Online Education Important Questions for Class 12 Chemistry with Answers Chapter Wise

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Online Education for CBSE Class 12th Chemistry Chapter Wise Important Questions with Answers Pdf

  1. The Solid State Chemistry Important Questions Class 12
  2. Solutions Chemistry Class 12 Important Questions with Answers Pdf Download
  3. Electrochemistry Class 12 Chemistry Important Questions
  4. Chemical Kinetics Chemistry Class 12 Important Questions
  5. Surface Chemistry Class 12 Important Questions
  6. General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements Important Questions
  7. The p-Block Elements Important Questions for Class 12 Chemistry
  8. The d-and f-Block Elements 12th Chemistry Important Questions
  9. Coordination Compounds Chemistry Imp Questions
  10. Haloalkanes and Haloarenes Chemistry 12 Important Questions
  11. Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers Chemistry Class 12 Questions
  12. Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids Chemistry 12th Important Questions
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  14. Biomolecules Imp Questions of Chemistry Class 12
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  16. Chemistry in Everyday Life Class 12 Important Questions

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The Rattrap Extra Questions and Answers Important Questions Class 12 English Flamingo

Online Education for The Rattrap Extra Questions and Answers Important Questions Class 12 English Flamingo

Here we are providing Online Education The Last Lesson Extra Questions and Answers Important Questions Class 12 English Flamingo, Extra Questions for Class 12 English was designed by subject expert teachers. https://ncertmcq.com/extra-questions-for-class-12-english/

Online Education for The Last Lesson Extra Questions and Answers Important Questions Class 12 English Flamingo

The Last Lesson Extra Questions and Answers Short Answer Type

The Rattrap Extract Based Questions Class 12 Question 1.
What did the peddler sell? How did he make those things?
Answer:
The peddler sold small rattraps made of wire. He made them himself. He got the material by begging in the stores or at the big farms.

The Rattrap Questions And Answers Class 12 Question 2.
The peddler was given to thievery and hegging. Why?
Answer:
The peddler made small rattraps and sold them. But his business was not profitable. So he had to resort to both begging and petty thievery to keep his body and soul together.

The Rattrap Extract Questions And Answers Class 12 Question 3.
Why did the peddler drive pleasure from his idea of the world as a rattrap?
Answer:
The peddler used to sell rattraps. The world had never been kind to him, so it gave him joy to think ill of it in this way. It became a cherished pastime for him. He thought some people had already been caught in this rattrap while the others are circling around it.

The Rattrap Important Questions And Answers Class 12 Question 4.
Why did Edla plead her father not to send the vagabond away?
Answer:
Edla had felt so happy when she thought how she would be going to entertain the stranger on the Christmas Eve. She could not get away from the idea all at once, and that was why she pleaded her father for the vagabond. She wanted him to enjoy a day of peace with them in their house.

The Rattrap Extra Questions Class 12 Question 5.
Why did the crofter welcome the peddler in his cottage?
Answer:
The crofter lived alone in his cottage. He was without wife and child. He welcomed the peddler to over-come his loneliness.

The Rattrap Question Answer Class 12 Question 6.
How can you say that the crofter was a good host?
Answer:
The crofter was indeed a good host. He welcomed the peddler in his cottage. He shared with him his meal and tobacco. He also played a game of cards with him. All this show that the crofter was a good host.

The Rattrap Question Answers Class 12 Question 7.
What do we learn about the crofter’s nature from the story, “The Rattrap’?
Answer:
The crofter lived alone in his cottage. He welcomed the peddler in his cottage and offered him meal and tobacco. He also played a game of cards with him. Though the crofter was a good host yet he entertained the peddler only to overcome his own loneliness.

The Rattrap Short Questions And Answers Class 12 Question 8.
Why did the crofter show his thirty kronor to the peddler?
Answer:
The crofter was very proud of his cow. He told the peddler that it gave enough milk to support him. To prove himself true he showed his thirty kronor to the peddler which he had received as a payment for the milk.

Rattrap Question Answers Class 12 Question 9.
How did the ironmaster react on seeing the stranger lying close to the furnace?
Answer:
The ironmaster saw the peddler at the forge. The ironmaster walked close to him. He thought the peddler was his one of the regimental acquaintances. He called him by the name of Nils Olof. The ironmaster felt sorry to see his miserable condition and he invited the peddler to his home.

Rattrap Extract Based Questions Class 12 Question 10.
Why didn’t the peddler tell the ironmaster that he was not Captain Nils Off?
Answer:
The peddler thought that if the ironmaster thought that he was an old acquaintance, he might perhaps help him with a few kronor. Therefore the peddler didn’t tell the ironmaster that he was not his old acquaintance.

The Rattrap Extra Questions And Answers Class 12 Question 11.
What did the ironmaster tell the peddler about his family?
Answer:
The ironmaster told the peddler that his wife, Eliza- beth had already died. Both his sons were abroad. There was no one in the house expect his eldest daughter Edla and himself. He thought it would be so nice if the peddler came with him and gave them the company at the Christmas Eve.

Rattrap Extra Questions Class 12 Question 12.
Why did the peddler keep to the woods after leaving the crofter’s cottage? How did he feel?
Answer:
The peddler had stolen the crofter’s money. He realised that he should not continue walking on the public highway. Therefore he turned towards the woods. Initially it caused him no difficulty. Later it became worse for him. He recalled his thought about the world being a rattrap. He thought now his turn had come and he himself had been caught in this rattrap.

Rattrap Short Question Answers Class 12 Question 13.
What made the peddler accept Edla’s invitation? How did he feel?
Answer:
Edla Willmansson noticed that the man was quite afraid. She reassured him that she would be allowed to leave just as freely as freely he came. She said that she only wanted to stay with them on the Christmas Eve. She said that in such a friendly manner ‘ that the rattrap seller could not refuse her. She thought that the young girl would behave with him ‘ kindly.

Rattrap Important Questions Class 12 Question 14.
What doubts did Edla had about the peddler? How did she reassure him?
Answer:
Edla doubted that the man was quite afraid. She thought that the peddler had stolen something or might have escaped from jail. She reassured him that she would be allowed to leave just as freely as freely he came.

The Rattrap Extra Question Answers Class 12 Question 15.
When did the ironmaster realize that the peddler was none of his regimental acquaintances?
Answer:
The valet had bathed the peddler and cut his hair, and shaved him. He was dressed in a good-looking suit of the ironmaster. Though he was so well groomed, the ironmaster didn’t seem pleased. He realised his mistake that the peddler was not his old regimental acquaintance.

Rattrap Extract Based Questions Class 12 Question 16.
What did the ironmaster order the peddler?
Answer:
When the ironmaster saw the peddler in the broad daylight, he came to know that the peddler was none of his regimental acquaintances. Therefore he ordered the peddler to get out of his house at once.

Rattrap Questions And Answers Class 12 Question 17.
How did the peddler defend himself?
Answer:
The peddler made no attempt to defend himself. He knew all his splendour had come to an end. He told the ironmaster that it was not his fault at all. He had not deceived anyone. He projected himself to be a poor trader. But the ironmaster threatened him to take the matter to the sheriff.

The Rattrap Important Questions Class 12 Question 18.
Why did Edla want to entertain the peddler though she knew the truth about him?
Answer:
Edla told her father that the peddler walked and walked whole the year long, and he was not welcomed anywhere. He was afraid of being arrested and cross examined. Therefore Edla wanted the peddler to enjoy a day of peace with them in their house.

Rattrap Class 12 Questions And Answers Question 19.
Why did Edla feel depressed about his decision’to entertain the peddler?
Answer:
At church Edla came to know that a man selling rattraps had robbed the crofter of his thirty kronor. She had entertained that man in his home nicely. Naturally she felt quite depressed when she came to know that the peddler was a petty thief.

The Rattrap Extract Questions Class 12 Question 20.
Why was Edla happy to see the gift left by the peddler?
Answer:
At church Edla came to know that a man selling rattraps had stolen the crofter’s thirty kronor. She was quite dejected and disappointed at her decision to entertain that man in her house. But when she reached home, she came to know that the man had not taken away anything from their house rather he had left a small gift for her. On receiving the gift and reading the letter she felt happy that she was able to free the man from the rattrap of the world.

Question 21.
What was written in the letter that the peddler left for Edla?
Answer:
The peddler wrote, “Since you have been so nice to me all day long, as if I was a captain, I want to be nice to you, in return, as if I was a real captain.The rattrap is a Christmas present from a rat who would have been caught in the world’s rattrap if he had not been raised to captain, because in that way he got the power to clear himself.“Captain von Stahle.”

Question 22.
From where did the peddler get the idea of the world being a rattrap?
Answer:
One day rattrap seller was going his way along the road. Suddenly an idea struck him. He compared the whole world with a rattrap. It offered riches and joys, shelter and food, heat and clothing exactly as the rattrap offered cheese and pork, and as soon as anyone let himself be tempted to touch the bait, it closed in on him, and then everything came to an end. He thought some people had already caught in it and some other are circling around the bait.

Question 23.
Why was he amused by this idea?
Answer:
The rattrap seller considered whole the world like a rattrap. He thought some people had already been caught in it while the others are circling around it. The world had never been kind to him. He was amused to think about it in this way.

Question 24.
Did the peddler expect the kind of hospitality that he received from the crofter?
Answer:
No, the peddler had not expected the kind of hospitality he received from the crofter. He was not welcomed anywhere. He usually met sour faces. But the crofter was living alone. He was happy to have someone for company.

Question 25.
Why was the crofter so talkative and friendly with the peddler?
Answer:
The crofter was without wife and any child. He was happy to get someone to talk to in his loneliness. Therefore, he was so friendly and talkative.

Question 26.
Why did he show the thirty kronor to the peddler?
Answer:
The crofter told the peddler that his cow gave a lot of milk and he sold it to the creamery. He recently had got thirty kronor as a payment for his milk. However, he thought that the peddler didn’t believe his story about the thirty kronor. Therefore, he showed them to the peddler.

Question 27.
Did the peddler respect the confidence reposed in him by the crofter?
Answer:
The crofter showed his thirty kronor to the peddler believing him to be his friend. But the peddler did not respect the confidence reposed in him. He was a petty thief and stole with the crofter’s money.

Question 28.
What made the peddler think that he had in¬deed fallen into the rattrap?
Answer:
The peddler had stolen the crofter’s thirty kronor. He thought that now he had also been caught in the vicious circle of evil. He considered himself caught in, a rattrap and now he was finding no way to get out of it.

Question 29.
Why did the ironmaster speak kindly to the peddler and invite him home?
Answer:
The ironmaster saw the peddler at the forge. The ironmaster walked close to him, looked at him carefully. He thought the peddler was his one of the regimental acquaintances. He called him by the name of Nils Olof. The iron master felt sorry to see his miserable condition, therefore, he invited the peddler to his home.

Question 30.
Why did the peddler decline the invitation?
Answer:
The peddler had with him the stolen thirty kronor. He thought that he would land himself in big trouble by going to the manor house. Therefore, he declined the invitation.

Question 31.
What made the peddler accept Edla Willmansson’s invitation?
Answer:
Edla Willmansson told the peddler that her father had asked her to bring him to their home. She noticed that the man was quite afraid. She thought that the peddler had stolen something or might have escaped from jail. She reassured him that she would be allowed to leave just as freely as freely he came. She said that she only wanted to stay with them on the Christmas Eve. She said that in such a friendly manner that the peddler could not refuse her.

Question 32.
What doubts did Edla have about the peddler?
Answer:
The peddler was in rags and he was looking very frightened. Edla doubted that the man was not much educated. She also thought perhaps he had stolen something or had escaped from jail.

Question 33.
When did the ironmaster realize his mistake?
Answer:
The ironmaster saw the peddler in the broad day¬light. Now he was truly clean and well dressed. The valet had bathed him, cut his hair, and shaved him. He was dressed in a good-looking suit of the ironmaster. He wore a white shirt and a starched collar and whole shoes. Though he. was so well groomed, the ironmaster didn’t seem pleased. He realised his mistake that the peddler was not his old regimental acquaintance.

Question 34.
What did the peddler say in his defence when it was clear that he was not the person the ironmaster had thought he was?
Answer:
The peddler told the ironmaster that it was not his fault at all. He had not deceived anyone. He projected himself to be a poor trader. He only wanted that he should be allowed to stay at the forge.

Question 35.
Why did Edla entertain the peddler even after she knew the truth about him?
Answer:
The ironmaster asked the peddler to leave his house immediately. But Edla did not want the peddler to go. That morning she had felt so happy when she thought how she would be going to entertain the stranger on the Christmas Eve. She could not get, away from the idea all at once, and that was why ,she had interceded for the vagabond.

She told her father that the peddler walked and walked whole the year long, and he was not welcomed anywhere. He was afraid of being arrested and cross examined. The ironmaster’s daughter wanted him to enjoy a day of peace with them in their house. Quite reluctantly the ironmaster agreed to that. It showed that the girl was full of compassion.

Question 36.
Why was Edla happy to see the gift left by the peddler?
Arts.
Edla and her father came to know at the church that the peddler had stolen crofter’s thirty kronor.
She was quite disturbed. The ironmaster thought that he must have stolen something from their house when they reached home. But when they reached home, they came to know that the peddler had not taken anything with him. On the contrary, he had left a small gift for Edla. In the package left by him, there was a small rattrap, three ten- krona notes and a letter. When she read the letter she was very happy that she was able to reform the peddler.

Question 37.
Why did the peddler sign himself as Captain von Stahle?
Answer:
The peddler was invited to the manor house as a captain. Though every truth was revealed about him, yet he was treated as if he were a real captain. Therefore, the peddler signed himself as Captain Von Stahle.

The Rattrap Extra Questions and Answers Long Answer Type

Question 1.
The peddler believed that the whole world is a rattrap. How did he himself caught in the same?
Answer:
The peddler spent his night at the crofter’s cottage. The crofter showed him the thirty kronor he had received as a payment for the milk of his cow. In the morning when the peddler went away to milk his cow, the peddler stole the money and thrust it into his pocket and went away.The peddler was quite pleased at his smartness. However he realised that he should not continue walking on the public highway. Therefore he turned towards the woods. Initially it caused him no difficulty. Later it became worse for him.

The forest was quite confusing. The paths twisted so frequently that he could not understand where he was going. He walked and walked without coming to the end of the woods and finally he realised that he had been walking in the same part of the forest. He recalled his thought about the world being a rattrap. He thought now his turn had come and he himself had been caught in this rattrap.

Question 2.
The peddler thinks that the whole world is a rattrap. This view of life is true only of himself and of no one else in the story. Comment.
Ans.
The world had never been kind to the peddler. He used to sell rattraps. He made them himself and for that he would beg material from stores and farm houses. Even then his business was not profitable. He had to resort to both begging and thievery to keep his body and soul together. That man was a tramp and the world had never been kind towards him. Once a sudden idea came into his mind and he found that idea quite entertaining. He thought that the entire world was nothing but a big rattrap.

It offered all the comforts to the person, exactly as the rattrap offered cheese and pork, and as soon as anyone let himself be tempted to touch the bait, it closed in on him, and then everything came to an end. In this story when he stole the crofter’s thirty kronor he realised that he himself had been caught in the rattrap of the world. However this view of life is true of himself only. The other characters of the story were living a comfortable and good life. The crofter though lonely, had a cow to support him.

The ironmaster were a rich person and he lived in a big manor house. His daughter Edla was a very kind-hearted girl. It who she who helped the peddler to come out of the rattrap of the world. This story clearly shows when a person has to face hard times he became pessimistic.

Question 3.
How did the peddler feel after robbing the crofter? What course of life did he adopt and how did he react to the new situation?
Answer:
The peddler did not respect the confidence that the crofter had shown in him. As soon as the crofter went to milk his cow, the peddler smashed the win¬dow pane and took away the crofter’s thirty kronor. He was quite happy at his smartness. The peddler did not feel any prick in his consciousness due to his act of thievery. But he realised that he must not walk on the public highway. Therefore he turned to the woods. Initially he did not have any problem. Later in the day it became very bad.

It was a big and confusing forest. He tried to walk in a definite direction, but the paths twisted back and forth so strangely. He walked and walked without coming to the ency of the forest. Finally he realised that he had been walking around in the same part of the forest. All at once he recalled his thoughts about the world and the rattrap. He thought now his turn had come. He thought, he had let himself be fooled by a bait and had been caught.

Question 4.
Why did the crofter repose confidence in the peddler? How did the peddler betray that and with what consequences?
Answer:
The crofter was a lonely man. He lived in a roadside cottage. He shared with the peddler his meal and tobacco. He also played a game of cards with the peddler. He told the peddler that his cow supported him, and he received thirty kronor as a payment from the creamery. He showed the peddler three ten-krona bills.

The peddler stole the crofter’s money as he left the cottage to milk his cow. After stealing the money he realised that he must not walk on the public highway. Therefore he turned to the woods. Initially he did not have any problem. Later in the day it became very bad. It was a big and confusing forest. He tried to walk in a definite direction, but the paths twisted back and forth so strangely.

He walked and walked without coming to the end of the forest. Finally he realised that he had been walking around in the same part of the forest. All at once he recalled his thoughts about the world and the rattrap. He thought now his turn had come. He thought, he had let himself be fooled by a bait and had been caught.

Question 5.
Why did ironmaster’s daughter more persuasive than his father while dealing with the peddler. Comment.
Answer:
The ironmaster took the peddler to be one of his regimental acquaintances. He wanted him to spend Christmas Eve with them. But the peddler declined his invitation. The ironmaster sent his daughter to bring the stranger to his house. He hoped that she would persuade the tramp to come to his place. She was followed by a valet, carrying on his arm a big fur coat.

The peddler was lying to the floor with a piece of pig iron under his head and his hat pulled down over his eyes. As soon as the young girl caught sight of him, she went up and lifted his hat. The stranger was still awake and he jumped up and seemed to be quite frightened.

The young girl said that her name was Edla Willmansson and her father had asked her to bring the stranger to their home. She reassured him that he would be allowed to leave just as freely as freely he came. She said that she only wanted him to stay with them on the Christmas Eve. She said that in such a friendly manner that the rattrap seller could not refuse her. He accepted the fur coat, which the valet handed over to him and threw it over his rags, and followed the young lady out to the carriage.

Question 6.
There is a saying ‘Kindness pays, rudeness never. In the story, The Rattrap’ Edla’s attitude towards men and matters from her father’s attitude. How are the values of concern and compassion brought out in this story?
Answer:
Edla’s attitude towards life is very different from that of her father. When the ironmaster came to know that the peddler was none of his regimental acquaintances he was full of rage. He even threatened the matter to be taken the sheriff. He ordered the peddler to leave his house at once.

However Edla, the ironmaster’s daughter is a very kind-hearted girl. Though she comes to know the peddler’s truth she still treats him so well as if he were really a captain. She does not have any selfish motive in serving the peddler. We can say she proves to be an angel in the peddler’s life that he decides to give up thievery and lead a meaningful and honest life.

