Category: CBSE Class 11

This grammar section explains English Grammar in a clear and simple way. There are example sentences to show how the language is used. Students can also read NCERT Solutions for Class 11 English to get good marks in CBSE Board Exams. https://ncertmcq.com/business-letter-class-11/

Business Letter Class 11 Format, Topics, Samples

Business Letter Class 11

1. Business Letters: Inquiries and Replies:

Question 1.
Your are Raj/Rani, living at 3, K.B. Road Delhi. You read an advertisement about an online Course in Accountancy. Through Computers, being run by Accounts Experts Institute, Patel Road, Delhi. Write a letter to the advertiser seeking all the relevent information about the course, [NCT 2018]

Answer:
3, K.B. Road
Delhi 1100XX
The Director
Accounts Experts Institute,
Patel Road,
Delhi 1100XX
Dear Sir
Subject: Course in Accountancy

This is with reference to your advertisement on line about the short term course in Accountancy offered by your institute.

Kindly let me know if your institute is recognised by any university. Further, what is the duration and the fee of this course? Please let me know if hard copies of the study material will be available along with the on line subject matter. Also, if there is a contract programme and if so, of what duration.

I shall be extremely thankful for an early response by email or by post.

With best wishes

Yours faithfully
Raj

Business Letter Format Class 11 Question 2.
Your younger brother is an extremely good looking and smart kid. Your parents are considering modelling offers for him. You come across the following advertisement and find it attractive enough to make enquiries.

Cute children required earliest for TV and magazine ad. of children’s products, soft drinks. Serial openings offered. Contact Townspeople, M-54, Greater Kailash, New Delhi

Write a letter as the father seeking details about assignments, stating your terms and conditions and giving information about the child. Enclose photographs. Sign as Ramesh Sharma. You are living at 14, S-Block, Sector 12, Noida.
Answer:

14 S-Block
Sector 12
Noida 201XXX

11 November 20XX

The Manager
Towns people
M-54, Greater Kailash
New Delhi 1100XX

Dear Sir

Subject: Enquiry about the modelling assignment

This is in reference to your advertisement in the Times of India dated Nov. 9,20XX inviting attractive children to act as models.

My son is eight years old and is extremely good looking. He is very intelligent and cqn easily follow instructions. He is a student of class III and has taken part in many school functions. I am enclosing four photographs of my son taken from different angles. I would like him to be a model for your company.

In case you find the photographs suitable, please let me have the details of your offer.

With best wishes
Yours faithfully
Ramesh Sharma
Ends: 4 Photographs

Formal Letter Class 11 Question 3.
Write a reply to the above enquiry.
Answer:
Townspeople
M-54 Greater Kailash
New Delhi

Nov. 17, 20XX

Mr Ramesh Sharma
14 S-Block
Sector 12
Noida 201301

Dear Mr Sharma

Subject: Child Model

I thank you for your letter dated Nov. 11, 20XX and the interest you have shown in our firm. I am pleased to inform you that our panel of advertising executives thought highly of your son’s photographs. He is a very photogenic child and may serve our purpose.

To answer your query, I would like to tell you about our firm. We are a reputable ad agency and are currently handling the advertising campaign of Food and Drinks Ltd., a well-known multinational company. I suggest that you bring the child to our office next Sunday so that we may speak to him and know more about him. We shall put him through some easy exercises. In case he performs to our satisfaction, we shall make you our offer.

Please let me know if you would like to meet us on some other day. Hoping to hear from you soon.

Yours sincerely
Aakash Saxena
(Creative Manager)

Business Letters Class 11 Question 4.
You wish to buy an inverter to cope with frequent powercuts. Write a letter to Plaza Batteries, 55, Pataiiputra Road, Patna, asking them if they supply branded inverters or those manufactured in their own factory. Ask about voltage, number of batteries, expected life, guarantee, price and other relevant details.
You are Krishna Kant/Kamini living at 42, Model Town, Gaya, Bihar.
Answer:

42 Model Town
Gaya
Bihar
4 March 20XX

The Manager
Plaza Batteries
55, Pataliputra Road
Patna

Dear Sir

Subject: Enquiry about inverters

I came across your advertisement in the Patna Times of 1st March 20XX announcing the availability of inverters at your showroom. I am interested in buying one for my house.

Please let me know what voltage I will need to run four tubelights, four fans and one television. Will I need two batteries for the purpose or will one be sufficient? Let me also know if there is a guarantee or a warranty on your inverters.

The most important enquiry is regarding the brand of the inverters. Do you sell branded ones or those manufactured locally? I would also like to know the various prices and the discounts offered by you.

Kindly reply at the earliest, so that I may take a decision regarding the purchase.

Yours faithfully
Krishna Kant

Letter Writing Class 11 Question 5.
Your family has to shift from Delhi to Chennai. You need the services of a professional packing and moving company. You see the following advertisement in a newspaper.

Decent Packers-worldwide packing, shifting, transport-road, air, sea, Insurance household/ car, door to door service. Contact Manager: 1469, D Block, Connaught Place, New Delhi.

Write a letter to the Manager enquiring about special packing for expensive glassware, electronic goods, charges for moving your entire household goods by road and the time the goods would take to reach Chennai. Sign as Krishna Kant/Krishna Kumari. Your, address is 18 B, Self-Financing Flats, Alaknanda Colony, New Delhi.
Answer:

18B Self-Financing Flats
Alaknanda Colony
New Delhi

21 February 20XX

The Manager
Decent Packers
1469, D Block
Connaught Place
New Delhi 110001

Dear Sir

Subject: Packing and transporting household goods from Delhi to Chennai

This is with reference to your advertisement in the Times of India dated 18 th February 20XX. Kindly let me know if your company can handle my goods to my specifications.

I would like to know if you have any special packing arrangements for expensive crystalware, glassware, chandeliers and delicate porcelain items. Please let me know if you can pack electronic goods and safely transport them. Also, write what would be your charges for packing and transporting my household goods. In all, my possessions will be about one truck load. Indicate how long the goods will take to reach Chennai. On hearing from you, I shall be able to finalise my plans. Expecting an early response.

Yours faithfully
Krishna Kant

Format Of Business Letter Class 11 Question 6.
Write a reply to the above enquiry describing special packing, offering a discount if a car is also sent.

Answer:
Ref. PT/21 Feb/DC
Decent Packers
1469, D Block
Connaught Place
New Delhi 110001

1 March 20XX

Mr Krishna Kant
18-B, Self-Financing Flats
Alaknanda Colony
New Delhi 110019

Dear Sir

Subject: Transporting goods from Delhi to Chennai

I thank you for your letter dated 21st February 20XX expressing interest in the services offered by our company. I would like to assure you that we handle the job to our customer’s satisfaction. We have special thermocol packing for storing and moving glass and crystal and porcelain items. Your chandeliers will be dismantled and packed carefully and reassembled by our staff on reaching Chennai. We handle electronic items very frequently and take special care while transporting them. Our executive can visit you on a day and time convenient to you. He will give you our quotations on inspecting your household goods. We shall offer a discount of 5% if you transport your car through us.

I shall be happy to answer any further questions you may have. Please let us know when our executive may visit you to finalise the deal.

With best wishes,

Yours sincerely
Ramesh Nagpal
(Manager)

Format Of Official Letter Class 11 Question 7.
You have given a portion of your house on rent to a young man. Recently you have noticed some undesirable strangers visiting him. He is frequently out of town for days at a stretch. You are suspicious, but do not wish to go to the police. Write a letter to a private detective agency enquiring if they can undertake an investigation and their charges for the same. You should not reveal the entire situation in the letter but suggest that the investigation may have to be done outside your city also. The name of the agency is Discreet Services at 45, Ashok Nagar, Business Complex, Himalaya Plaza, Simla. Sign as Hamid Khan. Your address is R-15, Gandhi Nagar, Simla.
Answer:

R-15, Gandhi Nagar
Simla

2 May 20XX

Discreet Services
45, Ashok Nagar
Business Complex
Himalaya Plaza
Simla

Dear Sir

Subject: Enquiry about detection charges

I have come to know of your firm through some business associates who have used your services. I need your Kelp in the following matter.

Kindly let me know if you can obtain for me complete information about an individual whose activities appear suspicious to me. I must mention that the enquiry has to be absolutely confidential. You may have to go out of Simla for these inquiries. Please let me know your charges for the assignment.

Hoping for an early response.

Yours faithfully
Hamid Khan

Class 11 Official Letter Question 8.
Write a reply to the above enquiry promising secrecy in investigation and speedy result.
Answer:

Ref. Id.Per/21/XX
Discreet Services
45, Ashok Nagar
Business Complex
Himalaya Plaza

Simla

10 May 20XX

Mr. Hamid Khan
R-15, Gandhi Nagar
Simla

Sir

Subject: Your letter regarding your tenant

We thank you for your letter dated 2nd May 20XX and for the interest you have shown in our firm.

We would like to assure you that obtaining information about any individual is not difficult at all for us. We handle such cases frequently and successfully. Further, we can assure you that we will not take too long over such an assignment. However, you will have to give us some more information about the person, his photograph, if possible, and any known contacts. We shall need an advance deposit of ₹ 10,000. If no extraordinary expenses are involved, our total charges will be ₹ 25,000. We would like to assure you of our efficient services.

Awaiting instructions from you,

Yours sincerely
Avinash Kapur

Letter Class 11 Question 9.
As Avinash Aneja, Librarian of Swami Vivekanand Sr. Secondary School, Vikaspuri, Delhi, you have to buy dictionaries and encyclopaedia. Write a letter to M/s Universal Book Suppliers, 14, Gali Ram Nath, Chandni Chowk, Delhi, asking for a list of such books available with them, their publishers, special discounts for institutions, time taken for delivery and the mode of payment acceptable to them.
Answer:

Ref-U.B.S./En.Div./01/XX
Swami Vivekanand Sr. Secondary School
Vikaspuri
Delhi

10 February 20XX

M/s Universal Book Suppliers
14 Gali Ram Nath
Chandni Chowk
Delhi 110006

Dear Sir

Subject: Order for books

We are interested in ordering some dictionaries and encyclopaedia for our newly established library. We would appreciate if you could tell us about the encyclopaedia, preferably illustrated, for children of middle level. Kindly let me know if you have Websters Illustrated Junior Encyclopaedia (8 Vols.) and Oxford Dictionary (latest edition). Please send me a list of such books along with the publishers’ names and prices. We would like to know what discount you will offer to us as an institution and whether you will accept payment by cheque. Please write how much time you will take to make the delivery.

Looking forward to an early response.

Yours faithfully
Avinash Aneja
(Librarian)

Business Letter Writing Class 11 Question 10.
Write a reply to the above enquiiy giving the necessary information.
Answer:

Our Ref. s.V.s.s./d.e./01/XX
Your Ref. U.B.S./En.Div./01/XX
M/s Universal Book Suppliers
14, Gali Ram Nath
Chandni Chowk
Delhi 110006

1 March 20XX
The Librarian
Swami Vivekanand Sr. Secondary School
Vikaspuri
Delhi 1100XX

Dear Sir

Subject: Information regarding books

We thank you for your letter of 10th February 20XX and are happy to furnish the information you need.

We deal in educational books and therefore stock dictionaries and encyclopaedia brought out by Indian as well as foreign publishers. We have books for all age groups, suitable for primary, middle or senior classes. As desired by you, we are enclosing our catalogue which gives information about publishers and prices.

We shall offer you 10% discount, as given to institutions. Your books will be delivered in about two weeks’ time after we receive your order. We accept payment by demand draft only.

We hope our terms meet your approval and we receive your order soon.

Yours faithfully
R. Krishnan
(Manager)

Business Or Official Letters Class 11 Question 11.
You are Manish/Manisha Verma living at 59, Saraswati Enclave, Sector-9, Rohini. You wish to make a pilgrimage to Badrinath, Kedarnath and Haridwajr with your family of four. Write a letter to Ideal Pilgrims Tours and Travels, D 22, Connaught Place, New Delhi enquiring about the schedule of their conducted tours by deluxe buses to these places. Ask about the charges, staying and boarding arrangements and the total time needed for the tour.
Answer:

59, Saraswati Enclave
Sector 9
Rohini
Delhi 110085

5 March 20XX

The Manager
Ideal Pilgrims Tours and Travels
D 22, Connaught Place
New Delhi 110001

Dear Sir

Subject: Inquiry about the package tour

Please refer to your advertisement in the Times of India dated 3rd March 20XX where you have described the package tour to Badrinath, Kedarnath and Haridwar. I am interested in making this trip with my wife and two children. Please let me have some information regarding your package. Please let me know if you have a tour planned for middle, late October or early November. I would like-to know about the kind of boarding and lodging facilities provided by you. How much time will you provide at each of these places, and what will be the total duration of the trip? Am I entitled to student discount for my children or a group discount for the party? Please send me a brochure, if possible.

