Category: CBSE Class 12

Here we are providing Online Education for Class 12 Accountancy Important Extra Questions and Answers Chapter 5 Dissolution of a Partnership Firm. Accountancy Class 12 Important Questions and Answers are the best resource for students which helps in class 12 board exams.

Online Education for Class 12 Accountancy Chapter 5 Important Extra Questions Dissolution of a Partnership Firm

Dissolution of a Partnership Firm Important Extra Questions Very Short Answer Type

Question 1.
Differentiate between Dissolution of Partnership and Dissolution of a Partnership Firm on the basis of ‘Court’s Intervention’. (CBSE Delhi 2019)
Answer:

Question 2.
State any two situations when a partnership firm can be compulsorily dissolved. (CBSE Delhi 2019)
Answer:
A firm is compulsorily dissolved in the following cases: (Any two)

1. When all the partners or all but one partner become insolvent.
2. When the business of the firm becomes illegal.

Question 3.
Distinguish between ‘Reconstitution of Partnership’ and ‘Dissolution of Partnership Firm’ on the basis of ‘Closure of books’.
Answer:

Question 4.
State the basis of calculating the amount of profit payable to the legal representative of a deceased partner in the year of death. (CBSE Outside Delhi 2019)
Answer:
Profit may be estimated

• On the basis of last year’s the profit/Average profits of last given no. of years
• On the basis of Turnover/Sales.

Question 5.
State any two grounds on the basis of which the court may order for the dissolution of the partnership firm. (CBSE Outside Delhi 2019)
Answer:
At the suit of a partner, the court may order a partnership firm to be dissolved on any of the following grounds:

• when a partner becomes insane;
• when a partner becomes permanently incapable of performing his duties as a partner.

Question 6.
State any two situations when a partnership firm can be compulsorily dissolved. (CBSE Outside Delhi 2019)
Answer:
A firm is compulsorily dissolved in the following-cases:

• When all the partners or all but one partner become insolvent.
• When the business of the firm becomes illegal.

Question 7.
State any two contingencies that may result into dissolution of a partnership firm.(CBSE Outside Delhi 2019)
Answer:
Contingencies that may result into dissolution of a partnership firm: .

• If the firm is constituted for a fixed term, on the expiry of that term
• If constituted to carry out one or more ventures, on the completion of the venture.

Question 8.
State the order of payment of the following, in case of dissolution of the partnership firm.
(i) to each partner proportionately what is due to him/her from the firm for advances as distinguished from capital (i.e. partner’ loan);
(ii) to each partner proportionately what is due to him on account of capital; and
(iii) for the debts of the firm to the third parties; (CBSE Sample Paper 2019-20)
Answer:
(iii) for the debts of the firm to the third parties;
(i) to each partner proportionately what is due to him/her from the firm for advances as distinguished from capital (i.e. partner’ loan);
(ii) to each partner proportionately what is due to him on account of capital

Question 9.
A and B are partners in a firm sharing profits in the ratio of 3 : 2 Mrs. B has given a loan of ₹ 40,000 to the firm and A has also given a loan of ₹ 80,000 to the firm. The firm was dissolved and its assets realised ₹ 60,000.
State the order of payment of Mrs. B’s loan and A’s loan assuming that there was no other third party liability – of the firm.
Answer:
Order of payment:
First, the third party loan i.e. Mrs. B’s loan will be paid.
The Partner’s loan i.e. A’s loan will be paid.

Question 10.
A B and C are partners in a firm. On April 1, 2013, A and B were declared insolvent by a court. Will the partnership firm be treated as dissolved?
Answer:
Yes.

Question 11.
Mohan and Kanwar are partners in a firm. Their firm was dissolved on 1.1.2013. Mohan was assigned the work of dissolution. For this work, Mohan was paid ₹ 500. Mohan paid dissolution expenses of₹ 400 from his own pocket. Will any Journal Entry be passed for ₹ 400 paid by Mohan?
Answer:
No.

Question 12.
A firm has investment fluctuation fund of ₹ 10,000. It does not have investments on its Balance Sheet at the time of its dissolution. In which account(s), amount of investments fluctuation fund be transferred?
Answer:
In Partners’ Capital Accounts.

Question 13.
Why is cash balance not transferred to Realisation Account on the dissolution of a partnership firm?
Answer:
Cash is a liquid asset.

Question 14.
A firm was dissolved on April 1, 2013. The assets side of its Balance Sheet has furniture of ₹ 2,500 whereas on the liabilities side, creditors appeared for ₹ 4,000.-Half of the creditors took half of the furniture at 10% discount and the remaining creditors were paid at 10% premium. What journal entries are required?
Answer:
No journal entry will be passed for the first half of the creditors but for the remaining creditors, entry will be:

Question 15.
Should intangible assets be treated in the manner of treatment of tangible assets at the time of dissolution of a partnership firm?
Answer:
Yes.

Question 16.
In case of dissolution of a firm which liabilities are to be paid first?(CBSE 2011 Compartment Delhi)
Answer:
Debts of third parties.

Question 17.
In case of dissolution of a firm, which item on the liabilities side is to be paid last? (CBSE 2011 Compartment Delhi)
Answer:
Partners’ capital.

Question 18.
A firm has furniture of₹ 6,000 which was taken over by a creditor of₹ 5,000 in full settlement of his claim. Mention whether any journal entry will be passed for this. If yes, pass the journal entry.
Answer:
No, journal entry will be passed.

Question 19.
Creditors of ₹ 50,000 took over stock at agreed value of₹ 45,000 and balance Was paid to him. Pass the journal entry for this transaction.
Answer:
The Journal entry will be:

Question 20.
Drawers of bills payable ₹ 25,000 took over furniture at agreed value of₹ 29,000 and paid the excess value. Pass journal entry for this transaction.
Answer:
The Journal entry will be:

Question 21.
Land and Building (book value) ₹ 1,60,000 sold for ₹ 3,00,000 through a broker who charged 2% commission on the deal. Journalise the transaction, at the time of dissolution of the firm. (CBSE Sample Paper 2018-19)
Answer:

Question 22.
State any one occasion for the dissolution of the firm on court’s orders when a partner becomes. (Compt. Delhi 2017)
Answer:
Partner becomes permanently incapable of performing his duties as a partner.

Question 23.
Name the asset that is not transferred to the debit side of Realisation account, but brings certain amount of cash against its disposal at the time of dissolution of the firm. (CBSE Delhi 2014)
Answer:
Unrecorded assets

Question 24.
Ram and Shyam formed partnership at will. Ram gave a notice on January 1, 2013 to dissolve the firm. Can partnership firm be dissolved even without consent of Shyam? Give reason.
Answer:
Yes.

Dissolution of a Partnership Firm Important Extra Questions Short Answer Type

Question 1.
Ankit, Bobby and Kartik were partners in a firm sharing profits in the ratio 4:3:3. The firm was dissolved on 31-3-2018. Pass the necessary Journal entries for the following transactions after various assets (other than cash and bank) and third party liabilities had been transferred to Realisation Account:
(i) The firm had stock of ₹ 80,000. Ankit took over 50% of the stock at a discount of 20% while the remaining stock was sold off at a profit of 30% on cost.
(ii) A liability under a suit for damages included in creditors was settled at ₹ 32,000 as against only ₹ 13,000 provided in the books. Total creditors of the firm were ₹ 50,000.
(iii) Bobby’s sister’s loan of ₹ 20,000 was paid off along with interest of ₹ 2,000.
(iv) Kartik’s Loan of₹ 12,000 was settled at ₹ 12,500. (CBSE Delhi 2019)
Answer:

Question 2.
State any two contingencies that may result into dissolution of a partnership firm. (CBSE Delhi 2019)
Answer:
Contingencies that may result into dissolution of a partnership firm: (Any two)

• If the firm is constituted for a fixed term, on the expiry of that term.
• If constituted to carry out one or more ventures, on the completion of the venture.

