”

6. English cannot be conferred so easily and so soon. We need to take control of English. There is a grave need to designate English, without the slightest hesitation, a practical status if at all, we want a remarkable future. The lack of efforts in learning English and the general feeling of not being interested in learning, the English language that are plaguing the system should be urgently addressed. Should not we all battle against this abuse?

(a) On the basis of your reading of the passage, make notes on it, using headings and sub-headings. Use recognisable abbreviations, wherever necessary. Give the passage a suitable title. (4 marks)
(b) Write a summary of the notes prepared, in not more than 80 words. (4 marks)

III. Read the following passage carefully. (8 marks)

1. Chocolate – there’s nothing quite like it, is there? Chocolate is simply delicious. What is chocolate? Where does it come from? Christopher Columbus was probably the first to take cocoa beans from the New World to Europe in around 1502. But the history of chocolate goes back at least 4,000 years! The Aztecs, who lived in America, thought that their bitter cocoa drink was a divine gift from heaven. In fact, scientist Carolus Linnaeus named the plant Theobroma, which means “food of the Gods”.

The Spanish explorer Hernando Cortez went to America in 1519. He visited the Mexican emperor, Montezuma. He saw that Montezuma drank cocoa mixed with vanilla and spices. Cortez took some cocoa home as a gift to the Spanish King Charles. In Spain, people began to drink Cortez’s chocolate in a drink with chili peppers. However, the natural taste of cocoa was too bitter for most people. To sweeten the drink, Europeans added sugar to the cocoa drink. As a sweet drink, it became more popular. By the 17th century, rich people in Europe were drinking it.

2. Later, people started using chocolate in pastries, like pies and cakes. In 1828, Dutch chocolate makers started using a new process for removing the fat from cocoa beans, and getting to the center of the cocoa bean. The Dutch chocolate maker Conrad J. van Houten made a machine that pressed the fat from the bean. The resulting powder mixed better with water than cocoa did. Now, some call Van Houten’s chocolate “Dutch chocolate.”

3. It was easy to mix Dutch chocolate powder with sugar. So other chocolate-makers started trying new recipes that used powdered chocolate. People started mixing sweetened chocolate with cocoa butter to make solid chocolate bars. In 1849, an English chocolate -maker made the first chocolate bar. In the 19th century, the Swiss started making milk chocolate by mixing powdered milk with sweetened chocolate. Milk chocolate has not changed much since this process was invented.

4. Today, two countries – Brazil and Ivory Coast – account for almost half the world’s chocolate. The United States imports most of the chocolates in the world, but the Swiss eats the most chocolate per person. The most chocolate eaten today is sweet milk chocolate, but people also eat white chocolate and dark chocolate.

5. Cocoa and dark chocolate are believed to help prevent heart attacks, or help keep them from happening. They are supposed to be good for the circulatory system. On the other hand, the high fat content of chocolate can cause weight gain, which is not good for people’s health. Other health claims for chocolate have not been proven, but some research shows that chocolate could be good for the brain.

6. Chocolate is a popular holiday gift. A popular Valentine’s Day gift is a box of chocolate candies with a card and flowers. Chocolate is sometimes given for Christmas and birthdays. Chocolate eggs are sometimes given at Easter.

7. Chocolate is toxic to some animals. An ingredient in chocolate is poisonous to dogs, cats, parrots, small rodents, and some livestock. Their bodies cannot process some of the chemicals found in chocolate. Therefore, they should never be fed chocolate.

(a) On the basis of your reading of the passage, make notes on it, using headings and
sub-headings. Use recognisable abbreviations, wherever necessary. Give the passage a suitable title. (4 marks)
(b) Write a summary of the notes prepared, in not more than 80 words. (4 marks)

IV. Read the following passage carefully. (8 marks)

1. The pioneers of the teaching of science imagined that its introduction into education would remove the conventionality, artificiality, and backward-lookingness which were characteristic; of classical studies, but they were gravely disappointed. So, too, in their time had the humanists thought that the study of the classical authors in the original would banish at once the dull pedantry and superstition of mediaeval scholasticism. The professional schoolmaster was a match for both of them, and has almost managed to make the understanding of chemical reactions as dull and as dogmatic an affair as the reading of Virgil’s Aeneid.

2. The chief claim for the use of science in education is that it teaches a child something about the actual universe in which he is living, in making him acquainted with the results of scientific discovery, and at the same time, teaches him how to think logically and inductively by studying scientific method. A certain limited success has been reached in the first of these aims, but practically none at all in the second. Those privileged members of the community, who have been through a secondary or public school education may be expected to know something about the elementary physics and chemistry of a hundred years ago, but they probably know hardly more than any bright boy can pick up from an interest in wireless or scientific hobbies out of school hours.

3. As to the learning of scientific method, the whole thing is palpably a farce. Actually, for the convenience of teachers and the requirements of the examination system, it is necessary that the pupils not only do not learn scientific method but learn precisely the reverse, that is, to believe exactly what they are told and to reproduce it when asked, whether it seems nonsense to them or not. The way in which educated people respond to such quackeries as spiritualism or astrology, not to say more dangerous ones such as racial theories or currency myths, shows that fifty years of education in the method of science in Britain or Germany has produced no visible effect whatever.

The only way of learning the method of science is the long and bitter way of personal experience, and, until the educational or social systems are altered to make this possible, the best we can expect is the production of a minority of people, who are able to acquire some of the techniques of science and a still smaller minority, who are able to use and develop them.

(a) On the basis of your reading of the passage, make notes on it, using headings and
sub-headings. Use recognisable abbreviations, wherever necessary. Give the passage a suitable title. (4 marks)
(b) Write a summary of the notes prepared, in not more than 80 words. (4 marks)

V. Read the following passage carefully. (8 marks)

1. Keeping cities clean is essential for keeping their residents healthy. Our health depends not just on personal hygiene and nutrition, but critically also on how clean we keep our cities and their surroundings. The spread of dengue and chikungunya are intimately linked to the deteriorating state of public health conditions in our cities.

2. The good news is that waste management to keep cities clean is now getting attention through the Swachh Bharat Mission. However, much of the attention begins and stops with the brooms and the dustbins, extending at most to the collection and transportation of the mixed waste to some distant or not so distant place, preferably out of sight.

3. The challenge of processing and treating the different streams of solid waste, and safe disposal of the residuals in scientific landfills, has received much less attention in municipal solid waste management than is expected from a health point of view.

