Raju

Check the below Online Education NCERT MCQ Questions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 Extra Questions and Answers Forest and Wildlife Resources with Answers Pdf free download. https://ncertmcq.com/extra-questions-for-class-10-social-science/

Online Education for Forest and Wildlife Resources Class 10 Extra Questions Geography Chapter 2

Question 1.
Define an ecosystem.
Answer:
Eco-system is meant as the physical environment of a place formed by all kinds of plants, birds and animals of that area.

Question 2.
What factors are responsible for the distribution of plants and animals in India?
Answer:
The distribution of plants and animals is mainly determined by the climate of that area. The other determining factors of this distribution are soil, relief and drainage etc.

Question 3.
What is bio-reserve? Give two examples.
Answer:
A bio-reserve is a place which consists of fairly vast wild land and is devoted to the protection and preservation of flora and fauna of the country in the very natural form. Examples : Gulf of Mannar, Nilgiri.

Question 4.
Which was the form of life which appeared on the earth?
Answer:
Plants and vegetation.

Question 5.
What is the importance of the plants for us?
Answer:
Every form of life in the earth is dependent either directly or indirectly on the plants hence these are very significant.

Question 6.
How many flowering plants are there in India?
Answer:
About 15000.

Question 7.
What is the use of Sarpagandha?
Answer:
Sarpagandha is used for the treatment of the blood pressure.

Question 8.
How many species of the plants have been listed as endangered in India?
Answer:
52.

Question 9.
Which of the international agencies has included Indian plants in the medical list?
Answer:
The World Conservation Union.

Question 10.
Name the Indian regions where Tropical deciduous forests are found.
Answer:

• The north-eastern states,
• The foothills of the Himalays,
• Jharkhand,
• West Orissa,
• Chhattisgarh,
• Eastern slopes of the Western Ghats.

Question 11.
Name two animals having habitat in different types of vegetation.
Answer:

1. Tropical Rain Vegetation: Elephant, monkey
2. Deciduous Vegetation: Lion, tiger
3. Thorn-Scrubs: Fox, Lion.
4. Temperate Vegetation: Kashmir Stag, Leopard
5. Alpine-Tundra: Yak, Leopard
6. Tidal vegetation: Tiger, turtles.

Question 12.
Point out the importance of the biosphere reserves.
Answer:

• The biosphere reserves are very important in reserving the endangered species of animals and plants.
• These are the important source of transmission of the natural heritage to the future generations.
• These inspire the people of the surroundings areas to protect the wildlife.
• These provide opportunities for research.
• These are also important for promoting tourism.

Question 13.
Name the states where the following biosphere reserves are situated.
(i) Nilgiri
(ii) Nanda Devi
(iii) Manas
(iv) Simlipal
(v) Nokrek
(vi) Sundarban
(vii) Pacha-in
(viii) Dehang Debong
Answer:
Biosphere Reserves:

(i) Nilgiri	Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala
(ii) Nanda Devi	Uttrakhand
(iii) Manas	Assam
(iv) Simlipal	Orissa
(v) Nokrek	Meghalaya
(vi) Sundarban	West Bengal
(vii) Pachmarhi	Madhya Pradesh
(viii) Dehang Debong.	Arunachal Pradesh.

Question 14.
What is the reason that the tropical deciduous forests shed their leaves during the summer?
Answer:
Tropical deciduous forests are the trees like sal, sandal, shisham etc. All of these trees shed their leaves in summer. The main reason behind this fact is that the leaves get dry by the scorching heat of the summer and as a result, they leave the branches automatically.

Question 15.
What are the main reasons that the evergreen forests are found in the western slopes of the Western Ghats?
Answer:
The evergreen forests are found in the western slopes of the Western Ghats because of the following reasons:

• The western slopes of the Western Ghats get heavy rainfall because they are on the leeward side of the Western Ghats and here the monsoon winds are very active.
• The trees grown here do not have a distinct season of sheding leaves as the region is warm and wet throughout the year.

Question 16.
Why such an importance is given to conserve the natural vegetation?
Or
Describe the importance of the natural vegetation.
Answer:
Natural vegetation is no doubt very important for the environment as well as for human life. Hence, it is very essential to consume it, The main importance of the natural vegetation are the following:

• The natural vegetation adds beauty to nature.
• The natural vegetation provides habitat to the wild life including both birds and animals.
• Without the natural vegetation, the coming generation would be deprived of great variety of fauna.
• Natural vegetation greately helps us attracting the monsoon clouds and making them to rain.
• Natural vegetation also provides us many useful products like wood which gives up material for the construction purposes of domestic as well as furniture and many other things. Many industries are based on the forest products.
• Forests give us fuel.
• The raw material for paper industry, match-making and sports material are also derived from the forests.
• The natural vegetation also gives the sandal, gums, resins, turpine oil etc.
• Many other very useful products like herbs, honey, lac etc. are also taken from natural vegetation whether directly or indirectly.
• The grass form of the natural vegetation provides grazing field for cattle. Hence natural vegetation is undoubtedly one of the most essential elements of life. Hence it must be protected.

Question 17.
Which steps should be taken to preserve the natural vegetation?
Answer:
To preserve the natural vegetation following steps should be taken:

• Cutting of the trees in the forests must be stopped. The government has taken adequate steps in this direction. Forest department has been created for this purpose. Laws have, been implemented to punish die persons found in felling and cutting of the trees. However, awareness among the people is more important Without this awareness desired results cannot be achieved.
• The people must cooperate to check the feeling of trees. They infact must take active part in this regard.
  Fortunately, many persons have come forward in this direction. Movement like ‘Chipko Andolan’ has been launched by the people themselves.
• Necessary wood for industrial purposes and for other activities must be taken through planned manner. So that purposes-industrial growth and the environment protection-can be achieved.
• Wherever the trees have been cut for whatever reason; new trees must be planted to maintain the ecological balance.
• Function like ‘Vanmahotsava’ should be celebrated everywhere. It would help in growing the awareness.
• 33% of the total land area must be brought under forest area.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Choose the correct answer from the four alternatives given below:

Question 1.
The following is a tree found in tropical rain forests:
(a) mahogany
(b) shisham
(c) palms
(d) spruce.
Answer:

Question 2.
The following is a type of animal found in tropical rain forests:
(a) tiger
(b) elephant
(c) rabbit
(d) snow leopard
Answer:

Question 3.
The following is the type of animal found in the Alpine and Tundra Vegetation:
(a) worms
(b) camels
(c) yaks
(d) turtles
Answer:

Question 4.
The following type of timber is found in deciduous forests:
(a) acacias
(b) silver fir
(c) ebony
(d) sandalwood
Answer:

Question 5.
There are the following number of national parks in India:
(a) 89
(b) 90
(c) 91
(d) 92
Answer:

Question 6.
To which one of the following types of vegetation does rubber belong to
(a) Tundra,
(b) Tidal
(c) Himalayan
(d) Tropical Evergreen.
Answer:

Map Skills

Question 1.
With the help of India’s map, show the following.
(i) Areas of Evergreen Forests
(ii) Areas of Dry Deciduous Forests
Answer:

Question 2.
Show the following in the map of India.
Two National parks each in Northern, Southern, Eastern and Western Parts.
Answer:

Extra Questions for Class 10 Social Science

Check the below Online Education NCERT MCQ Questions for Class 8 Civics Chapter 1 Extra Questions and Answers The Indian Constitution with Answers Pdf free download. https://ncertmcq.com/extra-questions-for-class-8-social-science/

Online Education for The Indian Constitution Class 8 Extra Questions Civics Chapter 1

(1) The caste system is an example of …………………. .
Answer:
inequality

Class 8 Civics Chapter 1 Extra Questions And Answers

(2) The sheep in the region of Ladakh are very important because they produce …………………. .
Answer:
pashmina wool

Class 8 Civics Chapter 1 Worksheet With Answers

(3) Local versions of the Tibetan national epic is …………………. .
Answer:
Kesar saga

The Indian Constitution Class 8 Extra Questions And Answers

(4) wrote in his travelogue that Muslims were a highly respected community …………………. .
Answer:
Ibn Battuta

Class 8 Civics Chapter 1 Short Questions

(5) Our national anthem was composed by …………………. .
Answer:
Rabindranath Tagore.