Question 3.
The firm of Manjeet, Sujeet and Jagjeet was dissolved on 31st March, 2018. It was agreed that Sujeet will take care of the dissolution related activities and will get 10% of the value of assets realised. Sujeet agreed to bear the realisation expenses. Assets realised ₹ 10,00,750 and realisation expenses were ₹90,000, which were paid from the firm’s cash. ₹4,50,000 were paid to the creditors in full settlement of their claim.
Pass necessary journal entries for the above transactions in the books of the firm.
(CBSE Outside Delhi 2019)
Answer:

Question 4.
The firm of R, K and S was dissolved on 31.3.2019. Pass necessary journal entries for the following after various assets (other than cash and Bank) and the third party liabilities had been transferred to realisation account.
(i) K agreed to pay off his wife’s loan of ₹ 6,000.
(if) Total Creditors of the firm were ₹ 40,000. Creditors worth ₹ 10,000 were given a piece of furniture costing ₹8,000 in full and final settlement. Remaining creditors allowed a discount of 10%.
(iii) A machine that was not recorded in the books was taken over by K at ₹ 3,000 whereas its expected value was ₹ 5,000.
(iv) The firm had a debit balance of ₹ 15,000 in the profit and loss A/c on the date of dissolution.
(‘CBSE Sample Paper 2019-20)
Answer:

Question 5.
Ravi and Mukesh were partners in a firm sharing profits and losses equally. On 31st March, 2019 their firm was dissolved. On the date of dissolution their Balance Sheet showed stock of ₹ 60,000 and creditors of ₹ 70,000. After transferring stock and creditors to realisation account the following transaction took place:
(i) Ravi took over 40% of total stock at 20% discount.
(ii) 30% of total stock was taken over by creditors of₹ 20,000 in full settlement.
(iii) Remaining stock was sold for cash at a profit of 25%.
(iv) Remaining creditors were paid in cash at a discount of 10%.
Pass necessary journal entries for the above transactions in the book of the firm. (CBSE Compt. 2019)
Answer:

Question 6.
Singh and Jain were partners in a firm sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3 : 7. On 31st March, 2019 their firm was dissolved. On the date of dissolution the Balance Sheet showed stock of ₹ 90,000 and creditors of₹ 1,00,000. After transferring the assets (other than cash in hand and cash at bank) and third party liabilities to realisation account the following transactions took place:
(i) Singh took over 50% of the total stock at 10% discount.
(if) 20% of the total stock was taken over by creditors of₹ 20,000 in full settlement.
(iii) Remaining stock was sold for cash at 10% loss.
(iv) Remaining creditors were paid by cheque at a discount of 5%.
Pass necessary journal entries for the above transactions in the books of the firm. (CBSE Compt. 2019)
Answer:

Question 7.
The book value of assets (other than cash and bank) transferred to Realisation Account is ₹ 1,00,000. 50% of the assets are taken over by a partner Atul, at a discount of 20%. 40% of the remaining assets are sold at a profit of 30% on cost; 5% of the balance being obsolete, realised nothing and remaining assets are handed over to a creditor, in full settlement of his claim. You are required to record the journal entries for realisation of assets.
Answer:

Question 8.
A and B who were sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3:1 respectively decide to dissolved the firm on March 31, 2014 at which date some of the balances were as follows:
A’s capital ₹ 2,00,000, B’s capital ₹ 20,000 (debit balance). Profit and Loss A/c ₹ 16,000 (debit balance! Trade Creditors ₹ 60,000, Loan from Mrs. A ₹ 20,000, Cash at Bank ₹ 4,000.
Assets (other than cash at bank) realised ₹ 1,10,000 and all creditors were paid off less 5% discount. Realisation expenses amounted to ₹ 1,000. Prepare Memorandum Balance sheet.
Answer:

Question 9.
Journalise the following transactions regarding realisation expenses:
(a) Realisation expenses amounted to ₹ 2,500.
(b) Realisation expenses amounting to ₹ 3,000 were paid by Ashok, one of the partners.
(c) Realisation expenses ₹ 2,300 borne by Tarun, personally.
(d) Amit, a partner was appointed to realise the assets, at a cost of ₹ 4,000. The actual amount of realisation amounted to ₹ 3,000.
Answer:

Question 10.
L and M were partners in a firm sharing profits in the ratio of 2 : 3. On 28.2.2016 the firm was dissolved. After transferring assets (other than cash) and outsider’s liabilities to realisation account you are given the following information:
(i) A creditor of ₹ 1,40,000 accepted building valued at ₹ 1,80,000 and paid to the firm ₹ 40,000.
(ii) A second creditor for ₹ 30,000 accepted machinery valued at ₹ 28,000 in full settlement of his claim.
(iii) A third creditor amounting to ₹ 70,000 accepted ₹ 30,000 in cash and investments of the book value of ₹ 45,000 in full settlement of his claim.
(iv) Loss on dissolution was ₹ 4,000.
Pass necessary journal entries for the above transactions in the books of firm assuming that all payments were made by cheque. (CBSE Outside Delhi 2016)
Answer:

Dissolution of a Partnership Firm Important Extra Questions Long Answer Type

Question 1.
A, B and C were partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 2 : 2 : 1. Their Balance Sheet as at 31st March, 2018 was as follows :

On the above date they dissolved the firm and following amounts were realised :
Fixed Assets ₹ 6,75,000; Stock ₹ 3,39,000; Debtors ₹ 1,35,000; Creditors were paid ₹ 1,85,000 in full settlement of their claim. Expenses on Realisation amounted to ₹ 19,000.
Pass the necessary journal entries on the dissolution of the firm.
Answer:

Question 2.
Pradeep and Rajesh were partners in a firm sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3:2. They decided to dissolve their partnership firm on 31st March, 2018. Pradeep was deputed to realize the assets and to pay off the liabilities. He was paid ₹ 1,000 as commission for his services. The financial position of the firm on 31st March, 2018 was as follows:

Following terms and conditions were agreed upon:
(i) Pradeep agreed to pay off his wife’s loan.
(ii) Half of the debtor’s realized ₹ 12,000 and remaining debtors were used to pay off 25% of the creditors.
(iii) Investment sold to Rajesh for ₹ 27,000
(iv) Building realized ₹ 1,52,000
(v) Remaining creditors were to be paid after two months, they were paid immediately at 10% p.a. discount
(vi) Bill receivables were settled at a loss of ₹ 1,400
(vii) Realization expenses amounted to ₹ 2,500
Prepare Realization Account. (CBSE Sample Paper 2018-19)
Answer:

Question 3.
Parth and Shivika were partners in a firm sharing profits in the ratio of 3 : 2. The Balance Sheet of the firm on 31st March, 2014 was as follows:

On the above date the firm was dissolved. The assets were realized and the liabilities were paid off as follows:
(a) 50 % of the furniture was taken over by Parth at 20% less than book value. The remaining furniture was sold for ₹ 1,05,000.
(b) Debtors realised ₹ 26,000.
(c) Stock was taken over by Shivika for 29,000.
(d) Shivika’s sister’s loan was paid off along with an interest of ₹ 2,000.
(e) Expenses on realisation amounted to ₹ 5,000.
Prepare Realisation Acount, Partners’ Capital Accounts and Bank Account. (Compartment Delhi 2015)
Answer:

Question 4.
Bora, Singh and Ibrahim were partners in a firm sharing profits in the ratio of 5 :3 :1. On 2-3-2015 their firm was dissolved. The assets were realized and the liabilities were paid off. Given below are the Realisation Account, Partners’ Capital Accounts and Bank Account of the firm. The accountant of the firm left a few amounts unposted in these accounts. You are required to complete these accounts by posting the correct amounts.


Answer:

Question 5.
Ashish and Neha were partners in a firm sharing profits and losses in the ratio 4:3. They decided to dissolve the firm on 1st May 2014. From the information given below, complete Realisation A/c, Partner’s Capital Accounts and Bank A/c:


Answer:

Question 6.
Give journal entries for the following transactions:
1. To record the realisation of various assets and liabilities.
2. A firm has a stock of₹ 1,60,000. Aziz, a partner took over 50% of the stock at a discount of 20%.
3. Remaining stock was sold at a profit of 30% on cost.
4. Land and Building (book value ₹ 1,60,000) sold for ₹ 3,00,000 through a broker who charged 2%, commission on the deal.
5. Plant and Machinery (book value ₹ 60,000) was handed over to a creditor at an agreed valuation of 10% less than the book value.
6. Investment whose face value was ₹ 4,000 was realised at 50%.
Answer:

Question 7.
Record necessary journal entries to record the following unrecorded assets and liabilities in the books of Paras and Priya:
1. There was an old furniture in the firm which had been written-off completely in the books. This was sold for ₹ 3,000.
2. Ashish, an old customer whose account for ₹ 1,000 was written-off as bad in the previous year, paid 60% of die amount
3. Paras agreed to takeover the firm’s goodwill (not recorded in the books of the firm), at a valuation of ₹ 30,000.
4. There was an old typewriter which had been written off completely from the books. It was estimated to realize ₹ 400. It was taken away by Priya at an estimated price less 25%.
5. There were 100 shares of ₹ 10 each in Star Limited acquired at a cost of ₹ 2,000 which had been written-off completely from die books. These shares are valued @ ₹ 6 each and divided among the partners in their profit sharing ratio.
Answer:

Question 8.
What journal entries would be recorded for the following transactions on die dissolution of a firm after various assets (other than cash) and the third party liabilities have been transferred to Realisation account₹
1. Arti took over die stock worth ₹ 80,000 at ₹ 68,000.
2. There was unrecorded bike of₹ 40,000 which was taken over By Mr. Karim.
3. The firm paid ₹ 40,000 as compensation to employees.
4. Sundry creditors amounting to ₹ 36,000 were settled at a discount of 15%.
5. Loss on realisation ₹ 42,000 was to be distributed between Arti and Karim in the ratio of 3:4.
Answer:

Question 9.
E, F and G were partners in a firm sharing profits in the ratio of 2 : 2 : 1. On March 31,2017, their firm was dissolved. On the date of dissolution, the Balance Sheet of the firm was as follows:

F was appointed to undertake the process of dissolution for which he was allowed a remuneration of ₹ 5,000. F agreed to bear the dissolution expenses. Assets realized as follows:
(i) The Land & Building was sold for ₹ 1,08,900.
(ii) Furniture was sold at 25% of book value.
(iii) Machinery was sold as scrap for ₹ 9,000.
(iv) All the Debtors were realized at full value.
Creditors were payable on an average of 3 months from the date of dissolution. On discharging the Creditors on the date of dissolution, they allowed a discount of 5%.
Pass necessary Journal entries for dissolution in the books of the firm. (CBSE Sample Paper 2017-18)
Answer:

Question 10.
Give the necessary journal entries for the following transactions on dissolution of the firm of Aman and Rajat on 31 st March, 2016, after the transfer of various assets (other than cash) and the third party liabilities to Realisation Account. They shared profits and losses in the ratio of 2 : 1.
(а) There was a bill of exchange of ₹ 10,000 under discount. The bill was received from Derek who became insolvent.
(b) Bills payable of ₹ 30,000 falling due on 30th April, 2016 were discharged at ₹ 29,550.
(c) Creditors of ₹ 30,000 took over stock of ₹ 10,000 at 10% discount and the balance was paid to them in cash.
(d) There was an old typewriter which had been written off completely. It was estimated to realize ₹ 600. It was taken away by Rajat at 25% less than the estimated price.
(e) Aman agreed to take over the responsibility of completing dissolution at an agreed remuneration of ₹ 1,000 and to bear all realization expenses. Actual realisation expenses ₹ 800 were paid by the firm.
(f) Loss on realization was ₹ 54,000.
Answer:

Online Education Important Questions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter Wise: Here we are providing CBSE Important Extra Questions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter Wise Pdf download of Contemporary World Politics, Politics in India Since Independence in Hindi and English Medium. Students can get Class 12 Political Science NCERT Solutions, Political Science Class 12 Important Extra Questions and Answers designed by subject expert teachers.

Online Education CBSE Class 12 Political Science Important Extra Questions and Answers Chapter Wise Pdf

Important Questions of Political Science Class 12 Part A Contemporary World Politics

1. The Cold War Era Important Questions
2. The End of Bipolarity Important Questions
3. US Hegemony in World Politics Important Questions
4. Alternative Centres of Power Important Questions
5. Contemporary South Asia Important Questions
6. International Organisations Important Questions
7. Security in the Contemporary World Important Questions
8. Environment and Natural Resources Important Questions
9. Globalisation Important Questions

Political Science Class 12 Important Questions Part B Politics in India Since Independence

1. Challenges of Nation Building Important Questions
2. Era of One Party Dominance Important Questions
3. Politics of Planned Development Important Questions
4. India’s External Relations Important Questions
5. Challenges to and Restoration of Congress System Important Questions
6. The Crisis of Democratic Order Important Questions
7. Rise of Popular Movements Important Questions
8. Regional Aspirations Important Questions
9. Recent Developments in Indian Politics Important Questions

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Answer:
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Here we are providing Online Education Class 12 Economics Important Extra Questions and Answers Chapter 7 Employment: Growth, Informalisation and Other Issues. Economics Class 12 Important Questions are the best resource for students which helps in class 12 board exams.

Online Education for Class 12 Economics Chapter 7 Important Extra Questions Employment: Growth, Informalisation and Other Issues

Employment: Growth, Informalisation and Other Issues Important Extra Questions Very Short Answer Type

Question 1.
Define employment.
Answer:
Employment is a situation in which a person, who is able and willing to work at existing wage, gets work.

Question 2.
Who are workers?
Answer:
Workers are those who are engaged in economic activities and contribute to the Gross National Product.

Question 3.
Give the formula for calculating worker-population ratio.
Answer:
Worker-population ratio is calculated as:
\(\frac{\text { Total Number of Workers }}{\text { Total Population }} \times 100\)

Question 4.
What is the share of women in rural workforce.
Answer:
Women workers constitute one-third of the rural workforce.

Question 5.
Name different types of workers.
Answer:
The different types of workers are:
(i) Regular salaried employees
(ii) Casual workers
(iii) Self-employed

Question 6.
Why is the share of self-employed is greater in rural areas?
Answer:
The share of self-employed is greater in rural areas because majority of those depending on farming own plots of land and cultivate independently.

Question 7.
Give the distribution of workforce by industry in rural areas.
Answer:
The distribution of workforce by industry in rural areas during 201 I -12 is as below:
(i) Primary sector – 64.1 percent
(ii) Secondary sector – 20.4 percent
(iii) Tertiary sector – 15.5 percent

Question 8.
When does jobless growth take place?
Answer:
Jobless growth takes place when a country produces more goods and services without generating employment.

Question 9.
Define casualisation of workforce.
Answer:
Casualisation of workforce means movement from self-employment and regular salaried employment to casual wage work.

Question 10.
Which of these are unorganised sector activities?
(i) A teacher
(ii) A headload worker
(iii) A farmer
(iv) A doctor
(v) A daily wage labourer
(vi) A factory worker
Answer:
The headload worker, farmer, daily wage labourer and factory worker are involved in unorganised sector activities.

Question 11.
Define unemployment.
Answer:
Unemployment is a situation in which the person who is willing to work at the prevailing wages is unable to find jobs.

Question 12.
Suggest one way to resolve the problem of underemployment in rural areas.
Answer:
Government can identify, promote and locate industries in semi-rural areas to generate employment opportunities.

Question 13.
State the objective of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005.
Answer:
The objective of the NREGA 2005 is to provide 100 days of guaranteed wage employment to all rural households who volunteer to do unskilled manual work.

Employment: Growth, Informalisation and Other Issues Important Extra Questions Short Answer Type

Question 1.
Why is it important to study about working people?
Answer:
It is important to study about working people to:
(i) understand the quality and nature of employment in our country;
(ii) facilitate planning of our human resources; .
(iii) analyse the contribution of different industries and sectors towards national income; and
(iv) address social issues such as exploitation of backward sections of the society, child labour, etc.

Question 2.
Why are women employed in low paid work?
Answer:
Women are employed in low paid work due to the following reasons:
(i) There is division of labour between men and women due to historical and cultural reasons.
(ii) Literacy rate and skill formation is low among women.
(iii) Legal protection of women employees is meager.
(iv) Most women find jobs in which there is no job security.

Out of 473 million workers in the country, about 30 million workers are engaged in the formal sector and 443 million workers are engaged in informal sector. Hence, workers in the formal sector constitutes only six percent of the total workforce. Of these 30 million formal sector workers, only 6 million, that is, only about 21 percent are women and 79 percent are men. In the informal sector, female and male workers account for 31 and 69 percent of the workforce respectively.

Question 3.
Explain the employment of people in various industries and their status.
Answer:
(i) There has been substantial shift from agriculture to industries and service sector. Although primary sector continues to remain the main source of employment of workers over the last six decades, its share has decreased from 74 percent in 1951 to 49 percent in 2012.

With the process of development in the country, the share of employment is increasing in secondary and tertiary sectors. The share of industries has increased from 11 to 24 percent and that of service sector has increased from 15 to 27 percent during 1950-2012.

(ii) The changes in the distribution of workforce in different status over the last four decades indicate that people have moved from self-employment and regular salaried employment to casual wage work.

Question 4.
Compare the employment conditions prevailing in the organised and unorganised sectors.
Answer:
Comparison between Organised Sector and Unorganised Sector

Question 5.
Workers are exploited in the unorganised sector. Do you agree with this view? Give reasons in support of your answer.
Answer:
Unorganised sector comprises of small and scattered units, which are largely outside the control of the government. Workers in the unorganised sector are often exploited because of the following reasons:

• No rules and regulations
• Irregular and low-paid jobs
• No provision for overtime, leaves, etc.
• No job security
• Social discrimination

Question 6.
What is meant by disguised unemployment? Explain giving an example.
Answer:
In disguised unemployment, more than required persons are engaged in a job. People appear to be employed but they are actually unemployed. This type of unemployment usually happens among family members engaged in agricultural activity. Suppose there are 7 members in a family.