4. One of the problems is that instead of focusing on waste management for health, we have got sidetracked into “waste for energy”. If only we were to begin by not mixing the biodegradable component of solid waste (close to 60 per cent of the total) in our cities with the dry waste, and instead use this stream of waste for composting and producing a gas called methane.

5. City compost from biodegradable waste provides an alternative to farmyard manure (like cow-dung). It provides an opportunity to simultaneously clean up our cities and help improve agricultural productivity and quality of the soil. Organic manure or compost plays a very important role as a supplement to chemical fertilisers in enriching the nutrient-deficient soils. City compost can be the new player in the field.

6. Benefits of compost on the farm are well-known. The water holding capacity of the soil which uses compost helps with drought-proofing, and the requirement of less water per crop is a welcome feature for a water-stressed future. By making the soil porous, use of compost also makes roots stronger and resistant to pests and decay. Farmers using compost, therefore, need less quantity of pesticides. There is also an evidence to suggest that horticulture crops grown with compost have better flavour, size, colour and shelf-life.

7. City compost has the additional advantage of being weed-free unlike farmyard manure which brings with it the seeds of undigested grasses and requires a substantial additional labour cost for weeding as the crops grow. City compost is also rich in organic carbon, and our soils are short in this. Farmers clearly recognise the value of city compost. If city waste was composted before making it available to the farmers for applying to the soil, cities would be cleaned up and the fields around them would be much more productive.

8. Quite apart from cleaning up the cities of biodegradable waste, this would be a major and sustainable contribution to improving the health of our soil without further damage by excessive chemical inputs. What a marvellous change from waste to health!
The good news is that some states are regularly laying plastic roads. Plastic roads will not only withstand future monsoon damage but will also solve a city’s problem of disposing of non-recyclable plastic. It is clear that if the mountains of waste from our cities were to be recycled into road construction material, it would tackle the problem of managing waste while freeing up scarce land. [CBSE Paper 2018]

(a) On the basis of your understanding of the passage make notes on it, using headings
and sub-headings. Use recognizable abbreviations, wherever necessary. Give the passage a suitable title. (4 marks)
(b) Write a summary of the notes prepared, in not more than 80 words. (4 marks)

VI. Read the following passage carefully. (8 marks)

1. To live in harmony with oneself and the environment is the wish of every human. However, in modern times greater physical and emotional demands are constantly placed upon many areas of life. More and more people suffer from physical and mental tension such as stress, anxiety, insomnia, and there is an imbalance in physical activity and proper exercise. That is why, methods and techniques for the attainment and improvement of health, as well as physical, mental and spiritual harmony, are of great importance, and Yoga meets this requirement.

2. The word ‘Yoga’ originates from Sankrit and means ‘to join, to unite’. Yoga exercises have a holistic effect and bring body, mind, consciousness and soul into a balance. In this way, Yoga assists us in coping with everyday demands, problems and worries. Yoga helps to develop a greater understanding of our self, the purpose of life and our relationship with God.

3. On the spiritual path, Yoga leads us to supreme knowledge and eternal bliss in the union of the individual Self with the universal Self. Yoga is that supreme, osmic principle. It is the light of life, the universal creative consciousness that is always awake and never sleeps; that always was, always is, and always will be.

4. Many thousands of years ago in India, Rishis (wise men and saints) explored nature and the cosmos in their meditations. They discovered the laws of the material and spiritual realms and gained an insight into the connections within the universe. They investigated the cosmic laws, the laws of nature and the elements, life on earth, and the powers and energies at work in the universe both in the external world and on a spiritual level. The unity of matter and energy, the origin of the universe and the effects of the elementary powers have been described and explained in the Vedas. Much of this knowledge has been rediscovered and confirmed by modern science.

5. From these experiences and insights a far-reaching and comprehensive system known as Yoga originated and gave us valuable, practical instructions for the body, breathing, concentration, relaxation and meditation. The system ‘Yoga in Daily Life’ is taught worldwide in Yoga Centres, Adult Education Centres, Health Institutions, Fitness and Sports Clubs, Rehabilitation Centres and Health Resorts. It is suitable for all age groups – the name itself indicates that Yoga can be and should be used ‘in Daily Life’.

6. The exercise levels have been worked out in consultation with doctors and physiotherapists and can therefore – with the observation of the stated rules and precautions- be practised independently at home by anyone. ‘Yoga in Daily Life’ is a holistic system, which means it takes into consideration not only the physical but also the mental and spiritual aspects. Positive thinking, perseverance, discipline, orientation towards the Supreme, prayer as well as kindness and understanding, form the way of‘self-knowledge’ and ‘self-realisation’. [CBSE 2019]

(a) On the basis of your understanding of the passage, make notes on it, using headlines and sub-headings. Also use recognisable abbreviations, wherever necessary. Give the passage a suitable title to it. (4 marks)
(b) Write a summary of the notes prepared, in not more than 80 words. (4 marks)

Online Education In this page, we are providing Work, Power And Energy Class 9 Extra Questions and Answers Science Chapter 11 pdf download. NCERT Extra Questions for Class 9 Science Chapter 11 Work, Power And Energy with Answers will help to score more marks in your CBSE Board Exams.

Online Education for Class 9 Science Chapter 11 Extra Questions and Answers Work, Power And Energy

Extra Questions for Class 9 Science Chapter 11 Work, Power And Energy with Answers Solutions

Work, Power And Energy Class 9 Extra Questions Very Short Answer Type

Work And Energy Class 9 Extra Questions Question 1.
Define the following terms.
(a) Work was done
(b) Energy
(c) Mechanical energy
(d) Kinetic energy
(e) Potential energy
(f) Power
(g) Commercial unit of energy.
Answer:
(a) Work done: Work done by a force acting on an object is equal to the magnitude of the force multiplied by the distance moved in the direction of the force.
(b) Energy: Energy of a body is defined as the capacity or ability of the body to do work.
(c) Mechanical energy: Mechanical energy includes kinetic energy and potential energy.
(d) Kinetic energy: The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its motion.
(e) Potential energy: The energy possessed by a body due to its position or configuration.
(f) Power: Power is defined as the rate of doing work or the rate of transfer of energy.
(g) Commercial unit of energy: The energy used in households, industries, and commercial establishment are usually expressed in kilowatt-hour.
1 kWh 1 unit = 3.6 x 10⁶J

Work And Energy Class 9 Extra Questions Numericals Question 2.
Write down the type of energy stored in
(a) spring of a watch
(b) flowing water
(c) rolling stone
(d) raised hammer
(e) running athlete
Answer:
(a) potential energy
(b) kinetic energy
(c) kinetic energy
(d) potential energy
(e) kinetic energy.