The Indian Constitution Class 8 Worksheets With Answers Question 1.
Why was the newspaper boy disappointed?
Answer:
Newspaper boy was disappointed and the cyclist boy asked for a Hindi newspaper, while he thought the boy will read the English newspaper.

Ncert Solutions For Class 8 Civics Chapter 1 Extra Questions Question 2.
What did the newspaper boy do the next day?
Answer:
Next day the newspaper boy brought a Hindi newspaper.

Class 8 Civics Chapter 1 Short Questions And Answers Question 3.
What are communal riots?
Answer:
When arson, looting, fire and killing break out between two communities due to different reasons it is called communal riots.

Class 8 Civics Chapter 1 Very Short Questions And Answers Question 4.
Samir Do belonged to which community?
Answer:
Samir Do was a Muslim boy.

Class 8 Civics Chapter 1 Extra Questions Very Short Question 5.
What is inequality? Give one example of inequality.
Answer:
Inequality comes about when a person does not have the resources and opportunities that are available to other persons.
Samir Do did not have the opportunity to go to school, because his parents are poor and do not have enough to eat and wear.

Class 8 Civics Chapter 1 Extra Questions And Answers Pdf Question 6.
What is caste system? Write about it.
Answer:
Caste system is an example of inequality. According to this, the society was divided into different groups depending upon the work that people did and they were supposed to regain in those groups. So if the father was a potter, the son couch only becomes a potter. This system considered irreversible.

Ncert Class 8 Civics Chapter 1 Extra Questions Question 7.
How did the caste system create inequality?
Answer:
In the caste system, a person could not change his profession, it was not considered necessary for him to know anything more than what was needed in the profession. This created a situation of inequality.

Civics Class 8 Chapter 1 Extra Questions Question 8.
What does diversity add to our lives?
Answer:
Diversity adds variety in our lives. We learn to do things differently and come to know more about different people. People eat different food, wear different clothes and speak different languages, people narrate different experiences.

Indian Constitution Class 8 Extra Questions Question 9.
How can we explain diversity?
Answer:
Diversity can be explained in many ways, e.g.,

• Two hundred years before people travelled from one part of the world to another, in ships, on horses or camels or on foot. But after the advent of aeroplanes and trains, buses and cars people want to travel by them as journey is comfortable and takes less time.
• Often people went in search of new lands or for trade. Because it took long to reach the destination, people stayed there for a long time. Sometimes people left their homes because of natural calamities, some went in search of work.
• People come from villages to cities to find work, In cities, it is often easy to forget how their lives revolved around the surroundings. In villages they grow their own vegetables and grain. In the cities, they depend on the market to buy things.
• Sometimes when people make their homes in new places, they begin to change. Their languages, food, music and religion become a mix of old and new.
• Similarly, people have to adapt themselves to geographical surroundings, e.g. „ living near the sea is very different living in a mountainous region.

Class 8 Civics Chapter 1 Short Answers Question 10.
Write about the life of the people in Ladakh, pointing out historical and geographical factors have influenced the lives of the people.
Answer:
Ladakh is a mountainous country in the eastern part of Jammu and Kashmir. This region does not receive any rain and is covered with snow for large part of the year. Agriculture is not possible under such conditions. There are very few trees that grow here. People get water when snow melts during the summer reason.

People eat meat and milk and its products. People domesticate sheep, which give special wool called the pashmina wool. Ladakh lies on the trade route and has many passes. Caravans travelled to Tibet from here. They carried textiles and spices, raw silk and carpets Buddhism reached Tibet through Ladakh. Islam was introduced by the Arab travellers.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How did people travel around two hundred years ago?
(a) In ships and on horses and elephants
(b) On camels and foot
(c) By train or bus
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Answer:
(d) Both (a) and (b).

2. How did people of Ladakh get drinking water?
(a) Tubewells
(b) Ponds
(c) Melting snow during the summer months
(d) Lakes
Answer:
(c) Melting snow during the summer months.

3. Which of the following did caravans carry through Ladakh trade route?
(a) Textiles
(b) Spices
(c) Raw’ silk and carpets
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(d) All of these.

4. Which of the following is called Little Tibet?
(a) Katra
(b) Ladakh
(c) Srinagar
(d) Kargil
Answer:
(b) Ladakh.

5. Which of the following statement is correct?
(a) The caste system is an example of equality
(b) Our national anthem was composed by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
(c) The sheep in the region of Ladakh are very important because they produce Pashmina wool
(d) Local version of the Tibetan national epic is Ibn Battuta
Answer:
(c) The sheep in the region of Ladakh are very important because they produce Pashmina wool.

6. Which of the following spices are grown on the Kerala hills?
(a) Pepper
(b) Cloves
(c) Cardamoms
(d) All ot these
Answer:
(d) All ot these.

7. Who is credited with bringing Christianity to India?
(a) St. Thomas
(b) St. Stephens
(c) St. Francis
(d) Joseph Marry.
Answer:
(a) St. Thomas

8. Who discovered the sea route to India from Europe?
(a) The Chinese travellers I-Qing
(b) The Portuguese navigator Vasco-da Gama
(c) The Arab invader Babur
(d) St. Thomas
Answer:
(b) The Portuguese navigator Vasco-da Gama.

Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science

Check the below Online Education NCERT MCQ Questions for Microorganisms: Friend and Foe Class 8 Extra Questions and Answers Science Chapter 2 Pdf free download. https://ncertmcq.com/extra-questions-for-class-8-science/

Online Education for Class 8 Science Chapter 2 Extra Questions and Answers Microorganisms: Friend and Foe

Class 8 Science Chapter 2 Extra Questions Question 1.
Write the agent that is responsible for the spread of following diseases :
Polio = …………………….
Tuberculosis = …………………….
Answer:
Polio = Viruses
Tuberculosis = Bacteria.

Class 8 Science Chapter 2 Extra Questions And Answers Question 2.
Write the name of bacteria which converts milk into curd.
Answer:
Lactobacillus.

Class 8 Science Ch 2 Extra Questions Question 3.
Name two diseases caused by protozoans.
Answer:
Diseases like dysentery and malaria are caused by protozoans.

Ncert Class 8 Science Chapter 2 Extra Questions Question 4.
Name two diseases caused by bacteria.
Answer:
Typhoid and tuberculosis (T.B.).

Ncert Solutions For Class 8 Science Chapter 2 Extra Questions Question 5.
Where are microbes found?
Answer:

• They are present everywhere because they can survive under all types of environments.
• They are also found inside human body.

Ch 2 Science Class 8 Extra Questions Question 6.
What are the commercial uses of yeast?
Answer:
Yeast is used for commercial production of alcohol and wine.

Extra Questions For Class 8 Science Chapter 2 Question 7.
Name the process of conversion of sugar into alcohol.
Answer:
Fermentation.

Chapter 2 Science Class 8 Extra Questions Question 8.
Who discovered the process of fermentation ?
Answer:
Louis Pasteur in 1857.

Class 8 Chapter 2 Extra Questions Question 9.
Who discovered Penicillin?
Answer:
Alexander Fleming discovered the antibiotic called Penicillin in 1929.

Microorganisms Class 8 Extra Questions Question 10.
Name some of the diseases that can be prevented by vaccination.
Answer:
Cholera, tuberculosis, smallpox, hepatitis, etc.