Although the work requires the service of only 4 people, all-the members of a family find work on that agricultural plot. The output of the field will not decline if 3 members are removed from the process. These 3 members are disguisedly unemployed.

Question 7.
What is the difference between disguised unemployment and seasonal unemployment?
Answer :
Following are the main points of difference between disguised and seasonal unemployment:

Question 8.
What are the disadvantages of unemployment? Explain.
Answer:
The main disadvantages of unemployment are:
(i) Increase in Poverty: The main cause of poverty is unemployment. People do not have enough money to support their family. This leads to the situation of poverty.

(ii) Wastage of Resource: Human capital is an important economic resource. Unemployment leads to wastage of manpower resource. People who are an asset for the economy turn into a liability. This creates a feeling of despair among the youth.

(iii) Increase in Dependent Population: Unemployment tends to increase the economic overload. The dependence of the unemployed on the working population increases.

Question 9.
What is unemployment? What are the most common types of unemployment found in India?
Answer:
Unemployment is a situation in which the people who are willing to work at the prevailing wages are unable to find jobs. The most common types of unemployment found in India are:

(i) Seasonal Unemployment: This type of unemployment takes place when people are not able to find jobs during some months of the year. The situation of seasonal unemployment arises mainly in agricultural sector people are busy during sowing, harvesting, weeding and threshing. However, there are certain months in which they do not get much work.

(ii) Disguised Unemployment: In disguised unemployment, more than required persons are engaged in a job. This type of unemployment usually happens among family members engaged in agricultural activity.

Employment: Growth, Informalisation and Other Issues Important Extra Questions Long Answer Type

Question 1.
What are the causes of informalisation of work force in India?
Answer:
The following are the causes of informalisation of work force in India:
(i) Close Down of the Enterprises: Many enterprises were incurring losses during 1980’s and 90’s and hence, were closed down. This had driven a large number of workers in informal sector. For example, in the early 1980’s, textile mills all over the country began to dose down.

In Mumbai, the mills closed rapidly. But in Ahmedabad. the close-down process spread over 10 years due to strong trade unions. Approximately 80,000 permanent workers and ever 50,000 non-permanent workers lost their jobs and were driven to the informal sector.

(ii) Losses Making Public Sector: Due to the losses incurred by public sector enterprise, the Government of India either disinvests or closes down these enterprises. This causes informalisation of the workforce. Increasing Population: Employment generation in the formal sector fail to match the needs of rapidly increasing population. As a result, people are forced to take up casual jobs to earn a living.

Question 2.
How are the activities in the economy classified on the basis of employment conditions?
Answer:
The activities in the economy on the basis of employment conditions are classified as organised sector and unorganised sector.

(i) Organised Sector: It covers those enterprises or places of work where the terms of employment are regular and therefore, people have assured work. Its features are:

• Formal processes and procedures
• Proper rules and regulations
• Job security
• Fixed number of job hours, paid overtime for working more
• Get paid leave, payment during holidays
• Get provident fund, gratuity and pensions on retirement
• Safe working environment

(ii) Unorganised Sector: Unorganised sector comprises of small and scattered units, which are largely outside the control of the government. Its features are:

• No rules and regulations
• Irregular and low-paid jobs
• No provision for overtime, leaves, etc.
• No job security
• Social discrimination

Question 3.
What are the causes of unemployment in India?
Answer:
The following are major causes of unemployment in India:
(i) Increase in Population: There has been tremendous increase in the population in India since : 1951. Consequently the number of working population has also increased. Thus, increasing pressure of population has accentuated the problem of unemployment.

(ii) Failure of Planning: Planning could not create as many jobs as the number of jobs-seekers. Thus, faulty planning is also responsible for unemployment.

(iii) Neglect ofAgriculture: Agriculture was not paid due attention during different plans. Comparatively less expenditure was made on this sector. As a result, agriculture could not develop fully.

(iv) Neglect of Small Scale and Cottage Industries: Small scale and cottage industries are labour intensive. But these industries could not develop in India appreciably. The plans laid more stress on capital intensive heavy, basic and large industries.

(v) Slow Industrial Growth: Industrial growth rate has been very slow in India due to vane reasons. It has increased urban unemployment.

(vi) Defective Education System: Our education system lays more emphasis on ‘general’ education rather than ‘vocational’ one. It is not job-oriented and this leads to rapid increase in white-collar unemployment.

Question 4.
Explain the various self-employment and wage generation programmes initiated by the government to solve the problem of unemployment.
Answer:
The various self-employment and wage generation programmes initiated by the government to solve the problem of unemployment are:
(i) Food for work Programme (FWP): FWP was launched in the 1970s for the upliftment of the poor. Under this programme, foodgrains are distributed against the wage work.

(ii) Prime Minister’s RozgarYojana (PMRY): This programme has been implemented by the Khadi and Village Industries Commission, which aims at creating self-employment opportunities in rural areas and small towns. One can get financial assistance with bank loans to set up small enterprises under this programme.

Under PMRY, the educated unemployed from low-income families in both rural and urban areas can get financial help to set up any type of industry, which generates employment.

(iii) Swarna Jayanti Shahari RozgarYojana (SJSRY): It aims at creating employment opportunities, both self-employment and wage employment in urban areas. Individuals were given financial assistance under self-employment programmes.

(iv) Swarnajayanthi Gram SwarozgarYojana: Sawamajayanthi Gram Swarozgar Yojana was launched in April 1999 and is the only self-employment programme currently being implemented. It aims at promoting micro enterprises and to bring the assisted poor families (Swarozgcris) above the poverty line by organising them into Self-Help Groups through the process of social mobilisation, training and capacity building and provision of income generating assets through a mix of Bank Credit and Government subsidy.

(v) Sampoorna Grameen RozgarYojana (SGRY): SGRY was launched in September 2001. The schemes Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana and Employment Assurance Scheme have been fully integrated with SGRY. The objective of the scheme is to provide additional wage employment along with food security, creation of durable community, social and economic assets and infrastructure development in the rural areas. The scheme envisages generation of 100 man-days of employment in a year.

(vi) National Food for Work Programme (NFWP): National Food for Work Programme was launched on November 14, 2004 in 150 most backward districts of the India, It is implemented as a 100 percent centrally sponsored scheme and the food grains are provided to States free of cost. The objective of the programme was to intensify the generation of supplementary wage employment.

Employment: Growth, Informalisation and Other Issues Important Extra Questions HOTS

Question 1.
Disguised unemployment is not prevalent in agriculture alone. Comment.
Answer:
Disguised unemployment is the characteristic feature of the Indian agriculture. It is almost rampant for owing to heavy pressure of population, joint family system and the lack of vocational avenues outside agriculture. However, it is a phenomenon not confined in agriculture alone.

A deeper look into the functioning of public sector enterprises shows lots of people sitting idle all the time. It is a point to the fact the more people are employed than actually needed. Surely, it is a sign of disguised unemployment.

Question 2.
Population of India is increasing at a much faster rate as compared to employment opportunities.
Give some suggestions to rectify the situation.
Answer:
The following steps can be taken to increase employment opportunities:

• Increase in productivity
• Increase in production
• Educational reforms
• Help to self-employed persons
• Focus on vocational training

Question 3.
What are the causes of informalisation of work force in India?
Answer:
The following are the causes of informalisation of work force in India:
(i) Close Down of the Enterprises: Many enterprises were incurring losses during 1980’s and 90’s and hence, were closed down. This had driven a large number of workers in informal sector. For example, in the early 1980’s, textile mills all over the country began to dose down. In Mumbai, the mills closed rapidly.

But in Ahmedabad. the close-down process spread over 10 years due to strong trade unions. Approximately 80,000 permanent workers and ever 50,000 non-permanent workers lost their jobs and were driven to the informal sector.

(ii) Losses Making Public Sector: Due to the losses incurred by public sector enterprise, the Government of India either disinvests or closes down these enterprises. This causes informalisation of the workforce. Increasing Population: Employment generation in the formal sector fail to match the needs of rapidly increasing population. As a result, people are forced to take up casual jobs to earn a living.

Online Education for Invitation and Replies Class 12 Format, Examples

Invitations are of two kinds:

• Formal ➝ invitation card/letter ➝ In a fixed format
• Informal ➝ A letter or a note ➝ Free handwriting

This grammar section explains English grammar in a clear and simple way. There are example sentences to show how the language is used. NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English will help you to write better answers in your Class 12 exams. Because the Solutions are solved by subject matter experts. https://ncertmcq.com/invitation-and-replies-class-12/

Invitation Class 12

Formal invitations are sent to relatives, friends, acquaintances, etc. on social occasions.
A simple yet elegant printed card is preferred.

Invitations are written in the third person.
Example:

• Mr. and Mrs. S. Surendran request the pleasure of the company of Mr. and Mrs. Rajkumar…………….