Work And Energy Class 9 Important Questions And Answers Question 3.
What will be the kinetic energy of a body when its mass is made four-time and the velocity is doubled?
Answer:
Initial kinetic energy,
\(E_{K_{i}}=\frac{1}{2} m v^{2}\)
Final kinetic energy,
\(E_{K_{f}}=\frac{1}{2}(4 m) \times(2 v)^{2}\)
= 16 x \(\frac {1}{2}\)mυ²
\(E_{K_{f}}=16 E_{K_{i}}\)

Class 9 Science Chapter 11 Extra Questions Question 4.
If we lift a body of 7 kg vertically upwards to a height of 10 m, calculate the work done in lifting the body.
Answer:
Given, m = 7 kg
s = 10m
Workdone, W = F x s
E = mg x s
W = 7 x 10 x 10 J
w = 7000 J

Class 9 Work And Energy Extra Questions Question 5.
State the transformation of energy that takes place when

• Green plants prepare their food.
• Head of a nail hammered hard and it becomes hot.

Answer:

• Solar energy of sun into chemical energy.
• The kinetic energy of the hammer into heat energy.

Extra Questions Of Work And Energy Class 9 Question 6.
How much work is done by a man who tries to push the wall of a house but fails to do so?
Answer:
W = Fs = 0
As there is no displacement.

Work And Energy Class 9 Extra Questions And Answers Question 7.
Establish a relationship between SI unit and commercial unit of energy.
Answer:
SI unit of energy is joule and the commercial unit of energy is the joule.
1kWh = 1000 W x 3600 s = 3.6 x 10⁶J

Questions On Work Energy And Power For Class 9 Question 8.
Write down the energy transformation taking place
(a) In electric bulb
(b) In torch
(c) In the thermal power station
(d) In solar cell
(e) Electric heater
Answer:
(a) Electricity into light energy
(b) The chemical energy of the cell into light and heat energy
(c) The chemical energy of fuel into electricity
(d) Solar energy into electricity
(e) Electricity into heat energy.

Class 9 Science Chapter 11 Extra Questions And Answers Question 9.
A body of mass m is moving in a circular path of radius r. How much work is done on the body?
Answer:
Zero. This is because the centripetal force acting on the body is perpendicular to the displacement of the body.

Extra Questions On Work And Energy Class 9 Question 10.
A horse of mass 200 kg and a dog of mass 20 kg are running at the same speed. Which of the two possesses more kinetic energy? How?
Answer:
The kinetic energy of the horse is more as kinetic energy is directly proportional to mass.

Class 9 Science Ch 11 Extra Questions Question 11.
What is the condition for work done to be positive?
Answer:
For positive work, the angle between force and displacement should be acute.

Class 9 Science Work And Energy Extra Questions Question 12.
Write down the relation between kinetic energy and momentum of a body.
Answer:
\(E_{K}=\frac{p^{2}}{2 m}\)
E_k = kinetic energy of a body
p = momentum of the body
m = mass of the body.

Work Energy And Power Class 9 Extra Questions Question 13.
A cyclist comes to a skidding stop at 50 m. During this process, the force on the cycle due to the road is 1000 N and is directed opposite to the motion. How much work does the road do on the cycle?
Answer:
Given,
Displacement, s = 50 m
Force, F = – 1000 N
Workdone, W = F x s
W = -1000 x 50J
W = 50000J

Class 9 Physics Work And Energy Extra Questions Question 14.
A boy pushes a book by applying a force of 40 N. Find the work done by this force as the book is displaced through 25 cm along the path.
Answer:
Given, Force (F) = 40 N
Displacement (s) = 25 cm = x 10^-2 m
Workdone, W = F x s
= 40 x 25 x 10^-2
= 10J
∴ W = 10J

Work, Power And Energy Class 9 Extra Questions Short Answer Type 1

Work And Energy Class 9 Questions Question 1.
State law of conservation of energy and law of conservation of mechanical energy.
Answer:
Law of conservation of energy: Energy can neither be created nor be destroyed, it can only be transformed from one form to another.
Conservation of mechanical energy: If there is no energy, then the mechanical energy of a system is always constant.

Work And Energy Class 9 Important Questions Question 2.
Define (a) 1 joule (b) 1 watt.
Answer:
(a) 1 joule is the amount of work done on an object when a force of 1 N displaces it by 1 m along the line of action of the force.
(b) 1 watt is the power of an agent, which does work at the rate of 1 joule per second.

Ch 11 Science Class 9 Extra Questions Question 3.
Write down SI unit of the following quantities.
(a) work
(b) kinetic energy
(c) potential energy
(d) power
Answer:
(a) joule (J)
(b) joule (J)
(c) joule (J)
(d) watt (W).

Work And Energy Class 9 Extra Numericals Question 4.
What is the sequence of energy change that takes place in the production of electricity from adam?
Answer:
The potential energy of stored water is converted into the rotational kinetic energy of turbine blades. The rotational kinetic energy of turbine blades is finally converted into electric energy by the generator.

Work Power And Energy Class 9 Extra Questions Question 5.
A light and a heavy object have the same momentum. Find out the ratio of their kinetic energies. Which one has larger kinetic energy?
Answer:
The relation between kinetic energy and momentum
Given,

Question 6.
Why a man does not do work when he moves on a level road while carrying a box on his head?
Answer:
When a man carries a load on his head, the angle between displacement (s) and force (F) is 900. Therefore work done is zero.