Question 7.
Describe how the story, The Rattrap’ shows that basic human goodness can be brought out by understanding and love.
Answer:
The protagonist of the story is a peddler. He is a tramp and given to petty thievery and begging. One day he stole a crofter’s thirty kronor. He reached the Ramsjo Ironworks. This iron mill was owned by a very prominent ironmaster. He saw the peddler there and took him to be one of his old regimental acquaintances.

He was full of pity at his miserable condition. The ‘peddler was invited to the ironmas-ter’s house. But when the ironmaster came to realise his mistake he ordered the peddler to leave his house. However the ironmaster’s daughter, Edla, did not want the peddler to go. That morning she had felt so happy when she thought how she would be going to entertain the stranger on the Christmas Eve. She told her father that the tramp walked and walked whole the year long, and he was not welcomed anywhere.

He was afraid of arrested and cross examined. The ironmaster’s daughter told her father that she wanted him to enjoy a day of peace with them in their house. Quite reluctantly the ironmaster agreed to that. At the ironmaster’s house the peddler was treated as if he were a real captain. In the end of the story the peddler changed his ways and decided to live a righteous life. This happened only because of the compassionate and sympathetic treatment of Edla. She brought the basic human goodness in the peddler out by her kind treatment.

Question 8.
How does the peddler interpret the acts of kindness and hospitality shown by the crofter, the ironmaster and his daughter?
Answer:
The crofter, the ironmaster and the ironmaster’s daughter all show kindness and hospitality towards the peddler. The crofter lives by the roadside in a cottage. He lives lonely and is without wife and child. He is happy to have someone for company when the peddler reaches his cottage. He entertains the peddler only to overcome his loneliness.

The ironmaster takes the peddler to be one of his regimental acquaintances. He is moved to see his miserable condition. He wants to help him. There-fore, he invites him to his house. But when he realises that the peddler is none of his regimental acquaintances, he immediately orders him to leave his house.

Ironmaster’s daughter comes to know that the peddler is a poor man and not her father’s acquaintance. Even then she entertains the peddler and treats him very kindly. It is only because of her that the peddler finally changes his ways.

Question 9.
What are the instances in the story that show that the character of the ironmaster is different from that of his daughter in many ways?
Answer:
Ironmaster and his daughter are poles apart as far as their character and temperament. The ironmaster is very practical person. He makes regular visits to the forge to see whether the work is done properly or not. He mistakes the peddler to be one of his regimental acquaintances. He is moved to see his miserable condition. He wants to help him. There-fore he invites him to his home. But when he finds that the man is none of his regimental acquaintances but just a tramp, he orders him to get out cf his house.

However Edla, the ironmaster’s daughter is a very kind-hearted girl. Though she comes to know the peddler’s truth she still treats him so well as if he were really a Captain. She does not have any selfish motive in serving the peddler. We can say she proves to be an angel in the peddler’s life. It is only because of her that he decides to give up thievery and lead a meaningful and honest life.

Question 10.
The story has many instances of unexpected reactions from the characters to other’s behaviour. Pick out instances of these surprises.
Answer:
We can say that there are two instances of unexpected reactions from the character’s behaviour. The first one is the crofter’s behaviour towards the peddler. The peddler had expected that he would not be welcomed by the crofter. On the contrary the crofter provides him shelter for night, food and also tobacco. He also plays a game of cards with him.

The second instance is the behaviour of the ironmaster’s daughter towards the peddler. She comes to know that the peddler is not a former captain but just a mere tramp, even then she goes against the wishes of her father and entertains the peddler so well as if he were a real captain.

Question 11.
What made the peddler finally change his ways?
Answer:
The peddler was a petty thief. But the kind treatment of the ironmaster’s daughter had great effect on his heart. He decided to change his ways. While he left the ironmaster’s house he left a small package as a gift for Edla. When she opened the package, she found in it a small rattrap, and three ten krona notes. In the rattrap there was a letter also. It said: “Since you have been so nice to me all day long, as if I was a captain, I want to be nice to you, in return, as if I was a real captain.

The rattrap is a Christmas present from a rat who would have been caught in the world’s rattrap if he had not been raised to captain, because in that way he got power to clear himself. “Captain Von Stahle”.

Question 12.
How does the metaphor of the rattrap serve to highlight the human predicament?
Answer:
It is the peddler who compares the world to a big  rattrap. He thinks the whole world with its lands ‘and seas, its cities and villages is nothing but a big rattrap. It sets baits for people. It offers riches and joys, shelter and food, heat and clothing, in the same manner as a rattrap offers pork or cheese. As soon as anyone is tempted to touch the bait, it closed in on him and then everything comes to an end.

The peddler says that many people are already have let themselves caught in this dangerous snare while the others are circling the bait.The world has never been kind to the peddler to-wards him. He is chased away wherever he goes. It gives him great joy of thinking the world in this term. In this way, the metaphor of the rattrap serve very well to light the peddler’s predicament.

Question 13.
The peddler comes out as a person with a subtle sense of humour. How does this serve in lightening the seriousness of the theme of the story and also endear him to us?
Answer:
The peddler is a poor man. He sells rattraps that he makes himself by the begged material. Even then he is given to thievery and begging to keep his body and soul together. He takes a very funny view of the world. He compares the world to a rattrap. It sets baits for people. It offers riches and joys, shelter and food, heat and clothing, in the same manner as a rattrap offers pork or cheese. As soon as anyone is tempted to touch the bait, it closed in on him and then everything comes to an end.

The peddler says that many people are already who have let themselves caught in this dangerous snare while the others are circling the bait. The peddler is a happy-go-lucky fellow. He steals the crofter’s thirty kronor but he feels no prick in his heart. He knows that the crofter’s hospitality was nothing but a way to overcome his loneliness. But when he comes in contact with Edla, he transforms completely.

He knows that the girl is full of compassion and this fact makes him change his ways also. In this way his humorous idea about the world and his true character that is revealed in the end of the story endear him to the readers.

Question 14.
The reader’s sympathy is with the peddler right from the beginning of the story. Why is this so? Is the sympathy justified? .
Answer:
The peddler is the protagonist of the story. He is given to thievery only because his business is not profitable. He has to do that to keep his body and soul together. He considers the whole world as a big rattrap. He thinks all the riches as mere baits to catch the human beings in the snare. When he steals the crofter’s money he thinks himself to be caught in the rattrap. He reaches the forge. The ironmaster takes him to be one of his regimental acquaintances. He invites him to his house on the Christmas Eve.

When the ironmaster recognises him he realises his mistake and orders him to leave his house at once. At this juncture his daughter steps in. Though the peddler is totally a stranger for them she still decides to entertain him. Only because of her the peddler is able to come out of the rattrap he is trapped in. He writes a letter to her saying, “Since you have been so nice to me all day long, as if I was a captain, I want to be nice to you, in return, as if I was a real captain.

The rattrap is a Christmas present from a rat who would have been caught in the world’s rattrap if he had not been raised to captain, because in that way he got the power to clear himself. Captain von Stahle.” All these incidents endear him to the reader’s mind and he is also able to have the reader’s sympathy.

Question 15.
The story also focuses on human loneliness and the need to bond with others?
Answer:
In this story the three main characters suffer from loneliness and they want to have bond with others. The first one is the protagonist of the story, the rattrap seller. He is just a poor tramp without any company. He is not welcomed anywhere. The second one is the old crofter. He lives totally alone in his cottage. He is without wife or any child. When the peddler reaches there, he finds a way to overcome his own loneliness. He provides the peddler shelter, food and tobacco. He also plays a game of cards with him.

The third one is the ironmaster. His wife is dead and his sons are abroad. When he sees the peddler he takes him to be one of his regimental acquaintances. He wants him to spend the Christmas Eve with him and his daughter, since they have no one else to accompany them.Thus we can easily deduce that this story focuses on human loneliness and the need to bond with others.

Question 16.
The story is both entertaining and philosophical. Comment.
Answer:
This story is about a peddler who goes around the country selling his rattraps. His business is not profitable, therefore, he resorts to thievery and begging. The story has a lots of interesting elements in it. For example, the spending of night in the crofter’s cottage.

The second element is the case of mistaken identity. The ironmaster thinks that the peddler was one of his regimental acquaintances. He invites him in his house and when he comes to know about his truth he orders him to leave his house.

The ironmaster also threatens the peddler to take the matter to the sheriff. The dialogues between the ironmaster and the peddler are very interesting, This story has a couple of philosophical elements also.. The peddler, like a learned philosopher, considers the whole world to a rattrap. He thinks that many people have already caught in the snare while the many others are circling around that rattrap.

The second philosophical element is that the unconditional love and compassion can change anyone. It is only because of the ironmaster’s daughter’s hospitality and sympathy that the peddler changes his ways of life and saves himself from falling into the rattrap of the world.

The Rattrap Extra Questions and Answers Extract Based

Read the following paragraph and answer the questions that follow :

(Para-1)

The old man was just as generous with his confidences as with his porridge and tobacco. The guest was informed at once that in his days of prosperity his host had been a crofter at Ramajo Ironworks and had worked on the land. Now that he was no longer able to do day labour, it was his cow which supported him. Yes, that bossy was extraordinary. She could give milk for the creamery every day, and last month, he had received all of thirty comor in payment.

Questions :
(a) What did the old man offer to the paddler and why ?
(b) What was old man’s profession ?
(c) Who supported the old man and how ?
(d) What payment did he receive last month ?
Answers :
(a) The old man offered porridge and tobacco to the paddler because he (the old man) was a generous man and lived alone.
(b) After hearing the thumbing, he thought that those were the hammer strokes from an iron mill and there must be people near by.
(c) After having that thought in his mind, he summoned all his strength, got up and staggered in the direction of the sound.
(d) ‘The Rattrap’ is the chapter and ‘Selma Lagerlof is the writer.

(Para-2)

She looked at him compassionately, with her heavy eyes, and then she noticed that the man was afraid. “Ei-ther he has stolen something or else he has escaped from jail,” she thought, and added quickly, “You may be sure, Captain, that you will be allowed to leave as just as freely as you came. Only please, stay with us over Christmas Eve.”
Questions :
(a) Who looked whom and why ?
(b) What did she think after seeing the paddler ?
(c) Why did she come there ?
(d) Why did she add quickly: ‘You may be Christmas Eve.’
Answers :
(a) The girl, the daughter of the ironmaster, Edla Willmansson looked the paddler assuming him as a Captain.
(b) After seeing the paddler, she thought, “Either he has . stolen something or else he has escaped from, jail.”
(c) She came there to carry the paddler with her to their home for celebrating Christmas Eve because her father wanted to do so.
(d) She added quickly : ‘You may be ‘Christmas Eve’, because she wanted the paddler to confirm that he would not be bounded to stay at their house for long.

(Para-3)

After that, Christmas Eve at Ramsjo passed just as it always had. The stranger did not cause any trouble be-cause he did nothing but sleep. The whole forenoon he lay on the sofa in one of the guest rooms and slept at one stretch. At noon they woke him up so that he could have his share of the good Christmas fare, but after that he slept again. It seemed as though for many years he had not been able to sleep as quietly and safely as here at Ramsjo.
Questions :
(a) Why did the stranger not cause any trouble ?
(b) Where was he sleeping continuously ?
(c) What happened at noon ?
(d) Why was he sleeping too much at Ramsjo ?
Answers :
(a) The stranger did not cause any trouble because he, whole day, did nothing but sleep (only).
(b) In one of the guest rooms, on the sofa, he was sleep-ing continuously and at one stretch.
(c) At noon they woke him up so that he could have his share of the good Christmas fare, but after that he slept again.
(d) It seemed as though for many years he had not been able to sleep as quietly and safely as here at Ramsjo.

(Para-4)

The wagon had hardly stopped at the front steps when the ironmaster asked the valet whether the stranger was still there. He added that he had heard at church that the man was a thief. The valet answered that the fellow had gone and that he had not taken anything with him at all. On the contrary, he had left behind a little package which Miss Willmansson was to be kind enough to accept as a Christmas present.
Questions :
(a) What did the ironmaster ask the valet ?
Ob) What was the news at church ?
(c) What was the answer of the valet ?
(d) What did the paddler left behind and why ?
Answers:
(a) The ironmaster asked the valet whether the stranger was still there.
(b) At church, there was the news of theft at Crofter’s house and the thief was that paddler who stayed in ironmaster’s house.
(c) The valet answered that the fellow had gone and that he had not taken anything with him at all.
(d) The paddler left behind a little package becausd’in this way he wanted to thank Miss Willmansson and gift her the Christmas present.

Should Wizard hit Mommy Extra Questions and Answers Important Questions Class 12 English Vistas

Online Education for Should Wizard hit Mommy Extra Questions and Answers Important Questions Class 12 English Vistas

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Online Education for Should Wizard hit Mommy Extra Questions and Answers Important Questions Class 12 English Vistas

Should Wizard hit Mommy Extra Questions and Answers Short Answer Type

Should Wizard Hit Mommy Questions And Answers Class 12 Question 1.
When would Jack tell her daughter, Jo, a story? When had this custom begun?
Answer:
Jo’s father Jack used to tell her a story in the evenings and for Saturday naps. This custom began when Jo was two but now she was four years old. Thus, he had been telling her the stories for the last two years.

Should Wizard Hit Mommy Extra Questions And Answers Class 12 Question 2.
What base tale had the each story?
Or
What was the basic plot of each story told by Jack?
Answer:
Each story would have a same base tale and it would come out from Jack’s own head. In each tale there would be a small creature, usually named Roger (Roger Fish, Roger Squirrel, Roger Chipmunk, etc.). It would have some problem and a wizard would solve that problem.

Should Wizard Hit Mommy Important Questions Class 12 Question 3.
What is mother skunk’s role in the story?
Answer:
he wizard gave the skunk the fragrance of roses. When he entered his home his mother became very angry at this smell. He took Roger with her to wizard and hit him on his head with her umbrella. The wizard gave back the skunk his original smell.

Should Wizard Hit Mommy Question Answers Class 12 Question 4.
What problem did Roger Skunk face when he went to play with his friends? How did he solve it?
Answer:
Roger Skunk smelled very bad. No one liked to play with him due to the foul smell emitted from his body. A wizard with the help of his magic wand and spell gave him the fragrance of roses. In this way his problem was solved.

Should Wizard Hit Mommy Extra Questions Class 12 Question 5.
Why did Roger Skunk go to the owl? What advice did he get?
Answer:
Roger Skunk smelled very bad. No creature would like to play with him. He went to the owl to get his advice in this regard.

Should Wizard Hit Mommy Questions Class 12 Question 6.
How did the wizard solve .the skunk’s problem?
Answer:
The wizard asked the skunk what he wanted to smell like. At this the skunk told her that he wanted to smell like roses. The wizard took his magic wand and chanted a spell. Soon, the whole inside of the wizard’s house was filled with the fragrance of roses.

Should Wizard Hit Mommy Question Answer Class 12 Question 7.
What ‘new phase’ had come in Jo?
Answer:
Jo was no longer a passive listener. She had become quite inquisitive. She would ask questions if something was not clear to her. Sometimes, her questions would put Jack in an awkward situation. He felt that his head had become empty.

Should Wizard Hit Mommy Important Questions And Answers Class 12 Question 8.
How did Jo want the Roger Skunk to end?
Answer:
In the Roger Skunk story, the skunk’s mother hit the wizard on his head and wizard agreed to her. But Jo didn’t like this end of the story. She wanted that the wizard should have hit the mommy back. According to her the wizard had done nothing wrong.

Should Wizard Hit Mommy Solutions Class 12 Question 9.
Which do you think is a better ending of Roger V Skunk’s story, Jo’s or father’s? Why?
Answer:
I think Jo’s father’s ending of the story is better. On the face of it, the reader may think that the mommy had done something bad by hitting the gentle wizard. But we must remember that foul smell is the characteristic feature of the skunks and it protects them from predators. Roger’s mother only wanted to ensure the safety of her child.

Should Wizard Hit Mommy Short Questions And Answers Class 12 Question 10.
Why did Jo think Roger Skunk was better off with the new smell?
Answer:
Roger Skunk’s friends would avoid him because of the foul smell of his body. The wizard gave him the fragrance of roses. Now all his friends would play with him. Therefore, Jo thought that Roger Skunk was.better off with the new smell.

Important Questions Of Should Wizard Hit Mommy Class 12 Question 11.
Why does Jo insist that her father should tell her the story with a different ending?
Answer:
Jo is just a child of four. Her perspective of life is different from her father. She does not know about the harsh realities of life. According to her, Roger Skunk was quite happy to play with her friends. But she doesn’t know that the foul smell is the characteristic feature of a skunk.

Should Wizard Hit Mommy Short Questions Class 12 Question 12.
Who is Jo? How does she respond to her father’s story-telling?
Answer:
Jo is a little girl of about four. When she was two years old her father started the tradition of telling her story in the evenings apd Saturday naps. The little girl would sleep while listening to the story. But now she is about four. She has become quite inquisitive. She never sleeps while listening to the story. On the other hand, she would ask her father many questions.

Jack would find it difficult to answer her questions. He started feeling that her head has become empty. Now he realizes that the reality phase has come to the life of child. She now does not take the things on their face. She always wants to know the true reason for everything.

Extra Questions Of Should Wizard Hit Mommy Class 12 Question 13.
What do you think was Jo’s problem?
Answer:
In fact, there was no problem with Jo. Now she was in the growing phase of her life. Like other children of her age she did not take the things at their face value. She had become very inquisitive. She wanted to know the reason behind each thing.

Should Wizard Hit Mommy Summary And Question Answers Class 12 Question 14.
How does Jo want the story to end and why?
Answer:
In this story the mommy hits the wizard on his head with no fault of his. Now Jo wants that the wizard should hit the mommy back on her head. Since Roger Skunk himself had requested for the fragrance of roses therefore the wizard had done nothing wrong. And the mommy could not be justified in her act of hitting the wizard.

Should Wizard Hit Mommy Long Questions Class 12 Question 15.
Why does Jack insist that it was the wizard that was hit and not the mother?
Answer:
Jack does not want that Jo should form any negative opinion about a mommy. He wants her to form the idea that a mommy should be loved and respected by the child. His perspective towards life is entirely different as compared to his daughter. He insists that the little skunk’s mommy loves him very much. Therefore she wants that no harm should come to him. Thus in his own way he justifies his hitting of the wizard.

Question 16.
What makes Jack feel caught in an ugly middle position?
Answer:
Jo is a little girl of about four. She could not digest the end suggested by her father to a story about a skunk. In this story, the mommy hit the wizard with her umbrella without any of his fault. Now Jo doesn’t like this end at once. She wants that wizard should hit mommy back. This puts Jo’s father Jack in an ugly middle position.

Question 17.
Why is an adult’s perspective on life different from that of a child’s?
Answer:
An adult has his own likes and dislikes. He views life from his own vision. He has his own prejudices. But on the other hand child is free from any such preconceived notions. His responses are very clear. A child does not tolerate any injustice. Unlike an adult, he does not make any compromises. There¬fore an adult’s perspective on life is different from that of a child’s.