Note that the English etiquette requires the husband’s name to be written first.
Example:

• Mr. and Mrs. G. Joseph

Avoid the use of abbreviations for the names of guests, days, dates. However, the abbreviation RSVP (Respondezs’il Vous plait) which means “Please Reply’ is put at the bottom.

The subject matter is written in the centre setting. Details such as an address, dress code, or any other instructions are written at the bottom to the left or the right as per choice or convenience.

Invitation Format Class 12

♦ Sample Invitations

1. Formal Invitation (4marks)

Informal Invitation (4marks)

Formal Invitation Class 12

2. Formal Invitation (4marks)

Informal Invitation (4marks)

Formal And Informal Invitation Class 12

3. Sample Formal Invitation (4marks)

Invitation Writing Class 12

4. Formal Invitation – Letter Format (Format-Similar to a formal letter) (4marks)

Formal Invitation Format Class 12

5. Formal Invitation (4marks)

Invitation And Replies Class 12

6. Informal Invitation (4marks)

Informal Invitation Class 12

7. Sample Formal Invitation (4marks)

Informal Invitation (4marks)

♦ Informal Invitation:

Invitation Format Question 8.
Vikasananda School, Bhamti, Nagpur is celebrating its Annual Prize Distribution Function on 14 August. As Mr. Gopinath Munde, Principal of the school, draft an invitation, in not more than 50 words, to be sent to the parents and guests.

(a) …………………………………………………………………………………………………… of (b) …………………………………………………………………………………………………… cordially invite (c) …………………………………………………………………………………………………… to (d) …………………………………………………………………………………………………… (e) …………………………………………………………………………………………………… (f) …………………………………………………………………………………………………… Brig. R.K. Gadhoke, Chairman, ‘Managing Committee (g) …………………………………………………………………………………………………… (h) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………

Answer:
(a) The Principal, staff, and students
(b) Vikasananda School, Bhamti, Nagpur
(c) (Name)
(d) The Annual Prize Distribution Function
(e) at 4.00 p.m. on Friday, 14 August 2015
(f) in the Air Force Auditorium, Bharti
(g) has kindly consented to be the Chief Guest
(h) and give away the prizes.

Invitation Reply Class 12 Question 2.
You are the President, Literary Society of Sunshine International School. Draft an invitation to the author, Ms. Manjul Bajaj requesting her to conduct a workshop on creative writing in your school. You are Romi/Rohit. (4 marks)
Answer:

Formal Invitation Format Question 3.
On 30th November your school is going to hold its Annual Sports Day. You want Mr. Dhanraj Pillai, a noted hockey player to give away the prizes to the budding sportspersons of the school. Write a formal invitation in about 50 words requesting him to grace the occasion. You are Karuna/Karan, Sports Secretary, Sunrise Global School, Agra. (4 marks) [CBSE (AT) 2016]
Answer:

Informal Invitation Question 4.
Sunrise Global School, Agra is going to organise a one-act play competition in the school auditorium. You have decided to invite noted stage artiste, Nalini to grace the occasion. Draft a formal invitation for her in about 50 words. You are Karuna/Karan, Cultural Secretary. (4 marks) [CBSE Delhi 2016]
Answer:

Invitation Class 12 Format Question 5.
You are Dhruv/Deepa. Your father, Shri Dheeraj Garg of Gurugram wants you to draft an invitation to be sent to friends and relatives on the occasion of your elder sister’s marriage. Prepare the invitation giving necessary details in not more than 50 words. (4 marks) [CBSE (1/2/1) 2019]
Answer:

♦ Replies:

A reply to an invitation is as formal as the invitation itself. A reply to an invitation is essential to appreciate the host’s feelings and letting the host know whether you are attending the function or not. This helps him/her to make arrangements accordingly.

♦ Main Characteristics:

The reply to an invitation must acknowledge the invitation by expressing thanks. The reply should mention whether the invitation has been accepted or refused (specify reason) using a warm and specific language. The reply should be brief and specific. Do remember to include greetings like ‘Best Wishes’ in case you are declining the invitation.

Invitations And Replies Class 12

♦ Sample Formal Replies

Accepting the Invitation (Formal) (4 marks)

Declining the Invitation (Formal) (4 marks)

Sample Informal Replies
Accepting the invitation (4 marks)

Declining the Invitation (4 marks)

In Online Education A report is a factual description of an issue or a problem. A report is written for a clear purpose and for a particular audience. Various forms of reports are: newspaper reports, inquiry reports, progress or action taken report, a police report, a report of a meeting, etc., each having a distinct character and format.

This grammar section explains English Grammar in a clear and simple way. There are example sentences to show how the language is used. NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English will help you to write better answers in your Class 12 exams. Because the Solutions are solved by subject matter experts. https://ncertmcq.com/report-writing-class-12/

Online Education for Report Writing Class 12 Format, Examples, Topics, Samples, Types

Report Writing Class 12

Newspaper Report

A newspaper report must be comprehensive, but brief, factual yet interesting. Hence, factual reporting is the accurate and truthful coverage of an event.

• It is a brief review of a situation or a process that includes only the relevant points and information.
• It is usually written in the third person and indirect speech.
• Passive voice is used.
• The language is neutral and figurative.
• Ornamental language is avoided. The content should include answers to the questions when, where, why and how on the topic to be written about.

Characteristics of a Newspaper Report

• A news report should have a headline, date, place of origin of the news.
• It must contain the byline/name of the reporter.
• It must contain only relevant information.
• The newspaper report must have appropriate language for a report.
• It must contain a logical development of ideas, i.e. causes/reasons, effects or consequences.
• It must include the opinions of people and it should be comprehensive. It should contain views of all sides involved.
• Personal pronouns are to be avoided.

Format:
A newspaper report consists of the following elements:

Headline:
Every news article has a headline to attract the attention of the reader. The headline must state the topic of the news in a strong, short phrase or statement.

A headline must be:

• catchy
• brief-articles, prepositions, etc. must be left out wherever possible; abbreviations and shortened word-forms may be used wherever required

Byline
Since this is your news article, you need to let the reader know who wrote it. The line with your name on it is called the ‘By’ line because it tells by whom the article is written. Write the word ‘By’ followed by your first and last name.

Lead Paragraph
A lead paragraph usually answers the questions: Who, What, Where, When, Why. The report usually begins with the name of the city where the report is being written and the date when it is being written.

Remember to write about these in your lead paragraph.

• day, date, and time of the day when the incident happened
• name/names of the person(s)/event(s), etc. that the news is about
• a place where the incident happened
• details of the incident
• reasons why the incident happened

Report Writing Format Class 12

Paragraph 2
The second paragraph should tell the reader how the incident happened in detail. Narrate the incident in chronological order.

Paragraph 3
Eyewitness accounts add to the authenticity of the news. Also, they may interest the reader. Include some quotes from the eyewitness’ comments. Also, describe what they felt about the incident.

Paragraph 4

• Describe the future course of action is planned.
• Remember to use simple, clear but formal language.

Report Writing Examples For Class 12 Question 1.
You are Pranjal/Paakhi. You have received training in first aid, as a member of the Red Cross Society, arranged by your school. Prepare your report for the school magazine about your training in 100–125 words.

Report Writing Class 12 Pdf Question 2.
Cultural Society Sunshine Public School, Nellore organised an Adult Literacy Camp in its neighbourhood. Write a report in 150-200 words on the camp for your school newsletter. You are P.V. Sunitha, Secretary. Use the following clues: no. of volunteers – hours spent in teaching – location of the class – chairs, blackboards – no. of people attending the camp – benefit (10 marks) [CBSE (Delhi) 2017]

Answer:

Adult Literacy Camp
By P.V. Sunitha, Secretary, Cultural Society, Sunshine Public School,
Nellore

Nellore, May 01, 20XX: A commendable step was taken by the members of our Cultural Society of the school to organise a Literacy Camp to invite members of the local school- clubs, residents of various welfare organisations, and several NGOs to be a part of it. The camp started around 8 a.m. It was inaugurated by the District Literacy Chairperson, Dr. Nitin Rahtogi. Various NGOs, local clubs and schools had sent their representatives.

The total number of volunteers registered was 450. There were six experienced trainers who systematically explained with tools how the literacy programme is to be introduced in different pockets and continued in these phases to reach its target annually. Classes were held in six different spots within a short radius of the camp. The main tools were blackboards, chairs, basic texts on reading, writing and arithmetic. The camp lasted for five hours with a snack break for half an hour.

The volunteers expressed their gratitude for getting the opportunity of learning more than they expected, for the beneficial interactive sessions and for getting a scope to clear their doubts. The camp came to an end with the vote of thanks from the President of the host club.