Work, Power And Energy Class 9 Extra Questions Numericals

Question 7.
If an electric iron of 1200 W is used for 30 minutes every day, find electric energy consumed in the month of April.
Answer:
Given,
Power, P = 1200 W
time, t = 30 minutes
Power, p = \(\frac {W}{t}\) = \(\frac {E}{t}\)
E = P x t
Energy consumed, E = 1200 x 30 x 60
= 2.16 x 10⁶J = 2.16MJ

Question 8.
What is work done by a force of gravity in the following cases?
(a) Satellite moving around the Earth in a circular orbit of radius 35000 km.
(b) A stone of mass 250 g is thrown up through a height of 2.5 m.
Answer:
(a) Zero
(b) Given,
mass (m) = 250 g = 0.25 kg
height (h) = 2.5 m
Workdone, W = Fs = mgh
= 0.25 x 10 x 2.5
= 6.25 J
W = 625 J

Question 9.
A car and a truck have kinetic energies of 8 x 10 J and 9 x 10 J respectively. If they are brought to a halt at the same distance, find the ratio of the force applied to both the vehicles.
Answer:
Given,
Kinetic energy of car, \(\frac {1}{2}\) = 8 x 10 J
Kinetic energy of truck, \(\frac {1}{2}\) = 9 x 10 J
W = Fs
Work done,

Question 10.
A bus of mass 10,000 kg is moving with a velocity 90 km/h. Calculate the work done to stop this bus.
Answer:
Given,
mass of object, m = 1000 kg
Initial velocity of object, u = 90 km/h

= 25 m/s
Work done = \(\frac {1}{2}\) mυ² – \(\frac {1}{2}\) mu² = 0 – \(\frac {1}{2}\) x 10000 x (25)² = 312.5 x 10⁴ J

Work, Power And Energy Class 9 Extra Questions Short Answer Type 2

Question 1.
The velocity of a body moving in a straight line is inereásed by applying constant force F, for some distance in the direction of motion. Prove that the increase ¡n the kinetic energy of the body is equal to the work done by the force on the body.
Answer:
Let us consider an object lying on a frictionless surface having mass ‘m’.

A force of constant magnitude ‘F’ is acting on the body. Here initial velocity of the body is u and the final velocity is u. As there is no dissipative forces, work on the body will be stored in the form of a change in kinetic energy. It can be proved as
W = Fs …………(1)
and hence from the equation of motion
υ² – u² = 2as
s = \(\frac{v^{2}-u^{2}}{2 a}\) ………….(2)
Asweknowthat F = ma
Using (1), (2) and (3),
W = ma x \(\frac{v^{2}-u^{2}}{2 a}\)
= \(\frac {1}{2}\) m (υ² – u²)
= \(\frac {1}{2}\)mυ² – \(\frac {1}{2}\)mu²
= change in kinetic energy

Question 2.
Derive an expression for potential energy. Write Its SI unit.
Answer:
When work is done on the body, the work is stored in the form of energy. Consider an object of mass, m. Let it be raised through a height, h from the ground. A force is required to do this. The minimum force required to raise the object is equal to the weight of the object, mg. The object gains energy equal to the work done on it. Let the work done on the object against gravity h be W.
i.e., W = force x displacement = mgh

Since work done on the object is equal to mgh, an energy equal to mgh units is gained by the object. This is the potential energy (E_p) of the object.
∴ E_p = mgh
SI unit of potential energy is the joule (J).

Work, Power And Energy Class 9 Extra Questions Numericals

Question 3.
A girl having a mass of 35 kg sits on a trolley of mass 5 kg. The trolley is given an initial velocity of 4 ms1 by applying a force. The trolley comes to rest after traversing a distance of 16 m.
(a) How much work is done on the trolley?
(b) How much work is done by the girl?
Answer:
Given, mass of girl, m = 35 kg
mass of trolley, m = 5 kg.
initial velocity of trolley, u = 4 m/s

(a) using work done = change in kinetic energy
W = \(E_{K_{f}}-E_{K_{i}}\)
= o – \(\frac {1}{2}\) x 40 x (4)² = – 320
∴ W = 320 J_J
(b) Work done by the girl = 0.

Question 4.
Express kilowatt in terms of joule per second. A 150 kg car engine develops 500 W for each kg. What forces does it exert in moving the car at a speed of 20 ms^-1?
Answer:
1 kW = iooo w = 10³ J/S
Given, mass (m) = 150 kg
power (P) = 500 W
velocity (u) = 20 m/s
Using P = Fυ
or, 500 = F x 20
= F =\(\frac {500}{20}\) = 25
F= 25 N

Question 5.
How is the power related to the speed at which a body can be lifted? How many kilogrims will a man working at the power of 100 W, be able to lift at constant speed of 1 mr1 vertically? (g = 10 ms^-2)
Answer:
We know that,

or, p = \(\frac {F.s}{t}\) P = Fυ = mg.υ [F = mg]
where, F = force
s = displacement
υ = velocity
t = time
Given,
power (P) = 100 W
velocity (υ) = 1 m/s
g = 10 m/s²
or, 100 = m x 10 x 1
∴ m = 10 kg

Question 6.
A car of mass 2000 kg is lifted up a distance of 30 m by a crane in 1 minute. A second crane does the same job in 2 minutes. What is the power applied by each crane?
Answer:
Given, mass of the car to be lifted, m = 2000 kg
height through which the car is to be lifted, h = 30 m
Time taken by first crane, t₁ = 1 minute = 60 s
time taken by second crane, t₁ = 2 minutes = 120 s
Amount of work done by each crane,
W = mgh = 2000 x 10 x 30 J
W= 6 x 10⁶ J
Power of first crane, ‘
P₁ = \(\frac{W_{1}}{t_{1}}=\frac{6 \times 10^{5} \mathrm{J}}{60 \mathrm{s}}\) = 10kW
Power of second crane
P₂ = \(\frac{W_{2}}{t_{2}}=\frac{6 \times 10^{5} \mathrm{J}}{120 \mathrm{s}}\) = 10kW

Question 7.
Calculate the electricity bill amount for a month of June, if 6 bulbs of 100 W for5 hours, 4 tube lights of 60 W for 5 hours, a TV of 50 W for 6 hours are used per day. The cost per unit is ₹ 5.
Answer:
Total energy used in a day = (6 x 100 x 5 + 4 x 60 x 5 + 1 x 50 x 6) Wh
= (3000+ 1200 +300)Wh = 4500 Wh
Total energy = 4.5 kWh = 4.5 unit
Total energy used in 30 days = 4.5 x 30 = 135 units
Bill amount = 135 units x ₹ 5 unit = ₹ 675.

Work, Power And Energy Class 9 Extra Questions Long Answer Type

Question 1.
State the conditions for positive, negative, and zero work. Give at least one example of each.
Answer:
1. Zero work: If the angle between force and displacement is 90°, then work done is said to be zero work.
Example: When a man carries a load on his head and moves on a level road. Work done by the man on the load is zero.