I shall book the tour with you if your terms and dates suit me.

Expecting an early response,

Yours faithfully
Manish Verma

Class 11 Official Letter Format Question 12.
Write a reply to this enquiry giving the necessary details.
Answer:

Our Ref. HBK/31/XX
Ideal Pilgrims Tours and Travels
D 22, Connaught Place
New Delhi 110001

15 March 20XX

Manish Verma
59, Saraswati Enclave
Sector 9
Rohini
Delhi 110085
Dear Sir

Subject: Information about the travel package

Thanks for the interest shown by you in our travel package. I thank you for your letter of 5th March 20XX.

The total duration of our tour to Haridwar, Badrinath and Kedarnath is of ten days-from Delhi back to Delhi. We spend two days at Haridwar, two at Badrinath and three at Kedarnath. The remaining time is taken in travelling. Our stay at each place is in the guest houses of Garhwal Vikas Nigam. The accommodation is comfortable. Two or more beds will be provided to a family according to its requirement. Food will be vegetarian. We shall provide you morning tea, breakfast, lunch and dinner. Total charges per adult will be ₹ 7,000 and for children below twelve years ₹ 5,500.

Our trips in October are beginning on 15th, 20th, 25th and 30th and in November on 4th and 9th and after every five days. I am enclosing a brochure as desired by you. We shall be happy to book your seats on any tour, provided you inform us well in advance.

Hoping to hear soon from you,

Yours faithfully
H.R. Narain
(Manager)
Enel. Brochure

Formal Letter Format Class 11 Question 13.
You are Ashok/Ashima Mathur, of 56 H Block, Ashok Vihar, Delhi-110052. You are the owner of a restaurant and wish to expand it. For this purpose you need a loan from the HDFC Bank, Pitampura, Delhi. Write to the manager enquiring about the terms and interest rates on a loan of 5 lakhs, documents to be provided and formalities to be completed.
Answer:

Our Ref. HDFC/Loan/01/XX
56 H Block
Ashok Vihar
Delhi-110052

5 March 20XX

The Manager
HDFC Bank
Pitampura
Delhi 110034

Dear Sir

Subject: Request for loan

(introductory) I am an account holder in your bank for several years, a/c no. SB 2978.

Fixed deposits of ₹ 80,000
(Main para) I intend to expand my business- I own a restaurant ‘Evening’ at Madhuban Chowk, Pitampura-turnover of t 1 lakh per month-wish to expand-construct new building-instal air conditioners-upgrade the facilities – I request you to sanction a loan of five lakhs. (Concluding)-What documents should be provided-let me know about the formalities to be completed.

(Develop these hints into full sentences.)

Yours faithfully
Ashok Mathur

2. Business Letters: Placing Orders

1. Your school, Vandana Public School, Dayanand Vihar, Chandigarh, requires some musical instruments. Write a letter to Saraswati Musical Pvt. Ltd. Shahadara placing an order for the same, on the behalf of the school principal. (120-150 words) [NCT 2018]
Answer:

Vandana Public School
Dayanand Vihar
Chandigarh 1600XX

4 April 20XX

Sarswati Musical Pvt. Ltd.
Shahdara
Delhi 1100XX

Dear Sir

Subject: Order for musical instruments

I am pleased to inform you that our meeting with your representative proved to be most satisfactory.

In consultation with our Music Department, am placing an order for the purchase of the following musical instruments.

1. Harmonium 2. Tabla 3. Sitar 4. Dholak

2 piece 2 pairs 1 piece 2 piece

Kindly arrange to have these delivered at the earliest in undamaged condition. As per our conversation. I am enclosing a cheque of ₹5000/- as advance payment. The balance will be paid on receipt of the instruments.

With best wishes

Yours faithfully
Namita Sinha
(Namita Sinha)
Enel. Cheque No. A 23456789 for ₹5000/-

Business Letter Class 11 Format Question 2.
You are Riyazzuddin/ Riya, the Secretary of your school sports club. On behalf of the school Principal, write a letter to the Sales Manager of Delhi Sports Store, Murad Nagar, placing an order for sports equipment – cricket bats, balls, volleyballs, rackets, etc. [NCT 2015]
Answer:

Kendriya Vidyalaya No. 5
Murad Nagar XXXXXX

15 January 20XX

The Sales Manager
Delhi Sports Store
Murad Nagar XXXXXX
Dear Sir

Subject: Order for Sports Equipment

I am writing to you on behalf of Mr. S. Khare, Principal, KV No.5 Murad Nagar.
We visited your store on 10 February 20XX and examined the sports equipment available with you. We would like to order the following items from your store.
1. 6 Cricket bats – full size of ‘Trail Blager’ company
2. 12 Cricket balls made by ‘Trail Blager’
3. 6 Tennis raquets, medium weight and grip made by ‘Champions’
4. 2 Volleyball nets
5. 12 Badminton raquets by ‘Champions’

As agreed upon, we would like you to deliver the equipment within a week from today.

Please find enclosed a cheque for ₹ 5000/ as advance payment. The balance will be paid on receipt of the equipment.

We hope for a satisfactory deal and that you will deliver good quality equipment within the time frame agreed upon mutually.

Thanking you

Yours faithfully
Riya
Secretary, Sports Club
Enel: Cheque no. 4560123789 for ₹ 5000/.

Question 3.
You are the manager of the restaurant ‘The Chef. Write a letter to the manager of ‘The Cottage India Emporium’ placing your order for furnishings and upholstery items for your restaurant.
Answer:

The Chef
4/3 Model Town
New Delhi 1100XX

2 March 20XX

The Manager
The Cottage India Emporium
Central Market
New Delhi 110OXX

Dear Sir

Subject: Placing order for furnishings and upholstery items

Thank you for your quotation of February 25 and the generous supply of sample along with the :
latest price list, both are well up to our expectations.

Since our requirement is urgent, kindly send the following items immediately.

We hope you will make arrangements for delivering the items latest by March 15, 20XX. The payment will be made in cash after adjusting 15% trade discount as specified by you. Further, it must be understood that we reserve the right to reject any item that does not correspond to the samples submitted.

Yours faithfully,
Hari Dutt
(Manager)
The Chef Restaurant

Advertisement Writing Class 11 Format, Examples

An advertisement for the classified columns in a newspaper should be brief as the price to be paid for the advertisement very much depends on the space taken.

This grammar section explains English Grammar in a clear and simple way. There are example sentences to show how the language is used. Students can also read NCERT Solutions for Class 11 English to get good marks in CBSE Board Exams. https://ncertmcq.com/advertisement-writing-class-11/

Newspapers, magazines, TV, radio, cinema, leaflets, pamphlets, etc. are extensively used for such purposes. The content is brief, words limited and sentences not necessarily grammatically correct. Information in digital, abbreviated, and short-form is acceptable. However, the brief description of the product or services advertised and the contact address must be there. There are two basic types of advertisements (ads) in the newspaper.

Advertisement Format Class 11 Question 1.
You are looking for a second-hand car. Draft an advertisement for the classified column of a newspaper, specifying your requirements in 50 words. You are Sumit/Sunita of A-40, Vinod Enclave Delhi. [NCT 2018]

Answer:

Wanted Wanted second-hand car in good condition should be no more than three years old. A medium sedan with mileage less than zone lakh kms, preferably owner-driven without accidents. Honda, Hyundai, Tata, Ford, Toyota preferred. Documents should be in order. Please contact Sumta, A40, Vinod Enclave Delhi.

Advertisement Class 11 Question 2.
Abha/Abhay has a very good knowledge of all the tourist attractions in Delhi. (S)He wants to work
as a Tourist Guide. Draft a suitable advertisement for publication in the classified columns of a local daily. [NCT 2017]

Answer:

Available History graduate fluent in English, French, and Spanish seeks employment with good private tour operators. Excellent communication skills and ability to handle groups upto 50 people. Familiar with Delhi monument buts. Contact Abhay Verma 9848XXXXXX. email: abhay@mail.com.

Advertisement Writing Class 11 Question 3.
You are the General Manager of a leading company. You need a Chartered Accountant for your office. Draft an advertisement in not more than 50 words to be published in the Times of India, New Delhi, under the classified columns. [NCT 2016]

Answer:

Wanted Wanted a chartered accountant for a leading manufacturing company. The applicant should “have certification for practising as a chartered accountant. Experience in a similar company is desirable but not essential. The applicant should send their application with their CV and photograph to the Manager, HRD, Eicher Manufacturers, F 16, Connaught Place, latest by 20 August 20XX.

Advertisement For Class 11 Question 4.
You are Suyashi/Utkarsh, living at M-48, Wajirpur, Delhi. You want to sell off your mobile phone. Draft an advertisement for the classified columns of a national daily giving its details and the price expected. [NCT 2015]

Answer:

For Sale Samsung mobile of Galaxy Series dual sim, dual camera, Android in good condition. Owner wishes to sell earliest as is where is basis. Minimum acceptable price ? 8000. Only cash will be j i accepted. Interested buyers. Contact: Suyashi, M-48, Wazirpur Delhi, Fix prior appointment calling 8432XXXXXX

Advertisement Writing For Class 11 Question 5.
RKS International School is looking for a receptionist for the school. Write an advertisement on behalf of the Administrative Officer in the classified column of the local newspaper giving necessary details. Draft the advertisement in about 50 words.

Answer:

Situation Vacant I Wanted a receptionist for school office. The candidate must be a graduate, fluent in spoken English, Hindi and local language. Polite manners and pleasant personality are desirable. The candidate should be familiar with office procedures and the use of computers. Contact: Administrative officer, RKS International School, Delhi 1100XX.

Advertisement Writing Examples For Class 11 Question 6.
Areputablesoftdrinkcompanyislaunchingtwonewproductsthissummer.Prepareanadvertisementin about 50 words to be distributed as a publicity leaflet.

Answer:

Fruitrue-tickle your taste buds Enjoy fresh mango and orange drink to be launched on April 15! Taste the freshness and nutrition of fruitrue. New attractive packaging preserves the original fruity flavour. Extremely hygenic and attractive packaging!! Unbelievably low prices on launch __________ from April 15 to May 15. Available at your nearest store.

Advertisement Writing Format Class 11 Question 7.
Prepare a publicity leaflet in about 50 words advertising your Fun Centre offering, hobby classes during summer vacation.

Answer:

Fun Plus Learn Join hobby classes in: Music: Indian and Western Dance: Contemporary, Classical Art: Painting, Papier Mache, Craft Work Theatre: Acting Outstanding teachers for all disciplines. Limited seats on first come first-served basis. Reasonable fees. Inaugural 10% discount on first ten registrations. Contact: B -11 Saraswati Vihar, Pitampura, Delhi 1100XX.

Class 11 Advertisement Writing Question 8.
You are a travel agent and conduct tours in India and abroad. Write an advertisement in about 50 words offering attractive discounts during summer vacation.
Answer:

Holidays to Remember Bookyour holidays with Amar Travels for a memorable summer experience. Attractive discounts offered j for family and group bookings. Visit Kashmir, Nainital, Mussoorie and Darjeeling at lowest prices, Holidays in Goa, Kerala, Lakshadweep and Sri Lanka for seaside thrills. We make all arrangements for travel, hotels and sightseeing. Contact Amar Singh at 98XXXXXXXX.

Advertisement English Grammar Question 9.
You run a coaching class which prepares students for class X and XII board exams, engineering and medical entrance tests. Write an advertisement in about 50 words to be distributed as a publicity leaflet.

Answer:

SuperMind Classes Bright India Coaching offers admission to students appearing in CBSE/ISC classes 10 and 12, Engineering and Medical entrance tests. Classes conducted by expert teachers. High success rate. Seats on a first-come-first-served basis. Contact 63, G Block Mukherji Nagar, Delhi Phone: 9822XXXXXX email: brightindia@org.co.

Factual passages convey information in a straightforward and direct manner about a particular subject. Usually, the language and style are simple and clear. Factual passages may give instructions or descriptions or report of an event or a new finding.