Class 12 Report Writing Question 3.
Your school is situated near a road intersection. Last week, in the morning, a bus coming at a great speed overturned when it braked suddenly. Senior students of your school rushed out and did everything to save the passengers. You were part of the rescue efforts. Write a report in 150-200 words on the accident and your friends’ role, for your school newsletter. You are George/Mary. (10 marks) [CBSE (AI) 2017]

Answer:

Bus Overturns on NH2 and NHPC Crossing
By Mary

Pari Chowk, March 10, 20XX

At about 8.30 a.m., yesterday, a private bus, carrying passengers, of Rome S-22, coming at break-neck speed, while trying to overtake a Honda City, braked suddenly as a boy ran to cross over the other side of NHPC or Pari Chowk. In seconds, the bus overturned. It could have been that the driver lost full control of the bus and the breaks failed or the size of the bus was incompatible with its speed and the sudden break. Passengers could be heard yelling and crying for help. As the school had not started, the High School students near the school gates immediately rushed to the spot, tried to get ladders and after breaking the glass panes, dragged passengers who were terrified and injured. Some were already with broken heads and limbs. Local help came in ten-fifteen minutes. The ambulance arrived and the police from the nearby police station on being called up by a senior student arrived to help in the rescue operation. There were 40 passengers on the whole. 3 women passed away, 5 children had serious injuries, some were moved to % the nearby hospital, while a few were given first-aid by the school medical team and sent away. The driver had serious head injury and a broken arm, while the helper died on spot.

It is high time that drivers become more responsible, frequent police patrol is arranged for at intersections and heavy penalty is imposed on crossing speed limits.

Report Writing For Class 12 Question 4.
Last month, Adventure Club, Sunshine Public School, Rampur organised a trek around Corbett National Park. During the eight-hour trek, the group lost its way but ultimately reached the starting point. On return, you, Asim/Asha, the group leader made a report on the trek to the Principal. Write his/her report in 150-200 words. (10 marks) [CBSE (F) 2017]

Answer:

School Trip: Trek Around Corbett National Park
By Asim

The Adventure Club of our school organised an eight-hour trek around Corbett National Park. A group of 30 students and 3 teachers embarked on the trip. It was a fun-filled trip away from school and at home. Trekking through beautiful forests provided a glimpse of the beautiful scenic foothills and the Himalayan Mountain.

We reached Corbett in the morning at 6:00 a.m. in our school bus. After reaching there, we had our breakfast, which was not only healthy but also tasty. Then we began preparation for the trek. The teachers divided all the students in three groups for the trek. Each group was to be led by a teacher. Our guide gave us all the instructions of dos and don’ts during the trek. We were all very excited and enthusiastic.

Report Writing Topics For Class 12 Question 5.
Traffic police have launched a special drive against pollution-causing vehicles. This has led to traffic jams and crowds at important intersections. Write a report in 150-200 words to be published in the ‘Chennai Times’. You are Prince/Priya, 12, M.G. Road, Adayar, Chennai. (10 marks) [CBSE Delhi 2013]

Answer:

Drive against Pollution-causing Vehicles
-Priya
Chennai Times

Traffic jams are a common sight in Chennai. But these days, they are on a rise. All because of the special drive-by traffic police against pollution-causing vehicles. Important intersections have been chosen and the concerned people can be seen in groups stationed at these points. Each and every vehicle is being stopped and their ‘No Pollution certificates’ are being checked. ? 1000/- is being charged as fine for the lapse. This drive is a positive step in achieving a pollution-free environment but has created a lot of inconvenience for the public and the daily commuters, as it has led to traffic jams. People are stranded on the roads for hours, getting late for their place of work. Though the new drive is highly appreciated by the people, they also feel that it is important that the public should not suffer. The authorities must find an alternative way for such a check that would cause less inconvenience to the general public.

Report Writing Class 12 Examples Question 6.
You are Karan/Kirti of L.M. Memorial Public School, Dwarka. Your school has adopted a village as a social responsibility. Students are being taken to teach the children of the village on a regular basis. Write a report, for your school magazine, on the various other programmes organised there in 150-200 words. (10 marks) [CBSE Sample Paper 2019]

Answer:

Village Adoption – A Social Responsibility
By Karan

Recently, the students of L.M. Memorial Public School were taken to a village in the Periphery of Delhi. This village named as ‘Khyala’ near Najafgarh was adopted by our school for a month as a social responsibility. The main motive for this adoption was to spread awareness among the people about cleanliness, adult education, girl- child education, and removing the social evil of poverty and illiteracy. The students from Classes IX and XII participated in it.

The village students were given elementary knowledge. They were taught the alphabet, addition, subtraction, etc. Not only this, they cleaned the surroundings of the village and showed the people the need to maintain cleanliness through a street play. Old people were also attended with great care. The students provided them with some necessary day-to-day things. It was innovative and informative on the part of the villagers. The students learned how to connect with the roots of our country. Overall, it was a memorable experience for all to serve the people of this village.

Report Writing Questions For Class 12 Question 7.
An NGO, ‘Health for All’ organised a health check-up camp in a slum at Amritsar. You are Ruchika/Raunak, and you visited the camp. Write a report in 150-200 words covering arrangements such as registration, check-up, tests carried out, etc. (10 marks) [CBSE 2019 (1/2/1)]

Answer:

Health Check-up Camp
By Ruchika

Amritsar, March 2, 20XX
A medical health care camp was set up in Amritsar by the NGO-Health. In the camp, proper medical treatment of the people of Amritsar and nearby areas was done and remedial measures were provided, all free of cost, including the basic medicines required for early recovery.

Students of Guru Nanak University, Amritsar noted down the details of the people of slum area who had come for the health check-up. People were encouraged to do simple activities on a regular basis to get rid of excessive body pain. A Blood Pressure (BP) check was performed on every patient. After that, they were sent to their respective doctors where they were appropriate given the right directions regarding their health.

A large majority of people were suffering from chronic back pain, swelling, watery eyes and high/low BP. This is a prime example of how the slums can be served appropriately if we are interested. We need not be high-profile citizens to bring about a change in society. It is the willingness and enthusiasm which comes out from within that encourages you to work for the betterment of others.

Report Writing Topics Question 8.
As part of an Entrepreneurship project the commerce students of your school recently launched a product called oatlicious. They not only set up a company to produce the product but also designed its advertising and marketing strategy. Write a report in about 150-200 words for your school magazine giving details of the enterprise and its launch. You are Akshay/Akshita of Graham Public School, Indore (10 marks)

Answer:
Oatlicious – The product of Entrepreneurship project By Akshita
July 25, 20XX: The commerce students of our school recently launched a new breakfast product, Oatlicious. This was a part of their entrepreneurship project. The students went ahead to not only set up a company to produce the product but also designed its advertising and marketing strategy. Just like its name, the product tastes and looks delicious.

The product box has a picture of a huge bowl of delicious looking oats. The group also revealed that they have already started selling the product in small 10 rupees pack at the canteen. On the first day of the launch, the students gave free oat packets to the first ten students. Baveen, one of the team members revealed how much struggle they had to face initially to come up with an innovative idea for the project. According to him, it was just a project earlier but now it has become their dream. Baveen and his team found it hard to get sponsors earlier. He revealed how they did part-time jobs and asked their parents to sponsor the project. Now that they are successful, Vibha, one of the teammates revealed that they are getting offers from many companies. They have, however, not decided anything and are just happy and thankful for the response they got.

Report Writing Class 12 Format Question 9.
You are Sandhya/Sohan an active member of the Animal Lovers’ Club which works for the welfare of animals by preventing cruelty to them. Recently, you visited Mahatma Gandhi Animal Care Home. You were pleasantly surprised to see the good treatment given to the animals. Write a report in 150-200 words on your visit. You may use the following points: (10 marks) [CBSE (Compartment) 2018]

Answer:
Visit Mahatma Gandhi Animal Care Home
By Sandhya, Member of Animal Lovers’ Club

Recently, I visited Mahatma Gandhi Animal Care Home with my team. The existence of animals adds charm to the natural surroundings. They too are part of natural habitat. People leave them if they become old or have a disease. These abandoned pets are given shelter at Animal Care Home. My team was really surprised to see the care of these animals when I saw how well they were being treated. There was a well-equipped medical room.

A veterinary surgeon was also present. Animals were allowed to live in the natural surrounding there having their separate living places, huts, and kennels, etc. Injured dogs and cats were also given a congenial environment. This was a positive step on the part of Animal Care Home. All the abandoned animals are searched and then brought to this home by the officials where they are medically and emotionally cared for. Overall, the visit to this Animal Home proved fruitful as it gave inspiration to the youth (members) to spread awareness to love animals rather than treating them with cruelty.