2. Positive work: Work done is said to be positive if the force applied on an object and displacement are in the same direction.
W = Fs

Example: Work done by the force of gravity on a falling body is positive.
3. Negative work: Work done is said to be negative if the applied force on an object and displacement is in opposite direction.
W = -Fs
Her displacement is taken to be negative (- s).

Example: Work done by friction force applied is negative on a moving body.

Question 2.
Give a reason for the following:
(a) A bullet is released on firing the pistol.
(b) An arrow moves forward when released from the stretched bow.
(c) Winding the spring of a toy car makes it to run on the ground.
(d) Falling water from a dam generates electricity.
(e) Winding the spring of our watch, the hands of the watch movement.
Answer:
(a) The chemical energy of gun powder is converted into kinetic energy of the bullet.
(b) The elastic potential energy in a stretched bow is converted into kinetic energy of the arrow.
(c) The potential energy of a spring is converted into kinetic energy of the toy.
(d) The kinetic energy of water is converted into electric energy.
(e) The potential energy of spring due to its windings is converted into mechanical energy of the watch.

Question 3.
State the law of conservation of energy. Show that the energy of a freely falling body is conserved.
Answer:
Energy can neither be created nor be destroyed, it can only be transformed ‘ m A from one form to another. The total energy before and after the transformation always remains constant.
Let us consider an object of mass ‘m’ dropped from a height h.
Total energy at point A

\(E_{T_{A}}=E_{K}+E_{P}\)
or, \(E_{T_{A}}=0+m g h\)
∴ \(E_{T_{A}}=m g h\)
Total energy at point B,
\(E_{T_{B}}=E_{T}+E_{p}\)
For finding out velocity at point B
apply υ² – u² = 2as
\(v_{\mathrm{B}}^{2}=2 g h\) = 2gh
Hence, \(E_{T_{B}}=\frac{1}{2} m \mathrm{V}_{\mathrm{B}}^{2}+m g\)
\(E_{T_{B}}=\frac{1}{2} m(2 g h)=m g h\)
Here, \(E_{T_{A}}=E_{T_{B}}\)
Hence if there is no energy loss, total energy is conserved.

Work, Power And Energy Class 9 Extra Questions HOTS

Question 1.
A running man has half the kinetic energy that a body of half of his mass has. The man speeds up by 1 m/s and then has the same kinetic energy as the boy. What are the original speeds of the man and the boy?
Answer:
Let us take
mass of boy = m
mass of man = M
velocity of boy = u
velocity of man = υ
Here, m = \(\frac {M}{2}\)
Initially
E_Kof man = \(\frac {1}{2}\) E_K of boy
\(\frac {1}{2}\) Mυ² = \(\frac {1}{2}\) mu² x \(\frac {1}{2}\)
and \(\frac {1}{2}\) Mυ² = \(\frac {1}{2}\) \(\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{M}{2}\right) u^{2} \times \frac{1}{2}\)
∴ υ² = \(\frac{u^{2}}{4}\) ………….(1)

Finally
E_K of man = E_K of boy
\(\frac {1}{2}\)M(υ +1)² = \(\frac {1}{2}\) mu²
\(\frac {1}{2}\)M(υ +1)² = \(\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{M}{2}\right) u^{2}\)
(υ +1)² = \(\frac{u^{2}}{2}\)
∴ υ +1 = \(\frac{u}{\sqrt{2}}\) …………(2)
υ = \({\sqrt{2}}\) + 1 = 2.41 m/s
and u = 4.82 m/s

Question 2.
Avinash can run with a speed of 8 m/s against the frictional force of 10 N, and Kapil can move with a speed of 3 m/s against the frictional force of 25 N. Who is more powerful and why?
Answer:
Power can be expressed as, P = Fu
Power of Avinash, P = Fu = 10 x 8 = 80 W
Power of Kapil, P = Fu = 25 x 3 = 75 W
Avinash is more powerful than Kapil.

Question 3.
The weight of a person on a planet A is about half that on the earth. He can jump up to 0.4 m height on the surface of the earth. How high can he can jump on planet A?
Answer:
For the case, of jump, the energy imparted by the person is converted into potential energy,
Hence,
(m_Ag_A)h_A = (m_eg_e)h_e ………(1)
Given, m_Ag_A = \(\frac{m_{e} g_{e}}{2}\) ………….(2)
Using (1) and (2),
\(\frac{h_{\mathrm{A}}}{2}=h_{e}\)
∴ h_A = 2h_e = 2 x 0.4 = 0.8m

Question 4.
A ball is dropped from a height of 10 m. If the energy of the bal] is reduced by 40% after striking the ground, how much high can the ball bounce back? (g 10 m/s²)
Answer:
Given,
height, h = 10
If the energy of the ball is reduced by 40%, the remaining energy of the ball is 60% of initial.
Hence ball will rebound to 60% of the initial height
h = \(\frac {60}{100}\) x 10 m
∴ h = 6m

Question 5.
Four men lift a 250 kg box to a height of 1 m and hold it. Without raising or lowering it
(a) How much work is done by men in lifting the box?
(b) How much work they do in just holding it?
Answer:
Given, mass of block, m = 250 kg
height, h = 1 m
(a) work done in lifting,
W = Fs = mgh = 250 x 10 x 1
W = 2500 J
(b) work done in holding, W = 0

Question 6.
What is power? How do you differentiate kilowatt from kilowatt-hour? The Jog falls in Karnataka state are nearly 20 m high. 2000 tonnes of water falls from it in a minute. Calculate the equivalent power if all this energy can be utilized. (g = 10 ms^-2)
Answer:
1. Power is rate of doing work.
2. Kilowatt is the unit of power and kilowatt-hour is unit of energy.
3. Given, height, h = 20 m
Mass per unit time,
m/t = 2000 tonnes per minutes = \(\frac{2000 \times 10^{3}}{60}\) kg/s
Power P = \(\frac{W}{t}=\frac{m g h}{t}=\frac{2000 \times 10^{3}}{60}\) = 10 x 20
∴ P = 6.67 x 10⁶ W = 6.67 MW

Question 7.
What happens to the kinetic energy when:
1.  the mass of the body is doubled at constant velocity?
2. the velocity of the body is doubled at constant mass?
3. the mass of the body is doubled but velocity is reduced to one fourth?
Answer:
1. The kinetic energy of body is given by,
E_k = \(\frac {1}{2}\) mυ⁶, E_k ∝ m. If the mass of the body is doubled its kinetic energy is also doubled.