This grammar section explains English Grammar in a clear and simple way. There are example sentences to show how the language is used. Read all classes unseen passage with questions and answers in English

Students can also read NCERT Solutions for Class 11 English to get good marks in CBSE Board Exams. https://ncertmcq.com/unseen-passage-for-class-11-factual/

Unseen Passage For Class 11 Factual CBSE With Answers

(a) Instructions Instructions are a series of steps needed to be performed in order to complete a task. Instructions may be given casually or formally. They can be for any activity, simple or complex, regarding ordinary job or specialised task. Passages which give instructions are carefully structured to effectively communicate the complete process of performing an activity.

Unseen Passage For Class 11

1. Read the passage given below.

1. Roshni Bairwa remembers running all the way from her home in Tonk’s Mahmoodnagar Dhani village to the room where the ‘bal samooh’ (children’s group) met. “My grandparents are getting me married, you have to do something,” the then 12-year-old told the 20 or so children sitting there.

2. The children, all aged between eight and 16, trooped up to Roshni’s house and urged her grandparents to stop the impending wedding. Others, including village elders and teachers, joined in. The wedding was stopped. She had discovered a way out of the quagmire with the help of a local NGO and the village children.

3. When she was in class XII, the pressure to get married returned. This time her uncle found a match for her. When she resisted, she was taunted and beaten. People would point to her as the girl who brought shame to her family and asked their children not to speak to her. “I was 16 years old and alone in the world. I walked to school with my eyes fixed to the ground. I would think sometimes, what have I done that is so terrible for everyone to hate me so much?

I would cry myself to sleep,” recalls Roshni, who lost her father when she was two and had been abandoned by her mother shortly after. But even in those dark moments, Roshni didn’t give up, moving out of the village to Peeplu tehsil in Rajasthan where she rented a room and attended college.

4. With education and independence came a sense of confidence. “I kept in touch with the children in the village. Every time there was child marriage, they would call me and I would go to stop it. I realised I had already been thrown out of the village, the worst had already happened, what else could the villagers do? So I went and fought with everyone who was getting their child married,” she says with a laugh. So far she has stopped over a dozen marriages.

5. Even without the support of the law, young girls have been crusading against the practice. Earlier this month, 19-year-old Sushila Bishnoi from Barmer succeeded in getting her marriage annulled, submitting photographs, and congratulatory messages from her husband’s Facebook account to the court. The court accepted these as evidence that the union took place when both the bride and groom were 12 years old and declared the marriage invalid.

6. Seema Bairwal (name changed) was 15 when she was married to a man a few years older. Later when she started attending ‘bal samooh’ meetings with NGO Shiv Shiksha Samiti and Save the Children, it dawned on her that she had a choice. “I learnt that my life is mine. I have the power to say no to marriage.

1.1 On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer the following questions by choosing the best of the given choices.

Unseen Passage Class 11

Question (a)
The brides mentioned in the passage are rebels against
(i) the dowry system
(ii) child marriage
(iii) purdah system
(iv) arranged manages

Answer:
(ii) child marriage

Unseen Passage For Class 11 With Answers Pdf 2021

Question (b)
When Roshni was twelve years old, she succeeded in her mission with the help of …………
(i) 20 children aged between eight and sixteen
(ii) her grandparents
(iii) 20 children, her grandparents, village elders and teachers
(iv) children and an NGO

Answer:
(iii) 20 children, her grandparents, village elders and teachers

Unseen Passage For Class 11 With Mcqs

Question (c)
When she Wps sixteen the people of the village …………………..
(i) taunted her and beat her up
(ii) boycotted her
(iii) were angry with her
(iv) were sympathetic and understanding

Answer:
(i) taunted her and beat her up

Unseen Passage For Class 11 With Answers Pdf

Question (d)
Roshni moved out of the village in order to
(i) seek a job
(ii) escape the villagers
(iii) attend college
(iv) marry a boy of her choice

Answer:
(iii) attend college

Unseen Passage For Class 11 In English With Answers

Question (e)
‘Give up’ in para 3 means
(i) stop attending classes
(ii) stop doing something
(iii) very eager
(iv) voluntary help

Answer:
(ii) stop doing something

Class 11 English Unseen Passage Mcq

Question (f)
‘Annulled’ in para 5 means
(i) To state officially that something is not legally valid
(ii) Help somebody
(iii) impending doom
(iv) social works

Answer:
(i) To state officially that something is not legally valid

Unseen Passage Class 11 Mcq

1.2 Answer the following.

(a) The children, all aged between eight and 16, trapped to …………….. and urged her grandparents to stop the impending wedding.
(b) Roshni lost her father when she was only ……………. years old.
(c) Education and independence made Roshni confident. [True/False]
(d) ‘Bal Samooh’ meetings with NGO Shiv Shiksha Samiti and ‘Save the Children’ encouraged
child marriage. [True/False]

Answer:
(a) Roshini’s house
(b) two
(c) True
(d) False

Class 11 Unseen Passage Mcq

1.3 Find words/expressions from the passage that have a meaning similar to the following.

(a) about to happen soon (paragraph 2)
(b) realised (paragraph 6)

Answer:
(a) impending
(b) dawned upon her

Unseen Passage For Class 11th

2. Read the passage given below.

1. White House security entrance at 2:15 PM on Tuesday, October 17: There are six Indians in immaculate sherwanis that the secret service is trying to clear through by matching their passports or drivers’ licences to the information they have on their computers. Four clear and two have problems. One of them is me. The problem is my passport has no last name. Even though I have met with candidate Trump, President-Elect Trump, and then President Trump, at least a dozen times, it’s never been at the White House.

2. Diwali at the White House was scheduled to begin at 3:15 pm. For 30 minutes four different White House officials tried to get me cleared, but these secret service guys refused to break the protocol no matter who the visitor. It is 3:00 PM now. Finally, seeing no solution in sight the Secret Service offer a way out – I could go in as long as I am escorted by an official all the time. Three members of our group of six had already gone in, and finally the rest of us dash to the Roosevelt room, right next to the Oval Office. Just in time at 3:30 pm.

3. There were a total of 26 guests, most of them currently working for the Trump administration such as Nikki Haley, Seema Verma, Ajit Pai, Raj Shah, Vanilla Singh, along with six members of the Republican Hindu Coalition (RHC) that had played a major role in the election of President Trump. I am the RHC India Ambassador.

4. After a 10-minute wait in the Roosevelt room, all 26 of us line up in the Oval Office. President Trump walks in, and comes over to us, the Kumar family which includes my dad Shalabh “Shalli” Kumar, his son Vikram Aditya Kumar and of course me.

5. The President then proceeded to read his statement and light the diya with Nikki Haley and Seema Verma to his right and Shalabh Kumar and me to his left. (The writer is the RHC India Ambassador and winner of the Times of India Femina Miss India contest in 2010.)

Unseen Passage For Class 11 Factual Cbse With Answers

2.1 On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer the following questions by choosing the best of the given choices.

Question (a)
The crisis the author describes in the opening paragraph in that the author and five other Indians
(i) do not have valid passports.
(ii) are not suitably dressed.
(iii) the information on their documents does not match with the information US security officials have.
(iv) they are late for the function.

Answer:
(iii) the information on their documents does not match with the information US security officials have.

Question (b)
Finally, the white House security officials allowed the author to enter the White House if

(i) she could prove that she had met President Trump several times earlier.
(ii) she went in without a camera or a microphone.
(iii) a security officer remained with her all the time.
(iv) her father Shalabh Kumar took guarantee of her behaviour.
Answer:
(iii) a security officer remained with her all the time.

Question (c)
The author was part of the 26 member team that celebrated Diwali with President trump
because she

(i) belonged to the Kumar family.
(ii) was the Ambassador of RHC.
(iii) Neither of these
(iv) both of these
Answer:
(iv) both of these

Question (d)
The Diwali celebrations were held
(i) on the lawns of the White House,
(ii) in the Roosevelt Room.
(iii) in the Oval Office.
(iv) in President Trump’s drawing-room.
Answer:
(iii) in the Oval Office.

Question (e)
‘Scheduled’ in para 2 means ……………………….
(i) arranged
(ii) decided
(iii) looked after
(iv) stationary
Answer:
(i) arranged

Question (f)
‘Dash’ in para 2 means ………………………
(i) reach on time
(ii) rush
(iii) wait
(iv) play colour
Answer:
True

Unseen Passage For Class 11 With Answers

2.2 Answer the following.

(a) The author’s problem was that her ……………… had no last name.
(b) After a 10-minute wait in the ………………. Room, all 26 of the guests lined up in the Oval
Office.
(c) Diwali at the White House was scheduled to start at 3:15 pm. [True/False]
(d) Six members of the Republican Hindu Coalition played a major role in the election of President Trump. [True/False]

Answer:
(a) passport
(b) Roosevelt
(c) False
(d) True

2.3 Find words that have meanings similar to these:

(a) extremely clean and tidy (paragraph 1)
(b) accompanied (paragraph 2)

Answer:
(a) immaculate
(b) escorted

3. Read the passage given below.

1. Delhi tried very hard but it wasn’t enough. In the run-up to D-Day, the sound of firecrackers had not been heard. The Supreme Court ban on sales had made procuring them difficult, but many people, including school children, had resolved to buck tradition for clean air. And till 7 pm on Diwali, most neighbourhoods were quiet. Around that time the first sound of firecrackers going off was heard, and gradually it rose to a crescendo. But it was nowhere near the blitzkrieg of the past, not even half of that. And well before midnight, it was all over.

2. The bad news broke at dawn. It was a visibly smoggy morning. Air pollution levels had peaked to “severe” on Diwali night and remained dangerously high till Friday afternoon as reflected in the real-time monitoring data of Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC).

3. The CPCB, however, pointed out a silver lining. It said the air quality index (AQI) this year was better than the ones on Diwali in the past two years in spite of hostile meteorological conditions. On Diwali last year (October 30, 2016), the average AQI for the city was in the “severe” category at 426 while the year before that (November 11, 2015), it had been in the “very poor” category at 327. This time, it was marginally lower at 326.

4. There are so many factors impacting air quality – from the speed and direction of the wind to burning of crop stubble in neighbouring states – that it is difficult to definitively identify the main culprit. What, however, has to be acknowledged is that at least a majority of people have the will to stick to what may appear to be unpalatable decisions for better quality of life.

5 The data, however, is making informed observers worry-particularly the massive peaks in PM (Particulate Matter) 2.5 (fine, respirable pollution particles) and PM 10 (coarse pollution particles) levels on Thursday night after 10 pm. Delhi peaked to 656 micrograms per cubic metres around midnight.

6 However, the data also shows that in spite of unfavourable meteorological conditions, the air quality on Diwali this year was better than last year. It had not been so good in the two days preceding Diwali due to intrusion of humid air from the south-east coupled with prevailing calm wind conditions. The average mixing height (the height to which smoke or air will rise, mix and disperse) recorded on October 18 and 19 were 547 metres and 481 metres, respectively, according to CPCB. It should be at least 1000 metres for proper dispersal.

3.1 On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer the following questions by choosing the best of the given choices.

Question (a)
In the run-up to D-Day, the sound of firecrackers had not been heard because the
(i) Supreme Court banned the sales of firecrackers.
(ii) children resolved to back tradition for clean air.
(iii) neighbourhoods did not like the sound of firecrackers.
(iv) children were afraid of the sound of firecrackers.
Answer:
(i) the Supreme Court banned the sales of firecrackers

Question (b)
The ‘bad news’ that broke at dawn was that
(i) there was smog in the sky.
(ii) the air pollution levels were dangerously high.
(iii) CPCB released real time figures that were alarming.
(iv) All of the above.
Answer:
(iv) All the above

Question (c)
The AQI levels after Diwali this year were
(i) the same as in other years.
(ii) higher than other years.
(iii) lower than other years.
(iv) could not be ascertained.
Answer:
(iii) lower than other years

Question (d)
There will be no air pollution if
(i) school children do not burst crackers on Diwali.
(ii) there is a strong wind on Diwali night.
(iii) if the motor vehicles do not run on Diwali.
(iv) None of the above.
Answer:
(iv) None of the above.

Question (e)
‘Crescendo’ in para 1 means
(i) to happen successfully
(ii) an increase in intensity
(iii) better quality of life
(iv) metrological conditions
Answer:
(ii) an increase in intensity

Question (f)
unpalatable in para 4 means
(i) 6,000 metres for proper dispersal
(ii) feeling happy
(iii) dispersal
(iv) not pleasant
Answer:
(iv) not pleasant

3.2 Answer the following.

(a) The massive peaks in PM (Particulate Matter) 2.5 and PM 10 (coarse pollution particles) on
the Diwali day made the observers worried. [True/False]
(b) Despite the Supreme Court ban on the sale of firecrackers, many people including school
children were adamant to burst firecrackers on the Diwali Day. [True/False]
(c) In the run-up to D-Day in Delhi the sound of firecrackers gradually rose to a ………………….
(d) Delhi peaked to 656 …………………. per cubic metres around midnight.