Class 8 Chapter 2 Science Extra Questions Question 11.
Who discovered the vaccine for smallpox?
Answer:
Edward Jenner discovered the vaccine for smallpox in 1798.

Science Class 8 Chapter 2 Extra Questions Question 12.
Can you name some diseases for which you have been given injections in your childhood to protect you from them?
Answer:
They are diphtheria, tuberculosis, chickenpox, cholera, etc.

Class 8th Science Chapter 2 Extra Questions Question 13.
What is the most prominent role of microorganisms in pollution control?
Answer:
They degrade the harmful substances and thereby play prominent role in pollution control.

Science Chapter 2 Class 8 Extra Questions Question 14.
Define microorganisms with two examples.
Answer:
A microorganism is a living thing that is too small that it can’t be seen with the naked eye. Microorganisms can be found in air, water and in the bodies of plants and animals. They may be unicellular or multi cellular.
For Example :
Bacteria : Lactobacillus
Protozoa : Amoeba, Paramecium.

Class 8 Science Chapter 2 Extra Question Answer Question 15.
How do microorganisms help to improve the fertility of soil?
Answer:
Rhizobium bacteria present in the nodules of the roots of leguminous plants helps in the replenishment of the soil with nitrogen. Rhizobium bacteria takes nitrogen from the atmosphere and fix it directly into nitrogenous compounds and increase the fertility of the soil.

Questions On Microorganisms Class 8 Question 16.
Seema took 50 gm of flour (atta) and added some sugar and mixed it with warm water„ and also added small amount of yeast powder into it :
(i) Write the observation noted by her after two hours.
(ii) What is the function of yeast in this activity?
Answer:
(i) After two hours the flour (atta) is found to be raised a little bit.
(ii) Yeast reproduces rapidly and produces carbon dioxide during respiration. Bubbles of the carbon dioxide gas fill the flour mix and increase its volume. This is the basis of the use of yeast in the baking industry for making breads, pastries and cakes.

Class 8 Microorganisms Friend And Foe Extra Questions Question 17.
What is pseudopodia? Write down two examples.
Answer:
Pseudopodia: A pseudopodium is a temporary arm-like projection of the cell of a microorganism.
Examples :

• Pseudopodia are used for motility.
• Pseudopodia are used for ingestion.

Microorganisms Friend And Foe Class 8 Extra Questions Answers Question 18.
(a) What are antibiotics?
(b) Name any two antibiotics?
(c) How are antibiotics manufactured?
Answer:
(a) Antibiotics are the medicines which kill or stop the growth of the disease-causing microorganisms. The source of these medicines is micro-organisms.

(b) Streptomycin, Tetracycline.

(c) The antibiotics are manufactured by growing specific microorganisms which checks the growth of some other bacteria or microorganisms. Antibiotics are used to cure a variety of diseases. They are also used to control many plant diseases.

Extra Questions Of Chapter 2 Science Class 8 Question 19.
How are bacteria beneficial to us? Explain by giving any three examples.
Answer:
Bacteria are very useful to human beings though some other bacteria are harmful too.
Following are some examples that are very useful to us :

1. Rhizobium: Rhizobium bacteria and blue-green algae present in the soil fix nitrogen from the atmosphere and convert into nitrogenous compounds.
2. Lactobacillus: Lactobacillus bacteria is useful in making curd from milk.
3. Decomposers: Bacteria play an important role in cleaning the environment by decomposing the dead organic matter.

Class 8 Science Chapter 2 Important Questions Question 20.
How can nitrogen be replenished in soil? Explain with an example.
Answer:
Nitrogen in the soil can be replenished by two different ways :
Rhizobium bacteria present in the nodules of the roots of leguminous plants helps in the replenishment of the soil with nitrogen. Rhizobium bacteria takes nitrogen from the atmosphere and fix it directly into nitrogenous compounds. These crops are like beans and peas which with which it has a symbiotic relationship Rhizobium.
Nitrogen sometimes gets fixed through the action of lightning in the clouds. High temperature generated in the lightning fixes the nitrogen to nitrogenous compounds.

Question 21.
What is nitrogen cycle? Describe with the help of a diagram how nitrogen- cycle works.
Answer:
The process of consumption of nitrogen by living beings (animals and plants), taking it from the atmosphere and returning back to the atmosphere by various processes, is called nitrogen cycle.
Nitrogen-cycle :

• Nitrogen is one of the essential constituents of all living organisms as part of proteins, chlorophyll, nucleic acids and vitamins.
• The atmospheric nitrogen cannot be taken directly by plants and animals.
• The nitrogen-fixing bacteria and algae present in the soil fix nitrogen from the atmosphere and convert into nitrite and nitrate forms.
• Once nitrogen is converted into these usable forms, it can be utilized by plants through their roots. This is called the process of ‘fixing5 of nitrogen. Fig. Nitrogen cycle
• Nitrogen is then used for the synthesis of amino acids, proteins, etc. in plants. Animals feeding on the plants thus get these nitrogen-containing compounds.
• When plants and animals die, bacteria and fungi present in the soil convert the various compounds of nitrogen back to nitrates and nitrites. Certain specialized bacteria convert nitrates and nitrites into nitrogen gas which goes back into the atmosphere. As a result, the percentage of nitrogen in the atmosphere remains more or less constant. This is how nitrogen cycle works.

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. Rhizobium bacteria present in root nodules of leguminous crops help in
(a) crop-rotation
(b) transplantation
(c) transpiration
(d) nitrogen fixation.
Answer:
(d) nitrogen fixation.

2. The following is a communicable disease :
(a) Tetanus
(b) Common cold
(c) Rabies
Answer:
(b) Common cold.

Extra Questions for Class 8 Science

Check the below Online Education NCERT MCQ Questions for Class 8 Civics Chapter 2 Extra Questions and Answers Understanding Secularism Pdf free download. https://ncertmcq.com/extra-questions-for-class-8-social-science/

Online Education for Understanding Secularism Class 8 Extra Questions Civics Chapter 2

(1) The term is prefered to …………………. .
Answer:
Dalit, untouchables

(2) …………………. one of the great leaders of India shares his experience of caste based discrimination.
Answer:
Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar

(3) Dr. Bhim Kao Ambedkar belonged to …………………. community, which were treated as …………………. in Maharashtra
Answer:
Mahar, untouchables

(4) Dr, Bhim Rao Ambedkar is considered as the father of …………………. .
Answer:
Indian Constitution,

(5) He converted to …………………. in search for a religion.
Answer:
Buddhism.

Question 1.
Mention two factors which lead to differences in the way of living of the people.
Answer:
The two factors which lead to differences in the way of living of the people are :

1. geography of a place makes the people eat different kind of food and wear different type of clothes.
2. the history of the place influences the religion and language of the people.

Question 2.
Why are differences among the people not always good ?
Answer:
Differences among the people are not always good, if we have low opinion about them and think negatively about them.

Question 3.
What is meant by prejudice ?
Answer:
Prejudice means to judge others negatively or see them as inferior. When we think that only one particular way is the best and right way to do things we end up not respecting others, who may prefer to do things differently.

Question 4.
Qive an example of prejudice,
Answer:
If we think English is the best language and other lan-guages are not important, we are judging other languages differently. As a result we may not respect people who speak languages other than English.

Question 5.
Discuss the behaviour of the person influenced by prejudice.
Answer:
A person may be prejudiced about people’s religion, their beliefs, the colour of their skin, the region they come from. Often our prejudices are so strong that we refuse to form friendships with them. We may even act in a way that hurt them.

Question 6.
Give reasons why discrimination takes place in the society ?
Answer:
Discrimination takes place in the society due to several reasons.

• People may belong to different religions, people may speak different languages, live in specific regions, may be discriminated and considered as inferior.
• The people may belong to different economic back-grounds. People who are poor do not have the resources or the money to meet their basic needs of food, clothing and shelter. They are discriminated because they are poor.
• Some people experience both kind of discrimination. They are poor and belong to groups whose culture is not valued. These people are discriminated.

Question 7.
Name the goals set up in the Consitution of India, by the people who wrote it. Write about them.
Answer:
The goals which were set up in the Constitution, by the framers are :
1. Equality :

• Everyone has equal rights and opportunities.
• Untouchability has been abolished by law.
• People are free to choose their profession.
• It is the responsibility of the government to ensure that poor and marginal communities are not deprived on their rights.

2. Freedom : People must have the freedom to follow their religion, speak their language, celebrate their festivals and express themselves freely. They said no one religion, language or festival should become compulsory for all to follow.

3. Secular : India is a secular country where people of different religions and faiths have the freedom to practise and follow their religion without fear of discrimination. Government must treat all religions equally.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What factors influence what we are, how we live, the language we speak, what we eat, wear, etc.?
(а) The geography and history of the place
(b) Economic conditions of the place
(c) Moral values of the people
(d) Religious beliefs of the people.
Answer:
(b) To judge other people negatively.

2. Which one of the following refers to prejudice?
(а) To think other people poor
(b) To judge other people negatively
(c) To insult other people
(d) To pray religious leaders.
Answer:
(b) To judge other people negatively.

3. Which one of the following refers to untouchables?
(a) Those groups of people who placed themselves at the top of the caste ladder
(b) Those groups of people who saw themselves as superior
(c) The groups of people who were placed at the bottom of the caste ladder and seen as unworthy
(d) Those who are above poverty line
Answer:
(c) The groups of people who were placed at the bottom of the caste ladder and seen as unworthy.

4. Which one of the following refers to the Constitution of a country?
(a) A religious book
(b) The national epic
(c) A document that lays out the rules by which the nation would be governed
(d) A set of moral laws
Answer:
(c) A document that lays out the rules by which the nation would be governed.

Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science

Here we are providing Online Education Class 8 History Chapter 9 Extra Questions and Answers Women, Caste and Reform was designed by subject expert teachers. https://ncertmcq.com/class-8-history-chapter-9-extra-questions/

Online Education for Women, Caste and Reform Class 8 Extra Questions History Chapter 9

Question 1.
Till when is Indian National Congress said to be moderate in its objectives and methods?
Answer:
The Congress in the first twenty years was moderate in its objectives and methods.

Question 2.
What was the main objective of moderate leaders?
Answer:
The main objective of moderate leaders was to express their demands and make the government aware of the feelings of Indians.

Question 3.
Who were the main leaders of radicals?
Answer:

• Bal Gangadhar Tilak
• Lala Lajpat Raj
• Bipin Chandra Pal.

Question 4.
What was the famous slogan of % Bal Gangadhar Tilak?
Answer:
Tilak raised the slogan, “Freedom is my birthright and I shall have it.”

Question 5.
When was Bengal partitioned?
Answer:
Bengal was partitioned in 1905.

Question 6.
Who was the Viceroy of India when Bengal was partitioned?
Answer:
Viceroy Curzon.

Question 7.
What do you mean by Swadeshi Movement?
Answer:
The struggle that unfolded after the partition of Bengal, came to be known as the Swadeshi movement.

Question 8.
What is Vandemataram Movement?
Answer:
The struggle that unfolded in deltaic Andhra after the partition of Bengal was known as the Vandemataram Movement.

Question 9.
When was the All India Muslim League established?
Answer:
The All India Muslim League was established at Dacca in 1906.

Question 10.
While the Congress opposed the partition of Bengal, which national organisation supported it?
Answer:
The All India Muslim League.

Question 11.
When did the Congress split?
Answer:
The Congress split in 1907.

Question 12.
When did the two groups of the Congress reunite?
Answer:
The two groups of the Congress reunited in December 1915.

Question 13.
Since when did the struggle against British rule become a mass movement?
Answer:
After 1919, the struggle against British rule gradually became a mass movement.

Question 14.
When did Gandhiji come in India from South Africa?
Answer:
Gandhiji arrived in India in 1915 from South Africa.

Question 15.
State the earliest interventions in the British rule by Mahatma Gandhi.
Answer:
His earliest interventions were in local movements in Champaran, Kheda and Ahmedabad.

Question 16.
What was the role of Gandhiji in Ahmedabad movement of 1918?
Answer:
In Ahmedabad, Gandhiji led a successful millworkers’ strike in 1918.

Question 17.
What is Rowlatt Satyagraha?
Answer:
In 1919, Gandhiji gave a call for a Satyagraha against the Rowlatt Act that is called the Rowlatt Satyagraha.

Question 18.
Which struggle is considered to be the first all-India struggle against the British government?
Answer:
The Rowlatt Satyagraha.

Question 19.
Why did Rabindranath Tagore renounce his Knighthood?
Answer:
On learning about the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, Rabindranath Tagore expressed the pain and anger of the country by renouncing his knighthood.

Question 20.
Who were the leaders of the Khilafat agitation?
Answer:

• Mohammad Ali,
• Shaukat Ali.

Question 21.
Which movement was fought for Hindu-Muslim unity?
Answer:
Khilafat-Non-Cooperation Movement.

Question 22.
What do you mean by Akali agitation?
Answer:
This was the agitation of Sikhs in Punjab which sought to remove corrupt mahants from their gurudwaras.

Question 23.
When did the Civil Disobedience Movement launch?
Answer:
In 1930.

Question 24.
Name the national organisations which came into existence in mid-1920s.
Answer:

• The Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS)
• The Communist Party of India.

Question 25.
When did the Congress resolve to fight for Purna Swaraj? Who was the president of the Congress at the time?
Answer:

• In 1929
• Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.

Question 26.
What is the importance of 26 January 1930 in Indian freedom struggle?
Answer:
As the Congress resolved to fight for Purtia Swaraj in 1929, “Independence Day” was observed on 26 January 1930 all over the country.

Question 27.
Who led a march to break the salt law?
Answer:
Mahatma Gandhi in 1930.

Question 28.
What was salt law?
Answer:
According to the law, the state had a monopoly on the manufacture and sale of salt.

Question 29.
Why did Gandhiji oppose the salt law?
Answer:
Gandhiji along with other nationalists reasoned that it was sinful to tax salt since it is such an essential item of our food.

Question 30.
Who was Ambabai?
Answer:
Ambabai was an active woman participant in the national movement.

Question 31.
Who persuaded Gandhiji to allow women to join the national movement?
Answer:
Sarojini Naidu.

Question 32.
Who was the first Indian woman to become president of the Indian National Congress?
Answer:
Smt. Sarojini Naidu in 1925.

Question 33.
What did the Congress do when the British refused to concede its demand of independence after the Second World War?
Answer:
The Congress ministries resigned in protest.

Question 34.
Who was Veer Lakhan Nayak?
Answer:
He was a legendary tribal leader who defied the British and later was hanged.

Question 35.
What was Quit India Movement?
Answer:
It was the movement initiated by Mahatma Gandhi in 1942 in which he told that the British must quit India immediately.

Question 36.
Who gave the famous slogan “do or die” during Quit India Movement?
Answer:
Mahatma Gandhi.

Question 37.
Who founded the Azad Hind Fauj or the Indian National Army (INA)?
Answer:
Subhas Chandra Bose in 1941.

Question 38.
Who is called the father of Indian Constitution?
Answer:
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar is called the father of Indian Constitution.

Question 39.
What awareness came in the mind of Indians with the idea that India was the people of India?
Answer:
With this idea came the awareness that the British were exercising control over the resources of Indians and the lives of its people and until this control was ended India could not be for Indians.

Question 40.
What were the main motives of the British with regard to partition of Bengal?
Answer:
Though British argued for dividing Bengal for reasons of administrative convenience, but the main British motives were, perhaps, to curtail the influence of Bengali politicians and to split the Bengali people.

Question 41.
What were the objectives of the Swadeshi Movement?
Answer:
The main objectives of the Swadeshi Movement were to oppose British rule and encourage the ideas of self-help, Swadeshi enterprise, national education and use of Indian languages.

Question 42.
What is meant by Lucknow Pact?
Answer:
In 1916, the Congress and the Muslim League signed the historic Lucknow Pact and decided to work together for representative government in the country.

Question 43.
How did Gandhiji spend his first year in India?
Answer:
He spent his first year in India travelling throughout the country, understanding the people, their needs and the overall situation.

Question 44.
What was the Rowlatt Act?
Answer:
The Rowlatt Act was the Act passed by the British government in 1919 which curbed fundamental rights such as the freedom of expression and strengthened police powers.

Question 45.
Why did Gandhiji ask the Indian people to observe 6 April 1919 as a day of “humiliation and prayer”?
Answer:
Gandhiji asked the Indian people to observe 6 April 1919 as a day of “humiliation and prayer” and strike in order to do nonviolent opposition to this Act.

Question 46.
Why is Indian National Congress said to be moderate in its first twenty years?
Answer:

• The Congress SI the first twenty years was moderate in its objectives and methods.
• During this period, it was doing “politics of prayers”.
• It demanded a greater voice for Indians in the government and in administration.
• It demanded that Indians be placed in high positions in the government.

Question 47.
What were the economic demands of the Congress in its early years?
Answer:
The following were the economic demands of early leadership of the Congress :

• The Congress believed that the increase in the land revenue by the British government had impoverished peasants and zamindars. So, it demanded reduction of revenue.
• It demanded to cut in military expenditure.
• It also demanded more funds for irrigation.
• Moreover, it passed many resolutions on the salt tax, treatment of Indian labourers abroad and the sufferings of forest dwellers.

Question 48.
What was Swadeshi Movement? What were its objectives?
Answer:

• The struggle that unfolded after the partition of Bengal, came to be known as the Swadeshi Movement.
• The main objectives of the Movement were to oppose British rule and encourage the ideas of self-help, swadeshi enterprise, national education and use of Indian languages. To fight for Swaraj, the radicals advocated mass mobilisation and boycott of British institutions and goods.

Question 49.
How did Khilafat-Non- Cooperation alliance work?
Answer:

• The Muslim leaders and brothers Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali discussed the Khilafat issue with Gandhi and wished to initiate a full-fledged Non-Cooperation Movement.
• Gandhiji supported their call and urged the Congress to campaign against’ Punjab wrongs, the Khilafat wrong and demand swaraj.

Question 50.
What was Chauri Chaura incidence? Why did it happen?
Answer:

• In February 1922, a crowd of peasants set fire to a police station in which twenty-two policemen were killed.
• The peasants were provoked because the police had fired on their peaceful demonstration.

Question 51.
Explain the term “The Simon Commission”.
Answer:
In 1927, the British government in England decided to send a commission headed by Lord Simon to decide India’s political future. The Commission had no Indian representative. The decision created an outrage in India.

Question 52.
Who threw a bomb in the Central Legislative Assembly on 8 April 1929? What was the aim behind this act?
Answer:

1.

• Bhagat Singh,
• B.K. Dutt.

2. The aim of this act was not to kill but, “to make the deaf hear”, to remind the foreign government of its callous exploitation.

Question 53.
Where and how did Gandhiji break the salt law?
Answer:

• Gandhiji and his followers marched for over 240 miles from Sabarmati to the coastal town of Dandi where they broke the salt law on 6 April 1930.
• They broke the law by gathering natural salt found on the seashore, and boiling seawater to produce salt.

Question 54.
What were the result of the combined struggles of salt satyagraha?
Answer:

• The Government of India Act of 1935 came into existence.
• The Act prescribed provincial autonomy.
• The government announced elections to the provincial legislatures in 1937.
• The Congress formed governments in 7 out of 11 provinces.

Question 55.
Why did the Congress support the British in the Second World War? What did it demand in return?
Answer:

• Congress leaders were critical of Hitler, so they became ready to support the British war effort.
• In return, they wanted that India be granted independence after the war.

Question 56.
Explain the British repression during Quit India Movement.
Answer:

• The first response of the British was severe repression.
• Over 90,000 people were arrested by the end of 1943.
• Around 1,000 were killed in police firing.
• In many areas, orders were given to machine-gun crowds from aeroplanes.

Question 57.
What were the main demands of the Congress in its first twenty years?
Answer:

• The Congress demanded that Indians be placed in high positions in the government since most important jobs at that time were monopolised by British officials. It called for civil service examinations to be held in India as well as in London.
• It also demanded the separation of the judiciary from the executive.
• There should be repeal of the Arms Act.
• It demanded the freedom of speech and expression.
• Since, the increase in the land revenue had impoverished peasants and zamindars, the Congress demanded reduction of revenue.
• Moreover, it demanded to cut in military expenditure and more funds for irrigation.

Question 58.
What political impact did the First World War have on India?
Answer:
The First World War had the following political impact on India :

• The First World War led to a huge rise in the defence expenditure which, in turn, increased taxes on individual incomes and business profits. This agitated the people.
• Increased military expenditure and the demands of war supplies led to a sharp rise in prices which created great difficulties for the common people.
• The war created a demand for industrial goods such as jute bags, cloth, rails, etc. So, Indian industries expanded during the war and Indian business groups began to demand greater opportunities for development.
• A large number of Indian soldiers were sent to serve abroad. Many returned after the war with an understanding that the British were exploiting the peoples of Asia and Africa and with a desire to oppose colonial rule in India.
• As a result of Russian Revolution in 1917, the ideas of socialism circulated widely and inspired Indian nationalists.

Question 59.
Why did the League ask for an autonomous arrangement for the Muslims of the subcontinent?
Answer:
This had the following reasons :

• From the late 1930s, the League began viewing the Muslims as a separate nation from the Hindus.
• It may have been influenced by the history of tension between some Hindu and Muslim groups in the 1920s and 1930s.
• The provincial elections of 1937 convinced the League that Muslims were a minority and they would always have to play second fiddle in any democratic structure.
• It feared that Muslims may even go unrepresented.
• The Congress’s rejection of the League’s. desire to form a joint Congress-League government in the United Provinces in 1937 also annoyed the League.

Question 60.
In which circumstances did the Indian National Congress establish?
Answer:
People were dissatisfied with British rule in the 1870s and 1880s :

• The Arms Act, 1878 disallowed Indians from possessing arms.
• The Vernacular Press Act, 1878 was also enacted in an effort to silence the critics.
• The government withdrew Ilbert Bill as a result of white opposition.
• The need for an all-India organisation of educated Indians had been felt since 1880, but the Ilbert Bill controversy deepened this desire.

The Indian National Congress was established when 72 delegates from all over the country met at Bombay in December 1885. A retired British official, A.O. Hume became its first president.

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. Which of the following political associations was an all-India organisation of educated Indians?
(a) The Poona Sarvajanik Sabha
(b) The Indian Association
(c) The Madras Mahajan Sabha
(d) the Indian National Congress.
Answer:
(d) the Indian National Congress.

2. The early leadership of the Indian National Congress was largely from:
(а) Bombay and Delhi
(b) Bombay and Calcutta
(c) Calcutta and Madras
(d) Delhi and Madras.
Answer:
(b) Bombay and Calcutta.

3. Which of the following pairs is not correct?
(a) The Arms Act – 1878
(b) The Vernacular Press Act -1878
(c) Partition of Bengal – 1906
(d) The Ilbert Bill -1883.
Answer:
(c) Partition of Bengal – 1906.

4. The Congress in the first twenty years was moderate in its objectives and methods. What did it not demand in the following?
(a) It wanted the Legislative Councils to be made more representatives.
(b) It demanded that Indians be placed in high positions in the government.
(c) It wanted the separation of judiciary from the executive.
(d) They argued that people must rely on their own strength and fight for swaraj.
Answer:
(d) They argued that people must rely on their own strength and fight for swaraj.

5. Who said, “Freedom is my birthright and I shall have it”?
(а) Lala Lajpat Rai
(b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(c) Bipin Chandra Pal
(d) Mahatma Gandhi
Answer:
(b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak.

Glossary:

→ Sovereign -This is the capacity to act independently without outside interference.

→ Publicist- It refers to someone who publicises an idea by circulating information, writing reports, speaking at meetings.

→ Repeal – This is to undo law; to officially end the validity of something such as a law.

→ Revolutionary violence – This means the use of violence to make a radical change within society.

→ Council -An appointed or elected body of people with an administrative advisory or representative function.

→ Knighthood – This was an honour granted by the British Crown for exceptional personal achievement or public service.

→ Picket – People protesting outside a building or shop to prevent others from entering,

→ Mahants – This refers to religious functionaries of Sikh gurudwaras.

→ Illegal eviction – It means forcible and unlawful throwing out of tenants from the land they rent.

→ Provincial autonomy-Capacity of the provinces to make relatively independent decisions while remaining within a federation.

Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science

Here we are providing Online Education for Class 6 History Chapter 6 Extra Questions and Answers Kingdoms, Kings and an Early Republic was designed by subject expert teachers. https://ncertmcq.com/extra-questions-for-class-6-social-science/

Online Education for Kingdoms, Kings and an Early Republic Class 6 Extra Questions History Chapter 6

Class 6 History Chapter 6 Extra Questions And Answers Question 1.
How were the rajas chosen in the early times? How were they chosen by about 3000 years?
Answer:
Some of the rajas in the early times were chosen by the Jana, the people about 3000 years ago some changes took place in the way rajas were chosen. Some men come become recognised as rajas by performing very big sacrifices.

Kingdoms Kings And An Early Republic Extra Questions And Answers Question 2.
What was the Ashvamedha sacrifice?
Answer:
It was a horse sacrifice, performed by a ruler after the other rajas had accepted his supremacy and authority.

Ncert Class 6 History Chapter 6 Extra Questions Question 3.
What was the later Vedic literature?
Answer:
Many books were composed in northern India, especially in the areas drained by the rivers Ganga and Yamuna. These books were called later Vedic literature because they were composed after the Rigveda.

Kingdoms, Kings And An Early Republic Extra Questions And Answers Question 4.
Name the Vedas composed after the Rigveda. What did they contain?
Answer:
The Vedas composed after the Rigveda were Samaveda, Yajurveda, ATarveda, They were composed by the priests and described how rituals were to be performed.

Class 6 History Ch 6 Extra Questions Question 5.
Name the different groups of people in the society about 3000 years ago.
Answer:
The different groups of people in die society at this tune were priests and warriors, farmers, herders, traders, craftspersons, labourers, fishing folk and forest people.

Chapter 6 History Class 6 Extra Questions Question 6.
What are janapadas?
Answer:
The word janapada means the land where the Jana sets its foot and settle down. The rajas who performed big sacrifices were recognised as the rajas of the janapadas.

Class 6 History Chapter 6 Extra Questions Question 7.
What is painted grey ware?
Answer:
Painted grey ware was a specially kind of pottery, which had painted designs, usually simple lines and geometric patterns. Plates and bowls were the most common vessels made. They are extremely fine to touch, with a smooth surface. They were used on special occasions to serve food.

Class 6 History Chapter 6 Question Answer Question 8.
How was the ceremony performed by the ruler after the horse returned successfully?
Answer:
The raja was the central figure in the ceremony. He often had a special seat, a throne or a tiger skin. His charioteer, who was his companion on the battlefield and witnessed his exploits related his exploits. The wives and relatives performed minor rituals. The other rulers are simply spectators. Priests perform the various rituals, including sprinkling of sacred water.

Class 6th History Chapter 6 Extra Questions Question 9.
How were the varnas determined? Write about them.
Answer:
Varnas were determined on the basis of birth e.g. if one’s father and mother were Brahmins, one could automatically become a Brahmin and so on. later they classified some people as untouchables. They included crafts persons, hunters and gatherers. The priests said that the contact with these groups was polluting in.

Kingdoms Kings And An Early Republic Questions And Answers Question 10.
How was the Ashwamedha sacrificed performed? Why?
Answer:
In the Ashwamedha sacrifice, the horse was let loose to wander freely and it was guarded by rajas men. If the horse wandered into the territory of other rajas and they stopped it, they had to fight. If they allowed the horse to pass, it meant that they accepted that the raja who wanted to perform the sacrifice was stranger than them. The rajas were invited to the sacrifice, which was performed by specially trained priests. The raja who organised the sacrifice was recognised as being very powerful, and all those who came brought gifts for him.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Why did the raja perform Ashvamedha?
(a) To show victory
(b) To please his citizens
(c) To show his supremacy
(d) To please almighty
Answer:
(c) To show his supremacy.

2. Who was the central figure in Ashvamedha ritual?
(a) The minister
(b) The head of the army
(c) The main priest
(d) The raja
Answer:
(d) The raja.

3. Who were excluded from many rituals of Ashvamedha?
(a) Shudras
(b) Priests
(c) Ministers
(d) Vaishyas
Answer:
(a) Shudras.

4. Which of the following is the later Vedic book?
(a) The Samveda
(b) The Yajurveda
(c) The Atharvaveda
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these.

5. Which one of the area of the sub-continent where social and economic differences were not very sharp?
(a) The north-east region
(b) The north-west region
(c) The south-east region
(d) The southwest region.
Answer:
(a) The northeast region.

6. Name those settlements in the Janapadas which archaeologists have excavated?
(a) Purana Qila in Delhi
(b) Hastinapur near Meerut
(c) Atranjikhera near Etah
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these.

7. The rajas in Jana padas made payments in …………………….. .
(a) paper notes
(b) coins
(c) cheques
(d) all of these
Answer:
(b) coins.

8. In mahajana padas, taxes on crops was fixed at ……………………………… .
(a) 1/3rd of what was produced
(b) 1/4th of what was produced
(c) 1/5th of what was produced
(d) 1/6th of what was produced
Answer:
(d) 1/6th of what was produced.

9. Which of the following was the major change in agriculture in mahajanapada period?
(a) Use of iron ploughshares
(b) Transplanting paddy
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) Both (a) and (b).

Extra Questions for Class 6 Social Science

Check the below Online Education for NCERT MCQ Questions Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Extra Questions and Answers Resource and Development Pdf free download. https://ncertmcq.com/extra-questions-for-class-10-social-science/

Online Education for Resource and Development Class 10 Extra Questions Geography Chapter 1

Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 One Mark Questions Question 1.
What do you mean by soil?
Answer:
The uppermost layer of the earth’s crust, which is loose, fragmented and useful for plants, is known as soil.

Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Extra Questions Question 2.
Point out the factors which contribute to the formation of soil.
Answer:
The main factors which contribute in the formation of soil are the following-

• Rocks
• Climate
• Plants
• Animals
• Local Topography
• Long period of time.

Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Very Short Questions And Answers Question 3.
In which tyes the soils were classified in ancient India?
Answer:
In the ancient India, soils were classified on the fertility basis-

• Fertile (Urvara)
• Sterile (Utara).

Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Extra Questions And Answers Question 4.
How are soil classified on the basis of texture?
Answer:
Soils are classified into the following types or the basis of their texture

• Sandy
• Clayey
• Loamy.

Geography Class 10 Chapter 1 Extra Questions Question 5.
What do you mean by Khadar?
Answer:
Khadar is meant by new alluvial soil which is sandy and light in colour and is found close to rivers.

Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Extra Questions Pdf Question 6.
What is Bhangar?
Answer:
Bhangar is the old alluvial soil which is clayey and dark. It is found away from rivers.

Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Extra Questions Pdf Download Question 7.
Write down the other name of black soil.
Answer:
Regur.

Extra Questions Of Resources And Development Class 10 Question 8.
What is meant by Ravines?
Answer:
Ravines are the badlands in the Chambal basin.

Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Important Questions Question 9.
What gives red colour to the red soil?
Answer:
The red soil gets its colour from the presence of iron.

Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Extra Question Answer Question 10.
To which state is black soil predominantly confined?
Answer:
Black soils are confined to certain parts of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu.

Class 10 Geo Ch 1 Extra Questions Question 11.
How can land degradation in industrial and suburban areas can be reduced?
Answer:
Land degradation in industrial and suburban areas may be reduced by proper discharge and disposal of industrial effluents and wastes after treatment.

Ncert Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Extra Questions Question 12.
Why is soil considered a prime resource?
Answer:
Soil is considered a prime resource because it supports life on the earth. All of the living organisms like plants, animals as well as humans are dependent on soil for their food.

Extra Questions For Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Question 13.
Though India has a very little pasture land yet it has the highest number of cattle. Do you agree?
Answer:
India had only 4% of its land under pastures. Yet it manages the largest number of the cattle. The main reason for this is that the cattle in India are reared mainly on husk, gain chaff and farm waste and a few fodder crops. This is the most economical way to have a large number of drought animals.

Geography Chapter 1 Class 10 Extra Questions Question 14.
Point out the important factors determining the utilisation of land.
Answer:
There are two sets of factors that determine the use of land in India :

1. Physical factors including topography, climate, and nature of the soil,
2. Human factors mainly density of population and the level of economic exploitation of natural resources.

Extra Questions Of Geography Class 10 Chapter 1 Question 15.
Point out the main causes of increase in wasteland.
Answer:
Wasteland is that land which is agriculturally unproductive. The land which is either sandy, rocky or arid is a wasteland. Some lands become wasteland because of human negligence.

Cbse Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Extra Questions Question 16.
Suggest appropriate steps for resource planning.
Answer:
Resources are very valuable forces. If we do not plan them properly we wouldn’t have them anymore in future. Hence the development in future would stop. Because of this fact we must plan our resources very wisely. The following steps may be taken for achieving this goal-

• Wet and marshy lands should be reclaimed and in the same time available lands should be put to optimum use.
• Rivers should be linked to each other and in desired direction.
• The changing of the directions of the river would prevent the water going waste into the sea.
• The wastewater from the factories should be recycled to be used over and over again.
• More special attention should be given to the non-renewable resources like minerals etc.
• For the above purpose wastage during mining and processing should be reduced to the minimum.
• Whenever and wherever possible, alternative products like wood and plastic should be used.
• To prolong the life of our limited metallic mineral resources, scrap should be recycled. Processing iron scrap into steel is a good example.
• New methods should be devised for utilising ores of lower grade.
• To make ourselves sure that the coming generations are not deprived of the benefits of the minerals resources, we should use the available stock of mineral wealth most judiciously.
  If we take above steps wisely, we would be able to plan and save our resources in the wisest way.

Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 One Mark Questions Pdf Question 17.
Briefly introduce the soils found in India.
Or
Which are the main types of soils that are found in India?
Answer:
India is very rich in matter of soils. Indian soils have been classified in various ways. In ancient India, soils were classified on the basis of the fertility as urvara and usara. In the present time soils are classified on the basis of colour.

A brief introduction of the Indian soils may be presented in the following words-
1. Alluvial soil-This type of soils is found over large parts of the country. These are confined mainly to the northern plains, coastal strips and Chhattisgrah basin. This type of soil is generally of two types-

• Khadar-the newer alluvium.
• Bhangar-the older alluvium.

The Khadar is sandy and light in colour. On the other hand the Bhangar is clayey and dark,

2. Black soils-This is also known as Regur soils. These are known for their cultivation value of cotton. These soils have been derived from the Deccan traps and these occur mainly in Maharashtra, Western Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat. In these areas, the black soils are generally deep. Black soils are also found in parts of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.

3. Red soils-These are formed in the areas of igneous and metamorphic rocks. These have in fact developed as the result of weathering. Its red colour is due to the presence of iron in it. These are highly porous and fertile when they are fine-grained and deep. Red soil mainly occur in parts of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and Jharkhand.

4. Laterite soil-These are intensively leached soils of the monsoon climate. They lack in elements of fertility and they are normally of low value of crop production. They are red in colour and composed of little clay and much gravel of red sandstones. These soils are well developed in hills of the Deccan, Karnataka, Kerala, Orissa and even in the parts of Assam and Meghalaya.

5. Mountain Soils-These soils are found in mountainous regions of the country, particularly in Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, eastern ranges, Uttaranchal, Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir.

This type of soils is characterised mainly by deposition of organic materials derived from vegetative cover. These soils are heterogeneous in nature and vary from place to place. For example in the Shiwalik hills, the soils are shallow and immature containing large proportion of decomposed mineral grains. These are also sandy with gravel, porous and devoid of humus.

6. Desert soils-These soils are found in the arid and the semiarid conditions. These are mainly found in the arid areas of Rajasthan, Punjab and Haryana. The sands are partly of local origin and partly have been blown in from the Indus valley. In some areas, the soils also contain high percentage of soluble salt lack in organic matter. Scarcity of water is the main limiting factor for agriculture.

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
India has the following percentage of plateau land.
(a) 27%
(b) 43%
(c) 30%
(d) 25%
Answer:
(d) 25%

Question 2.
The plateau land area does not have the following.
(a) minerals
(b) forests
(c) perennial rivers
(d) fossil fuels.
Answer:
(c) perennial rivers

Question 3.
Black soil is found in one of the following states of India.
(a) Punjab
(b) Maharashtra
(c) Haryana
(d) Himachal Pradesh.
Answer:
(b) Maharashtra.

Question 4.
Yellow and red soils are found in.
(a) Chhattisgarh and Orissa
(b) Orissa and Punjab
(c) Punjab and Chattisgarh
(d) Chattisgarh and Haryana
Answer:
(a) Chhattisgarh and Orissa.

Question 5.
Gully erosion is quite pronounced in the following state.
(a) Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh
(b) Madhya Pradesh and Punjab
(c) Punjab and Rajasthan
(d) Rajasthan and Jammu-Kashmir.
Answer:
(a) Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh

Map Skills

Question 1.
On an outline map of India, show the distribution of soils.
Answer:

Question 2.
On an outline map of India show the following:
(i) Areas of black soil
(ii) Chambal ravines
(iii) Thar desert,
Answer:

Extra Questions for Class 10 Social Science

Check the below Online Education NCERT MCQ Questions for Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 Extra Questions and Answers The Story of Village Palampur with Answers Pdf free download. https://ncertmcq.com/extra-questions-for-class-9-social-science/

Online Education for The Story of Village Palampur Class 9 Extra Questions Economics Chapter 1

Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 Extra Questions And Answers Question 1.
What are the different types of production activities in the village?
Answer:
There are two types of production activities in the village-

1. farming and,
2. non-farm activities. The non-farm activities include small manufacturing, transport and shop-keeping.

Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 Extra Questions Question 2.
Define factors of production.
Answer:
The various inputs required to produce goods and services are called as factors of production. There are mainly four factors of production: land, labour,’ physical capital and human capital.

Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 Short Question Answers Question 3.
Distinguish between fixed capital and working capital.
Answer:
The physical capital which can be used in production over many years is called as fixed capital. For example: tools, machines and buildings. On the other hand, the physical capital which gets completely used up during the production process is called as working capital. For example: raw materials and money in hand.

Economics Class 9 Chapter 1 Extra Questions Question 4.
What is human capital?
Answer:
The knowledge and enterprise required to put together land, labour and physical capital to produce an output either for self-consumption or for sale in the market is called as human capital.

Ncert Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 Important Questions Question 5.
Define multiple cropping.
Answer:
To grow more than one crop on a piece of land during the year is known as multiple cropping. It is the most common way of increasing production on a given piece of land.

Ncert Solutions For Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 Extra Questions Question 6.
Mention tire two ways of increasing production from the same land.
Answer:
The two ways of increasing production from the same land are:

1. Multiple cropping and
2. Using modern farming methods.

Extra Questions For Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 Question 7.
What is the working capital required by the farmer using modern farming methods?
Answer:
The working capital required by the farmer using modem farming methods is HYV seeds, chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

Class 9 Economics Ch 1 Extra Questions Question 8.
What is surplus?
Answer:
The produce left over after self-consumption is called as surplus. This surplus is brought Over to the market for sale.

Economics Chapter 1 Class 9 Extra Questions Question 9.
Briefly explain the four factors of production.
Answer:
Every production is organized by combining land, labour, physical capital and human capital which are known as factors of production.

These factors are explained below:

• Land-If is the first requirement for production of goods and services. The land required for farm activities is practically fixed.
• Labour- The second requirement is labour i.e. people who will do the work. Some activities require highly educated workers like banking and some require workers, for manual work, for example, carpenter.
• Physical capital-Physical capital es the variety of inputs required at every stage dur¬ing production. For example: tools, building, raw materials etc. Physical capital is of two types: fixed capital and working capital.
• Human capital-The knowledge and enterprise required to put together land, labour and physical capital for producing an output either for self-consumption or to sell in the market is called, as human cap.

The Story Of Village Palampur Class 9 Extra Questions Question 10.
What is the main constraint on land?
Answer:
In villages, farming is the main production activity. Most of the people are dependent on fanning for their livelihood. The well being of these people is closely related to production in the farms. The farm production depends upon the land area under cultivation. But there is one constraint on it.

Land area under cultivation is practically fixed. There has been no expansion in land area under cultivation since 1960. By then, some of the wastelands in the village had been converted to cultivable land. There exists no further scope to increase farm production by bringing new land under cultivation.

Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 Worksheet With Answers Question 11.
What is multiple cropping? Explain by giving an example.
Answer:
To grow more than one crop on a piece of land during the year is known as multiple cropping. It is the most common way of increasing production. During different seasons different crops are grown on the same piece of land.

The farmers are able to grow

• Land-It is the first requirement and natural resource. Land is a scarce resource in case of farm activities. Therefore, it must be properly utilised.
• Labour-The second requirement is labour. By labour we mean people who will » do the work. Some production activities require highly skilled and educated workers to perform tire necessary task. Other activities require workers who can do manual work. Each worker is providing the labour necessary for production.
• Physical capital-It is the third requirement. Physical capital means the variety of inputs required at every stage during production.

The items that come under physical capital are:

1. Tools, machines and buildings- Tools, machines and buildings can be used in production over many years, and are called as fixed capital.
2. Raw materials and money in hand- Production requires a variety of raw materials such as the yarn used by weaver and the clay used by the potter. Also, some money is always required during production to make some payments and buy other necessary items. Raw materials and money in hand are called working capital.

Human capital-The fourth requirement of production is human capital. The knowledge and enterprise required to put together land, labour and physical capital to produce an output either for self-consumption or for sale in the market is called as human capital.

Class 9 Economics Chapter 1 Extra Questions Very Short Question 14.
Write a short note on green revolution.
Answer:
The green revolution started in India in the late 1960’s It introduced the Indian farmer to cultivation of wheat and rice using high yielding varieties of seeds (HYV). These seeds give much greater amounts of grain on a Single plant as compared to traditional seeds.

As a result the same piece of land would now produce for larger quantities of foodgrains ‘than was possible earlier. HYV seeds, however, needed plenty of water, chemical fertilizers and pesticides to produce best results.

Higher yields were possible only from a combination. of HYV seeds, irrigation, chemical fertilisers, pesticides etc. Farmers of Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh were the first to try out the modem farming method in India. The farmers in these regions set up tube wells for irrigation and made use of HYV seeds, chemical fertilisers and pesticides. Some of them also bought farm machineries like tractors and threshers. They were rewarded with high yields of wheat.

But green revolution did not come without negative effects. Scientific reports indicated that modern farming methods have overused the natural resource base. In many areas there was loss of soil fertility due to increased use of chemical fertilizers. The continuous use of groundwater for tubewell irrigation has reduced the wafer table below the ground. This is a huge loss. Therefore, one must take care of the environment to ensure future development of agriculture.

The Story Of Village Palampur Extra Questions Question 15.
How do fanners arrange for the capital needed in fanning?
Answer:
Modem farming methods require a great deal of capital, therefore farmers now need more money than before. Different farmers have different source of capital. Most of the small farmers borrow money from large farmers or the village money-lenders or the traders who supply various inputs for cultivation. The rate of interest on such loans is very high. They are put to great distress to repay the loan. Sometimes the small farmers have to work on the fields of medium and large farmers at very low wages to repay the loan. .

In contrast to small farmers, the medium and large farmers have their own savings from farming. These farmers sell their surplus produce in market and get good, earnings. A part of these earnings are saved and kept for buying capital for the next season. Thus, they are able to arrange for the capital for farming from their own savings.

The Story Of Village Palampur Important Questions Question 16.
What is the condition of non-farm sector in villages? How can these activities Be increased?
Answer:
The non-farm activities include small manufacturing, transport shop-keeping etc. At present, the non-farm sector in the village is not very large. Out of every 100 workers in the rural areas in, India, only 24 are engaged in non-farm activities. Though there is a Variety of non-farm activities in the village, the number of people employed in each is quite small.

Unlike farming, non-farm activities require little land. People with some amount of capital can set up non-farm activities. The capital required can be mobilised either from one’s own savings or by taking a loan. It is important that loan be available at low rate of interest so that even people without savings can start some non-farm activities.

Another thing which is essential for non-farm activities is to have market where the goods and services can be sold. As more villages get connected to towns and cities through good roads, transport and telephone, it is possible that the opportunities for non-farm activities production in the village would increase in the coming years.

Ch 1 Economics Class 9 Extra Questions Question 17.
How are three factors of production land, labour and capital used in farming?
Answer:
Among these factors of production, labour is the most abundant factor of production. There are many people who are willing to work as farm labourers in the villages whereas the opportunities of work are limited. They belong to either landless families or small farmers They are paid low wages and lead a difficult life.

In contrast to labour, land is a scarce factor of production. Land has been used to its maximum. There can be no expansion in cultivated land area. Moreover, even the existing land is distributed unequally among the people engaged in farming. There are large number of small farmers who cultivate small plots of land and live in conditions not much better than the landless farm labourers. To make the maximum use of the land farmers use multiple cropping and modem methods of farming both these have led to increase in production of crops.

Modern farming methods require a great deal of capital. Small farmers usually need to borrow money to arrange for the capital and are put to great distress to repay the loan. Therefore, capital to is a scarce factor of production, particularly for the small farmers.

Though both land and capital are scarce, there is a basic difference between the two factors of production. Land is a natural resource whereas capital is man-made. It is possible to increase capital, whereas land is fixed. Therefore, it is very important that we take good care of land and other natural resources used in farming.

Extra Questions for Class 9 Social Science