Should Wizard hit Mommy Extra Questions and Answers Long Answer Type

Question 1.
How does Jo want the story to end and why?
Answer:
Jo is just a child of four. She does not know about the harsh realities of life. In the story told by her father, Roger Skunk was given the fragrance of roses because he wanted that. For Roger it was a moment of happiness since now he could enjoy with his friends. For a child life is nothing more than a play. Therefore Jo thinks that Skunk’s mother had done something very wrong by hitting the gentle wizard. She wanted that the story should be ended in a different way.

She thought that the wizard had given Roger the fragrance of roses because he wanted to smell like roses. According to her, the wizard was not at all at fault. But Roger’s mother had unnecessarily hit him on his head. Jo thought that the mommy had not done the right thing. She wanted that the wizard should retaliate and hit the mommy back.

Question 2.
What impression do you form of Jack as a father?
Answer:
Jack is a very loving father. He loves his daughter, Jo, very much. He tells her a story in the evenings and for afternoon naps. He just wants to amuse his daughter in this way. Each of the stories comes out of his own head. Now Jo has grown up. Now she is four years old. She has become very inquisitive. Sometimes Jack finds it very difficult to answer her questions.

One day, he tells her a story of Roger Skunk. Roger Skunk smelled very bad. All his friends would run away from him. Then with the help of a wizard, he got the fragrance of roses. His mother became very angry when she found that: She immediately went to the wizard and hit him on his head. At this the wizard returned the skunk his original smell. But Jo did not agree with this ending. She wants that the wizard should have hit the iribmmy back. But Jack as a father does not want that the child should form any unfavourable opinion about her mother.

Question 3.
Roger Skunk’s mother finds the smell of roses detestable on Roger, implying that he should accept himself as he is. Adults as well as young people are often misjudging issues, people and circumstances based on appearance. Is an ob¬session for disappearance us to appreciate our true selves? Explain.
Answer:
It is said that appearances are often deceptive. It is person’s internal beauty that matters. In this story, Roger Skunk is annoyed at his natural smell. It is the law of nature that everyereature is given some protective device to save itself from its enemy. The . foul smell of the skunks keeps the predators away. But Roger Skunk does not like his particular skunk smell. His only concern is his playmates that run away from him due to his foul smell. Therefore, he goes to the wizard and gets the fragrance of the roses.

When he enters his home his mommy becomes very angry. She goes to the wizard and hits him on his head and Roger gets back his original and natural smell.Not only the kids but also the adults are obsessed with external beauty. Demand for fair-complexioned bride or handsome groom is there in the matrimonial columns of every newspaper. But we must remember that beauty is skin deep. We can’t judge any person’s worth on the basis of his/her appearance.

Question 4.
How did Jack end the Roger Skunk story? How and why did Jo want to change it?
Answer:
In the story, a skunk named Roger Skunk was very annoyed at the smell of his body. His body emitted a very foul smell. No other creature would like to play with him. He went to the Wise Owl. The owl told him to go the wizard. The wizard gave the skunk the smell of roses. He became very happy.

He played with his friends. But when he went to his home, his mommy became very angry. She asked him as to who give him that smell. The skunk replied that it was the wizard. The mommy took the skunk to the wizard. She hit the wizard with her umbrella. The wizard gave the skunk back again his foul smell. But Jo did not like the end suggested by his father. She wanted that the wizard should hit the mommy

Question 4.
What is the moral issue that the story raises?
Answer:
This story raises a very pertinent question. The question is Are the elders ever right? We can say after reading this story we can easily say that many a time elders is wrong. They must learn from the younger ones. In the story told by Jack to his daughter the wizard gave smell of roses to the skunk because the latter wanted that.

But the skunk’s mommy hit him for no fault of his. Jack wanted to justify his action, but his daughter Jo felt that the mommy had done something very wrong and the wizard must have hit her back on her head. The blind obedience by children could not be justified at all. This is the moral issue that this story raises.

Question 5.
What possible plot line could the story continue with?
Answer:
Each of the stories told by Jack had almost the plot line there would be some creature, he would have certain problem, he would go to the Wise Owl, the owl would send it to a wizard and the wizard would solve the creature’s problem. In this story also that a skunk named Roger Skunk was very annoyed at . the smell of his body. His body emitted a Very foul smell. No other creature would like to play with him. He went to the Wise owl. The owl told him to go the wizard. The wizard gave the skunk the smell of roses.

He became very happy. He played with his friends. But when he went to his home his mommy became very angry. She asked him as to who give him that smell. The skunk replied that it was the wizard. The mommy took the skunk to the wizard. She hit the wizard with her umbrella. The wizard gave back again the skunk his foul smell.

Question 6.
What is your stance regarding the two endings to the Roger Skunk story?
Answer:
There are two possible stances regarding the ending of this story. The first stance is a child’s stance. She feels that the mommy had not done right in hitting the wizard. The wizard should have hit the mommy back on her head. But Jack has his own perspective. He does not want that the child should form any negative opinion about her mommy.

Besides this the foul smell is a characteristic feature of a skunk that keeps the predators away. Therefore the writer has titled this story ‘Should Wizard Hit Mommy?’ In this way, it is up to us which stance we take. But according to me, both Jack and Jo are right in their stances.

Class 12 English Important Extra Questions with Answers | English Important Questions Class 12

Class 12 English Important Extra Questions with Answers | English Important Questions Class 12

Online Education for Class 12 English Important Extra Questions: Here we are providing NCERT Important Extra Questions for Class 12 English Flamingo and Vistas with Answers Pdf Download. Students can get Class 12 English NCERT Solutions, Important Questions of English Class 12 were designed by subject expert teachers.

CBSE NCERT English Class 12 Important Questions with Answers aid students in preparing for their sophomore years start by developing a strong foundation in English subject. This Class 12 English Extra Questions will not only support CBSE Board, UP, MP, Gujarat Board students to score good marks in their internal exams, board exams but also helps to crack the hardest competitive exams like NEET, JEE Main, JEE Advanced, AIIMS, etc. Read on to find out everything regarding CBSE NCERT Extra Questions And Answers for Class 12 English.

Online Education for English Core Class 12 Important Questions with Answers Pdf Download

Students can check out the Higher Secondary/ 12th Class CBSE NCERT English Important Extra Questions Class 12 subject for all lessons from the quick links provided over here.

Important Questions for Class 12 English Flamingo

Important Questions for Class 12 English Flamingo Prose

  1. The Last Lesson Extra Questions
  2. Lost Spring Extra Questions
  3. Deep Water Extra Questions
  4. The Rattrap Extra Questions
  5. Indigo Extra Questions
  6. Poets and Pancakes Extra Questions
  7. The Interview Extra Questions
  8. Going Places Extra Questions

Important Questions for Class 12 English Flamingo Poetry

  1. My Mother At Sixty-six Extra Questions
  2. An Elementary School Classroom in a Slum Extra Questions
  3. Keeping Quiet Extra Questions
  4. A Thing of Beauty Extra Questions
  5. A Roadside Stand Extra Questions
  6. Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers Extra Questions

Important Questions for Class 12 English Vistas

  1. The Third Level Extra Questions
  2. The Tiger King Extra Questions
  3. Journey to the end of the Earth Extra Questions
  4. The Enemy Extra Questions
  5. Should Wizard hit Mommy Extra Questions
  6. On the face of It Extra Questions
  7. Evans Tries an O-level Extra Questions
  8. Memories of Childhood Extra Questions

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Answer:
Just by referring to this page, you all can easily access and collect the unit-wise extra questions for class 12 English for better preparation.

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Answer:
Yes, there are many online portals in this internet world that provide extra questions to prepare effectively and score better marks in the 12th-grade English board exams.

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Answer:
Learninsta.com is the best & trusted website to discover the list of extra questions for 12th class English board exams.

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Answer:
Our provided Ncert Solutions for Class 12 English is the best question bank & study material for preparing all the topics included in the 12th English subject. Also, it holds unit-wise extra questions for class 12 English board exams.

Online Education 1 Mark Questions for History Class 12 Chapter 9 Kings and Chronicles: The Mughal Courts

Here we are providing Online Education 1 Mark Questions for History Class 12 Chapter 9 Kings and Chronicles: The Mughal Courts are the best resource for students which helps in class 12 board exams.

Online Education One Mark Questions for History Class 12 Chapter 9 Kings and Chronicles: The Mughal Courts

Question 1.
Who was the first ruler of the Mughal Empire?
Answer:
Babur was the first Mughal King.

Question 2.
How did Babur relate to Ghenghiz Khan?
Answer:
Babur was related to Ghenghiz Khan from his mother’s side.

Question 3.
Name few of the successors of Babur.
Answer:
Humayun, Akbar, Jehangir, Shahjehan, Aurangzeb etc.

Question 4.
Who gave a defeat to Humayun?
Answer:
Sher Shah Suri defeat Humayun.

Question 5.
Who is considered as the greatest Mughal Empire?
Answer:
Akbar is considered as the greatest Mughal Empire.

Question 6.
Who was the last powerful Mughal Emperor?
Answer:
Aurangzeb was the last powerful Mughal Emperor.

Question 7.
Name few of the Chronicles prepared during the Mughal Empire?
Answer:
Baburnama, Akbarnama, Shahjahannama, Alamgirnama etc.

Question 8.
In which language most of the Chronicles were written in the Mughal period?
Answer:
In Persian language.

Question 9.
What was the .centre of manuscript production during the Mughal empire?
Answer:
Kitabkhana was the centre of manuscript production during the Mughal Empire.

Question 10.
What was the Nastaliq?
Answer:
It was a style of calligraphy, a fluid style with long horizontal strokes.

Question 11.
What was Sheria?
Answer:
Sheria was an Islamic law.

Question 12.
In how many books, the Akbarnama is divided?
Answer:
Akbarnama is divided into three books and the third book is Akbarnama.

Question 13.
Who was Humayun ? How was he forced to run away from India ?
Answer:
Humayun was the son and successor of Babur. He expanded the frontiers of his empire. However, he was defeated by the Afghan leader Sher Shah Suri and was forced to run away from India.

Question 14.
What happened to Humayun when he ran away from India ?
Answer:
Humayun had to take refuge in the court of the Safavid ruler of Iran when he was drove into exile. In 1555 C.E., he defeated the Surs but died an year later.

Question 15.
How did the Mughal dynasty came to an end in India ?
Answer:
With the death of Aurangzeb in 1707 C.E., the power of the empire diminished. Many regional powers emerged in place of large Mughal empire. Yet symbolically, the prestige of Mughal rulers remained there. In 1857 C.E., the last scion of this dynasty, Bahadur Shah Zafar was overthrown by the British. In this way, the Mughal dynasty came to an end in India.

Question 16.
Who were the authors of the Mughal chronicles ? On which four points did they concentrate ?
Answer:
The authors of the Mughal chronicles were the court historians. All the chronicles emphasised the following points :
(i) Events associated with the ruler
(ii) Family of the ruler
(iii) The royal court
(iv) Wars and administrative provisions

Question 17.
Who founded the Asiatic Society of Bengal and when ? Tell any one work done by it.
Answer:
The Asiatic Society of Bengal was founded by Sir William Jones in 1784 C.E. This society published the edited versions of Akbarnama and Badshahnama in the nineteenth century.

Question 18.
Explain any two works done by Akbar to enhance the idea of Sulh-i-Kul.
Answer:
(i) Akbar gave positions and awards to Turanis, Afghans, Rajputs and Deccanis purely on the basis of their service and loyalty to the king.
(ii) He abolished the tax on pilgrimage in 1563 C.E. and Jizya in 1564 C.E. as both were based on religious discrimination.

Question 19.
What was Jizya ? Who abolished it ? By whom was it again imposed ?
Answer:
Jizya was a tax imposed on non-Muslim subjects. It was abolished by Akbar in 1564 C.E. and was again imposed by Aurangzeb.

Question 20.
Which was the favourite symbol to represent the idea of Justice of Mughal monarchy ? What does it mean ?
Answer:
The favourite symbol to represent the idea of justice of Mughal monarchy was the motif of the lion and the lamb (or cow) peacefully nestling next to each other. It was meant to signify that both the weak and the strong could exist in harmony.

Question 21.
How Mughal rulers kept control over court society ?
Answer:
Social control in court was exercised by forms of address, courtesies and speech which were acceptable in court. Even a small mistake of etiquette was noticed and punished right on the spot.

Question 22.
Which were the highest forms of salutation to the ruler by the Mughal courtiers ?
Answer:
(i) Sijda or complete prostration.
(ii) Chahar Taslim.
(iii) Zaminbos, i.e., kissing the ground.

Question 23.
Which Mughal emperor began the practice of Jharokha Darshan ? What was his objective behind this ?
Answer:
Jharokha Darshan was introduced by Akbar. According to this, emperor appeared on a small balcony, facing the east, giving a view to crowds of people standing below. Its objective was to broadening the acceptance of the imperial authority as part of popular faith.

Question 24.
What were Zat and Sawar ranks ? What was the main difference between them ?
Answer:
Zat and Sawar were the ranks or mansabs of Mughal officials based on numerical destinations. As Zat was an indicator of position in the imperial hierarchy and salary of the official but Sawar indicated towards the number of horsemen which he was required to maintain in his service.

Question 25.
Why Mughal emperor wanted to keep control over Kabul and Kandhar ?
Answer:
All conquerers who wanted to conquer the Indian sub-continent had to cross Hindukush to have an access to north India. That is why there was a constant policy of Mughals and that was to ward off this potential danger by controlling strategic outposts, i.e., Kabul and Kandhar.

Question 26.
“Jesuits were greatly respected during Akbar’s time”. Give three reasons in favour of this statement.
Answer:
(i) At public assemblies, the Jesuits were given places in close proximity to Akbar’s throne.
(ii) Jesuits accompanied Akbar on his campaigns and tutored his children.
(iii) Jesuits were often companions of the leisure hours of the Emperor.

Question 27.
What was the ‘philosophy of light’ created by Akbar and Abul Fazl ? Why was this used ?
Answer:
According to philosophy of light created by Akbar and Abul Fazl, a divinely inspired individual has top most sovereignty over his people and full control over his enemies. This philosophy was used to shape the image of the king and ideology of the state.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English Vistas Chapter 5 Should Wizard hit Mommy

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Should Wizard hit Mommy NCERT Text Book Questions and Answers

Should Wizard hit Mommy Reading with insight

Question 1.
What is the moral issue that the story raises?
Answer:
The characters in Jack’s stories held the narrator’s views that he had derived from personal experience. Telling the story to his daughter, Jo, Jack tried to encourage moral good. The characters react according to values based on his personal conviction.
In Roger Skunk’s story, the skunk smelt so bad that none of the other little creatures would play with him. With the skunk’s disgrace, Jack recalled his own humiliation as a child. The wizard granted Roger Skunk his wish and soon he smelt of roses. He found friends as a consequence of changing himself, but his mother felt that he smelt awful. She took him back to that “awful wizard”, and made the wizard change Roger back.

When Jo felt that Roger Skunk’s mommy was stupid, Jack emphatically defended her. He argued that the little skunk loved his mommy more than he loved all the other little animals and believed that his mommy knew what was right. Through his story, evidently, Jack reiterated the fact that parents know what is best for their children and advocates unquestioning obedience in the children.

Question 2.
How does Jo want the story to end? Why?
Answer:
Jo, like any normal child, wanted the story to have a happy ending. She did not want the skunk to be shunned by his friends for a lifetime. She was happy when the skunk smelt of roses and gained acceptability. So, she could not bear the fact that Roger Skunk’s mommy felt that a skunk should smell like one and had him changed back.

Jo was sorry for the skunk who had been insulted by the other creatures for such a long time. She wanted to change the end of the story. She wanted the wizard to hit the skunk’s mommy on the head and not change the little skunk back into a foul-smelling creature.

Question 3.
Why does Jack insist that it was the wizard that was hit and not the mother?
Answer:
Jo’s insistence that the wizard should hit mommy back, angered Jack. Jack insisted that it was the wizard that was hit and not the mother because every time Jack created a story, he laced it with some autobiographical details. Roger Skunk’s insult was based on his own childhood—he remembered “certain humiliations” of his own. Jack felt he was telling her “something true, something she must know”. Thus, when Roger Skunk’s mommy found the smell of roses awful, she took him back to the wizard.

She hit the wizard right over the head with an umbrella and made him change his smell. When Jo insisted the wizard hit mommy, Jack refused to do so. Evidently, he had been taught by his own mother to embrace his individuality at the cost of popularity. He wished to pass on the moral to his daughter in the garb of a simple story. With “rare emphasis” Jack defended the mommy as if “he was defending his own mother to her”. He refused to alter the end and insisted that the little skunk loved his mommy more than he loved all the other little animals and she knew what was right for him.

Question 4.
What makes Jack feel caught in an ugly middle position?
Answer:
Jack continued telling the story even when he heard Clare moving around heavy furniture though she was six months pregnant. After Jack finished the story, he went downstairs. He saw his wife, Clare wearing an old shirt of his on top of her maternity dress, painting the chair.
He thought of the woodwork as confining as a cage and felt himself caught in an ugly middle position.

This is a representation in fiction of the way in which the male psyche is reinforced by the patriarchal cultural climate of the 1950s that began to unravel during the 1960s and 1970s. The unsettling of gender roles and perspectives is further reflected in the story. The male chauvinistic attitude was reflected even while he was telling the story to his daughter. When Jo thought the story was over, jack resented her attitude. He did not like women when they took anything for granted. He liked them apprehensive, hanging on to his words.

Question 5.
What is your stance regarding the two endings to the Roger Skunk story?
Answer:
Agreeing with the end of Jo’s story:

  • Poetic justice—good rewarded
  • Tiny skunk was innocent so it was unfair to punish him
  • The skunk had found friends after a long time
  • Being isolated and humiliated is not good for a child’s psyche
  • Mommy needed to sympathise with Roger Skunk’s emotion

Agreeing with the end of Jack’s story:

  • The world is based on individual differences
  • One has to be true to one’s identity
  • Parents are a better judge of the situation
  • Life has to be accepted in totality in all its colours

Question 6.
Why is an adult’s perspective different from that of a child?
Answer:
An adult’s perspective is different from that of a child’s because

  • children have a rose-tinted view of the world while adults are more realistic, even cynical.
  • duty, morals, individuality, etc. are terms that children realise later in life.
  • children understand only the reality that they have been exposed to and cannot think of ideas and feelings in abstraction.
  • children understand only basic emotions such as happiness and sadness.
  • children cannot justify or explain an unhappy ending.

Should Wizard hit Mommy Extra Questions and Answers

Should Wizard hit Mommy Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
How did Jo respond to her father’s story-telling?
Answer:
Jo listened to her father’s stories with interest and looked forward to the ritual. However, Jack felt that working his way through this routine was especially tiring on Saturday, because Jo never fell asleep any more. Jo patiently listened to the story and at times predicted the happy end with delight.