Answer:
(a) True
(b) False
(c) crescendo
(d) micrograms

3.3 Find words from the passage which have a meaning similar to the following.

(a) unfavourable (paragraph 3)
(b) influencing (paragraph 4)

Answer:
(a) hostile
(b) impacting

(b) Descriptions Factual description may be of events, places, traditions, people, activities, animals, happenings, inventions and discoveries, etc. Through description, sometimes, underlying values are explored and sometimes an aspect of life is highlighted. These passages are easy to understand.

4. Read the passage given below.

1. In six months, road users in Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal, have learned to cringe at using the car horn unnecessarily. “I feel embarrassed now when I occasionally blow the horn,” said Rajaram Dangal, a hotel manager. “I feel like people are staring at me from all around.” Clearly, the traffic police’s slogan of “Let’s be civilised, let’s not use the horn” is working.

2. Making Dangal give up his instinctive action at the wheel has not been easy. Like in most old South Asian cities, horns seem a matter of life and death in Kathmandu, with its narrow, congested, pot holed roads. Pedestrians-and animals-cross the roads at will. There are no traffic lights and road dividers. And yet today, you only hear a few stray beeps on the street. Even these sound tentative and have none of the aggressive, let-me-through tone that you find in, say, Delhi.

3 The induction of a no-nonsense officer to head the traffic police, a ban on horns, strict vigilance, a fine of ? 500 (? 315 in Indian currency) and threat of public ignominy have brought a degree of silence on the noisy streets. Noise pollution had reached unhealthy highs in the Nepalese capital.

4. After clamping down on honking, 15,500 people have been hauled up. Sarbendra Khanal, traffic police chief, said this was achieved despite the cops having no mechanical device to pinpoint the horn sound.

5. And yet, the quietude of sorts is holding out.” “It’s early days still, but I feel mindsets are changing,” Khanal was optimistic. The government’s intent to change the street ambience was enunciated in no less than Khanal’s selection to head the traffic police soon after the announcement of the ban. What did DIG Khanal bring to the table? He has little traffic experience. Rather, the officer has a reputation as an “encounter specialist”, having crushed 109 criminal outfits in the Terai.

6. It isn’t difficult to extrapolate Khanal’s renown as a tough cop to the willingness of the people to fall in line. Roads are dense with motorcycles since car prices are prohibitive there.

7. Reining in these weaving, wailing two wheelers was the biggest challenge for Khanal and his team. However, it isn’t all baton and threats. There is a continuing awareness drive, which to date has included 9,400 roadside gatherings, 1,230 sessions with bus and truck drivers and 1,680 visits to schools and colleges. The results are there to see or rather hear.

8 The success has proved that tough measures can be implemented.

4.1 On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer the following questions by choosing the best of the given choices.

Question (a)
The traffic police in Kathmandu
(i) has linked not blowing car horns to being civilized.
(ii) made strict rules against blowing horns.
(iii) has used multi-pronged strategy for controlling horn blowing by car drivers.
(iv) All of the above
Answer:
(iv) All of the above

Question (b)
Not blowing horns on the streets of Kathmandu is a matter of life and death because
(i) it could lead to accidents.
(ii) the roads are narrow.
(iii) there are no road dividers.
(iv) None of these.
Answer:
(i) it could lead to accidents

Question (c)
That the people of Kathmandu are not blowing car horns shows that
(i) they are law abiding.
(ii) the strategy of strictness combined with educating the public has been successful.
(iii) the police chef’s reputation as an encounter specialist is justified;
(iv) All of the above.
Answer:
(ii) the strategy of strictness combined with educating the public has been successful.

Question (d)
Sarbendra Khanal was chosen to be the chief of traffic police in Kathmandu because
(i) he had experience in controlling traffic.
(ii) he was an encounter specialist.
(iii) he was popular among people.
(iv) he was a no-nonsense officer
Answer:
(iv) he was a no-nonsense officer

Question (e)
‘Extrapolate’ in para 6 means
(i) estimate
(ii) make known
(iii) cringe at the car horn
(iv) alert the pedestrians
Answer:
(i) estimate

Question (f)
‘Reining’ in para 7 means
(i) a lot of traffic
(ii) controlling
(iii) tough measures
(iv) intent to change
Answer:
(ii) controlling

4.2 Answer the following.

(a) Noise pollution had reached highs in the Nepalese capital.
(b) Roads are dense with motorcycles because car prices are there.
(c) The traffic police’s slogan was, “Let’s be civilised, let’s not use the horn.” [True/False]
(d) Khanal was a pessimistic, non-nonsense officer to head the traffic police in Kathmandu. [True/False]
Answer:
(a) unhealthy
(b) prohibitive
(c) True
(d) False

4.3 Find words from the passage which have a meaning similar to these:

(a) controlling (paragraph 6)
(b) short stick used by policemen, sportspersons (paragraph 7)
Answer:
(a) reining in
(b) baton

5. Read the following passage carefully.

1. Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, the eleventh president of India, was a great scientist, teacher and writer. He had written many books like ‘Ignited Minds,’ ‘India 2020,’ ‘Mission India’ and ‘Wings of Fire’. He was a source of inspiration for the young and old alike. Here is an extract from ‘Wings of Fire’ which depicts his early life in his own words.

2. My parents, Jainulabdeen and Ashiamma were widely regarded as an ideal couple. My mother’s lineage was the more distinguished, one of her forebears having been bestowed the title of ‘BAHUDUR’ by the British. I normally ate with my mother, sitting on the floor of the kitchen. She would place a banana leaf before me, on which she had ladled rice and aromatic sambhar, a variety of sharp home-made pickles and a dollop of fresh coconut chutney.

3. The famous Shiva temple, which made Rameshwaram so sacred to pilgrims was about a ten- minute walk from our house. Our locality was predominantly Muslim, but there were quite a few Hindu families too, living amicably with their Muslim neighbours. There was a very old mosque in our locality where my father would take me for evening prayers. I had not the faintest idea of the meaning of the Arabic prayers chanted, but I was totally convinced that they reached God. When my father came out of the mosque after the prayers, people of different religions would be sitting outside, waiting for him. Many of them offered bowls of water to my father who would dip his fingers in them and say a prayer. This water was then carried home for invalids. I also remember people visiting our home to offer thanks after being cured. My father always smiled and asked them to thank Allah, the benevolent and merciful.

4. The high priest of Rameswaram Temple, Pakshi Lakshmana, was a very ‘close friend of my father. One of the most vivid memories of my childhood is of the two men, each in his traditional attire, discussing spiritual matters.

5. When I was old enough to ask questions I asked my father about the relevance of prayer. “When you pray” he said “you transcend your body and become a part of the cosmos which knows no division of wealth, age, caste or creed”.

5.1 Answer the following questions by choosing the most appropriate option from the given ones:

Question (a)
In early childhood, Abdul Kalam sang Arabic prayers because he
(i) had no idea about their message
(ii) his father would take him to old mosque
(iii) was sure that prayers reached God
(iv) was keen to learn them by heart
Answer:
(ii) his father would take him to old mosque

Question (b)
Abdul Kalam lived in an area where
(i) Muslims were in minority
(ii) Hindus were in a majority
(iii) Muslims and Hindus has hostility for one another
(iv) Muslims and Hindus lived in a friendly manner
Answer:
(iv) Muslims and Hindus lived in a friendly manner

Question (c)
………………… in traditional dress discussed spiritual matters with Pakshi Lakshmana.
(i) The high priest of Rameswaram Temple
(ii) Abdul Kalam’s father
(iii) Abdul Kalam
(iv) A very close friend of Kalam’s father
Answer:
(ii) Abdul Kalam’s father

Question (d)
Why, according to Jainulabdeen, were prayers important?
(i) Made one free from division of wealth.
(ii) Made one aware about one’s body and its limitation.
(iii) Made one wise enough to discuss spiritual matters.
(iv) They are recited in an old mosque.
Answer:
(i) Made one free from division of wealth.

Question (e)
‘Convinced’ in para 3 means …………………
(i) undoubtedly
(ii) completely sure
(iii) sacred
(iv) amicably
Answer:
(ii) completely sure

Question (f)
‘Attire’ in para 4 means …………………
(i) cosmos
(ii) clothes
(iii) creed
(iv) caste
Answer:
(ii) completely sure

5.2 Answer the following.

(a) Abdul Kalam’s father was a close friend of ……………….
(b) Abdul Kalam was the ………………. President of India.
(c) The Muslims offered their prayers in the Rameshwaram Temple. [True/False]
(d) Abdul Kalam wrote ‘Wings of Fire’ that depicts his early life in his own words. [True/False]
Answer:
(a) Pakshi Lakshmana
(b) eleventh
(c) False
(d) True

5.3 Find the words/phrases from the passage which mean the same as:

(a) member of family in the past (para 2)
(b) To rise above or go beyond the normal limits (para 5)
Answer:
(a) forbear
(b) transcend Read the passage given below.

6. Read the Passage given below.

1. Computers are capable of doing extremely complicated work in all branches of learning. They can solve the most complex mathematical problems or put thousand unrelated data in order. These machines can be put to varied uses. For instance, they can provide information on the best way to prevent traffic accidents. They work accurately and at high speed.

2. They save research workers’ years of hard work. This whole process by which machines can be used to work for us has been called ‘automation’. In future automation may enable human beings to enjoy more leisure than they do today. The coming of automation is bound to have important social consequences.

3. Some years ago, an expert on automation, Sir Leon Bagrit pointed out that it was a mistake to believe that these machines could think. There is no possibility that human beings will be controlled by machines. Though computers are capable of learning from their mistakes and improving on their performances, they need detailed instructions from human beings to be able to operate. They can never lead independent lives or rule the world by taking decisions of their own.

4. Sir Leon said that in future, computers would be developed which would be small enough to be carried in one’s pocket. Ordinary people would then be able to use them to obtain valuable information. Computers could be plugged into a wireless network and can be used like radios. For instance, people, going on holiday, could be informed about weather conditions. Car drivers can be given an alternative route, when there is a traffic jam. It will also be possible to make tiny translating machines. This will enable people, who do not share a common language, to talk to each other without any difficulty or to read foreign publications.

5. It is impossible to assess the importance of a machine of this sort, for many international misunderstandings are caused simply due to our failure to understand each other. Computers will also be used in ordinary public hospitals. By providing a machine with a patient’s systems, a doctor will be able to diagnose the nature of his illness. Similarly, machines could be used to keep a check on a patient’s health record and bring it up to date. Doctors will, therefore, have immediate access to great many facts which will help them in their work. Bookkeepers and accountants too could be relieved of dull clerical work. For the tedious task of compiling and checking lists of figures could be done entirely by machines. Computers are the most efficient servant man has ever had and there is no limit to the way they can be used to improve our lives.

6.1 Answer the following questions by choosing the most appropriate options:

Question (a)
Write out the correct option:
(i) There is no possibility that human beings can be on their own with no need of machines.
(ii) Human beings are likely to be controlled by machines one day.
(iii) There is no possibility that human beings will ever be controlled by machines.
(iv) Machines can replace humans.
Answer:
(iii) There is no possibility that human beings will ever be controlled by machines.

Question (b)
Write out the correct option:
(i) Computers can solve only certain mathematical problems.
(ii) Computers can’t solve any mathematical problems.
(iii) Computers can solve the most complex mathematical problems.
(iv) Computers can solve only simple mathematical problems.
Answer:
(iii) Computers can solve the most complex mathematical problems.

Question (c)
Computers can be used to
(i) to find treatment for the pateint’s illness.
(ii) to prescribe a medicine for the patient.
(iii) to diagnose the nature of patient’s illness.
(iv) to keep the patient in good mood.
Answer:
(iii) to diagnose the nature of patient’s illness.

Question (d)
Many international misunderstandings are caused due to our failure to understand
(i) ourselves.
(ii) other nations.
(iii) our friends.
(iv) each other.
Answer:
(iv) each other.