2. Kinetic energy, E_k ∝ u²
If velocity of the body is doubled, its kinetic energy becomes four times.

3. Initial kinetic energy,
\(E_{K_{i}}\)= \(\frac {1}{2}\) mu²
Final kinetic energy,
\(E_{K_{f}}\) = \(\frac {1}{2}\)(2m) \(\left(\frac{v}{4}\right)^{2}=\frac{m v^{2}}{16}\)
Kinetic Energy becomes one eighth.

Question 8.
Why is the water at the bottom of a waterfall warmer than the water on the top?
Answer:
When waterfalls, its potential energy is converted into kinetic energy of molecules, and the kinetic energy of molecules is converted into heat energy.

Work, Power And Energy Class 9 Extra Questions Value Based (VBQs)

Question 1.
Aman is a student of class IX. He saw an old man trying to keep his box on the roof of a bus but was unable to do so. Aman picked up his box and placed the box on the roof of the bus.
The old man thanked Aman.
Answer the following questions based on the given paragraph:

• Is the work done by Aman while placing the box on the roof of the bus positive or negative?
• Is the work done by gravity on the box positive or negative?
• What values are shown by Aman?

Answer:

• Positive
• Negative
• Aman is a kind and helpful person.

Question 2.
In the winter season, John gifted an electric heater to his grandfather. The electric heater uses electricity to increase room temperature.
Answer the following questions based on the above paragraph:

• Write down the energy transformation in the electric heater.
• What values are shown by John?

Answer:

• Electric heater converts electricity into heat energy.
• John is an intelligent and caring person.

Question 3.
The government of a state decided to construct dams on the river for power generation. Nowadays the demand of electricity is continuously increasing and therefore more generation is required.
Answer the following questions based on the above paragraph:
(a) Write down the type of energy conversion is taking place in dams.
(b) Write down the values shown by the state government.
Answer:
(a) The potential energy of stored water is converted into electricity.
(b) The state government is working efficiently and showing good governance.

Here we are providing Online Education for The Hack Driver Extra Questions and Answers Class 10 English Footprints Without Feet, Extra Questions for Class 10 English was designed by subject expert teachers. https://ncertmcq.com/extra-questions-for-class-10-english/

Online Education for The Hack Driver Extra Questions and Answers Class 10 English Footprints Without Feet

The Hack Driver Extra Questions and Answers Short Answer Type

The Hack Driver Extra Questions Question 1.
What job did the narrator get after graduation? Did he like his work?
Answer:
After doing his graduation, the narrator got the job of a junior assistant clerk in a law firm. No, he did not like his work. He had to serve a summons on the wanted people. He had to visit many dirty places. He never liked his work.

The Hack Driver Class 10 Extra Questions Question 2.
Why was he happy to go to New Mullion? Why did he go there?
Answer:
The narrator did not like the dirty and dark sides of the city life. He thought that he would find some pleasant sights in New Mullion. So, he was happy to go there.He went there to serve summons on Oliver Lutkins.

The Hack Driver Important Questions Question 3.
Why did the lawyer find the sight at the station’ “agreeable”?
Answer:
The narrator was disappointed to see the dirty roads and rows of wooden shops. But there was a man
who made the dull scene of the station agreeable by adding his cheerfulness.
He was the delivery man at the station.

Question 4.
How did the hack driver sketch the character of Lutkins?
Answer:
In fact, the hack driver was Lutkins himself. He sketched Lutkins as a very clever man who was good
at deceiving people. He never repaid the money he had taken from others.
He had a passion for Poker.

Question 5.
The narrator and the hack driver drove around together to find Lutkins.
(i) Which were the places they visited?
(ii) Why couldn’t they find Lutkins?
Answer:
(i) The hack driver took the narrator to almost all the places where Lutkins could be found. They visited Fritz’s shop, GustafFs shop, Gray’s stop, the pool room and Lutkins mother’s farmhouse.
(ii) They could not find Lutkins because the Hack driver was Lutkins himself.

Question  6.
What did the hack driver tell the narrator about Lutkins’ mother?
Answer:
The hack driver told the narrator that Lutkins’ mother was a real terror. She was nine feet tall, four feet thick and as quick as a cat.

Question 7.
How did Lutkins’ mother receive the narrator?
Answer:
Lutkins’ mother was not ready to tell them anything about Lutkins’. She tried to avoid their enquiry. When she ceune to know about the purposes of the narrator, she got furious. She went to the kitchen and came out with an iron rod. She marched towards them with a threat. They had to retreat from there.

Question 8.
What does the narrator describe as “pretty disrespectful treatment”?
Answer:
The narrator describes the treatment given to them by Lutkins’ mother as a pretty disrespected treatment. She insulted them. She marched towards them with a hot iron rod. She laughed at them when they retreated with a fear from there.

Question 9.
With what impression did the lawyer come back to the city?
Answer:
The lawyer returned to the city with a good impression. He liked the people of the village. He found them simple, wise and soft-spoken. He thought of practising law there. He was excited. He had found a treasure and a new way of life in New Mullion.

Question 10.
How did the people at the law firm receive him?
Answer:
The narrator could not find Lutkins. He could not serve the Summons on him so everyone at the firm was angry with him. They scolded and disgraced him,. His chief considered him as a useless fool. He was asked to go back to serve the summons on Lutkins.

Question 11.
Why was he sent back to New Mullion? Who went with him?
Answer:
The lawyer was sent back to New Mullion to serve summons on Lutkins. He had failed in his mission earlier. This time another man who had worked with Lutkins was also sent with him.

Question 12.
Who was the hack driver? What really hurt the feelings of the narrator in the end?
Answer:
The hack driver was Lutkins himself. He had driven the lawyer previous day. The narrator was really hurt when Lutkins and his mother were laughing at him as if he were a bright boy of seven.

Question 13.
How did the lawyer find the streets and shops of New Mullion?
Answer:
The lawyer found the streets of New Mullion muddy. With rows of wooden shops, either painted in sour brown or not painted at all. He was disappointed because he expected to see a sweet and simple country village.

Question 14.
Did the lawyer and the hack driver find Lutkins at Gustaffs barber shop? What did Gustaff say about Lutkins?
Answer:
No, they did not find Lutkins at Gustaffs barber shop. Gustaff told the hack driver that he had neither seen Lutkins nor he cared to see him. He asked him that if he finds Lutkins, he might collect the thirty , five dollars which Lutkins owes to him.