Online Education for Class 12 Hindi Important Questions: Here we are providing CBSE Important Extra Questions for Class 12 Hindi Core Chapter Wise Pdf download of Aroh Bhag 2 आरोह भाग 2 and Vitan Bhag 2 वितान भाग 2. Students can get Class 12 Hindi NCERT Solutions, Class 12 Hindi Important Extra Questions and Answers designed by subject expert teachers.

Online Education CBSE Important Extra Questions for Class 12 Hindi Core Chapter Wise आरोह, वितान भाग 2

Hindi Important Questions CBSE Class 12 Aroh Bhag 2

1. आत्म-परिचय, एक गीत Important Questions
2. पतंग Important Questions
3. कविता के बहाने, बात सीधी थी पर Important Questions
4. कैमरे में बंद अपाहिज Important Questions
5. सहर्ष स्वीकारा है Important Questions
6. उषा Important Questions
7. बादल राग Important Questions
8. कवितावली (उत्तर कांड से), लक्ष्मण-मूच्छ और राम का विलाप Important Questions
9. रुबाइयाँ, गज़ल Important Questions
10. छोटा मेरा खेत, बगुलों के पंख Important Questions
11. भक्तिन Important Questions
12. बाज़ार दर्शन Important Questions
13. काले मेघा पानी दे Important Questions
14. पहलवान की ढोलक Important Questions
15. चार्ली चैप्लिन यानी हम सब Important Questions
16. नमक Important Questions
17. शिरीष के फूल Important Questions
18. श्रम-विभाजन और जाति-प्रथा, मेरी कल्पना का आदर्श समाज Important Questions

Hindi Important Questions CBSE Class 12 Vitan Bhag 2

• सिल्वर वैडिंग Important Questions
• जूझ Important Questions
• अतीत में दबे पाँव Important Questions
• डायरी के पन्ने Important Questions

Online Education for Notice Writing Class 12 Format, Examples, Topics, Exercises

Notice Writing Class 12

A notice is a formal means of communication. The purpose of a notice is to announce or display information to a particular group of people. Notices are generally meant to be put up on specific display boards, whether in schools or in public places. Notices issued by the government appear in newspapers.

This grammar section explains Online Education English grammar in a clear and simple way. There are example sentences to show how the language is used. NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English will help you to write better answers in your Class 12 exams. Because the Solutions are solved by subject matter experts. https://ncertmcq.com/notice-writing-class-12/

♦ A notice should be written in the following format:

• The name of the organisation issuing the notice
• The title ‘NOTICE’
• A heading to introduce the subject of the notice
• The date
• The body of the notice
• The writer’s signature, name (in block letters), and designation

♦ Sample Notice:

Notice Writing For Class 12 Question 1.
As Secretary of the Eco Club of Avabai Petit School, Mumbai, draft notice in not more than 50 words, informing the club members about the screening of Leonardo Dicaprio’s film ‘11th Hour’ in the school’s auditorium.

Sarvodaya Education Society, a charitable organisation is coming to your school to distribute books among needy students. As Head Boy/Head Girl, Sunrise Public School, Surat, write a notice in about 50 words asking such students to drop the lists of books they need in the box kept outside the Principal’s office. You are Navtej/ Navita. (4 marks) [CBSE Delhi 2015]
Answer:

Notice Writing Format Class 12 Question 2.
Your club is going to organise an inter-class singing competition. Write a notice in about 50 words inviting names of the students who want to participate in it. Give all the necessary details. You are Navtej/Navita, Secretary, Music Club, Akash Public School, Agra. (4 marks) [CBSE (AI) 2015]
Answer:

Notice Writing Class 12 Pdf Download Question 3.
Your school is organising a SPICMACAY programme on the occasion of the World ‘Dance Day wherein the renowned Bharatnatyam dancer, Geeta Chandran would be giving a lecture-demonstration. As the President, Cultural Society of your school, draft notice in about 50 words, informing the students about the same. You are Rakhsita/Rohit of MVN Public School. (4 marks) [CBSE Sample Paper 2016]
Answer:

Notice Format Class 12 Question 4.
Water supply will be suspended for eight hours (10 a.m. to 6 p.m.) on the 6th of March for cleaning the water tank. Write a notice in about 50 words advising the residents to store water for a day. You are Karan Kumar/Karuna Bajaj, Secretary, Janata Group Housing Society, Palam Vihar, Kurnool. (4 marks) [CBSE Delhi 2016]
Answer:

Class 12 Notice Writing Question 5.
Yesterday, during lunch break you misplaced your notes on chemistry lectures. You want to get them back. Write a notice in about 50 words for the school noticeboard. You are Karuna/Karan, a student of class XII A. (4 marks) [CBSE (AT) 2016]
Answer:

Notice Writing Class 12 Question 6.
After the rain, cases of dengue, chikungunya, etc. are on the rise in your city. As a Principal, Sunshine Public School, Manu Vihar, you have decided to allow your students to wear full sleeve shirts and trousers in the school for a period of one month. Write the notice in about 50 words. (4 marks) [CBSE (Delhi) 2017]
Answer:

Notice Questions For Class 12 Question 7.
You are Health Secretary, Students Council Citizens Public School, Ram Bagh, Varanasi. The Council has decided to start from the 2nd of October a week-long cleanliness drive around the school. Draft a notice in about 50 words asking class XI students to enroll for the drive. (4 marks) [CBS.E (Delhi) 2017]
Answer:

Notice Writing Format Cbse Class 12 Question 8.
R.J. Public School is located in Central Government employee’s residential colony. Cultural Society of the school has decided to organise a fancy dress show on the 25th of January in which each participant will wear the dress particular to his/her region. The aim is to show the cultural diversity of India. As Secretary, write a notice in about 50 words inviting the names of those who want to participate. (4 marks) [(Delhi) 2017]
Answer:

Notice Writing Examples For Class 12 Question 9.
An NGO has approached your school to offer book grants to needy students. As Head Girl of Sunshine Public School, Aram Bagh, write a notice in about 50 words asking students who are in need to put their requests into the box kept outside the Principal’s office. (4 marks) [CBSE (Delhi) 2017]
Answer:

Class 12 English Notice Writing Question 10.
The Principal, Sunshine Public School, Dindigul has invited the Inspector of Police (Traffic) to deliver a lecture on ‘Road Safety’ in her school. Draft a notice in about 50 words informing the students to assemble in the school auditorium. (4 marks) [CBSE (AI) 2017]
Answer:

Notice Writing Questions For Class 12 Question 11.
Twenty-five years ago, a government school was opened in Adampur, your village.
As a part of its silver jubilee celebrations, the school has decided to honour the meritorious old students who are now holding important positions in life. As a Head Boy/Girl, draft notice in about 50 words inviting students of classes IX and XII to attend the function in the school hall. (4 marks) [CBSE (F) 2017]
Answer:
Notice Making Class 12 Question 12.
You are Simar/Smriti of Lotus International School, Jodhpur. Your school has decided to contribute in controlling traffic near your school and require the names of volunteers from IX to XII. Write a notice in about 50 words to be displayed on the noticeboard. (4 marks) [CBSE Sample Paper 2019]
Answer:

Notice Writing Class 12 Format Question 13.
The Arts Club of your school is going to organise a Drawing and Painting Competition. Write a notice in not more than 50 words, to be displayed on the school noticeboard, inviting students to participate in it. Give all the necessary details. You are Rishabh/ Ridhima, Secretary, Arts Club, Sunrise Public School, Gurugram, Haryana. (4 marks) [CBSE (1/1/1) 2019]
Answer:

Online Education for Sociology Class 12 Chapter Wise Important Questions: Here we are providing CBSE Important Extra Questions for Class 12 Sociology Chapter Wise Pdf download of Indian Society, Change and Development in India in Hindi and English Medium. Students can get Class 12 Sociology NCERT Solutions, Sociology Class 12 Important Extra Questions and Answers designed by subject expert teachers.

Online Education for CBSE Sociology Class 12 Important Extra Questions and Answers Chapter Wise Pdf

Important Questions of Sociology Class 12 Part A Indian Society

1. Introducing Indian Society Important Questions
2. The Demographic Structure of the Indian Society Important Questions
3. Social Institutions: Continuity and Change Important Questions
4. The Market as a Social Institution Important Questions
5. Patterns of Social Inequality and Exclusion Important Questions
6. The Challenges of Cultural Diversity Important Questions
7. Suggestions for Project Work Important Questions

Sociology Class 12 Important Questions Part B Social Change and Development in India

1. Structural Change Important Questions
2. Cultural Change Important Questions
3. The Story of Indian Democracy Important Questions
4. Change and Development in Rural Society Important Questions
5. Change and Development in Industrial Society Important Questions
6. Globalisation and Social Change Important Questions
7. Mass Media and Communications Important Questions
8. Social Movements Important Questions

We hope the given CBSE Important Questions of Sociology Class 12 Chapter Wise Pdf download of Sociology and Indian Economic Development in Hindi and English Medium will help you. If you have any queries regarding NCERT Class 12 Sociology Extra Important Questions and Answers, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest

FAQ’s on Important Questions for Class 12 Sociology

Question 1.
How do I prepare for class 12th sociology exam?