Question (e)
The antonym of the word ‘complicated’ is
(i) difficult
(ii) simple
(iii) easy
(iv) strange
Answer:
(ii) simple

Question (f)
The verb form of the word ‘alternative’ is
(i) alternate
(ii) alter
(iii) late
(iv) elate
Answer:
(i) alternate

6.2 Answer the following.

(a) In future, ………………… may enable human beings to enjoy more leisure than they do today.
(b) Sir Leon Bagrit said that in future, ………………. would be developed which would be small enough to be carried in one’s pocket.
(c) Computers are capable of doing extremely complicated work in all branches of learning. [True/False]
(d) Computers are the most inefficient servant that man has ever had. [True/False]
Answer:
(a) automation
(b) computers
(c) True
(d) False

6.3 Find the synonyms of the following words from the passage.

(a) results (para 2)
(b) monotonous (para 5)
Answer:
(a) consequences
(b) dull

7. Read the passage given below:

1. Delhi has grown into a city that shuns children. It is now an urban sprawl, its development model skewed in favour of motorised traffic and commercial capitalization. This has snatched play fields from kids. With vehicles both stationary and on the move occupying every inch of space available, the roads and even lanes and bylanes are out of bounds for the little ones unlike in American and European cities, there are few public spaces where one can hang out. No wonder, our children spend a lot of time indoors, glued to the TV, PC or mobile screens. ‘It’s time,’ urban planning experts say, ‘to reconsider Delhi’s growth with the welfare of its children in mind.’

2. Supreme Court Judge Kurian Joseph expressed his anguish at the shrinking playing space for children in Delhi. The condition of the parks in the city, he said in the letter, was a “serious violation of human rights of children” as it was “their right in their tender times to have a decent environment to play and frolic around.”

3. Kuldeep Singh, an architect and urban planner, who worked with DDA during 1956-57 to bring out Delhi’s first master plan, explained how initially children’s needs were the town planner’s priority. “Space standards were set very rationally, and in every neighbourhood, a huge open space was reserved for children which we called ‘tot-lots’. “This was the place where we thought children would get a space to play and mingle with each other and we kept it away from roads,” recalled Singh. However, due to administrative reasons, the idea of ‘tot-lots’ had to be dropped and regrettably, was never entertained again.

4. “Over the years, circumstances have changed and people are reluctant to let their children go out without some kind of security, as a result of which the children are now suffering.” says Mr. Singh. Before it’s too late, Mr. Singh hopes the few open spaces for kids are restored and protected from vehicles looking for parking lots. Another urban planning expert says the first rectification Delhi’s development model needs to carry out is to ensure mobility of children.

5. “Two thousand pedestrians die on Delhi’s roads every year of which several are children. There may not be a dearth of green spaces in Delhi, the city has a unique advantage on that front but kids have no safe means to reach their places independently,” says Manjit Rastogi, founder of architecture firm Morphogenesis. “It is catastrophic to learn about child mortality on Delhi’s roads, but, on the other hand, you have the tragedy of kids being confined to their homes,” points out Mr. Rastogi. “From a city of cars, Delhi needs to become a city of pedes trians where children can enjoy and identify themselves with their surroundings,” he adds.

6. Developing public spaces with colourful street furniture, swings, art instalations, etc., could draw in kids and bring them out of their homes. DDA officials say their focus is on balanced development of the city, which takes into account children’s recreational needs. “DDA is working on new policies like Transit Oriented Development which have sufficient provisions for taking care of pedestrians and movement of children and women safely. Their policies will guide the future development of the city,” said Neemo Dhar, Spokesperson, DDA

7.1 Select the correct option from the ones given below.

(a) The verb form of ‘priority’ is
(i) prior
(ii) priosy
(iii) prioritize
(iv) None
Answer:
(iii) prioritize

Question (b)
The phrasal verb ‘draw in’ means
(i) put in
(ii) draw a picture
(iii) draw a match
(iv) to persuade to join or entice
Answer:
(iv) to persuade to join or entice

Question (c)
The passage suggests that
(i) Delhi kids enjoy sitting in front of TV
(ii) Delhi has taken care of recreational needs of the kids
(iii) seveval children die on roads in Delhi
(iv) motorists are not favoured by the city planners
Answer:
(iii) seveval children die on roads in Delhi

Question (d)
Which of the following does not support the statement ‘Delhi shuns children’?
(i) Delhi’s development model is skewed in favour of motorised traffic.
(ii) Delhi kids have been deprived of play fields.
(iii) The few public places where children can hang out are not safe to reach.
(iv) DDA is working on Transit Oriented Development.
Answer:
(iv) DDA is working on Transit Oriented Development.

Question (e)
Which of the following statements is true?
(i) In past, children’s needs were a priority for city planners.
(ii) Delhi has an acute shortage of green spaces.
(iii) It is surprising that children spend much of their time in front of TV.
(iv) American and European cities don’t have many public spaces where children can hang out.
Answer:
(i) In past, children’s needs were a priority for city planners.

Question (f)
To …………… is the human right of children.
(i) have a good environment to play and enjoy
(ii) sit in front of TV screen
(iii) use a mobile phone
(iv) remain indoors
Answer:
(i) have a good environment to play and enjoy

7.2 Answer the following.

(a) Delhi is now an urban sprawl, its development model skewed in favour of motorised traffic
and capitalization. [True/False]
(b) Delhi’s first master plan explained how initially women’s needs were the town planner’s
priority. [IFue/False]
(c) According to urban planners it is time to reconsider Delhi’s growth with the ………………. of its children in mind.
(d) The TOD (Transit-Oriented Development) has sufficient ………………… for taking care of pedestrians and movement of children and women safely.
Answer:
(a) True
(b) False
(c) welfare
(d) provisions

7.3 Find the words/phrases in the passage which mean the same as:

(a) mix
(b) correction or amendment
Answer:
(a) mingle
(b) rectification

8. Read the passage given below:

1. Life on our planet earth began with the sea; it is the birth place of life on the earth. The earth is the only planet of our solar system so far known which contains plenty of water and this water has made our earth colourful, pulsating with life of a vast variety.

2. At present sea occupies about 70 per cent of the earth’s surface. In the southern hemisphere it occupies more area than that in the northern. About 97% of the total water on the surface of the earth is found in the seas and the remaining three per cent, which is generally fresh, in lakes, rivers, ponds, etc.

3. Sea has given food and shelter to countless creatures. It is a potential source of protein. In 1900 the world was only 150 crore, now it is more than 560 crore and is increasing at a very fast rate. As a result, there is a terrible hunger in many parts of the world. In Africa, Asia and South America, millions of people do not get enough to eat. Many die of malnutrition. Sea, if used scientifically and judiciously, can meet most of our demands.

4. Plankton or algae mostly constitutes the plant life. Like plant plankton there are also animal plankton; the smallest living creature in the sea. These animal plankton feed on plant plankton and small fish. Thus, there is an unbroken chain of life in the sea.

5. Arctic and Antarctic seas abound in plankton and algae and so in fish also. Blue whales, the largest living creatures of the world, are also found here in great number.

6. Some countries have developed sea farming to a great extent. The Japanese and the Hawaiians relish eating sea plants but it is not so in other countries though some use them to feed their cattle or as manure in their fields. The fact is that sea plants contain rich nutrients not found in other vegetarian food. It is good that even in our country some scientists have developed some recipes for curries, jams, etc. to be made from algae.

7. But we must remember one thing that sea is not to be exploited immediately. For example, man in his greed has hunted whales and some other sea creatures so recklessly that some of their species have either become extinct or are on the verge of extinction. Now, nations of the world have realised their folly and have taken some joint decisions. For example, one such decision is that the size of the holes in fishing nets should be big enough to let baby fish escape through. Otherwise, killing of large quantities of very young fish would have an adverse effect on the fish population. In the same way another decision is for the protection of the blue whales.

8.1 Choose the most appropriate options:

Question (a)
Write out the correct option:
(i) Sky is the birth place of life on the earth.
(ii) Moon is the birth place of life on the earth.
(iii) Sea is the birth place of life on the earth.
(iv) Land is the birth place of life on the earth.
Answer:
(iii) Sea is the birth place of life on the earth.

Question (b)
Plankton or algae mostly constitutes:
(i) the wild life
(ii) the human life
(iii) the sea life
(iv) the plant life
Answer:
(iv) the plant life

Question (c)
The size of the holes in fishing nets should be big enough to let:
(i) big fish stay in
(ii) water flow out
(iii) baby fish escape through
(iv) more fish and water enter
Answer:
(iii) baby fish escape through

Question (d)
Sea plants contain rich nutrient not found in:
(i) other plants
(ii) other vegetarian food
(iii) non-vegetarian food
(iv) milk and milk products
Answer:
(ii) other vegetarian food

Question (e)
The antonym of ‘plenty’ is:
(i) little
(ii) inadequate
(iii) scarcity
(iv) minimal
Answer:
(iii) scarcity

Question (f)
The antonym of ‘active’ is
(i) plant plankton
(ii) vegetarian food
(iii) blue whales
(iv) extinct
Answer:
(iv) extinct

8.2 Answer the following.

(a) The earth is the only planet of our solar system that contains plenty of …………………
(b) …………………. is the largest living creature of the world.
(c) Arctic and Antarctic seas abound in plant and algae. [True/False]
(d) The animal plankton is the biggest living creature in the sea. [True/False]
Answer:
(a) water
(b) The blue whale
(c) True
(d) False

8.3 Find a word from the passage which means the same as the following:

(a) wisely (para 3)
(b) unfavourable (para 7)
Answer:
(a) judiciously
(b) adverse

Discursive writing expresses opinions. It can be argumentative, i.e. may give reasons, explanations, or explore cause and effect relationship. Passages of this kind are analytical. Sometimes the author presents his views with great depth of reasoning or force of argument with the intention of convincing the reader to his point of view. Such texts have great persuasive power.

This grammar section explains English Grammar in a clear and simple way. There are example sentences to show how the language is used. Students can also read NCERT Solutions for Class 11 English to get good marks in CBSE Board Exams. https://ncertmcq.com/unseen-passage-for-class-11-discursive/

Unseen Passage For Class 11 Discursive CBSE With Answers

(a) Argumentative

Unseen Passage For Class 11 With Mcqs

1. Read the passage given below.

1. Although pollution of land, sea, and air has been well documented, the latest and the least recognised version is the swelling tide of noise which is engulfing urban as well as rural areas. This has long-term implications on the ecology, health, and productivity of a fast developing country like India.

2. Unlike other pollutants, noise lacks visibility, seldom registering on the consciousness, except as a trifling irritant to be dismissed at will and therefore less likely to be perceived as a threat. Available data indicate that noise does pose a threat to health and is known to have caused a number of complications. Declining productivity among workers in certain industries has been directly correlated with noise levels, particularly those under constant exposure to the menace.

3. The first-ever survey of the impact of noise on health, conducted by All India Institute of Medical Sciences, has established that noise not only impairs the physical and psychological functioning of the human organism but also causes nausea, vomiting, pain, hypertension, and a lot of other complications, including cardio-vascular complaints.

4. A study by Post Graduate School of Basic Medical Sciences, in Chennai, confirms such conclusions. In 50 percent of industries, it was found that workmen exposed to higher intensities of noise in occupational capacities, were often irritated, short-tempered, and impatient and more likely to resort to agitation and disrupt production. This was true of units in heavy industrial pockets in and around the four metropolitan centres.

5. Recreational noise, another ugly facet, is becoming more widespread in cities and towns.
Loudspeakers are turned at full volume during marriages, festivals, jagrans, musical programmes, particularly at night, without the least consideration for others. Even at 50 dB, sound can awaken a person from a deep slumber. As experiments have shown, loudspeakers with output from 60 to 80 dB cause the pupils of a slumbering person to dilate, with increasing intake of oxygen, resulting in palpitation. The effect is more pronounced in narrow lanes. TV sets are played at full volume at prime time, invariably disturbing neighbours. Noise making seems to have become the latest status symbol, be it an election campaign or slogan shouting or advertising ownership of a TV set.

Unseen Passage Class 11

1.1 On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer the following questions by choosing the best of the given choices.

Question (a)
What is the difference between noise and other pollutants?
(i) Noise is not resented.
(ii) Noise is regarded as a small irritant and dismissed.
(iii) People are not aware of noise as a pollutant.
(iv) Noise can be found in rural as well as urban areas.
Answer:
(ii) Noise is regarded as a small irritant and dismissed.

Question (b)
What are the diseases connected with the impact of noise?
(i) hypertension and cardio-vascular problems.
(ii) nausea, vomiting, pain.
(iii) impaired physical and psychological functioning.
(iv) all of the above.
Answer:
(iv) all of the above.

Question (c)
Recreational noise is created during
(i) public speeches.
(ii) revelries and excursions.
(iii) sports’ events.
(iv) weddings, festivals and jagrans at night.
Answer:
(iv) weddings, festivals and jagrans at night.

Question (d)
In what way can creating noise be considered a status symbol?
(i) by playing loud music.
(ii) by showing off one’s TV with a loud sound.
(iii) by making speeches.
(iv) by talking loudly.
Answer:
(ii) by showing off one’s TV with a loud sound.

Question (e)
Invariably in paragraph 5 means
(i) often.
(ii) sometimes.
(iii) almost always.
(iv) rarely.
Answer:
(iii) almost always.

Question (f)
Engulfing in paragraph 1 means
(i) completely drown.
(ii) surrounded.
(iii) covered.
(iv) divided by a gulf.
Answer:
(ii) surrounded.

Unseen Passage For Class 11

1.2 Answer the following.

(a) The swelling tide of noise pollution has long-term implications on the , health
and productivity of a fast developing country like India.
(b) Noise not only impairs the physical and functioning of the human organism, but also causes nausea and hypertension and other complications.
(c) Loudspeakers with output from 60 to 80 dB causes the pupils to dilate, with increasing intake of oxygen, resulting in palpitation. [True/False]
(d) TV sets played at full volume at prime time, invariably entertain neighbours. [True/False]
Answer:
(a) ecology
(b) psychological
(c) True
(d) False

1.3 (a) Find a word which means the same as ‘recorded’ (para 1).
(b) Find a word which means the same as ‘high blood pressure’ (para 3).
Answer:
(a) documented
(b) hypertension

2. Read the passage given below.

1. The Hangul deer or the Kashmiri stag is a species of red deer. The Hangul is one of the most famous animals of Jammu and Kashmir. It inhabits the dense forests of the state. Striking in appearance, the Hangul derives its name from ‘han’ which is the local name for the horse chestnut tree, the fruit of which the deer feed on.

2. Scientifically known as Cervuselaphus hanglu, Hangul is the only surviving race of the red deer family of Europe in the sub – continent. The Hangul deer’s coat is brown with slight speckles and each of its antlers consists of five points.

3. Much at home in the forest, the deer can be seen in the lower valleys of Dachigam National Park on the foothills of the Zabarwan range on the outskirts of Srinagar for most parts of the year, though a greater number of their species can be seen from October to March. Normally found in small groups of two to eighteen, Hanguls use the forests of the Dachigam Valley as an important feeding ground and move to the higher slopes to graze. Individual stags are more likely to be seen feeding on the hill slopes. They move about quite a lot from one area to another in their search for good forage. Hanguls eat various plants such as Fraximushockeri, Jasminum humile, Hemerocallisfulva and perennial herbs, depending on the season.

4. In March and April, the stags shed their antlers and begin moving up the mountains to the alpine meadows and pine forests of Upper Dachigam between 2500 to 3500 metres. They return to the lower valley in September, by when a new set of antlers begin to grow. The natural predators that attack Hanguls are leopards and Himalayan black bears.

5. In the past, Jammu and Kashmir had a large and vibrant population of Hangul deer. However, hunting and loss of habitat from deforestation and the building of dams has significantly curbed the wild population of Hangul deer. During the 1940s, their number was believed to be around 3,000 – 5,000. As per the latest census in 2008, only 160 are left. A captive breeding centre is planned to be commissioned at Shikargah, Tral in south Kashmir, for the captive breeding of Hangul, which will be eventually released in the wild.

6. In the last few years, the government has spent crores of rupees on different projects related to the conservation of Hangul in Jammu and Kashmir. A Habitat Research Study has been initiated in Kashmir in which satellite collaring of Hangul will be used in order to understand their movement patterns and habitat, both in and outside the Dachigam National Park. In addition, a massive improvement in conducting the census programme of Hangul has been undertaken whereby satellite telemetry and field cameras of high definition are being placed in the Park. Besides, an important research programme has been launched to study the relic population of Hangul outside Dachigam National Park in collaboration with the Wildlife Trust of India.

7. The strict enforcement of wildlife acts and the setting up of new initiatives are anticipated to replenish this highly endangered species.

2.1 Answer these questions briefly.

(i) What is the other name for the Hangul deer?
(ii) What makes the Hangul deer stand out from others of its species?
(iii) Why is the deer named so?
(iv) How is the deer’s habitat conducive to its existence?
(v) How does nature help prevent these stags from being preyed upon?
(vi) What are the factors which prevent the population of this species from growing?
Answer:
(i) Another name for the Hangul deer is the Kashmiri stag.

(ii) The Hangul deer stands out from others of its species in that it is the only surviving race of the red deer family of Europe in the Indian subcontinent.

(iii) The Hangul derives its name from the word ‘han’, which is the local name for the horse chestnut tree, the fruit of which the deer feed on.

(iv) The forests of the Dachigam valley are an important feeding ground for the Hangul, while the higher hill slopes provide grazing fields for them. Various plants such as the Fraximushockeri, Jasminum humile, Hemerocallisfulva and perennial herbs which the deer feed on grow in abundance in the forest, thus creating a suitable habitat for the Hangul.

(v) The natural migration pattern of the Hangul deer is such that they move up the mountains to the alpine meadows and pine forests of the Upper Dachigam around the same time as when they shed their antlers. They only return to the lower valley when a new set of antlers begin to grow. This prevents the Hangul deer from being preyed on by leopards and Himalayan black bears as it keeps them out of reach of these predators when they are defenseless without their antlers.

(vi) Hunting and loss of habitat from deforestation prevent the population of the Hangul deer from growing.

2.2 Choose the correct option.
(i) …………………………. is the scientific name of the Hangul deer.
a. Jasminum humile
b. Hemerocallisfulva
c. Cervuselaphus hanglu
d. Fraximushockeri
Answer:
c

(ii) The word …………………………., in paragraph 5, means the opposite of ‘free’.
a. captive
b. vibrant
c. curbed
d. deforestation
Answer:
a

(iii) The word “collaboration”, in paragraph 6, means ………………………….
a. calibration
b. partnership
c. initiated
d. none of the above
Answer:
b

(iv) Each of the Hangul deer’s antlers consists of …………………………. points.
a. three
b. four
c. five
d. two
Answer:
c

(v) The antonym for “dense” is:
a. heavily populated
b. sparse
c. abundant
d. inhibit
Answer:
b

(vi) The antonym for “conservation” is:
a. destruction
b. rehabilitation
c. civilization
d. creation
Answer:
a

3. Read the passage given below.

1. In the recent past, there has been a thought given to the several problems that the system of school education is facing. Starting with focus on the Delhi region, one of the first discussion points has been to find ways to bring the lakhs of children who have so far been denied education into a workable school system. A further aspect of the same problem is to ensure minimum dropout rate in school children (particularly girls). In Delhi, this has reached alarming proportions. Finding solutions for Delhi will help other areas as well.

2. A tool called ‘learning style inventory’ was used; it addressed to know how information of skills are learnt, which factor makes an individual comfortable with learning skills or acquiring declarative knowledge. Different answers emerged. In dealing with factual knowledge some people liked to experience first, others to observe, yet others to experiment and still some who preferred to plunge into learning, leaving analysis for later.

3. It then became easy to discover which of the attributes made for better learning for an individual. The learning situation will benefit by understanding these differences. Two major processes cover most people’s learning styles. These are as follows: Information gathering process and process of transforming information. The continuance of information gathering is bound by people who gather information through experiences at one end and by those who gather information through reading/listening, on the other. The continuance of transformation of information is bound by people who internalise through watching/observing, on the one hand, and by those who learn while applying knowledge and doing something with it, on the other. Others fall somewhere in between. All this has a bearing at school because children too have similar learning styles on these two axes.

4. There are four types of learners. Firstly, there are children who will absorb facts through experiences. They will readily share their thoughts with others. The second type of learners will take unrelated facts and tiy to seek order in them in using independent judgement. They will prefer to be exact in their knowledge and correctly apply as per their understanding. The next type of learner is the pragmatist. They use their abilities to problem solving. Such person – is a useful type to function in a group. The fourth type of learner belongs to the world of action. Everything is brought down to the level of concrete observation and doing.

5. With some awareness of how children react in different ways, teachers may find effective
methods of teaching.

3.1 On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer the following questions by choosing the best of the given choices.

Question (a)
Mention two major problems that the system of school education is facing.
(i) Enrolling children in school, promoting girls’ education.
(ii) Preventing dropping out, providing text books.
(iii) Enrolling children, preventing dropping out.
(iv) Providing school buildings, giving textbooks.
Answer:
(iii) Enrolling children, preventing dropping out.

Question (b)
What are the two main uses of learning style inventory?
(i) to know how information of skills are learnt and which factors lead to learning comfortably.
(ii) factual knowledge and experience.
(iii) analysis and observation.
(iv) experiment and hands-on learning.
Answer:
(iv) experiment and hands-on learning.

Question (c)
Information can be gathered
(i) through experience, reading and listening.
(ii) through applying knowledge.
(iii) through observing.
(iv) through doing something with knowledge.
Answer:
(i) through experience, reading and listening.

Question (d)
Which type of a learner tries to be exact in his knowledge and apply it correctly?
(i) First
(ii) Second
(iii) Third
(iv) Fourth
Answer:
(ii) Second

Question (e)
Addressed to in paragraph 2 means
(i) directed towards
(ii) send to
(iii) delivered a speech
(iv) ready to
Answer:
(i) directed towards

Question (f)
Factual in paragraph 2 is the opposite of
(i) based on experience.
(ii) told by knowledgeable people.
(iii) fanciful.
(iv) found in books.
Answer:
(iii) fanciful.

3.2 Answer the following.

(a) ‘Learning style inventory’ is addressed to know how information of skills is learnt. [True/False]
(b) The pragmatist type of learners are not capable of problem-solving. [True/False]
(c) The continuance of information gathering is bound by people who gather information through at one end and by those who gather information through reading/
listening, on the other.
(d) The transformation of information is achieved by through observation
and applying knowledge.
Answer:
(a) True
(b) False
(c) experiences
(d) internalising

3.3 (a) Find a word which means the same as ‘qualities or features, especially one that is considered good’ (para 3).
(b) Find a word which means the same as ‘producing a successful result’ (para 5).
Answer:
(a) attributes
(b) effective

4. Read the passage given below.

1. In the days gone by, heroes emerged when wars broke out and messiahs appeared when decadence overtook societies. Through the centuries, adversities have inspired people to rise to the occasion and display special skills which have earned them the label of a leader.

2. The driving force behind a leader’s actions and behaviour is his instinct. It guides silently, telling him what to do, which way to go and how to develop skills that can enable him to overcome any challenge that life proposes. Abraham Lincoln failed in almost all his endeavours through his life. And yet his instinct urged him to keep trying, finally culminating in earning him the highest seat of political leadership in America.

3. So what is instinct? Is it genetic, or is it cultivated? Instinct is what drives a newborn into sensing that he is hungry or cold, making him cry for help.

4. It can be best described as a compass of objective observation, although born with it, we tend to lose touch with our instinct as we grow older.

5. If everybody is born with this sense, why is it that some people become leaders and others don’t? Firstly, external circumstances greatly dictate our evolution. All people who are deprived of opportunities to develop their latent abilities, fail to grow into leaders.

6. The second reason relates to internal attitude. There are many people who, despite being blessed with all the right opportunities, still fail. This is because they are insensitive to their own instincts, ignoring all the signals that can enable them to act appropriately. Listening is a critical skill that needs to be evolved over time. While our earlier experiences enable us to list and put evaluated choices, it is eventually our instinct that helps us in determining which one to go for. At such times, people who are tuned in to their instincts, are more likely to make the right decisions than those who are not. Instinct is like a psychometer. When a leader gives his team an emotionally charged speech in the attempt to motivate them into action, he can invariably tell even before he has completed it, whether or not he has succeeded. In fact, right through the process of speaking, he is constantly modulating his behaviour.

7. Leadership is a quest for doing the right things, a quest that is initiated not for fulfilling one’s own selfish needs but for the greater good of all concerned.

4.1 On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer the following questions by choosing the best of the given choices.

Question (a)
Leaders are born when ……………………….
(i) adversities strike people.
(ii) wars break out.
(iii) decadence invades societies.
(iv) all of these.
Answer:
(iv) all of these.

Question (b)
Instinct guides a person by ……………………..
(i) telling him what to do.
(ii) telling him what to say.
(iii) telling him whom to meet.
(iv) none of these.
Answer:
(i) telling him what to do.