Question 2.
What similarity did Jack view in Roger Skunk and himself?
Answer:
The tiny little Roger Skunk smelt very bad. None of the other little woodland creatures agreed to play with him. He was alienated by his peers and he was left alone in tears. Jack’s empathy with the creature revealed that he had faced humiliations of a similar nature in his own childhood. He identified with the plight of Roger Skunk.

Question 3.
How did the Wizard help the skunk?
Answer:
The Wizard rummaged around for his magic wand and asked Roger Skunk what he wanted to smell like. Roger replied that he wished to smell like roses. The skunk’s wish was fulfilled. He was pleased with his transformation and was happy to have friends to play with.

Question 4.
How did Roger Skunk find the extra pennies?
Answer:
The Wizard asked the skunk to go to the end of the lane and turn around three times and look down the magic well and there he would find three pennies.

Question 5.
What had upset Jo about the Skunk’s story? How did Jack react to it?
Answer:
Roger Skunk’s mother felt that Roger should smell like a little skunk and not like roses. She took Roger Skunk back to that wizard and hit him right over his head with an umbrella and made him change Roger back. This upset Jo, she wanted the wizard to hit Mommy back and refuse to change Roger back. Jo’s . reaction upset Jack. He tried to make her see how Roger Skunk’s mother knew what was best for Roger.

Question 6.
What story did Jo want to hear the next day? Why? What was the father’s reaction?
Answer:
Jo pleaded with Jack to continue with the same story, the next day, where the wizard hit Roger’s mommy back with the magic wand. Being a child, she looked forward to a happy ending and could identify with the seclusion of the skunk. But Jack refused, he wanted the little skunk to listen to what his mommy thought was best for him. He reasoned with Jo that Roger loved his mother more than all the other little animals, and she knew what was right for him.

Should Wizard hit Mommy Long Answer Questions

Question 1.
Jack had a typical pattern of story that he told Jo. What was the pattern?
Answer:
The characters in Jack’s stories were based on his personal experiences. Through the stories that he told his daughter Jo, Jack tried to encourage goodness and decency. The animal characters in each story, a small creature, usually named Roger (Roger Fish, Roger Squirrel, Roger Chipmunk), reacted according to values based on personal conviction. The character had some problem and went with it to the wise old owl. In Roger Skunk’s story, the skunk smelt so bad that none of the other little creatures would play with him.

The owl told him to go to the wizard, and the wizard performed a magic spell that solved the problem. The wizard would then demand in payment more pennies than that Roger Creature had, but he would direct the animal to a place where the money could be found. Then Roger would be happy and play many games with other creatures, and go home to his mother just in time to hear the train whistle that brought his daddy home from Boston and they would have a sumptuous meal.

Question 2.
What was Roger Skunk’s problem? How was it resolved?
Answer:
In Roger Skunk’s story, Roger Skunk smelt very bad. It was because of his foul smell none of the other little creatures would play with him. Tiny animals called him Roger “Stinky Skunk” which made him miserable.He could do nothing but cry. The owl suggested that Roger Skunk meet the wizard. He told Roger that to go there the skunk needed to go through the dark woods, under the apple trees, into the swamp, over the crick to the wizard’s house. The wizard granted Roger Skunk his wish and soon he smelt of roses. He found friends with his new smell but his mother felt that he smelt awful. She took him back to that “awful wizard”, hit him on his head and the wizard made Roger Skunk smell bad again.

When Jo felt that Roger Skunk’s mommy was stupid, Jack emphatically defended her. He argued that the little skunk loved his mommy more than he loved all the other little animals and believed that his mommy knew what was right. Through his story, evidently, Jack reiterated the fact that parents know what is best for their children and advocates the unquestioning obedience of the children.

Question 3.
Why was Roger Skunk’s mommy not happy with the change in her child? What did she do?
Answer:
When Roger Skunk went to the wizard and told him he had no friends because of his foul smell, the wizard with his magical powers changed Roger Skunk’s foul smell to a very pleasant one. When Roger Skunk ran out into the woods, smelling of roses, all the other animals gathered around him because he smelled so good: But Roger Skunk’s mommy felt that he smelt awful. She took Roger Skunk to the wizard and hit him over his head with an umbrella. She made the wizard make Roger Skunk smell very bad again. After Daddy Skunk came home from Boston they had a sumptuous meal and mommy hugged Roger Skunk and said he smelled like her baby.

Question 4.
Why was Jo not happy with end of story? Why did her father not agree with her?
Answer:
Jo, like any other child, wanted the story to have a happy ending. She did not want the skunk to be rejected by his friends. She was happy when the skunk smelt of roses and was accepted by his friends. As a result she could not bear the fact that Roger Skunk’s mommy felt that a skunk should smell like one and she hit the wizard over the head, who in turn made Roger Skunk smell very bad again.

Jo felt sorry for the skunk who had been insulted by the other creatures for smelling bad. It was for the first time . that he had found company of his friends. Therefore, in order to change the end of the story, she wanted the wizard to hit the skunk’s mommy on the head and not change the little skunk back into a foul-smelling creature.

Question 5.
Jack’s stories were autobiographical. Justify this statement with reference to the skunk’s story.
Answer:
Jack created the stories out of his mind. Therefore, the stories were bound to have some autobiographical details. The story of Roger Skunk who smelled so bad that none of the other little woodland creatures would play with him was out of his own childhood. He remembered “certain humiliations of his own”. He evoked Jo’s pity by tracing Roger Skunk’s tears along the side of her nose. Jack felt he was telling her “something true, something she must know”.

Thus, when Roger Skunk’s mommy found the smell of roses awful, she took him back to the wizard. She hit the wizard right over the head with an umbrella and made him change his smell to the original one. When Jo insisted the wizard hit mommy, Jack retorted sharply. With “rare emphasis”, Jack defended the mommy as if “he was defending his own mother to her”. He was not willing to alter the end of the story and insisted that the little skunk loved his mommy more than he loved all the other little animals, since she knew what was right for him.

Question 6.
The story depicts Jack’s tension based on his perception of gender roles. Give reasons to justify your answer.
Answer:
While Jack was telling the story, he heard sounds of furniture being moved but he did not go down to help Clare, though he knew that she should not move heavy things as she was six months pregnant. After Jack finished the story, he went downstairs and saw his wife, Clare wearing an old shirt of his on top of her maternity dress, painting the chair. He visualized the woodwork as a cage and he felt caught in an ugly middle position.

He felt that both of them were caged together. He did not want to speak with her, work with her or touch her. This is a representation in fiction of the way in which the male psyche is reinforced by the patriarchal cultural climate of the 1950s that began to unravel during the 1960s and 1970s. This unsettling of gender roles and perspectives is further reflected in the story. The male chauvinistic attitude was reflected even while he was telling the story to his daughter, Jo, who assumed the story to be over. But, Jack did not like women when they took anything for granted; he liked them apprehensive, hanging on his words. Thus, he deliberately contained them in his story.

Question 7.
The story within a story is dealt with very convincingly. Justify.
Answer:
Jack narrated the story of Roger Skunk to Jo. The story effectively brings out Jack’s emotions and the child’s perspective. Jack creates a story out of his mind with autobiographical details. In Roger Skunk’s isolation, he recalls “certain humiliations of his own”. He wishes Jo to know “something true”, something she must know “and has (had) no wish to hurry on”. Jack wishes her to realize that the skunk’s mommy loves him very much. She knows what is right for him. He defends the skunk’s mommy from Jo’s allegation of her being stupid, with rare emphasis, as though he was defending his own mother to her.

With Jo, on the other hand, Updike successfully brings out the child’s perspective. She has learnt about a new creature, a skunk, at nursery school, and wants him as the hero of her bedtime story. Her joy and sorrow is linked to that of the protagonist, the skunk. She does not want to dwell on his sorrow. On the contrary, she wants him to get over his troubles quickly and wishes for the story to have a happy ending. She expresses her emotions, likes and dislikes immediately, like any other four-year-old. She longs for the story to end on an optimistic note—“that the wizard took that magic wand and hit that mommy”.

Question 8.
What is your stance regarding the two endings to Roger Skunk’s story?
Answer:
The end of Jo’s story ensures poetic justice—where good is rewarded. Roger Skunk was innocent and having him suffer comes across as unjust. The skunk had found friends after long. Being isolated and humiliated is not good for a child’s psyche. It is important that his mommy understood his need for acceptance amongst his peers. The end of Jack’s story gives out that the world is based on individual differences. One has to be true to one’s identity. Parents are better judge of the situation. One should accept of life in all its colours.

Question 9.
There is a hint of marital discord in the story. Justify.
Answer:
Certain threads in the story, which come up, like digressions from time to time hint at the marital discord between Jack and his wife. When Jack heard a chair scrape downstairs, he realized his wife was at work but he “had no wish to hurry on”. He made a dispirited observation of Jo’s expression “without a trace of sincerity” and was reminded of his wife’s feigning pleasure at cocktail parties. He continued with the story, leaving his pregnant wife to move around heavy furniture.

After the story, Jack went downstairs and watched his wife labour, but did not help her. He felt “caught in an ugly middle position” and must have felt trapped in responsibility and marriage. The use of the image of the “cage” while reveals his dissatisfaction with his marriage. The story ends with the most poignant and telling lines—“…he did not want to speak with her, work with her, touch her, anything”.

Online Education for Poster Writing Class 12 Format, Examples, Samples, Topics

Poster Writing Class 12

Online Education for Poster Writing Class 12 Format, Examples, Samples, Topics

A poster is a useful means of making an announcement or appeal or to create awareness in the public interest. It is issued by the political parties, NGOs, Education Department, Family Welfare Department, etc.

This grammar section explains English Grammar in a clear and simple way. There are example sentences to show how the language is used. NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English will help you to write better answers in your Class 12 exams. Because the Solutions are solved by subject matter experts. https://ncertmcq.com/poster-writing-class-12/

Poster Making Questions Class 12

Purpose Posters can be used for highlighting the following:

  • cultural shows/exhibitions/seminars/workshops/fairs/fetes, etc.
  • educational institutions and student’s activities
  • social themes/problems
  • general A poster has certain important features. These include:

Layout

  • The poster should be visually attractive.
  • It should contain a catchy title.
  • It should contain a sketch or simple visuals to make it look attractive.
  • It must have different fonts in different shapes and sizes.

Content

  • The theme/subject must come across clearly.
  • Description/details related to the theme should be given.
  • Essential details, e.g. date, time, venue, must be included.
  • Names, i.e. issuing authority, organizers, must be mentioned.

Expression

  • Attention must be paid to the organizing and sequencing of content.
  • Appropriate language must be used.
  • Creativity in language and design must be encouraged.

Posters recapture and recreate the basic moods and styles of three modes of communication, i.e. notices, advertisements and invitations. They should, thus, be so designed so as to captivate the attention of the onlookers. To achieve this, the poster must use bold and capital letters, striking designs and ornate work. Catchy phrases and slogans are the lifeline of posters.

Poster Writing

Important points

  • Maintain brevity as there is limited space available.
  • Clarity is essential in order to successfully put the message across.
  • The poster should look attractive.
  • Use visuals/pictures to create interest and get the message across. The visual/colours must add to and not detract from the message.
  • Arrange content in a pleasing, readable way. The wordings of the poster should be centred in an appealing manner.
  • The first line should introduce the purpose of the poster, e.g. A Health Mela, A School Fete, etc.
  • Mention relevant contact details.
  • Include other details that would awaken the interest of the reader.
  • The name and address of the issuing organization must be clear.
  • Catchy slogans/captions can be used to make the message effective.

♦ Sample Poster:

Poster Making Question Question 1.
Design a poster that creates awareness to donate organs. (4marks)
Answer:
Poster Making Questions Class 12

Poster Making Class 12 Question 2.
Design a Poster on ‘Save Water.’
Answer:
Poster Writing

Poster Writing Class 12 Question 3.
Design a Poster on Creating awareness about the importance of voting.(4 marks)
Answer:
Poster Making Question

Question On Poster Making Question 4.
Design a poster inviting people to an e-learning fair.
Answer:
Poster Making Class 12

Poster Writing Topics Question 5.
Design a poster creating awareness to save girl child.
Answer:
Poster Writing Class 12

Questions For Poster Making Class 12 Question 6.
Design a poster creating awareness about the conservation of oil.
Answer:
Question On Poster Making

Question For Poster Making Class 12 Question 7.
Design a poster inviting people to a rally, promoting women empowerment by restricting violence. (4 marks)
Answer:
Poster Writing Topics

Poster Making Format Class 12 Question 8.
Design a poster to encourage tourism by promoting the concept of ‘Incredible India’. (4 marks)
Answer:
Questions For Poster Making Class 12

Poster Making Questions For Class 12 Question 9.
Design a poster creating awareness about child adoption.
Answer:
Question For Poster Making Class 12

Questions On Poster Making Class 12 Question 10.
Design a poster creating awareness about the government’s Digital India program. (4 marks)
Answer:
Poster Making Format Class 12

Poster Writing Format Class 12 Question 11.
Your school is organizing a Public Awareness Exhibition. In connection with it, prepare a poster to bring home the importance of conservation of electricity. Your school is A.K. Public School, Green Park, Delhi.
Answer:
Poster Making Questions For Class 12

Poster Making Sample Questions Class 12 Question 12.
In a recent survey, it was found that your city has the highest rate of pollution in the country. Innumerable vehicles on the road and lack of green cover have made the air unfit to breathe. Draft a poster in about 50 words, creating awareness about the need to keep your city clean and green. You are Rakshita/Rohit of MVN Public School. (4 marks) [CBSE Sample Paper 2016]
Answer:
Questions On Poster Making Class 12

Online Education for Cash Flow Statement Class 12 Important Questions Accountancy Chapter 11

Here we are providing Online Education Class 12 Accountancy Important Extra Questions and Answers Chapter 11 Cash Flow Statement. Accountancy Class 12 Important Questions and Answers are the best resource for students which helps in class 12 board exams.

Online Education for Class 12 Accountancy Chapter 11 Important Extra Questions Cash Flow Statement

Cash Flow Statement Important Extra Questions Very Short Answer Type

Question 1.
Mevo Ltd., a financial enterprise had advanced a loan of ₹ 3,00,000, invested ₹ 6,00,000 in shares of the other companies and purchased machinery for ₹ 9,00,000. It received dividend of ₹ 70,000 on investment in shares. The company sold an old machine of the book value of ₹ 79,000 at a loss of ₹ 10,000.
Compute Cash flows from Investing Activities. (CBSE Delhi 2019)
Answer:
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 11 Cash Flow Statement 1
Note: As it is clearly mentioned that shares are purchased for investment. They have been treated as investing activities.

Question 2.
Give the meaning of ‘Cash Equivalents’ for the purpose of preparing Cash Flow Statement.(CBSE Delhi 2019)
Answer:
“Cast equivalents” means short term highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into known amount of cash & which are subject to an in significant risk of changes in value.
For Ex-short term marketable securities.
The primary purpose of the statement of cash flows is to provide information about cash receipt, cash payments, and the net change in cash resulting from the operating, investing and financing activities of a company during the period.

Question 3.
What is meant by ‘Cash Flows? (CBSE Delhi 2019)
Answer:
Cash Flows imply movement of cash in and out due to some non-cash items.

Question 4.
K Ltd., a manufacturing company obtained a loan of ₹ 6,00,000, advanced a loan of ₹ 1,00,000 and purchased machinery for ₹ 5,00,000. Calculate the amount of Cash Flow from financing and investing activities.
Answer:
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 11 Cash Flow Statement 2

Question 5.
How will ‘commission received’ be treated while preparing cash-flow-statement ? (CBSE Delhi 2019)
Answer:
It will be treated as Cash flows from operating activities.

Question 6.
How is ‘dividend paid’ treated by a financial enterprise for the purpose of preparing cash flow statement?
Answer:
Dividend paid is treated as a financing activity.

Question 7.
When can ‘Receipt of Dividend’ be classified as an operating activity ₹ State. Also give reason in support of your answer. (CBSE Delhi 2019)
Answer:
Receipt of dividend can be an operating activity for a financial company as it is a principal revenue generating activity.

Question 8.
What is meant by ‘Cash Flow Statement’ ? (CBSE Outside Delhi 2019)
Answer:
A Cash Flow Statement is a statement that provides information about the historical changes in Cash & Cash Equivalents of an enterprise by classifying cash flows into Operating, Investing and Financing Activities.

Question 9.
What is meant by ‘Cash Flows’? (CBSE Outside Delhi 2019)
Answer:
Cash Flows imply movement of cash in and out due to some non-cash items.

Question 10.
K Ltd., a manufacturing company obtained a loan of ₹6,00,000, advanced a loan of ₹1,00,000 and purchased machinery for ₹5,00,000. Calculate the amount of Cash Flow from financing and investing activities.
Answer:
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 11 Cash Flow Statement 3

Question 11.
How will ‘commission received’ be treated while preparing cash-flow-statement ? (CBSE Outside Delhi 2019)
Answer:
It will be treated as Cash flows from operating activities.

Question 12.
How is ‘dividend paid’ treated by a financial enterprise for the purpose of preparing cash flow statement?(CBSE Outside Delhi 2019)
Answer:
Dividend paid is treated as a financing activity.

Question 13.
M/s Mevo and Sons.; a bamboo pens producing company, purchased a machinery for ₹ 9,00,000.
It received dividend of ₹ 70,000 on investment in shares. The company also sold an old machine of the book value of ₹ 79,000 at a loss of ₹ 10,000. Compute Cash flow from Investing Activities
(CBSE SP 2019-20)
Answer:
Cash flow from Investing Activities
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 11 Cash Flow Statement 4

Question 14.
Give any two examples of cash flows from operating activities.
Answer:
(i) Cash Sales
(ii) Cash Purchases

Question 15.
What is meant by ‘Financing Activities’ for preparing Cash Flow Statement? (CBSE 2019 Compt.)
Answer:
Financing activities are the activities that result in change in capital or borrowings of the enterprise.

Question 16.
What is mean by investing activities for preparing Cash Flow Statement? (CBSE 2019 Compt.)
Answer:
Investing activities (as per AS-3) are the acquisition and disposal of long term assets and other investments not included in cash equivalents.

Question 17.
State the primary objective of preparing Cash Flow Statement. (CBSE 2019 Compt.)
Answer:
The primary objective of preparing Cash Flow Statement is to provide useful information about cash inflows and outflows of an enterprise during a particular period.

Question 18.
What is meant by‘Cash Flow Statement’? (CBSE 2019 Compt.)
Answer:
Cash Flow Statement is a statement showing inflows and outflows of cash and cash equivalents during a particular period.

Question 19.
Cashier of Y Ltd. withdrew ₹ 2,00,000 from bank. Will this transaction result into inflow, outflow or no flow of cash? Give reason in support of your answer. (CBSE 2019 Compt.)
Answer:
No flow of cash as there is no change in cash and cash equivalents.

Question 20.
Interest received and paid is considered as which type of activity by a finance company while preparing the cash flow statement. (CBSE 2018)
Answer:
Operating Activity for both.

Question 21.
Under which type of activity will you classify ‘Rent received’ while preparing cash flow statement? (CBSE Sample Paper 2018-19)
Answer:
Rent received is inflow of cash from Investing Activities.