Question 15.
“Let’s go to a restaurant and I’ll buy your lunch,” the lawyer told the hack driver. Did they go to a restaurant to have lunch?
Answer:
The hack driver told the young lawyer that all the four restaurants in the town were bad. He suggested that only for half a dollar his wife would pack up the lunch for them and they would eat at Wade’s Hill. So they did not go to a restaurant.

Question 16.
Did Lutkin’s mother allow the lawyer to search her house to find Lutkins?
Answer:
The hack driver told Lutkins’ mother that the lawyer represented the court in the city and he had a legal right to search the home. She treated them quite disrespectfully but allowed to search the house. But they could not find Lutkin’s there.

Question 17.
“Really, I considered returning to New Mullion to practise law.” Why did the young lawyer think so?
Answer:
While returning, the young lawyer was too busy thinking about Bill Magnuson. He was so fascinated with Bill being “so deep and richly human” and others so soft-spoken, simple and wise that he thought of returning to New Mullion to practice law.

Question 18.
How did the lawyer feel after knowing that the hack driver was Oliver Lutkins himself?
Answer:
The law firm sent the lawyer again to New Mullion to serve the summons to Lutkins. The lawyer was
shocked and his feelings were hurt when the man told him that Bill or the hack driver was Lutkins himself.

Question 19.
“He was so open and friendly that I glowed with the warmth of his affection”. How did the young lawyer form this opinion about the hack driver?
Answer:
The young lawyer felt that the co-operating attitude and kindness shown to him was real, though the hack driver had to earn something out of it also. The lawyer bargained with the hack driver and had settled for two dollars an hour, but his wide smile made him think that he was one old friend.

Question 20.
Why is the lawyer sent to New Mullion? What does he first think about the place?
Answer:
The lawyer is sent to New Mullion to serve summons on a person named Oliver Lutkins, who was needed as a witness in a law case. He had expected the place to be a sweet and simple country village.

Question 21.
Who befriends him? Where does he take him?
Answer:
The lawyer was befriended by a delivery man who introduced himself as Bill. He told him that he knew Lutkins and would help the lawyer in finding him. He took him to all the possible places where Lutkins was’seen or was known to hang out. He took the lawyer to Fritz’s shop, where Lutkins was a frequent visitor to play poker; to GustafFs barber shop and then to Gray’s barber shop; to the poolroom and several other places before finally taking him to Oliver’s mother’s farm. However, so much of roaming around did not yield any result as they failed to find Oliver Lutkins.

Question 22.
What does he say about Lutkins?
Answer:
Bill told the lawyer that Lutkins was a clever fellow hard enough to catch. He was always up to something or the other. He owed money to many people, including Bill, and had never even paid anybody a cent. He also said that Oliver played a lot of pokers and was good at deceiving people.

Question 23.
What more does Bill say about Lutkins and his family?
Answer:
Bill told the lawyer that he knew Lutkin’s mother. He said that she was a terror. He narrated an incident when he took a trunk to her once and she almost took his skin off because he did not treat it like a box of eggs. He also said that she was very tall and fat. She was very quick and could talk a lot. He said that Oliver must have heard that somebody was chasing him and consequently, would have gone into hiding at his mother’s place.

Question 24.
Does the narrator serve the summons that day?
Answer:
No, the narrator does not serve the summon that day.

Question 25.
Who is Lutkins?
Answer:
The hack driver, who called himself Bill, is Oliver Lutkins.

The Hack Driver Extra Questions and Answers Long Answer Type

Question 1.
A person may appear humble but in actually he may not be so. Appearances can be deceptive. Explain with reference to the story ‘The Hack Driver’.
Answer:
Appearances are not always true. At times a person on first meeting appears to be friendly, co-operative,  understanding but as the time unfolds a different story is revealed. When the lawyer comes to the city for first time he is very happy to meet the hack driver. In fact the hack driver himself is Oliver Lutkins.

The hack driver seemed to be a simple country man ready to help. The hack driver showed affectionate behaviour. He left a favourable impression on the narrator’s mind. But very soon lawyer was able to realize that hack driver himself was Oliver Lutkins. It te so foolish to find that a wise person like a lawyer is befooled by a simple country man.

Question 2.
Intelligence or cleverness cannot be identified only on the basis of our work or profession but it comes from our inside. Explain it with reference to the chapter, ‘The Hack Driver’.
Answer:
Yes, it is quite right that intelligence and cleverness come automatically from our inside because it is our birth quality, it cannot be created, that’s why our intelligence or cleverness cannot be identified only on the basis of our work or profession. Many times in our daily life, we can find such examples. For example, a policeman is always considered brave and fighter because he has to face many difficulties daily and if he is not like that, he cannot defeat criminals, dacoits, burglars and cheaters. But sometimes we find some policemen opposite to it.

Some policemen nm away from the place where the people need them very much. Such policemen never think about their duty. They think only to save their lives. Such examples can easily be found in many different fields like medical, political. Some doctors don’t fulfill expectation of the common people, they think only for their families. So it is clear that our work or profession cannot disclose our internal quality like intelligence or cleverness. As we find in this story, the lawyer is not so clever or intelligent but the hackman is very cunning.

Question 3.
The hack driver appears to be humble, co-operative and friendly but as a matter of fact he is not. Explain in context of the story ‘The Hack Driver’ that appearances can be deceptive’.
Answer:
Appearances are not always true. At times a person on first meeting appears to be friendly, co-operative,  understanding but as the time unfolds a different story is revealed. When the lawyer comes to the city for first time he is very happy to meet the hack driver. In fact the hack driver himself is Oliver Lutkins.

The hack driver seemed to be a simple country man ready to help. The hack driver showed affectionate behaviour. He left a favourable impression on the narrator’s mind. But very soon lawyer was able to realize that hack driver himself was Oliver Lutkins. It te so foolish to find that a wise person like a lawyer is befooled by a simple country man.

Question 4.
The lawyer feels delighted in going to a country and enjoying going around it whole day. How does it portray the plight of town life? What values of the lawyer are reflected here?
Answer:
The lawyer is not happy the way he is treated by his law firm. He has no reputation there. He is taken to the task of serving the summons only. He is simple but hardworking. He believes that he can do better in his own village. Besides, he does not like the city life where people are selfish and boorish. On the other hand he finds the country life peaceful, close to the nature and the people there ready to extend a helping hand.

Question 5.
Give a brief character sketch of Oliver Lutkins.
Answer:
Oliver Lutkins was a jolly natured and fun loving person. He had a pleasant appearance. He impressed the lawyer at the railway station by his friendliness and simplicity. But he was not so simple and honest as he appeared to be. He knew about the lawyer’s ignorance and his purpose. He decided to be fool him. He introduced himself as Bill. He had a lot of fun out of his ignorance.

But Oliver had no other intention to befool the narrator besides having simple fun and enjoyment. He had a good understanding with the town folks who helped him in his plan. He loved poker. Lutkins never harmed anybody. He was very kind and well mannered too. He was a talented actor who made fun of an intelligent lawyer. He was very clever and sinart to plan at the moment and include everyone in his plan right before the narrator’s eyes.

Question 6.
Which were the places the narrator and the hack driver visited to search for Lutkins? How did they miss him narrowly everywhere?
Answer:
The narrator was a young lawyer and”was sent to New Mullion to serve a summon on Lutkins. The narrator did not recognise him. He met Bill, the hack driver at the station, who promised him to help in finding Lutkins. The hack driver first of all took him to Fritz. They learnt from him that he had gone to Gustaff s barber shop to have a shave. Reaching there, they learnt that Oliver had left for Gray’s barber shop. They missed him just by five minutes. The hack drove him to the poolroom. They missed him there too. After lunch the hack driver took the narrator to the farm of Lutkin’s mother. Lutkins could not be found there too. Thus, they missed him narrowly everywhere.

Question 7.
“Life is a serious matter; there is no place in it for humour or wit”. Discuss with reference to the story ‘The Hack Driver’.
Answer:
Life is certainly a serious matter. But it is wrong to say that there is no place for humour or wit in it. Life would be a great burden, if it had no humour or wit. There are so many tensions in life. We need a change from the monotony and dullness of the seriousness of life. Laughter is the best sauce of life. Wit and humour are its tools. However, we should be careful. We should not hurt the feelings of others by our sharp and biting wit. Let us laugh with others and not at them. Only then we can bid adieu to tension.

Question 8.
In life, people who easily trust others are sometimes made to look foolish. One should not be too trusting. Describe how Oliver Lutkins made a fool of the young lawyer.
Answer:
Appearances are not always true. At times a person on first meeting appears to be friendly, co-operative,  understanding but as the time unfolds a different story is revealed. When the lawyer comes to the city for first time he is very happy to meet the hack driver. In fact the hack driver himself is Oliver Lutkins.

The hack driver seemed to be a simple country man ready to help. The hack driver showed affectionate behaviour. He left a favourable impression on the narrator’s mind. But very soon lawyer was able to realize that hack driver himself was Oliver Lutkins. It te so foolish to find that a wise person like a lawyer is befooled by a simple country man.

Question 9.
When the lawyer reached New Mullion, did ‘Bill’ know that he was looking for Lutkins? When do you think Bill came up with his plan of fooling the lawyer?
Answer:
Lutkins act of taking the lawyer for a ride clearly indicates that he is a very cunning person. The way he tried to deal with the lawyer shows how quick he is in making plans to fool people. His idea not to disclose his true identity to unknown persons SIKJW how clever he is and it seems to be his regular practice to dupe people, especially the newcomers. As soon as the lawyer told Bill his purpose to visit to that place, Bill instantly knew how he would fool the lawyer.

Question 10.
Lutkins openly takes the lawyer all over the village. How is it that no one lets out the secret?
(Hint: Notice that the hack driver asks the lawyer to keep out of sight behind him when they go into Fritz’s.) Can you find other such subtle ways in which Lutkins manipulates the tour?
Answer:
Lutkins never allows the lawyer to the place where the imaginary Lutkins is supposed to be present at a given time. He asks him to keep out to sight, weaving vague stories about Lutkin’s vagabond nature. Bill also tries to scare away the lawyer, cooking up different stories about Lutkin’s mother. He did all this just to save himself from being summoned in the case.

Question 11.
Why do you think Lutkins’ neighbours were anxious to meet the lawyer?
Answer:
Lutkin’s neighbours were not anxious to meet a person who could be easily duped. They just wanted to enjoy the lawyer’s predicament.

Question 12.
After his first day’s experience with the hack driver the lawyer thinks of returning to New Mullion to practise law. Do you think he would have reconsidered this idea after his second visit?
Answer:
After his first day’s experience with the hack driver, the lawyer got a lesson for life that not to befriend anybody so easily. However, he realized during his second visit that he had been literally taken for a ride by the hack driver (who himself was Lutkins) and people of that town were just trying to enjoy the situation he was in. After becoming the laughing stock of the town, it is most likely that the lawyer would have reconsidered his initial idea of practising law in the village.

Question 13.
Do you think the lawyer was gullible? How could he have avoided being taken for a ride?
Answer:
The lawyer seems to be a simpleton and inexperienced person. He has yet to come to terms with the way the people in this world function. Being a lawyer, he could have easily avoided being duped by a stranger. Before visiting that village, he could have gathered important information regarding Lutkins. He could have taken a photograph of Lutkins along with him, most importantly, he should not have discussed his purpose of his visit with a total stranger, as it was a matter that involved law and security.

Question 14.
Do we come across persons like Lutkins only in fiction or do we encounter them in real life as well? You can give examples from fiction, or narrate an incident that you have read in the newspaper or an incident from real life.
Answer:
Yes, we do come across persons like Lutkins in fiction as well as in real life. Literature is full of instances where appearance is different from reality. In real life also we find that what appears may be quite contrary to what it turns out to be. That is why, it is said that all that glitters is not gold. A person who appears to be very gentle, may, later on, turns out to be a rogue. We read in newspapers many instances of so-called false holy men deceiving the people and turning out later as frauds.

Once I was taken for a ride. One night I got a telephonic message that my brother would be coming by morning flight. The person who was calling told me personally. He told me that my brother would be waiting for us at the airport. As my father was not feeling well, he asked me to go there to receive my brother. After reaching the airport, I looked for my brother, but he was nowhere to be found. I contacted the enquiry counter and was told that the flight was in. After two hours, I got a call on my mobile. It was my friend who laughed and said that they were successful in making me the first April fool!

Question 15.
Who is a ‘con man’, or a confidence trickster?
Answer:
A con man is a person who cheats others using confidence tricks. A con man poses as a sophisticated gentleman and takes his victim in full confidence. And then he cheats him in such a way that he comes to know about it only after he has been cheated.