Question (c)
Instinct can be best described as a compass of objective observation. This statement means that instinct ……………………..
(i) gives us the right direction.
(ii) tells us not to be subjective.
(iii) teaches us how to observe.
(iv) guides us in our observations of people.
Answer:
(iv) guides us in our observations of people.

Question (d)
Abraham Lincoln was greatly helped in achieving his goals by his ……………………….
(i) skills
(ii) instinct
(iii) vision
(iv) determination
Answer:
(ii) instinct

Question (e)
Modulating in paragraph 6 means ……………………………
(i) moving with words.
(ii) speaking in a model way.
(iii) copying a good speaker.
(iv) adjusting and changing.
Answer:
(iv) adjusting and changing.

Question (f)
The word having the meaning opposite to terminated in paragraph 7 is ……………………..
(i) enable
(ii) charged
(iii) initiated
(iv) evaluated
Answer:
(iii) initiated

4.2 Answer the following.

(a) The ………………….. force behind a leader’s actions and behaviour is his instinct.
(b) Listening is a …………………. skill that needs to be evolved over time.
(c) It was Abraham Lincoln’s instinct that helped him earn the highest seat of political leadership in America. [True/False]
(d) Leadership is a quest for fulfilling one’s selfish needs. [True/False]
Answer:
(a) driving
(b) critical
(c) True
(d) False

4.3 (a) Find a word which means the same as ‘fall to a lower level in morals, ethics, etc.’ (para 1).
(b) Find a word which means the same as ‘attempts’ (para 2).
Answer:
(a) decadence
(b) endeavours

5. Read the passage given below.

1. In the democratic countries, intelligence is still free to ask whatever question it chooses. This freedom, it is almost certain, will not survive another war. Educationists should, therefore, do all they can, while there is yet time, to build up in the minds of their charges, a habit of resistance to suggestion. If such resistance is not built, the men and women of the next generation will be at the mercy of that skilful propagandist who contrives to seize the instruments of information and persuasion. Resistance to suggestion can be built up in two ways. First, children can be taught to rely on their own internal resources and not to depend on incessant stimulation from without. This is doubly important.

Reliance on external stimulation is bad for the character. Moreover, such stimulation is the stuff with which propagandists bait their hooks, the jam in which dictators conceal their ideological pills. For a majority of people in the West, purposeless reading, purposeless listening-in, purposeless listening to radios, purposeless looking at films, have become addictions, psychological equivalents of alcoholism and morphinism. Things have come to such a pitch that there are many millions of men and women who suffer real distress if they are cut off for a few days or even few hours from newspapers, radio, music or moving pictures.

2. How can children be taught to rely upon their own spiritual resources and resist the temptation to become reading addicts, hearing addicts, seeing addicts? First of all, they can be taught how to entertain themselves by making things, by playing musical instruments, by purposeful study, by scientific observation, by the practice of some art, and so on. But such education of the hand and the intellect is not enough. The other method heightening the resistance to suggestion is purely intellectual and consists in training young people subject the diverse devices . of the propagandists to critical analysis. The first thing that educators must do is to analyse the words currently used in newspapers, on platforms by preachers and broadcasters. Their critical analysis and constructive criticism should reach out to the children and the youth, with such clarity that they learn to react to forceful suggestions the right way at the right time.

5.1 On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer the following questions by choosing the best of the given choices.

Question (a)
What does the author want educationists to do?
(i) Teach the students to use their freedom judiciously.
(ii) Build in the students’ minds a resistance to suggestion.
(iii) Seize the instruments of information and persuasion.
(iv) Teach students how to survive another war.
Answer:
(ii) Build in the students’ minds a resistance to suggestion.

Question (b)
Mention the two ways in which resistance to suggestion can be built up.
(i) Reliance on external stimulation to be promoted and teaching of art.
(ii) Reading and looking at films to be encouraged.
(iii) Rely on one’s own internal resources and intellectual analysis of the devices of propogandists.
(iv) Read newspaper, enjoy music or moving pictures.
Answer:
(iii) Rely on one’s own internal resources and intellectual analysis of the devices of propogandists.

Question (c)
If resistance to suggestion is not built
(i) people will lose their spirituality.
(ii) propagandists will acquire control of people’s minds.
(iii) individual creativity will be lost.
(iv) there will be no critical analysis.
Answer:

Question (d)
The spiritual resources of children consist of
(i) self-study
(ii) making things, playing musical instruments
(iii) listening to spiritual discourses
(iv) analysing everything critically
Answer:
(ii) making things, playing musical instruments

Question (e)
Contrives in paragraph 1 means ……………………..
(i) manages
(ii) controls
(iii) presents
(iv) dictates
Answer:
(i) manages

Question (f)
Distress in paragraph 1 means ………………………
(i) loss
(ii) anger
(iii) disappointment
(iv) suffering
Answer:
(iv) suffering

5.2 Answer the following.

(a) For a majority of people in the West, purposeless reading, listening to radio and looking at
films, have become addictions. [ True / False]
(b) The educator should teach the children and the youth how to get addicted to their minds. [ True / False]
(c) Reliance on external ……………….. is bad for the character.
(d) The first thing that the educators must do is to critically ……………….. the words currently used in newspapers.
Answer:
(a) True
(b) False
(c) stimulation
(d) analyse

5.3 (a) Find the word which means the same as ‘continuing without interruption’ (para 1).
(b) Find the word which means the same as ‘having a useful purpose’ (para 2).
Answer:
(a) incessant
(b) constructive

6. Read the following passage carefully.

1. In my most frustrated moments of navigating chaotic Delhi traffic, I close my eyes in the back seat and imagine what it would be like if some day just a thought would transport me from one place to another.

2. At times, sitting relaxed on my terrace, I look at the green tree tops that I see every day and wonder if some day, just with the power of my thoughts I would be able to create the image of the most vivid blue ocean and a sandy beach in front of me? Then having had enough of that, could my thoughts switch the scene to that of snowy mountain peaks?

3. Just thinking of these seemingly impossible things gives me a sense of well-being, because I do believe that if you can think it, you can will it and achieve it. If it occurs as a thought, it is possible to fructify as reality. After all, everything big started with a thought. Looking at birds flying fre,ely in the sky, humans must have thought of the possibility of flying centuries before the invention of aeroplanes. The tallest skyscraper, the longest bridge across the ocean, the fastest train, the internet, cellphones-all are the end result of one thought.

4. As technology advances and we become more confident in our abilities to transform thoughts to reality, the gap between the ideas and implementation keeps shrinking. Today one of the biggest thrills of living is watching impossible-seeming thoughts turn to reality within one’s lifetime!

5. If with the power of his ‘big thought’ Donald Trump becomes the President of the USA, what then is impossible? As he says in his book, ‘Think Like a Billionaire’, “I like thinking big. To me it is very simple. If you’re going to be thinking anyway, you might as well think big.”

6. True. None of the big achievements or discoveries in life happened by thinking small. To achieve big stuff, you have to think big. Most people avoid thinking big because of laziness, fear of extra work and the instinct to stay unnoticed – and hence out of trouble. A large part of the workforce just wants to do their designated work and get done with it.

7. And then there are those who let their own small success become the enemy of possible bigger success, later. Sitting back to celebrate a small achievement, they underestimate their own potential. Whoever said that aspirations or possibilities have any limitations? The most pleasurable moments can be spent imagining what seems the impossible – Come on, let your imagination run wild! Believe in yourself and your thoughts. Some of the tips Donald Trumps shares to mould yourself to think big are, “Walk softly but carry a big attitude, conquer your doubts and ditch them; be proud of your big ego, and get into the habit of speaking your mind.”

8. The power of thought is a form of energy that is impervious to time, space or present reality. It is important to hone and direct your thoughts towards bigger and better, impossible-to-imagine things. What you believe about yourself and what you believe about possibilities is crucial to not just what you become, but also critical to the world as we all experience it – now and in the future.

9. Dreams and thoughts must rule free without any limitations. Thoughts have to reach beyond and encompass the impossible, the unthinkable, the weird, the unheard-of and the shocking. Think beyond the realms of possibility and then aim to get there. Once there, think much beyond that possibility too. And then get going once again.

6.1 Answer the following questions by choosing the most appropriate option from the given ones:

Question (a)
……………….. make(s) living more thrilling in modern times.
(i) Big thoughts
(ii) Watching impossible-seeming thoughts turn to reality within one’s life time
(iii) Thinking small
(iv) All of these
Answer:
(ii) Watching impossible-seeming thoughts turn to reality within one’s life time

Question (b)
The passage suggests that …………………..
(i) one should stop after making a seemingly-impossible, possible
(ii) dreams and thoughts should have limitations
(iii) dne should continue to think big for ever
(iv) time, space and present reality affect the power of thought
Answer:
(iii) dne should continue to think big for ever

Question (c)
……………………. stop(s) people from achieving big.
(i) Avoiding thinking big
(ii) Sitting back to celebrate small success
(iii) Underestimating their potential
(iv) All of these
Answer:
(ii) Sitting back to celebrate small success

Question (d)
The author’s wish list does not include …………………..
(i) just a thought transporting her from one place to another
(ii) creating the image of blue ocean in front of her
(iii) switching the blue ocean image into that of snowy mountain peaks
(iv) feeling frustrated while navigating chaotic Delhi traffic
Answer:
(iv) feeling frustrated while navigating chaotic Delhi traffic

Question (e)
‘Potential’ in para 7 means ……………………..
(i) ideas
(ii) qualities that can be developed
(iii) winning a game
(iv) important thoughts
Answer:
(ii) qualities that can be developed

Question (f)
‘Impervious’ in para 8 means …………………….
(i) not affected by something
(ii) affected by time
(iii) static
(iv) that can be changed
Answer:
(i) not affected by something

6.2 Answer the following.

(a) None of the big achievements or discoveries in life happened by thinking ……………….
(b) As ……………….. advances, we become more confident in our abilities to transform thoughts
to reality.
(c) Most people avoid thinking big because of laziness, fear of extra work and the instinct to stay unnoticed. [True/False]
(d) You should think beyond the realms of impossibility and then aim to get there. [True/False]
Answer:
(a) small
(b) technology
(c) True
(d) False

6.3 Find the word/phrases in the passage which mean the same as.

(a) qualities and abilities (Para 7)
(b) include, cover (Para 9)
Answer:
(a) potential
(b) encompass

7. Read the passage given below.

1. Each day is a chance to invest in life; a chance to renew yourself, to shed yesterday’s skin, to unburden yourself to get rid of yesterday’s hurt. Be glad of life each day as it gives you a chance to work, love and play, and to look at the sun. And then when the sun sets, don’t cry-the tears will make you miss the beauty of the stars.

2. Life moves, on and if you don’t stop and look at the wonders already present in your life, you will miss life altogether.

3. Think of big thoughts but relish the small joys life offers you each day. Maybe it’s as simple as smiling at someone. For, that could be the last day of life-for you or for the other person.

4. A small genuine act from you will cost you nothing but it could mean everything to somebody that day. Life is a succession of moments. Live each moment. Life has no romance without risk. All actions carry some amount of risk, may be less or more, but the element of risk is always present.

5. If there is no wind, row. Make things happen rather than let things happen. One can give nothing whatsoever without giving oneself, risking oneself. The most important thing in life is not what you get but what you give.

6. Once a preacher called at the home of a very poor family. When he came out, he found one son admiring his new car, so the preacher explained that he had received it as a gift from his brother.

7 Most lads would say, “I wish I had a brother like that,” But this one said, “Mister, I wish I
could be a brother like that.”

8 If you are not enjoying this journey, for sure you won’t enjoy the destination. It will become a moment to dread, not a moment you can actually look forward to. It’s not what happens that determines our future, but what you do about what happens that counts.

9. Conquer the mind and you conquer the world. Looking back strains your neck muscles. Similarly, living in the past strains your life. Don’t dwell on the past. Have faith in yourself and you will have faith in others. Fulfil your destiny. Remember, no one can make you unhappy without your consent.

10. The way you cope with life, is what makes the difference. Even peace of mind is not the absence of conflict but the ability to cope with it. You have to reach out to other people. That will teach you to forgive people and also forgive yourself.

11. Forgiveness means letting go of the past. Compassion is about stepping outside yourself. A kind compassionate act is often its own reward. Live your life without complaining, just like the tree.

7.1 On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer the following questions by choosing the best of the given choices.

Question (a)
Why should we be glad of each day?
(i) Because we are more mature each new day.
(ii) Because we have more energy.
(iii) Because we are free of yesterday.
(iv) Because we can live life, work and enjoy each new day.
Answer:
(iv) Because we can live life, work and enjoy each new day.

Question (b)
What is meant by make things happen?
(i) Take initiative, take risks, start things.
(ii) If you are in a boat, you must row.
(iii) Give whatever you wish to give.
(iv) Do not try to get things.
Answer:
(iv) Do not try to get things.

Question (c)
A small genuine act (para 5) could mean
(i) an act of kindness and love
(ii) a heroic act
(iii) a good piece of acting
(iv) a short scene in a play
Answer:
(i) an act of kindness and love

Question (d)
We should not dwell on the past because
(i) we should learn from our mistakes in the past
(ii) the past does not allow us to progress
(iii) our mistakes and failures in the past can depress us
(iv) the past will never come back
Answer:
(ii) our mistakes and failures in the past can depress us

Question (e)
Succession in para 5 means
(i) achievement
(ii) inheritance
(iii) happiness
(iv) series
Answer:
(iv) series

Question (f)
Romance in para 5 means
(i) a love affair
(ii) charm
(iii) an imaginative temperament
(iv) danger
Answer:
(ii) charm

7.2 Answer the following.

(a) When the sun sets, do not shed tears because you will miss the of the stars.
(b) Even the peace of mind is not the absence of but the ability to cope with it.
(c) Life has no romance without risk. [True/False]
(d) You should live your life always complaining, just like the tree. [True/False]
Answer:
(a) beauty
(b) conflict
(c) True
(d) False

7.3 (a) Find a word which means the same as fate (para 9).
(b) Find a word which means the same as to push a boat using oars (para 5).
Answer:
(a) destiny
(b) row

(b) Persuasive/Arguments

8. Read the following passage carefully.

1. Unfortunately, of late, we have not been able to recognise the concept of respecting, caring and helping older generations in a systematic way as some of the countries in the West have done. This is not to suggest that our culture and history do not recognize this phase of life. There have been many practices of caring and helping old people in our system. But, with the dismantling of the joint family system, the problem has assumed newer and complicated proportions. Although we have started recognising the needs of the young but when it comes to the old, we have blissfully chosen to ignore them and have left them to fend for themselves.

2. There are old age homes, residential units for lower income groups in particular districts where there is a.part-time medical officer to attend to the inmates. Then there are day-care centres and mobile medicare services besides other NGOs (Non-Governmental Organisations).

3. Old age homes in the country are not only insufficient but are also ill-equipped to cater to old people. This should be the responsibility of the state since it needs close and regular monitoring. The social welfare departments in the Government have very little to boast when it comes to caring for older generation.

4. Society, too, has an important role to play. It must begin by respecting the aged and placing them before anyone else’s interest. In the West, if an old person is climbing down the stairs, he or she is helped. It is this kind of mindset, that is the need of the hour. Offering seats to the old, helping them cross the roads, assisting them carry their bags, fetching them water, etc. are some gestures which increase acceptability of old people.

5. In the family, senior citizens deserve a better deal. They have given everything to their families and have the right to be recognised as important members. Sending old parents to deposit electricity bills, asking them to fetch children from schools and to guard the house while the rest of the family is away, are some of the many tasks which are thrust upon them. These become nothing short of enslaving the weakest class of people.

6. Old people are not too demanding except in cases where there may be genuine reasons of health or constraints of family environments.

8.1 On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer the following questions by choosing the best of the given choices.

Question (a)
What is the general attitude of the people of our country towards senior citizens?
(i) of indifference
(ii) of love and respect
(iii) of hostility
(iv) none of these
Answer:

Question (b)
What has added to the problems of older generations in Indian social background?
(i) retirement of old people from their jobs
(ii) growing population of the young
(iii) breaking up of the joint family system
(iv) increasing financial tensions
Answer:

Question (c)
The dismantling of the joint family system has brought about ………………..
(i) the rise of ego in the young people
(ii) nuclear families
(iii) conflict and discord
(iv) neglect of the elderly
Answer:
(iv) neglect of the elderly

Question (d)
The care of the old people should be the responsibility of the state because …………………..
(i) it is quite expensive
(ii) it needs regular and close monitoring
(iii) it needs manpower
(iv) it should be made a law
Answer:
(ii) it needs regular and close monitoring

Question (e)
Blissfully in paragraph 1 means ……………………
(i) blindly
(ii) foolishly
(iii) happily
(iv) selfishly
Answer:
(iii) happily

Question (f)
Inmates in paragraph 2 means …………………..
(i) residents
(ii) insiders
(iii) invaders
(iv) inner group
Answer:
(i) residents

8.2 Answer the following.

(a) Old age homes in the country are not only ……………… but are also ill-equipped to cater to old people.
(b) Society has an important role to …………………. the aged and place them before anyone
else’s interest.
(c) The social welfare departments in the Government have a great deal to boast when it comes
to care for older generation. [True/False]
(d) In the family, senior citizens deserve a better deal. [True/False]
Answer:
(a) insufficient
(b) respect
(c) False
(d) True

8.3 (a) Find the word which means the same as ‘limitations’ (para 6).
(b) Find the word which means the same as ‘breaking down’ (para 1).
Answer:
(a) constraints
(b) dismantling

9. Read the following passage carefully:

1. The therapeutic value and healing powers of plants were demonstrated to me when I was a boy of about ten. I had developed an acute persistent abdominal pain that did not respond readily to hospital medication. In total desperation she took me to Egya Mensa, a well-known herbalist in my hometown in the Western province of Ghana.

2. After a brief interview, he went out to the field. He returned with several leaves and the bark of a tree and one of his attendants immediately prepared a decoction. I was given a glass of this preparation, it tasted extremely bitter, but within an hour or so I began to feel relieved. Within about three days, the frequent abdominal pain stopped and I recall gaining a good appetite. I have appreciated the healing powers of medicinal plants ever since.

3. In fact, demographic studies by various national governments and inter-governmental organisations such as the World Health Organisation (WHO) indicate that for 75 to 90 per cent of the rural populations of the world, the herbalist is the only person who handles their medical problems.

4. In African culture, traditional medical practitioners are always considered to be influential, spiritual leaders as well, using magic and religion along with medicines. Illness is handled with the individual’s hidden spiritual powers and with application of plants that have been found especially to contain healing powers.

5. Over the years I have come to distinguish three types of medicinal practitioners in African societies and to classify the extent to which each uses medicinal plants. The first is the herbalist, who generally enjoys the prestige and reputation of being the real traditional medical professional. The second group represents the divine healers. They are fetish priests whose practice depends upon their purported supernatural powers of diagnosis. Thirdly, the witch doctor, the practitioner who is credited with ability to intercept the evil deeds of a witch.

6. From the drugstores in New Delhi, I picked up some well-packaged bark and roots of Rauwolfia Serpentina, a plant that was very well known in ancient Asiatic medicine. The storekeeper said that it cures hypertension.

7. For health, social and economic reasons, it seems clear that developing countries should begin an extensive programme aimed at an examination and research into the properties of the most important medicinal plants. In most countries, the information on such plants is dispersed and unorganised. Much of it is in the heads of aging herbalists, who represent a dying breed.

(Adapted from Edward S. Ayensu-Worldwide Role of the Healing Power of Plants)

9.1 On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer the following questions by choosing the best of the given choices.

Question (a)
What did Egya Mensa do to the author when his mother took him there?
(i) did not attend to them
(ii) gave him a concoction of leaves and bark
(iii) tested his appetite
(iv) advised the child not to take Western medicine
Answer:
(ii) gave him a concoction of leaves and bark

Question (b)
What do the WHO demographic studies indicate?
(i) the most of the rural populations depend on herbalists for health care
(ii) 75 to 90 per cent of rural populations were in poor health
(iii) urban population should also use herbal medicine
(iv) none of the above
Answer:
(i) the most of the rural populations depend on herbalists for health care

Question (c)
The author appreciates the healing powers of medicinal plants because ………………….
(i) he is an African
(ii) he did not believe in European medicines
(iii) he had been cured by herbal medicines
(iv) his friends had recommended herbal medicines to him
Answer:
(iii) he had been cured by herbal medicines

Question (d)
Traditional medical practitioners have influence on their communities because………………
(i) they successfully cure the sick
(ii) they control epidemics
(iii) they are inexpensive
(iv) they handle the patient’s sickness with his hidden spiritual powers
Answer:
(iv) they handle the patient’s sickness with his hidden spiritual powers

Question (e)
Divine healers in paragraph 5 means ……………….
(i) holy men
(ii) doctors
(iii) those who treat on the basis of faith
(iv) quacks
Answer:
(iii) those who treat on the basis of faith

Question (f)
Hypertension in paragraph 6 means
(i) high stress
(ii) high blood pressure
(iii) hyper activity
(iv) high fever
Answer:
(ii) high blood pressure

9.2 Answer the following.

(a) In African culture and tradition traditional medical practitioners are always considered to be …………………..
(b) Egya Mensa was a well-known ………………. in the Western province of Ghana.
(c) The author appreciated the healing powers of medicinal plants when his acute abdominal
pain was cured by it. [True/False]
(d) The bark and roots of Rauwolfia Serpentina cannot cure hypertension. [True/False]
Answer:
(a) influential
(b) herbalist
(c) True
(d) False

9.3 (a) Find a word which means the same as ‘pertaining to changes concerning people’ (para 3).
(b) Find a word which means the same as ‘finding and naming the problem’ (para 5).
Answer:
(a) demographic
(b) diagnosis

10. Read the following passage carefully:

1. Right from childhood, a human being starts enjoying the pleasure of reading. As a child, he learns the ways of life through reading and writing. He is thrilled by going through new little –
things and learning through them.

2. The pleasure one derives from reading, is indeed recreative as well as instructive. The mental effects of reading create a strange sense of pleasure. Reading provides an ecstasy and intellectual exertion. Reading of novels or interesting literature makes a person forget the worries and cares of life. The reading of a newspaper, periodical, journal, etc. which is light reading, gives the reader knowledge about human life around and solves his curiosity for knowledge about the world. Newspapers and journals give information about the events taking place in the world and happenings in the state and the locality a person lives in. The newspapers also publish important news and views in the fields of economics, politics and science. Reading of newspaper is indispensable for even a little educated citizen in modern society.

3 The reading of novels is the most popular pastime of a large number of people. The attraction of novel lies in its ability to create interest, to sustain it and take the reader to the heights of imagination and luxurious fiction. All fiction is somewhat connected with life and gives in words the pictures drawn from real life or from imagination.

4. Next, we come to the books of travel and adventure. The spirit of adventure is in the very blood of man. A man wants glamour and romantic life, full of adventure and the material spirit. Books of travel and adventure infuse a spirit of fearlessness which the travellers, who are heroes of the books, may inspire in us.

5. Whatever type of books one reads, reading is always a source of pleasure and enjoyment. The habit of reading is a sign of good culture. It is a source of knowledge and the best means of making use of one’s leisure. Books are, after all, a gold mine of knowledge, art, literature and science. Books are not only useful, instructive but also entertaining and recreative.

10.1 On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer the following questions by choosing the best of the given choices.

Question (a)
How does a child leam the ways of his life?
(i) by imitating his elders
(ii) by observing
(iii) through reading and writing
(iv) through school education
Answer:
(ii) by observing

Question (b)
What are the two salient features of reading?
(i) recreative and instructive
(ii) pleasure and intellectual exertion
(iii) information and views
(iv) all of these
Answer:
(i) recreative and instructive

Question (c)
Which kind of reading can be called ‘recreativeV
(i) newspapers
(ii) journals
(iii) novels
(iv) periodicals
Answer:
(iii) novels

Question (d)
Reading of newspapers is absolutely essential for the common man because
(i) it gives local news
(ii) it gives news of economics and science
(iii) it gives political news
(iv) all of these
Answer:
(iv) all of these

Question (e)
Exertion in paragraph 2 means
(i) interest
(ii) exercise
(iii) stimulation
(iv) physical effort
Answer:
(iii) stimulation

Question (f)
Indispensable in paragraph 2 means
(i) important
(ii) primary
(iii) necessary
(iv) principal
Answer:
(ii) primary

10.2 Answer the following.

(a) A child is by going through new little things and learning through them.
(b) Newspapers and journals give about the events taking place in the world.
(c) Books are indeed a gold mine of knowledge, art, literature and science. [True/False]
(d) Books on travel and adventure also confuse travellers and misguide them. [True/False]
Answer:
(a) thrilled
(b) information
(c) True
(d) False

10.3 (a) Find the antonym of ‘rest’ in para 2.
(b) Find the antonym of ‘repulsion’ in para 3.
Answer:
(a) exertion
(b) attraction