Question 22.
Give any one example of cash inflows from operating activities other than cash receipts from sale of goods and rendering of services.
Answer:
Royalties

Question 23.
P P Limited is Share Broker Company. G G Limited is engaged in manufacturing of packaged food. P P Limited purchased 5,000 equity shares of₹ 100 each of Savita Limited. G G Limited also purchased 10,000 equity shares of₹ 100 each of Savita Limited.
For the purpose of preparing their respective Cash Flow Statements, under which category of activities the purchase of shares will be classified by P P Limited and G G Limited? (CBSE Sample Paper 2017-18)
Answer:
(a) For P P Limited: Operating Activity
(b) For G G Limited: Investing Activity

Question 24.
Cash Flow Statement shows inflows and outflows of ‘Cash’ and ‘Cash Equivalents’ from various activities of an enterprise during a particular period. State one component of cash. (Compt. Delhi 2017)
Answer:
Demand deposits with bank.

Question 25.
Give an example of an activity, which is a financing activity for every type of enterprise. (Compt. Delhi 2017)
Answer:
Issue of shares.

Question 26.
Net increase in working capital other than cash and cash equivalents will increase, decrease or not change cash flow from operating activities. Give reason in support ofyour answer. [Delhi 2017]
Answer:
Decrease.

Question 27.
‘Payment and Receipt of interest and dividend’ is classified as which type of activity while preparing cash flow statement? [Delhi 2017]
Answer:
Payment of Interest and Dividend: Financing Activity Receipt of Interest and Dividend: Investing Activity

Question 28.
‘Cheques and drafts in hand’ are not considered while preparing cash flow statement. Why? [Delhi 2017]
Answer:
Cheques and Drafts in hand are not considered while preparing cash flow statements as they are part of cash and cash equivalents only.

Question 29.
State any one advantage of preparing cash flow statement. [Delhi 2017]
Answer:
It helps in short term financial planning.

Question 30.
Normally, what should be the maturity period for a short-term investment from the date of its acquisition
to be qualified as cash equivalents? (Outside Delhi 2017)
Answer:
90 days/ 3 months.

Question 31.
State whether the following will increase, decrease or have no effect on cash flow from operating activities while preparing ‘Cash Flow Statement’ :
(i) Decrease in outstanding employees benefits expenses by ₹ 3,000
(ii) Increase in prepaid insurance by ₹ 2,000. (Compt. Delhi 2017)
Answer:
(i) Decrease
(ii) Decrease

Question 32.
Will ‘acquisition of machinery by issue of equity shares’ be considered while preparing ‘Cash Flow Statement’ ?
Answer:
No.

Question 33.
The Goodwill of X Ltd. increased from ₹ 2,00,000 in 2013-14 to ₹ 3,50,000 in 2014-15. Where will you show the treatment while preparing Cash Flow Statement for the year ended 31st March 2015? (CBSE Sample Paper 2016, 2017)
Answer:
Investing Activities.

Question 34.
Does movement between items that constitute cash or cash equivalents result into cash flow?
Answer:
No flow of cash and cash equivalents.

Question 35.
‘An enterprise may hold securities and loans for dealing or trading purposes in which case they are similar to inventory acquired specifically for resale.’ Is the statement correct?
Answer:
Yes

Question 36.
‘G Ltd.’ is carrying on a paper manufacturing business. In the current year, it purchased machinery for 7 30,00,000, it paid salaries of ₹ 60,000 to its employees; it required funds for expansion and therefore, issued shares of ₹ 20,00,000. It earned a profit of₹ 9,00,000 for the current year. Find out cash flows from operating activities. (Delhi Compartment 2015)
Answer:
₹ 9,00,000 (as per indirect method and other information is not relevant)

Question 37.
Finserve Ltd. Is carrying on a mutual fund business. It invested ₹ 30,00,000 in shares and ₹ 15,00,000 in
debentures of various companies during the year. It received ₹ 3,00,000 as dividend and interest. Find out cash flows from investing activities. (CBSE Sample Paper 2015)
Answer:
Nil.

Question 38.
State with reason whether the issue of 9 % debentures to a vendor for the purchaser of machinery of ₹ 50,000 will result in inflow, outflow or no flow of cash while preparing cash flow statement. (CBSE Compartment Delhi 2014)
Answer:
No flow of cash.

Question 39.
Interest received by a finance company is classified under which kind of activity while preparing a cash flow statement. (CBSE Sample Paper 2014)
Answer:
Operating Activity.

Question 40.
While preparing cash flow statement of Sharda Ltd. Depreciation provided on fixed asset was added to the net profit to calculate cash flow from operating activities. Was the accountant correct in doing so Give reason.(CBSE Delhi 2014)
Answer:
Yes.

Question 41.
While preparing the cash flow statement of Alka Ltd. Dividend paid was shown as an operating activity by the accountant of the company. Was he correct in doing so?
Answer:
No.

Question 42.
Asia Ltd. declared payment of dividend of ₹ 50,000 on its equity shares. Mention with reason whether it is cash inflow, cash outflow or no cash flow.
Answer:
No cash flow.

Question 43.
A company has issued bonus equity shares of ₹ 2,00,000. Mention with reason whether it is cash inflow, cash outflow or no cash.
Answer:
No cash flow.

Question 44.
Mention the case in which interest received (other than interest on calls in arrears) is treated as cash inflow from operating activities.
Answer:
Cash inflow company.

Question 45.
State with reason whether deposit of cash into bank will result into inflow, outflow or no flow cash. (CBSE 2011 Delhi)
Answer:
No cash flow equivalents.

Cash Flow Statement Important Extra Questions Short Answer Type

Question 1.
From the following particulars, calculate cash flows from investing activities:
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 11 Cash Flow Statement 5
Interest received on debentures held as investment ₹ 60,000.
Dividend received on shares held as investment ₹ 10,000.
A plot of land had been purchased for investment purposes and was let out for commercial use and rent received ₹ 30,000.
Answer:
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 11 Cash Flow Statement 6

Question 2.
From the following information, calculate Cash Flow from Investing and Financing Activities
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 11 Cash Flow Statement 7
In year 2013, machine costing ₹ 2,00,000 was sold at a profit of₹ 1,50,000. Depreciation charged on machine during the year 2013 amounted to ₹ 2,50,000.
Answer:
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 11 Cash Flow Statement 8
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 11 Cash Flow Statement 9

Question 3.
Anand Ltd. arrived at a net income of ₹ 5,00,000 for the year ended March 31,2007. Depreciation for the year was ₹ 2,00,000. There was a gain of₹ 50,000 on assets sold which was credited to profit and loss account. Bills Receivables increased during the year ₹ 40,000 and Bills Payables also increased by ₹ 60,000. Compute the cash flow from operating activities by the indirect approach.
Answer:
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 11 Cash Flow Statement 10

Question 4.
From the information given below you are required to prepare the cash paid for the inventory:
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 11 Cash Flow Statement 11
Answer:
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 11 Cash Flow Statement 12

Question 5.
For each of the following transactions, calculate the resulting cash flow and state the nature of cash flow viz., operating, investing and financing.
(a) Acquired machinery for ₹ 2,50,000 paying 20% drawn and executing a bond for the balance payable.
(b) Paid ₹ 2,50,000 to acquire shares in Informa Tech, and received a dividend of ₹ 50,000 after acquisition.
(c) Sold machinery of original cost ₹ 2,00,000 with an accumulated depreciation of ₹ 1,60,000 for ₹ 60,000.
Answer:
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 11 Cash Flow Statement 13
(ii) Operating Activity.
₹ 20,000 will be deducted (profit sale of machinery), while calculating cash from operating activities due to non-operating profit.

Question 6.
The following is the Profit and Loss Account of Yamuna Limited:
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 11 Cash Flow Statement 14
Additional Informations:
(i) Trade receivables decrease by ₹ 30,000 during the year.
(ii) Prepaid expenses increase by ₹ 5,000 during the year.
(iii) Trade payables decrease by ₹ 15,000 during the year.
(iv) Outstanding expenses payable increased by ₹ 33.000 during the year.
(v) Other expenses included depreciation off 25,000.
Compute net cash provided by operations for the year ended March 31, 2014 by the indirect method.
Answer:
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 11 Cash Flow Statement 15

Question 7.
Calculate Cash Flows from Investing Activities from the following information:
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 11 Cash Flow Statement 16
Additional Information:
A machine costing ₹ 40,000 (depreciation provided thereon ₹ 12,000) was sold for X 35,000. Depreciation charged during the year was ₹ 60,000. (Compt. Delhi 2017)
Answer:
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 11 Cash Flow Statement 17

Cash Flow Statement Important Extra Questions Long Short Answer Type

Question 1.
From the following Balance Sheet of Kiero Ltd. and the additional information as on 31-3-2018, prepare a Cash Flow Statement: (CBSE Delhi 2019)
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 11 Cash Flow Statement 18
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 11 Cash Flow Statement 19
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 11 Cash Flow Statement 20
Additional Information:
12% debentures were issued on 1st September, 2017.
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 11 Cash Flow Statement 21
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 11 Cash Flow Statement 22

Question 2.
From the following Balance Sheet of Dreams Converge Ltd as at 31.3.2018 and 31.3.2017; Calculate Cash from operating activities. Showing your workings clearly. (CBSE SP 2019-20)
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 11 Cash Flow Statement 23
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 11 Cash Flow Statement 24
Additional Information:
L Machinery of the book value of 80,000 (accumulated depreciation ₹ 20,000) was sold at a loss of ₹ 18,000.
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 11 Cash Flow Statement 25
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 11 Cash Flow Statement 26
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 11 Cash Flow Statement 27

Question 3.
From the following Balance Sheets of Vishva Ltd., prepare Cash Flow Statement as per AS – 3 (revised) for the year ending 31st March, 2018
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 11 Cash Flow Statement 28
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 11 Cash Flow Statement 29
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 11 Cash Flow Statement 30
Additional Information:
(a) Tax paid during the year 2017-18 ₹ 4,400
(b) Depreciation on plant charged during the year 2017-18 was ₹ 14,400
(c) Additional debentures were issued on March 31,2018 (CBSE Sample Paper 2018-19)
Answer:
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 11 Cash Flow Statement 31
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 11 Cash Flow Statement 32
Working Notes:
Calculation of Net Profit before Tax and Extraordinary items
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 11 Cash Flow Statement 33
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 11 Cash Flow Statement 34

Question 4.
Following is the Balance Sheet of R.S. Ltd as at 31st March. 2016:
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 11 Cash Flow Statement 35
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 11 Cash Flow Statement 36
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 11 Cash Flow Statement 37
Additonal Information:
(i) ₹ 1,00,000,12% Debenures were issued on 31.3.2016.
(ii) During the year a piece of machinery costing ₹ 80,000, on which accumulated depreciation was ₹40,000, was sold at a loss of ₹ 10,000.
Prepare a Cash Flow Statement. (Delhi 2017, Modified)
Answer:
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 11 Cash Flow Statement 38
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 11 Cash Flow Statement 39
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 11 Cash Flow Statement 40

Question 5.
From the following Balance Sheet of Ajanta Limited as on March 31,2017, prepare a Cash Flow Statement:
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 11 Cash Flow Statement 41
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 11 Cash Flow Statement 42
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 11 Cash Flow Statement 43
Additional Information:
(a) During the year 2016-17, a machinery costing ₹ 50,000 and accumulated depreciation thereon ₹ 15,000 was sold for ₹ 32,000.
(b) 9 % Debentures ₹ 80,000 were issued on April 1, 2016. (CBSE Sample Paper 2017-18)
Answer:
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 11 Cash Flow Statement 44
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 11 Cash Flow Statement 45
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 11 Cash Flow Statement 46

Online Education for Debate Writing Class 12 Format, Examples, Topics, Samples

Debate Writing Class 12

♦ Purpose of Debate:

The purpose of a debate is to show skill and ability in arguing.

This grammar section explains Online Education English Grammar in a clear and simple way. There are example sentences to show how the language is used. NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English will help you to write better answers in your Class 12 exams. Because the Solutions are solved by subject matter experts. https://ncertmcq.com/debate-writing-class-12/

Online Education Debate Writing Class 12 Format, Examples, Topics, Samples

Debate Writing Class 11

♦ Format of a Debate:

  • Salutation: ‘Respected chairperson, honourable judges, and my dear friends…’.
  • Introduction: ‘I am here to present my views for/against the motion…’
  • Body of the argument: May include views, facts, rebutting the statements, questions, etc.
  • Common phrases: ‘I strongly feel that…’, ‘I would like to draw your attention to…’, ‘May I ask all present…’, ‘I wholeheartedly oppose/support…’, ‘In my opinion…’

Debate is a creative expression of a person’s opinion or a perspective on an issue.

♦ Format (150-200 words)

  • Catchy introduction
  • Pre-speech note to draw attention of listeners
  • Formal address to audience
  • Development of the topic
  • Adverse effects
  • Conclusion
  • Formal thanks to audience

♦ Sample Debate:

Debate Writing Format Question 1.
Should schools promote coaching institutes? Taking a cue from the points given below
and using your own ideas, write a debate speech for or against the topic in about 150-200 words.

  • Despite CBSE’s ban, coaching centres running classes in schools
  • Teachers from coaching institutes teach subjects like physics, chemistry and mathematics, English and physical education continue to be taught by the school faculty.
  • Classes in separate sections from 8 a.m. to 12 noon for the CBSE and competitive
    examinations. (10 marks) [CBSE Sample Paper 2017]

Answer:
Respected Chairperson, honourable member of the jury, my worthy opponents and dear audience, I, Bhavik Gautam, would like to speak for the motion, ‘Should school promote coaching institutes’. CBSE has banned coaching centres running classes in school, yet it seems to flourish in both public and private schools as many parents and guardians are very much in favour of it. Firstly, if we look into the monetary aspect from the point of view of both, then we find that both benefit from it by saving on the huge fee and regular conveyance attached to this.

Time management is the second factor. Coping with CBSE syllabus and that of the competitive exams, yet maintaining the required attendance percentage and keeping good health comes after. It is not possible for all parents to judge on the quality of the faculty or time of most advertised institutes. Now, it is the school’s responsibility to see to these factors and provide the best service at affordable cost. The safety of the students who willingly join these extra or coaching classes beyond regular school schedule is also their choice. Competition in some fields is so much that there can hardly be an alternative to this for those who are ambitious and make it to the best educational institutions.

I hope I have been able to get my point of view across to you by now.

Thank you

Debate Format Question 2.
‘Private cars should be banned in the congested commercial areas of the cities.’ Write a debate in 150-200 words either for or against the motion. (10 marks) [CBSE Paper 2017]

Answer:
Respected Chairperson, honourable members of the jury, worthy opponents and dear audience. Today I, Ravi, would like to express my views for the motion, ‘Private cars should be banned in the congested commercial areas of the cities’. For personal well manages economic policies and various schemes floated for consumers, there are more private cars now per family than earlier days. The UN census reveals approximately 7,00,000 people in congested commercial areas succumbing to various types of respiratory diseases. The maintenance of some of the best breads are not up to the mark and the size of vehicles are many a time unwieldy.

Some individuals regard it as a status symbol to flaunt their vehicles according to their rise in income. This often results in parking spaces encroaching upon highways, where trucks and public Vehicles’ movements get clogged and bottlenecks are created. India does not have areas demarcated exclusively for commercial transport movement zone, though a time had been fixed to ease out complication for traffic control. Wholesale and retail markets are most of the time obsession for a chunk of consumers, who buy in bulk. Hence, the incredible traffic jams that occur on weekdays add to the plight of pedestrian, too who helplessly watch the two wheelers taking to the footpaths to avoid the hour long wait or snail-slow movement of traffic.

It is not only the main towns or metropolises that face this situation, but extended towns and districts too share the same fate. If there is any accident, inadvertent heated exchanges, medical help required or if the police have to intervene to set things right, nothing really works out because of this mesh of private vehicles queued up condition. The other aspect is the infrastructure in Indian commercial complexes that is far below international recommended norm. Therefore, unless situations are supportive, private cars should be banned from entering or parking in commercial areas.

Debate Class 11 Question 3.
‘Our large population is not a cause of poverty but an asset, a resource.’ Write a debate in 150-200 words either for or against the motion. (10 marks) [CESE (Delhi) 2017]

Answer:
Respected Chairperson, honourable members of the jury, my worthy opponents and dear audience, today I, Sasank, would like to express my views against the motion, ‘Our large population is not a cause of poverty but an asset, a resource.’

Be it IT jobs, sales, HR, marketing, job hunters frantically crowd at Job Fairs and Career seminars, the literates skilled and semi-skilled ones try their hand digitally or knock at various doors for the so-called interview. Unemployment is, however, a serious social issue and a major challenge for the state and central governments. Though unemployment rate has fallen from 5.20 to 4.90 now, the agricultural sector and agro based industrial sector have a tough challenge.

With the population reaching to 1.3 billion and more and more hungry mouths to feed, natural and man-made resources unable to cope with rising demand for food, shelter and clothing, poverty glares at our face even in a supersonic age. 22% of our population is still below poverty level according to official statistics. Theft, lechery, kidnapping, rape, robbery, and burglary are in most cases committed by migrant labourers, living in slums on the outskirts of town and cities. Many a time, this teeming, unregistered population find their names in the voters’ list or used as muscle power by unethical political leaders creating a class of hoodlums and assassins, etc.

Debate Writing Question 4.
“It is cruel to put stray dogs to sleep.” Write a debate in 150-200 words either for or against the motion. (10 marks) [CASE (AI) 2017, 2019]

Answer:
Respected Chairperson, honourable members of the jury, and my worthy opponents. Today, I, Karan, would like to express my views for the motion, ‘It is cruel to put stray dogs to sleep.’ It’s all in the mind and of course one’s attitude and upbringing with respect to dogs. The mongrels and curs are looked down upon, pelted with stones, kicked or beaten up just because they do not carry a certificate to prove their breed. Initially, for a couple of ‘chapattis’, stale bread or leftover food they practise utmost loyalty to the street, lane, pocket in which they are born and grow up naturally.

Let a stranger try sneaking in quietly, or ragpickers try their hands-on stealth, these stray dogs are the first to set a general alarm, linking up with their kith and kin till the locality is aroused to caution and acceptance. However, some people do not approve of the natural behaviour of these dogs that only bark but not bite. It is true that in some localities, due to the quality of food and care that they receive regularly, these mongrels do look presentable and often surpass the well bred domesticated ones in some homes, hence posing a threat by appearance to those allergic to dogs but this by no way means that authorities have to be intimated and dog catchers fetched to take away these loyal protectors or guards of the locality and finally be put to sleep.

Dogs by nature are harmless and man’s best friend. We need to be less hyper and balanced to co-exist with them who render unpaid loyal service day and night till their last breath and express their gratitude to simple look or a polite tone as a sign of acceptance of their existence. Hence, I hope killing of stray dogs, even legally should be banned.

Debate Format Class 11 Question 5.
“A career counsellor (not you, yourself) is the best person to guide you in the choice of a career.” Write a debate in 150-200 words either for or against the motion. (10 marks) [CBSE (AI) 2017]

Answer:
Respected Chairperson, honourable judges, my worthy opponents and dear audience, today, I, Varun, would like to speak in favour of the motion, ‘A career counsellor is the best person to guide you in the choice of a career’.

Career counsellors use aptitude and achievement tests to help us evaluate our interests, skills and abilities, our backgrounds, education, training and so on to help us develop realistic goals. They also teach us job searching skills like interviewing and networking. They aid us with a career choice when we are flummoxed or frustrated with too many options, especially these days before us. It is they who with their exposures and experience guide us in the best possible directions.

After assessing us through tests, they try matching us with a field suitable for our skills and personality creating the most profitable match possible in terms of job satisfaction and monetary benefits. They often work late hours to ensure a thorough and satisfactory result. Hence, if we wish to have a scientific approach to an appropriate choice of character to prosper and progress in life, then career counsellors are indispensable for us.

Class 11 Debate Writing Question 6.
‘Social media (Facebook, Twitter, etc.) is being used to create disaffection in society.’ Write a debate in 150-200 words either for or against the motion. (10 marks) [CBSE (F) 2017]

Answer:
Dear friends, today, I stand before you to argue in favour of the motion, ‘Social media is being used to create disaffection in society’. These days people spend most of their time on social media, updating all the events of their lives. Social networking on the internet is important currently because the internet is the place to be for everything.

People head to the internet to shop, to sell things, to meet others and to find what they’re looking for. The internet is full of social networking sites and tools that make it very easy to connect with others. For them, it has become more important to connect to more and Ynore people online, rather than make actual connections in person.

It is a dangerous place for the young adults or teenagers to be. For them, it is a time to explore the world. But instead, they get addicted to social media. One can never be sure of what the person is behind the profile that he/she has put up. We’ve even had people committing suicides over rumours spread over some networks about their identities. Another trouble with social media is that it makes us live for others. We want to have more and more friends on our lists, so the world can see, and we can boast about our ‘sociability’.

This gives them undue pressure and stress. It has totally changed the meaning of ‘friendship’. Now, people have more friends with weaker bonds, than the other way around. People with camera phones taking their own pictures with friends they go out with, so they could flaunt it on social media. Social networking is worse than good, and uglier than both. Although it gives us a chance to know people from all over the world and make friends, we are losing our individuality and our identity.

Debate Writing Format Class 11 Question 7.
‘Gyms and fitness centres have reduced the importance of exercise in the park.’ Write a debate in 150-200 words either for or against the motion. (10 marks) [CBSE (F) 2017]

Answer:
Dear friends, today, I stand before you to argue against the favour of the motion, ‘Gyms and fitness centres have reduced the importance of exercise in the park’. Nowadays, increasing number of people are going to the gym more out of convenience and necessity to keep themselves fit, since it is difficult to find open space to walk in the present model of urbanisation.

Moreover, exercising in gym has both its pros and cons, whereas exercising in park is loaded with health benefits provided one can find in the vicinity. Though doing gym is more attractive to the young generation as it gives a better physical health, but it is exercising in the parks which give both physical and mental health. Fitness centres and gyms have also become a quotient of status in the society. People going to gyms are looked upon, whereas those going to parks are looked down upon.

Another major reason for opting gym over the park is the convenient time for exercise. In today’s busy world, people don’t have much time for health. By the time one gets back home, it is already dark and closing time for parks. So, gyms are the best alternatives available. Even though parks are the best medium to connect with nature and be fit, people are shifting to gyms.

Debate Writing Class 11 Format Question 8.
‘Homes for the aged is a necessity in India.’ Write a debate in 150-200 words either for or against the motion. You are Shivam/Shivani. (10 marks) [CBSE Paper 2018]

Answer:
Honourable Jury members, teachers and my dear friends. A very good morning to all of you. Today, I am here to share my views on the topic, “Are old age homes necessary in India?” In today’s world, old age homes are necessary specially in India. Parents educate their children and then they travel to different places and countries which may not suit their parents. Hence, someone looks after their needs. ‘Homes’ here, does mean for the people who are deserted by their children but the people where children are working either abroad or somewhere else where they can’t take them along. They are ready to pay any amount for their welfare.

In another case, if they are abandoned by their children even then it is beneficial for old people as Old Age Homes provide them with security, physical and medical stability. People can play, interact and relax at the same time. I feel, we need old age homes to give some people shelter and to others the time of their lives.

Debate Writing Examples Question 9.
“Everyone should become vegetarian,” Write a debate in 150-200 words either for or against the motion. (10 marks) [CBSE Paper 2018 (C)]

Answer:
Good morning! Respected teachers and my dear friends. Today, I got the opportunity to speak against the motion, “Everyone should become Vegetarian”. Vegetarians are likely to face some difficulties, if they do not eat meat. One of the difficulties is that the individuals have to pay attention to choose the correct balance of vegetarian food that would meet energy needs. If they are in a wrong way of choosing types of vegetables, this may lead to malnutrition.

Benefits of non-veg is that high biological value protein is obtained from this diet. It is a main source of vitamin B complex, i.e., B12. It is rich in certain amino acids which the . body cannot produce on its own. The risk of anaemia is reduced. According to the medical science, a diet constituting of sea food like fish, and eggs sharpen our intellect and promote the smooth functioning of our brain. This ultimately accelerates our wisdom. Non-vegetarians have a wide range of food to choose as in some countries, it is difficult to find the vegetarian food.

Debate Class 11 Format Question 10.
The government has banned the use of animals in the laboratories for the purpose of dissection. Write a debate in 150-200 words either for or against this decision. (10 marks) [CBSE (AI) 2015]

Answer:
Respected Chairperson, honourable judges, and my dear friends, I stand here today, to speak for the motion, ‘Ban the use of animals in the laboratories for the purpose of dissection’. Animal dissection in labs is an unethical and unnecessary part of the secondary school biology curriculum. The millions of animals that are dissected each year in education systems are subjects of severe animal abuse. Animals are often stockpiled on top of one another and shipped in crowded containers with no temperature regulation, food, or water. Animals are treated unjustly, and by conducting dissections, we fund and promote the abuse of animals.

Millions of frogs are brought every year from the wild for dissection purposes. This means that, along with all of the other ways humans are impacting frog populations, such as global climate change and pollution, humans are also destroying their populations. In the school curriculum, children are taught about the biodiversity crisis and all of its negative aspects. However, at the same time, students are encouraged to contribute to it. By continuing with animal dissections, school boards are promoting the mistreatment of the animals.

It is not necessary for students to dissect animals in order to see what the insides of the hnimals look like. If a student were to pursue a career in a field where this is needed, they would have the opportunity to dissect human cadavers in University. However, very few students who participate in these labs in high school will actually go down these career paths. The only thing that an animal dissection lab teaches students is that an animal’s life is disposable and unimportant.

Buying animals for all biology classes can be quite costly. The high school dissection sets are also costly and are used only once or twice. The animals used for dissection are also very costly. Children can learn dissection from programs on Discovery Science where programs explaining detailed dissection are shown. Many educational CDs showing dissections are also in the market. The schools can rather take help of such technology to make the students understand how dissection takes place. This way, not only a lot of money can be saved, but also a lot of innocent animal lives can be saved.

Thank you

Debate Writing Class 11 Examples Question 11.
Some people feel that electronic media (TV news) will bring about the end of print media (newspapers). What are your views on the issue? Write a debate in 150-200 words either for or against this view. (10 marks) [CBSE (AI) 2015]

  • use of visuals on TV
  • authentic and fast
  • not enough news for 24-hour telecast
  • may fabricate news
  • become repetitive and dull
  • even scandals become news
  • print media – time tested
  • analysed, verified news
  • editorial comments
  • cater to all interests

Answer:
Respected Chairperson, honourable judges, and my dear friends, I stand here todav to speak against the motion, ‘Electronic media will bring about the end of print media’. We will keep on buying newspapers, that’s for sure. I feel that it is absurd to think that there will only be online newspapers rather than a variety of options in the future. Though I read e-newspaper every day, I do not feel satisfied till I have read a hard copy of a newspaper.

In fact, there are many like me. It is nice to read updated news but even that can be a problem. Often the reliability of the news is not checked and rumours get printed. Sometimes, reading online can also be a problem. I remember how I was reading an interesting novel on the train, on my iPad and because I hadn’t charged it, the battery ran out. It was so irritating because I had reached almost the end and also because it was a mystery novel. A book with me made my day, though earlier I was cribbing because it felt too heavy for a one-day journey.

One of the things that drives technological changes, such as the proposition that newspapers will go online is not so much our ability to enforce that change as technologists, but our desire as consumers to see it happen. I’m neutral on whether I read my stuff on a digital machine such as a Kindle or an iPad, online or pre-downloaded, or whether I read it on paper. But there are people who want the choice and there is a generation that doesn’t want to adopt the digital newspaper. There are people for whom, because of the upfront cost of the tablet technology, the idea of the digital newspaper will never be right.

It’s not really a question of the so-called authority of paper over online journalism. But the real issue is what the consumer wants. In the past, despite the leading-edge technology available, the public rejected laser disc, minidisc and digital audio tape. People just didn’t want it, and I think that is what will happen with this question. We’ve had newspapers a long time and they aren’t going away in the near future.

Thank you

Debate Writing Class 12 Question 12.
Consumerism is- increasing day by day. Luxuries of yesterday have become necessities of today. The result is that the more we want the more miserable we become. Write a debate in 150-200 words on ‘The only way to minimise human suffering and pain is to control our needs’. You are Navtej/Navita. (10 marks) [CBSE (AI) 2015]

Answer:
Respected Chairperson, honourable judges, and my dear friends, I stand here today to speak for the motion, ‘The only way to minimise human suffering is to control our needs’. Even when people have all they need, they feel deprived. Though they have money, some people stare into empty cupboards or an empty refrigerator bemoaning their circumstances.

Modern consumerism is, in part, a product of our instinct to cope with inner emptiness. Consumerism creates the illusion that we’re rich. This is facilitated by credit cards where one is allowed to make purchases beyond the income level. Advertisements also reshape our desires and push us into buying things which we might not need. We are driven to create the illusion of a pain-free life, full of choices that make us feel in control.

We need multiple choices for each and every thing, so that we feel like kings of the universe. We need faster pain relievers, appliances to take away all inconvenience, and communication devices to foster immediate exchange. All of these create the illusion of complete pleasure at our fingertips, with none of the hassle of pain. When we are ruled by this kind of physical materialism, we identify ourselves by what we have.

Since human ego is never satisfied, consumerism grows. Increased consumerism evidently comes at a steep price. People are incurring debt and working longer hours to pay for the high-consumption lifestyle, consequently spending less time with family, friends, and community organisations. In the rat race to earn more, our health gets affected and we feel stressful. In rampant consumerism, we’ve created a monster with a huge appetite for the planet’s natural resources. It’s depleting and polluting the planet, impoverishing us and future generations. Excess consumption can be counterproductive. The irony is that less needs i.e., being satisfied can actually cure some of these problems.

Thank you

Debate Topics For Class 11 Question 13.
Migration from villages to cities has led to the spread of urban slums. People living %in these slums lead a miserable life. Economic disparity leads to the problems of law and order. Write a debate in 150-200 words on ‘Solution to the problem of misery in the urban slums lies in creating jobs in the villages’. You are Navtej/Navita. (10 marks) [CBSE (AI) 2015]

Answer:
Respected Chairperson, honourable judges, and my dear friends, I stand here today to speak for the motion, ‘Solution to the problem of misery in the urban slums lies in creating jobs in the villages’. The vast majority of Indians, live in villages, and eke out a meagre existence from agricultural related labour. We tend to forget the fact that our economic prosperity and our lives in urban India are correlated.

Therefore, if the goal is India’s economic prosperity, somehow the 700 million living in some 600,000 villages of India have to have the same option of living and working in urban India on jobs in non-agricultural sectors. Do we want a future where the majority of Indians is urbanised and is engaged in highly productive non-agricultural sectors? We can choose, and having chosen, we can actually make that future happen.

I believe that to prevent migration from villages to cities, we need to carry out equitable development of rural areas. Instead of only creating job opportunities, Government must improve the quality of slums. Government should also ensure compulsory service in villages for its employers. This would reduce the burden on the city and also help these people explore the possibility of living in the village.

Adoption of villages by corporate would also help. Providing self-employment opportunities to villagers is also a solution. Setting up small-scale industries would help reduce the misery in the urban slums by creating multiple job opportunities. Only when these steps are taken, we can reduce the migration from villages to cities, thereby reducing the spread of urban slums.

Thank you

Debate For Class 11 Question 14.
‘The policy of reservation of seats for admission to the professional courses is good for the deprived sections of society.’ Write a debate in 150-200 words either for or against the motion. (10 marks) [CBSE Delhi 2016]

Answer:
Dear friends, today, I stand before you to argue in favour of the motion, ‘The policy of reservation of seats for admission to the professional courses is good for the deprived sections of society’. These days the demand for professional courses is on the rise. Professional courses have become a way of life. These courses guarantee jobs and are usually short time. All this has led to a sudden upsurge of such courses. We see every student rushing after these courses.

Since these courses are so specific, they are highly priced too. Students who are rich can easily pay for the course and get a job. But what about the poor students. For them getting a job is equally important. Many parents in the poor homes pay for their child’s education by doing two-three jobs. Seeing the importance and popularity of professional courses, I think it would be good to have a policy of reservation of seats for admission to such courses for the deprived sections of society. Only then, I feel can equality be maintained.

Thank you

Debate Topics For Class 12 Question 15.
‘Rising prices can be controlled only by the government.’ Write a debate in 150-200 Words either for or against the motion. (10 marks) [CBSE Delhi 2016]

Answer:
Honourable Principal Sir, respected teachers and my dear friends. Today, I stand before you to put my views for the motion, ‘Rising prices can be controlled only by the government’. India has witnessed huge economic development in the past 10 years, yet we are not able to control inflation. It is sure that something has gone wrong somewhere. There are many reasons for inflation in India. Increase in the cost of living, lack of control and check over government spending, hoarding of essential commodities by greedy traders, absence of an adequate mechanism to control and fix the prices of essential commodities in the market places are some of the reasons. The steep rise in price is not in keeping with the income generated and this disparity is affecting the growth of an individual and, at a higher level, that of the nation.

In order to have an egalitarian society, the government should intervene and defuse the situation before it worsens. It is important that the government put a ceiling to the prices of essential commodities and thus, make it affordable to the common people. The Public Distribution System must be revamped, so that the benefit reaches maximum number of people. Government officials should crack down on such retailers who try to create artificial conditions of lack of commodities, thereby, increasing the price of goods.

Some might say that the government has other important matters to consider than to regulate market rates, others might say that the market should be governed by the principal of demand and supply. However, it is important to remember that the principal duty of the government is towards the public. It is important to do what is best for them. Therefore, I believe that the rising prices can be controlled by the government.

Thank You.

Question 16.
‘The policy of no detention till Class VIII is not in the interest of students.’ Write a debate in 150-200 words either in favour of or against the motion. (10 marks) [CBSE Delhi 2016]

Answer:
Honourable Principal Ma’am, respected teachers and my dear friends. Today, I stand before you to put my views for the motion, ‘The policy of no detention till Class VIII is not in the interest of students’.

Under this policy, the students up to Class VIII are automatically promoted to the next class without being held back even if they do not get a passing grade. The policy was implemented as part of the Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE) under the RTE Act in 2010 to ensure all-round development of students. The concept of CCE imported from the West, emphasises on evaluating a child through the year, and not just based on the performance in one or two term exams.

It was found that the detention system led to increased dropouts among students, especially from economically and socially-weaker sections, who cannot afford costly private education. In order to overcome this, the no-detention policy was brought in to provide elementary school children an environment free from fear, anxiety and stress.

This would help the students learn and grow at their own pace. It would also reduce the \indue stress borne by the students due to the increasing competition among students, parents and the educational institutions. I feel that this policy is not in the interest of students. Since all the students are promoted to the next class, irrespective of their learning, it will lead to students developing a lackadaisical attitude towards studies.

It also takes away the difference between good and poor learners, since everyone is treated at par. This policy also does not take into consideration that there can be slow and fast learners. Some students might need more help. However, with this policy, such students cannot be helped, since everyone is the same in the end.

I believe that detention is like a stepping stone to success. It helps students know what is wrong and helps them grow. It is a way of monitoring learners. We need a system of assessment where the learning outcomes are properly assessed. Therefore, I believe that No Detention Policy is a bane for the students.

Thank you

Question 17.
‘Brain drain is not a bane for a developing country like India’. Write a debate in 150-200
words either for or against the motion. (10 marks) [CBSE (AI) 2016]

Answer:
Honourable Principal Ma’am, respected teachers and my dear friends. Today, I stand before you to present my views against the topic, ‘Brain drain is not a bane for India’. Brain drain refers to the situation when highly qualified and trained people leave a country to permanently settle in some other country. Many of you might ask why it should bother others if someone is going to another country. You might also feel that brain drain might reduce the population in the country. But the truth is that with the population other things like resources also reduce.

Our government spends a lot of money, collected from us through taxes, so that professionals progress in their respective fields and help the country progress. But instead of that we have students who let the government invest money in them and then cruelly go and seek their fortunes elsewhere. The cost of education being low in our country, we have people coming from abroad who become professionals in their respective fields and go back and help their country. So why is it that we are different? I think we need stringent laws where professionals need to compulsorily work for some time in their country before going abroad. With better economic policies, better facilities by industries and government promoting entrepreneurship, research-friendly atmosphere, better campus selections, there is still hope for India. If proper measures are taken at a faster rate, India can be saved!!!

Thank you

Question 18.
‘The internet cannot replace a classroom teacher’. Write a debate in 150-200 words either for or against the motion. (10 marks) [CBSE (AI) 2016]

Answer:
Honourable Principal Sir, respected teachers and my dear friends. Today, I, Karuna stand before you to express my views on the topic, ‘The internet cannot replace a classroom teacher’. With the advent of internet, life has become really easy. All of us have time and again thken the help of internet to collect information. In fact, it has become a lifesaver at times. It can provide answer to all questions, provides different viewpoints on all topics and most importantly helps us learn at our own pace, without even going to the school. It can even help students of remote and inaccessible areas. Many of you would question: When we can find everything on internet, why do we need teachers? This is because teachers touch lives in innumerable ways. They are humans and give a positive impact.

Technology can never be a replacement to teachers. There are times when online information may not be authentic. It can never replace the relationships between students and teachers, the bond that we share with our teachers is irreplaceable. The evaluation of internet is unbiased, but this is what is exactly required while teaching and testing. Learning differences among students require different means of testing. Being human and taking student’s background and level of understanding of the subject into account is important. Remember teachers give knowledge and wisdom while the internet only gives information. A big thank you to all our teachers for being there for us, for giving us knowledge and wisdom, and for making us what we are today.

Thank you

Question 19.
Write a debate in 150-200 words either for or against the motion, ‘Capital Punishment should be abolished’. (10 marks) [CBSE 2019 (1/1/1)]

Answer:
Respected jury members, teachers and my dear friends, I stand here to speak in favour of the motion, ‘Capital Punishment should be abolished’. Throughout history, societies around the world have used the death penalty as a way to punish the most heinous crimes. While capital punishment is still practiced today, many countries have since abolished it. In my opinion, death penalty guarantees that convicted murderers will never kill again. There have been countless cases where the convicts sentenced to life in prison have murdered other inmates and/or prison guards.

Convicts have also been known to successfully arrange murders from within prison. There are also cases where convicts who have been released for parole after serving only part of their sentences even life sentences – have murdered again after returning to society. A death sentence is the only irrevocable penalty that protects innocent lives.

I believe innocent lives should be valued over the lives of killers. Innocent victims who have been murdered – and in some cases, tortured beforehand – had no choice in their untimely and cruel death or any opportunity to say goodbye to friends and family, prepare wills, or enjoy their last moments of life. Meanwhile, convicted murderers are sentenced to life in prison – and even those on death row – are still able to learn, read, write, paint, find religion, watch TV, listen to music, maintain relationships, and even appeal their sentence. It can be truly said that capital punishment symbolises justice and is the only way to adequately express society’s revulsion of the murder of innocent lives.

The death penalty is a way to restore society’s balance of justice – by showing that the most severe crimes are intolerable and will be punished in kind.
In conclusion, I reiterate that death penalty has been used to maintain the balance of
justice throughout history, punishing violent criminals in the severest way to ensure
they won’t kill again.

Reconstitution of Partnership Firm: Retirement/Death of a Partner Class 12 Important Questions Accountancy Chapter 4

Here we are providing Online Education for Class 12 Accountancy Important Extra Questions and Answers Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm: Retirement/Death of a Partner. Accountancy Class 12 Important Questions and Answers are the best resource for students which helps in class 12 board exams.

Online Education for Class 12 Accountancy Chapter 4 Important Extra Questions Reconstitution of Partnership Firm: Retirement/Death of a Partner

Reconstitution of Partnership Firm: Retirement/Death of a Partner Important Extra Questions Very Short Answer Type

Question 1.
What is meant by ‘Gaining Ratio’ on retirement of a partner?
Or
P, Q and R were partners in a firm. On 31st March, 2018 R retired. The amount payable to R ₹ 2,17,000 was transferred to his loan account. R agreed to receive interest on this amount as per the provisions of Partnership Act, 1932. State the rate at which interest will be paid to R. (CBSE Delhi 2019)
Answer:
The ratio in which retiring Partner’s Share is distributed between remaining Partner is called gaining ratio.
Or
Rate of interest will be 6% p.a.

Question 2.
Aman, Bimal and Deepak are partners sharing profits in the ratio of 2 : 3 : 5. The goodwill of the firm has been valued at ₹ 37,500. Aman retired. Bimal and Deepak decided to share profits equally in future. Calculate gain/sacrifice of Bimal and Deepak on Aman’s retirement and also pass necessary journal entry for the treatment of goodwill. (CBSE Outside Delhi 2019)
Answer:
Old Ratio = 2:3:5
New Ratio =1:1 (on Aman’s Retirement)
Bimal’s Gain = 1/2 – 3/10 = 2/10
Deepak’s Gain = 1/2 – 5/10 = nil
Firm’s Goodwill = 37,500 .
A man’s share = 2/10 x 37,500 = 7,500
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 1

Question 3.
Riyansh, Garv and Kavleen were partners in a firm sharing profit and loss in the ratio of 8 : 7 : 5. On 2nd November 2018, Kavleen died. Kalveen’s share of profits till the date of her death was calculated at ₹ 9,375. Pass the necessary journal entry. (CBSE Sample Paper 2019-20)
Answer:
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 2

Question 4.
At the time of retirement how is the new profit sharing ratio among the remaining partners calculated₹ (CBSE Compt. 2019)
Answer:
The new share of each of the remaining partner is calculated as his/her own share in the firm plus the share acquired from the retiring partner.

Question 5.
In which ratio do the remaining partners acquire the share of profit of the retiring partner? (CBSE Compt. 2017)
Answer:
Gaining ratio.

Question 6.
At the time of retirement of a partner, state the condition when there is no need to compute gaining ratio. (CBSE 2013 Compartment OD)
Answer:
When the remaining partners share profits in old ratio.

Question 7.
On the retirement of a partner, how is the profit sharing ratio of the remaining partners decided?
Answer:
On the basis of old profit sharing ratio.

Question 8.
Why is gaining ratio of the remaining partners calculated at the time of retirement/death of a partner?
Answer:
Gaining ratio of the remaining partners is calculated to determine amount of goodwill payable by them to retired/deceased partner.

Question 9.
State the ratio in which share of goodwill of the retiring partner is debited to Capital Accounts of the remaining partners.
Answer:
In their gaining ratio.

Question 10.
Abha and Beena were partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3 : 2 on April 1st 2013, they decided to admit Chanda for l/5th share in the profits. They had a reserve of ₹ 25,000 which they wanted to show in their new balance sheet. Chanda agreed and the necessary adjustments were made in the books. On October 1st 2013, Abha met with an accident and died. Beena and Chanda decided to admit Abha’s daughter Fiza in their partnership, who agreed to bring ₹ 2,00,000 as capital. Calculate Abha’s share in the reserve on the date of her death. (CBSE Sample Paper 2015)
Answer:
₹ 12,000

Question 11.
X, Y and Z were partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3:2:2. Z retired and the amount due to him was ₹ 85,000. He was paid ₹ 5,000 immediately. The balance was payable in three equal annual instalments carrying interest @ 6% p.a. Pass necessary journal entry for recording the same on the date of Z’s retirement.
(Compt. Delhi 2017)
Answer:
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 3

Question 12.
Ram, Mohan and Sohan were partners in a firm sharing profits in the ratio of 4 : 3 : 1. Mohan retired. His share was taken over equally by Ram and Sohan. In which ratio will the profit and loss on revaluation of assets and liabilities on the retirement of Mohan be transferred to capital accounts of the partners?
(CBSE 2010 Compartment Delhi)
Answer:
In old profit sharing ratio.

Reconstitution of Partnership Firm: Retirement/Death of a Partner Important Extra Questions Short Answer Type

Question 1.
Danish, Ana and Pranjal are partners in a firm sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 5:3:2. Their books are closed on March 31 st every year.
Danish died on September 30th , 2019, The executors of Danish are entitled to: (CBSE Sample Paper 2019-20)
(i) His share of Capital i.e. ₹ 5,00,000 along-with his share of goodwill. The total goodwill of the firm was valued at ₹ 60,000.
(ii) His share of profit up to his date of death on the basis of sales till date of death. Sales for the year ended March 31, 2019 was ₹ 2,00,000 and profit for the same year was 10% on sales. Sales shows a growth trend of 20% and percentage of profit earning is reduced by 1%.
(iii) Amount payable to Danish was transferred to his executors.
Pass necessary Journal Entries and show the workings clearly.
Answer:
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 4

Question 2.
A, B and C were partners in a firm sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3 : 2 : 1. C dies on 30th June, 2016. After all the necessary adjustments, his capital account showed a credit balance of ₹ 70.600. C’s executor was paid ₹ 10,600 on 1st July, 2016 and the balance in three equal yearly instalments starting from 30th June, 2017 with interest @ 10% p.a. on the unpaid amount. The firm closes its books on 31st March every year.
Prepare C’s Executor’s Account till the amount is finally paid. (CBSE Compt. 2019)
Answer:
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 5
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 6

Question 3.
X, Y and Z were partners in a firm sharing profits in the ratio of 3 : 3 : 4. Z died on 31st March, 2016. The amount payable to Z’s executor K was ₹ 1,09,000. ₹ 19,000 were paid to K immediately and the balance was paid in three equal yearly instalments starting from 31st March, 2017 with interest @ 13% p.a. The firm ‘ closes its books on 31st March every year.
Prepare K’s account till he is finally paid.
Answer:
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 7

Question 4.
Apama, Manisha and Sonia are partners sharing profits in the ratio of 3 : 2 : 1. Manisha retires and goodwill of the firm is valued at ₹ 1,80,000. Apama and Sonia decided to share future in the ratio of 3:2. Pass necessary journal entries.
Answer:
(i) Old profit sharing ratio of Apama, Manisha and Sonia = 3 : 2 : 1
New Profit sharing ratio of Aparna and sonia = 3 : 2
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 8

Question 5.
Sangeeta, Saroj and Shanti are partners sharing profits in the ratio of 2 : 3 : 5. Goodwill is appearing in the books at a value of ₹ 60,000. Sangeeta retires and goodwill is valued at ₹ 90,000. Saroj and Shanti decided to share future profits equally. Record necessary journal entries.
Answer:
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 9
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 10

Question 6.
Naresh, Raj Kumar and Bishwajeet are equal partners. Raj Kumar decides to retire. On the date of his retirement, the Balance Sheet of the firm showed the following : General Reserves ₹ 36,000 and Profit and Loss Account (Dr.) ₹ 15,000.
Pass the necessary journal entries to the above effect.
Answer:
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 11

Question 7.
Amar, Ram, Mohan and Sohan were partners in a firm sharing profits in the ratio of 2 : 2 : 2 : 1. On 31st January, 2017 Sohan retired. On Sohan’s retirement the goodwill of the firm was valued at ₹ 70,000. The new profit sharing ratio between Amar, Ram and Mohan Was agreed as 5 : 1 : 1.
Showing your working notes clearly, pass necessary Journal Entry for the treatment of goodwill in the books of the firm on Sohan’s retirement. [CBSE Delhi 2017]
Answer:
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 12

Question 8.
A, B and C were partners sharing profits in the ratio of 6:4:5. Their capitals were A₹ 1,00,000, B ₹ 80,000 and C ₹ 60,000. On 1 st April 2009, B retired from the firm and the new profit sharing ratio between A and C was decided as 11 : 4. On B’s retirement the goodwill of the firm was valued at ₹ 1,80,000. Showing your calculations clearly, pass necessary journal entry for the treatment of goodwill on B’s retirement.
Answer:
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 13

Question 9.
Ram, Shyam and Mohan are partners sharing profits in the ratio of 5 : 3 : 2. Shyam retired, and goodwill is valued at ₹ 1,20,000. Ram and Mohan decided to share future profits in the ratio of 2 : 3. Pass necessary journal entries for treatment of goodwill, if goodwill appears in the books at ₹ 40,000.
Answer:
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 14

Question 10.
A firm of A, B and C has Workmen Compensation Fund of₹ 30,000. On retirement of a partner, how ₹ 20,000 will be treated in the following cases:
(a) There is no claim against Workmen Compensation fund.
(b) There is a claim of₹ 12,000 against Workmen Compensation Fund.
Journalise.
Answer:
Journal Entries
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 15
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 16

Question 11.
A, B and C are partners sharing profits in the ratio of 3 : 2 : l.A dies on 31st July 2011. The profits of the firm for the year ending 31st March 2011 were 42000. Calculate A’s Share for the period from 1st April to 31st July 2011 on the basis of last year’s profits. Pass necessary journal entry also.
Answer:
A’s profit = Preceding year’s profit x Proportionate Period x Share of A
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 17

Question 12.
If in the example-1 given above, the sales for the last year are ₹ 2,10,000 and for the current year upto 31st July are say ₹ 90,000, what would be the Profits from 1st April to 31st July 2011.
Answer:
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 18

Question 13.
On December 31, 2014, the Balance Sheet of Pinki. Qureshi and Rakesh showed as under:
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 19
The partnership deed provides that the profit be shared in the ratio of 2 : 1 : 1 and that in the event of death of a partner, his executors be entitled to be paid out:
(a) The capital of his credit at the date of last Balance Sheet.
(b) His proportion of reserves at the date of last Balance Sheet.
(c) His proportion of profits to the date of death based on the average profits of the last three completed years, plus 10%.
(d) By way of goodwill, his proportion of the total profits for the three preceding years. The net profit for the last three years were:
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 20
Rakesh died on April 1, 2015. He had withdrawn 5,000 to the date of his death. The investment were sold at par and R’s Executors were paid off. Prepare Rakesh’s Capital Account that of his executors.
Answer:
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 21
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 22
Note: Cash required to make payment is not enough even after selling the investment. Therefore, the payment has been made through bank.

Question 14.
Vikas, Vishal and Vaibhav were partners in a firm sharing profits in the ratio of 2 : 2 : 1 ..The firm closes its books on 31 st March every year. On 31.12.2015 Vaibhav died. On that date his Capital account showed a credit balance of ₹ 3,80,000 and Goodwill of the firm was valued at ₹ 1,20,000. There was a debit balance of ₹ 50,000 in the profit and loss account. Vaibhav’s share of profit in the year of his death was to be calculated on the basis of the average profit of last five year. The average profit of last five years was ₹ 75,000.
Pass necessary journal entries in the book of the firm on Vaibhav’s Death. (CBSE Outside Delhi 2016)
Answer:
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 23

Question 15.
A, B, C and D were partners sharing profits in the ratio of 1 : 2 : 3 : 4. D retired and his share was acquired by A and B equally. Goodwill was valued at 3 year’s purchase of average profits of last 4 years, which were 40,000. General Reserve showed a balance of 1,30,000 and D’s Capital in the Balance Sheet was 3,00,000 at the time of D’s retirement. You are required to record necessary Journal entries in the books of the firm and prepare D’s capital account on his retirement.
Answer:
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 24

Question 16.
P, Q and R were partners sharing profits in the ratio of 2 :2 :1. The firm closes its books on March 31 every year. On June 30,2017, R died. The following information is provided on R’s death:
(i) Balance in his capital account in the beginning of the year was ₹ 6,50,000.
(ii) He withdrew ₹ 60,000 on May 15,2017 for his personal use.
On the date of death of a partner the partnership deed provided for the following:
(a) Interest on capital @ 10 % per annum.
(b) Interest on drawings @ 12 % per annum.
(c) His share in the profit of the firm till the date of death, to be calculated on the basis of the rate of Net Profit on Sales of the previous year, which was 25 %. The Sales of the firm till June 30, 2017 were ₹ 6,00,000.
Prepare R’s Capital Account on his death to be presented to his executors. (CBSE Sample Paper 2017-18)
Answer:
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 25

Reconstitution of Partnership Firm: Retirement/Death of a Partner Important Extra Questions Long Short Answer Type

Question 1.
Akul, Bakul and Chan dan were partners in a firm sharing profits in the ratio of2:2: 1. On 31 st March, 2018 their Balance Sheet was as follows:
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 26
Bakul retired on the above date and it was agreed that:
(i) Plant and Machinery was undervalued by 10%.
(ii) Provision for doubtful debts was to be increased to 15% on debtors.
(iii) Furniture was to be decreased to ₹87,000.
(iv) Goodwill of the firm was valued at ₹3,00,000 and Bakul’s share was to be adjusted through the capital accounts of Akul and Chandan.
(v) Capital of the new firm was to be in the new profit sharing ratio of the continuing partners. Prepare Revaluation account, Partners’ Capital accounts and the Balance Sheet of the reconstituted firm. (CBSE Delhi 2019)
Answer:
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 27
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 28

Question 2.
G, E and F were partners in a firm sharing profits in the ratio of 7 : 2 : 1. The Balance Sheet of the firm as at 31 st March, 2018, was as follows :
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 29
E.retired on the above date. On E’s retirement the following was agreed upon :
(i) Land and Building were revalued at ₹ 1,88,000, Machinery at ₹ 76,000 and Stock at ₹ 10,000 and goodwill of the firm was valued at X 90,000.
(ii) A provision of 2-5% was to be created on debtors for doubtful debts.
(iii) The net amount payable to E was transferred to his loan account to be paid later on.
(iv) Total capital of the new firm was fixed at ₹ 2,40,000 which will be adjusted according to their new profit sharing ratio by opening current accounts.
Prepare Revaluation Account, Partners’ Capital Accounts and the Balance Sheet of reconstituted firm.
(CBSE Outside Delhi 2019)
Answer:
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 30
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 31
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 32

Question 3.
X,Y and Z were in partnership sharing profits in proportion to their capitals. Their Balance Sheet as on 31 st March, 2018 was as follows:
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 33
On the above date, Y retired owing to ill health. The following adjustments were agreed upon for calculation of amount due to Y.
(a) Provision for Doubtful Debts to be increased to 10% of Debtors.
(b) Goodwill of the firm be valued at ₹ 36,000 and be adjusted into the Capital Accounts of X and Z, who will share profits in future in the ratio of 3:1.
(c) Included in the value of Sundry Creditors was ₹ 2,500 for an outstanding legal claim, which will not arise.
(d) X and Z also decided that the total capital of the new firm will be ₹ 1,20,000 in their profit sharing ratio. Actual cash to be brought in or to be paid off as the case may be.
(e) Y to be paid ₹ 9,000 immediately and balance to be transferred to his Loan Account. Prepare Revaluation Account, Partner’s Capital Accounts and Balance Sheet of the new firm after Y’s retirement. (CBSE Sample Paper 2019-20)
Answer:
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 34
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 35

Question 4.
Lisa, Monika and Nisha were partners in a firm sharing profit and losses in the ratio of 2 : 2 : 1. On 31st March, 2019, their Balance Sheet was as follows :
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 36
On 31st March, 2019 Monika retired from the firm and the remaining partners decided to carry on the business. It was agreed that:
(i) Land and building be appreciated by ₹ 2,40,00 and machinery be depreciated by 10%.
(ii) 50% of the stock was taken over by the retiring partner at book value.
(iii) Provision for doubtful debts was to be made of 5% on debtors.
(iv) Goodwill of the firm be valued at ₹ 3,00,000 and Monika’s share of goodwill be adjusted in the accounts of Lisa and Nisha.
(v) The total capital of the new firm be fixed at ₹ 27,00,000 which will be in the proportion of the new profit sharing ratio of Lisa and Nisha. For this purpose, current accounts of the partners were to be opened.
Prepare Revaluation Account, Partners’ Capital Accounts and the Balance sheet of the reconstituted firm on Monika’s retirement. (CBSE Compt. 2019)
Answer:
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 37
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 38

Question 5.
A, B & C were partners in a firm sharing profits & losses in proportion to their fixed capitals. Their Balance Sheet as at March 31, 2017 was as follows
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 39
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 40
On the date of above Balance Sheet, C retired from the firm on the following terms:
(i) Goodwill of the firm will be valued at two years purchase of the Average Profits of last three years. The Profits for the year ended March 31, 2015 & March 31, 2016 were ₹ 4,00,000 & ₹ 3,00,000 respectively.
(ii) Provision for Bad Debts will be maintained at 5% of the Debtors.
(iii) Land & Building will be appreciated by ₹ 90,000 and Plant & Machinery Will be reduced to ₹ 1,80,000.
(iv) A agreed to repay his Loan.
(v) The loan repaid by A was to be utilized to pay C. The balance of the amount payable to C was transferred to his Loan Account bearing interest @ 12% per annum.
Prepare Revaluation Account, Partners’ Capital Accounts, Partners’ Current Accounts and the Balance Sheet of the reconstituted firm. (CBSE Sample Paper 2017-18)
Answer:
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 41
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 42

Question 6.
M, N and G were partners in a firm sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 5:3:2. On 31-3-2016 their Balance Sheet was as under:
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 43
M retired on the above date and it was agreed that:
(i) Debtors of ₹ 2,000 will be written off as bad debts and a provision of 5% on debtors for bad and doubtful debts will be maintained.
(ri) Patents will be completely written off and stock, machinery and building will be depreciated by 5%.
(iii) An unrecorded creditor of ₹ 10,000 will be taken into account.
(iv) N and G will share the future profits in the ratio of 2 : 3.
(v) Goodwill of the firm on M’s retirement was valued at ₹ 3,00,000.
Pass necessary Journal Entries for the above transactions in the books of the firm on M’s retirement. [CBSE Delhi 2017]
Answer:
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 44
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 45

Question 7.
Following is the Balance Sheet of Punita, Rashi and Seema who are sharing profits in the ratio 2:1:2 as on 31st March 2013.
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 46
Punita died on 30th September 2013. She had withdrawn 44,000 from her capital on July 1, 2013. According to the partnership agreement, she was entitled to interest on capital @8% p.a. Her share of profit till the date of death was to be calculated on the basis of the average profits of the last three years. Goodwill was to be calculated on the basis of three times the average profits of the last four years. The profits for the years ended 2009-10, 2010-11 and 2011-12 were ₹ 30,000, ₹ 70,000 and₹ 80,000 respectively.
Prepare Punita’s account to be rendered to her executors.
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 47

Question 8.
Dinesh, Alvin and Pramod are partners in a firm sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 5:3:2.Their Balance Sheet as at March 31,2018 was as follows:
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 48
Dinesh died on July 1,2018, The executors of Dinesh are entitled to:
(i) His share of goodwill. The total goodwill of the firm valued at ₹ 50,000.
(ii) His share of profit up to his date of death on the basis of actual sales till date of death. Sales for the year ended March 31, 2018 was ₹ 12, 00,000 and profit for the same year was ₹ 2,00,000. Sales shows a growth trend of 20% and percentage of profit earning remains the same.
(iii) Investments were sold at par. Half of the amount due to Dinesh was paid to his executors and for the balance, they accepted a Bills Payable.
Prepare Dinesh’s Capital account to be rendered to his executors.
Answer:
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 49

Question 9.
The Balance Sheet of A, B and C who were sharing the profits in proportion to their capitals stood as on March 31,2014,
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 50
B retired on the date of Balance Sheet and the following adjustments were to be made:
(a) Stock was depreciated by 10%.
(b) Factory building was appreciated by 12%.
(c) Provision for doubtful debts to be created up to 5%.
(d) Provision for legal charges to be made at X 265.
(e) The goodwill of the firm to be fixed at X 10,000.
(f) The Capital of the new firm to be fixed at X 30,000. The continuing partners decided to keep their capitals in the new profit sharing ratio of 3 : 2.
Work out ‘he final balances in capital accounts of the firm, and the amounts to be brought in and/or withdrawn by A and C to make their capitals proportionate to their new profit sharing ratio.
Answer:
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Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 52
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 53
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 54

Question 10.
Narang, Suri and Bajaj are partners in a firm sharing profits and losses in proportion of 1/2, 1/6 and 1/3 respectively. The Balance Sheet on April 1, 2014 was as follows:
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 55
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 56
Bajaj retires from the business and the partners agree to the following:
(a) Freehold premises and stock are to be appreciated by 20% and 15% respectively.
(b) Machinery and furniture are to be depreciated by 10% and 7% respectively.
(c) Bad Debts reserve is to be increased to ₹ 1,500.
(d) Goodwill is valued at ₹ 21,000 on Bajaj’s retirement.
(e) The continuing partners have decided to adjust their capitals in their new profit sharing ratio after retirement of Bajaj Surplus/deficit, if any, in their capital accounts will be adjusted through current accounts.
Prepare necessary ledger accounts and draw the Balance Sheet of the reconstituted firm.
Answer:
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 57
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 58
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 59

Question 11.
X, Y and Z were partners in a firm sharing profits in the ratio of 5 : 3 : 2. On 31.3.2015 their Balance Sheet was as follows:
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 60
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 61
On the above date Y retired and X and Z agreed to continue the business on the following terms :
(i) Goodwill of the firm was valued at ₹ 51,000.
(ii) There was a claim of ₹ 4,000 for workmen’s compensation.
(iii) Provision for bad debts was to be reduced by ₹ 1,000.
(iv) Y will be paid ₹ 8,200 in cash and the balance will be transferred in his loan account which will be paid in four equal yearly instalments together with interest @ 10% p.a.
(v) The new profit sharing ratio between X and Z will be 3 : 2 and their capitals will be in their new profit sharing ratio. The capital adjustments will be done by opening current accounts.
Prepare Revaluation Account, Partner’s Capital Accounts and the Balance Sheet of the reconstituted Firm. (CBSE Outside Delhi 2016)
Answer:
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Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 65

Question 12.
Pranav, Karan and Rahim were partners in a firm sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 2 : 2 : 1. On 31 st March, 2017 their Balance Sheet was as follows :
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 66
Karan died on 12.6.2017. According to the partnership deed, the legal representatives of the deceased partner were entitled to the following :
(i) Balance in his Capital Account.
(ii) Interest on Capital @ 12% p.a.
(iii) Share of goodwill. Goodwill of the firm on Karan’s death was valued at ₹ 60,000.
Share in the profits of the firm till the date of his death, calculated on the basis of last year’s profit. The profit of the firm for the year ended 31.3.2017 was ₹ 5,00,000. Prepare Karan’s Capital Account to be presented to his representatives. (CBSE 2018-19)
Answer:
Class 12 Accountancy Important Questions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership Firm Retirement Death of a Partner 67

Infrastructure Class 12 Important Extra Questions Economics Chapter 8

Here we are providing Online Education for Class 12 Economics Important Extra Questions and Answers Chapter 8 Infrastructure. Economics Class 12 Important Questions are the best resource for students which helps in class 12 board exams.

Online Education for Class 12 Economics Chapter 8 Important Extra Questions Infrastructure

Infrastructure Important Extra Questions Very Short Answer Type

Question 1.
What is social infrastructure?
Answer:
Social infrastructure consists of facilities and systems that are necessary to ensure safe, healthy and productive life to the people in the community.

Question 2.
Give examples of social infrastructure.
Answer:
Social infrastructure includes:
(i) Education
(ii) Health
(iii) Housing

Question 3.
What constitutes economic infrastructure?
Answer:
Economic infrastructure consists of energy, transportation and communication.

Question 4.
What type of fuels do rural women use to meet their energy requirements?
Answer:
Rural women use bio-fuels such as crop residues, dung and fuel wood to meet their energy requirement.

Question 5.
What percentage of rural population has access to improved sanitation?
Answer:
Only 20 percent of rural population has access to improved sanitation.

Question 6.
What are the commercial sources of energy? Give examples.
Answer:
Commercial sources of energy are those sources which are exchanged for money. Coal and petroleum are commercial sources of energy.

Question 7.
What is the share of nuclear sources in the world’s total energy generation?
Answer:
The share of nuclear sources in the world’s total energy, generation is 13 percent.

Question 8.
Is CFL better than ordinary bulbs? Why?
Answer:
CFLs are better than 100-watt bulbs as the former consumes 80 percent less power as compared to the latter.

Question 9.
Name the two leading private sector companies that distribute electricity in Delhi.
Answer:
The two leading private sector companies that distribute electricity in Delhi are:
(i) Reliance Energy Limited
(ii) Tata – Power Limited (NDPL)

Question 10.
Which organisation monitors the power tariff structure in Delhi?
Answer:
Delhi Electricity Regulatory Commission (DERC) monitors the tariff structure and other regulatory issues in Delhi.

Question 11.
Name the organisation that formulates policies and plans related to health programmes in the country.
Answer:
The Central Council of Health and Family Welfare formulates policies and plans related to health programmes in the country.

Question 12.
State the share of private sector in the total number of hospitals and dispensaries in India.
Answer:
More than 70 percent of the hospitals and around 60 percent of dispensaries in India are run by the private sector.

Question 13.
Who is an ANM?
Answer:
An ANM (Auxiliary Nursing Midwife) is the first person who provides primary healthcare in rural areas.

Question 14.
How can Indian System of Medicine solve large part of our health problems?
Answer:
Indian System of Medicine can solve large part of our health problems as it is effective, safe and inexpensive.

Question 15.
List the indicators that assess the health status of a country.
Answer:
Indicators that assess the health status of a country are:
(i) Infant mortality rate
(ii) Maternal mortality rate
(iii) Life expectancy
(iv) Nutrftion levels
(v) Incidence of communicable and non-communicable diseases

Infrastructure Important Extra Questions Short Answer Type

Question 1.
Explain the significance of social infrastructure.
Answer:
The significance of social infrastructure lies in the following:
(i) It helps in the healthy and robust growth of the young generation so that they become an efficient manpower tomorrow.
(ii) Social infrastructure helps in the growth of literacy, which in turn helps in the growth of the society.
(iii) Social infrastructure helps in the skill formation, which is an important parameter in the context of economic growth.
(iv) It helps in improving and providing a quality life to the people.
(v) Social infrastructure helps in the formation of human capital, which complements the physical capital to form an efficient system of growth and development

Question 2.
Why is it important to have strong infrastructure?
Answer:
Infrastructure is the support system of the economy. All the sectors of the economy – agriculture industry, trade and commerce – greatly depend on the social and economic infrastructure for rapid: and vast economic development. It is a network of public services, physical and social facilities that increases the efficiency of factors of production and improves the quality of people’s life. Thus, infrastructure plays a vital role in the economic development of a country.

Question 3.
Compare and contrast India with China and Pakistan on the basis of infrastructural development.
Answer:
The table below compares India’s position with its neighbouring countries on the basis of infrastructural development:

Country China India Pakistan
Investment in Infrastructure as a percentage of GDP – 2014 46 34 15
Access to Improved Water Source (%) – 2015 96 94 91
Access to Improved Sanitation (%) – 2015 77 40 64
Users of Mobile Phones per hundred person – 2015 93 79 70
Power Generation (billion kwh) – 2016 6015 1423 105

Source: World Development Indicators, 2017, data pertaining to 2014

In case of investment in infrastructure, as a percentage of GDP, China is far ahead of India and Pakistan. While China invests 46 per cent of its GDP in infrastructure, India and Pakistan invest only 34 and 15 per cent of their GDP respectively.

Access to drinking water is more or less the same for all the three nations, Power production is much better in China as compared to Pakistan and India. Modernisation process is faster in China compared to India and Pakistan. There 93 persons out of one hundred use mobile phones in China, In India 79 and in Pakistan only 70 out of one hundred persons were mobile users.

Thus, when we compare the development experience in terms of infrastructural development of these countries, we found that China is much ahead of India and Pakistan.

Question 4.
How is the national income of a country related to the level of infrastructural development? Explain.
Answer:
The composition of infrastructure requirements changes significantly with the increase in country’s national income. Basic infrastructure facilities such as irrigation, transport and power are more important for low-income countries.

However, as economies grow and they are able to satisfy their basic consumption demand, the share of agriculture in the economy shrinks and more service related infrastructure become important. Thus, the share of power and telecommunication infrastructure is greater in high-income countries.

Question 5.
Represent the relative share of different sources of energy generation in India with the help of a pie diagram?
Answer:
The table and bar graph show the relative share of different sources of energy generation in India n 2016:
Economics Class 12 Important Questions Chapter 8 Infrastructure  1

Question 6.
Which sources of energy are encouraged by India’s energy policy? Why?
Answer:
India’s energy policy encourages hydel and wind energy as India has great potential in the use of a renewable source of energy. The use of renewable energy sources can ensure additional supply of power. Moreover, these sources do not rely on fossil fuel and hence, avoid carbon emissions. Greater reliance on renewable energy resources offers enormous economic, social and environmental benefits.

Question 7.
What problems are faced by State Electricity Boards?
Answer:
The following problems are faced by State Electricity Boards:
(i) SEBs suffer transmission and distribution fosses, thereby making the economics of power generation completely unbalanced.

(ii) The pattern of investments being made in power generation is inappropriate. It leads to sharp increase in the cost per unit of electricity.

(iii) The high cost of power imposed on the industry, which is the backbone of the SEBs, is hindering the grid in gaining control and hence, worsening the crisis of the SEBs.

Question 8.
Highlight the points that reflect development in the health services after independence in India.
Answer:
The following the points reflect development in the health services after independence in India:
(i) Decline in Death rates: Death rate has come down from as high as 27.4 per thousand in 1951 to 6.3 per thousand in 2015.
(ii) Reductions in Infant Mortality: Infants mortality rate has significantly reduced from 140 per thousand in 1951 to 32 per thousands in 2015.
(iii) Rise in Life Expectancy: Expectancy of life has risen from 50 years in 1951 to 68.3 years in 2015.

Question 9.
Mention some premier institutions that provide specialised health care in India.
Answer:
Some premier institutions that provide specialised health care in India are:

  • All India Institute of Medical Science (AIIMS), New Delhi
  • Post Graduate Institute, Chandigarh
  • Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry
  • National institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore
  • All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, Kolkata.

Question 10.
Give an account of the contribution of community and non-profit organisations to health care in India.
Answer:
Community participation functions with the idea that the people can be trained and involved in primary healthcare system. Trade unions have built health care services to give low-cost health care to their members as well as to the people from nearby villages.

For instance, Shahid Hospital was built in 1983 and is sustained by the workers of Chhattisgarh Mines Shramik Sangh in Durg, Madhya Pradesh. SEW A in Ahmedabad and ACCORD in Nilgiris are examples of some non-profit organisations that contribute to health care in India.

Infrastructure Important Extra Questions Long Answer Type

Question 1.
Why is it important to conserve energy?
Answer:
It is important to conserve energy due to the following reasons:
(i) Resources are limited. India has only 1 percent of world’s energy resources but it accounts for 16 percent of world population.

(ii) Resources take long time for formation. Coal and petroleum are the most widely used sources of energy. They take thousands of years for formation.

(iii) Resources are non-renewable. Non-renewable resources are those which get exhausted with extraction and use. Non-renewable energy sources constitute 80 percent of the fuel use. If we continue to use such resources at present rate, these will be soon depleted.

(iv) Use of resources involves high cost. About 75 percent of our crude oil needs depend on imports, which cost about ₹ 1,50,000 crore a year. The cost is passed on to the consumers by means of higher prices of goods and services.

(v) Environment needs protection. Sources which rely on fossil fuel emit huge amounts of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Energy production accounts to large proportion of air pollution and more than 83 percent of greenhouse gas emissions. According to a wise saying – “The earth, water and the air are not a gift to us from our parents but a loan from our children. Hence, we need to make energy conservation a habit.”

Question 2.
Solar energy, wind power and power produced from tides are going to be future sources of energy. What are their comparative merits and demerits?
Answer:
Merits of Solar Energy
(i) It is available free of cost.
(ii) It is a renewable source of energy.
(iii) It does not cause pollution.
(iv) Solar energy can be used in remote areas where it is too expensive to extend the electricity power grid.
(v) Everyday items such as calculators and other low power consuming devices can be powered by solar energy effectively.

Demerits of Solar Energy
(i) Solar energy can be harnessed only during daytime.
(ii) It cannot be obtained during rainy days.
(iii) Solar collectors, panels and cells are relatively expensive.
(iv) Large areas of land are required to capture the sun’s energy.

Merits of Wind Power
(i) Wind power is an inexhaustible source of energy and is virtually a limitless resource.
(ii) Energy is generated without polluting environment.
(iii) It has tremendous potential to generate energy on large scale.
(iv) Wind power can be used directly as mechanical energy.

Demerits of Wind Power
(i) Wind power requires expensive storage during peak production time.
(ii) It requires large open areas for setting up wind farms.
(iii) It is an unreliable source as winds are uncertain and unpredictable.
(iv) The problem of noise pollution is usually associated with wind mills.

Merits Tidal Power
(i) Tidal energy is completely renewable.
(ii) It is a relatively reliable source of energy.
(iii) A tidal barrage has a very long life of around 100 years.
(iv) It is free from pollution.
(v) Its costs are extremely low.

Demerits of Tidal Power
(i) It requires massive investment to construct a tidal barrage or dam.
(ii) It has adverse effect on marine life.
(iii) It is difficult to transmit electricity generated from tides.

Question 3.
Discuss the state of health infrastructure in rural areas of India.
Answer :
The following points highlight the state of health infrastructure in rural areas of India:
(i) People living in rural areas do not have sufficient medical infrastructure as

  • only one-fifth of the country’s hospitals and only about half the number of dispensaries are located in rural areas; and
  • out of 6.3 lakh beds in the entire country, only 30 percent are available in rural areas.

(ii) There are only 0.36 hospitals for every one lakh people in rural areas.
(iii) The PHCs located in rural areas do not provide basic facilities such as X-ray or blood testing.
(iv) In rural areas, the percentage of people who have no access to proper care has increased over the last few years.
(v) Rural population has no access to any specialised medical care such as paediatrics, gynaecology, anaesthesia and obstetrics

Question 4.
Explain the three-tier system of health infrastructure and health care in India.
Answer :
The three-tier system of health infrastructure and health care in India is as below:
(i) Primary Health Care: It includes education related to existing health problems and methods to identify, prevent and control them. It also constitutes promotion of food supply and proper nutrition; adequate water supply and sanitation; maternal and child health care; etc. In order to provide primary health care, Primary Health Centres (PHC), Community Health Centres (CHC) and sub-centres have been set up in villages and small towns.

(ii) Secondary Health Care: When PHCs are unable to manage the condition of a patient, they are referred to secondary hospitals. Secondary health care institutions include hospitals which have better facilities for surgery’, X-ray and Electro Cardio Gram (ECG). They are mostly located in district headquarters and big towns.

(iii) Tertiary Health Care: Hospitals under the tertiary sector have advanced level equipment and medicines. They undertake all the complicated health problems, which could not be managed by primary or secondary hospitals. This sector also includes many premier institutes, which provide specialised health care not along with imparting quality medical education and conducting research

Infrastructure Important Extra Questions HOTS

Question 1.
Why is India’s dependence import of crude and petroleum products increasing rapidly?
Answer:
Although India is sufficiently rich in fossil fuels reserves, its dependence on imported fossil fuels has increased to 38 percent in 2012. With rapid modernisation and urbanisation, the country’s reliance has shifted from traditional biomass and waste to other energy sources, including fossil fuels.

Since coal and petroleum production are unable to keep pace with demand, India meets more of its coal and petroleum needs with imports. Net coal import dependency has increased from almost zero in 1990s to about 23 percent in 2012. Similarly, net oil import dependency has increased from 43 percent in 1990 to an around 71 percent in 2012.