Answer:
It is easy to learn sociology concepts by relating them to real life. Things happening around us are the best examples and help you to remember sociology topics. Also, underline the important topics while reading and check them before you go for the exam.

Question 2.
What is the best preparation method for the CBSE class 12 exam?

Answer:
Previous Question Papers and Sample papers play an important role in the exam preparation. Gather Class 12 sociology Important Questions and Answers from previous papers and begin your preparation for the exam. We have included various sample question papers on Learninsta.com

Question 3.
What is the best strategy to prepare for Chapter Wise Sociology Class 12 Important Questions and Answers?

Answer:
Firstly, separate the chapters and important concepts. Begin your preparation from important topics. Prepare all important questions from important topics of Sociology Class 12, then prepare those answers and read for easy learning.

Question 4.
What is the best source to learn Class 12 Sociology?

Answer:
Learninsta.com is a portal where you can get all references for your Class 12 Sociology Preparation. Prepare all the concepts and get a good score in the exams by following the preparation instructions given on our website.

In Online Education An Advertisement is a kind of public notice asking for or offering services or buying and selling property, goods, etc., or providing information about missing persons, pets, etc.

This grammar section explains English Grammar in a clear and simple way. There are example sentences to show how the language is used. NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English will help you to write better answers in your Class 12 exams. Because the Solutions are solved by subject matter experts. https://ncertmcq.com/advertisement-writing-class-12/

Online Education for Advertisement Writing Class 12 Format, Examples

Advertisement Writing Class 12

Classified Advertisements: Classified advertisements are placed by individuals wishing to advertise the availability or need for goods and services. These ads, as the name implies, are grouped according to the product or service type. Classified advertisers are billed by the word or the line. As a result, classified ads are generally brief and descriptive.

Display Advertisements: Display advertisements appear in various sizes on most pages throughout the newspaper. They contain artwork and other information that informs the customer about a business, a product or a service. Display advertising can be sub-divided into local or retail and national advertising. Local or retail advertising emphasizes on merchandise, products or services available at stores or businesses in the community. National advertising consists of ads that generally promote countrywide operations such as those of a soap or a car.

Classified Advertisements
Every newspaper has a separate section for classified advertisements. These are divided into categories or classes according to their subject matter and the function they perform. Advertisements can be for vacant situations, sale and purchase of property or goods, to-let, educational institutions, missing persons/pets, lost and found, and travels and tours.

Classified advertisements are brief and to the point as the advertisers are charged per word or per column line or even per column centimetre. As a result, advertisers keep their classifieds brief by ignoring grammar, using certain words and phrases peculiar to classifieds and by using abbreviations. The reason for this is to convey more while paying less.

At times, classified advertisements do not mention the name or contact address or phone number of the advertiser but give a P.O. Box Number. Newspapers offer this facility to the advertiser to maintain secrecy.

Since the advertisement must catch the eye of the reader, it must be attractive. Every word must express an idea. However, brevity should not be at the cost of clarity.

The word limit for classified advertisements is 50 words.

Advertisement Format Class 12

Characteristics of a Classified Advertisement

The main characteristics of a classified advertisement are:

• They are categorized into columns according to different classes.
• They are brief and occupy less space.
• They are economical.
• They are written in short phrases and words.
• The language is simple and concise, factual and formal.
• There are no blocks or designs.

Advertisement Class 12

Important points

1. The first one or two words of an advertisement may be written in capital letters.
2. Marks will be deducted for exceeding the word limit.

Advertisement Writing Examples

Types of Classified Advertisements
There are various types of classified advertisements. These include:

1. Situations Vacant
The important points for this type of advertisement are:

• preferably begin with ‘Wanted’ or ‘Required’
• write the name of the organization
• indicate the post and number of vacancies
• state the essential qualifications and experience
• give preferences, if any, such as age and gender of the candidate
• other preferences/details are optional and can be included
• state pay scale and perks (including opportunities for growth)
• state mode of applying/interview procedure
• give contact address and phone number of the advertiser

♦ Sample Advertisement:

Advertisement Writing For Class 12 Question 1.
Draft a display advertisement to promote the sale of new hair oil, The New Age Eiair Revitalizer Cream, for curing baldness and promoting hair growth, giving all the relevant details. (4 marks)
Answer:

Format Of Advertisement Class 12 Question 2.
Draft a display advertisement to be published in a local daily, for the promotional sale of the NEW ENGLAND shirts launched by your company in not more than 50 words.(4 marks)
Answer:

Advertisement Writing Question 3.
You are Manager, Infocom Network C-3 Main Shopping Center, Vasant Vihar, New Delhi. Draft an advertisement offering office furniture for sale. Give details. (4 marks) [CBSE Sample Paper 2016]
Answer:

Advertisement Writing Examples For Students Question 4.
Principal, Sunrise Global School, Agra requires a receptionist for her school. Draft a
suitable advertisement in about 50 words to be published in the classified columns of a national newspaper giving all the necessary details of qualifications and experience required in the receptionist. (4 marks) [CBSE Delhi 2016]
Answer:

Advertisement For Class 12 Question 5.
You are Karan Kumar/Karuna Bajaj, a leading lawyer practising in Surat. You want to buy an independent house at City Light Road to be used as office-cum residence. Draft an advertisement in about 50 words for the classified columns of a local newspaper. You can be contacted at 45645678. (4 marks) [CBSE (AI) 2016]
Answer:

Advertisement Examples Class 12 Question 6.
You are Karan/Karuna of M 114, Mall Road, Delhi. You are a civil engineer and have recently returned from the UAE. You are looking for a suitable job in India. Draft an advertisement for the same in about 50 words. Give details of your qualifications, experience, nature of the job, and expected remuneration. (4 marks) [CBSE (AI) 2016]
Answer:

Advertisement Format Class 12 2021 Question 7.
Your school, Akash Public School, Agra needs a canteen manager. On behalf of the Principal, write an advertisement in about 50 words to be published in the classified columns of a local daily. Mention the educational and professional qualifications, other qualities required in the manager, who to apply to, and the last date for the receipt of applications. (4 marks) [CBSE (AI) 2015]
Answer:

Advertisement For Class 12th Question 8.
You need to buy a flat. Draft a suitable advertisement in about 50 words to be published in the classified columns of a local newspaper giving all the necessary details of your requirement. You are Karan/Karuna, Ml 14, Mall Road, Delhi. (4 marks) [CBSE Delhi 2016]
Answer:

Advertisement Writing Format Class 12 Question 9.
You are Vikram/Sonia, a Hons graduate in history with specialisation in Medieval India. You are well acquainted with places of historical interest in Delhi, Agra, and Jaipur. You are looking for the job of a tourist guide. Write an advertisement in not more than 50 words for the ‘Situation Wanted’ column of a local newspaper. Your contact no. is 999751234. (4 marks) [CBSE (Delhi) 2017]
Answer:

Question 10.
You are the Dean, Admissions, MNT Professional College, Chandigarh. Draft an
advertisement in about 50 words giving information about admission to undergraduate courses offered by your college. Include all relevant details. (4 marks) [CBSE Sample Paper 2017]
Answer:

Question 11.
You are Vikram/Sonia, an electronic engineer who has recently returned from the US
and looking for a suitable job in the IT industry. Draft an advertisement in about 50 words for the Situation Wanted column of a national newspaper. Your contact number is 9193010203. (4 marks) [CBSE (AI) 2017]
Answer:

Question 12.
You are Arnit/Arnika. You want to sell your car as you are planning to but a new
one. Draft a suitable advertisement to be published in the vehicles column of a newspaper. (4 marks) [CBSE Sample Paper 2018]
Answer:

Question 13.
You are Harish/Harshita of 12, Seva Nagar, Pune. You want to sell your flat as you are shifting to another city for work. Draft a suitable advertisement in not more than 50 words to be published in ‘The Pune Times’ under the classified columns. (4 marks) [CBSE Paper 2018]
Answer:

Question 14.
You are Principal of National Public School, Jaipur. You require a TGT (Maths) for your school. Draft a suitable advertisement in not more than 50 words for the ‘Situations Vacant’ column of ‘The National Times’ stating essential and desirable qualifications, experience, etc. of the candidates. You are Principal of National Public School, Jaipur. You require a TGT (Maths) for your school. Draft a suitable advertisement in not more than 50 words for the ‘Situation Vacant’ column of ‘The National Times’ stating essential and desirable qualifications, experience, etc. of the candidates. (4 marks) [CBSE Paper 2018]
Answer: